The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-11-23 00:00:00

• N♦ • \ ~ ,\ V'v ~~ ~a'~L , •~ • N•- \ - • pit rliairt entar p laroterbings. The new Parliament was opened on Thursday by com mission ; the Lords Commissioners being the Lord Chan cellor, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earl of Auckland, and Earl Spencer. The Commissioners having taken their seats in front of the throne, the Lord Chancellor directed Sir Augustus Clifford, the Usher of the Black Rod, to request the at tendance of the House of Commons. Amid testimonies to his great ability from all sides of the house, Mr. Shaw Lefevre was again chosen Speaker of the lower house. Lord George Bentinck and Sir Robt. Inglis were especially complimentary to him. Lord G. Bentinck and Lord J. Russell had a lengthened conversation together during the time the commission was being read in the House of Lords. Sir R.. Inglis and several other members of the house also held short, con versations with the Premier. The Commons being present, headed by their Speaker, her Majesty's approbation of the appointment of the right bon. gentleman was signified by her Majesty's commis sioners, through the Marquis of Lansdowne, the senior commissioner in rank present, in the absence of the Lord Chancellor, when the Speaker, in the usual form, laid claim by humble petition, on behalf of the Commons, for the free exercise of all their ancient rights and privileges, more especially those of freedom of debate, freedom from arrest and molestation for themselves and servants, and free access to her Majesty when occasion may require,—all of which rights and privileges it was intimated her Majesty con firmed, and the Commons retired, the remainder of the sitting being occupied by peers taking the oath. On the return of the Speaker and the members by whom he was accompanied to the House of Commons, the right hon. gentleman informed the house what had taken place in the House of Lords ; and after again thanking the house for the honour it had conferred upon him, for the third time, stated that the only business that could then be pro ceeded with was taking the oaths, which ceremony was observed in the first instance by the right hon. gentleman himself, and then by other members in succession until the rising of the house. The Royal speech will be delivered to-day (Tuesday), it is supposed, by commission. POLITICAL MISCELLANY. 4 The Times intimates that the income-tax is to be raised to five per cent. The announcement is very likely to prove true. Mr. Cobden, it is stated, has announced his intention of retiring from business in favour of his son, and of taking - up his permanent residence in the metropolis. The weight of the tracts distributed by the Anti-Corn iaw League amounted, according to Mr. Cobden in a re cent speech at Hamburgh, to 128 tons. German buttons are now offered for sale in Birming ham 25 per cent. under the price at which the manufac turers there can produce them. Such is the effect of free trade ! The Earl of Dalhousie, while he fills the post of governor-general of India, will retain his two Scotch sinecures, as clerk registrar and signet keeper, which .are worth £2,500 a-year, but will pay the proceeds into the exchequer. • MR. THOMAS DUNCOMBE, M.P.—The medical advisers of the honourable member for Finsbury have recom mended his temporary retirement from public life. He is about to " pair off" for the ensuing session, and pur poses sojourning for a few months at Lisbon, to recruit his health.—Morning Post. A large meeting of the Conservative party took place on Friday, at Lord Stanlev's residence, in St. James's square, London. His lords hip - was prevented by indis position from attending. The meeting was accordingly adjourned until this day (Tuesday), when it is hoped Lord Stanley will be sufficiently recovered to go to town. MR. BICKHAM Escort' met a large portion of his late constituents at dinner on Monday evening, at St. John's Rooms, Winchester. The occasion was one of great compliment to the Ex-Member for Winchester. More than 200 sat down to dinner, which was followed by the presentation of a piece of plate to Mr. Escott. LORD MINTO.—If news it be, we may state that Lord Minto arrived at Rome on the 3rd instant, but had not by last advice 3 had an interview with the Pope. We trust that upon the meeting of Parliament the son-in-law of this nobleman, the premier of the hour, will be required to explain fully and circumstantially what has sent his noble relative a-dangling at the heels of Pius IX. in the capital of Popery. Mr. F. Baring, the former Whig Chancellor of the Ex chequer, has been making a speech at Portsmouth on the Income tax. The occasion was a meeting on Friday of the inhabitants, to complain of numerous surcharges that had been made by the commissioners. Mr. Baring said he had opposed the Income tax at the time it was put on. but he had no hesitation in saying the country was in fa vour of its imposition, and held out no hopes of its removal. Mr. Urquhart, Member for Stafford, met his consti tuents on Friday in lait week, and addressed them at con siderable length on the principal political topics of the day. He was strongly opposed to the existing Poor Law; he advocated a Health of Towns Bill; he denounced the Currency Bills of 1819 and 1844 as the " most infamous acts that man ever contemplated ;" he recommended that the Irish Parliament should be revived, and cast upon the country the burden of her own support; he thought the creation of a Bishop without a seat in the Lords was most unconstitutional ; and lie claimed for the colonies equal righ's with the inhabitants of Great Britain. A TERRIBLE RETORT.—Mr. Rothschild, the Jew mem ber returned to Parliament by the city of London, met the constitutional objections to his return, with one proud boast that lie had been returned by the people. The Morning Herald, in reference to this boast, says—" The terrible retort challenged by this claim, founded upon the bought votes of a corrupt unchristian or factious rabble, will long ring in the ears of those who witnessed the de claration scene at Guildhall. ' I stand here,' said Mr. Rothschild, `as the choice of the people.' A deep, clear, and solemn voice, replied, from the farther end of the spacious hall, `So stood —.' We dare not write the name, the christian reader can supply it, and will feel that so frightful a retort was never uttered." THE WEST INDIAN COLONIES. —Certainly, if faith could be placed in the declarations and avowed principles of public men, the colonies had no reason, at that time, to fear that the broad principle of morality and justice laid down by the great practical convert of free-trade—Sir R. Peel—upon the sugar question, as distinguished from any other questions to which free-trade was applicable, could for many years, at least, be broken through. The colo nists viewed that settlement as a final one, calculated to increase, to a sufficient extent, the supply of sugar in the, British market, and, at the same time, by an increasing competition so to keep down the prices of colonial sugar as to render the partial monopoly, reserved to the colonies altogether harmless. But they were deceived. Change was followed up by revolution, and the colonies now no longer possess any privilege in their natural market in which the foreigner does not equally participate, with the trifling exception, that, during a limited period of five years, a differential duty, commencing at seven shillings and receding to a cypher, is levied upon the sugar of the slaveholder. This system, which came into operation on the sth August, 1846—t00 late a period of that year to have any sensible effect on the sugar market—may be said to have practically commenced in the present year, when the second phase of the measure became operative, and foreign slave sugars were admitted into the British mar ket on payment of a duty of only six shillings a cwt. above that levied on British colonial produce. It has, however, been very clearly shown that from this difference in value between the sugars of this island and those of foreign countries, the extra duty of six shillings a cwt., at present levied on foreign Muscovado sugar, does not, in reality, afford a protection to that extent to British plantation su gar, which is, practically, only protected to the extent of 3s. Gd. per cwt., a difference which will almost vanish with the next annuli change in foreign duties.—Col. Mag. RAILWAY AFFAIRS. An experimental trip of inspection was made on Tues day from Chester to Conway on the Holyhead Railway by , the officia is of the line, preparatory to opening some por tion of it in December for general traffic. The new parliament will not be absolutely wanting in railway business. It is stated that upwards of three hun dred bills have been lodged. The Great Western alone have given forty-eight notices of application for new acts to enlarge their line and form branch lines and extensions. OPENING OF THE 'CALEDONIAN RAlLWAY.—Arrange ments are in progress to open this line from Beattock to Edinburgh, on the 20th of December—which will com plete the through communication between Edinburgh and Glasgow to London via Carlisle. It is a curious fact yet to be explained, that the electric telegraph will not work in the Summit tunnel of the Man chester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire. This tunnel was one of the severest pieces of boring that has been executed, and is the longest of English tunnels, not excepting that of Box on the Great Western. RAILWAY WORKS.—We have just been informed that Ministers are resolved to propose a check of some kind on the extension of railway works—but that the plan, the particulars or modus operandi of which has not tran spired, will not be of a very sweeping character.—Rail way Chronicle. The Chester and Holyhead give notice of the attempt to raise more capital—a part of it by getting the London and North-Western empowered to increase its contribu tion to that line,—a power which, possibly, the share holders of the latter company, all circumstances consi dered, may not be very eager to take advantage of. A month or so ago the London and North-Western had nearly 50,000 labourers employed on those sections of their system of new lines then constructing. The effec tive labour force has now been reduced to less than one half, that half being employed only upon what are called first-class or indispensable works. The directors of the Liverpool, Manchester, and New castle junction railway have given the necessary Parlia mentary notices for obtaining an extension of time for the purchase of land and completion of the works ; " but, should any general measure render further proceedings unnecessary, these notices will be allowed to drop, and little expense will have been incurred beyond the requisite advertisements." From our official returns it appears that the amount of traffic for the last week, on upwards of 3227 miles of rail way, was £174,029, thus accounted for :—.06,767 for the conveyance of passengers only, £48,027 for the carriage of goods, and a r..mainder of £39,234 for passengers and goods together, not respectively apportioned, being an in crease of £23,534 over the corresponding week of last year, when the mileage was about 2,525. ALARMING FACT.—The last parliamentary return states that on the Ist of May, 1847, there were employed in the construction of our railways no fewer than 256,509 men ! And it is a moderate computation, that, on the Ist of De cember, there will have been discharged, from the mere want of money, one-half of this number ; 128,000 able bodied men, accustomed to the use of the pickaxe and crowbar, turned upon the roads at the beginning of winter ! • N-1 - ;}••• • ,.."N \ FOREIGN ly COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE. WEST INDIES. The steam-ship Dee arrive& at Southampton on Thurs day from the West . Indies, witL. dates from Jamaica to the 25th ultimo, Antigua 28th, and Payal Novem ber 12. We have received our usual files of papers by this arrival, and learn that the islands are greatly agitated on the subject of the sugar bill, and that petitions had been signed in every direction to the home govern ment, some being couched in very violent language. All the islands, except Barbadoes, had cordially fallen-in with the proposed West. Indian convention, and even Barba does only thought the delay to be caused by that ma chinery would sacrifice important interests. Jamaica ap peared to' be-most active. in the movement ; and this island is also suffering severely from its state of distress—it is, in fact, described to be in a bankrupt condition. Rain was much wanted on the south side of the island, but gener ally the weather was favourable ; and the whole interior, as well as the district of Trelawny, which had suffered from drought, are said 'by the Jamaica Dispatch to have been profusely visited by rain. / The House of Assembly met on the 20th of October. and was opened by a very long speech by his Excellency the Governor,. Sir Charles Grey. After alluding to the depressed state of the sugar market, he observed that the legislature was the proper organ for providing whatever relief could be drawn from the internal resources of the island, and for making such representations as might be calculated to obtain remedies from the Imperial Parlia ment. In the course of his address he said— " An attempt to re-establish the principle of protection, or to renew generally fhespractice of making the prices of commodities artificially high to the British people by the exclusion' of foreign produce from the markets, I most sin cerely believe would 'be .an utter hopeless effort; and several legislative measures have now passed into laws, all founded on the opposite.principle, which are so connected with each other, that it seems to be an equally vain expec tation that any of _them could be repealed without repeal ing the others. Prohibiting duties could not be re-imposed upon foreign sugars without imposing them also on foreign corn. The battle of .the corn laws must be fought over again in the United Kingdom, and gained by the party who lost it, before you could succeed in having your sugar protected by a prohibition of foreign sugar." „). • .‘ • •' f, _% SW IT Z E RLAND . From Switzerland we learn, tlarough the German papers, that America has offered to advance 3,000,000 francs to the Diet at the usual rate of interest. The Diet has con tracted a loan at Frankfort at the rate of seven per cent. The German journals contain reports of skirmishes in dif ferent parts of Switzerland. The operations against Fri bourg commenced on the evening of the 11th. That even ing the Federal trcops took possession of two strong po sitions not far from a small village of Fribourg, called Lengine, and two pieces of cannon employed by the Son derbund for their defence were taken. On the morning of the 13th, orders were issued throughout the whole of the line for the army to advance upon Fribourg, and with the exception of the town itself and the ground occupied by the defenders, which in all is not above a league, the whole of the canton of Friburg is now in the possession of the Federal troops. It was reported at Berne, and the report appears to have some foundation, that the Grand Council of Fribourg has been convoked for the purpose of considering the propriety of again opening negotiations with the Diet, and of arranging a plan of capitulation to be proposed to the commander-in-chief of the Federal army, as soon as he shall summon that town to surrender. Advices from Berne to the 14th inst. state, that at noon on the 12th General Dufour summoned Friburg to open its gates in 24 hours to the Federal army. That delay was accordingly to expire at noon on the 13th ; but early in the morning of that day a flag of truce arrived at the head-quarters, with a letter from the Government of Friburg demanding a further delay until 7 o'clock a.m., on the 14th, which was accorded. Most of the heights surrounding the city had been occupied on' the 13th by the Federal forces. The division commanded by Colonel Ochsenbein, which entered the canton on the side of Laupen, had advanced to Dudingen, within three-quarters of a league of Friburg. On no point was any serious resistance experienced by the Federal army. The authori ties of Friburg were evidently anxious to learn the result of the expedition which had invaded.Argau from Lucerne before returning a definite reply to General Dufour. At length, Friburg surrounded, hemmed in, and cut off from all support from the other cantons of the Son derbund, capitulated on the 14th instant, after a smart action, in which several lives were lost. The Paris jour nals of M. Guizot announce a " bloody conflict" as pre ceding the surrender ; but it had for its result four killed and eight wounded ! The commander-in-chief having left some companies in quiet occupation of Friburg, re turned, accompanied by the commander of the artil lery, the same afternoon to Berne, and so the " Fri burg" campaign is ended. The announcement, made exclusively by the Journal des Debats, of a successful di version of the troops of the Sonderbund proves to be un founded. General Salis Saglio, at the head of some troops of Lucerne; advanced across the frontier, and marched into the canton of Argau, where he met with prompt and vigorous resistance, and was forced to retreat into Lucerne, with the loss of 240 men, chiefly killed. A similar demonstration made by the Sonderbund on the frontier of Zurich had signally failed, It was reported that the federal troops had already entered the canton of Lucerne. The Jesuits had all taken flight from Friburg and sought refuge in Neufchatel, before the surrender of the city on the 14th. The Berne journals of the 16th say that the diet met on that day, and, after receiving an official notification of the sun ender of Friburg, and the; co-nditicnlo of Ono cepi tulation, appointed, in virtue of article 6, three federal representatives to proceed to Friburg, and there adopt whatever measures they might consider necessary in the interests of the federal government. The three com missioners set oat for Friburg immediately after the sit ting of the diet. The Vorort, immediately after the re rzeipt of the news of the capitulation of Friburg, ordered a portion of the troops who had been sent against that place to march towards Lucerne. SWISS JESUITS.—The foreign students in the Jesuits College, at Friburgh (which city is likely to be the first point of attack for the Radical faction), have been taken under the protection of the Ambassadors. Mr. Peel takes charge of the British and Irish youths ; one or two of whom are from Liverpool. Father de Sanctis, one of the most able men of the day at Rome, has abandoned the Romish religion. The number of emigrants to Canada this year is 91,893, whilst last year it did not exceed 31,073. Sir John Davis has resigned the governorship of Hong Kong. His successor will be Mr. Bonham, formerly go vernor of Sincapore. The electric telegraph between Montreal and New York, a distance of one thousand and twenty-one miles, is now open. The Roman Catholic bishops of Baltimore have ordered all their flocks not to become members of the Odd Fel lows' Society, and those who have been initiated, to leave it under excommunication. Lord Howden, the English Ambassador at Brazil, has taken the law into his own hands, by arming himself, and seizing a man who had attempted to rescue a black girl by force from the house of a lady, in which she had taken refuge. A deplorable accident, attended with loss of life, oc curred on the railway between Prague and Pardubitz, on the evening of the 4th inst. The up and down train met with a fearful crash, a dense fog prevailing at the time. Three persons were killed, and 50 more or less seriously wounded. ITALY.—The news from Italy is important. Blood has flown at Fivizzano. The Modenese were the aggressors. The latter arrested, without knowing why, the Sergeant- Major of the Tuscan Carbineers. The multitude took his part. The Modenese fired upon the people, killed one and wounded several. Upon this all the citizens flew to arms, and a skirmish ensued. which was going on at the depar ture of the courier. The new reformation in Germany has taken another step in advance. The central committee has issued another manifesto, which is at tha same time a programme of the religious tenets of the new sect. The following are the six principal articles :-I.—We cannot suffer the oppres sions of the present regulations of the church of the State, and therefore we separate from it. 2.—We remain what we are and what we were—Evangelical Christians. 3. We regard, as heretefore, the Bible as the groundwork of Christianity. 4.—Our creed is, —I believe in God, in:his eternal kingdom proclaimed to the world by Jesus Christ. s.—Our worship remains the same, though with freedom as to its form. 6.—Our doctrine is based on the Evangelical principles of freedom and love. We are a Christian confession. The death of Count Bresson would appear to be still in volved in mystery. It was surmised that he refused the embassy to London by Louis Philippe, he had, in a fit of chagrin, made away with himself. Exasperated pride and disappointed ambition, are often the causes of self destruc tion, and either may have proved an incentive to the crime in the case of Count Bresson. But it is now reported that the unhappy nobleman was murdered by the hand of an assassin at Naples. The Count, on the day previous to that of his death, had given an entertainment at his resi dence, and evinced not only serenity, but good nature dur ing its progress. In the evening he had gone to the theatre, and still exhibited the same composure.' (From this and other circumstances, an inference is drawn that he could not have been his own murderer. We should be well pleased to find this reasoning verified by fact ; but it is far from being conclusive. A practised diplomatist, Count Bresson was master of his countenance, and could well mimic a gaiety he did not feel. And it too:frequently happens that suicide is gone about in a way the most cool and dispassionate—the individual in this case being " wise to do evil." . _ _ DREADFUL STORM.—The last advices from the West Indies inform us that Tobago had been visited with a tre mendous tornado and hurricane, and severe thunder and lightning, with scarcely intermission, from noon the 11th of October to 6 A. M. on the 12th, destroying half the crops—some say even the whole. 510 houses were de stroyed, 224 much injured, 17 people killed, besides num bers injured. Six vessels were wrecked, the church and Parsonage at Scarborough and the Methodist chapels at Charlotte's-ville and Betsy's Hope were destroyed. The tornado passed Barbadoes and Granada, and was felt at Trinadad, and between Bermuda and St. Thomas. The island of Tobago had not experienced so severe a visita tion since 1780. The town of Scarborough seems to have been particularly subject to its violence •, the whole of the barracks weie unroofed, and side walls blown down • hos pital stores, canteen, an d out b u i ld i ngs i n ru i ns ; ;11 the white troops have been sent to Trinadad. One United States brig and the Earl St. Vincent rode out the storm, and the schooner Norma, one of the vessels driven on shore, had been got off. The shipping at Trinadad also suffered by the same hurricane, but not so much as at Tobago, nearly all the craft having run on the mud-bank, Port of Spain. Trinadad had not suffered by any means so severely as Tobago. IRELAND. ____*.___ It is reported in Dublin that the military officers sta tioned in the disturbed counties are to be invested with the commission of the peace, in order to facilitate the opera tions against the lawless bands that infest those districts. The Repeal Association met on Monday, the Hon. C. Lawless in the chair. The other speakers were Air. John and Mr. Morgan O'Connell, with Messrs. Reynolds, De vereux, and R. D. Browne. Abuse of the government and of the " Young Irelanders," formed the staple of their addresses. The rent of the week was £37 10s. A SENSIBLE PRECAUTION.—We are informed, by authentic sources, that it is the intention of the contri butors in several parts of Ireland, especially in Dublin, to hold over the money raised on Sunday week for the. O'Connell monument or testimonial until they ascertain how the money is to be appropriated. In , the counties of Tipperary, Limerick, and Clare, in cendiarisrns, and outrages to obtain arms, are, as we be fore said, of almost hourly occurrence. The social condi tion of Tipperary may be inferred from the card for the Thurles quarter sessions. There are 6,000 civil bill pro cesses, of which 1,000 are undefended ; 107 ejectments, and 347 prisoners for trial. This, be it remembered, is only for one riding. A CHRISTIAN PEOPLE TO LIVE AMONG.—An attempt to shoot the Rev. J. Wolseley, incumbent of St. Michael's Portarlington, Ireland, has been thrice made and thrice failed. Mr. Wolseley has for eighteen years been a bene factor to the neighbourhood wherein he resides ; and yet he writes to the Times—" Most of the people of the neighbourhood have been so far from expressing joy at the escape I have had, that they show evident disappointment at my not being shot." No wonder, when, as . we read in the Irish papers, Romish priests can be found who pass the word to the mob to go forth and shoot " every respect able man in a black coat !" MORE HORRORS.—Tipperary still marches from atrocity to atrocity. Every act of barbarism is followed by another still more outrageous. Mr. Uniacke Bailey, an extensive land-agent, and chairman of the board of Works, on leaving Nenagh, at half-past five o'clock on Saturday week, for his own residence, in company with his brother in-law, Mr. Head, was fired at within a short distance of his own house, and frightfully wounded. His mouth was shattered to pieces by a large discharge of slugs, and Mr. Head was also seriously injured. The injuries inflicted on Mr. Bailey are supposed to be mortal. A more excellent and considerate country gentleman there does not exist in Ireland than the victim of this terrible outrage. MEETING OF MAGISTRATES.—Lord Lorton convened a meeting of the magistrates at Elphin on Tuesday. Thirty one attended. Lord De Frene moved the first resolution. The whole meeting were unanimous in applying to the government for stronger measures than they now have, to enable them to suppress crime and protect the lives and properties of the well-disposed. The resolutions were strong, but not more than the country required. Should a favourable reply not be received, it is intended to con vene a county meeting. All the police not on duty con stantly patrole the disturbed districts. A troop of horse is daily expected in Roscommon, and another in Stokes town. THE O'CONNELL MONUMENT.—We dont mean to deny the propriety of " parties" raising monuments to their chiefs, nor to insinuate that the deceased O'Connell is one whit less entitled to his testimonial than Cobden is to his fund. These are matters strictly between the leader and his party—the exoteric world have no right to inter fere. But although the question of merit is not fairly ours to discuss in such a case, the fitness of the time for making a public collection, unquestionably is. That some £l5OO should be levied off Dublin just at this moment, and for an object that might certainly have been deferred without injury to anybody, is hardly to be looked upon as a very satisfactory occurrence; still less that the whole of star ving Ireland should contribute £15,000, which is expected to be the amount raised for the "Liberator's" family. A FEARFUL PLEDGE.—Mr. John O'Connell has just made the following solemn declaration :—" If I go to par liament, and ff . I find that the government, before they have tested the already immense powers given them by the ordinary course of the law, in subduing disturbances in Ireland, and before they have taken steps to remove the causes of these disturbances by regulating and amending the present relations between landlord and tenant : if, I say, before doing this, I find them looking for coercion, I now solemnly pledge myself that I WILL DIE ON THE FLOOR OF THAT HOUSE before they shall pass such a mea sure. Let the other members now do the same. Al though the pledge be conditional, and depends upon a variety of contingencies, which open several little loopholes of retreat, beside that of the black door of Pluto, it is a very awful vow notwithstanding. SHIPWRECK.—The brig Hero, of London, 145 tons bur then, was wrecked in Cloughey Bay, near Portaferry, on Wednesday morning last. She was under ballast, from Belfast to Newport, and struck on the Cannon Rock, a little to the north of the north and south light, and soon went to pieces. Four men and a boy, who left the vessel in the long boat, are supposed to have perished. The captain, Charles Herman, and mate, George Bonis, re mained in the rigging. After some time the former could hold on no longer, and having dropped into the sea, was drowned. The mate caught him by the breast as he was falling, but his hold gave way, leaving the captain's watch and guard chain in his hand. The Cloughey coast guard, under the command of Chief-boatman M`Bride, after ele ven unsuccessful attempts, at the imminent risk of their lives, the boat being nearly swamped twice, succeeded in throwing a line to the mate, who made himself fast to it, and was hauled from the wreck to the boat. The list of outrages, culminating in murder, from the counties of Limerick, Clare, and Tipperary, is most fright ful. The Limerick Chronicle, of Saturday weeh, contains 0.2% 11.0(.11.1:1€ of a 1.0 at irovolisins irrnareaCat, tha.viotim being the wife of a stewara of Sir Matthew Barrington, who lost her own life in endeavouring to save her husband from the bullet of the assassin. On Saturday week, as Mr. Bailey, a deputy-lieutenant of the county of Tipperary, was driving in his gig from Nenagh to his residence at Ballyclough, a distance of about seven miles, he and his friend Mr. Edge, by whom he was accompanied, were fired at from behind a ditch, and both wounded. It is feared that Mr. Bailey will not recover. On the same evening, one of the labourers employed on the Great Southern and Western Railway, at Ballybrophv, was found murdered on the railway works ; his head having been pierced through as if with a single blow of a pick axe. Cases of arms stealing and incendiarism, too, are mentioned. Two DREADFUL MURDERS AT RATHURE.—At eight o'clock on Thursday morning, two dreadful murders were committed at Rathure Castle, within two miles of Limerick. The victims of assassination were Mr. Ralph Hill, sub agent to David Fitzgerald, Esq., and a land bailiff named Madden. It appears that Mr. Hill, in the discharge of his duty, had made a distress the day before en corn belong ing to John Quain, tenant to Benjamin Friend, Esq., who was indebted to his landlord to a large amount. After the seizure keepers were placed on the premises, and Mr. Hill returned to Limerick. On Thursday morning, accompa nied ty Thomas Flannery, he again visited Quain's house, for the purpose of removing the corn from the haggards, where they were met by Quain's son, with whom Mr. Hill was talking, when four shots were fired at him and his bailiffs from behind the haggard, melancholy to relate, with fatal effect. Mr. Hill was killed on the spot, and the bailiff (Madden) also fell a victim to assassination. One of the keepers, James M`Mahon, was wounded on the head, the skull having been laid bare by slugs, and Flan nery received the contents of a gunshot in the back of the hand. AN IRISH Row.—A meeting of Young Irelanders was held in',Belfast last week, which was even more uproarious than such meetings usually are. Several persons were calling for the military in order that something like order should be preserved. A stone from the street was thrown up, which broke one or two panes of glass ; and those near the window made a rush—some forward, some altogether out of the house ; whilst about twenty of those in the body of the hall snatched up sticks, about four inches in diame ter, and six or seven feet long, crying out to their friends to clear the platform, and following up their preaching by tramping their way over the shoulders of those who stood just below the platform • and when they ascended theret o , nothing could exceed the alarming aspect which was then presented in the face of the meeting. The sticks went bang over the heads of several, till they were caught and broken ; and then many parties got into grips, pulling and dragging each other about in fearful confusion. The mob shouted to have the platform and room cleared ; and the scene that ensued for fully ten minutes was really start ling. Many made towards the door ; others ran down the steps on the left of the platform, leading towards the floor ; while those who remained on the platform were all pushing to and fro, in the greatest excitement. Mr. Meagher, Mr. Mitchell, Mr. O'Brien were surrounded by the clamourists ; but they refused to move from where they stood, and Mr. Meagher, at the top of his voice, ex claimed that he would not be removed, unless he were made a corpse. At this stage of the proceedings,• some eight or ten of the police forced their way up the room, and thence to the platform, where they secured a number of those who appeared to be the ring -leaders in the scuffle. In the melee, several were precipitated down the steps; and, for fully ten minutes, the greatest disorder prevailed, nearly every one shouting, at the top of his voice, either pro or con. The noise had somewhat subsided, when some of those who had been put out of the room flung up stones from the outside, and again broke some of the windows. • A ROMAN CATHOLIC DIGNITARY.—It would seem not to be enough that the Irish people be coerced ;—if there is to be peace in Ireland the priests must be restrained. How can we expect that the life of a landlord will be re spected while a person who calls himself an Archdeacon indulges in language like the following :—" The Ven. Archdeacon Laffan came forward amid loud cheers to second the resolution. In doing so, he said he rose with a feeling of deep sensation. He looked around him and he saw an assemblage of his brother Tipperary men—the good and the noble-hearted, though perhaps exciteable Tipperary men,—(cheers)—who were called by the Eng lishmen murderers. (Groans.) The Saxon scoundrel, with his belly full of Irish meat, could very well afford to call his poor, honest, starving fellow-countrymen savage and assassins, but if in the victualling department John Bull suffered one-fifth of the privations to which the Tip perary men were subject, if he had courage enough he would stand upon one side and shoot the first man he would meet with a decent coat upon his back. (Cheers.) But the Saxon had not courage to do anything like a man —he growls out like a hungry tiger. (Hear, hear, and loud laughter.) What was it that made Tipperary so often a scene of blood ? The cause was evident to all men's eyes—landlordism was the deamon that blasted what was meant for happiness—that landlordism, which, without mercy, would level the hovels of the poor man— which had sent the bone and sinew of the land to fertilise and enrich the forests and prairies of America—which had sent the poor man to starve in the workhouse, or to die by the road-side beneath the canopy of heaven; and under the rain which God had sent to fertillise the earth." This language was uttered at a " Tenant Right " meeting at Cashel on Sunday : on that very evening a gentleman waa shot dead near Roscrea. And can any one wonder.? TUE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Can the most incredulous—the most unwilling to con nect the Roman priesthood with the murders that redden the soil with gore—can he wonder that the people who are doomed to receive instruction at the hands of such a teacher are habitually prone to blood ? ROMANISM AND THE IRISH COLLEGES.—The well known memorial of the '` Roman Catholic Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland," respecting the provincial col leges, contained the following, among other demands:— "That office bearers should be appointed by a board of trustees, of which the Roman Catholic Prelates of the province in which any of those colleges shall be erected, shall be members. That Roman Catholic pupils could not attend the lectures on History,- Logic, Metaphysics, Moral Philosophy, Geology, or Anatomy, without exposing their faith or morals to imminent danger, unless a Roman Catholic professor - shall be appointed to each of these chairs," Here we have the Romish Prelates of Ireland boldly avowing that six important sciences are not to be studied, except under ecclesiastical surveillance—under the same protection heretofore held out to astronomy. it would be dangerous to the soul of a Romish student to hear Miller, Mitford, Gibbon, Robertson, Hume, Sis mondi, Alison ; he should satisfy his cravings for know ledge with the orthodox twaddle of Schlegel, or the genuine quotations of O'Connell from Fyndes Morrison. Whateley and Mill are forbidden in logic: Bacon, Locke, Berkely, Brown, Kant, Stewart, Reid, must not be heard in metaphysics. Every English and German writer on moral philosophy is excluded. In geology he dares not listen to Buckland, Leyell, Hutton, &c., &c. And in anatomy—but that has been sufficiently laughed at already. Among the signatures to this memorial, is that of the titular Archbishop of Dublin, Dr. Murray. If there be one man .more than another among the Irish Roman Catholic Bishops eminent for shrewdness and common sense it is he. He is, and most deservedly, the man usually put forward to Protestantism as an example of a liberal, sensible, and enlightened Roman Catholic clergy man. What think you, gentle reader, are his contribu tions to literature ? A tract on a miraculous cure of Mrs. Mary Stuart, worked in 1823 in Rathmines convent ! The argument of it is, that as the miracles of Christ were to confirm the faith of his disciples, so the cure of Mrs. Stuart, which was worked by the eucharist, was intended to awaken faith in it. It is every whit as absurd as Shiewsbury on the estatica. O'Connell would not com mit himself to it, but he would brand a bishop as a "pious fool." Since Butler and Paley would be dangerous to the faith and •morals of a Roman Catholic student, what a valuable substitute is afforded by " Murray on miracles!" —Dublin Magazine. THE POPE WILL HAVE HIS WAY. (From the Dublin Mail.) The Earl of Arundel and Surrey has explained to the readers of the Times, in clear and concise language, the whole course of the proceeding, by which the Pope has been induced to interdict the Provincial Colleges in Ire land, " His Holiness "—says the noble Lord—" receives from the Catholic bishops of Ireland an intimation that certain colleges are about to be erected in Ireland by the British government. He is further informed of the sys, tem to be followed in those colleges, and he is asked by the Catholic bishops, whether, in his opinion, such col leges, so conducted, are likely to form institutions in which the Catholic youth of Ireland can be educated, without danger to that faith, the corruption or loss of which is fatal to their salvation ?" This is precisely the way of it. ." My Lords" denounce to the Court of Rome, which made them, a measure un dertaken by the British government; and the Prince who rules that court concurs in "their Lordships' " reproba tion of it, strictly forbidding it to be countenanced by them, or adopted by his lieges, the people of Ireland. Disguise thyself as thou wilt, Popery—call thyself a "chimaera," or delude great statesmen and orators so to esteem thee, these are the naked, the admitted facts of the case ; and the result of thy fantastical interference will be, that a measure of the British government, which no remonstrance or expostulation of the recognized spiritual authorities of the United Kingdom could prevail upon it to suspend or alter, must come to the ground. The Ro man potentate, instigated by his commissioned and digni fied officers, who serve him here in Ireland, controls, by a simple edict, the executive government and the proud parliament of Great Britain. Aye, and both must suc cumb to him. The colleges (if ever they are finished) will be places for owls and bats ; or else such modifications must be admitted into their constitution, at the dictation of the Vatican, as shall make them haunts meet for con genial monks and Jesuits. Such is the dilemma to which, `• my Lords," the bishops, acting under their liege lord, the sovereign of the Roman states, have reduced the con querors of the conqueror of the world ! A bill must, incontinently, be brought in to "amend " the Irish Colleges Act; and a large majority of both houses will pass it, almost as a matter of course, after swearing, as nine out of ten of them will swear in the course of this very blessed week which now is, that " No foreign prince, prelate, or potentate, hath or ought to have jurisdiction in this realm." That oath will be a nice com mencement of the senatorial life, presenting itself at the threshold as an occasion to break in young legislators to the service of the state, and make "very pretty rascals " of them for its subsequent exigencies. LAW INTELLIGENCE. The Judges, on Thursday, decided, in re Duncombe, that Members of Pailiament were exempt from arrest for debt. The criminal proceedings for libel, adopted by Mr. G. C. Lewis, late poor-law commissioner, against Mr. Fer rand, have been abandoned,—Mr. Ferrand having re tracted and apologized. In the Court of Queen's Bench, on Wednesday, Lord Denman gave the judgment of the Court in the writ of er ror in a case tried at the last Liverpool assizes, of a mar riage with a deceased wife's sister. The Court decided that such marriage was void. It is said that the case will be taken to the House of Lords, but it is not likely that the decision will be reversed. IMPORTANT TO ATTORNEYS.—At the first sitting of the Insolvent Debtors Court, at Lancaster, before John Addi son, Esq., the county judge, during the last week, Mr. Ashcroft, solicitor, of Preston, chimed to appear for :a client, in opposition to an insolvent, without employing a , barrister. This was resisted. by the whole bar. The matter was argued at considerable length by Mr. Ashcroft, in support of his claim ; and Mr. Cobbett, the senior barrister present, in opposition thereto. The Judge ruled that Mr. Ashcroft had a right to appear, and censequently he conducted his client's case without a barrister. On the application of the Attorney-General, a rule nisi was granted in the Court of Queen's Bench on Tues day, for a criminal information against Mr. Gutteridge, for his libellous attacks on the character of the Rev. Jas. Prince Lee. We understand that the rule will be argued to-morrow (Wednesday). We may mention, also, that the course which Mr. Lee has pursued, in compliance with the advice of the law-officers of the crown, is the one best calculated to secure a full and fair inquiry, as, by a recent? act, the defendant in proceedings by criminal information has the opportunity, if he can do so, of pro ving the truth of his charges, and of establishing the fact that the publication of such charges was conducive to the public good. On Monday, in the Common Pleas, the Chief Justice gave an important decision on an appeal, from Mr. H. B. Downing, against a decision of the Revising Barrister for the city of London. The plaintiff held a counting-house at the yearly rent of £2O, in a house at No. 11, Mark lane, in which six others held similar counting-houses, but to which there was but one common entrance, which was kept open during the day-time, but was locked every night by a clerk who was in the employment of the land lord, and who resided up stairs and kept the keys. He did so for the protection and accommodation of all parties. It was objected that as the only outer entrance was under the immediate control of the landlord, whose servant kept the key of it, the appellant, who had no key of his own, had no right to be on the register. The barrister admitted the objection, and ordered the appellant's name to be ex punged. Chief Justice Wilde, in concurrence with the other judges, now revised the judgment, stating that, al though the party had not control of the outer door to the exclusion of the landlord, yet in his opinion he had a suf ficient control to prevent the landlord's key from vitiating his interest. The Revising Barrister having found his qualification good in all other respects, he thought it was perfectly good in this, and therefore that his name should be restored to the list. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. LYTHAM CHAMPION COURSING MEETING, Nov. 17TH, 18TH, AND 19TH. The Great Clifton Cup was won by Mr. King's Hermit; Mr. Jardine's Tindal ran up. Tiro -Talbot Cop woo tlividca lootwoors. Me. Itot.iwoon's Smut and Mr. Sutcliffe's Crack. The Lytham Cup was won by Mr. King's Phoebe ; Mr. Jardine's Eskdale ran up. The Fylde Cup, for all-aged dogs, was won by Mr. King's The Baron; Mr. Hardman's Mayflower ran up. The Ribble Stakes were won by Mr. Sutcliffe's Spy ; Prince Alfred ran up. The Westby Stakes were won by Mr. Edmundson's Harebell ; Nithsdale ran up. The Blackpool St:ke was won by Mr. Edmundson's Jack ; Mr. Hardman's Lune ran up. The coursing was splendid in the extreme ; the weather most favourable, races strong, and all passed over with the greatest eclat. A fatal accident occurred on Monday week with the Herefordshire Hounds. Mr. Harvey, a young gentleman of the medical profession, rode his horse at a icket-stile. The animal, instead of rising at it, ran violently against it and threw his rider, falling on him. He never moved again. LORD EDWARD RUSSELL'S RACING STUD.—The prices realised by Messrs. Tattersall were as follows :—Sting, 600 guineas, for the French government ; Stingo, a foal, brother to Sting, 400 guineas; Fergus, 320 guineas ; Reminiscence, 340 guineas ; Cracow and Dulcet, 150 gui neas each ; and the Rainbow (late Brompton), 82 guineas. NEWPORT PAGNELL STEEPLE-CHASE, Thursday.—A Free llandicap Hurdle Race for £5O, and a Sweepstake of 5 sovs. each. Two miles. Eleven subs. Mr. F. Wilson's Khondook, 105 t... (Rackley) 1 Mr. Anderson's Chance, lOst Blbs Lord Strathmore's Red Lancer, list ..... 3 Several others started. Won in a canter by two lengths. Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, h ft. Gentlemen riders. 6 subs. Lord Strathmore's The Roarer (Owner) 1 Mr. W. 11. Cooper's Little John 2 The following also run :—Mr. Elwes and Moonlight, Capt. W. Peel and Carlow, and Mr. Wemyss's Kangaroo Won by half a length. FRIDAY. The Curate Latitat Alice Gray.. 1- etarted. Won cleverly. St. Leger fell, and lost his chance. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL NEWS. The University of Cambridge has petitioned the Legis lature against the admission of Jews into Parliament. MR. BROOKE, THE RAJAH OF SARAWAK.--, This dis tinguished philanth ro pi s t h as b een i nv it e d to Oxford, to receive the honorary degree of D.C.L. from the University. The Lord Bishop of Winchester presided yesterday (Monday) at a public meeting intended to do honour to Mr. Brooke and his fellow missionaries to Borneo. The rectory of Clapham, Surrey, vacant by the death of Archdeacon Dealtry, D.D., has been conferred on the Rev. T. B. Bowyer, M.A. _ It is said that Dr. Phi Ipot, Master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, who performed the honours of Vice-Chancel lor during the late royal visit, has been appointed tutor to the Prince of Wales. ANOTHER REGIIJM DONUM.—At a late meeting of the Congregational Union, Dr. Alexander, of Edinburgh, warned his hearers of the probability of an offer of a re pium donum to the Scotch Free Church, through the me diation of Mr. Fox Maule. The election of LOW Rector of Glasgow University was decided on Monday, when Lord John Russell was defeated by Mr. Mure, of Caldwell, M.P. for Renfrew shire. Mr. Mure was elected by a majority of nations and separate votes. He is a conservative. The Dean and Chapter of Manchester met in the parish church (now the Cathedral) of that city, on Wednesday last, in obedience to the cono d'ilire issued by Her Majesty, and duly elected the Rev. James Prince Lee, to the office of First Bishop of Manchester. The Lord-Ordinary of Glasgow has pronounced judg ment relative to the Hebrew chair in the Edinburgh Uni versity. The judgment prohibits Mr. M`Douall from ex ercising the office of Professor of Hebrew to which he has been elected, until he comply with the provisions of the Treaty of Union. The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge have granted the sum of £BOO towards the erection of a cathe dral at Fredericton, New Brunswick, £3OO to be paid as soon as the building is fit for .the performance of divine service, and the remaining £5OO upon the completion of the works, reported by Dr. Medley, the Bishop of Frede ricton, to be now in progress. OXFORD, Nov. 18.—REui us PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY. —Dr. Samuel Hinds, formerly of Queen's College, and Vice-Principal of Alban-hall, has been appointed Re gius Professor of Divinity, in the room of Dr. Hampden. Dr. Hinds was Vice-Principal during the time that Dr. Whateley, now Archbishop of Dublin, was Principal, and is the author of a once popular compendium of Logic, and a History of the Early Progress of Christianity. CONVOCATION OF THE CLERGY.—A grand convocation of the clergy took place last week in St. Paul's Cathedral. The great doors at the west end of the cathedral were thrown open soon after eleven o'clock, and the Bishops of Hereford and Rochester, the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, the advocates, proctors, and other officers of Doctors' Commons, and a number of the clergy, walked in procession up the centre aisle, preceded by the vergers. The service was then read in Latin by the Bishop of Hereford, and a Latin sermon was preached by Dr. Jelf, the Principal of King's College. After which the proces sion was again formed, and the convocation quitted the cathedral. THE NEW BISHOP or MANCHESTER.—A correspondent of the Record says :—" Mr. Lee has educated a son of mine ; and I can only say, what shave often said, that, under God, he has succeeded in thoroughly implanting in my son deep religious feelings and thoroughly Protestant sentiments. Comparisons are proverbially odious, but I must say I am sure that in no school in England could my son have received greater moral and religious benefit. You yourself bear witness to Mr. Lee's efficiency in infus ing scholarship—the Universities do the same. What I wish humbly to testify is, Mr. Lee's wonderful power in kindling, or increasing and confirming, personal religion. He is, you may rest assured, a spiritually-minded man. His pupils will not easily forget the preparation they re ceived from him for confirmation. He is an excellent di vine, and makes his pupils such. I cannot speak too highly and too gratefully of him for the decided taste for scriptural and critical divinity which he has been the means of exciting in my son." THE NEW ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.—The Right Rev. Thomas Musgrave, D.D., is a native of Cambridge. His father, the late Mr. W. Peete Mugrave, was a woollen draper and tailor, and obtained some notoriety about the end of the last century as a warm and liberal supporter of the whigs, at a time when whig advocacy, especially in a university town, displayed not a little courage in the par tisan. Dr. Musgrave was born, we believe, in 1788 in 1806 he became a student of Trinity College, Cambridge ; graduated B.A. (14th wrangler) in 1810; and was after wards elected a fellow of Trinity, which fellowship he continued to bold until he obtained a mitre in 1837 ; and in 1811 he obtained the second of the members' prizes for middle bachelors, and in the following year the last of the same prizes for senior bachelors ; he proceeded M.A. in 1813 ; in 1821 he succeeded Professor Redouard in the Lord Almoner's professorship of Arabic; in 1831 he was appointed to the office of senior proctor; he succeeded Dr. Cresswell in the incumbency of St. Mary the Great, Cambridge ; he also filled the office of bursar of his col lege ; in 1837 he was appointed to the see of Hereford, and in the same year was created D.D. by royal mandate. In 1839 Dr. Musgrave married the Hon. Catherine Ca vendish, youngest daughter of Richard, second Baron Waterpark. Dr. C. Musgrave, Archdeacon of Craven and Vicar of Halifax, is a younger brother of the Bishop. EPISCOPAL ASPIRANTS.—The move among the bishops is setting the Liberal papers in full activity on behalf of their respective proteges. Thus, the Gateshead Observer puts in a claim for the mitre of Durham, on any possible vacancy, in behalf of Dr. Waddington, "the excellent Dean of Durham," as he undoubtedly is, and will for the present, at least, remain. The Hull Advertiser waxes bolder in behalf of a political partizan. Our last-named Liberal contemporary informs ministers that they " are imperatively called upon to consider the claims of those clergymen who have distinguished themselves in the ad vocacy of measures by the triumph of which they have Teen placed in office—always (adds our anxious friend) provided they be gentlemen of spotless lives, and other wise well qualified to fill the high offices in the church. None of us in Hull (says the Advertiser) can pretend to be strangers to the strong claims of the Rev. James As pinall, rector of Althorpe, Lincolnshire, upon a Free trade Government. We are all in a condition (continues our northern contemporary) to bear testimony to the surpassing eloquence with which that rev. gentleman, in full assemblies of our fellow townsmen, made clear to the most clouded intellect the enormities of the Corn-laws and the evils of the whole system of commercial monopoly. The Rev. Mr. Aspinall, to the erudition of the scholar and the studies of a divine, adds the political grasp of mind of a sound politician and an able statesman. Why is he not made a bishop ? " Why not, indeed—with such recommendations as those advanced by the Hull Adver tiser 7—Church Gazette. THE DEAN AND CANONS OF MANCHESTER AND THE BISHOP OF CHESTER. The following address has been recently sent to the Bishop of Chester by the Dean and Canons of Manches ter. It is a valedictory address in respect of the Bishop's episcopal superintendence of this diocese : To the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of . Chester. We, the Dean and Canons of Manchester in Charter assembled, beg leave to approach your lordship with the expression of our unfeigned respect and affection. Long blessed, as this most important diocese has been, under your lordship's superintendence, we cannot permit the time to arrive when we shall be placed under other episcopal care, without a recognition, no less due to your lordship than grateful to ourselves, of the many and inva luable benefits which it has received at your lordship's hands. On all sides we see lasting memorials of your lordship's indefatigable labours and Christian zeal, whilst your kind and courteous demeanour, on all occasions of public and private intercourse with ourselves, demands the expression of our warmest gratitude. In contemplating your lordship's removal from the su perintendence of this diocese, it is a source of high satis faction that your lordship will still, as we believe, be con nected with us as the visitor of our college. It is our earnest prayer that your lordship may long live to adorn your exalted station, and in the enjoyment of health and every other blessing.—Given under our Chapter seal this tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven. In answer the following has been addressed to the Chapter by the Bishop of Chester : To the Very Reverend the Dean and the Reverend the Canons of Manchester. My Reverend Brethren,—l beg you to accept my sin cere thanks for your affectionate address, on the occasion of my separation from the diocese of Manchester. I can not but acquiesce in the general opinion that the diocese of Chester required division, and that Manchester ought to become a Bishop's See. At the same time I regret the severance of a connexion which has continued through nineteen years, and has left upon my mind 'the pleasing recollection of a hospitable welcome on the part of the Dean and Canons whenever my duties carried me to Man chester, and a ready co-operation in whatever measures appeared likely to promote those spiritual interests, for which an increasing population made it daily more and more difficult to provide. I shall rejoice to hear of the successful progress of those exertions for the education and oversight of the inhabit ants of Manchester, in which we have been mutually en gaged, and with an earnest prayer for your own welfare, both individually and collectively, and for that of the city in which you have so important an interest.—l remain reverend brethren, your faithful friend and brother. Chester, November 15th, 1847. J. B. CHESTER. COURT AND FASHION. -4- Her Majesty will, according to present arrangements, leave London by the South-Western Railway on Tuesday (to-day) morning for Gosport, en route to Osborne, Isle of Wight, where the Court will sojourn about 10 days. THE QUEEN DOWAGER.—Letters have been received, announcing the safe arrival, at the island of Madeira, of her Majesty and suite, all in good health. Prince Louis Napoleon has arrived at Eglinton Castle, Ayrshire, from the Isle of Arran, on a visit to Lord and Lady Eglinton. The Duke and Duchess of Cleveland have lately been the guests of the Dean of Durham, and on Sunday week their Graces attended the services at Durham Cathedral, and were enraptured with their rich solemnity. A NOBLE SPouTswomAN.—The Marquis and Mar chioness of Breadalbane have been entertaining a shoot ing party at Taymouth. The Duchess of Montrose shot four splendid bucks in the noble marquis's forest, three of them having royal heads. Her ladyship stalked in first-rate style—hill or glen no object—all obstacles being easily surmounted when game was in view, Nov. 23, 1847. THE WORKING OF ONE-SIDED FREE TRADE. The official accounts of the Board of Trade, for the nine months ended Oct. JO, 1847, compared with the cor responding periods in the two preceding years, have just been published, and ex hibit, says th e Dublin Mail, in a remarkable manner the disastrous failure of the Peel and Cobden system of one-sided free trade. The accounts of imports and exports, like those for the eight months ended Sep. 10, continue to show a rapidly increasing importa tion and consumption of articles which contribute to the daily sustenance of the people, and a marked falling off of those which form the basis of manufacturing industry, and consequently of future trade. Thus the numbers of live animals (cattle, sheep, and hogs,) imported between January 5, and Oct. 10, in each year, were as follow : 1845.. 1846 1847 The increase in 1847 over 1845 being no less than 900 per cent. In the total imports of the various articles of provisions including bacon, beef, and pork, the increase of 1847 over 1845 is little short of 400 per cent. The figures stand thus : 1845, 1846. 1847. Cwt. 109,550 • 403,877 Even foreign butter and cheese show an increased con sumption, in the former article, from 188,801 cwts. in 1845, to 253,842 cwts. in 1847 ; and in the latter, in the same years, from 191,440 to 266,601 cwts. The increase in the importation of grain is very remark able. In the single official month, Sep. 5, to Oct. 10, there was imported : Grain of all kinds.. . . 242,945 qrs. .. 1,169,807 qrs. Flour and Meal .... 356,004 cwt. .. .. 1,639,255 cwt During the entire of the nine months ended Oct. 10, the comparison shows the following results :- 1846. 1847 Grain of all kinds.. .. 2,635,218 qr 5..... 7,905,419 qrs Flour and Meal .... 2,631,341 cwt..... 7,900,880 cwt If we convert the flour and meal into their equivalents in grain, the imports during the last nine months will be found to amount to the enormous quantity of 10,162,813 quarters, or to the food for one year of more than te n millions of people. The increase in the imports of bread_ stuffs, in 1847, over 1846, amounts to upwards of 300 per cent. In articles of luxury, the comparative accounts of the• respective periods of nine months show similar results : the consumption of foreign spirits has increased upwards of a million of gallons since 1845. The figures stand thus : Spirits duty paid, January 5, to October 10 :- 1845. 1846. 1847. Gals. Gals. Gals. Rum .. 1,786,048 1,815,538 2,428,512 Brandy.... 788,968 1,095,068 1,152,765 Geneva.... 12,072 30,713 23,091 T0ta1.... 2,587,088 2,941,319 3,604,368 It would thus appear that we have been good customers to the world during the last few months, buying freely and living well. Let us now turn to the provision we have been making of means to keep up this great expenditure : unfortunately we have not been so active in that direction. There are only two sources from which an individual or a nation can derive the means of purchasing foreign com modities, viz., 1. Accumulated capital ; and 2, the cur rent produce of industry. The accounts before us shew,. in a very convincing manner, that we have not drawn the means of increasing our outlay, from the latter source. There has been an enormous decrease in the import of raw materials for the use of our principal branches of manufacture and trade. The following figures show to what an extent this has taken place in some of the chief articles. Imported January 5 to October 10 : Flax, cwt Hemp 624,866 588,034 465,220- Wool, Cotton Sheep,'s lbs Indigo, cwts Madder Root. . . Guano, tons This evidence, showing that we have been paying for our foreign corn, beef, and rum, in gold drawn from our stores of accumulated capital, and not by a barter of the current produce of our industry, is surely sufficient to ac count for existing monetary difficulties, without the ne cessity for a recurrence to any of the theories of the cur rency doctors. If a tailor or shoemaker in Dame-street, or Grafton-street, were notoriously to spend his money in buying Westphalia hams and Cogniac brandy, instead of cloth or leather, we should find no difficulty in account ing for this shop being closed some fine morn i ng , an d hi s body committed to the safe keeping of the Sheriff. The entire nation, during the last two or three years, has been but a collection of a number of individuals similarly im provident. _ We have not yet done with these accounts, which, while they thus prove the absurdity of one-sided recipro city, inflict a heavy blow upon another branch of Peel policy. There are facts which render it manifest that this over outlay and under production—this spending half-a crown out of sixpence a-day, was the effect directly of the stimulus given to the railway mania by the ex-Premier. As long as the navvies were kept at work, and as money. could be drawn from the regular branches of trade for their use, the work of consumption went on briskly ; coffee, sugar, tea and spirits were at a premium. In most • of these articles the consumption of the entire nine Tiiat hs shows a considerable increase—but in almost all, that of the last month (since the Railway works have been brought to a stand still), a considerable reduction has taken place. It is also obvious that the large imports of the year have not been caused by any increased expendi ture among the upper classes—while the consumption of spirits rose a million of gallons, that of wine fell from 5,298,042 gallons in 1845, to 4,694,791 gallons in 1847. It will be readily admitted that these are curious facts ; but whatever else he can do, Sir Robert Peel is, at all events, a master-hand at the jumbling of figures, and, no doubt, he will make all appear straight, if the matter should happen to excite the attention of the House of Commons. The public, nevertheless, will think of the matter—when their capital, current and accumulated, shall have finally floated off. SCHOOL PRIZES EMULATION. It will be objected by certairipurists in education, that prizes are injudicious—that they stir up envy, strife, emu lation, and discontent—that higher and nobler principles should be inculcated as motives to exertion—that children should be taught to learn, because it is their duty and fu ture interest to do so, and not at all for the sake of grati fying their love of approbation. This has often been said, and in a country too where the education of the noble and wealthy is conducted, in a great measure, on this very re pudiated principle : where human life is nothing less than a parpetual struggle for the athla keitneua eu meso—the prizes so profusely spread before the eyes of the poorest and the most humble. Such a relegation of the principle of emulation might be judicious, if it were an object of public policy to train the people in the apathy of the an cient Peruvians • but assuredly not so in a country such as ours. May ienot, too, be calculated to cast a shade of untruthfulness over all our teaching, when a class of mo tives are not merely subordinated to others, but wholly repudiated ; while, at the same time, the characteristic r acuteness of childhood must perceive, that of all around it, some are entirely, while others are in a great measure, ruled by these abnegated principles and much-decried motives. Even were it possible to extinguish the feeling of emulation, such a course would be objectionable. The constituent elements of our moral nature were implanted in us for wise purposes. The perfection of moral action consists not in their eradication, but in their due subordi nation and control. The attempt to eradicate those se condary principles, with a view to afford more freedom for the growth of primary motives, apparently more unexcep tionable, is no less unphilosophical than it would be inju dicious, 'if successful : unphilosophical, as subversibe of the due equilibrium of our moral principles, and injudi cious, because wherever the attempt has even partially succeeded, the result has been the excessive predominance of other secondary principles much more objectionable. He that would deny the propriety of the influence of such motives on our actions, should also assert that we ought not to eat because we are hungry, or drink because we are thirsty, but on the higher grounds of preserving our health, and for the sustentation of our bodies. How much more then of true wisdom is there shown in educing the. feeling of emulation in childhood ; in training, guiding, and keeping it within due bounds, than when we endea vour to retard its growth by the harsh and nipping frosts of stern discipline, till at last it shoots forth in all the rank and late luxuriance of an undisciplined manhood, unchecked and uncontrolled ; for " life," as it has well been observed, " is but a competition, or a number of competitions." Nor is this view less sanctioned by expe rience. Are the higher classes, who pass through this or deal, more prone to envy, or more jealous of one another than the poor ? Is it not true that those passions are vi rulent in proportion to the lack of education ? It is a misapprehension of the truth to infer, that if one class of motives act upon the mind, even with considerable force, all the others become either evanescent or wholly inope rative; that if‘for example, the love of praise be appealed to, the principles of duty and obedience can no longer be heard. This is not so ; for it may be laid down as a me taphysically universal proposition, that no one human ac tion results from a single motive. Actions are the " mo ral resultants," so to speak, of numerous motives, some great, others of little force—of some that conspire toge ther, of others that are in direct antagonism. It is this phenomenon which gives to conscience her supremacy ; for, if every action were the result of a single motive, one does not well see where would be the opportunity for con science to interfere. The very structure of language proves this ; for what is it to deliberate, but to weigh mo tives, to give to each its due moral force. It follows, then, that an appeal to one class of motives by no means infers the suspended action of others. Why. then, may not the feelings of emulation, of love of praise, be as fairly ap pealed to as the more directly selfish feelings of our na ture ? Are we at liberty, in our desperate conflict with ignorance, recklessness, apathy, and vice, to cast from our hands the ready aid of any instrument not essentially evil ? If such views are founded in truth, it will necessarily fol low that we should leave no mode untried to supply in centives to exertion. Amongst such, the distribution of prizes, and other honorary rewards, holds the high dis tinction which the experience of ages has conferred upon it, that when judiciously and discreetly managed, it is one of the most powerful, as well as one of the most exten sively useful of those means of inciting to action, which the nature of man itself has placed in our hands.—Exa mination the Province qf the State, by Dr. James 1 Booth, F.R,S. 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