The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-02-28 00:00:00

ENGLISH AND IRISH CHURCH AND UNIVERSITY ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 18, BASINGHA.LL-STMEET, LONDON, 11111. E following are the LEADING ADVANTAGES offered to ASSU R E RS by this s i r ° O C R IETIL 2-- PANTIES DESIROUS OF DISCONTINUING the payments Of EVERY VARIETT OF PROPOSAL IS ENTERTAINED ASSURANCES contingent on one, two, or three lives. Policies Premiums may dispose of their Policies to the. Society, who , are granted from £2O upwards. will pay them the equitable value of such Pdlicies in ready THE RATES OF PREMIUM have been settled b the eminent money, or they may o bt a i n a NEW PoLicy assuring a smaller y amount NOT REQUIRING ANT FURTHER PAYMENTS. actuary, ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A..5., and are very MODERATE. Assurances on the Lives of CLERGYMEN ?ERE ASSURED FORM TWO CLASSES in this Society, the one scan be effected at LOWER RATES OF PREMIUM than those on participating, the ether not participating in the profits, thus .ordinary lives. The payments of Premiums may be annual, securing, at choice, ail the advantages of the Mutual and Pro lialf-yearly, quarterly, or monthly, at choice, or the composi- prietary Offices. lion Premium, commonly. called the single Premium, can be PARTIES ASSURING BY THE PROFITS SCALE are entitled to adopted. Or, should it be desired, the payment may be made Stymy PER CENT. of the entire profits of the Institution on an ascending or descending scale, according to the various WITHOUT PARTNERSHIP LIABILITY as in the Mutual Offices. 'circumstances of the Assured. LOANS ARE MADE by this Society upon personal or real A DIMINUTION of half-a-year is MADE ON ¶RE AMOUNT security, and advances are made to Assurers to enable them lop PREMIUM when persons assure within six Falendar months to meet the expenses of EDUCATING their CHILDREN AT THE IDf their last birth-day. UNIVERSITIES, or to start them in professions. HALF THE ANNUAL PREMIUM may be kept unpaid for the Should the ASSURED become so reduced in circumstances /int seven years at five per cent. interest by parties assuring their lives by the profits scale. as to be UNABLE TO CONTINUE THE PAYMENT OF HIS PRE POLICIES EFFECTED FOR SHORT TERMS OF YEARS can, at situate, provided the Policy shall have acquired a sufficient the expiration of such terms, be renewed for the whole of life value, the Directors have power, on application being made tau very equitable terms. to them, to supply the remaining Annual Premiums from a POLICIES TAKEN OUT FOR THE WHOLE OF LIFE MAY BE Charitable Fund formed by setting aside One•tenth of the TRANSFERRED FROM ONE LIFE TO ANOTHER 011 a plan peen- Profits'that may from time to time fall to the share of the liar to this Office. Assured. No ENTRANCE FEES, and the expense of the POLICY TWENTY PER CENT. of the entire Profits of the Institution STAMP DEFRAYED BY THE OFFICE. are devoted to furthering the objects of the" FILMED OF TEE MILITARY AND NAVAL MEN, not in active War Service, CLERGY SOCIETY." CLERICAL ASSURERS, therefore, have are insured at the ordinary rates. not only the satisfaction of feeling that they are securing at INVALID LIVES, not labouring under organic disease, may their Death the payment of a sum of money to their repre erect Policies at equitable rates. sentatives, but also that they are contributing to the funds of ASSURANCES granted against PARALYSIS, BLINDNESS, an Institution in the benefits of which either themselves or Isrsitarry, ACCIDENTS, and every other affliction, bodily or their families may participate, should they be placed in ad mental, in the event of a party becoming totally and abso. verse circumstances. The objects of the " Friend of the lately disabled and incapacitated. Clergy Society" being to afford temporary assistance to neces- FIDELITY-GUARANTEE POLICIES granted in connexion sitous Clergymen and their Families, and to grant permanent with Life Assurance. pensions to Widows and Orphan unmarried Daughters of THE ASSURED MAY RESIDE, without any extra charge, in Clergymen of the Established Church. all parts of Europe (Turkey and the Levant excepted). Also ENDOWMENTS FOR CHILDREN on their attaining the age In the CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, APSTRALIA, THE CA NADAS, Of 14 or 21, and PROVISIONS FOR OLD AGE (by which a party and all except the more southerly STATES OF NORTH secures to himself a sum payable on hi, attaining the age of AMERICA, subject only to a small payment for voyage risk in go or 65, or to his family, in case of his previous death) are going out and coming home. The Assured may also proceed granted by this Society. to and reside in ANY OTHER COUNTRY, 011 payment of such extra Premiums as may be considered by . the Board of , ANNUITIES GRANTED increasing with a share of PROFITS, the rates being calculated from extensive data specially "Directors to be adequate to the increased risk thereby in curred. obtained and arranged for the use of this Office. CLERGYMEN and others can obtain ADVANCES to assist . ALL CLAIMS BY DEATH are paid by this Society at the them in PURCHASING ADVOWSONS, OF to make impalas ON expiration of three calendar months after receipt at the TAPSONAGE mounts, and other tenements on Church Pro- Office of satisfactory evidence of death. - verty. 16 20 25 30 35 -10 45 s. d. 2 13 1 3 2 9 3 17 2 4 19 9 6 16 10 10 9 7 £ s. d. 2 6 3 2 13 0 3 4 0 3.19 4 5110 6 19 2 10 12 6 £ 0. d. 2 1 5 2 6 11 2 15 3 3 6 7 4 1 11 5 5 0 7 3 1 10 17 7 4 s. d. 1 18 0 2 2 7 2 9 6 2 18 3 3 9 10 4 5 11 5 10 0 7 9 7 n 5 9 e 6, d. 1 15 10 1 19 10 2 5 9 2 13 1 3 2 4 3 14 8 4 12 2 5 18 3 8 0 - 1' 11 18 6 1 / 4 TRTJ Robert Makin Bates, Esq., (Messrs. Straban, Paul; and Bates.) Thomas W. Booker, Esq., M.P. for Herefordshire. _ —ES. • • The Rev. 3. E. Coy, M.A., F.S.A., St:Helen's, Bishopsgate. The Rev. M. W. Lusignan, M.A., Allhallows the Great & Less. TORS. The Rev. M. W. Lusignan, M.A., Allhallows the Great and Less. The Rev. Richard Whittington, M.A., St. Peter's, Cornhill. AUDITORS. W. W. Deloitte, Esq., Accountant to the Great Western Railway Company, &c. The Rev. Walter Mitchell, M.A., St. Bartholomew's Hospital. STANDING COUNSEL. I J. G. Phillimore, Esq,, M.A., Q.C., M.P. for Leominster. K ERS. and Bates, 217, Strand. SURGEON. William Guest Carpenter, Esq., 50, Finsbury-square. STG COUNSEL. ow of .Queen's College, Cambridge. SOLICITOR. Charles Sawbridge, Esq. Wood-street, Cheapside. BROKER. Robert Peake, Esq., 3, Bartholomew-lane, Bank. Friend of the Clergy,) 18, Posinghall-street, DIRE The Rev. J. E. Cox, M.A., F.S.A. St. Helen's, Bishopsgate. The Rev. A. G. How, Vicarage, Bromley. John Ireland, F.sq., Canterbury-row, Newington. Richard Maline, Esq., Q.C., M.P. for Wallingford: . . . - . _ BAN] Messrs. Strahan, Paul, PHYSICIAN. C. J. B. Aldis, Esq., M.D., 1, Chester-terrace, Chester-square. i CONVEYANCI. James N. Goren, Esq., M.A., Felk CONSULTING ACTUARY. Arthur Scratchley, Esq., M.A., Parliament-street. SURVEYOR. E. W. Gooch, Esq.. Connaught-terrace. ____ . . .. SECR] Stephen J. Aldrich, Esq., (Secretary to the WHOLE LIFE. ANNUAL PREMIUMS to Assure; « A SPECIAL TA £lOO on a Single Life, WITH ; BLE bas been calcu. PROFITS.* lated from original data for CLERGY- Annual MEN desirous of in. Premium. curing their Lives. -- The Rates will be s. (1. furnished on applica. 3 1 7 4 13 7 6 tion to the Secretary. 3 14 11 t 73 6 , 9 2 3 11 15 0 TABLE I. Anrual Premium. £ s. d. 1 14 6 45 1 IS CI 50 2 3 1 55 2 9 1 60 2 16 4 65 3 5 7 70 TABLE H. ENDOWMENT ASSUE ANNUAL PREMIUMS to Assure .€ payable on ATTAINING the following the event of death, WITH Ages. 50 I 55 f 60 LANCES. 100 on a Si ages, or 101 PROFITS. inele Life, , ONIIII in LOCAL DIRECTOR FOR LIVERPOOL.. The Rev. HENRY HAMPTON, M.A., Incumbent of St. James's, Toxteth-park. AGENT DITTO .. FRANCIS HORNER, Esq., Solicitor, 2, Chapel-street. MEDICAL REFEREE DITTO .. JOHN HEY, Esq., 2, Erskine-street. SURVEYOR DITTO .. H. P. HORNER, Esq., 8, Barnett-street. PROSPECTUSES, and all NECESSARY FORMS, with every information as to the mode of effecting Assurances, may be -obtained, either by letter or personal application to STEPHEN J. ALDRICH, Secretary, at the Office, 18, Basinghall street, London; or to FRANCIS HORNER, Esq.. Agent. A small number of Shares, price el each, entitling the Holder to Annual Dividends and periodical Bonuses, will be issued to parties of respectability. ------ INSTANCES WHERE LIFE ASSURA I.—To HUSBANDS AND FATHER!, to insure a provision alter their death, for their. Wives and Children. 2.—To YOUNG MEN, to make a provision for their old age. 3.—To PARENTS, to insure certain sums payable on their children attaining the age of 14 or 21, whereby the ready .means for starting them in life may be obtained at a much smaller annual payment to an Assurance Society, than would be necessary, were they to attempt to realize the same sum .by putting it into any other species of investment, as a sav ings' bank, &c. ; Assurance Companies charging a smaller sum, as they take into account the chance of the child's -idying before attaining the specified age. This kind of As ssnrance is called an ENDOWMENT, and can be effected by one single payment, or by a series of Anneal Payments or Pre-, =rims to he made until the child attains the specified see. 4.—To PARTNERS IN FIRMS, who, by Assuring their Joint -Lives, can secure a sum parable at the death of the first, tchich will enable the surviving partner to pay off the claims of the Widow of the deer aced upon the .firm. s.—To SECURE the return of advances made for educating and establishing the younger members of a family in the world :—this is effected by Assuring the life of the child educated, so that, should it die young, the parent map recover from an Assurance Company the money spent upon it ; if it live there is a polity of a certain standing on its life, which 'nay be continued in the usual way, and as it ices begun at an Jew!, age, the annual premium would be small. G.—To CREDITORS, who, by Assuring the amount due to -them, can, .by a trifling outlay, secure a compensation for the loss which the death of their debtors might occasion. I.—To BORROWERS,tO provide,in case of dea th,a sum to repay the loan. This is the usual way in which money is now bet -wowed on personal' security. The borrower, Say for .eioo, assures his life for at least 4 , 200, and gives personal security in the shape of two'orthreejoint sureties with himself, for the due payment, aunpally, of interest at five per cent. on the money borrowed, and instalments thereon, and the premiums of the Assurance. B.—To POSSESSORS OF ENTATLED ESTATES, WhO tan be. vneath provisio , s for the younger members of their family, by essintring suitable amounts on their own lives, 9.—TO THE EXPECTANTS OF PROPERTY IN REVERSION, NCE IS PECULIARLY APPLICABLE. to secure a portion, at least, to their families, should they die before they themselves enter into possession. 10.—To PARTIES WHO EXPECT TO RECEIVE SUMS OF MONEY should they live over a eel lain number of years, as for example :—A person aged 30 is entitled to a share, amou ing to €5OO, in the Renewal Fine of a Lease, which is pays at the expiration of three years from the present time. This share he would lose should he die within that period. To secure his family against that loss, he bas only to take out a temporary Policy of Assurance on his life for the three years, and by the trifling annual payment of £6 4s. Id. he assures the .€5OO ; so that, should he die before the end of the three years, the office pays his family the £5OO, and should he live, he will come into his share of the fine, the amount of which he will, however, have rendered safe from loss by his death, by an outlay of €lB 13s. 9d. altogether. 11.—THE HOLDERS OF A LEASE, which is renewable on payment of a certain fine, at the death of the first or last of two or three lives, can, by a trifling annual payment, assure in an office the necessary sum. Example :—The holder of a lease would have to pay a fine of €lOO to renew it at the death of the first of two lives, aged 15 and 35. He can provide for its payment by an annual premium of €3 78. od., so that, should one of the lives in the lease die even the day after the first premium has been paid, he would receive from the ENGLISH AND IRISH CHURCH AND UNIVERSITY ASSURANCE SOCIETY £lOO. (See Table of the Society's Prospectus.) 12.—1 N MOST COPYHOLD PROPERTIES, on the death of the tenant, his successor cannot be admitted except on payment of a Fine. In many instances the sudden death of the tenant has put his successor to great difficulty in procuring the re. quired sum ; an Assurance effected on the life of the tenant, by himself or his successor, would provide for this di ffi culty, and by a small annual outlay; 13.—1 N CASES OF MARRIAGE SETTLEMENT Life Assurance may also be particularly advantageous :—Suppose a gentle man, twenty-six years of age next hirth-day, be engaged to a lady whose fortune is €3,500, and that the whole be required to be settled on her at their marriage, let et,ooo be vested in trustees, and with the annual interest let them assure €2,500 on the life of the husband. The remaining €2,500 of her fortune can be placed at his command at once, as, at his I death, his wife will still be in possession of €3,500. MILNERS' NEW PATENTS. 1851. MILNERS' PHCENIX (212°) SAP EWORKS, LIVERPOOL . The moat extensive and complete in the World; employing from Two to Three Hundred Hands. assisted Ly powerful, original, and elaborate Machinery and Implements adapted for every branch of the WOrk. Established fo 'carrying out the important " Improvements" under Milners' New Patents (of September, 1951—the close of the Great Exhibition) to the interior and exterior of their " HOLDFAST" and FIRE-RESISTING SAFES; and for supplying to the ablic the Strongest Safeguards against FIRE, ROBBERY, or VIOLENCE extant, at the LOWEST Plum consistent with -*he most PERFECT EFFICIENCY and SECURITY. GROUP OF MILNERS' FIRST-CLASS " HOLDFAST" AND FIRE-RESISTING SAFES, THE STRONGEST WROUGHT-IRON SAFEGUARDS AGAINST ROBBERY AND FIRE ERTANT, OF VARIOUS SIZES, SUITABLE FOR ALL CLASSES. GREAT FIRE IN BELFAST. "Messrs. MUSORAVE, BROTITERS.-GENTLEMEN,-At your request, I beg to state, for the information of the public, `that the only property s ave d f rom the late fire, in the premises of Thomas S. Major and Co.. was that contained i n one of J&ilners' Patent Safes. From the intense nature of the lire, and the length of time the Safe was exposed, to the action of the oiles,' I was fully convinced of the destruction of the books and papers it contained ; and feel very great pleasure in testify jar to this extraordinary instance of their preservation. I may add, that the Safe was placed on the third story, without any protection, where aremained till the floor was burnt around it, when it fell to the room beneath. the floor of which was like- Vale destroyed by the fire. — Yours truly, "JAMES S. HUNTER, "Executor of the late Thomas S. Major, of the Firm of Thomas S. Major and Co. , . s' Belfast, January 2nd, 1854." TRr umplIANT RESISTANCE TO ROBBERS, AT "'MESSRS. BUTTERWORTH AND BROOKES'S, MANCHESTER. ..s /R ,—Last night our Premi ses were entered by b urg l ars, who made a desperate attempt upon the Miners' Holdfast Safe we bought from yo u some ti me s i nce ; and, although they evidently had recourse to all the usual appliances of accom vhished thieves, and.ultmiately to_gunp . owpe r In abundance, we are glad to say with no other e ff ect than to injure the lock— thefound quhe imprachcable. opening of the Safe they he enabled to express our unqualified approbation of the Safe ; we believe it is impregnable to thieves. " We are happy to will be Of Service to you, you are at liberty to refer to us, and to make any use you please of " If our verbal testimony " InirrERWORTH and 'BROOKES. *his communication.—Yours respectfully, "76, Mosley-street, Manchester, Oct ober: 22nd, Ism." ...._ "THOS. MILNER and SON select the following severe cas es a l y s T u o c rit c i : e s mr d ps u ha l afe t n r s i t a t l ihee o an f is t ti l l i n e en i ic r re S ot a wo f i e ß, s ow f b r ob o u m eirds. b hG u av n iae d s r fg e ao d i s of Certificates of ow Great Richard utility, as instances in which they believe th at , Great Fire at the Gunn Percha Company_ son and Co. 'Great Fire in Haydon-square, Coubro ani Potter. lturglarious Attempt at the Bridgewater Offi Great Fire in Marketstreet, Manchest er , Thos. Haigh. _ce .. s. 'Great Fire at the London andNorth-Western attqway Station, Destructive Fire i n P ar k- lane, Liverpool, Garniss and Co. Coventry. , Entire Destruction of Offices at Birkenhead, including c on - AlGreat Fire at Cape Haiti, W. D. Roberts and Co . tents of stron g Safe and D rawers, Milners' standing beside al arglarions Attempt at the Theatre Royal, Manche ster. it, red hot outside, but con tents unsinged, J. and W. Great Fire at Gl a s g ow, Ch as . B o yd an d Son. Walker. • Destructive Fire in Gordon-street, Glasgow, Ker Doering & Co. MILNERS' FIRST-CLASS STRONG " HOLDFAST" AND FIRE-RESISTING f.AFES AND CHESTS, lIALF-INCH THICK WROUGHT IRON OUTSIDE ; Constructed in the strongest manner, -fitted with the New Patent Expanding Doors and Continuous Groove, at extra cost. MILNERS' HOLDFAST AND FIRE-RESISTING SAFES AND CHESTS, H a lf-inch Doors ; Quarter - inch Bodie s . MILNERS's THIEF AND FIRE-RESISTING SAFES AND CEESTS, Of medium strength ; -1 Doors, 10 and 12 guage Bodies. All the abov e qualitie s with Improved Impregnable Pow d er -proof Locks. MILNERS' FIRE-RESISTING BOOK-CASES AND CHRSTS. • MILNERS' PORTABLE ONE-CHAMBERED FIRE-RESISTIN,G .B.OXE-S,. HOBBS' LOCKS, 10s. each extra. SHOW- ROOMS. LORD-STREET, LIVERPOOL. LL°l93°ll DE I ) OT 411 4.. 47A. MOORGATE4TREET, CITY. Liturpoof tanbarb. TUESDAY MORNING, FEB. 28, 1854. LIMITED' UNLIMITED LIABILITY. THE important question of limited patine, ship liability its exciting a very considerable share of public attention, .and the more so from the over-temperate zeal which ap pears to have animated those who have takena prominent -part on either -Side. As a subject which may materially affect many .mercantile operations, it has very properly 'been taken up by the Liver Pool Chamber of Cbrmnerce, by whom it has been discussed at much length ; but, in offering any observations upon it, we shall do so without reference to the opinions which have been expressed by the -several speakers, most of whom seem to have shaped their arguments th reference to their particular mdivi dual interests, rather than the bearing of the whole sub ject upon the .mercantile community. It may be pre ' raised that partnerships of limited liability are by no means unknown to this country—the Bank of England is a striking instance—the Church of England Assurance Company enjoys the privilege by its Act of Parliament, and, indeed, every zoorporation, whether founded by Act of Parliament or by Royal Charter, is a partnership of limited liability. The advocates for retaining a system of unlimited liability argue, with great justice, that it is simply a question of honesty, whether two or more persons should do that conjointly which they could not do indivi dually—whether they-should adventure for profits without being liable for lossesi and whether, if the privilege of nonpayment of debts he given to a partnership, any valid reason can be assigned why it should not be given also to individuals. It cannot be denied that such reason would be unanswerable if the admission of limited liability be made to apply, as its advocates demand, after either the French or American systems, where the title to the prin ciple depends upon the will of the projectors, and is valid after some form of public announcement. Such an alter ation of the law, it is justly asserted, would open the door to a multitude of rash speculations, involving not only shareholders, but their unsuspecting creditors in ruin, and render far more disastrous than they have hitherto proved, those bubble manias which occasionally seize reflecting Englishmen—which inflict a heavy blow and great discouragement on commercial credit, and involve many a hapless widow and orphan in irretrievable loss of their means of subsistence. It is a fact of which Eng land has some reason to be proud, that while both in France and in America, where partnerships of limited liability are common in commercial speculations, failures form the rule, and success the exception ; here, where every man who seeks a profit Pledges all he is worth to the credit of the speculation, the reverse is the case, and failures form the exception. If, indeed, it is impossible in ordinary mercantile transactions but that credit should be given to those who adventure in speculation, and losses should ultimately result where profit was expected, it is certainly not only justice, but common honesty, that those who would have shared the gains, had there been any, should bear the loss rather than it should fall on innocent credi tors. To make such an alteration in the law as is pro posed by those who hold out France and America as examples, would be to afford a direct encouragement to scheming adventurers, to sap the foundation of that commercial credit which enabled England to stand the shock of a world in arms, and to foster a spirit of rash speculation, which it is the policy of our commercial laws to restrain as far as possible. If under the existing system, where the risk encountered must operate as a prudential check, such a spirit of adventure was evoked as led to the monetary panic of 1826, caused by foreign mining companies and other bubbles ; the corn speculation of 1828, the commercial panic of 1837 ; the railway mania of 1845 ; and the monetary panic of 1847, how direful must have been the consequences had a system of limited liability been per , mitted to prevail, changing, perhaps, the direction of the blow, but only to involve a larger number of more innocent victims. It has been abundantly shown that legitimate enterprise requires no such stimulant; the love of adventure is still a predominant passion when large profits are looming in the distance, and the law, in im posing unlimited liability upon those who claim a right to the expected gains, does but guard against the losses being thrown upon those who should neither in justice nor in equity be Subject to them. While, therefore, for palpable reasons, the position assumed by those who argue for the retention of unlimited liability is founded on reason, justice, and common sense, as well as on sound policy, it must not be presumed that there are not many exceptions, admitted in 'practice, but each judged of according to its own merits. Thirfinited liability has been always the rule in England but up to within a very recent time, it was the practice, when a Company or Association was formed for a par- . Ocular object, to _apply to the Government for a Royal Charter of Incorporation,' or to the Legislature for a private Act of Parliament, by which the liability of the partners was limited to their respective shares. In such cases it will be seen that limited liability was an admitted principle, dependent only in its application on the will of the Government or the Parliament. Since, however, Mr. CARDWELL was appointed to the presidency of the Board of Trade, he has opposed the grant of such privileges in cases similar to those where they had been previously allowed, and by his refusal in the instance of the Canadian Steam Navigation Company, which was formed for the establishment of a line of screw-steamers between this port and Canada, led to the animated discussion which is now taking place, on the propriety of altering the law on this subject. It will be remembered that the application for a charter conferring limited liability on the company referred to, was opposed by several remonstrances from parties largely interested in steam-shipping, on the ground that it was an unfair preference to one company over many others, in which the shareholders were subject to unlimited liability, and that if the trade between Liver pool and Canada was sufficiently remunerative, there was no lack of capital and enterprise to undertake it without exclusive privileges—objections which were met by the rejoinder, that the Cunard line in particular had the ad vantage of a subsidy from the Government for the mail contract service, while the traffic on . the Canada line was not of itself sufficient to justify a large outlay, without some protection against heavy losses to individual share holders. Without entering into any comments on the merits of the respective arguments, pro. and con., we may state that the opposition was successful, the charter of in corporation was refused, and the company obtained their object by an act of the Canadian legislature. The subject gave rise to much discussion, in which Mr. BROWN, M.P. for South Lancashire, took a prominent part, and the government issued a commission to inquire into Mercantile Law, one of the points of investigation being the subject of limited liability partnership. Pending this inquiry, a demand has been made and enforced, by pamphlets and Other means, for an alteration of the law, so as to assimi late it to that of the United States, which provides for the voluntary incorporation of individuals for the purposes of manufacture, insurance, the construction of railways, Ace., rendering the stockholders exempt from all liabilities beyond debts due to workmen and servants. This altera tion is insisted, on upon the broad grounds of general utility, rather than its applicability to particular cases, and the right of government to decide upon its appli cation is broadly denied. This may, therefore, be considered as the question at issue, and parliament may be called upon to decide whether, in future, sleeping partners may be earning the profits of adventurers, 'and at the same time be free from all liability beyond the amount of their capital embarked. On such a point we have no hesitation in deciding in the negative, inasmuch as it would at once destroy that confidence in unlimited responsibility, which, however imperfectly it may occasion ally operate, constitutes the great safeguard of commercial credit. Under stick a law it would not be difficult to suppose a case where the capital might be found by sleep ing partners, in a speculative concern, drawing at one time enormous profits, and leaving subsequent debts to the liability of active partners, worth little or nothing, the deluded creditors being the real sufferers. Under the proposed system such cases would be of no uncommon occurrence, until credit would be shaken and commercial houses suspected, for the very cause which some of them now seek to establish. We could mention an instance where a Whig nobleman, now deceased, entered into large building speculations to improve his own estate, at a time when such adventures more often resulted in losses than in profits. His steward was, however, put forward as the principal, and, in course of time, became bankrupt ; his lordship, as a creditor, obtained a dividend from the estate ; the unfinished buildings were purchased at a merely no minal price, and the heir of the cunning Whig now enjoys the profits of the vast improvements effected at the expense of the steward's creditors. A law of limited liability would but legalise such transactions, and all the advantage attempted to be gained would be to deprive the nominal lender of capital of his right to prove on the bankrupt estate as a credito r . A point 'has endeavoured to be set up by those who advocate a system of limited liability, that it would encourage a un i on of workmen possessing small caPital in factories, and thereby render strikes. awl corn' 1 dnnintijk±, 1 ~, 0. i , iii,!iii:.7„ll...liiiiliiiii,, ii_.., .4,,,...._ ,! mmiumoon il iiii,l ~,,w) ----.. , v ...,. i l 7 ; 11, 1 , ,,, , ,, t. ! ,,,,,,,.1 ; _____ l , l 4 ; .v..".;. 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Such an argument is abanrclly ridiculods, for if masters were willing to-receive their workmen as partners, the latter, who have nothingto lose but the capital they have em barked, can never:be deterred by any liabilities under the present system. The objections raised by Mr. CALnwnta, to granting the-special privileges conferred by Charters of Incorporation, may, or may not, be founded in 'justice with reference to the particular cases in which they have been denied; but they by no means amount to a sufficient reason for inflicting upon the mercantile community the far greater evil of altering the law, so that partners may of their own will set up a right to.limited liability. The question mainly depends upon the nature of the under taking, and the decision as to the validity of the claim is very properly vested in a responsible. Minister of State and, it he be neglectful of his duty, in the last Court of Appeal—the High Court of Parliament. The only excep tion to this rule is -the Stannaries Court of Cornwall, specially applicable to mining, and peculiarly adapted to this hazardous species of adventure; and a bill is now before the House of Commons for extending the same law to the county of Devon, where mining, for copper, lead, and other metals, is carried on to a considerable extent. By this, which is known as the cost-book system, calls are regularly made as money is wanted, and the directors have no authority to pledge the credit of the shareholders, or incur any liability, beyond the amount contributed. Shareholders can also at any time dispose of their shares, or by surrendering them to the remainder free themselves from any further loss. This system, it will be seen, is particularly appropriate to mining adventures, which are purely speculative, resulting in large profits or absolute lose, but is in no way applicable to ordinary mercantile pursuits, in which necessarily third parties as creditors are largely interested. It may be possible, however, to show other instances in which a similar system would beneficially apply, but as all such cases are provided for, by the means to which we have before alluded, the position assumed by those who demand an alteration of the law is not only untenable, but it is fraught with so much prospective danger to mercantile credit as to justify the most strenuous opposition to its enactment. FOREIGN NEWS. •FRANCE.—Although the Paris papers were silent on the subject, having received orders to that effect, the political arrests continued. The anniversary of the 24th February had been marked for a great movement in - the capital, and precautions have been taken to meet it. A number of arrests took place on Wednesday. The apprehended movement of artizans did not, however, take place, and nothing occurred to mark the anniversary of the revolu tion of the 24th February. One hundred and sixty Vincennes Riflemen have arrived at Lyons by railway on their road tp Toulon by the Rhone steamers. They were to be followed by five battalions of the same force. The third battalion now at Lyons is under orders for Constantinople. A superior officer, says the Courier de Lyons, has just left for Algeria, to organise two Mussulman battalions, which will be sent to Turkey with French troops. An order has been issued by the French Minister of Marine to have five ships of the line added to the squadrons in the Black Sea. The third bat talions of Chasseurs of Vincennes, now quartered at Lyons, has been ordered to march to Toulon, and the 6th of March is stated as the day of embarkation for the expe ditionary army. It is now believed that that force will amount to nearly 70,000 men. SPAlN.—Letters from Saragossa bring news of a pro nunciamento in that city. A battalion had revolted with cries of " Viva Concha." A colonel was killed in the contest which took place. The insurgents being pressed, retreated in the direction of Huesca. MADRID, FEB. 22.—The whole of Spain has been de clared in a state of siege. The ministry of Queen Isabella maintains a firm attitude. Numerous arrests have taken place at Madrid among the members of the Opposition. ITALT.—lmportant, if correct, intelligence has arrived from Tuscany. It is said that orders have been received for the withdrawal of all the Austrian forces, amounting to 6,000 troops. A small garrison only will remain at Leghorn. A Government tribunal is likely to be formed. It is also reported that the Grand Duke may abdicate. M. Brenier has offered French troops, if necessary, for Florence. That gentleman, when in Tuscany, assured the Grand Duke that the Government of France could not countenance the present system of rule ; at the same time the Emperor had no desire to encourage revolution ists.—The King of Sicily has given orders to fortify the coast. PRUSSIA.—The Berlin Zeit, well-known as the organ of the Prussian Premier, says :—Prussia has given unequi vocal proofs of a friendly disposition towards Russia throughout the course of this Eastern quarrel, and it had a good right to expect in return that Russia would not in a spirit of stubborn pertinacity insist on carrying things to a pitch which must make it necessary for Prussia to choose between friendship and duty. AllSTlZlA. — lntelligence from Vienna, of Wednesday afternoon, says :-25,000 more men are to be sent imme diately to the south-eastern frontier. To calm the fears of the public, it will be officially announced this evening that his Majesty is still doing all in his power to maintain peace. Russu.—Accounts from St. Petersburg, of the 16th inst., represent the great excitement of the Emperor on learning the coarse pursued b; Austria and Prussia in reference to the Eastern question. He inveighed with much bitterness against what he termed the " treachery" of those two Powers, and expressed himself in the strongest terms of displeasure. A considerable force of the Imperial Guard, with other troops, has been ordered in the direc tion of the Prussian frontier. An imperial manifesto is also spoken of, ordering an extraordinary levy of nine men out of every 1,000 throughout his dominions. The Emperor is i ouffering from some illness, which is variously ascribed to gout, erysipelas, and bilious fever, GREBCB.—The Russo-Greek insurrection in Epirus be comes more formidable. Four provinces have already risen, namely, Sconlicaria, Radovitzi, Zoumerka, and Agrapha. More than 2,000 insurgents are under arms. A great num ber of the inhabitants of the lonian Islands are crossing over to help the Epiroces. The insurgents have taken up a position near the Five Wells," in the neighbourhood of Arta, cutting off communication with Janina. The Provincial Government has sent 1,000 irregular troops against them. The tradesmen in-Arta have fled for safety to the citadel, taking their property with them. In two engagements with the troops, near Arta, the insurgents had the advantage ; -and a Turkish guardship had been sunk in the harbour by a broadside from a Greek cutter. It is said at Janina that some English troops will land there to put down the revolt. A Greek lieutenant at the head of some soldiers had gone over to the rioters. Con siderable later intelligence states that many Athenian students have joined theinsurrectionary army, which is now 8,000 strong. The garrison and prisoners of Chalcis have revolted and fled. The director of the police at Athens is dismissed. CAPS of GOOD, TIOPB.—The Queen of the South ar rived at Plymouth on Sunday, with mails from India and the Cape of Good Hope. General Cathcart was completing arrangements for the security of exposed districts, and locating the lately hostile tribes. The intended withdrawal of troops from the Orange territory had greatly depressed mercantile interests. The colony was quiet. In Natal the search for precious metals had been unsuccessful. Arrived from Liverpool:. Perseverance and Warbler.; also the steamer Golden Age, in thirty days ; she left for Australia on the 15th Jan. THE WAR IN THE EAST. Letters from the Danubian provinces statethat a stragetic movement of great importance had just been adopted by the general-in-chief of the Ottoman army. Omer Pasha, who is perfectly aware of all the plans of the Russians,had just concentrated a powerful corps of reserve at Sophia, and was making that place one of the principal centres of operation in order to eheck the Russian army in case it should attempt to turn the position at Kalafat, as its gene rals have proposed. Sophia, which is situated in a vast plain on the road from Belgrade to Constantinople, is the key to Bulgaria. The Ottoman army, supported by such a forminable position, would infallibly stop the Russian army, exhausted by a first combat, which it would have to fight with the corps of Turkish troops which guard the frontiers of the empire on the side of Servia. Up to the 10th, the position of both armies at Krajova was that of mutual observation; both sides were receiving considerable reinforcements. Omer Pasha's despatch givesrthe following as the total force of the Russians on the Danube :—" Dannenberg's corps, 30,000 men ; this corps has suffered much from sick ness and during the engagements: Luders' corps, 28,000; a division of this corps is in the Caucasus. Osten Sacken's corps, 25,000; more than one division of this corps is in Bessarabia. It is by no means complete. A division of cavalry, 4,000 ; total, 87,000. We may, without hesitation, deduct from this army 10,000 men detached from the ranks by sickness, for the typhus and other fevers are making great ravages among it. Russia dare not withdraw from Poland Paniutin's corps and send it hither. The reasons for not doing so are known, and we do not envy Thissia the spirit which reigns in her army. The opinion• ex pressed by her officers is, that this time the Emperor is greatly mistaken in his calculations." We learn, by Constantinople intelligence of the 9th, that an engagement had taken place in the Caucasus, in which the Czar's troops were soundly beaten by the Cir cassians, under Schamyl. According to accounts from, Smyrna, of the Ist of Feb., the collisions between the Turks and Greeks in Asia Minor are increasing in ithportance every day. Conflicts had taken place at Kutaiah, Angora, and Scala Novo, which required the intervention of an armed force. At Lisbon, it is understood that the Spaniards send troops to Rome to relieve the French, who go to Constan tinople, and that 4,000 Portuguese troops proceed to the lonian Islands to relieve the English, who are to join the French expedition. A French squadron, probably a de tachment from the fleet at Brest, has been cruising off Lisbon. PARTs, FEE. 2G.—A despatch from Vienna, received yesterday, frilly confirms the adhesion of the government of Austria to the policy of England and France. TOULON, FEB. 24.—Orders have arrived here for the embarkation of the troops belonging to the corps destined for the East. VIENNA, F.M. 23.—The events connected with the war now leave no how of a pacific arrangement. The Empe ror has ordered an additional force of 25,000 men, which has already taken iv a position in the Banat, and also 25,000 men to, protect: he south-eastern frontier, or to be employed as circumstames may require. BUCHAREST, FEB. 18.—The cannonade of the Russian batteries against Rustchtik.continues. ODESSA., FEB. 13.—The fitroops of the governments of Twer, Ostrowa, and Jaroslaft, have marched for the Da nube, and willipass through 'Moscow. There are neither English nor ikenehNesads.Atoaftem. r 1.6% AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE ARAECIA. By the British-and North American Royal Mail steam ship Arabia, Commodore Judkins, which arrived on Saturday, we have intelligence from Boston to the 16th, and from New York to the 16th instant. The Arabia sailed from Boston at 10 10 p.m., on the 15th instant. At 10 30 p.m., .on the 16th, she passed the steam er Canada, hence or Boston, and at midnight arrived at Halifax. After a detention of about one hour and a half, she proceeded to sea, passed Cape Clear, at 1 10 p.m., on the 24th, and saluted the Rock at 11 9 a.m., on Saturay, having made the run in nine days -sixteen hours and forty-five minutes. The Royal Mail -steamer Africa ar rived off New York .on the 14th. The Royal Mail steamer America arrived at Boston on the .16th from this port. The Arabia brought :84 passengers, but no specie. The cotton house of Estifin and Co., of New Orleans, had failed, as well as two other commercial houses. It was reported that the steamer William Norris, building at New York, and which is expected to make the run to Europe in six days, had been sold-to the Turkish government for $230,000. The vessel will be 230 feet long, 38 feet beam, and will draw seven feet six inches water. She will be 1,400 tons btuthen, with a draft of 1,000 tons. The Star of the West and the George Law had arrived at New York with nearly $1,500,000 in gold dust on freight. On the sth inst., in lat. 25 04, lon. 80, she passed a British seventy-four, steering north. The steam-ships Nevada, and John L. Stephens had sailed from San Fran cisco, with $1,872,012 on freight. The arrival of golddust, shipped from California in 1853, was $82,300,399. 42c. According to advices from Lower California, the Mexican rancheros bad submitted to, and asked the protection of the Government of the New Republic. President Walker had issued a proclamation, in which he stated that warfare seldom used among civilized nations had been used against his government, as if he and his piratical expedition were entitled to the usages of civilized nations. During the engagements which occurred, one of the leaders- of the filibusters was accompanied by his wife, who employed herself in loading and passing the arms to the men, and repeatedly firing upon the enemy through the loop-holes. It is stated in the Mexican advices, that the Tehuante pec-road had been commenced at Minatitlan on the 30th, and at Suchil on the 25th ult. A telegraph despatch from New Orleans says,—" A door and window tax had been proclaimed throughout Mexico. It was stated that a body of Mexican troops had been ordered to proceed to Sonora, to assist in quashing the Walker filibuster expe dition. the Indians in Durango had been routed, and the property stolen -by them recovered. The ship Lady Suffolk had sailed for Yucatan, with several hundred troops for the Indian war. A conducta had arrived at Vera Cruz, with two millions of dollars in silver, the most of which was taken by the English mail steamer. From Havana we have dates to the Bth inst. Sugar was in improved demand ; stock on hand, 65,000 hhds. Coffee was firm, with a large business doing. Molasses scarce, and selling at 2i teals. Freights had advanced, £5 being paid to Europe. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. COTTON.—(From W.P. Wright's Circular, Feb.l4). The market here during the past week has suffered by the adverse accounts received per Pacific, and it has been difficult to buy or sell at satisfactory prices, buyers demanding a reduction greater than holders are illing to submit to. The business, therefore, has been to a smaller extent than in any of the fifteen weeks preceding, and amounts to 3,700 bales, of which 1,229 have been for export, 1,871 for home use, 451 on speculation, and 149 in transitu. The southern markets are all lower, under the accounts per Arabia. In New Orleans and Mobile a severe monetary pressure is also adding' ts influence in putting down prices. The deficiency in receipts at the ports, as compared with last season, is this week slightly reduced, and now amounts to 615,000 bales. The following is a statement of the movement in cotton since the Ist September last, as compared with the pre vious three years : •1854. 1853. 1852. 1851. Receipts at the Ports, 1,457.000 2,072,000 1,564,000 1,446,000 Exports to Gt. Britain, 441,000 846,000 526,000 442,000 France 161,000 146 000 197,000 188,000 other For. Ports, 92,000 138,G00 104,000 104,000 Total Exports - 700,000 1,130,030 823,000 734,000 Stock on hand 684.000 670,000 534,000 659,000 From which it will be seen that the decrease in receipts now amounts to 615,000 bales ; the decrease in exports to Great Britain, 405,000; other foreign ports, 40,000. In crease to France, 15,000. Total decrease in exports, 430,000 bales. ICTEw Yonic, FEB. 16.—The Money Market to-day was abundantly supplied, rate of interest prime paper four months being 9to 10; rate on call, 7. Fancy stocks active. Exchange on London, 82 to 81. Cotton: The advices per America caused prices to become stiffer, but did notalter quotations. Sales to-day,2,500. Bread-stuffs: Flour has advanced 6d. to ls. Wheat and corn firm. _____ _.......... NEW ORLEANS, FEB. 16.—Cotton dull. Sales 14,000 irregular. Decreased receipts, 595,000. CJIA.RLESTON, FEB. 13.—Cotton dull and declining. Sales 1,500. INDIA AND CHINA. The steamer Bombay arrived at Trieste on Saturday, in 158 hours from Alexandria. The India and China mails were detained in Alexandria from the 16th to the 18th, and the English steamer to take them on was expected to arrive on the 18th, and therefore could not, at the earliest, leave again before the 19th. The ;dvices by this mail are from Calcutta, January 20 ; Madras, January 25 ; Shanghai, December 31; Amoy, January 4; Hongkong, January 11; Singapore, January 19 ; Penang, January 21 ; Galle and Bombay, January 28 ; Burmah, January 12. The Governor-General had gone six miles above Meaday, fixed the boundary line, and taken possession of the coun try in the name of the Queen. He returned to Calcutta on the 16th January. A party of troops against dacoits having been led into an ambush, 23 men and Captain Barry, of 71st Native Infantry, were killed. Captain Phayre is to be sent as Plenipotentiary on a special mission to Ava. Trade in India is active. Exchange at Calcutta, 21. From China we lenrn that the French expedition had returned to Hong Kong from Nanking. Feention was closely invested by the patriot army. Exchange at Canton, 61; Shanghai, 63 ; Hong Kong, 5. Therels no further news from the Persian Gulf. It was asserted in India that the Russian army of the Oxus had advanced within two days' march of Khiva. It was also asserted that the Khans of Khiva and Bokhara had been brought to terms by the Russians, and that an alliance, offensive and defensive, had been con cluded between those chiefs, the Russians, and Dost Mahomed. These assertions, founded on Indian rumours, must be received with great caution. MDLLB. WAGNEB.—The Court of Queen's Bench was occupied for three days last week with the case Lumley v. Gye, in which the plaintiff sought damages against the defendant for inducing Mdlle. Wagner, the vocalist, to break her engagement. A verdict was entered for the defendant, the jury having found that the defendant did not know that the agreement between the plaintiff and Mdlle. Wagner remained a binding agreement when he entered into an agreement with her on the bth of April. PUBLIC PROSECUTORS.—On Tuesday, Mr. Phillimore's bill, to provide for the appointment of public prosecutors and for the amendment of criminal procedure in England and Wales, was printed. There are 19 sections in the bill. It is proposed to divide the circuits of the judges of assize into districts. The Lord Chancellor is to appoint, for each district, one or more fit persons, being a barrister of not less than ten years, as a public prosecutor. The salary is not to exceed £l5OO a year, including travelling expenses. Deputy public prosecutors may be appointed, and assistant prosecutors in courts of quarter sessions, and there may be deputy assistants. Further district agents may be appointed. Magistrates may remand accused per sons .to take the opinion •of the public prosecutor. The duties of the office are defined. • PA.upEus.—From a return just published, it appears that in 618 unions, &c., in England and Wales, 818,822 persons were relieved (in-door and out-door) on the Ist of January, 1854, being an increase of 11,276 over the same day in 1853. Of able-bodied paupers receiving relief there were 136,049, being an increase of 8,430. An in crease of 210,118 is shown in the expense for the half year ending Michaelmas, 1853, as compared with the cor responding half-year of 1852. Tun DUKE OF WELLINGTON and Napoleon were 45 years of age when they finished their military career in the field at Waterloo. The youngest major-general in our army at present (royalty excepted) is long past that age, and there are only two full colonels who have not attained it. DEBILITATED CONSTITUTIONS.—The wonderful efficacy of Holloway's Pills, and the good effects it hai produced on patients suffering from diseases of the stomach, liver•coin plaints, bile, and indigestion, would appear incredible, if it were not daily confirmed by proofs of the cures effected by then r . The exhilarating properties et these inViduable pills entirely banish all nervousness from the system, strengthen the tone of the stomach, thereby promoting digestion • per sons suffering from dropsy should use Holloway's Pills, as they are the most safe and certain remedy ever known for that dreadful malady. WORK FOR THE LEGISLATURE.—We are informed that when a proprietary article becomes of sufficient celebrity, it is the practice of some persons--whose apparent respecta bility throWs both the trade and the public off their guard— to imitate these articles so closely that few persons can, from the outside of the packet, tell the difference, but who evade the law by having their own name in some way introduced as the vendors. This has, in some cases, led to very serious results, and it is hoped that a law will be shortly introduced to put an end to this insidious and wide-spreading evil. Among those articles which have been extensively imitated we may mention Brande's Enamel, which has acquired such a world-wide celebrity in the prevention of that distressing malady the toothache. We understand that to guard against these impositions, thegenuine article has the signature of the original manufacturer, John Willis, (established in 1846,) on the outside of each packet, without which none is genuine. FRAMPTOX'S PILL OF HEALTII.—" For upwards of nine years (writes Mr. Thomas Province, of Winchmore Hill, Middlesex), I have experienced the efficacy of this excellent medicine. Iliad long previously been afflicted with headache and indigestion; but a friend having induced me to make a trial of Frampton's Pills, I now inform you that a few doses gave me great relief; and during this long period of time I have taken them in preference to any other medicine; and I have the happiness of saying that 1 never had a better state of health, which I attribute to Frampton's Pills. I beg further to add, that this medicine is in general use by my family, and we know of nothing to equal it." In any case when an aperient medicine is required, they need only be tried to be universally adopted. Sold by all medicine vendors. Price Is. lid. per box. See the name of "Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London," on the government stamp. TREASURES OF NATURE.--It has been well remarked that there is not au imperfection that flesh is heir to, for which a remedy is not at hand, to discover which we have only to search the vast laboratory of nature. A more apt illustration cm scarcely be offered, than in the application of a natural production, of American growth, namely, the Balm of Columbia, in cases where the human head has been de prived of its 'ecoming and natural ornament. As a promoter of growth, strengthener and restorer of the hair, C. and A. Oldridge's Balm of Columbia is unrivalled, and in cases of baldness its virtues are inestimable. The further advantages of the Balm may be summed up in its freeing the hair from scurf, producing a beautiful curl, preserving it from piema ture greyness, and its r. 2ccellent adaptation to the nunery, which should never br without it. no climate destroys its efficacy, and it has proved a most valuable article of trading speculation.—Sold wholesale and retail by the proprietors, 13, Wellington-street North, Strand, London, and by most of the respectable perfumers and medicine vendors, price3s. 6d., 65., and Hs. per bottle; no other prices are gennine.N.B. The public are requested to be on their guard against coun terfeits ' • ask for Oldridge's Baltn,l3, Wellington-street North, Strand, London. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS-TUESDAY, FED. 21 The Earl of SHAFTESBURY presente&ePpetition from Lord Ebrington,,eomplaining of the lastirection for Barn staple; and theikouse shortly afterwards adjourned. THURSDAY, FEB. 23. OXFORD UNIVERSITY.—The Earl of DEBBY called attention to the efforts now being made by the governing body of the University of Oxford to reform itself, as well as to the petition which it had presented to the Crown praying to be allowed to alter the Caroline Statutes. He believed that the government disapproved the plan pro posed by the Hebdothadal Board, and that it was about to bring forward a measure of university reforni. He asked whether the government would communicate_ its plan to the Hebdomadal Board before submitting it to parliament. —The Earl of ABERDEEN said it was not at present the intention of government to submit its plans of university reform to the Hebdomadal Board. CAVALRY BY STEAM. - ITTSRSWEr to the Earl of Cardigan whether it were not the intention of government to employ steam-vessels to transport artillery and cavalry to the East.—The Duke of NEWCASTLE said it would be impossi ble to carry out the force mentioned by Lord Cardigan in steam-vessels. Even the transport of 20,000 infantry had been attended with considerable inconvenience to the great steam companies, whose lines of traffic would be entirely deranged if any further calls were made by government on their resources. hum TENANT RIGHT.—A discussion arose as to the second reading of the six bills relating to the law of land lord and tenant in Ireland, in which several lords took part, and the second reading of the bills was ultimately postponed for a week. TiOOPS IN TiIiIWEST INDIES.—Lord DESAIIT called attention to the withdrawal of troops from the West India Islands, a step which had been attended with much alarm and some danger to the inhabitants.—The Duke of NEW CASTLI defended it, on the ground that the troops were employed in doing the duty of police. He thought the colonists ought to provide their own police, and that it was no part of the duty of a government to find troops for such service. The matter dropped, and the house shortly afterwards adjourned. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1854. ter, he thought the expense should be borne by the national funds.—Lord J. Russzu, justified the abolition of a test which was not applicable to the present religiona state of Scotland, and distinguished between the national system in Ireland and that proposed in relation to reit• gions instruction. Ultimately leave was given to bring in the bill. Some minor business was transacted, and th 6 house adjourned at half-past ten. • FRIDAY, FEB. 24. A petition was presented by Lord BROUGHAM from the clergy and laity, but chiefly the clergy, of the principality of Wales, for the establishme n t of a university, to include Brecon College, Lampeter Church College, and certain endowed schools. TICE EASTERN Qin STI ON. — Lord BEAUMONT, in a speech of great length, returned to some of the charges brought against the government for its conduct on the Eastern question ; and concluded by moving a series of resolutions amounting, in effect, to a declaration of war against the Emperor of Russia. The Earl of CLARENDON hoped, now that his noble friend had made his speech, that he would refrain from pressing his resolutions, some of which were harmless, but others highly objectionable. We were, he said, upon the eve of great events—we had already opened that great question of the East which had been so long foreseen, but, as we had been forced into it, it should be settled once for all. He concluded by declaring that it was the purpose of her Majesty's government, so far as the course of events would permit, to check the aggressive and ambitious power of Russia, to maintain the integrity of the Otto man empire, to take solid guarantees in order that Europe may not again be deprived of the great blessings of peace, and, at the same time, to secure equal rights and equal justice to the Christian population of Turkey. After further discussion the motion was withdrawn ; and their lordships adjourned at half-past nine. HOUSE OF COMMONS-TUESDAY, FEB. 21. The second reading of the Cheltenham Waterworks Bill was carried.by 87 to 85. PRIVATEERS.—Mr. HORSFALL asked whether the trea ties with foreign nations, or the steps which her Majesty's government were prepared to take in the event of war, were such as would effectually prevent privateers being fitted out in neutral ports to interfere with British ship ping. —Loan PALMERSTON said this was a question to which, in the present. state of things, no explanatory answer could be given. EDUCATION IN MANCRESTER.—Mr.ADDERLET moved the second reading of the Manchester and Salford Educa tion Bill, which had been introduced as a private bill. He stated that its object was to enable the ratepayers of Man chester to rate themselves to a common fund, to be distri buted proportionably among the existing schools. In supporting the bill he entered somewhat deeply into the general system of education.—Mr. GIBSON moved, by way of amendment, a resolution " that education to be sup ported by public rates is a subject which ought not to be dealt with by any , private bill.—After a considerable dis cussion the second reading was negatived by 107 to 78. ASSESSMENT.—On the motion of Mr. PEro, leave was given to bring in a bill for the uniform assessment of property for the purpose of rating. The Friendly Societies Bill was read a second time. The Truck Act Amendment Bill was read a first time, and ordered to be read a second time on Wednesday, the 15th of March. The house adjourned at twelve o'clock. WEDNESDAY, FRB. 22. The house met at noon. Oxpouh ITlvrvEnsirv.—ln answer to a question, Lord J. RrssELL said that her Majesty could not be advised to assent to the proposal for granting a license in favour of the draught of the constitution as proposed by the Heb domadal Board. ADMISSION OP JEWS.—In answer to a question from Mr. Walpole, whether the Alteration of Oaths Bill would come on on Monday, and, if not, what day he proposed for that measure,—Lord Joni RUSSELL said that the Alter ation of Oaths Bill would not be proceeded with on that day, and he could uot then fix a day for proceeding with the bill. SMITH O'BRIEN.—Lord PALMERSTON said, the ques tion of extending the clemency of the Crown to Mr. Smith O'Brien had been under the consideration of the govern= went. Other persons, in the same category, had (he observed) thought fit to break their parole ; but Mr. O'Brien, whatever had been his faults and his crime, had acted, in this respect, like a gentleman, and it was the intention of the government to advise the Crown to extend to him, as au act of clemency, permission to place himself in the same situation as that in which those other persons had placed themselves by a violation of their pledges. WAR IN TIIE EAST.—The bringing up of the report of the Committee of Supply on the votes for the navy esti mates led to a discussion on the Eastern question, after which the report was agreed to, and the house adjourned at half-past one. THIIRSbAY, FEB. 23. Mr. PArrinf presented a petition from Mr. Bramley- Moore, one of the candidates at the last election for Kingston-on-Hull, complaining of the report of the com missioners appointed to inquire into the election practices of that borough, in which they stated that systematic bribery and corruption had taken place, and that Mr. Moore was cognizant of the fact ; that the chief commis sioner in open court had expressed himself to the effect that the denial of Mr. Moore, in his evidence, that he had any knowledge of such bribery was perfectly satisfactory ; and that, in consequence of this statement, the petitioner had not remained in court to hear any evidence that might be brought against him. In these circumstances he prayed the house for redress, and desired to give the most public and decided denial to the report of the commissioners. PRIVATEERS.—Mr. HORSBALL asked whether the trea ties with foreign nations, or the steps which her Majesty's government were prepared to take in the event of war, were such as would effectually prevent privateers being fitted out in neutral ports, to interfere with British ship ping.—Lord JOHN Russ - ELL said that the only answer he could give, to the question was, that the relations of neutral nations and the policy to be adopted towards them had been subjected to the very anxious considera tion of the government. Certain customs were always, observed according to the laws of nations, and different countries had different laws and notions in reference to the subject alluded to by the hon. member. In entering into alliances this question was one of great difficulty and intricacy, and all he could say at present was, that, while government would strive to avoid, in every possible way, exciting the jealousy or provoking the• hostility of neutral Powers, they would endeavour at the same time to use such precautions as would effectually conduce to the protection of their allies. DUBLIN HOSPITALS.—Mr. GROGAN moved for a select committee to examine into, and report upon, the ex pediency of the grants from public funds to the Dublin hospitals.—Mr. WILSON did not object to the appoint ment of a committee, though he did not see, unless Dub lin could slim some peculiar claims, how the house could rescind its own resolution.—After a brief discussion, the. motion was agreed to.. EDUCATION IX SCOTLAND.—The, LORD-ADVOCATE moved for leave to bring in a bill to make further provi sion for the education of the people in Scotland, and to amend the laws relating thereto. It was proposed to establish, under a general board, a system of school inspec tion, by which a •complete educational survey would be made of the whole of Scotland, on a large scale and in minute detail, to be laid before parliament yearly. In the meanwhile certain alterations were proposed to be made in the law regarding schools. It was intended to raise the remuneration of school-masters, which was at present entirely inadequate, to £5O a-year ; to give them a retired allowance, and to provide better house accommodation. The government had determined that it was not necessary that a parochial schoolmaster should subscribe any reli gious test ; but it was not intended to make any change at present in the body electing the schoolmasters, subject only to the approbation of the inspector of the district and of the general board. The superintendence of the paro chial schools, which was now in the presbytery, and was nothing but a name, it was proposed to place in the hands of the heritors and minister, under the control of the in spectors and the general board, except in particular cases. He read the preamble of the bill, recognizing the necessity of combining religious with secular instruction, and one of the clauses, which enacted that, in the parochial and additional schools certain hours should be set apart for religious instruction, but that no child would be bound to attend them if the parent or guardian objected, no addi tional charge being, however, made in respect to that attendance, which would be considered as part of the ordinary school instruction. It was proposed that a ge neral rate for educational purposes should be levied over Scotland, not to exceed id. in the pound on the whole valuation, to be administered by the general hoard, and applied, first, to the establishment of industrial and re formatory schools ; secondly, to the assistance of poor parishes ; and thirdly, in aid of denomination schools, which should comply with the rules of the Privy Council, under the control of the general board.—ln the course of the discussion which ensued, Mr. WALPOLE objected, that the preamble of the bill did not consist with the provisions, which seemed to transfer the national system of Ireland to Scotland, just at the time when it had proved more or less unsuccessful. He could not see, he added, the neces sity of doing away altogether with a religious test. Why could not the university test be adopted ? The proposal to establish, by means of a rate, reformatory And indus trial schools, was A noble one ; but, being a national mat. FRIDAY, FRB. 24. HAnnouns.—ln answer to a question, Mr. CATIDVIVI said, the inquiry of the commiss i oners i nto the s t a te ° , the harbours on the coas t h a d t erm i nated, and he expec te d to be able shortly to lay their report on the table. SEIZURES OF GUNPOWDER.—In reply to some rem** , with reference to - a statement which had appeared tilt. some seizures of gunp ow d er had been made, Mr. WiLsoN explained the circumstances and the measurev adoPted to prevent the exportation of munitions of rir to quarters where they might be used against this coal or its allies, but did not consider that he should be just!' fled in stating the names of the persons referred to, as it did not follow that they were cognizant of the whole transaction. NAVAL NEGLIGENCE.—In answer to a question whether it was true that one of Her Majesty's frigates was in great danger of foundering at her anchor, and, if so, whether the Admiralty had instituted any inquiries relative to ths same, Sir J. GRAITAM said, such an accident was nearlY happening, and from inquiry it appeared to have been owing to great carelessness on the part of those whose' duty it was especially to guard against such accidents. Inquiries were being made on the subject, and the matter would be fully investigated. MILITARY DEFENCES.—Sir J. WALsir called attention to the inadequacy of the military establishments of the country to meet the exigencies of the impending war , urging the danger of committing the error of under; rating its importance. In 1848-49 the army consisted 0 ! 113,847 men, and it numbered now, with the propose° increase, less than 113,000 men, which was not a still' cient provision for a great emergency like the present. Several members having spoken on the question, Lord RussEL.t. remarked that the debate was taking a c oarse contrary to all former practice, and suggested that the house should go into committee of supply upon the army estimates. THE ARMY ESTIMATES. The house went into committee of supply, when Mr. S. HERBERT, in stating the outlines of the esti mates, premised that they must not be looked upon as the final estimates of the year, the government having thought it better that the house should discuss their policy before the whole estimates had been framed as for a time of peace, though in anticipation of war. This in -1 crease in the number of men was nominally 10,694; but, owing to the reductions in certain colonial corps, the real augmentation was about 11,000, and the real increase in the cost of the effective force (allowing for certain reduc- tions) was £260,000 or £270,000. Having stated the re ductions effected in the colonial staff, he proceeded tO explain in minute detail the changes which had been made and were meditated in the interior organization of the army, showing, he said, that the military authorities had paid close attention to the comforts and the character of the soldier, at the same time that they had not neglected the measures necessary to secure the general efficiency of the force. He then, with reference to a motion regarding the diminution of the troops in the colonies, showed that the number of those troops had been considerably dimi- nished. He added that her Majesty had decided upon issuing a commission of inquiry into the subject of the age of the general officers of the army. Adverting to the ob- servations of Sir J. Walsh, he did not, he repeated, pro pose these as war estimates he was afraid that before' very long it would be his duty to bring in supplemental"' estimates. He then moved the following votes, which, after undrgoing discussion, were agreed to : 112,977 officers and men (effective). £3,923,288, pay and allowances. £151,382, general and medical staff. £105,093, public departments. £17,401, Royal Military College. £10,756, Military Asylum and Hibernian Mili tary School. £BB,OOO, volunteer corps. £20,500, rewards for military service. £46,000, army pay of general officers. £49,600, full pay of retired officers. £356,000, half pay and military _allowances. £33,671, foreign half-pay. £115,889, widows' pensions. £75,500, compassionate allowances. £30,694, in-pensions. £1,215,712, out-pensions. £38,000, superannuation allowances. THE NAVY ESTIMATES. Sir J. GRAHAM moved the Navy Estimates, prefacing the votes with a statement of the general result, and with brief observations upon particular items. The first three votes (for the men, wages, and victuals), had been already agreed to by the house. The total increase was £1,202,455,- but the sum required for these estimates was by no means the largest which had been voted within the last seven years. In 1848-49 the amount was nearly £8,000,000 the sum of the present estimates was £7,480,000; but in 1848-49 the number of men was but 42,500, whereas the.. . 1 number voted by the house this year was 68,500; so that more men were maintained for a less sum. He enter tained a confident belief that the estimates would be suf ficient to cover the expenditure, except, perhaps, in the article of provisions. In conclusion, be gave great praise to the late Admiralty for improvements made in the navy, and felt assured, he said, that come what might, the British navy was now in a highly efficient state. A vote of £138,467 for the Admiralty-office having been agreed to, the committee adjourned. In a Committee of Ways and Means, a vote of £8,000,000 / out of the Consolidated Fund, was agreed to. The Towns Improvement (Ireland) Bill and the Irn provement of Towns (Ireland) Bill were rein a second time. THE COLONIAL CHURCII.—The SOLICITOU-GENERAL moved for leave to bring in a bill to relieve the colonial clergy from certain disabilities, arising from a statute of Henry VIII., which impeded their meeting for the pur pose of making orders, canons, and constitutions ecclesi astical. He explained the nature of the bill, which would confer no binding authority upon the acts of the clergy. - After a few remarks from Mr. HENLEY and Mr. Br PHlLrxmonE, leave was given. ' OATHS BILL.—On the motion of Mr. J. WILSON, the order of the day for the second reading of this bill, which stood for Monday, was discharged, and the bill ordered to , be read a second time •on Friday, the 24th of March. The house adjourned at five minutes past one o'clock. Mr. ROBERT STEPHENSON, the eminent engineer, hai, offered to pay off half of a debt of £6,200, incurred by the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon-Tyne, provided the other half can be liquidated before its next anniversary, in gratitude for the advantage derived, while young, from its library, which is one of the best in the north. WARLIKE.—A striking proof of military ardour was afforded by the Scots Fusilier Guards on the regiment being drafted for the East. Several of the corporals who were required to go with the regiment were reduced to the ranks at their own special request, in order that they might be eligible to march with their comrades to the seat of war. Tim NEW CAMP.—It is confidently stated that the new camp will be formed early in May next. Beyond one or two line regiments it will be almost entirely composed of militia, which force, it is said, will be mustered to the extent of 30,000 or 32,000 men. The open downs in the neighbourhood of the Military College of Sandhurst in, according to present arrangement, the locality fixed upon. Drilling up the men, and getting the smartest young fellows to volunteer for regular service in the East, is said to be the immediate object which the authorities have in view. TROOPS IN THE Cow/rms.—ln estimating the amount of our available military force, it is obviously necessary to consider what number -of troops are required in the colonies. The return laid before parliament of the number of troops employed in the colonies comes, therefore, oppor tunely. The Adjutant-General's return shows that there were, so employed at this time last year 1785 officers, 2918. sergeants and drummers, and 37,566 rank and file-0 larger number by about 2000 than in the previous year.. The Ordnance-office return states that the numb e r of Sappers and Miners employed in the colonies last year was 1005, of officers of the Engineers 118, and 3699 officers arut men of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Excluding from our calculation regiments taken into the pay of the East India Company, these figures show that one-third of our military force is employed in our various dependencies. FORGERY ON MESSRS. BARING BROTIIBRS.—On Wed' nesday, Spital, a detective officer of the London police, charged two youths of the namN'of Green arid Wren, be longing to Woolwich, with having presented a f orge d bili of exchange at the house of Messrs. Baring Brothers, with intent to defraud them of the sum of £2,000. The bill.of exchange purported to be signed by Colonel Colt, the in ventor of the revolvers, and, when presented, was e/v. closed in a letter, requesting that £9OO in gold should be paid to the bearer, and the remainder in notes. Th e prisoner Wren handed in th e l e tt er, an d t h e money wattle have been paid, but for one of the clerks accidentally 017. -: serving that the bill w as th ree years old. SubsequentlY Wren was apprehended at Woolwich, as also the other prisoner Green, who admitted to the officer that be Mir seen Wren write the letter in, which the bills of exchano were enclosed, and signed in Colonel Colt's name. Tbef both intended, had they got the money, to have stark' l for America. The prisoners were remanded. CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY.—A meeting of thf inhabitants of Reading was held at the Town-hall, 00 Monday, to receive a d epu t a ti on from the Coneerva ii/ V, Land Society, co ns i s ti ng o f V i scount Ranelagh, .Colonel Knox, M.P., H. Pownall, Esq., the Rev. Dr. Worthington , C. E. Lewis, Esq., G. Morgan, Esq., and C. L. Gruneises, Esq. There was a large attendance, much interest being taken in the proceedings, in consequence of the approach ing, allotment of the Devonshire Square estate, on the 11 of March ne x t. Vi scoun t R ane l ag h pres i ded. Colonel, Knox, M.P., ga ve an i n t eres ti ng s t atement o f t h e pro grO' of the society, and - dwelt particularly on the valuable character of the estate purchased f or th e soc i e ty in that locality. It was called a child of his own for be ha d urged it on the attention of hi s co ll eagues in the eon" mittee,, and, looking at its most eligible site, its coo l " mending, great, beautiful, and noble prospect, the bealtb.7, locality, in the best neighbo ur h oo d o f th e mos t i n fluential town of Berkshire, he had f u ll con fid ence i n the restu„ that his judgment was not mistaken. M r . P o wnall, in very eloquent speech, dwelt on the great social advantages of the freehold land movement, as affording a safe alb . profitable investment for the savings of industry. W . , E. Lewis very ably described th e wor ki ng o f the sosit and gave some interesting p ar ti cu l ars w ith respe ct W I ts estate on the Castle Hill. It is situate within the ) 1011 4 of the borough, in the best p ar t o f R ea di ng, th e c entre v.. pe. the railway communication o f th e sou th ern coun ties, a e, in a short time will possess three lines of railway y to ot , metropolis. The Great 'Western railway station is more than five minutes' walk from the estate. in in centre of the estate space is reserved for the erection o' t church. The whole h a d been most judiciously laid O n in lots varying in price from £5O to £325. The addrel of the speakers were li s t ene d t o w i t h much atten tion, I t , a vote of thanks w as p asse d t o t h e d eputat i on, f or the formation they had afforded.