The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-01-24 00:00:00

therpoof tatibarb, TUESDAY MORNING, JAN. 24, 1854. but involving as deep and difficult considerations as can challenge the minds and consciences of Christian men. I find it impossible to detach from punishment the Idea of retribution. The retribution which I mean is the con viction, brought home to the conscience of the offender by such pain and coercion as are compatible with humanity, that he cannot and shall not break the laws of the land with impunity, inasmuch as crime assuredly, When detected, entails punishment. Were it, indeed, to be supposed otherwise, were laws denuded of all that gives them life and force, they would become mere dead letters, and society be speedily crushed beneath the foot of fraud and•miolence. It may be gathered from what I have said, that the main end of human punishment is the prevention :of future crime; not only by the detected offender, but •by others who may witness, or hear of, this detection and punish ment. Thus, in decreeing and awarding punishment, both legislator and judge ought to have their eye on - two parties —the criminal, and the by-stander. While Tepudiating the idea of vengeance or vindictiveness, however, let us not forget that we have to deal with one who has actually, and perhaps repeatedly, violated the laws essential for the protection of society ; and who stands altogether on a dif ferent footing from him who has not done so, but, on the contrary, deserves well of society for the noble constancy with which he has resisted temptation, enduring the keen pangs of want, amidst surrounding plenty. The former we regard with pity, largely tinctured with sternness ; the latter with a warm and admiring sympathy. I would la; it down, therefore, not only as imprudent, but a posi tive wickedness, to inflict the slightest degree of punish ment more than suffices to ensure the attainment of the salutary ends proposed ; and this not only bees:age we, in doing so, exceed the authority delegated to us by -the Su preme law-giver, but because we may brutalize the offender; we are like to extinguish every spark of com punction that may yet smoulder within him, and, unhap pily, convert a criminal into a victim. It is the glory of our age that our criminal legislation is becoming yearly actuated by a more humane spirit. It is a vast experi ment that we are making on human nature ; but still, as I said on taking my seat in this place, mercy and justice must reflect each others rays, or neither deserves its name. The practical problem is, how so leniently to administer the criminal law, as not to encourage, perhaps I might say even tempt, the commission of crime ' • for there are brutal natures whom nothing but a rod of iron can sub due and keep in awe—on whom lenity is thrown away, and is as foolish and mischievous as severity is often cruel and even criminal. Suppose a youth should come before us with some eight, ten, or twelve previous convictions for felony, and other offences, as it were suspended from his neck in miserable profusion. Should such an one stand at the bar, and be found guilty, what, as matters at pre sent stand, is to be done with him ? Am Ito render the administration of justice ridiculous, that bar contemptible, and ourselves laughing-stocks, by passing a light sentence, quickly ensuring his return to us again and again, worse and worse ? Are we not, rather, from the past to judge the future ? and that if we go on as we have begun, in weak dalliance with duty, so he will be only serving a longer apprenticeship to crime ! He, whose heart is even most thoroughly suffused with the spirit of Christianity, and who would freely forgive a personal injury as often as it is inflicted, stands clothed with a sacred trust, when charged with the protection of society, by vindicating the authority of its laws ; and is called upon faithfully to discharge a different class of duties—to be just and fear not. But I will tell you how the noble spirit of Christian humanity would influence such an one : it would make him see in the offender before him, through the. thick black haze of guilt, one to be re claimed ; feeling that to treat him as irreclaimable, is to make him such ; and, in so doing, entail, on those doing so, a fearful amount of guilt in the eyes of him whose mercies we, ourselves, would fain experience every moment of our lives. Such an one as I speak of would not expend the force of his convictions on sentimental expressions, or desultory efforts, but on actions regulated by untiring patience and prudence. He would look, with true Sama ritan eye, on every youthful delinquent as a brand to be plucked out of the burning; and for that purpose would not be too nice or fearful in approaching the flame. He would say.—l regard your acts as evidence of a vicious habit of mind : and a very little of this reflection would startle him by suggesting the question " How was that habit first acquired ?" And by and by he would feel the humbling conviction that, to a large extent, he himself, as a member of the community, was responsible for the guilt before him, and would say with some of old, we are verily guilty concerning our brother ! And so indeed, in these times, the voice of God is loudly telling us we are • and if we neglect that voice, let us well beware ! The con sequences may be equally serious, individually and nationally. Let us not deceive ourselves, but each ask himself what have I done, individually, to abate this crying and alarming evil of juvenile delin quency ? To arrest this cancerous taint, fast eating its way to the very vitals of the community ? I repeat it, prevention is better than cure ; and that pre vention is to be successfully sodght for only in religious education. This is the mighty lever to which every one of us can put his hand, with wfiat vigour he may, and with the approving eye of God upon him. Why do we so anxiously and with such effort and sacrifice educate our own children ? For the very reason why we ought to assist,—l say very advisedly, assist the poor in educating theirs. Do not mischievously supersede their own efforts, but tell them to put their own shoulders to the wheel, and then aid them vigilantly and discreetly. I have tried to explain the views on which I act, with circumspect anxiety, in awarding punishment, from this seat of justice ; each particular case standing on its own merits, as dis closed, at the time, to him charged with the serious re sponsibility of dealing with it, and possessing the best means of information concerning it. No one in this court feels more acutely than I do, for those with whom it is my . stern duty to deal most severely ; and with reference to Juvenile offenders, I sometimes think, as I look at them from this chair, would that your profligate and abandoned parents stood in your place ! And let us hope that the legislature may presently find some means of dealing with them, directly and effectively, so laying the axe at the root of the tree. Gentlemen, my conduct in this seat, my acts and motives, have been entirely misapprehended —and that far and wide : God forbid that I should say intentionally, but precipitately. It may not signify much, perhaps, to any who hear me, but my feelings have been pained, not a little, by the way in which I have seen myself spoken of—compelled myself to be silent—in different parts of the kingdom, by those who were entirely mistaken as to facts. But believe me, gentlemen, my heart is a stranger to resentment ; and I know how to put a liberal construction on the motives and intentions of those who, I think, have dealt rather hardly with mine. If I can do nothing more in this seat, I will at least try , to show obedience to the divine precept, let your modera tion be known unto all men. 0, gentlemen, let not us worms be too anxious about the opinions of our fellow worms; but all of us seek the guidance of an enlightened conscience, in the discharge of whatsoever duties we have cast upon us." OUR MANUFACTUREV. G SUPREMACY IN DANGER. Tun strike and lock-out, in which unfortunate and ruin ous contest the masters and operatives of Preston - and other quarters have been for so long a period engaged, continues to rage with unabated violence, as yet offering no sign of capitulation on either side. In such a strife the evils inflicted on both sides are too important and momentous to allow of gratulation on the indomitable spirit evinced by each party, otherwise the unflinching resolution displayed might call forth expressions of very lively commendation• On a recent occasion we showed, on the authority of one of the most formidable league in struments, the nefarious means resorted to by COBDEN, BRIGHT, and the other leading stars of the league, for ear rying the objects of their gigantic conspiracy into effect. At the annual meeting of the Commercial Association, held in Manchester, on Tuesday last, the chairman, in al luding to the strikes, incidentally showed that the chief advantages promised by the leaders of that movement had proved entirely nugatory. He stated that " there is a close contest between the masters of this country and those of America, and of Germany, France, and Switzer land, and many other countries, for the possession of the market." We all remember that the League, the " great fact," as it was called, of the day, told us, in hundreds of forms, that if we would agree to take our corn, and other agricultural requirements, from the Americans and from our continental neighbours, those corn-growing people, abandoning all desire for so unprofitable an employment of industry as manufactures, would attend exclusively to agriculture, in order that they might have sufficient pro duce to meet our necessities. Gratitude and interest, we were also told, would combine in making them willing customers for our manufactures in exchange for their raw produce. This operation of reciprocal interests, we were likewise informed, would secure for us unfailing abund ance—cheap food—and a continual demand for manufac turing labour ; it was also to defend us against the effects of any sort of rivalry, but that which would arise among oar continental and transatlantic friends, as to who should enjoy the privilege of serving us cheapest and best. Alas for theoretical lore and a priori reciprocity ! Mr. As- TIN.L.L TURNED tells us that all these excellent customers are fast arranging themselves into active competitors for possession of our markets, and facts bear out his asser tions. Food has not been rendered uniformly plenty, nor permanently cheap—the prices of provisions of all kinds have risen so much without any corresponding rise in wages, that even the usually submissive agricultural la bourers have been goaded into a temporary rebellion, while' the more excitable operatives of the manufacturing districts have entered into such an organization for a com pulsory augmentation of wages as threatens to annihilate the staple manufacture of the kingdom. All this, be it remembered, has been brought about by those who, seek ing only their own aggrandisement, yet assuming the garb and the language of patriotism, raised the deceptive, though captivating, cry of free trade, from the operations of which, however, they carefully guarded their own in terests. This pseudo free trade has been established, and what have been its results ? Distress and misery have thinned the ranks of our agricultural population, thousands upon thousands of whom have become involuntary exiles. Thousands of those dependant upon the possession of colonial property have been irretrievably ruined. Manu facturing operatives are in a state of open war against their employers ; agricultural labourers' have been driven into insurrection from inability to earn bread. Who has gained by the system which has brought about this wide spread anarchy ? The League has obtained the glory of having brought into practical operation the behests of an illusory and chimerical theory, at an expense which threatens its own order with extermination. Foreigners have been enabled to palm their raw produce upon us for such an amount of our gold as enables them to rival us in manufactures, while ruining our agriculturists. One, and only one, direct and tangible benefit can be traced in Britain from the confusion and sacrifices by which this state of matters has been brought about—Connsx has re ceived £70,000 in hard glittering golden sovereigns, as his share of pickings from the spoil. True, it was called a national testimonial. What share was taken by a disin terested gentleman, named RICITARD Cosnws, in getting up that testimonial, is clearly enough shown byMr. ALE-A ANDER SoMERVILLE ably-written pamphlet on the Cobdenic policy. Averse as we are to placing reliance on free trade oracles, we cannot disguise from ourselves the unwelcome fact, that they have successfully earned for themselves the character of being truthful in their prognostications of evil—no interest has hitherto been threatened by them with ruin.which has not been visited by at least severe privation. Let, then, the manufacturers be on their guard, the evil day must be upon them when they are menaced in the croackings of these birds of evil omen. THE RECORDER OF HULL AND JUVENILE CRIME. FOR some time past SAMUua WARREN, Esq., Q.C., Recorder for the borough of Hull, has been subjected to the penalty inflicted upon great minds by little ones, and has expiated the offence of daring to think and act in dependently of coteries by sustaining an amount of per sonal misrepresentation, such as has seldom fallen to the lot of one so distinguished in the profession which he adorns. At the autumn sessions for the borough of Hull, it became the unwelcome duty of Mr. WARREN to pass sentence upon a juvenile culprit, and that sentence, we are bound by all that is known of his public and private character, to believe was, in his judgment, suitably appor tioned to the gravity of the offence it was meant to punish. Some parties—well-meaning men they might no doubt be, although it would be a stretch of credulity towards them to suppose they were equally acquainted with the case, in all its bearings, as was the judge who tried it—entertained a different view, and used every means to represent Mr. WARREN'S judgment as harsh and overstrained. So active, indeed, was theii zeal in this line of operation, that, by one means or another, they succeeded in inducing the HOME SECRETARY greatly to abridge the allotted term of imprisonment, and also to abate one of the sternest features of the punishment. A course of proceeding so unusual was felt by his friends to be an act •of grave im putation against the learned Recorder, which their know ledge of his humane feeling forbade them to acquiesce in ; while his enemies saw in it sufficient ground for very un seemly rejoicing. A much more extensive section of the public, however, saw only in that implied censure the in terference of authority with the administration of criminal law, such as nothing but the most unquestionable perver sion of justice could call for, and the clearest evidence warrant. Somehow, few people appeared to consider that these two conditions of interference had been fully com plied with, and hence a very unpleasant state of matters was felt to exist. A judge, whose personal humanity was not more undoubted than it was and is unimpeached, was held up to the community as having, in his judicial capa city, acted with such undue severity as to call for a practical reproof of painful and damaging pungency, while no step was taken to remove him from that office, or to restrict him in the exercise of those powers which, by implication, he was thus declared to have abused. Such was the ano malous and cruel position in which Mr. Wenuirs was placed, till the opening of the Hull Epiphany sessions, when he embraced the opportunity of vindicating his per sonal and judicial character, and, at the same time, of unfolding the philosophical and philanthropic reasonings by Which he had been actuated on the occasion in ques tion; In his address to the grand jury, he, with much feeling, as well as delicacy and dignity, discussed the ques tion of punishments, and their relations to crime, and defended the course of action he had followed. From a lengthened and very temperate address we give the fol lowing abbreviated remarks The views thus temperately and feelingly promulgated ; the sentiments so eloquently expressed, are in every respect worthy of the high moral purity and circumspect dignity of the bench. Alike removed from arrogance, and dis daining servility, the position assumed and maintained by Mr. WARREN on this painful and trying occasion is credit able to his feelings as a man and a Christian, and to his temper and judgment as one appointed to wield the awe inspiring sword of justice. NOTES, NOTICES, AND OPINIONS. BY .TOITANICES BIISTICVS. XVIII. CAIIILL REBUKED.-Dr. Cahill having suc ceeded, by his writings and lectures, in bringing on himself the most profound contempt of all English Protestants — as evinced by the almost total silence of the English press —and probably mistaking the cause of this silence—has, by his last insane epistle, drawn on himself a castigation from a quarter whence he probably least expected it, namely, from a priest of his own church. The Rev. Mr. Walford, in a letter to the Catholic Standard, condemns; in the most unqualified manner, the " false statements,' ' " the reckless and uncharitable assertions which Dr. Cahill, a priest of the Catholic Church, is not ashamed to utter against the Protestant clergy." After exposing the falsehood of some of Dr. Cahill's "reckless assertions," respecting the University of Oxford, Mr. Walford goes on to say, " I protest, by all that I hold most sacred, against his assertion that the Anglican clergy ' learn in college the science of iniquity, and not of grace,' and I do so first , because it is wholly opposed to facts; and, secondly, be cause such rash and wicked assertions tend to widen the unhappy breach which severs us from our former friends?' Dr. Cahill should take this hint, and veil the spirit of Maynooth and the inquisition for the present, acknow ledging the correctness of Mr. Walford's remark, that he " would be doing equal service by tending some of the church's children in our semi-heathen towns, [Liverpool to wit,] as by delivering fierce controversial lectures, and writing letters of ignorant and unchristian invective." XIX. BEGGING Mozors.—Does the bankrupt state of the Pope's exchequer account, in any way, for the hordes of begging priests and monks who have been infesting Liverpool for the last twelve months, levying their black mail on every one over whom they can bring the least Influence to bear ? These long-coated mendicants are known, in the true style of begging impostors, to thrust themselves into the dwellings and private offices of Pro testant gentlemen, dodge them backwards and forwards, in and out, and pester them with tales of Roman Catholic churches, Roman Catholic schools, Christian brothers, Sis ters of Mercy, starving poor, and every variety of charitable objects, until they succeed in extracting a donation from their persecuted victim, when they retire to their " presbytery,' , and send out another of the gang, to go the same round. Are the police regulations of no avail against these sturdy impostors ? re r.• aince I last sat here, circumstances opinion with which you are familiarin m have arisen, not only justifying but requ i r ing some observations fron c a n Recorder, e er othis occasion :for my acts and opi nions, as y our Re and widely challenged, and those imputed to tn have been suddenly n delib era tely disclaim. The administration of which I f justice in this place requires great care and circumspection. reason is, that the inha bitants of Hull are characterised by The a lively and watchful in terest in the administration of justice, and I honour them for being so, frankly avowing that in my opinion the sterne r the scrutiny the more saln ' = tary for the judge, and consequently for the public. The only condition I would impose is, that of candour, and carefully ascertaining facts. I am o ne of those who, while utterlyowna unmoved by . any amount of popular clamour, yet that __cordial allegiance to public opinion—especially to t h en ' a great Christian community. I think it right , eHPeciall t hil y and, a __ . y as the public mind is at this moment wor and punish7teKli!slY addressed to the great subject of crimes fluency — to explai n briefly especially to that of juvenile delin criminal jurisprudence on what are the fixed principles of acted, in this court, ne. w 9n which I act, and have hitherto criminals. / am anxi i e t us n reference especially to youthful place, that henceforth you Pnblicly to state them, from this ande root of the whole matter I, at least, should not mis understand each other. Th with which we have now to deal lies in the word punish t; a word representing a visible and ordinary reality, XX. BRIBERY.—What is the moral distinction between bribing a man by promising him " cheap bread," and handing him five shillings to buy it ? Answer : None, as to bribery; but as to the mode, much. In the former case, the briber puts his hand into other peoples' pockets ; in the latter, he puts it honourably into his own ! PUBLIC TESTIMONIALS.—The following Medical Men, Gentlemen, and others, have given voluntary testimonials to cures effected in cases of Bronchitis, Asthma, Coughs, Colds, &c., by BRANDE'S BRONCHIAL SEDATIVE:—M. Michea, the eminent French Physician ; John Thompson, Esq., 63, Eng lish-street, Armagh ; Major Sheppard, V ic t or i a Cottage, Rom ford; Thomas Richard, Hill Top, West Bromwich; David Goodridge, Portfield, near Havertordwest ; William Davies, Dolgelly ; William Hill, 48, Northampton- s t ree t, Cl er k enwe ll ; Eliza Woodley, Gibbon's-street, Plymouth • Mary Rogers, Dark-street, Haverfordwest ; J. Wilcox, 14, Wilson-street, Stepney; Mrs. Sherwood, Brampton Brian, Ludlow, and a host of others. This Medicine is sold by nearly all Chemists, or can be obtained through all the Agents for Brande's Enamel. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND GENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. Azoff arrived here two days ago. They are the descend ants of the Cossacks who, under the command of Stenko- Razine and Ihmet-Ne-Krassa, fought against Russia under the reign of Catherine I. They wished to preserve their religion and their independence. Overcome by the nume rical foree of their adversaries, they retired on the Kuban, and there entered into a fresh struggle with the Musco vites, in conjunction with the Khan of the Tartars of the Crimea. Conquered a second time, they, took refuge at Anapa, from whence they were compelled to move and come completely into Turkey. The Cossacks of the Kuban have always fought with courage for Turkey, and the Sultans have in gratitude given them standards and arms, which they preserve, and show as trophies of their services and of their military glory. These Cossacks have arrived at Constantinople fully equipped at their own expense, and they have their old standards with them. Amongst them are descendants of the Yessimoffs, the Orloffs, 'Massa's, Yefremoffs, Bontouks, Hohols. and other noble families of the Cossacks of the Don. They are to march in three days for the camp at Schumla, with the Cossacks already organised here by Mehemed Sadyk Pacha. The flag of the two corps will be white and red, with the crescent on the red, and the cross on the white." VIENNA, DIIIREIDAY.—The instructions to the admirals of the French and English vessels are—To salute Russian vessels; to warn them to return to a Russian port; to ac company Turkish vessel to different Turkish ports ; to cruise off the Turkish coasts ; to avoid all collision with Russian vessels, and to prevent the same between the bel ligerents; not to approach the Russian coast; and, if at tacked by Russians, to act simply on the defensive. The Trieste Zeitung reports a Russian fleet of 24 sail to be before Batoum. The English fleet in the Euxine consists of 10 ships of the line, 7 steamers, and 1 frigate. A telegraphic despatch from Berlin brings intelligence from St. Petersburg to the 14th instant, and is to the effect that the Emperor of Russia has determined on giving a very decided reply to the English and French notes, and that it will be sent through the Russian Ambas sadors at London and Paris. The despatch adds that there is every reason to believe that the Czar has rejected the , Vienna proposals, as quite incompatible with his dignity. Another telegraphic despatch has just reached us (3 o'clock) from Vienna, confirming the above, and it is de clared that it may-be implicitly relied on as forming the declaration of the Czar. The despatch says : " The Vienna propositions, besides being incompatible with the Emperor's dignity, only serve to divert attention from the real question at issue between Russia and the Porte, and they are, therefore, unconditionally rejected. *To prove, hoWever, that he is still inclined to treat, the Emperor has appointed Prince Gortschakoff his Pleni potentiary ; and to him the Porte has to apply whenever it is inclined to negociate. Such a step on the part of the Porte will, however, be useless should it act under the erroneous impression that the Emperor will depart from any condition laid down by Prince Menschikoff. " Any Plenipotentiary by the Porte must be provided with a firman, in which it is specified that the Porte, con sidering the present difference to be exclusively between Russia and itself, acknowledges that it must be settled between those two powers alone." Despatches from Bucharest state that on the 12th inst. the Russians repulsed, after a short engagement, an attempt of the Turks to cross over to the left bank of the Danube, by Kalarash, with 2,000 men. On the same day 1,200 Russian infantry, 200 Cossacks, and 700 Moldavian workmen passed over in boats from Galatz to the Turkish side, and began to clear the island before Galatz of the trees and rushes. -- VIBNNA, JAY. 18.—Letters from Krajova, dated the 14th instant, mention that since the 10th the Turks had not quitted Kalafat and the neighbouring villages, while the Russians have not made any movement since. The gar rison of Krajova, which marched on the 7th for the Danube, had returned on the 10th, without having taken part in any of the combats. The whole cm's of General Aurep was concentrated in Lesser Wallachia, and it was believed that Prince Gorts chakoff had established his head-quarters at Pojana. The Hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia have refused the pension which the Czar had offered them, and protest against the Russian usurpation. VIENNA, SATURDAY EVENING.—EarIy on the 12th of January General Engelhardt, with a corps of 2,000 men crossed the Danube from Galatz and burnt two Turkish villages. Five battalions had embarked to cross the river and to support him. The spot where the Russians crossed lies between Mats• chin and Isaktcha• Up to eight o'clock on the evening of the 12th not a shot had been heard in intimation that the Turks had attacked the invaders. At Reni, on the left bank of the Pruth, at its junction with the Danube, the Russians had made preparations for a speedy passage. The latest advices from Lesser Wallachia - left Prince Gortschakoff at Krajova, employed in concentrating his forces at Radovan, prior to a grand attack on Kalafat. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRANCE.—The Moniteur publishes a decree, which pro longs to the 31st of July next the permission granted to foreign vessels to carry on between France and England the transport of corn, flour, meal, and other alimentary com modities. The armaments are going on with unusual ac tivity in the French ports. At Toulon the Marseilles, Algerie, Suffren 'Dupre, la Fleur, and the frigate Zenobie are fitted out. The three ships Louis XIV., Turenne, and Ulm, will shortly be launched at Rochefort. At Brest the armament of four ships and six frigates is being actively carried on, while at Cherbourg a levy of 300 shipwrights has been ordered for the completion of the Tilsit, which, it is expected, will put to sea on the Ist of April. A letter from the Duchess of Orleans to the Duke of Nemours, repudiating the fusion with the Count de Chambord, has found its way entire into the daily papers, but none of the French journals ventured to insert the letter, which has since turned out to be a forgery. Time is still snatched from the discussion of imminent political events, for the light gossip of Parisian society. The new manteau de la Cour is doomed. So far from the original object of this cumbrous innovation being attained, the effect has been to keep away from Court the very people whom the Empress would most desire to receive ; while parvenues are de lighted at the opportunity of appearing as Court dames of the time of Louis Quinze. On the delicate subject of Court dresses, the Assemblere Nationale has got itself into trouble. It seems this paper has received a private warn ing for having a paragraph about a series of projected fancy balls at Court stating that the Empress would appear as une Fill du Regiment. It is a matter of fact. we believe, that some highly picturesque quadrilles had been pro jected, but that, for the present, owing, it may be, to the pressure of more serious matters, the programme is can celled. Advices have reached Paris from St. Petersburg, of the 12th January, describing the position of affairs as afford ing little hope for the maintenance of peace. The Emperor regards himself as the chosen instrument of God, to drive the Moslem from Europe, and only regrets that he should have allowed so many years to pass by without fulfilling his destiny. SWITZERLAND.—The Executive Government of Swit zerland, in consideration of the probable complications of the Eastern Question, proposes to station a body of troops on the German frontier, and is about to demand a grant from the Federal Assembly with this object. SPAlN.—There is little of interest in the Madrid journals of the 13th. The Queen had been able to rise for a short time, but had not sufficiently recovered to be able to occupy herself with public business. She had, however, assured the ministers that on her recovery she was disposed to sanction the measures they might submit to her. The Duke and Duchess de Montpensier had left for Seville.—M. Turgot has sufficiently recovered the effect of his wound, in the recent duel with Mr. Soule to quit his bed. The ball has not, however, been extracted, and is supposed to be buried in a tendon. AusTßlA.—The Nuremberg Correspondent publishes a letter from Vienna of the 11th, which says : " We learn from a source worthy of credit, that Austria intends waiting for the development of events to select a fitting moment for making a declaration, in which, after having made mention of the existing differences, she will state the policy which she intends pursuing. It is said that the Great German Powers have already decided on the policy to be followed, and it is thought that it will be a conditional neutrality. It is added that the Government wishes to be ready for every eventuality, and that it is taking measures in consequence." ARRIVAL OF THE PACIFIC. By the United States mail steam-ship Pacific, Captain Nye, which arrived on Wednesday, we have intelligence from New York to the 7th instant. A letter from Wash ington, dated the sth, says : News has just arrived of the wreck of the new steamer San Francisco, which recently left New York for California with the 3d Regiment of United States Artillery on board. She was seen in Lat. 38 20, with her decks swept, boats lost, and wholly disabled. . _ _ "Senator Groin at once applied to the Secretary of the Navy for aid ; but there is not a Government vessel in any port fit for immediate service. The Secretary of War on being applied to by the senator from California, ordered a merchant steamer to be chartered at once to go in search of the wreck. The Secretary of the Treasury will order several revenue cutters on the same errand. " The steamer had from 700 to 800 men on board, with three months' provisions for the crew, and twelve months' provisions for the troops." The marine disasters, on the shores of the Eastern States and the British possessions, have been terrible. An ac count of the wreck, off Wellfieet, of the schooner Moselle, from Boston, is given by an eye-witness. She was dis covered, about daybreak, waterlogged and at the mercy of the sea, which was making a clear breach over her. The crew, four in number, were in the rigging. They were soon driven to seek another chance, the schooner being flung on her beam-ends. For some time, by bracing against the quarter-deck, they retained their position. One of them tried for the shore, and caught at a pole ex tended towards him, but he was washed back again, until finally seized by cramp, probably, he threw up his hands and went down within thirty feet of the shore. Two were together on the spars, when one losing his hold, caught the other, and they both went down. The fourth had a fearful struggle with death. He was on the spars, and was repeatedly washed off, but managed to get on again, bruised and crushed, as the fragments were washed against him, and he could be heard to groan as he received blow after blow, but no aid could be extended to him ; finally his strength failed, and he shared the fate of his companions. The Central American question was before the Senate, and letters from Lord Clarendon and Mr. Harding, Q.C., were read, and the consideration of the subject was post poned to the 9th instant. MEXlCo.—Papers from the city of Mexico to the 17th, and from Vera Cruz to the 22d ult., state that on the 18th of December Santa Anna issued a decree as follows : "Art. 1. It is declared by the will of the nation, that the actual President shall continue to enjoy the powers with which he is now invested, so long as he shall judge neces sary- for the establishment of public order, the integrity of the national territory, and the complete regulation of the several branches of the public administration.—Art. 2. That in case of the death or physical or moral disqualifi cation of the said President, he shall have power to select his successor, naming him in a sealed paper, with the re strictions which he shall deem fit ; which document, under proper precautions and formalities, shall be lodged in the Ministry of State.—Art. 3. The title of Most Serene High- ' ness shall, for the future, be attached to the office of Pre sident of the Republic." An Imperial manifesto was pub lished on the day following, in which Santa Anna puts aside the rank of Captain-General, and accepts the pay of $60,000 dollars per annum which were offered him by the declaration of Guadalajera. Don Sebastian Molas, late chief of the revolutionists, was shot at Merida. THE WAR IN THE EAST. Although the Czar's determination with respect to the proposals for peace cannot be positively known in Paris or London before to-day or to-morrow at the earliest, as the message did not leave Vienna till the 13th, and could not arrive at St. Petersburg till the 18th or 19th, there is every reason to believe that the reply will be hostile. It is stated at Vienna, and very generally re ceived as a fact, that the Emperor of Russia behaved in such a way on hearing of the resolution taken by the French and English Governments to send their fleets into the Black Sea as to leave little doubt that he had made up his mind to a rupture with those Powers, whose Ambassa dors would therefore shortly leave St. Petersburgh. Perhaps the truth is best told, in the following short sentence, by the Prussian Ministerial Zeit :—" The in tentions and resolutions of Russia are shrouded in mystery, but she continues to march her troops to the scene of action." The latest private letters from the coasts of the Black Sea announce that the Russians were making very sig nificent movements at Sebastopol and along the whole south-eastern coast of the Crimea. They were organizing, at the different strategetic points, defensive works and coast batteries for sweeping the sea; and they had just altered the direction of the lighthouses erected for guiding ships through dangerous passes and securing anchorage. Finally, they had given orders to those battalions which form the vanguard of the military colony, to enter the town as a reinforcement to the regular garrison. which had already acquired its war complement. Letters from the shores of the Black Sea state that the Russians are establishing at different points, and more especially in the Crimea, defensive intrenchments and coast batteries. They have changed the direction of the fires and lighthouses constructed to protect vessels ar riving from the offing, and have also reinforced the garri sons of the towns beyond the maximum of war. The news of the entrance of the fleets has produced great terror in the Russian ports. It was only on the 4th inst. that the two fleets entered the Black Sea, under the command of Admiral Dundas. It was rumoured that the whole Russian fleet had sailed from Sebastopol. Admiral Dundas has decided on not dispersing his men-of-war, as had previously been resolved upon, and he has accordingly entered with the whole of his forces. BUCHAREST, Jan. 4.—The troops under General Aurep have marched down towards Kalafat. New contracts for supplying the Russian army in the principalities with food and forage, from the month of March next till the end of June, have just been made. VIENNA, Jan. 17.—Despatches from Orsova of the 12th, and from Bucharest, of the 15th, state, that after the sanguinary battle near Citale, the Turkish army had returned to its intrenched camp at Kalafat, and that the Russian army was being reinforced in the position which it originally occupied. VIENNA, Tuesday Evening.—A Russian messenger has arrived with news of the Bth. The Russian cabinet sub mitted to the Emperor a reply to the notification of the approaching entrance of the fleets into the Black Sea on the 7th. It was confidently believed that Russia will de clare herself released from all conditional promises previ ously given to the mediating powers. The note of the Vienna conference was forwarded to Russia last night. At the express desire of the Servian Hospodar, the Porte has consented not to publish the new firmans. The forti fications round Kalafat and Widdin contain 260 pieces of the heaviest calibre. 60,000 men were collected within the rayon. Workmen and divers had gone to Sincope. BERLIN, Wednesday Night.—We have advices from St. Petersburgh of the 12th instant. M. de Reizet had arrived with the French categorical note. It was pre sented simultaneously with the English note of the same character, which Sir Hamilton Seymour had received some days previously. The Council of Ministers was in delibe ration on these notes, but had not determined on their answer. There seemed little doubt that the entry of the fleets into the Black Sea would be regarded as a hostile act by the Emperor of Russia, and the state of public feeling manifested great irritation against France and England. CONSTANTINOPLE, Jan. s.—" Yesterday morning, at daybreak, the combined fleets entered the Black Sea, leav ing at their old anchorage the Arethusa and three steamers. " The Turkish fleet has not yet sailed, but six Turkish steamers,carrying 6,000 troops for disembarcation, besides artillery and ammunition, have followed the fleets, which are bound for the Asiatic coast." Two private de. spatches from Vien na an d Berlin announce that the Em peror of Rusaia ha s the Conference of Vi enna . positively rejected the propositions of A letter from Constantinople of the 2d says:—"One hundred Coosocka from the neighbourhood _of :the "ea of THE BLACK SEA. Letters from Odessa, of the 10th, announce that no English or French man-of-war had as yet appeared before the harbour, and that all the merchant vessels of these two nations were making preparations to leave Odessa. Advices from Trieste state that ships of any nation taken in the Black Sea by Russian cruisers, with troops on board, will be declared lawful prizes. • The Oesterreichische Correspondenz declares that the report that the Austrian and Prussian Ambassadors at Constantinople had protested against the entry of the French and British fleets into the Black Sea was incor rect, but that these Ambassadors had sent a notification to Redschid Pasha to the effect that the step taken by France and England went beyond the agreement entered into by the Four Powers on the 12th of December. CONSTANTINOPLE, JAN. o.—Yesterday, at eleven o'clock in the morning, the whole of the Anglo-French fleet was out of sight, as was also the Turkish convoy, consisting of five frigates and six transports. The Porte continues its armaments. In addition to the reinforcements despatched to Batonm by the above convoy, six battalions of infantry and two companies of artillery will shortly be despatched to Kars. FOREIGN MISCELLANY. INTRODUCTION of GAS AT BONE. A letter from Rome, of the 2d instant, states that, on the afternoon of the Ist, the principal streets in that city were lighted with gas. Much praise is given to the English com pany which completed the undertaking with so much talent and activity. • Ax IMPERIAL PRESENT.—The Emperor of Russia has just made a present to the Emperor of Austria of a tent. It is made of double white sail-cloth, of a conical form, with red bands round the edges, and surmounted by an eagle in massive gold. It is composed of two compart ments, which may be separated at will, and each of which is provided with a carpet. The furniture is simple, but solid, and all covered with morocco leather. There are bags in Russia leather for packing every part during re moval KOlnische Zeitung. MANUFACTURR OF CIIA MPAGNB FROM BEETROOT.— It appears, according to the Presse, that a very good champagne wine is made from beetroot. When the juice has beeen purified by the ordinary process, and a pure solution of sugar and water has been obtained, it is eva porated to a suitable density ; after which it is fermented by adding cream of tartar, and the required bouquet is given by means of aromatic plants.—Galignani's Mes senger. DISASTROUS ACCIDENT IN SPAIN. The Gibraltar Chronicle of the 28th tilt. contains the particulars of a disastrous accident, which occurred at Malaga, on the 23d ult. The roof of the barracks in Plaza de la Mer ced gave way and sank down to the ground floor through the second and first storeys. Two companies and all the musicians of the corps were quartered in the build ing, all of whom were buried in the ruins. When the correspondent of the Gibraltar Chronicle wrote, twenty four persons, dead or severely wounded, had been taken out ; and it was apprehended that most of the others had perished. At the early hour which the accident happened, it was very dark, and rained fast. FBSTIVITIPS AT THE TUILERIES.—It is intended at one of the balls of the Tuileries in the month of February, to get up two grand quadrilles in character. One, directed by the Empress, is to be composed of persons representing the guards and vivandieres of the time of Louis XV.; and the other, directed by the Princess Mathilde, of the mus quetaires and flower girls of the time of Louis XIV. The various classes in Paris who live by the display of luxury, are delighted at the prospect of business which these grand historical exhibitions hold out to them, knowing, as they do, that any example given by the Tuileries will be Imore or less followed in the inferior strata of society. "UNCLE Tom."—The Philadelphia Circuit Court has just decided the case of " Stowe v. Thomas." The bill in this case alleges that Mrs. Stowe is the author and pro prietor of a work called Uncle Tom's Cabin, and has ob tained a copyright for the same in due form of law ; that the defendant has translated into German, printed, pub lished, and sold the same in newspaper and pamphlet form ; that such translation is an infringement of com plainant's copyright; and, therefore, prays an injunction account, &c. The answer admits the facts stated in the bill, but denies that such translating, printing, publishing, &c., is an infringement of complainant's copyright. The judge decided that a translation is no infringement of a copyright, and, therefore, gave a verdict for the defendant with costs. IZOMIBII AG GIRESSION IN Ammuce.—Severe riots have taken place at Cincinnati, occasioned by the mission of a Papal Nuncio to the United States. The Anti-Popish feelings of the population having been kindled by this " Papal aggresssion," the excitement rose to such a pitch that the interference of the police was required; and before the disturbance could be quelled thirteen persons were shot, one of whom has died, and ,of the others several were despaired of, Such is Rome everywhere and for ever. Irritating, provoking, insulting, slid then raising the cry of persecution on account of the resistapce which her outrageous conduct invites. Serious fears amentertained as to the consequences, if the .spirit of religious ,agimosity should spread in a country in which the arm of auti,,;rity is at a times too weak to rukeltiaelfregpeeted. A DESPATCH from Lisbon of January 2 says :—lt is rumoured that the young King of Portugal is about to marry his Coburg cousin, the young Princess Charlotte of Belgium. THE RUSSIANS AND THE ENG LISHENGINEERS.—PAHIS, WEDNESDAY.—The Augsburg Gazette received here to day states that the Russian admiral has, of his own accord, released the two English engineers who were taken pri soners on board the captured Turkish steamers. VALPARAISO.—The Echo says that the Electric Tele graph Company have been compelled temporarily to abandon their works, owing to the opposition of the country people, who cut the wires, under the belief that the telegraph was an invention of the devil's, and affected their hope of salvation. CIECASSIA. —A letter from Trebizond of the 16th' ult., states that Schamyl is at this moment organising an army in Daghestan. The Abasians had united with him, and will henceforth follow his plans. He has induced several Polish officers serving in the Russian army of the Caucasus to desert, and he has by means of the rifles received from Constantinople, armed a corps of 1,200 riflemen, composed mostly of Polish deserters—excellent soldiers. He had, moreover, formed an army of reserve, with supplies of provisions and ammunition. KALAPAT is a town of 2,000 houses—is surrounded with walls, has a quarantine, a town-hall, a custom-house, three churches, and cavalry barracks. It is the chief place of a sub-administrator's district. The redoubts raised by the Turks are of great extent and very strong. They are partly raised on two high hills in the plain of Kalafat, about a mile distant from each other, and have a numerous artillery. All the neigbbouring country is commanded by these hills in such a way that no approach to the Danube can be made. In 1828 these hills were occupied and fortified by the Russians. Between Widdin and Kalafat the Danube Is little less than a mile wide, and the course of it is very rapid. The island in which the Turks are fortified is situate near the left bank; it is partly covered with wood, and is defended by strong en trenchments in earth, bearing large artillery. Above Widdin the Turks have constructed a new citadel accord ing to all the rules of art. IRELAND. REDUCTION IN TUE FEES OF COUNSEL—At a meeting of the Dublin bar, on Wednesday, Sir Thomas Staples, Bart., in the chair, a resolution was moved by G. Fitz gibbon, Esq., Q.C., and seconded by Loftus Bland, Esq., M.P., to the effect that gentlemen of the outer bar should, henceforth, be at liberty to accept of half a guinea fee on a summons and plaint under the New Law Procedure Act. This resolution was carried unanimously. JUVENILE CRIME IN DUBLIN.—In Dublin at present juvenile depravity is something appalling. Of committals to the contagion of the gaol in 1852, there were 1,936 children under ten years of age ; 4,221 between ten and fifteen ; and 8,468 between fifteen and twenty. Numbers of other persons have been in prison no less than 20 times in one year ; and two women were mentioned of the ages of 35 and 38 years who had been in gaol no less than 112 and 113 timel! Of 51 persons transported in 1852, 8 were under 16 years of age; 26 from 16 to 20; but only 3 from 30' to 40, and only one was over 40 years old. Of those 51 persons, it was the first conviction upon only 3 ! The rest had been repeatedly in gaol. THE GREA.T Tincr CASE.—After two days' display of forensic eloquence on the part of counsel, the Court of Queen's Bench, Dublin, on Tuesday, made absolute the conditional order, previously granted, requiring Mr. Hugh O'Callaghan, the police magistrate, to make a return of the informations sworn before him in the memorable - polemical case of " O'Brennan v. Smyth," better known as the " great tract case." This is but the preliminary step to ulterior proceedings in the matter. The informa tions once produced, the question of their legality will be fought inch by inch, and until every argument pro and con. is thoroughly exhausted. TIIE BELFAST AND CORK STEAM-PACKET COMPANIES. —The differences between the above companies have been satisfactorily adjusted. At a meeting of a deputation from each board, held in Dublin, on the 14th instant, Mr. Pike, managing director, and Mr. Glover, the secre tary of the Cork Company, met W. R. S. Lepper, the chairman of the Belfast Company, and Mr. Valentine, who formed the deputation from Belfast, in the most friendly spirit. The Telegraph will be at once withdrawn from the Cork and Liverpool line, and the Minerva from the line between Liverpool and Belfast. TIIE LATE FLOOD.—The expense of repairing the da mage done to the bridges throughout this country will not, we believe, amount to more than £9,ooo.—Cork Con stitution. JUVENILE CRIME.—A few days ago, a boy, named. John Hull, aged nine years, who lived in Little Patrick street, Belfast, stabbed with a knife his half-sister, a girl about sixteen years of age, with whom he had been quar rdiedelling, and from the effects of the injury she shortly after FIRE.—The extensive flour mills of Ballyclough, within three miles of Limerick, have been destroyed by fire. The buildings were insured a fortnight before for £2,600, in the offices of the Imperial and Manchester Companies, but the property destroyed exceeded that value by about £l,OOO more. THE " YOUNG IRELAND" PARTY, or " the Irish party of Independent Opposition," are making desperate efforts to establish some degree of political importance on the approach of the new session of parliament. They have commenced with a " banquet" in Louth, to be followed by public dinners in Meath, Wexford, New Ross, &e. THE DARGAN INSTITUTE.—There was a full meeting of the committee of the Dargan Institute held on the 9th inst., at the Commercial-buildings, Dublin, the Marquis of West meath presiding, when the following resolution was adopt ed :—" As it appears to this committee that a public gal lery for the exhibition of works of the fine arts, and their applications to industry, is still much required in Ireland, and, if established, would tend to improve the public taste, as well as to advance those numerous branches of manu facture in which beauty and originality of design are requisite, resolved, that it is the opinion of this com mittee that the best way of applying the funds placed at its disposal, and the most suitable mode, under all the circumstances, of commemorating the Great Exhibition of 1853, and its generous and patriotic founder, Mr. Dargan, will be by erecting a suitable building for the reception and exhibition of works of the fine arts, and their appli cations to industry, to be called ' The Dargan Institute.' " MuEDEE IN TIPPERARY.—A correspondent of the Freeman gives the following particulars of a brutal case of murder perpetrated in the western part of the county of Tipperary :—" A most foul and dreadful murder was perpetrated on a very industrious man, named Philip Ryan, of Ballysa, in the county of Tipperary, two miles from Killaloe, between the hours of six and seven o'clock on yesterday evening. The poor fellow, accompanied by his wife, who was selling milk at the market of Killaloe, in returning home was attacked by three men, and bar barously, inhumanly murdered on the road. Not satis fied with breaking his head, after life must have departed, they cut his throat, and, also, from his chin to his stomach, giving the appearance of a crucial incision. I have to add that his poor wife was also struck down, but, in their hurry to dispatch him in a satisfactory manner, they forgot her. She in the meanwhile crawled into a ditch, and concealed herself in the briars and bushes, and, fortunately, in the darkness, they could not find her. She lies in a dangerous state, but is expected to recover. She has identified the three men, cousins to her husband. They now lie in the Killaloe Bridewell. Land ! land ! land ! was the cause of this diabolical murder." SCOTCH INVESTMENTS.—The Freeman publishes the following :—" A gentleman, who left this to pass the Christmas with his friends in Scotland, has found the practice of investing in Irish property, under the Incum bered Estates Court, so much in favour with Scotch capitalists, and has so successfully encouraged them in their tendency to this speculation, that he has already received commissions to lay out various sums in this way, altoge ther amounting to more than £200,000. It is also satis factory to observe that many of these, who have already laid out money in our country, are about to repeat the experiment, after having had sufficient experience to form a sound opinion as to its wisdom." hum ELECTIONS.—Mr. Butt, M.P., has the following notice of motion on the order-book of the House of Com mons, which he is to move on the meeting of parliament : " To call attention to the special reports made during the session by the committees who tried the election petitions from the counties of Clare and Mayo, the city of Cork, and the borough of Sligo, and to the facts of intimidation and clerical interference to which these reports referred ; and to move for a select committee to inquire how far similar evils prevailed at the last general election in Ireland; and to consider the present state of the law relative to intimi dation and undue influence, and the necessity and expe diency of adopting any new provisions to secure freedom of election." MELANCHOLY EP/INT.—An inquest was held last week on the body of a young man named Todd, who came by his death in the following manner :—He had gone into a forge in Portlongfield, near Killeshandra, to get some shoeing done, and took up the sledge to strike a little. A young man who had been out shooting came in shortly after, and Todd, turning round to see who was there, the gun, which must have been on full cock, went off, and he received its charge of shot in the breast, and fell dead in a moment. RIBBON MURDER.-111`Mahon, the farmer, who, about five weeks ago, was brutally assaulted at Crossmaglen, in one of the proclaimed districts of Armagh, in pursuance of the decree of a Ribbon society, died on Sunday last, having lingered until that day in great pain. Poor M`Mahon's crime consisted in paying his rent in defiance of an anony mous caution against such an act. The verdict was " wil ful murder" against Peter Hamil, now in Armagh gaol. THE LITE LORD BERESPORD.—It is stated by a local paper, that the late Marshal Beresford has bequeathed his estates in the county of Carlow, together with a sum of £16,000, to the eldest son of one of his gallant companions in many a hard fought field, the late General Sir Denis Pack, of the county of Kilkenny. ILLEGAL MARRIAGES.—At the petty sessions of Castle bar, held on Wednesday, two Roman Catholic priests, the Rev. Richard Hasty and the Rev. Richard Ward, were summoned to answer the complaint of the Rev. William Baker Stoney, the rector of the parish, that they . , or one of them, had celebrated a marriage between a private sol dier, a Protestant, and a woman, a Roman Catholic. The informations were received, and the case sent for trial at the ensuing assizes at Mayo. CARVING AT TABLE.—A man asking another, whom he was about to help to chicken, whether he wished the leg or wing ? "It is a matter of perfect indifference to me," said the other; "and infinitely more so to me," replied the carver, laying down the knife and fork, and resuming his own dinner. THZ AUTHOR OF "SWEET HoME."—The life of J. Howard Payne, the author of " Sweet Home," was one of remarkable vicissitudes. "Of an evening," says one who knew him, " we would walk along the streets, looking into the lighted parlours as we passed. Once in a while we would see some family circle so happy, and forming so beautiful a group, that we would both stop, and then pass silently on. On such occasions he would give me a history of his wanderings, his trials, and all the cases incident:to his sensitive nature and poverty. ' How often (said he once) I have been in the heart of Paris, Berlin, London, or some other city, and heard persons singing or the hand organ playing " Sweet Home," without a shilling to buy the next,meal, or a place to lay my head. The world has, literally, sung* until every heart is familiar with its melody. Yet Ilavellaeen a wanderer from my boyhood.'" —The Musical .'s ant DECLARATION OF WAR. TICE following is the address of Admiral the Hon. R. S. Dundas, C. 8., to the crew of H.M.S. Thetis, which arrived at Spithead on Saturday, from Plymouth. At one P.M., the Fire Queen, tender to Victory, Master Com mander F. W. Paul, arrived alongside the Thetis, with Rear-Admiral Dundas, C. 8., one of the Lords of the Admiralty, who quickly came on board the Thetis, upon which " all hands " were piped on the quarter-deck. In a few minutes Admiral Dundas appeared, and thus ad dressed the assembled crew : "My men,---I have come down, by request of the Board of Admiralty, to make known to you that we are on the eve of a war, and that war with Russia. My object, there fore, in addressing you by desire of their lordships is to prepare. you for such an event; and I am sure that you will receive this announcement as becomes Englishmen and British sailors. It is my duty to inform you that the country cannot dispense with your service*, however hard it may appear after your having been away for so long a period ; yet the exigencies of the service must be paramount to all other considerations. Instead, therefore, of your being paid of, you will all be paid DOWN. You shall have a few weeks' run, after which I feel assured you will act as British seamen ever have done in defence of their country. I trust you will receive this communica tion in its right and proper light, and I make this known to you thus early, to prevent any feelings of disappoint ment. I have earnestly to hope that the evil may yet pass away, but we must be prepared for any and every emer gency. ' Pipe down.' " The admiral shortly after returned on board the Fire Queen, and came into harbour. THE ROYAL SPEECH, AS THE PRE MIER PREPARED IT, (But as instantly rejected ignominiously) MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN, lam happy to meet you again. I should have assembled you earlier, but that my Ministers have not had sufficient time to prepare their attacks upon the honourable member for Bucks. I am sorry that Mr. Disraeli's intrigues have involved this country in a war with Russia. It was partly Lord Malmesbury's fault, too, for, if he had not evinced so much willingness to be friends with the Emperor of France, Russia would not have been jealous, and would have accepted the abject apologies Lord Aberdeen would have been happy to proffer. I receive assurances of friendship from all nations with which we are not at war, and, but for the misgovernment of the late Chancellor of the Exchequer and his colleagues, I dare say no qualification could have been necessary° I regret to state that my august sister, the Queen of Spain, has not been successful in rearing her last baby, a result due to the malignity of Mr. Disraeli, who dislikes children. I am sorry to be compelled to say that I must now sup port the Turks against the Russians. However, I find some consolation in the affair at Sinope, and in the belief that the Turks are being beaten in Asia. Our admiral has been ordered to take the worst side of the Black Sea, and, under Providence, we may hope that our ships will be disabled from injuring the vessels or fortifications of Russia. The whole war is Mr. Disraeli's doing, as will be explained to you. GENTLEMEN OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, The criminal ambition of Mr. Disraeli has compelled us to engage in war, and therefore you will have to vote more ships and more men. You will clearly understand that my Ministers are in no way to blame for this. The estimates which will be laid before you have been framed as carefully as possible ; and, if Mr. Disraeli abstains from picking holes in them, I dare say you will find them satisfactory. MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN, In remitting you to the work of an arduous session, which will be rendered still heavier by the unjust hostility of the member for Bucks, I have every confidence that you will remember the great difficulties under which the pre sent Cabinet came together, the awful sacrifices of prin ciple and character they were glad to make for the good of the country, and the great services they have rendered by their financial skill and diplomatic tact in preserving the prosperity of this country and the peace of Europe.— The Press. COURT AND _FASIIIO27. Tim DUKE OF HAMILTON is expected at his new man sion in Arlington-street, in order to be present at the dinner which will take place at the Earl of Derby's, on Monday next. LIE EARL AND COUNTESS or DERBY and Lady Emma Stanley returned to St. James's-square on Friday, from a visit to the Marquis of Salisbury, at Hatfield House. THE MARQUIS AND MARCHIONESS OF SALISBURY have during the week given a succession of princely entertain ments at their seat in Hertz, in compliment to their royal highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary, who have been sojourning there for four days. OPENING or PARLIAMENT.—The Queen will open Par liament in person on Tuesday next, with the usual forma lities. Her Majesty will come to town on Monday, when a Privy Council will be held at Buckingham Palace, and will return to Windsor the following day, after the open ing of the session. The Court is expected to come to London for the season on Monday, February 12. THE COURT.—The favourable change in the weather has enabled the Queen to take frequent out-door exercise, while the Prince Consort has been much engaged in shooting. On Thursday another dramatic performance took place before her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the junior branches of the royal family, at which a large and brilliant assemblage of visitors were present. POLITICAL DINNER PARTIES.—EarI of Clarendon, Tuesday, 24th January, in Grosvenor-crescent. Sir Chas. Wood, Wednesday, 25th January, in Chesham-place. Earl Granville, Saturday, 28th January, " The Sheriff's Dinner," in Bruton-street. Earl of Aberdeen, Monday, 30th January, " Full Dress Dinner for the Queen's Speech" (Peers), in Argyll-street. Lord John Russell, Monday, 30th January, " Full Dress Dinner for the Queen's Speech " (Members of the House of Commons), in the Foreign-office, Downing-street. Earl of Aberdeen, Saturday, 4th February, in Argyll-street. THE HON. MR. CLlvs, M.P. for South Shropshire, who had been seriously ill for some time past, died on Friday afternoon. He was deeply respected throughout the county, not only for his many private virtues, but for the straightforward manner in which he at all times advo cated the maintenance of sound principles of political government. THE LENT ASSIZES. TuE Judges of the several Courts of Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, assembled on Friday., in the Exchequer-chamber, Westminster-hall, for the purpose of determining and finally arranging the several circuits upon which they should respectively proceed to hold the ensuing spring assizes of Oyer and Terminer, and general gaol delivery in and for the several counties in England and Wales, when the following arrangements were finally made, viz. : HOME CinctrlT.—Mr. Paron Parke and Mr... Baron Alderson. OXFORD CIRCUIT.-Mr. Justice Wightman and Mr. Talfourd. WESTERN CIRCIIIT.-Mr. Justice Earle and Mr. Baron Martin. NonpoLK CIRCIIIT.—Lord Campbell and the Lord Chief Baron. MIDLAND CIRCIIIT.—The Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and Mr. Justice Coleridge. NORTHERN CIRCUIT.—Mr. Justice Cresswell and Mr. Baron Platt. NORTH WALES AND CHESTER Cuterir.—Mr. Justice Williams. SOUTH WALES AND CHESTER CIECIIIT.—Mr. Justice Crompton. - _ VACATION JUDGE. - Mr. Justice Maule will remain in town, and sit during the absence of the other judges as vacation judge. ENGLAND AND AMEILICA.—Sam slick says :—" I have studied both nations ; and, after addin' all that is to be counted on one side, and substractin' all that is to be deducted on the other, I aint candidly and fairly satisfied which is the greatest of the two nations. But, on the whole, I think we are, take it altogether. The sum may be stated in this way :—England is great in wealth, in population, in larnin', in energy, in manufactories, and in her possessions ; but then her weakness is in her size. I knew a man once who was so tall that he did'nt know when his feet was cold, they were so far off from his heart. That is the case with England and her distant colonies. She don't know the state of feelin' there, and sore spots are allowed to mortify until amputation is necessary. Giants aint formidable folks in a general way. Their joints are loose, their bodies are too heavy, their motions are too unwieldly ; they knock their heads agin doors, and can't stow away their legs in coaches or uncle!. tables ; their backs aint fit for daily work—and light-built fellers can dance round them, and insult them, without danger of being caught. Now, foreign possessions, like full grown children, are expensive. In time of peace colonies help trade ; but in time of war, how are they to be defended ? There must be incorporation or separation— united we stand, divided we fall. We have our country, as father used to say of his farm, all in a ring fence. Every climate at home. We have nothin' to envy, and Englishmen are on too good tarms with themselves to envy any one. Our duty and our interest is to unite as one, and humanise, Christianise, and civilise the world." BEAUTIFUL TEETH AND GUYEL—The great object to be attended to in the preservation of the teeth is cleanliness, food should never be allowed to stick between the teeth and decay in the mouth, the teeth should be b rus h e d n i g ht and morning and a little tooth powder used,—BRANDE'S TOOTH POWDER is strongly recommended to all who require beauti ful teeth and gums. The stomach should also be kept in order, no more frequent cause of toothache exists than de rangement of the stomach. Lastly, Dhenever a tooth begins to decay, stop it immediately with BRANDERS ENAMEL. If this be done in time, before the hole becomes larger, or be fore pain has been felt, the further decay of the tooth may be prevented, and that most distressing malady the toothache avoided. These articles have been used and recommended by many of the most eminent surgeons and dentists of the day. As there are numerous imitations of the articles be particular in asking for the genuine, prepared only by the original manufacturer, JOU Willy, WhOse signature is on the outside of each packet. TUESDAY, JANUARY 24, 1854. SKETCHES OF RADIcAI %I THE RADICAL FEMALE. (From the Press.) Women are born Conservatives. This is which there cannot be any doubt. Hence the ni female is, at best,, an unnatural exception ; , 313 501 # never, for niy own part, think of her except as 11 " Pig-headed lady," or other monstrous creation. _ fl o dical females are rare and curious, and as little law as mermaids • but never bestow the same attentios, their personal appearance as those i n t eres ti n g crea, l l . . A paper might be written, indeed, showing how Eauc:o Conservative owes to the Radicals' wives and da4 l e When the severe and terrible Pod g er a d van ces to tio v riod of baldness, and becomes fat, he finds that h e ir been nourishing a brood to turn upon him. His or branches, with the beautiful peacefuln es s w hich tiled symbolises, put him at peace with the powers of his I n7o land. Young Podger will hear of nothing but aes regiment, and here has Podger, all his life, been 0 7 :4; war and soldiers, and kicking up a hubbub about the 2;, being kept up to support an oligarchy ! But the Podger are far more intractable. Those charming 5 turn up their noses (Nature having arranged that ; o1 shall be an easy performance) at the C o tt onv ille Ydr men. At watering-places, or on the Continent, or where, they meet with the sprouts of good fasnilie s; ol the county where Podger has bought a slice of the 13 ' a Jacobite family (he will ask the Whigs for the attai title, some day !) they come within the influence /4, entirely new set of ideas, and will not revere Podg,erlo , youngest boy goes to the navy, and is " cobbed # sword scabbard for proposing Cobden's health, •V'' What is an old fellow to do ? Non ego hoc ferrem, calidus juventa, he might exclaim, had he any acquaintance with the vrP; who makes the exclamation. But he is getting old. b ; he must die with the awful consciousness that he 1 0 ; 05 ' bestowing his warmth on the hatching of a b r ood 0• tocrats. However, when women are Radicals, they ge or e entire animal. Miss Piper,the poetess, the elderly anti' of " Letters on the Human Anatomy" (that master l P,'t fatation of Paley), is a frightful example. All the Blotri are examples. From the lady of Sir Barnaby Cralo 6 •:4! (who writes leaders in the " Rasper," and is con , nt inserting a paragraph to the effect that we hear Sir 13sP'i. Crabs, M.P., will be " offered the"—anything th s of vacant)—to the youngest Bloomer, the female ag' t po t are more violent than the male ones. Sp roggs is 0P y , to capital punishment (naturally enough), and wowa the scoundrel live ; but Miss Piper sees in him a " oTr ti f humanity," a " dormant goodness," and would sub for his chains garlands of roses. The Radical Fern/1 sometimes a " thing of impulse," but the commoner, is a woman of " strong good sense." She is an oyera woman, or an under-done man. The Piper, for init is a very good little girl, but she got her head turned. one of the geniuses who turns the heads of the N 7,0„ Mystics. The Piper writes, and with her f em i n ine P A ness she adopted the antagonistic attitude, She threrg: her warmth into " new views." Th e pl a i n m eallls the Piperean view is simply this : she is a sentimenT o and raves about Reformers just as other g irls do ! ffi o music, poetry, ruins, moonlight, or whatever their 5 .1; rage may be. She is a lively, soft-hearted girl, and,P.,t chooses to call her quick apprehensions "intuitions, where's the harm? There is only one event which can petted to make Miss Piper practical, and that, of court —marriage. There was poor Margaret Fuller, a clggif woman in her way : when she married and had P t ) Angelo, she became (as you see by her biography) 4 51 an intelligible woman, and capital wife and mother. fact simply is with regard to these high-flying di° that they see a great deal existing in the institutili Europe which is by no means so pleasant to eonte . ,,l ll l l as moonlight or Locksley Hall." They would o '4 abolish all evil out of the world, and s p r i n kl e it w ith water ; and I would like t o h ave s t raw b err i es f o r 1 1 fast, only it is winter time, and I cannot get them., fo Miss Piper's reasonableness and practi ca lity, then, we must wait till she is married. But she won't titi Nubibus, or any •of those speculative gentlemen 1 5 writings she loves ; it being, I remark, the invare custom of those fellows to marry quiet, pretty girls, titute of enlarged views, who adore them, and gi e, , to them, and make them very comfortable. So that Piper will probably " throw herself away" on sorar`ht fellow, and make him pay for a new edition of it " Poems" on the very finest paper. The gifted Scragg is the female Radical of another type. You see Miss Scragg, at the British Museum, fearlessli_d, amining huge books of anatomical plates. She like, when she hears of an abuse, to " put her P,,,t it on it—and, between ourselves, if that did no t crns c h e a know not what would. I w ou ld ra th er b e rever en dif any man than by a Scragg—for they give you an 4 " scrunch" on the part of th e o p presse d sex. Sh e 72 1 leaders and reviews, and goes to the office to c 071 .4 proof—like a man, in fact. She is a man, ind i erti spoiled man ; a man not quite m an ly enough. ~14 Miss Scragg who wrote those an gr y l e tt ers t o the ' 'O when the affected Destriver published his " Sonneboi Poppet." She overwhelmed him with scorn ; reP, ll l the vile homage of the man a s an i nsu lt t o the 11'10 standing" of the whole sex. The f a ct i s , th e swine'," not intended for Miss Scragg ; it was no more her ness than it was Ben Caunt's to engage in the &ref versy. But she has a perfectly just suspicion that charms of her mind are not so attractive as the gro""A - i i 4 " that empty little goose" Miss Flowerbell. And, 10 :id I cannot see why Miss Scragg should expect to el` r di the rule both of man and woman too. Sh e i s a vig.; o l) minded woman enough ; but there are as clever about as she ; and she is really so like a man that f t ; b t almost as soon thi n k o f flirting with the Pope as —The Press. THE GENTLEMAN RADICAL. ' RO I cjl Where now is the good old Gentleman , e iti Where are the braves who wrote down in large I. ,bef that mankind were free and equal, and signed ‘ OO l, selves " Persons of Quality"? Where is the high'y Brutus of Liberalism ? Where is the old classic P 0 %) breathing of the ancient republics ? We look ar ° v` , Europe in vain for that school now-a-days. they :are gone —those haters of tyrants—the fiery tlemen who quoted Lucan ! They sleep free fror, insulting air of kings, under tables of L a ti n ity, and large escutcheons ! Undoubtedly a Radical of tbis ill i s would be stoned by the party at th e p resen t day. r i 1( how a man who does a thin g as an a ff ec ti on i s love d the man who does it as a trade ! The " d a ys of Ro i n , : f i having come up, the " republic of Plato" has disap co l Brutus is in a ' coalition," establishing a Whiff 0 0 1 mercial, pseudo-liberal, anything arian oligarchY,. O F, • trade for a religion, and capital for a g od. Clodius Is 0 able to go the pace, like the old Clodii. Nay, the day s / ' the Clodii are gone by. They cannot drink even ...i stf and, in the happy minglings of political life, On; would bring his sister to meet Cice r o a nd hi s wife ar i o; party of the Sacred College. Milo and Clodius in our,c* waive all private differences and take places for the of the country, and the Radical Gentleman blends p: moniously with " stern and unbending" Conservt. o i For we hear (often enough, to be sure) that tile 7 tti alongparties is past, with the age of " eloquence,' 511 tu yi i age of everything else, and are requested to congra_. tli ourselves on the change. The Radical Gentleman li ,Pi o d appeared in this general confusion. Occasionally a -Di 0 6 lord, loving a little applause (the nature of which he 4 t 1 misunderstands), gets a burst of after-dinner cheerinr saying that the days are gone when his order could c , ,,i , cise hateful privileges —(Hear, hea r )— or presum e o d t, vance in front of the great body of their countrSV, (Great applause) What a melancholy exhibition ! .„„ f r man who laid bare his bosom to show his scars was ' ing an appeal that was respectable ; but a man b of his feebleness is not a cheerful spectacle. if the II • lord thinks so meanly of his order in its present 1 why don't he go in for being an Aztec Lilliputian ? .., fact is, however, he means little, or nothing, or a nythlP, according to the taste of the hearer ! Where, thee") we to look for our Radical Gentleman ? That C , D; ( O' species we never hear of. The Wilkeses neither utter 0 100 mots nor edit Catullus ; and, if they happen to be bil' b it and blasphemous, are not so on a scale grand enong o lf, attract public attention. When one does appear, ' k with a scintillation of parts (yet different, indeed, such a man as Horne Tooke,) he buries his talents in . kin as a well-paid Coalition waiter. The lively, free' dinner Radical Gentleman is silent and fo rgo tten. acrid, eager, critical Radical Gentleman, with a OH form and a large constit u e n cy, i s readin g F renc h novfl the country, and terrified for fear of being ask ' i d , opinion about the strike. And the hopes of RadiTof proper are in the Pottses and th e C oc k roac h es, the P o f kers, and the Dobbses. There are, indeed, young re, e „ a f t culture, and refinement, and aspiration to be met, wP", dissatisfied with English politics, and whom people o i Radicals. But the Radical proper is quite a different I ,d from these gentlemen. A part of their conversation 1 0 action is perhaps favourable to what is loosely called / ranked as Radicalism. But these young men (vv b _ i , ° 6l i to be known by their combining sarcasm with melarwj are quite sure to develop under the t wo mos t C on serV ing of all influences—viz., acquaintance with Radical sonally, and study of the traditions of England.' Press. A MODEL MINISTER.--" How do you like minister ?" " Like him," says the Squire, " whY,' him first-rate ; for he neve r me ddl es with politic' religion, or temperance." A FRENCHMAN rx A Fix.—A Frenchman, nent i l9 o l, rived in London, impatient to see the town, but feaP, l ge not finding his way back to his hotel, carefully upon a card the name painted on the wall at the CO t the street in which it was sit ua t e d. Thi s d one , n: himself safe, and set out for a ramble, much uP 4 , ) ,'' principle vulgarly known as " following one's nose. 6 whole day long he strolled and stared to his heart tent : wearied, at l as t, h e j umpe d i nto a ca b , and witot easy confident air of a man w h o f ee l s per f ect l y a t A V he read from the card he had prudently preserT i name of the stre e t h e d we lt i n . Th e ca b man grin &nvi-d. ribly. " This English pronunciation is sadly W o l i _„, said the Frenchman to himself ; "he does not and of ef me." And he placed the card before th e man'4o (, ; Cabby grinned more than ever, gazed in his flip A il tonished face, and ended by sticking his hands „ 0 pockets and roaring with laughter. Indignation part of the foreigner ; he appealed to the passers gravely listened to him at first, but, upon behola'T h card, joined, one and all, in chorus with the con c ei t ; The Frenchman now got furious, swore, stamped, g , kited, like a candidate for bedlam. He went so fa r loi threaten the laughers a crowd assembled, ever. sympathised with him till they learned the cirenl e tird: of the case, when they forthwith joined in the in_. o o. 4 i hilarity. Up came the police, those guardian 9 a,o= bewildered foreigners in London's labyrinth. .`",, , c?f, grieved Gaul felt sure of sympathy, succour, and 1 1 0 He was never more mi s t a k en . Th e gentlemen belt)/ roared like the rest. They e v id en tly cou ld not t ii i ; Compunction mingled w ith th e i r m i r th , b u t tbe.Y i v‘• theless guffawed exceedingly. To what extrerall i sfo: desperate Frenchman might have proceeded it 14 i tti,r j r, sible to say, had not a gen tl eman acquainted 1-;ci language appeared upon th e scene . H e , t o o, , violently on beholdin g th e car d, an d w h en h e ha a few words to the F renc h man, th e F renc h m an t otoi likewise, which was a signal for a recommenceme,n / general hilarity. The add ress so carefully copied ips' foreigner at the corner of his street, was the follo w "Commit no nuisance."—El ac lncood's Magazine'