The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-09-10 00:00:00

FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. UNITED STATES, The American steam-ship Pacific, Captain N'ye, entered the Mersey on Wednesday forenoon, after a passage of eleven days from New York. She brought seventy-two passengers, and specie, consisting of £43,046 in gold, 6COO dollars, and XMO in English silver. Among the passengers were the Bisliop of Jamaica and lady. In the Senate, on the 23rd, the Fugitive Slave Bill, which had been before the house for several days, was ordered to be engrossed by a vote of twenty-seven to twelve, and would, it was supposed, be immediately passed. Important news from Texas had been received at New Orleans on the 22nd. An extraordinary meeting of the Texan legislature had been held on the 12th, at which a message from the governor had been received. It spoke of the towarrantable assumption of power on the part of the federal executive, by direct interference with the municipal effairs of a sovereign state, and pronounced discussion useless. The Mexican papers are almost una nimously opposed to the Tehuantepec treaty. They say it gives Americans too strong a foothold over the south ern frontier. Sugar had doubled in price, in consequence of all the-giock being purchased for the California market. From 'Cliirago we learn that recent rains had 'done an immense amount of damage on the Illinois river and canal ; 4arge numbers of lumber yards had been .swept away. Nettle Creek Aqueduct had been torn to pieces, and the navigation of the canal would be suspended for at least four weeks. `Havana was perfectly quiet. Captain Benson, of the American barque Georgiana, and Captain Pendleton, of the brig Susan Loud, had been condemned to death by the authorities at Havana. The advises from Jamaica are to the 16th ultimo, seven .days later than those previously received. Cotton, it was 'said, could be steadily picked for eight months, namely, 'from December Ist to August following, and 'but few acres 'that could not produce at least 500 lbs. of clean •marketa ble cotton, and the samples were worth 12d. per lb. The general voice was, that the success of Jamaica was the success of the cotton crops. CALIFORNIA The Philadelphia and Crescent City have arrive<l at New York, with two weeks later advices from California, and above one million dollars in gold dust, including of ore hearing quartz weighing 193 pounds, filled with gold. The news from the various mining districts is of so varied and complicated a character that it is almost impossible to arrive at correct conclusions. 'One reason for this is the fact that upon the Sacramento and its tributaries the operations had not fairly commenced, and as most of the operators there were erecting dams and digging races, they were compelled to await the fall of water in the streams before they could successfully work their locations. Nearly one-half of the whole mining population, during the months of May and lune, were engaged in surveying, while awaiting the subsiding of the waters, and the consequence had been that many new and Important discoveries had been made upon the head waters of Feather River, and between that and the head of Sacramento River. This was the supposed locality of the gold lake. Explorations had been made on both aides of the coast range at the sources of the Trinity River, and, although some rich and valuable agricultural country had been discovered, yet the prospects for mining in that country were poor. The whole region .of Hum boldt Bay, so far as it bad been explored, seemed well adapted to agricultural purposes, and the timber is de scribed as the finest in the world. The accounts from the southern mines do not appear very flattering, although operations had been carried on steadily during the whole winter and spring. The yield appeared to be regular, although not so great as in the northern mines. The Gold Lake diggings, lying at the head of Nelson's-creek, are at such an altitude above the level of the plains that the atmosphere is quite pure and invigorating. Gold had been found in great abundance over a large tract aquartz region. The richest deposits were ten feet below the sur face. The gold was coarse and beautiful. At this place amen could make from ]OO dols. to 500 dols. a day with ease, according to trustworthy accounts. At one spot in the northern manes four men froth the State of Maine were making an excavation in the bank when the earth caved in and crushed them instantly. Around Nevada City, a new town in this region, gold had been found scattered promiscuously over the hills, mixed with the very topsoil, where the earth was light and dusty, like ashes. There had been some fighting with the Indians at Trinity City, the Indians being the assailants. The In- Zan town was thereupon captured and burned, and three Indians were taken, tried by jury, and shot. Sacramento city was steadily progressing and improving, not only in business, but in size. The city had doubled in popula tion since last March. Some excitement was caused by the squgtters locating on unoccupied lands around the city, but the whole matter was coming up for legal adju clication before the proper courts, and would be settled in that way peaceably and without further disturbance. South San Francisco was rapidly becoming a place of great resort for shipping. The ease and safety with which many of the largest ships had discharged at that place had made it a very desirable anchorage. It was con sidered the most favourable place for storage on the bay, particularly nn account of its protection from fire. It Lad the purest water for ships' purposes, and would ulti mately be a place of considerable commercial importance. From a Sacramento paper we extract the following de scription of an extraordinary lump of gold, the largest, it was said, that had ever been found in California:— " Last evening we examined the largest lump of gold we be lieve ever dug in California; it is a mixture of quartz and gold, the whole weighing 311 b. (360 ounces) troy. From the tests made, it is ascertained the lump contains about 231 b. of pare gold. This mammoth piece was dug from a ravine in the dry diggings between the North and Middle Forks of the Yuba River (the location being known as the Jem Crow diggings), by Mr. W. H. Julius, of New York City, and Mr. G. Grives, of New Orleans. The first of these had been a year in the dig zings, and had not averaged over 10 dots. a day. Himself and partner had taken possession of an old hole which had been worked out and deserted by two negroes. Finding that they could not work to advantage without draining the water off, they dug a trench or canal, and as soon as the water disap peered commenced work. They had worked several hours, when one of them thought he espied a piece of gold jutting out from the earth in the canal which they had dug to carry off the water from the rrain hole. He stooped to examine it, and, 11 nding it to be The pure metal, he drew forth his case knife, scraped the dirt loose around it, while it continued to grow larger and larger, until the 3111 b. lump above mentioned soiled out at his feet. They kept the matter a prefound secret, and started off to Marysville, where they were affered 10,000 dots. for it, which they refused. They are exhibiting it at Milinigifit's Sutter Hotel, at 50 cents per head. The ravine from which this mammoth lump was taken is nothing more than a small brook, running through a fiat; the ground rises gently on the aides, and is covered with a rich coat of grass. It v; as found about two feet below the surface. The young men are on their way home, and expect to realise a fortune from exhibiting it in the States." The steam-ship Franklin, the first of a new line be tween New York and Havre, is advertised to sail from the former port on the 16th instant. A. line of steamers to ply between New York and Li -beria is projected at the former place, mainly with a view of carrying out emancipated slaves to the colony. Lucerne, in Switzerland, on the 23rd tilt. was visited by a violent hurricane, which blew down a house in course of erection as if it had been built of cards, carried away carts, uprooted trees, &c., and killed one man. Accounts from Maranham announce that an English merchant, Mr. Daniel Tullock, had been murdered while sleeping in his house, with the windows open. His body was stabbed in several places. The murderers are Portu guese, who are in custody. Accounts from Montpelier state that an extensive ma nufactory of gunpowder, for insurrectionary purposes, has been discovered in that town, in consequence of an acci dental explosion on the premises. The proprietors have been arrested. An order was issued in July, by the supreme govern ment in India, discontinuing in the army the morning -dram of arrack (a coarse description of brandy.) Drink ing in the barracks has been put an end to from the date of this order. The Bengal Times gives an account of another dreadful gunpowder explosion on the Ganges, on the 9th of July. There were nineteen boats laden with gunpDwder. One was discovered to be on fire, when nine of the others were cut adrift. The others exploded, but the precautions taken prevented loss of life. ►SINGULAR SUICIDE.—The Nashua Gazette says,— A man from Litchfield came to that town, purchased a ooffin, took it back to Litchfield, dug a grave, put his coffin into it, got into it himself, took laudanum, waked up next morning, and found himself alive, and then got up and hung himself. He left a letter, with five dollars enclosed, to pay for filling up his grain:. Letters from Madrid of the Ist inst. announce the cap ture and death of the Centralist Chief Baliardo, who for the last three months had kept the troops of the Province of Barcelona in movement. He was found concealed in his mother's house, about two miles from Barcelona. It was only atter a desperate resistance, and after killing two of his assailants, that he was taken. He was at once put to death. Great quantities of rich iron ore, surpassing in quality any before seen, have been discovered in Crawford Coun ty, America. So pure is it that it is thought that smelt ing furnaces will be unnecessary for obtaining the pure metal, it yieldinz about 90 per cent.; and the quantity covers at least 40 acres. An abundance of timber and water-power is at hand, and iron -manufactories are about to be erected. THE POPE AND THE VIRGIN AT RIMINI.—The Pope Ins addressed a brief to the Bishop of Rimini, empow ering him to offer to the image of the Virgin, celebrated on account of the miraculous movements o f i ts eyes, in the name of the Pope, and with his authority, a crown of gold, and granting plenary indulgence, applicable to souls in purgatory, to all who shall pay their devotion before the image, either on the day of the ceremony, or within a fortnight after. CHOLERA.—The following curious fact connected with this subject is recorded in the Prussian journals :—" A. man died in the Gips-street of cholera. His dog, proba bly accustomed to sleep on the bed, remained by the body, where it was found in the morning. Soon after it fell ill, with all the symptoms of cholera, and died; the carcase was removed to the veterinary hospital, and there dissected in the presence of Professors Hertwich and Leubeuscher, who gave it as their decided opinion that the cause of death was Asiatic cholera, thereby establish- Ink a novel case." AN UNLU C KY FRENG4II SMOKER.—A strange scene was witnessed the other day on the Boulevard Mont Par inasse. A waggoner was employed to convey some furni ture from a cott age near P ar i s to t h e F au b ourg Saint Germain. On his way he drank deeply at different wine shops, and to get rid of th e s l um b er w hi c h oppresse d h i m he lighted his pipe. That, however, made him rather more sleepy. On reaching the Boulevard he was aroused by cries of " Fire ! fire !" and was dragged from his seat by the bystanders. A spark from his pipe had set fire to the straw, and the cart and all its contents were in flames. All attempts to check the progress of the conflagration were vain, and soon all that remained of the vehicle were the springs and other ironwork. SUICIDE Or AN ENGLISHMAN IN AMERICA.—A young Englishman, named George Nichols, who had been in this country about three months, committed suicide by shooting himself through the head with a double-barrel led fowling-piece. There was found in the house after he committed the deed the following :—" This is my last will and testamrot. I hereby give and bequeath to my sister, Mary Amelia Taylor, of Drifield (Yorkshire), England, £2OO. 1 also give and bequeath to Mary therwitch, of Grimsby (Lincolnshire), £6O, to be paid as soon after my death as possible.—GEo. ThumLs."— ; Albany Journal, Aug. 16. A HUSBAND'S , LIABILITIES..--The Countess de Landsfelt (Lola Montes) and Mr. Heald, shortly after their arrival in Paris, ordered M. Jacquand, an artist of some celebrity, to paint their fell-length portraits, repre senting the latter making ti-.e marriage present to the lady. The priee agreed on was 10,000 f. for the painting and 500 f. for the frame. The portrait is not _ 'Acted ; but, fearful of losing his money by the sudden de parture of the loving couple, M. Jacquand caused Mr. Heald to be cited before the city tribunal to recover the amount in question. But, considering that the painting is not finished, the tribunal gave judgment to the effect that Jacquand should only be authorised to receive 2,00ef. on account, and that he should give up certain articles which had been 'remitted to him to copy in the painting. Mr. Heald's advocate, M. Blanchette, complained that the sum of 10,000 f. was greatly too high. A MARRIAGE AGENCY.—The civil tribunal of Le Mans has just condemned a person named Designs -and his son, of Parigni l'Eveque, department of the Sarthe, to pay 10,000 f. to M. Foy, the well-known marriage nego tiator, for having negotiated the marriage of the eon with a Madlle. de Bree ' niece of the Marquis de Malestroit. M. Foy was applied to by the father and the son to'find a wife for the latter ; Foy introduced them to Madlle. de Bruc, who was possessed of a certain fortune, and the son eventually married her. By an agreement duly drawn up before the marriage, the father and son bound them selves to pay M. Foy 12,500 f. for his services. This, how ever, they on different pretexts subsequently refused to do, and so Fay brought this action, but reduced his de- mend to ioxior., he having consented, after some nego tiation, to accept that sum. After hearing counsel at great length on both sides, the tribunal gavejudgment in Foy's favour for the full amount claimed. It appeared in `he course of the proceedings th' M. Foy is specially the course of the proceedings that licensed to act as a marriage agent. AN 'ECCENTRIC.—On the day on which Louis Philippe died there departed this life, in the rue Rousse:let Saint Germain, a singular old lady. formerly an Ursuline nun, known as sister Marie. She was born in Corsica, on the 15th of August, 1769, the same day as Napoleon, and all her life she entertained a fervent admiration for her great countryman. At an early age she entered a convent, but when religious houses were broken up in 1793, she re rurned to the world. She became governess in a noble family, and they allowed her a pension of 2,000 f. a-year. On this, having no taste for a convent life, she lived, but out of respect to her previous vows she remained strictly alone. For between 40 and 50 years she lived in the same apartment; and there she had collected . 2oo orloo birds, which she tended with the greatest care. The shutters of her apartment were always kept closed and barred. Every morning she went to attend mass in the church of the Missions Etrangeres, and, on her return, bought her stock of daily provisions. Sl-e was never known to make a longer journey, except on the occasion of the funeral of Napoleon, when, notwithstanding her advanced age, she followed his remains on foot from Neuilly to the Invalides. FATAL DVEL.—The Court of Assizes of the Seine-et- Oise have tried a medical student, named Raly, for hav ing killed in a duel M. Berthout, a sub-medical officer of the army. The two young men had been attached to the military hospital at Versailles to attend the •Garden Mo- bites and soldiers who were wounded in the insurrection of June. One day some dispute arose between them as to the degree of obedience which a military subordinate his chief, and this at last ended in a violent alter- Some insulting epithets having been applied by 3 of a quarrelsome disposition, a duel Four young men, named Maigne, Pre- Berthout, who was resoled on and Lespian, acted as seconds of the party. The duel took place in the Bois de Satory, at Versailles. Artillery swords were employed, but it was agreed that the points should not be used, and that on blood being drawn the duel should close. Tt was further agreed that two of the seconds should stand by the side of the pktrties and ward off any dangerous blow. Berthout acted with furious violence in the duel, and Ralc, who had never used a sword, employed it as a stick. The latter inflicted a violent blow on the head and shoulder of Berthout, which caused a large gaping wound. Berthout was taketi to the hospital, and after some months the wound gan grened and he died. All the seconds were tried with Raly. Maigne, who was at that time a law student, and subse quently elected a representative of the people, and who was condemned for the affair of June, was brought up in custody from Doellens. After hearing the evidence the jury came to the conclusion that the duel had been fairly conducted, and that the faults were on the side of the deceased. It accordingly acquitted all the accused. vel, Chenu, HORRIBLE TRAGEDY AT TROY.—The American papers contain accounts of an awful event which had occurred on the 21st ult., at the St. Charles Hotel, Troy. A re spectable-looking man and woman, about 30 years old, stopped at the hotel, as travellers. Next morning they did not make their appearance, and about ten o'clock the landlord, who thought the silence which reigned in their bedroom strange, went to the door and knocked. No answer being returned, he opened a small window over the doer, when a horrid spectacle was presented. Both man and woman were dead. The bodies, the clothes, and the bed were covered with blood, 2nelithe throats of both were cut, that a the man being horribly mutilated. An eye-witness thus describes the sight :—The scene pre sented in the bedroom was one we shall not attempt to describe. A more ghastly and horrible spectacle the mind cannot conceive. Both were in their ordinary night-clothes. The woman was in the front part of the bed, her head resting on the arm, and partially on the bosom, of her companion. The gash in the throat was not deep, and the blood had dropped beneath, so that little was on her person. Her countenance was pallid, and marked by a serenity amounting almost to a smile. She bad evidently moved only very slightly after the cut was made, and then in the struggles of death. She was of the middle size in height, hardly ordinarily robust, and apparently aged about thirty years. By her side on the right lay Caldwell, the most horrid object that the eyes ever beheld. He was tall, muscular, well-formed, large head, features strongly marked, and the lower part of his face covered with heavy whiskers. The gash in his throat had severed and laid bare his windpipe, and he had bled most profusely. His face, hands, and breast were covered with blood, and his hair and whiskers were clotted toge ther with it. Judging from the position of his limbs, his contortions must have been long and severe. By his right side was found a razor, covered with blood, and also the case. From letters and papers found in the room it appears that the man was Wm. Caldwell, of Whitehall, where he has a father hying in respectable circumstances. The woman was the wife of a Mr. Van Winkle, of Wil liarnsbury, from whom she eloped with Caldwell. The letters showed that the parties had committed premedi tated and deliberate suicide, having evidently lard them selves on the bed and cut their throats. JOHANNAS STAUFF, THEMURDERER OF THE COUNTESS GORRLITZ.—It will be remembered that this unhappy man, who was condemned to imprisonment for life for the murder of the Countess Goerlitz in June last, at that time protested against the sentence and declared his in nocence. The affected strain which he assumed when first it confinement, gradually, however, gave way ; he became spiritless and dejected, and finally, overcome by the harassing accusations of his conscience, he was con strained to discharge his burdened mind, and declare his guilt. He has made a full and detailed confession of the barbarities attendant on the murder of his noble mistress. The act was not premeditled : he entered her apartment —saw her writing-table standing open—knew that it con tained her jewellery forced the drawers seized the bracelets, brooches, and pearls, and was putting them into his pocket when the countess suddenly entered. She' hurried up to him, end, fearing lest she could call for help, he rushed upon her and seized her by the throat. She struggled violently, and he was once even obliged to let go his hold ; but he again forcibly pressed his hands upon her throat, and in less than ten minutes she closed her eyes, her hands fell powerless, and her countenance assumed a livid hue. He saw that she was dead. He let the body fall—rushed out of the room—locked the door both 6f that room and the outer apartment, and hurried to a public-house, where he drank off a quantity of wine. lie then returned to the castle. The count came home to dinner at half-past six, and, after dressing, went to call the countess. Not receiving an answer, he concluded that she was not at home. While waiting at table, Stauff resolved that every trace of his crime should be oblitera ted. As soon as the count was gone, at about eight o'clock, Stauff returned to the countess's apartments. He found the body still warm and the limbs pliant. He placed her in her chair at the writing-table, her elbow resting upon the open desk, and supporting her head, her whole body being bent over the desk, as if she were asleep ; he then placed shavings, paper, &c., upon the desk and table, and set fire to them close before her face ; next he set fire to a divan at the other end of the room, locked the doors of both the inner and outer apartments, and threw away the keys. He then went to his own room, when he lighted a fire, in the middle of which he placed the casket containing the jewels—but he could not get the fire to burn. Stauff deeply lamented all the un just and injurious hints which he had thrown out relative to the count, and which at one time made him to be sus pected of being the murderer of his own wife. Stauff said he denied his guilt in the first instance. in the hope that the sentence of not guilty would be passed ; but that the anguish of his soul was intolerable; 10,000 lives would he give, if he had them, that that deed of horror might be undone. LAW INTELLIGENCE. 4 --- A few days ago, an application was made in Chambers to Chief Justice Jervis for the release of a number of parties who were confined for debt in White-cross prison for sums varying from £2O to £25, on the ground that they were entitled to their discharge under the New County . Court Act, which it was argued was to be con strued in connection with a previous act by which persons in custody under £2O had been liberated. The chief justice refused the application, knowing that it was the intention of the legislature that the a c t s h ou ld no t dis charge persons then in prison, but should only apply to subsequent cases. Sir John (the Chief Ju s ti ce o f C ommon Pleas), is the sho Jervis, tinteral between the Coventry and Warwick assizes, paid a visit to Parr and Wisden's Cricket-ground, Leamington, and sought relief from his arduous judicial duties by engaging in the noble game of cricket. In the Lincoln County Court a Miss Lawson, a pawn broker, has obtained a verdict against a general broker, named Pickering, for £l3 worth of jewellery, &c., and £6 lent money. The parties were lovers, but the con nexion had been broken off, and the broker had sold the articles he obtained from his sweetheart. IRELAND. -.....,..-.-. The Tablet states that the Romish synod at Thurles has passed a resolution, by a majority of one, in condem nation of the Queen's Colleges in Ireland. Not one clergyman of the Established Church of Ire land has taken part in the " tenant right" sedition ; the incendiary movers of that sedition have been the Roma nist priesthood generally, and a few, though a very few, Presbyterian ministers. A HINT FOR HAywAn.—The Nation .cockles over the account of the outrageous assault committed upon Marshal Haynau the other day, and asks, " Will he come to Ireland ? ' Our contemporary adds, "By the sword of Kossuth if he do —1" THE CORN PLUNDERERS,—The corn-lifters are at their old trade in North Tipperary. On Sweday last about.lBo reapers, and as many tnore binders and helpers, proceeded cm masse to some lands near Nenagh, and cut down 14 acres of wheat, which they carried off in triumph, having at their disposal a large number of horses and cars. The Very Rev. Holt Waring, dean of Dromoce, and rector of Shankhill, died on Tuesday, at Waringstown, in the 85th year of his age. Dean 'Waring was long distin guished for his 'public and private virtues, his loyalty, and ability for attaching the people to the cause of law and order. At a meet gig of the Repeal Association, on Monday, at which the week's collection of rent amounted to £B, Mr. John O'Connell announced that unless within four weeks some arrangements could be made to meet the responsi ";ty of -- tf f-^ Conciliation Hall, be could not, rent and taxes tor In justice to himself and his family, continue to incur the expense of keeping it open. Such is the desire in Ireland for emigration that the John Francis, Captain Deaves, which left Cork on Tues day for Quebec, with emigrants, had to decline passages for no fewer than 100 persons desirous to go to that country. These disappointed parties, not being accom modated, left by steamer for Liverpool. The Garland, Garde, from Dublin, has arrived to take out emigrants to New York. A te- ant-right demonstration, accompanied by boat races, dances, and other jollifications, has taken place at the residence of Mr. Ouseley Higgins, the new member for Mayo. A Popish priest, a .Mr. Egan, addressed the assembly in the Irish vernacular, calling upon them to enrol themselves as members of the League, with a pay ment , of one shilling a head, which was assented to by acclamation; the money to he collected on the following Sunday at the various chapels THE QUJ the Irish ar HEAVEN.—We must not wonder that ndifferent subjects of Queen Victoria, when, in their maryolatry, they have made their Virgin Mary the " Queen of Heaven." There was a time when the national feelings might not thus have been outraged with impunity ; but, now-a-days, the Queen's bayonets may form a guard for the worship of the Indian Juggernaut, 1 and protect almost equal idolatries at home ; but Lord Lansdowne telly us that even the constables must not pro tect the Irish Protestants in freedom of opinion, in con tending for the purity of their faith Mr. Henry Baldwin, law-adviser to the Irish court, has'been appointed Commissioner of the Insolvent Court, with .a salary of £2 , 500 per annum. Mr. M. Staunton, proprietor of the lublin Weekly Register newspaper. a favourite organ of O'Connell's, has carried off the prize of collector-general of taxes, for which a host of patriots have been some time contending. The salary £BOO a year We need hardly observe that Messrs. Baldwin and Staunton are members of the favoured creed. The va cant Irish stipendiary magistrate's office has been con. ferred on Mr. Gibson, who for some years was the Whig representative for Belfast. EPISCOPAL CONDESCENSION.—The Bishop of Down has been edifying the Church with a lengthy charge. His lordship, in alluding to the educationi - qiiestimi, spoke plausibly in favour of that toleration, of which he shewed a rather equivocal example last year, when he forbade Dr. O'Sullivan to preach at Belfast, on behalf of the Church Education Society. " I feel it my duty (says he) to re mind all of the obligation they are under, as Christians, of extending to others the same liberty of conscience which hey claim and exercise for themselves. * * I concede to those who differ from me the exercise of their private judgment in approving of any other society." Of a verity, it is easier to preach than to practise. DISCOVERIES OF BUTTER IN BOGS.—Last week small farmer, named James Young, residing in the parish of Bellaghy, near Belfast, on the estate of John lll`Neile, Esq. of Parkmount, dug up out of a bog in which h e was working a keg of butter in a state of remarkable preserva tion. The wood composing the keg itself was completely rotten, whilst the butter—about 601bs.—was, in taste, colour, and general appearance, as though it had not been secreted more than a month. Those in the neighbourhood who had seen the firkin entertain the belief that it was hidden during the " troublesome times of '98." A few days previously a firkin was found in Fenagh Bog, about four miles from Ballymena, on the estate of the Earl of Mountcashell. The possessor of it discovered it a few inches under the surface of a section of the bog which had been under cutting for several years. In this case the butter was quite greyish in appearance, and fusty in taste and smell. ROMAN CATHOLICS IN THE NAVY.—The Anglo-Celt, a Cavan journal, contains the following curious statement : —" One of our Liberal members of parliament (a Roman Catholic) lately procured his son to be nominated to a midshipman's berth in the navy. Having heard that it was a regulation of the ship that all hands should attend Divine Service each Sunday, the father wrote to Dr. Cul len, asking permission for the son to do so, as a mere matter of form. The Roman Catholic primate returned a long answer, in which he is said to have stated, ' That if such acts were mere matters of form, our ancestors must have been arrant fools to have acted as they did during the operations of the Penal Laws,' and giving an opinion that such an act could not be conscientiously done. The letter was brought to the Admiralty, who, after some days de lay, returned an answer to the effect, ' That the regula tion in question was a mere bye-law, introduced by some over-zealous persons, but did not form any part of the ge neral regulations of the service, and of course might be dispensed with, and should be so in the present instance.' " UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL NEWS, ----..----- The Rev. Chas. Hesketh, M.A., rector of North Meols, the patron, has nominated the Rev. Henry Powell to the perpetual curacy of Bispham, near Preston vacant by the resignation of the Rev. Bennett Willi ams , M.A. Mr. Gorham is expected to perform the ceremony of reading himself into the vicarage of Bampford Speke on Sunday. The rev. gentleman will also preach on the occasion. THE BISHOP OF ST. ASAPII ON THE GORHAM CASE.—In reply to an address presented to the Bishop of St. Asaph, signed by Lord Dungannon, Earl Powis, and other laymen of his diocese, in reference to the Gorham case, his Lordship, while acknowledging that "such quiet expressions of opinion as the address contained proving the deep interest taken by the lay members of the church in the purity of her doctrine, are calculated to preserve her unity and to strengthen the hands of her ministers," urges " that there is, at the present moment, a danger arising from a breach of charity among sincere members of our church, who probably differ more in words than ideas on the subject of baptism." THE lINIVERSIVY COMMISSIONS.—AII doubt has been set at rest as to the composition of the two sets of royal commissioners for inquiring into the state, discipline, studies, and revenues of the two national seats of learning at Oxford and Cambridge. The official announcement of whom the Queen has appointed to be her Majesty's Oommissioxiers for the important purposes enumerated appeared in the London Gazette of Tuesday last. Those for Oxford University, seven in number, are the Bishop of Norwich ; the Very Rev. Archibald Campbell Tait, D.C.L., Dean of Carlisle; the Rev. Fras. Jeune, D.C.L., Master of Pembroke College, Oxford ; the Rev. Geo. H. Liddell, M.A. ' Head Master of ISt. P e t er ' s C o ll ege , Westminster ; John Lucius Dampier, Esq., M.A., Vice- Warden of the Stannaries of Cornwall ; the Rev. Baden Powell, M.A., Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford ; and the Rev. George Henry Sacheverell Johnson, M.A., of Queen's College, Oxford. For Cambridge only five have been appointed. They are the Bishop of Chester ; the Very Rev. G. Peacock, D.D., Dean of Ely ; Sir J. F. W. Herschel!, Bart. ; Sir J. Romilly, Fel. Majesty's Attorney-General; and the Rev. A. Sedgwick, M.A., Woodwardian Professor of Geology at Cambridge. THE NATIONAL EDUCATION DECLARATION.—The Declaration in favour of the minutes of the Privy Council continues to receive large accessions of names of the most influential clergy and laity of the Church. In addition to the names given in a lath number, and which includes those of a considerable number of the cathedral clergy and masters of our great public schools, &c., we observe in the new list, just issued, Lord Robert Grosvenor, M.P.; Sir T. Blomefield, Bart.; Sir W. Russell, Bart. • the Deans of Carlisle and Ripon ; Sir C. L. Leighton, Bart. ; the Hon. and Rev. Leland Noel; the Rev. Chancellor Williams; Canons Cotterill, Garbett, Hastings, Vaughan. Jones, Sandford, Phillips, and Powell; Prebendaries Venn, Clark, Lee, and Kennedy ; the Principals of the Church Missionary Institution at Islington, of the Central Church of England Training Schools at Cheltenham, and of the Liverpool Collegiate Institution ; the Head Masters of Shrewsbury, Beccles, Giggieswiek Chesterfield, Birming ham, Bury, Leeds, Christ's Hospital, Ipswich, Horn castle, Mansgeld, Congleton, and other schools ; the Rev. Robert Eden, Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Norwich; the Rev. J. Brooks; the Rev. J. Peill, Tutor Queen's College, Cambridge; Trench, of Reading, Jer ram Jowett, &c.—Church and State Gaz e tt e . UNION AGAINST TRACTARIANISM.—The Rev. Daniel Wilson, vicar of Islington, London, has published a pamphlet, in which he proposes a union of the party attached to the genuine sentiments of the Church of England. The following is an extract : " There is a general concurrence of opinion as to the neces. sity of an union in the Church against Tractarian aggression ; and the main questions are as to the best way, and the most appropriate time to accomplish the important object. 1. In relation to the time, some delay must needs occur from nearly every one being at present out of London. " 2. As to the mode of proceeding at the right time, we are persuaded that the basis of the union should be stated with the utmost simplicity and brevity. We all know our objects, but to define them with accuracy were dangerous to unity, not to say impossible. Our security is not in definitions, which a dishonest mind will wind to its own purposes, but in the aggre gate character of the mass of men who unite in vindication of the faith. " 3. The scheme long contemplated has been that of the formation of a central Committee in London, composed of fifty individuals, one half clergymen and one half laymen, and the formation of similar committees throughout the country corresponding with this central body. Such a machinery is abundantly simple, and would be available for all practical purposes, and will, we trust, be wisely put together, as soon as the return to town of those of whom it is to be composed will permit." RUMOURED SECESSION OF LORD LYTTLETON'.—Lord Lyttleton, in reference to whose intended secession from the Church of England rumours have been rife during the last few days, has explained his views in reference to the course Lord Fielding and others have adopted in conse quence,of the position in which members of the Church have been ,placed hy:the recent decision of the Judicial THE I,ll , lRpon STANDARD. Committee of Privy Council, Lord Lyttleton; 'it seems, was invited to the great Church meeting held a few weeks since at St. Martin's Hall, but declined taking part in the proceedings. His chief motive, be says, was founded upon a fact which in his view has hardly been sufficiently dwelt upon, though it has been adverted to by Dr. Putty, Mr. kehle, Archdeacon Hare, and others, namely, that there exists the most grievous amount of misunderstand ing about the meaning of certain theological terms irrc'olved in the question in debate, in consequence of which many persons suppose that they differ when in fact they _ substan tially agree. Rather than recommend a separation from the Church, Lord Lyttleton recommends a reconciliation between the two conflicting parties, but wishes it to be understood that he implies nothing as 'to the exact time and manner in which the Church is bound to act upon the questions at issue—points on which his lordship thinks somewhat rash statements have been made by emi nent men. His lordship repudiates for the present the use of the terms " convocation" or " synod," as consti tuting meters of detail. He is rather anxious to ascer tain in the first instance whether the principle should be adopted. With reference to a " synod' or'" convocation," his lordship says "it is probably the opinion of no one that either of these bodies, understanding by them, as relates to their main principle, entirely clerical bodies, should eventually furnish the precise model of the Church legisleture which we wish to establish. But especially with regard to convocation, - it is a question to be argued whether it, as already existing, should be called into prac tical operation with the intention that it should then be reformed as may seem fit, or whether the attempt should be made at once to constitute, with legally authorised functions, such a body as we should wish to see perma nently established." THE SECESSION OF LORD FEILDING.—The fact of the perversion of Lord Feilding to the Roman apostacy is confirmed by a letter of his own. Not only is the fact established, but the reasons which have led to the change are set forth. That the perversion is complete appears from the fact of his calling our Church " the so-called Church of England," and setting forth the Papacy as "the centre of the unity" of the body of Christ. The reasons for his secession are given in the following sentences : " recent events have proved to me the entire absence (in the Church of England) of a living definite authority in matters of faith, without which creeds and formularies, being liable to different interpretations, are mere dead letters. Such a living, definite authority, conclusive and infallible, as guided by the promised teaching of the Holy Ghost, I find alone claimed and alone exercised in the Church of Rome." "It is a pity," says the Record, "that this young gentleman should write so inconsider ately. Surely he ought to know that the Greek Church, equally with the Roman, absolutely claims the possession of a living, definite authority, conclusive and infallible' in matters of faith. That it receives as an article of faith, that it derives and exercises this authority from ' the Holy Ghost.' And that the two Churches, occupying thus the same ground, which Lord Fending assumes to be a constituent ingredient of the Church, exercise their high authority, so derived, in excommunicating one another, and regarding each the other as accursed ! The apostolic' succession of each stands'on as satisfactory ground as a thing of the kind can stand on. Here then we have two 'living, definite authorities, conclusive and infallible,' each pronouncing the other to be heretical and accursed!" A correspondent of the Times says, " I charge his lord ship with having ignorantly stated as true that which is not true. Claimed in the church of Rome' must mean either 'claimed by those in the church of Rome who have authority to speak in the name of the whole church,' which is the the same as 'claimed by the church of Rome,' or claimed by those in the church of Rome who have not such authority.' It would be absurd to suppose that Lord Feilding meant to say that he had been led to secede by an unauthorized claim of infallibility. He must have meant that ' be found infallibility claimed by the Church of Rome.' Having ' found' this, he can have no difficulty, if he have written the truth, in clearing himself from the charge of having stated an untruth by quoting the act of the church of Rome which claims infallibility for his living, definite authority,' which is,: of course, the Pope. In order to give the most direct contradiction to Lord Feilding's assertion of what he has found,' I assert that the church of Rome has never claimed infallibility for the Pope." The Herald says, " Let us suppose—what is very probable—that Lord Feilding may have some difficulty in theology perplexing him to-morrow; and then, practically, where will his infallible teacher be found? Holy Scripture, without such an infallible living expounder, he holds to be a dead letter.' Has his new Church, then, given him this infallible exposition in any tangible or practical form ? She has not. Is he, then, to go straight to the (alleged) occupant of St. Peter's chair for a resolution of his doubts ? This, plainly, would be impossible, for no one pontiff, or even a score, could undertake to hear and answer all the donbts of all believers. Where, then, is the living expounder? No where will Lord Feilding find what he wants, save in the poor mortal, be he priest or bishop, who may happen to be his adviser for the time being. Practically, the infallibility of the Church is no thing more than the infallibility of the priest." POLITICAL MISCELLANY. Lord George Manners and Mr. Sergeant Byles are to be two of the candidates for Cambridgeshire. Mr. Cowling, the barrister, is at present the only can didate for Cambridge University : Mr. Walpole has de clined to Etind. Rumour states that Sir Joshua Walmsley has accepted office under Government. If so, he will say little for the future about financial reform. There are now three seats in the House of Commons vacant by deaths, since the close of the parliametkary session. They ire, the University of Cambridge, the borough of Poole, and the county of Hereford. Mr:J. Gordon has addressed the electors of Poole. He is in favour of Free Trade, though an extensive land owner ; and in his address he says, "You may depend on my not giving one drop of wine or beer to any voter what ever." THE PRESSURE ult , TAXATIO'N.-Of the 16,000,000 inhabitants of Great Britain, only 108,000 keep male ser vants ; 152,000 pay duty for horses, and 26,000 for car riages with four wheels ; 487,( 00 houses pay the window. tax, and there are 3,000,000 houses which do not pay. Mr. Booker, of Velindra House, near Cardiff, a promi nent champion of the Protectionist cause in Hereford. shire and Glamorganshire, is mentioned as the probable successor of the late Mr. Bailey in the representation of the county of Hereford. __ The great " six points" parliament man, Mr, Feargus O'Connor, appeared before his constituents at Notting ham on Monday last, to go through the annual farce of an election; after haranguing the rabble for upwards of an hour, from a waggon in the market-place, his re election was proposed, and, of course, carried unanimously. Sir William Napier has stepped forward and addressed the public on the subject of the resignation of Sir Charles. Sir William denies the stories in circulation about the actual facts of the resignation, but admits that " the real cause of that step was a difference between %ir Charles and the Marquis of Dalhousie on a vital point of public interest, accompanied by eircumstan,ces which rendered it imperative upon Sir Charle's to resign." SAFETY OF PAPER MONEY. — One objection to paper money was that It would be issued in excess by private bankers. Suppose a man of known wealth applied to a hanker for £l,OOO, to meet an emergency. If the banker knew the man to be refflly solvent, and he was eager to push out his notes (for this was implied in the hypothesis of over-issue), he would say, " You shall have £l,OOO ; , but allow me to offer you £5,000 instead." The man's own prudence would cause him to put to himself the ques tion, " Why should I take 4,5,000, when 41,000 will answer my purpose ?" and this prudence would check the desire of over-issue on the part of the banker. In a re verse case, the banker's prudence would step in, and here' would be a siroklar corrective to the desire flOr over-issue. In fact, a balance would always be exactly and strictly kept; and no more money could get into circulation than was absolutely necessary.—Mr. Duncan's Lecture. THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE.—The Times calls in ques tion altogether the utility of these establishments, at least in a great number of instances :—" We should be greatly edified if some ono would ekplain to us the mysteries of state which at this present moment, or at any moment, may occupy the mind of our worthy representative at Stuttgart, for example, or at any one of the German states. Why should there be at every petty court a sort of court gossip writer—a collector of idle scandal, a repor ter whose duty it is to pry into all the intrigues, whether of love or politics, and despatch a scandalous chronicle by every post to our Foreign Office ? Where a court exists, there we seem to think a minister necessary, simply be cause we have never asked ourselves the question—for what object is a minister needed ? Have we commercial relations at Stuttgart, or Munich even, whioh require in vestigation ? Are there at this moment questions of dif ference between the courts of Bavaria and England which require to be settled ? If there be, let them be immedi ately stated and arranged ; but do not let the money of the English people, earned at the expense of many hours of toil, and mere of anxiety and sorrow, be wasted in the idle folly called diplomatic intercourse. The state mys teries are but a blind to hide idleness; there is, in fact, nothing to do • but there are people who want to be paid for doing nothing." WILL PAPER MONEY DEPRECIATE ?—lt had been ob jected that paper money would depreciate, in consequence of being issued in excess ; but this never could be the case, so long as the issue was limited to the annual amount of taxation. Again, it never could depreciate in its own nature, so long as the crown kept faith with the public ; for the crown would be compelled to take back, in payment of taxes, the identical instruments with which it had, in the first instance, discharged its liabilities. This would, therefore, keep up the national pound of the coun try at a uniform, inflexible value; and to assume that the crown, after having issued paper money, would demand gold in payment of taxes, was simply to assume that the compact between the rulers and the ruled was broken— that when protection to the subject was refused, allegiance was no longer due—in fact, it assumed a revolution, and was an hypothesis not to be intruded into an argument of a purely fiscal character. We certainly had this descrip tion of money, in principle, in daily circulation amongst us; there was scarcely an individual who did not handle it every day, in the shape or form of a postage stamp. The gross revenue of the post-office was two millions a year, and the whole might be collected by the means of postage stamps. The stamp, in itself, was intrinsically valueless ; but it derived value from the faith reposed in the authority by which it was circulated. A postage stamp placed upon a letter would, as was well known, carry a letter through any part of the country. Now, if we could raise two millions a-year fiscally through these intrinsi cally valueless stamps, why could we not raise four mil lions ; and if four, why not forty ? It was cletit that the principle of symbolic money was proved experimentally by these stamps ; and this was nothing more than one of the forms or modes through which such money might be used beneficially, without thp introduction of bulli on i sm . Th e penny stamp would only take a letter within the confines of the British dominions—it would not pass a letter from Calais to _Rome ; and precisely in the same way this taxa- tion money would not discharge debts due to the President of Prance, the President of America, or the Emperor of kussia—it would have no legal-tender power on the con tinent, and would therefore always remain at home, per forming the ftinctions for which it was originally issued. Nor would it be an advantage to hoard this money, be cause it would bear no interest.—Mr. Duncan's Lecture. RAILWAY AFFAIRS. aP A handsome silver epergne, valued at 150 guineas, has been presented to Robert Roy, Esq., late secretary of the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway by the officials of that com pany. LONDON AND NORTII-WESTERN.—A further portion of this company's Buckinghamshire railway, from the Claydon junction to within six miles of Oxford, will be opened on the 16th instant, and the remainder into Oxford by November. OPENING OF THE EAST LANCASHIRE RAILWAY. The branch of this railway extending from Preston to Lostock, and forming the company's independent en trance into Preston, was opened for public traffic on Monday. The line, on leaving the Preston terminus, takes two curves, and by passing by the new goods ware houses, and close under the vicarage, it merges into the valley of the Ribble. The river is crossed by a handsome iron bridge of three arches. Thence the line is conducted across the valley on a brick viaduct of 52 arches, and 30 feet in height. This, with a short embankment or two, spans the valley, and the line then enters a cutting on the Penwortham side, and passes over a tolerably level coun try to a place called Toad-lana, where it will diverge to the main line, one branch towards Liverpool, and one towards Blackburn. THE " NOVA MOTIVE."—A new mode of propulsion is being demonstrated at the Polytechnic Institution, con sisting of a series of carriages, carrying along with them a flexible tube, air-tight. This tube has a series of slide valves, entirely under the care of a guard, who, by levers, has perfect control over his train. Along the whole line of railway is laid a pipe, in connection with which a series of pistons are fixed between the rails, intended to receive the tube above-mentioned in its passage. In these pistons are atmospheric valves opening into the fixed pipe, which is always kept exhausted, so that when the train passes over the pistons, the slide-valves in the tube are opened by means of inclined planes communicating with the levers, which levers are raised up on the train passing —the atmosphere existing in the tube to supply the vacuum, and the train is impelled by external atmospheric pressure. MAYORALTY IN Low WATER.—At the half-yearly meeting of the Ambergate, Nottingham, and Boston and Eastern Junction Railway Company, last week, the fol lowing singular colloquy occurred :—Mr. Birley com plained that there was no public dinner to celebrate the opening of the line: He heard that there was a private dinner of the directors at Grantham, and that the mayors of Nottingham and Grantham were there in full canon icals" (laughter).—Mr, Hannay : I beg to contradict the canonicals ; for I lent the mayor a waistcoat (renewed laughter).—Mr. Birley : Which of the mayors ?—Mr. Hannay : The mayor of Nottingham.—Mr. Birley : I regret to hear it (a laugh). What a disgraceful thing to a town of 60,000 inhabitants, like Nottingham, with its extensive manufactures, and its commerce extending to every part of the globe, that in order to appear respect able on a public occasion, its mayor should be obliged to borrow a waistcoat (roars of laughter). CARNARVON AND BANGOR RAILWAY.—The custo mary parliamentary notices for the construction of a line of railway between the towns of Bangor and Carnarvon will be laid before the public at the beginning of the next session. This desideratum, which has been so often projected, and as often abandoned, will now, it is hoped, be carried out. The promoters, it is understood, have obtained the full sanction and concurrence of the directors of the Chester and Holyhead Company for their under taking, although their transactions are perfectly indepen dent of the latter. The proposed line will branch from the Chester and Holyhead railway at the Britannia Bridge, and, after passing Treboth and through a tunnel at Capel-y-Graig, will cross the road leading from Car narvon to Bangor, near to the Vaynol Lodge gate. It will then run nearly parallel to that road on the upper side, until it passes the inclined plane of Mr. A. Smith's railway at Port Dinorwic, when it soon after approaches the Menai Straits, continuing thence on to Carnarvon at a short distance from the shore. It is gratifying to state that all the great landowners on the line of way have signified their approval of the undertaking. THE TWEED RAILWAY VIADUCT.—This magnificent structure spans the broad valley of the Tweed at Berwick, and completes an imp°, t: nt Ink in the chain of railway communication between lonchn. and Edinburgh by the east coast. It forms tht norctiern extremity of the York Newcastle, and Berwick Rail vay. The foundation stone was laid on the 15th of Mby, 1847. The viaduct consists of twenty-eight semicircular arches, each of 61 feet 6 in. span, springing from lofty piers 8 feet 6 inches broad at the narrowest point. One half of the arches span the ri ver—here a broad and beautiful stream—and the remain der are built on the neighbouring land, south of the Tweed. The total length of the bridge is 2,160 feet, and its greatest height from the bed of the river, 126 feet 6 inches, includ ing the parapets. Its breadth between the parapets is 24 feet, allowing a double line of railway to be laid. The ap pearance of the arches is graceful. The quantity of tim ber used in the construction of the stone and timber tem porary bridges was not less than 300,000 cubic feet. The engineers-in -chief of this great work are Mr. Robert Ste phenson, M.P., and Mr. T. E. Harrison. The entire cost of the viaduct, amounting to about £200,000 has been borne by the York, NewcastL, and Berwick Railway Company. Her Majesty has christened the structure " The Royal Border Bridge." The old Berwick Bridge, which was built in the days of James 1., took 24 years in erection. COURT AND FASHION. THE COURT AT BALMORATL.-011 Monday, her Majes ty and Prince Albert took their usual early walk. His Royal Highness afterwards went out shooting. Her Majesty drove out in the afternoon, attended by the Marchioness of Douro. The younger members of the Royal Family went out walking. On Tuesday his Royal Highness went out shooting, accompanied by the Prince of Leiningen and Sir George Grey. Her Majesty drove out in the afternoon, in an open carriage, with the Prin cess Royal, the Princess Alice, and Prince Alfred. The Prince of Wales rode in the afternoon. During the whole of the week her Majesty and the Prince have been driving about the place and walking in the grounds, enjoying the beauty and quiet of the scenery, and inspect. ing the various improvements which have been made by their orders since the visit of last year. The Braemar gathering takes place on Thursday, when it is likely they will honour that festival with their presence. Earl Grey has returned to his seat, Howick-hall, Nor thumberland, from a tour. The Earl and Countess of Wilton and family arrived at Heaton Park on Tuesday. The Earl and Countess of Stamford and Warrington left Dunham Massey, Cheshire, for Enville, Staffordshire, on Wednesday last. The Duke of Wellington has been appointed by the Queen, Ranger and Keeper of St. J ames ' s P ar k and by Park, in the room of the Duke of Cambridge. On Thursday morning Mr. S. W. Theakston. proprie tor of the Scarborough Gazette. presented her Majesty with a copy of that paper, printed on rich white silk, and embroidered with dark blue fringe, containing a full ac count of the royal visit to Castle Howard. CORRESPONDENCE. THE MAIL MAIL AND THE CAR PROPRIETORS TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, SIB,--It may be no unenviable position to be in collision with the editor of the Mail ; the weapons which he wields are so fierce and uneeremonious, that no one Gan esteem it a pleasant thing to cross his path : sometimes, however, his sweeping censures are altogether so unmerited and ungenerous, that it would be unjust to the public to let them pass unheeded. • - • His publication of Saturday c on t a i ns some comments on the recent conduct of the car proprietors of this town. I do not hesitate to pronounce it an unjustifiable article; and the language which he employs looks and reads badly in they leading columns of an English Protectionist news paper. _ _ s proinpini y ht,ta:laiedreravtria ( attisontena t nhnich l iedwd i yergcnesa e uo.::howini o rnchwnnonc w tieoLofalhilpgeita n uuunreee—rit e snsity,evi r icnvitee s hnsomniheilhior o leemputie f tytcosee r.ernfsafhel c ,trertaeimel a tosiolsllposlbhmo r piramupnfu s uaencarres ) wlgni nitoegsmiyntitseanwaolatustnetnirin:bitmreiaimthtomet: imputation oodttpriyhuhep u ireeuaatsiraoi i sytpltet, l ltifay t i,edrinoo y tp rofaaminevroot conspi racyeaniwwueorelnfodrsip,osnf:tepers,isietraiiwtimhrmt: ntauatauuefhrvoti:sssl certain . . bgt simul taneously. eenteofiifeilunm.ocunyernsoeasf offered frn w luies 3l wsytmtduerr s i rduh.he t oemba h t cadnirnm h gchute d b ihi e i übs h rlerlaeeruen e taitl n ttmi:sheis c qoal eforth be sold at 2d. each copy,—what must he do? snateaaH mgree laynsofao,tnywr hsto:o6:sctdtahh.erie,rftdoopasr pier -head, c l ado r , -f O rhf Cl yaeo o afuodmr y u: a iwr i e d dhp. carriagel edd is remuneration era recommend mew u opt n ml. Ae e or n r fa licensed elt luggage dng remune rationatflgo ee r porter is allowed for carrying a bandbox off the landing editor of the Mail to try the experiment for three months, with about a dozen cars. But he says, when a car carries four persons it ought to be Is. a mile: "the coachman mustgiveandtaks." A very good principleofimpartiality acted upon; but it so happens that for what a car carries one, he must carry four and luggage: the giving is all on one side, the taking on the other, and that the wrong one! He hopes the " Council will resoluely adhere to their book of rates"! I h ope the committee of the Council will investigate the whole question fully and impartially, and that the Council will receive the suggestions they may make with due deference and consideration. I would not cto s eh u fm p eHas p pte o tee r icorb t ml a foregone emeietrteemeoonf conclusion y. investigation nor a m me ak an e t tr h i e ck a p a p n o d in a tm co e n nt a car in oa L nrce iv e Manchester. Bir mingham, and twice as much as one in he d r e igp s ho t oe h rl a dt t ho t ae h ns e ti f hn a r r e t e s itvi i em n rpe ß os oairls,mmbiunugtchhianamfos informs se d ui ns M ßt a hi n ar it the owner 2s. a day that I: makes neit her sum. The Ii ithane know daoc ntikuoonasr know cweaaxrdpfeahewyan :that expenses instnhebae belonging l l 0 1 iy i vn i e s agrl s i pwn t o a ga o t y e tl s o m al a e e sn carc a, sroa or about e eal fdyaocbmt be estimated at about Bs. a day , l eavin g for interest on his capital a nd the maintenance of his o t ff ha t t he man's rea l f v, a a, t l e hu c ee a a n ws n iml o la w nacy p c u ec r ap e rt h s a. iil i to e s buthacf'Cite: sim e p l y v a ap e r yel comparison Whoeverowi cent.nn is b t i i t fd L oirs h O ce e n on d u w v o nßi i n e l tut l s . i ' ,.) ehle'l foiled,i s says, proves for h is I believe desperate e li ev etha case; extrastand stands lurorewnsastnuhcdiesdieesdamad ri noen e f v ert o oy r all tpah er a t bnooefvxt .the t es w tma o nedtr passengers; ohpeoal irsr, i so that st a ha n at d t, a man sfterieaving his couipaty, and so gets a chance of obtain- Sep. ll,!1.1. - hil Or ing fares, what a ear in Liverpool is tskink.il o rsa Castle-street from Aigburth , Woolton, C i la , "",, n ' t el it of these outposts ! All this lost tim e is Prel—,filso London ; but yet the Mail will have mayer cOcliostf effectual lean tell sup t e h rv e i 5 .11 , / i Mail l e f t thatthe n o driversone but the very piace which presents so extra° contrasts. selves ; and in the event of the Council substitulii; equitable system for the ruinous rates they had (n_c 4 so d!, out many remonstrances):adopted, it will be tho ~, tc, because the interest, of owners to adopt some P'' protect the public as well as themselves. e is fairly chargeable upon the authorities; for wbilrer? One half of the evils which are imputed to th_dr. il , ell are about 400 cars, there are no less than 1,1 0 , 9_, noo l. persons licensed to drive hackney carriages in .1? 1 7frol, The evils of this state of thing s cannot bee aril There are many other thing s in the Mail so viola" yet so self-contradictory, that I pass them hY• . , 1 9 Of His beautiful language, such as " the conspiraw4, Liverpool," " the fools," &c. , as they contain no sa ment, require no observation . t. OP , er e 1 I will only further observe, that persons rib , - ena t a h p e a m om i n en r t u f i o n r , w th il e l ir no la t b h o e ur v s e . r w y which, if gaged in a business requiring an expensive ou tlet, that each person should not be asked or ma de to.f v i r e o employed in seeing the wealthiest part of the 1 , 1 0 on! contingencies, country, as well as of this town, of , ;: . „, fi ge, itsh mote an t h esno:ineu:s:t:brt,sll' and depending on precarious 1381,,,cept competency,—the fair, the legitimate conseq industry, anxiety, and toil.—l am, Si?, NISI . ' A PROTECTIO iftoitredwtsrthuteein:cleivi-14 THE " ORION" TRIAL• tig (From the Glasgow Citizes.) o by The result of this trial has been commented; jeolf entire Scottish press, as well as by man); °,f ne nt, ° li i journals throughout the kingdom. Their du° , et i oct te , as we have seen, is unanimous as to the 1 0 °P rt nd ‘ ll , O punishment awarded to the captain and se ar ° ole o / The opinion appears to be universal among ° ii !ce l lo, poraries, that officers of vessels are liable , l e , son and ilms the second mate through commiserations periloos Theyseas, without had both negligence or error of judgment resulting in jct. of fife, to be subjected to the doom of felons. jeo of It is admitted, nevertheless, that both CaptsiPobiettse are proPer,,l o l, performed , wit he s.. able success. Injury to a hair of any Pas' s `into ° •• s or was the last thing of which either dreamed. ,ligesfew. ter : the ship was run on the rocks throng!! 04 ,0 1 '4 miscalculation--of course, to the infinite &O a ', 11 81 'd accidentanern:llll°:: tA. ror of both—and these two unfortunate me,:etig!,,, escaped the engulfing waters, were last a'ef:rnas.l';, before the highest criminal judicatory of, h t : , iisP r° and condemned, the former to eighteen tonnins , , .eJ was hugging the shore too closelv undow , — c js ~is ment, and the latter to seven years' transporo" v io. Much of the evidence brought forward a t the o ei e to prove that the Orion, on the fatal n i g ht i. ill i i ,, 1 , 0 4 that noble vessel was steered towards. the r° er g wrecked, it was very sadly out of its coursewit; Robinson had no difficulty in proving thant,lenofo,oo taken by the Orion was not a safe course. 11 ' the n, O l nate ship seems to have been gomewhat nearer. ec k, 0 3 the habit of doing, ordering a dl3 than usual when Captain Henderson left !b e ts ioo t " he retired for a little rest, as he and other r it il o ntr t he been in to be kept, and directing that he should be r 0 see' ble weather became foggy. This, so far as been et „ D igb+ b , have l l' 0 the extent of his crime.i . Would he d ? • 0 for thus • going below had no accident occurre ,drit,.4 kles3 iir driver may be very properly pulled up for rec l i e d. • a li even although nobody is knocked down or 1 1 097 ofi t be the fact, then, of Captain Henderson going be , t ice 05 / 1 01 sufficient evidence of culpability ? The Pr a l c nride r ,oo ixigmg. for coaariy.- ,tains t- •we the dec 00;!_e,vbi b lined 0 ,Itg --g cap, „o lea. in dp „ circumstances whatever ; but was CaP'. B- 0 - tea . i ,, r l more guilty than his neighbours ? It " 5 the C f leC- " the Solicitor-General that he retired from et, sebl i p eri' his own risk." The second-mate, I ":“ ve `' cors e t - tot: 4 left in charge, was a steady man, of fift ec l'ok-a u j o the i ence, and before leaving he exhorted tbe . ° 0 bisf o cra vigilant. Moreover-, he merely lay deco It 15 on, in order to be ready at a moment's et ti . lig In, s s at bil bombast to charge such a man with Pe l4 'i l boce,7 / 16 , He might, it is true, have trusted to ro own ; but how can we look upon him 9 5 3 %jog CE: O 4l 6 ' had no apprehension of dancer. The 11g°' deg' burst suddenly upon his little snatch of sleeuP'peo th° he then dared and suffered is for no cerarec°fra, ap c bes , cribe. He was the first to spring to tb•-: last to leave the wreck, and his reward is s' e h is in 5 ,,d, blasted prospects, and eighteen dreary n' °u `,,J-r i nsl l b° By what extraordinary fatality the S emi ctl direct' p loca of across from headland to headland, Hams, in the absence of the captain boYiaselfel, us as to some error in the ship's course, round the curve of Porteat ile fess ° u " be se ' we P r %ted f ° a ce $ 1 unable to comprehend. The defence al ie nro compass p rove" A 0 1 7 ge t .r e. all. It was perhaps heatimporta to keep r:. - gols„,:elr, il order to save the tide, and probablf '"Jis s Thc9i e ",l proximity to the shore, the existence of the fatal rocks. As ther e 13 - aye in u l- o ve tu on the coast, it is conceivable that he mt . ,' ttlei r i e d o d latcd its distance ; but the sailors rernar s ',o Portpatrick. Nevertheless, there was . 11 ,, v ,tie he i. 5 t u t r foolhardiness or bravado. The fatal cli,No o ',o o ,a the vessel appears to have been such ,asaP - „ tii% r blunder as men sometimes comm i commit to tbriatial ia tel`" none more than themselves. Crimina l ;00 1 ' c itScL ii i ; and the dange r elw i irre fi n id was. and could be none ,• but the erro , •ble in , years' hard service through cause arising, was beyond. expression ter ft aft, e ol,l' sequences ; and the poor bewildered sai l° jg Pi c i. o att"' from the wild sad wreck which his 0ne, b4) .,,g int ° fri lessness and stupidity had occasioned, ter" - r eina ir t- 00 Oa dock, and condemnedthe 3 ° s ' bre fw to cross family and friends, the companion of h°u tw' t b,. swindlers t , These views may not be popular; 5 , binel i otherwise than we feel. We think the Pu n ' f otn' t %ate 1 1 1 case, uselessly and cruelly severe. N ° a ,piar t° cal and mental suffering heaped upon the - 7.leith e t enti oa fivers of the Orion can restore a single lily' ev il Woe° it to solace a single mourner. where n e s , r ecag r otr i existed, and no moral guilt is alleged , s' ec • oet bat a no vo i s t ground for revenge. But for a vague ',clan ae, a r demanded by the general safety, our 0 3 .1 1 , woe tio tiv involves an injustice which public ein,_ ° , s ever eP i tee sanction. We doubt, however, whether tn r boo ffe, ef ro!! ment—not, be it observed, of drunken ° Hly fata` o (t! rity—but of unintentional, though ,rikearormofessi°,.°t cod will produce the effect supposed. ." e While ' c hilli sailor is already sufficiently hazardous; as few,,,00% vates reckless and adventurous spirits, , tf„d fore w t ofe e for young men of great natural caution;hls 005 d a,,,, —the qualities most needed at sea. No ro ve e m pi ' pG tory state of matters is little likely to be 7 n anag s, taching to mere accidental neglect °r. natur e n atur e fort , penalties which, to all noble and sensirl_th. Ale t be be more appalling than shipwreck Or d a ,if, 0 , 0 0(_ 0 1 temptation to become mates and etrPt 3l % priata - 0 0 '1 all weathers, ur,oo,feiurs intentions, they may, by any accident or 5 , 1 e c i egrot c e,, eyes, a miscalculation of the judg men dden l Y rse l io pa impression of an ill-defined duty — b e su yor t • •tuo bit to the fate of piekpockets and burglars l as to al part we should certainly hesitate to train ou r . so re ore in which, if they escaped drownlng, a prison or the hulks. their toga amountamo among ig t ; he an se d ltle a r i —.- STATE OF TRADE• tor/ neat"tle or --- .11 and Or t Dr MANCITESTER.—We have had li un.. , oni e 11,...,0e o s, week, both in yarns and goods. Neither the I , Vond the supply of their more pressing 'c ant s • ; n con sici ffee ° ero ness of the last five days has, therefore, beep ',n to _,400,i, reign buy ers hare possessed sufficient confldeneibe teeerprorapito succon .e orders In c oseil ork, , constantly reducing ft. n inr itl •g• and manufacturers have naturally s hcrwn a reg illar OP P 0 0 tion to meet the buyers. A good deal Of 3 ept , liCS n ioofg their vhrying views of the future. or their d ....._,.... s owl uj itiO . , Will BCt i fferes it 91" W ee ee holders of stocks or otherwise; but lower ralc in e,s, sl ie lei . * last week have been acceded to for printinF_l. and the domestics, and most other descriptions of cl?!".; n rnsi: of 2 general statement holds good in reference Ralik aid vve r ient`o sellers, as thomt-heenporwicehathdeyttiree inhilancvsopro however, having yielded ' but liftle,WarDsieco eXqere,Po( medium and lower connts, the most. Th e e n yeraeo t nsiO S oi in foreign markets from the retrograde. n) .hou spe rn do,,g now reacting on our own market, by MO ' to the 07 orders which would otherwise be posing 1 6 1) , w bethe l 'ost e ..ng producers. In the department of fine theYg ge riers 00 ', - ,0 or doubled, we still have an exception to _.,, i . itiel_ 05 , :,6 things, not that much is being done in them, for nil taL i e . o..T o to be met with, but they are much sou*ht a!';'. s ad. I :: i ntP for shipment to Russia is rapidly running n_,i,4017 ~ 00, kinds of cloth there appears to be a little Ma,. 1§ 0 0 11 0 the last day or two. go re v iof 0 0 ROCHDALE.-50 brisk was the demand ff . r . . leire n 0 0 it s j, day, that the pieces were all cleared out 1 • - the WI dell i si ° 11/ the forenoon. The wool market is much . LEEDS.—The woollen trade is brisk, the su d e e li c y ta• i bei/ s P o g been for some weeks past, both as regards Pt2513,511;e3.101.-0.,/, equal to the demand, and prices having a telL nt i o ain,,,„,b BRADFORD.—WooI : There is but little aniwro, pri , . e or, chase of combing wools, which are held fo o t 2 1 1 ..eno rroir t i the difficulty of continues at prices f 03 , 7 3 7,ii5s l i ioc 1 4, the cast in the country. unabategrestront 'cr, are without change. Yarns: The spinner 0 0Q, o, in getting an advance to cover the cost of I l'focisatllre gap vance that has been realised has been very rv i l n nera .4 ili illi ded. There is no stock on hand, and the sP i5ae01...,,, it rally working to order. Pieces: ThereSrno 13 _ in ow - o r demand for goods, and there is a groat firmnesa teodincterio an upward tendency. nder a t 000. HALIFAX. —Although there was out a ide re 0 00_,bic d i. buyers in the Piece Hall on Saturday , worstedet t he tr ade , n 04 alteration in the general state of the Woolser7ot steady and healthy. The demand for Vim ar e . 0, minution, and prices are without alteration. i.inuelts.bisfi'for quiet, and the quotations show considerable ll_ doin gi .. . e t i o HUDDERSFIELD.—We have had a fair traneves, pat; 0 010 The market begins to wear a better We* n. 1,0 ie Of the coming season meet with ready purchaser.,,.e trap and fancys continue to have the best sale -4 " week has been an average one. P.- ii ,Or -----"'".-- -If _4l ........m."......___ _ _______sa several vB betweenor anawl BOAT a u ß n A d crewcr hundred d . il thwoea too" At , - _ a d ss amateur crew from Egrernont, in t , he di9vl SeacOrabe' .. 1 1, - 0 W.. 01 rowedL. The stakes were £lO a-side, ancl i ,„ gay' Rscliofois.No of E Tt igiiireee contest, lateo o n n t et: Captain bt Ferry aeiant itmnoghee iil : o:p t io, t ob rer ho back, about two miles. Shortly after start'"" in Di c u o n m t be men gained an advantage, theirw tbel 0 00 two daughters, was among the Itit b of' THE lady and • ofort uf/ e . e . to h e - bi ferers, lately caused a handsome mausoleum,. of4ool upon a prominent rock in the island of G, n 'i sow o el ,4 he was the proprietor. He wished it to 'ee,cootrcet size to entomb six, but it was reported by t"'woold l e taro that, owing to thtecessarily limited site( it _ ee rily am no more tha our, and his suggestion 1019,4jd phi adopted. The st cture had referreds conlVd, 0 13 _, 0 , that melancholy catastrophe to occarreploo 0.- -On aOrbdnosa:men Thursday from a boat i ce . ,i _ the .4114 receptacle of the dead are deposited ethee 1 3 0 111° the . gallant captain and the three member 0. family who perished with him. t 1 ,a ri /lel C, 0 Th„