The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1852-10-26 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1852. V .ANT EI — T 7-7— lmmediately, in a Ships' Store Ware . ' ot t , A ho us ' e, a respectable, well-educated YOUTH, about 16, „"Dpii,!_tlyearance and address. iittibt,;,!Elons to be made befifire Saturday next, by letter, hidrekrtner occupatiorkilf any) and remuneration expected. K., Post-offiu, Liverpool. TO CORRESPONDENTS. EMPLOYMENT. - iiappy, at all times, to receive communications IV AC TED. , by a respectable, steady, sober, middle- ; - TN i n ged :Van, who would willingly make himself generally on subjects of local or general interest ; and if ourfriends ,Itle ne ' ln Y occupation where the duties are light, and wherc will be good enough to Irely (; and trust are renuired. The Advertiser not being jllr e , 'Pendant on a situation, would he satisfied with a Ma'lnueration for his seryices. Writes a tolerable - . 1 4t U nderstands accounts. Five years' ^`-- 6 44 4 111a i e . Mr.-LEAco' henticate the same by th tures, for our own satisfaction, we shall feel obligee _....acter from Printer, &c., Ramsey, Isle of Ott erpoot -1-.stanbarb 4MERICAN AND GENERAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY.XII E , SEgRETARY WANTED. M.4„,, - !iirectors of this Company will receive for the Appointment . of a SECRETARY ; h knowledge of the duties of such an Office, hat API" ement of ants should be .an , mages, or at la to he aitiressed to the Chairman Of the Corn tes, 4 s , rowEn- BUILDINGS WEST, and to be in Ist NoN:ern' 1 - ;€ _ BY order of the Directors HAROLD LITTLI ',2oth October, 1852 Chairman -ivN I) , -- --_---___' Ax i "„pi. SOUTHERN AND TOXTETH HOSPITAL. I_ I_ "'LD an ISSISTANT HOUSE SURGEON ; '5O OngSallr . ' 1- v i'l• Fifty Guineas per Annum, with Board and 04 14 n the Hospital. Candidates reenired to have the A llte or nf one of the Royal College of Surgeons, and the , ) ),. I) !'lle ag t he London Society of Apothecaries. VER r "° 11 8, with Testimmiiils to he addressed to WILLIAM 44:a n •* Iness 5 . ; ' Redcross-street, on or before 4' 4 .-...T 1 7 , (Wdnv,) the 27th instant. yv e ,„"e Candidatesiwtose Testimonials are satisfactory t 4) ce to appear before the Medical Board, at the 'on or before the day of election. N..._ By order of the Medical Board. O PENING OF PARLIAMENT. Iti tate d last week that Parliament had been summoned 1 4t , November, but that owing to the time oc the Swearing in of the members the actual busi ktctlid not commence until the 9th or 11th of next let e T he first-named day would, it was believed, in . t iri th the f e sti v ities ordinarily observed on the P itte ti " of the Lord Mayor of Londoa, but the 9t it ', 4 to the banquet having been declined by Her lh eg Ministers, on the ground of its proximity to the for the funeral of the Duke, the festivities have li i l t "Poned, so that in all probability the opening of by the Speech from the Throne will take T uesday, the 9th of November. t() UNTY COURT, YESTERDAY. i tlt tl , IMPORTANT TOWING CASE. 11, / ntn t l ' AND OTHERS v. BARTON AND BROWN.— ,as given in this case, which was tried O atie r The claim was for £l2 by the plaintiffs, Of the steam-tu g Powe r ful, namely, £2 tttlie the ship Wanata from Birkenhead Dock s ea l . ver, and £lO f o r taking her subsequently th,, On the latt er oc ca sion, however, befo r e Zli k i channel, th e tow-rope had broken, and the l,tilr h ., t() find her way out to sea by the aid of her 1 11/ o e. The ca s e was he ar d on Wedn e sd a y l as t, gtf eth poll r had reserve d judonent until this morning. Ne n a nts had paid two guineas into court. From t ? 'll ttrani.ea,given on Wednesday last, it appeared that ihtek eti "2etween the parties was, that the vessel was ,444th_, olive to sea," and some old pilots were called ott 4 t ssel could be considered out at sea till i7lll ol,i s sed the Bell Buoy. qiu,l n un. took this view of the case also, and in ) ''.et l " l ,..ent, cited several authorities on the law of htit a tlis decision must be for the defendants gene the plaintiffs were entitled to something for th e. B . alth oug h an acc id en t h a d preven t e d th em Vtioh e , lt eontract, he should award them two guineas, to th e two guineas already paid into court. ."So on behalf of the defendants, applied for N'tlh, "lift said each party must pay their own costs. i t at ;t, for the plaintiffs, applied for leave to show onofilture time for larger damages. While t ring in every word of his Honour's judgment, Iti l i kb h i s ntri had been mentioned in the contract, he lq, z 'Y for larger damages. 1 1 , 1 t4 tio t i t) ta. said he would not be slow to grant his k w ll ,lo,„' as the case in all its bearings was a most im yeruto steam-tug proprietors and ship-owners ; 1 4,4 4 :2P Plaintiffs, in proving their case, had dwelt ttlti l gl aeas as the sum us ua lly pa id f or t owing ou t si c . ) ;l i gh there wa s no amoun t men ti one d i n th e , 1 1,1t tl i c 4 " it was, no doubt, the understood sum, and Veit t i b e n as such as a matter of course. was perfectly satisfied, and ultimately with ,. tax;OPtication.—The court was crowded with A L .,, (41 8 to hear the decision. 1), 11,,' t kING A SEAMAN'S SHIPPING NOTE. to, .ko 1 00 b. b r-i ft gave judgment this morning in the case 'rost, jun., in which the plaintiff claimed e ked be alt o , due on a shipping note, given by a ttl e :alk ti ti Wright, who had lodged with plaintiff. t.1, 1 ' for ~a(1 signed a blank note, which plaintiff had ; .4 75., bat afterwards altered and endorsed 1 4 ' e afl e ," I ld taken it to Mr. Frost's office to be cashed. V e, ti a rl, noticing the alteration, refused to pay t iAtio r , hs- 7 1 nt, and told the plaintiff to take it to the te, tl eto see that the alteration would be correct, Hi doing so he put it into the hands of an lionour decided that the defendant was c onsequence of the alteration by the plaintiff. TUESDAY MORNING, OCT. 26, 185 THE LAST CHARGES AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT. REVIVAL OF CONVOCATION THE veracity of The Times has become almos. proverbial. The correctness of the statements with respect to the movements of any political patty to which it may happen at the moment to be opposed are especially deemed worthy of implicit confidence. One of the last items in this category consists in the announcement that Lord DERBY and his col leagues are about to advise her MAJESTY to call together THE HOUSES OF CONVOCATION for the general dispatch of business. This authentic in formation could create no surprise among those who are conversant with The Times, and with the opinions of Her MAJESTY'S Government, for it is about the most improbable story that could he told. It will not be doubted that, if Convocation were now to be assembled for the exercise of ALL the powers which it claims, the views of the great body of the Church, especially of the laity, would be by no means adequately represented. - . key ~s 'FRAUD SUMMONSES. •fie ° ` s of these cases on the list, and three in- We cannot believe that Lord DERBY would lend himself to so unpopular a measure; but the im probability of such a circumstance is too manifest to admit of any one being honestly misled on the sub ject. Indeed The Times itself did not dare persist long in treating its own announcement as precisely correct ; hut, shifting its ground, it presently adopted the statement of a contemporary, to the effect that the royal license, which is necessary in order to enable the Convocation to enter upon business, would be confined to measures for the self-reform of the body. What fresh suggestions the leading journal may make on this subject before the meeting of Parliament, we can hardly guess; but we do not anticipate that its Protean exertions, though combined with the most imperturbable effrontery, will succeed in depriving Lord DERBY of the sympathy of the sternest Protestant. Lord DERBY'S career hitherto has been a sufficient gua rantee of his attachment to the Protestant cause; and when CONVOCATION does meet, if it should appear that the royal license has empowered it to decide upon matters the result of which might be noxious to the welfare of the Church, the Govern ment will have to answer for it to the Protrtant community. But till that time comes, no one will seriously expect to find Lord DERBY in so false a position. 10 "()win z lb c k -- e Judgments were given. Commitments : veterinary-surgeon, 6, Shaw's _ or domestic, payments were customarily made in gold, we should then have to take into the calcula tion the large additional amount which the more plentiful supply of gold would cause to be consumed for purposes of use and ornament. But it is well known that as a circulating medium gold enters much less than formerly into the ordinary transac tions of business. By the modern system of bank ing, and the facilities given for the interchange of cheques and bills, ours is substantially a paper currency, gold constituting merely the small change of business, or the compellable deposit as a security for the issue of notes. There are few of even the tradesmen of the present day who do not keep banking accounts through which they make their payments ; and the little use of gold is still further shewn in the system of what is called the Clearing- house, or the mutual interchange of cheques put.. sued by the London hankers. To so great an ex tent is this carried, that it was shewn that in one year, out of a hundred millions which changed hands through the London Clearing-house, not two million was paid in money, and of this the greater part was in Bank of England notes. Taking, therefore, these facts into consideration, it is possi ble to over-estimate the effect of the large importa tions of gold upon general prices, and we believe it will be found to be the case long after the supply will be supposed to have exceeded the demand. We must not, however, leave out of view the stimulus to speculation, owing to the facilities for making advances by banks of issue, arising from their better command of specie. Speculation has always tended to enhance prices, irrespective of the amount of gold available for circulation; but the latter cir- It is very clear that The Times, like all other op ponents of the Government, is sorely puzzled for topics of attack. Foreseeing that Lord DERBY and his colleagues, instead of boasting and vapour ing, and making large promises to the People, will commence the business of the new Parliament with candour and modesty, and, from deference to pub lic opinion, will forbear from forcing on the Legis- lature the propriety of reviewing our commercial policy, The Times uses the following language : " Candour and humility, artless ingenuousness and modest good sense, are all good things in their way, and will be displayed in perfection by the whole administrative corps ; but these qualities only tell on the moral sense ; and a moral appeal will no more carry the House of Commons than a pathetic excuse for failure will appease a multitude assembled to see a man walk across a ceiling or into a quart bottle." We cannot help being struck with the extreme fitness of The Times to be the exponent of a body which scorns qualities " which only tell on the moral sense ;" but we cannot admit the accusation to be applicable to the House of Commons generally. With certain classes of Liberals, indeed, whom The Times has at present under its protection, " can- g, 14, Buley-street, Kirkdale, carver and dour and humility, artless ingenuousness, and mo dest good sense," are of very little estimation. Folks of this stamp, wishing to gain or to keep office, would never hesitate to undertake things quite as difficult as walking across a ceiling or into a quart bottle, and would never dream of the ne cessity for offering any excuse for their failure. Lord DERBY and his Government, however, will not undertake such difficult performances ; but they will do all they promise to do, and all that is necessary for the welfare of the country; and they will not require to make " pathetic" or any kind of rn, 38 Preston-street potato-dealer, 30 days. `giq,lsl/1 ' ek, attorney, 20, Dale-street, 30 days. k: l ' s ° l4 , 1, Dale-street, eating-house keeper, 30 if t4i c , 4 , 1, Blackstock-street, 30 days. ' q4ll,roith, l an di ne -vraiter, 30 days. 114 0 d, Upper Milk-street, weighing-porter, 30 cumstance, as a primary cause, may operate in a more powerful degree, and in this respect produce a rise not otherwise attributable to the mere fact of the excessive supply of the circulating medium. The correctness of this view of the case is borne out by recent circumstances, for long after the re turns of the large stock of bullion in the Bank of England no sensible effect was experienced, until the accession of the present Administration operated to restore that confidence in public affairs which is necessary to induce speculation. Indeed, it is one of the good results of Conservative government that redundant capital is made available for the employment of labour and the promotion of com merce ; and if there was no other reason, many would consider this a sufficient one why all classes should support the administration of the Earl of DERBY. ;:tl4 M'KINNA V. SHAW. L! ) ,t 0 44 internleader, on behalf of a person named 'll 4 I :etover a quantity of goods seized under an 04 t ainst Shaw, but which he claimed as his pro haY4un had marrieda grand-daughter of Shaw's. Occacionally lived together, but the gpods 4 ,aj s Q een purchased by Strayson on his marriage. I N, ,succeeded to the tennacy of a poulterer's l 'of,,, c4 ln's Market, formerly occupied bv Shaw's b et "t e erepted to be shown that there had been e~ld e ti e t h a t t h e s tr p k a y r s t e i e n s , h b a u d t a t h l i e l m f l a i e l l e a d t in , a nedn the INSOLVENCIES Veral ca excuses for their failure. The jilrorning Herald says— We are authorised FHE CAUSES OF RAILWAY ACCIDENTS. RAILWAY ACCIDENTS naturally excite the cu• riosity and fears of all classes and individuals of the community. Every man is a traveller nowa days ; and every one, more or less, frequently in the course of the twelve months runs the risk of suf fering from those sad catastrophes which it is so often our painful duty to chronicle. Every one, therefore, feels a sort of personal interest in every Railway accident which occurs, and claims the right of investigating into its origin. The public naturally desires, and authoritatively demands, from the managers of those great high ways, that they should exercise such vigilance and skill as to reduce danger of travelling on them to a minimum. The frequent occurrence of accidents must, of course, beget especial jealousy in the public mind, and ought to excite corresponding in crease of diligence in the responsible parties. A series of melancholy events which have re cently taken place, has brought this subject very prominently under the attention of the public; and the Press has been lending its assistance towards a thorough investigation of the matter. In some quarters there exists a strong prejudice against the Directors of Railway Companies, which we do not believe to be in all cases justified. In order to as certain how far the public has a right to complain, a careful examination of the number and origin of Railway Accidents is evidently most desirable. A paper on this subject has been lately read to the Institution of Civil Engineers by Captain MARK HUISII ; and, without forgetting that this gentle man is connected with the administration of the LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY, we cannot but deem this document to he a most valuable one. It ought to be a source of satisfac tion to the public, and it should decrease the odium which is rather indiscriminately heaped upon Rail way Directors—to know that the proportion of travellers injured by Railway accidents, is not at all comparable to that of the sufferers from Coach accidents in former times; and that in truth, more people, in all probability, are injured by horse-con veyance even now, than by conveyance on Rail ways. Such facts as that, out of nearly eight millions of persons who travelled on the London and North-western during the year 1851, only one was killed, tend, in some measure, to allay public But let us see, from Captrin Huisx's paper, what are the chief sources of accident, and to whom the blame is generally attributable :—lt appears in the first place, that now-a-days, when the increased weight and velocity of trains require a firmer and better road, and better rails than formerly, the quality of the rails supplied has actually been deteriorated. For such a source of mischief the Managers of the Railway are clearly responsible to the public ; and it is therefore for tunate for them that remarkably few accidents, as we are informed by Captain HuisH, have arisen on this account. We were startled on finding that wilful and malicious obstruction of the line is a matter of constant occurrence. " It is little known," we are told, " how injurious and various these attempts are," and we ought therefore to feel grateful to the Companies for the vigilance which has prevented them from often becoming the cause of accident. In the next place, the development of traffic has necessitated the construction of much siding accommodation, and the consequent multi plication of points, which, of course, increase the demand for constant care, and a perfect signal system. Apropos of " self-acting switches," one of the enumerated sources of danger, a very re markable observation is contained in the paper. We are told it may be taken as a general rule, " that so far from machinery being a means of safety (when used for superseding personal inspection and manipulation), it is usually a source of increased danger." Imperfections in Carriages are very seldom the cause of accident, and heating of the axle is likely to be entirely obviated by the intro duction of the patent axle-box. Merchandise wag gons, it appears, are too rudely and imperfectly constructed at present; and that the paucity of mis adventures from that cause is a subject of surprise. But the injury to life and property, caused by the condition of the road and the machinery upon it, is not, we learn, one tithe of that which results from inattention to signals, and neglect of regulations. This is the fertile source of the catastrophes of to give the most unqualified contradiction, for the second time, to an assertion, which has been pub lished by The Times, that it is the intention of Her MAJESTY'S Ministers to sanction the revival of the active powers of Convocation. There is not, and never has been, the slightest foundation for such a rumour. Her MAJESTY'S Government of this description, but con blie interest, with the exception of the forth some severe remarks from Vtil,rtipt RE ROBERT MOORE. t a '' applied for his final order on his peti ot 0p p , 1 .. 1 appeared on behalf of one of the cre 'o,2ls t ,,'"e the application ; and examined the t o ' r certain bill transactions between himself S t ; r 1 b the name of Ashley, who was formerly pt p tics Office, but who bad since absconded N. 1 ,1 13 :° , n the evidence, it appeared that the N ti , l4 th a ",fish-salesman, and that he and Ashley habit of accepting bills for each other, to tto i th • 4 15 0: co rr their means. th lilt ?n behalf of the bankrupt, examined I,ll4lz:editor, Mr. Cambridge, also a clerk in 41:111 ti ey tid l c, Offices, and elicited from him that he 0 ) had also had some bill transactions ° z 4 " others. hi 4 Ou tt epe e re probated th e sys t em , w hi c h h a d come tith 3 ! clerks in public offices accommodating ha v He held a very strong opinion on RetTg mesas n as a lamenta counsel blein inthstan London Courts. ces of its effects ~. It e 7 e ion of imputing any thing against the but he reprobated the sort of speculation have not, we most distinctly declare, entertained the question for one moment. We understand that it was in consequence of a foolish wager on the Stock Exchange that our contemporary was hoaxed into the promulgation of the absurdity in question." anxiety vbo e 0, .exarnination, ! i rt of Told not encoura,. t 1. 44,.',,` e '1ia in public offices itNZioe-isued that the bankrupt . was not entitled to k ° ia titi ° f the court. He was not in a proper Iclls as e had done. li:4lll4ttitesahhrnitbited that Mr. Cambridge had not tlp: h a r t himself as to Moore's ability to meet . 41 4 °1.14 s a Yen up on behalf of Ashley. tii7 t. l l i t , „aid that if the opposition had come from ttTe,town he would have given a different 114 he t tlere they had the opposing creditor 11:t.1 h e k lo accuse the insolvent of practising a R ott tld e , "'ltself was pursuing also. As it was, dle Oat be a dj ourne d f or f our mon ths, tiktille-AriZt,he insolvent without protection for a Iti ...22 p e ,;c a o r tn y e up for final judgment on the • 1t1,..t, _ t‘fter: AT EGITAM.—A fatal duel took place on it:4 tart c o' at Priesthill, near the village of Eg ifttdttrik,ielracerned consisting of six Frenchmen,. , Oil. Pro ceedsed to Windsor by an early train, and k l atki ( Nd to the fatal spot. Intelligence Y/in la fleelved by th police at Chertsey about . iti:Nil st -413 evening, and e they found the victim i p ies at e a ,. an :4%,,,.,!ed g e t inn on . Erigh.field-green, and ii, : t.j ht t p i. ' Bapti: :, iti errianly-looking persons, who gave i t!tve e neh,.... l ea 3 Y, Morney, Alain, and Barronnet, i 1 ,4 tk 1 % ...en, were shortly afterwards arrested. ; i tt tl t :§ l . 4 b o ,,ut, of Charlotte-street, Fitzroy-square, t 4 1)(tEl i .,:q,of the deceased as that of M. Courne . Iti i k ,t(ll l° Eis iTged in London, at 41, Knight Ryder -4,lt)'. ° l' fl 4 .7,Years of age. The prisoners have been lii,N,,, owier examination. Y i lt / 10,Sti l ,„ 11 • do look here, Dear ! How extremely lo i ts;: e ly 1" ado are, to be sure. What a v O e little C. ..." lia t o .ei).....,, L (rapidly . chang ,klVl' lI'S ~‘ Yes, yes ! Beautiful ! beautiful ! but 4 .., "at f e l lo w agnificent brown horse, and how titi l ll a q.k Iv sits him I "—Punch. t ll THE T . nE —We have lately t i 'l l !. ti N t ° a f it a wha c l Suffering n-Ae ' severely with the Lit'titeetied Ki th any poor creature, and especially a I,titii : pt i4 ',,01,11v.e rez`ueltich, al malady, particularly as there 01 1 Zi .ti lt a a Et wy ai ll ean ex a trac l tio r n o , and there is no "have it out." ti ti 4ht prlther a f ormidab p le P t y oothpick if it happens , 11 ,Zo tir l e reli4 fr ; but the suffering whale r w a ci e u e l i d .de ex n: 4 . ' 4 1.0:e rnuutfistsuccohnf d e e s s n t w a l e — d o i r s r e a t i h e b l e ve the story -4 i whi e t t i s E 9 ve r y unlike A whale,— , - - --- untenable, for, if the Bank is compelled to purchase which we daily hear so much. Level crossings, as RAILWAY AMALGAMATION.—We have received a letter from any amount of gold at a fixed price, it has also the might be expected, have, in the absence of such "An Independent Shareholder," on the subject of the pro- privilege of having the gold so purchased converted attention, been the cause of many sad occurrences, posed amalgamation of the Leeds and Northern, with the York, Newcastle, and Berwick, and the York and North into the same relative number of sovereigns with which will be found recorded in the Parliamentary Midland Railways; but it bears so much the appearance of a which to pay for the next supply, so that the fixed ' returns. Again, the running powers, so often circular designed to cheaply advertise a particular interest price is in reality a mere guarantee for the weight granted to one Company to run over the line of that we decline to give it insertion. r We shall be ',, o py, a t a ll ti m e s , to receive communicatio ns 1 and fineness of each particular sovereign, the nomi- ' another, naturally increase the risks of this class. 177 - - -.• general interest ; and if ourtriends nal value of which will be the same whatever may ; "If," says Captain HUISII, " with the wh o l e - ticate the same by their signa- b e t h e excess i n num b er over t h e requ i rements of . ene rg i es of a concentrated establishment, under • - , 11 feel obliged. trade and commerce. well-known rules and discipline, danger cannot be .... With reference to the first view of the case, as to avoided, what must be expected from strange and the effect upon prices, it must be received with i rival executives using the same line of rails, and considerable modification, which will materiall y unacquainted with its peculiarities ?" Unpunctuality, affect the conclusions to be drawn. If in all the i according to this authority, is not practically the ordinary transactions of business, whether foreign source of so much mischief as has been supposed, and would be by no means formidable, were the Signal arrangements perfec c that, it. the punctuality, carefulness, and regularity of the Servants of the Railway Companies, that the public Railway has to 100 transit. It is, therefore, a remarkable fact, that the Government Commissioner who has just reported on the subject, finds that, while the traffic and re ceipts of the Railway C menting, - )mpanies have been aug decreased, and the nutn The Public, and the Press, and Juries, will there fore he most careful hereafter in ascertaining, on the occurence of any Railway accident, whether the Directors have done their duty, in respect of the number, efficiency, and trustworthiness of their servants, and will visit negligence and parsimony in this respect with deserved reprobation and punish. THE DUTY ON TEA [FROM A CORRESPONDENT.] THE following are patent reasons n•hy the present extra vagant rates of duty on tea should he reduced : Because they average from 200 to 300 per cent. on the value of all tea imported ; whilst on all other necessaries of life duties are either totally abolished or greatly dimi nished, for instance, corn, coffee, rice, sugar, &c. A reduction in the duty would eventually lower the cost to the consumer, which would be gladly hailed by thou. sands, nay millions, of the middle and humbler classes, the tendency of which could not fail from producing a moral effect. Our trade with China would be greatly extended ; our exports of manufactures being now necessarily cramped and confined to our power of consumption of tea, they having comparatively little of any other article to give us in return, with the exception of raw silk. Have we not also a duty to perform towards the Chinese ? Do they not admit our manufactures at a nominal duty of 5 to 15 per cent., whilst we tax their exports 200 to 300 percent. There are several other good reasons why the Govern ment should reduce the present high rate of duty on tea, (2s. 21d. per lb. ;) and the Chancellor of the Exchequer should not suppose that, because the public are passive, they are either lukewarm or indifferent on the subject, the fact being that they have confidence in the present Govern ment, and look forward to something being done. The only argument against a reduction could be the old but worn-out cry of jeopardising the revenue, but a marked reduction of Is. per lb. would very soon be made up by increased consumption. Perhaps there is no article which would be more generally and generously used if to be had at a moderate figure, than that of tea, and none which could have so beneficial effect in a moral point of view. We may add, that if the China trade were fully developed, it would very soon require 100 more new clipper ships to carry it on, which, with the sxtra seamen they would require, is worthy the attention of the Government. THE SUPPLY OF GOLD THE continued influx of gold into this country, not only from the vast resources of California, through the United States, but also more directly from the not less prolific gold fields of Australia, has very naturally excited much anxious specula tion as to its probable future effects upon the trade and prices of this country. There is no disputing the facts, for they are abundantly proved by the weekly returns from the Bank of England, where the large stock of bullion is maintained notwith standing the exports of the precious metals, the money taken out by the numerous emigrants, and the large sums withdrawn for the purposes of in creased trade and the public works which, owing to the easiness of the money market, have been resumed. It has been estimated by a rough mode of calculation, from the difficulty of obtaining cor rect data, that the amount of gold available for the circulating medium is approaching almost double what it was a few years since, when the Bank of England was compelled to negotiate for an advance from the Bank of France, and the stock of bullion was reduced to so small an amount that the Go vernment was induced to publicly sanction a sus pension of the Restriction Act, in order to save the national credit; and although this estimate may be far beyond the truth, it is by no means beyond the bounds of probability. Reasoning upon this assumption, it has been argued that the effect of such a vast addition to the circulating medium will be virtually to double the prices of all the ordinary articles of consumption, and by so doing to cancel half the National Debt and all fixed obligations, and indeed to benefit the producer to this extent at the cost of the consumer. Some have also argued upon the hardship of the Bank of England being still compelled to buy gold at the price fixed by law of £3 17s. 9d. per ounce, when, owing to the enormous additional supply, it must have fallen considerably in value. A slight consideration will serve to show the latter position to be altogether POLICE COURT Y.- _ E STE RD AY. " THE BETTER THE DAY THE BETTER THE DEED."— Philip Garrigan was charged with attempting to pick pockets in St. Francis Xavier's Chapel, in Salisbury street, on Sunday last.—Mary Bates said she felt pri soner's hand in her pocket, and Miss Brookfield gave similar evidence. Committed for one month. SHOP ROBBERIES. — Thomas llcMannon was charged by David Turner with stealing four silk pocket-handker chfcfs from his shop in Whitechapel, on Saturday night. Prisoner came into the shop and expressed a wish to pur chase handkerchiefs, and some were shown. His con duct being suspicious, he was watched, and finding him self an object of attention, he suddenly rushed out of the shop, but was pursued by Mr. Turner, who saw him drop the handkerchiefs in the street. Prisoner was also charged with stealing a vest from 'Mr. Hope's clothing warehouse, in the same street. He was sent to ; - .,a0l for three months.—Elizabeth Meredith was committed for trial for a similar offence, namely—stealing three silk handkerchiefs from the shop of Mr. Francis Brown, in Great George-street. THEFT FROM A BUTCHER'S SHOP.—Ann Bracket was committed for seven days, and Mary Ed wards for one month, for stealing nibs. of mutton from the shop window of Mr. James Bolton, in Mill-street, on Saturday. A REAL " HOUSEBREAKER."—,James Curran was com mitted for three months as is suspicious character, and for being found in the shop of David Dryden, in Marybone. To obtain entrance, the prisoner had broken through the partition wall of the premises. The only article missed was about 3lbs. of cheese. The prisoner's own mother had given the information to the police. AN "UNJUST STEWARD."—John Jackson and William Atway, were committed for one month each for stealing Gibs. of biscuits from the ship Aurora, of which one of them was steward. The property was found upon them on the Victoria dock quay. COMMITMENTS.—WiIIiam Falloon, one month, for stealing 20lbs. of " shakings" or old ropes, from the barque Lyned, in Queen's dock. Patrick Newall, one month, for stealing a coat from Isaac Brunton Edwards. The coat was hanging in the lobby of complainant's house, and prisoner had deliberately walked off with it, but it was afterwards found upon him.—Antony Eshen, one month, for attempting to steal seven corn bags from a ship in the Waterloo dock. They had been removed from one part of the vessel to another, preparatory to making off with with them. Prisoner was a very celebrated character on the police books. THE REV. DR. BENEDICT CHAPMAN, master of Gon ville and Caius College, Cambridge, died on Saturday afternoon, at the Rectory-house, Ashdon, Essex, a living in the gift of Caius College to which he was presented in 1818. He was in his 84th year. ROYAL INSTITUTION SCHOOL.—The examination for the Iliff Scholarship at the above institution has just ter minated in favour of Mr. G. P. Abram. In the classical part of the examination, Mr. R. Duckworth stood first, and Mr. Abram second ; and in the mathematical part, Mr. Glen first and Mr. Abram second. As neither Mr. Abram nor Mr. Duckworth proceed this year to the Uni- versity, the scholarship has been transferred to Mr. J. H McCheave, who stood third in the examination, and who has lately been elected Scholar of Lincoln College, Ox ford. The classical examiner was Mr. H. Weir, M.A., late Scholar of Caius College, Cambridge ; and the ma thematical examiner the Rev. J. Bell, M.A., Fellow of Jesus College. ARTIFICIAL EYES. —Yesterday, at two o'clock, a number of professional gentlemen met M. Boissonneau, at the St. Ann's Dispensary, and Eye and Eir Institu tion, when upwards of 20 cases were introduced—all patients who had lost each one eye, and in the majority of instances the loss had been sustained some years ago. On this occasion the stay of M. Boissonneau being short, he was compelled to defer the treatment of several patients for the time of his next visit ; but in 12 cases, and these nearly all young people, the artificial eye was applied with complete success—by which, it is to be understood, that it perfectly resembled in appearance and corres ponded in all its motions to the natural eye of the oppo site side. PAGANINI AND HIS FAVOURITE VIOLIN,—" I shall never forget," says Paganini, " that 1 once placed myself in a position which was to form the turning point of my whole career. The Prince de had long felt a desire to become the possessor of my excellent violin, which I still retain, and which was then the only one I had. He sent to me one day, in the endeavour to make me fix a price for it ; but, reluctant to part with my instrument, I declared that I would only do so for 250 gold Napoleons. The prince remarked to me, shortly afterwards, that I was probably joking when I asked so much, but that he was disposed to go as far as 2,000 francs. I was, that very day, in much embarrassment as to funds, owing to a con siderable loss encountered at play ; so that I was on the point of resolving to give up nay violin for the sum offered, when a friend came in, with an invitation to join a party in the evening. My whole supply amou n t e d t o 30 f rancs; and I bad already stripped myself of my watch, jewels, rings, pins, &c. I formed the instant resolve to hazard my last pittance, and then, if fortune were adverse, to sell the violin for what had been offered, and set off for Pe tersburg, without either instrument or property, there to re-establish my circumstances. My thirty francs were presently reduced to three, and I fancied myself already on the road towards the great city, when fortune, shifting like the glance of an eye, turned my petty remainder into a gain of 160 francs. That favourable moment rescued my fiddle, and set me on my feet. From that day I re nounced gaming, to which a portion of my youth had been sacrificed ; and, in the conviction that a gambler is universally despised, I abandoned for ever that fatal pas sion."—The Violin, by George Dubourg. NOTICE rOF A RECENT STEAM-BOAT EXPLOSION closes as follows :—" The captain swam ashore, so did the chambermaid. She was insured for 16,000 dollars, and was loaded with iron." THE SUPPLY OF COTTON. WE perfectly agree with the remarks of the Manchester Guardian, expressed last Saturday, in an article under the above heading, that " it is exceedingly desirable, for the sake of all parties connected with the import, the con sumption, and the ordinary buying and selling of cotton, that their operations should be founded on correct views of the existing stocks, the weekly consumpt probable future supply and demand for that important n, and th material ; allow the s lulled into a " we hare set ourselves, sneers a phase in comrr as cotton, Our contemnon 1851-2 ceeded that of the preceding year by no less ) there was a decrease in the aster in Europe and the United Stat )body can disc Hence, he adds, " it may seem unquestionable that there has been an enormous increase in the consumption. ' We conceive, however, that it is necessary to go a little 'ram th not be at the present moment in the hands of spinners and manufacturers question the Guardian attempts are his proofs facturer ; lie remarks and so far are we in came nners and mannfacturc 001 s pa In proceed names break no bones rs if, in here were no speculation ; a le engage admits that " the s over, as unworthy of notice, nere speculators ton crop c The affirmative of this to maintain ; and we shall see what Usti sp " The deliveries to the trade from the port of Liverpoc this year have averaged no less than 37,633 bales weekl against 31,136 bales last year bales per week. Now the point to he determined is, whe ther the whole, or nearly the whole of this excess has been consumed ; or whether it has not, to a considerable extent at least, gone to swell the stocks in the hands of the spinners and manufacturers. The first question which presents itself is this. If 6,500 additional bales of cotton have been worked up intoyarn and cloth, what Las become of the produce ? If we turn to the accounts of the exports of cotton manufactures, down to the sth ultimo, we find that there has been no perceptible change,—an increase of six millions of pounds of yarn being about balanced by a decrease of 21,500,000 yards of cloth, Clearly, then, foreign markets have not taken off the produce of the 6,500 bales of cotton which are supposed to have gone into consumption. As little are they to be found in the hands of the producers ; for stocks of goods and yarn were never lower than at the present time, when almost every spinner and manufacturer is working to order, and sending his goods to the buyer as fast as they are produced. There remains, then, only the consumption at home, by which, if at all, the supposed excess of production can have been absorbed. The home trade has certainly been good during a considerable part of the year; but anybody engaged in it would scout as an absurdity the notion that it had taken off an amount of cloth equal to the produce of 6,500 bales of cotton per week, or of half that quantity. If, then, the produce of the additional 6,500 bales of cotton delivered from Liverpool has neither been exported or taken by the home trade, nor is to be found in the hands of spinners and manufacturers, a large portion of that excess must remain unconsumed in the hands of the spinners." This is not by any means so logical a deduction as the Guardian supposes ; for in the first three months of the cotton year of 1851, viz.: up to the Ist of January, prices ranged very high ; and to economize the stock the manu facture of light fabrics was very extensively resorted to ; and this state of things continued to some extent up to the close of the year. Hence, it would be no very difficult matter to export as great a number of yards of cloth in 1851, as in 1852, notwithstanding the disparity between the supplies of the raw material. But where is the evi dence of the Guardian to support this assertion that the increased purchases of this year are either in the hands of spinners, or, as our contemporary ingeniously states, of carriers ? An authority quite as trustworthy as the Guardian—the October circular of Messrs. Hermann and Cox, of Lcndon and Liverpool, remarks on this point " if spinners hold large stocks, invariably large quantities will be found in the sheds and warehouses of the railway and canal carriers ; from careful enquiries we find such is at present not the case, and we have a further proof in the immediate deliveries of the purchases made by spinners, they very rarely taking advantage of the 10 days free warehousing allowed." How this statement bears out other remarks of the Guardian that spinners have been buying largely throughout the year in anticipation of advanced prices, and that they invariably " cover every contract for the future delivery of yarn by an immediate purchase of cotton," is not very clear. With respect to the stocks in the United States and in Europe, the Guardian admits that he has not the same opportunities (?) of forming an opinion as he has with respect to spinners' stocks in this country. Our contem porary says : " The American spinners have taken about 600,000 bales from the ports of that country, being an increase of about 50 per cent. over their purchases in the preceding year; but there is no more reason than in the case of the excess of deliveries from Liverpool, to suppose that that quantity has been consumed. During the previous year, when high and manifestly unsafe prices were ruling, they held only just as much cotton as enabled them to carry on their business. When prices declined, in consequence of the ascertained abundance of the crop of 1851, they be came large purchasers, and have doubtless, like their competitors in England and upon the continent of Europe, kept up their stocks to the present time." It is perfectly notorious to all candid men connected with the cotton trade, that the falling off in the consumption of the raw material, which took place in the United States in 1851, was occasioned by its high price, the Americans being manufacturers almost altogether of heavy fabrics, with which they could not, with cotton at Bd. to 9d. per lb., con.pete against the fine goods of Europe. That with comparatively low priced cotton they have extended their production is much more likely than that an extra stock is held in the bands of their spinners. The apparent consumption of the States this year is 11,609 bales per week, against 7,769 in 1851 ; and we have little doubt that this is pretty nearly the real consumption. The stock at the ports was, on the Ist September, only 91,000 bales, against 128,000 bales the preceding year. France has consumed 10,062 bales per week in the first eight months of this year, against 7,882 bales last year ; and the stock in the ports was only 17,025 hales more on the Ist September this year than the same date last year. The rest of Europe has consumed 15,316 bales per week for the first eight months of this year, against 13,193 bales for the corresponding period of last year. The stocks were, on the Ist Sept., 1852, 93,677 bales; and in 1801, 80,674. There is nothing beyond mere assumption to bear out the fact that this increase in the quantity taken from the ports is attributable to larger stocks than usual being held in the hands of spinners. The manu. factures of the North of Europe are principally heavy fabrics ; and there has, no doubt, been an increased con sumption of the raw material. The total consumption of Europe and the United States, as shewn by Messrs. Harmann and Cox, has been this year 76,589 bales per week, against 59,674 in 1851. This consumption requires for a year 3,982,628 bales of cotton, to be supplied to European countries and the United States from the latter country, the Eastern and the European markets. The total importation this year, from all countries, including the quantity retained for American consumption, was 3,G77,000, against 3,025,000 bales in 1851. The total stock in America and Europe was, on the Ist of September 1852, only 914,000 bales, against 1,007,000 bales at the same date of 1851. We leave it to the good sense of the manufacturing interest whether this a state of things which ought to be glossed over by absurd assumptions ; or whether, with even a greater crop in the United States and elsewere than last year, and irrespective of speculation, higher prices of cotton may not be looked for. Manufacturers themselves, it is well known, have largely increased their mill power. We have just had the central provinces of South America opened out to British enterprise. Money is becoming increasingly abundant; and not only cotton but every other article of produce is moving gradually upwards in price. New communities, with largely increasing consuming power, are being formed in Australia, and along the whole line of the Pacific ocean. Undoubtedly it would have been a wise exercise of fore sight to have provided earlier for this state of things ; but the journalist is no friend to the manufacturing com munity who attempts to hoodwink them, and bids them shut their!eyes against the actual facts of their position. It ought to be borne in mind, too, in dealing with this question, that the waste, in spinning cotton has been greater than at any recent period, owing to the increased quantity of dirt in the cotton, which, to sonic extent, bears out the suggestions of some parties, that the warehouses of America have had a more than usual clearing. DEATH BY BURNING.—A child named Jas. Wright, 4 years of age, died on Friday last from the effects of burn ing on the 9:h inst.. his clothes having caught fire during the temporary absence of his mother. ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE A CLERGYMA N .—A s the Rev. David Seymour was returning home on Fridavnight last, in his gig, on the road f rcm Cl onfert to Lawrence town; a gun or pistol was snapped at him. He distinctly heard the cap exploding, and saw a man in dark-coloured clothes immediately run off in the fields ; fortunately the fire-arms did not go off. Mr. Seymour drove as fast as he could, and reported the outrage to the police at Lawrencetown. LIVERP' IBRARY. WE published, last week, a report of the public meet ing which was held for the inauguration of the Free Public Library and Museum, in Duke-street, by the worshipfu the Mayor. It s ,s a gratifying circumstance to observe -b inunluarl nn nnlitirnl foPlinc , nr 01111 S. tions of party difference, men of both sides took part, the Conservative Representative of Liverpool and the Liberal Representative of South Lancashire occupying prominent - i. Indeed it would be difficult to I positions on the occas show any possible connection of such institutions with f political feeling, but unfortunately oug h succes 11, their establishmen rgans of Radicalism has been I hold of by the inns of well-mean ey wou parties om they hih their own g Conservatives have d ged the ad frightened into 1 Ihiudged r own part we yield to none in the evictions, and the warmth of our advo- servative prim; ch really understood are the greatest amount of good to the greatest number, eny the claims of Radicalism to any special sup- port of the free libraries, as an unfounded assumption Tho Conservative Jy have alw sts of the labourin portion of the po however, be a question for grave del consulted pulat ion, and in heir physical welfare It ma the obj. w!.ich Radicalism claims so much credit. The to be best attained in t culty to be ove rig man, for whose me is not in providing the himself of the advanta as may ges thus .fforded. It be ima for the man who Thour of the hand or the head to devote the remainder of the evening to study of any kind ; and even when reading does form part of his occupation, it is more often of a frivo lous character than instructive in its tendency. The returns of the attendance at the newly-opened library show a daily increase, but they also show a preponderance for novels and amusement; and it remains to be seen whether the readers are members of that class of society for whose special behoof the institution is said to have been established. We do not, however, despair; good habits are not formed in a day; a good example has been set, the work of improvement has begun, and we look forward to see the industrious artisans of Liverpooi avail them selves of advantages which cannot fail to contribute to their moral, intellectual, social, and physical welfare. On Saturday an interesting donation was made by Mr. G. P. Perry, in the shape of the original MS. of a part of the fifth chapter of Roscoe's much-admired Life of Lorenzo di Medici, containing portions that are not given in the published editions. There are also several translations of poems that have not been printed. THE QUARTER SESSIONS ___..,____ These Sessions commenced yesterday, before Gilbert Henderson, Esq., the Recorder. The calender contains the names of 89 prisoners, charged with felony, and seven w:th misdemeanour; making a total of 96. Of this number there are none set down as having received a superior education ; six can read and write well ; forty six can read and write imperfectly; nine can read, but not write ; and thirty-five can neither read nor write. After the Court had been opened, in the usual form, and the proclamation against vice, profaneness, and im morality, had been read by P. Wright, Esq., the Clerk of the Peace, the following gentlemen were sworn on THE GRAND JURY. John Aitkin, merchant, Exchange-buildings, (foreman James Ackers, brewer, Vauxhall-road. Ellis Martin Brodie, merchant, Exchange-buildings. James Brebner, merchant, Water-street. James Gibson Carter, distiller, Dale-street. Henry Case, insurance broker, Exchange-buildings. William Kaye C , ,ubrough, merchant, Noth John-street, Wm. Ed. Thomas Duncan, merchant, Exchange-alley Wm. Charles Fosberry, merchant, Tithebarn-street. Michael Humble, shipbuilder, Neptune-street. James Harvey, gentleman, Falkner-square. John Job, merchant, Canning-place. John Longton, merchant, Exchange-alley North. Wm. Moore, soap-boiler, Vauxhall-road. Edward Denial Maddock, gentleman, Everton Edward Parry, tobacco broker, North John-street. Owen Tudor, share broker, Dale-street. Robert Woodward, corn merchant, James-street Henry Wood, iron merchant, Goree Piazzas. The learned RECORDER then proceeded to deliver his charge to the Grand Jury, nearly as follows :—Gentlemen of the Grand Jury,—The calendar to come before you on the present occasion contains the names of 96 persons who are to take their trial before this court. This list comprises all the commitments for the last two months, and, therefore, taking this as the average, it may fairly be presumed that the number of commitments for a year would amount to 600 from a population of 400,000 per sons. If this calendar may be taken as any evidence of the state of crime in this town, we may contrast it favour ably with the state of crime ten years ago, for I find that in the year 1842 there were no less than 702 prisoners sent for trial at this court. But, gentlemen, any favourable view which we might be justified in taking from this fact should rather encourage us to increased exertion in our efforts, rather than to relaxation. The picture before us, gentlemen, though it has its bright portion, still has spots in it sufficiently dark. For instance, there are very few offences committed by juveniles. This may arise from the very laudable exertions which are making in their behalf. But however that may be, the number in the present calendar is comparatively few. Again, gentlemen, there ,inst the t port —no charges of stealing from the warehouses or dock quays, nor is there any charge of receiving, connected with such offences. But, gentlemen, the character of the cases is rather more grave than usual. There are several cases of house-breaking, and in two instances it appears that empty houses were entered through the roofs. There are also many cases which manifest the appearance of active dangerous characters in the town. Pick-pockets abound, and you will find many of such characters exercising their calling with great activity at the pier heads, the railway stations, and even in the churches. There are also, gentlemen, many cases of street robbery, some committed in the day-time, and some at night, with great desperation, showing that in particular neighbour hoods of the town there exists a very dangerous class of persons. You will also find that there are many persona who frequent the dock quays, and, by the production of cards, make it a practice of plundering strangers, on their arrival, of their money. Considering, gentleuien,tbat this port has now become in an extraordinary degree a port of transit for passengers to various parts of the world, I shall feel it my duty to visit with the greatest severity any case where parties are convicted before me of depreda tions upon strangers. I think it peculiarly necessary that such persons should have all the protection which the police and the law would give them. Gentlemen, we still find that there are instances of without that caution which one a are no tlepred :rade or comme ___ to see them exercise. 'There is an instance of a sailor receiving £l2, which he might safely have deposited at the Sailor's Home ; but instead of doing so, he went away, met with some strangers, with whom he was induced to drink, and got robbed of all his money. Another case, where a sai lor had been paid off, he was seen tipsy, and followed by . „ a gang of men, knocked down, and robbed. However, we may hope, gentlemen, that sailors are becoming more wary in their character, and this may account for there being only two cases of this description. Gentlemen, I take great pleasure in expressing my satisfaction at the determination of the authorities to prevent unneces sary increase of public-houses in the town, for without a due restriction of the number of public-houses, it seems to me the due regulation of them is hopeless. If the number of such houses are not kept within due bounds it is quite clear that a stop cannot be effectually put, either by the police or authorities generally, to that which is a source of much crime and misery. The grand jury then retired, and the Court proceeded with the trial of prisoners. SYMPATHETIC PAPER.—It seems paper can he made out of sheet iron. May we recommend the use of this paper to Louis Napoleon ? It is decidedly the best ma terial for him to write his decrees upon. The Code Na poleon, too, when amended for the new Empire, should be printed on a similar kind of paper. The laws which govern'the French should be, like the French themselves, appropriately bound in iron.—Punch. AN INCIDENT OF A SPANISH BULLFIGHT.—A few years ago, the inhabitants of Seville read with surprise in the advertisements of an approaching bullfight this unusual cr T 7 l d en lo co th n e tra a r m y notice :—" When the third bull shall have attacked the amphitheatre. The picadors and receives three pairs of banderillas, a young peasant, by whom he has been brought up, will appear in removingth e c ircus . the ll e banderillaswill after bull, ull , another, will l an li d e , d a o f w te n r between his horns." The announcement of so singular a immense crowd The third bull appeared, an animal with splendid horns, and very brave : he slew four horses, received the bande- I fe ll a i t as, att a r r a id ete b d ec l a in me im f ail the torreros retired from the ring, leaving the bull stamping about, and shaking the bloody darts that hung from his neck. All at once a long whistle was heard. The bull paused and listened. It was repeated. He approached the barrier; and a young man leapt into the ring , calling the bull by it s name, " Mosquito Mosquito!" The animal knew its master, came to caress him, and was ap peased. The peasant gave it his hand to lick, and with the other began to scratchitbehind theears; anoperation which seemed to afford the poor brute much pleasure , he then gently removed th e banderillas which annoyed the neck of ;Mosquito, made it go down on its knees, and placed his head between its horns. The grateful bull seemed to listen with pleasure to a pastoral melody sung by the master. The admiration of the multitude, hitherto suppressed by surprise, burst forth with Andalusian violence end shook the building. Hearing this phrenzied applause, which had accompanied charm, ap peared to awake and return t o th e rea li ty. H e suddenly rose, bellowing ; and the peasant tried to escape. But it was too late. The animal, as though furious at being betrayed, tossed the young man into the air, received him again on his horns, gored him, trampled on him, crushed him to pieces, in spite of the efforts of the torreros. The juncion was supended ; and a phenomenon in Spain, the horrified public quitted the circus in silence.—March's Walk into North Spain. eration, whether he manner neat e work- provided, to avai s not so easy