The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-06-04 00:00:00

THE PRESIDENT. We are still without any intelligence of the long-missing President. She sailed on the 10th of March, so that eighty five days have elapsed since she left New York ; and though we are reluctant to abandon all hopes of her re-appearance, it is impossible not to entertain the most serious apprehen sions as to her fate. Meantime, however, surmises more easily formed than shown to be reasonably tenable, continue to be indulged in by a portion of the press, and whatever transpires on which the most remote possibility of her safety can be hinged, is eagerly seized, and with more adroitness than discretion, magnified into a strong probability, tending to excite expectations which are unhappily blighted. Did we consult our own individual feelings we should shrink from a recurrence, for the present at least, to a subject that can not be touched without creating the most painful forebodings. But as every thing that transpires relative to the ill-fated vessel is looked for with anxiety by the public at large, we are reluctantly constrained to the task. On Wednesday a great sensation was created in the busi ness part of the town by the following information, furnished to the Underwriters and Exchange News Rooms, by Cap tain Arbuthnot, of the brig Fortitude, which arrived at this port that morning from Buenos Ayres : " A very large steamer, without funnel, crippledforemast, large paddle-boxes painted a dark colour, with a large square topsail set on the main topmast ; topgallant sail on the fore topmast, and with fore and aft sails, was seen by the Forti tude about ten miles distant, on the 27th of May, at five o'clock, a.m. in latitude 47, N. longitude 24 30, W. steering north-east, and making but slow progress." This was calculated to cheer the drooping hopes of many of those who felt an interest in the fate of the President, though others cautiously abstained from forming hasty con clusions, or premises certainly somewhat vague and uncer tain, Our contemporary the Mail, with his accustomed acuteness, came to the aid of the former in his paper of yes terday morning, in an article as follows : "THE PRESIDENT SAFE! " In the midst of the numerous and most ridiculous re ports so absurdly circulated, regarding the probable fate of the President, it is in the highest degree gratifying to us to be the first newspaper to announce that there is an almost absolute certainty of her safety, and that she may, ere long, be expected again to anchor in the quiet waters of the Mer sey. By the brig Fortitude, which arrived yesterday morn ing, we learn that a steamer, with her machinery disabled, and exactly answering her description. was seen on Friday last, near to the Azores Island, under sail, and apparently steering for Ireland. She was almost in the tract of the Halifax mail steamers ; and as the Britannia, which has been due several days, has not come into port, we think it exceed ingly probable that she may have the President in tow, and will bring her up in the course of the day, or give a satis factory information that she has left her safely moored in the harbour of Cork." He concludes by furnishing, as the ground of his argument, the information above quoted, as received from Captain Arbuthnot. We deeply regret that the sanguine expectations of our contemporary, amounting to" an almost absolute certainty", have already been wholly and lamentably dissipated. The vessel which Captain Arbuthnot saw (and with whose report the Mail takes a liberty which it does not warrant, in stating that it conveyed an exact description of the President), has since arrived in this port, and turns out to be the London, from Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, which had been crippled in her foremast, and had some timber piled on her decks, that, at the distance of ten miles might be mistaken for paddle-boxes. This is placed beyond a doubt by the latitude and longitude of that vessel on the day and at the hour mentioned precisely corresponding with Captain Arbuthnot'a account. The Mail speaks of " numerous ridicuious reports ab surdly circulated" regarding the President, and not con tented with very kindly discovering that vessel, and announcing an " almost absolute certainty of her safety," he condescendingly undertakes to have her towed up into the " quiet waters of the Mersey," or into Cork, by the royal mail steam-ship Britannia, which he puts it down as exceed ingly probable had fallen in with her ! Ridiculous as have been the reports alluded to by the Mail, and all of which he, too, " absurdly circulated" in this town, no conjecture half so ridiculous or absurd as that the little Britannia would be sure to overtake the huge President, and tow her from the vicinity of the Azores to the Sloyne ! This man ner of accounting for the Britannia being a day or two beyond the usual time is worthy of the ingenuity of the wiseacres of Liver-court, but it is nevertheless exceedingly ridiculous and absurd. If the Britannia fell in with the Pre sident at all, (which is not very probable,) all she could do— being a mail boat conveying important dispatches and letters under a government charter—would be to take off the pas sengers and crew, if she were in a very leaky or dangerous state, and abandon her; or, if otherwise, but with her ma chinery disabled, take off the passengers, and supply the crew with provisions, or such stores or assistance, as would enable them to hold out in working her home. This, unless the weather were stormy, could be accomplised in a few hours, a delay beyond which no captain of a mail steamer would care to incur, as it would involve a breach of his instructions. If she were found in distress in the proximity of a port that Could be reached within a few hours, the Britannia, it may be added, might probably have given her a tow. But even on the supposition that the Britannia had become a steam-tug for once, by what logic, by what nautical calcu lation, according to Moore or Norris, does the Mail make it out, that both vessels will " be up " at Liverpool on the day he writes. He knows nothing of the difficulties and tardiness of towing a vessel of that size and burthen, otherwise he would not give " absurd circulation," to " most ridiculous" assumptions, which those who are at all conversant with ma ritime affairs cannot " hoist in." We shall not be sur prised after this to find it announced by the erudite writers of the Mail, that they have discovered the desiderata of the longitude, and the squaring of the circle. CONSECRATION OF NEW CHURCHES, Our beloved and persevering diocesan has this week been busily occupied in the performance of incessant but very gratifying duties in this town. We have elsewhere noticed his administration of the rite of confirmation, and now we have the pleasure to record his consecration of no less than three new churches in our own immediate locality. The first consecration was that of the church dedicated to St. Clement, recently erected at Windsor, and of which the Rev. Frederick Parry, late of Chester, has been appointed the officiating minister. The service was well attended by the surrounding population : among whom the zeal and piety of the respected minister will doubtless effect much good. Yesterday the Bishop consecrated the new church erected on a plot of land between Greenland-street and Parliament street, at the expense of the Liverpool Church Building So ciety. It is dedicated to St. Barriabas. A tolerably f u ll congrega tion attended on the occasion, amongst whom was a large body of clergy. Prayers were read by the Rev. James Nolan, after which the Bishop preached an excellent and im proving sermon adapted to the occasion. Mr. Nolan, as we stated some time ago, has been appointed to the incumbency of this church. The rev. gentleman is a staunch advocate of Protestantism., Previous to his arrival among u s h e was cu rate of St. Peter's Church, in Stockport : and to shew the estimation he was held in there, we quote the following para graph from the Stockport Advertiser:— " Since Mr. Nolan nnounced his intention o f res i gn i ng the curacy of St. Peter's, a most strenuous effort has been made by his congregation to retain him as their pastor. A memorial has been presented to hi m , s i gne d b y a l most every pewholder in his church, and by a very large proportion of the congregation , generallly expressing their entire satisfac tion with him as their minister, and praying him to remain amongst them. \V hile this document was in course of sig nature, several very pleasing incidents came to light, of the estimation in which Mr. Nolan is held by the humbler mem bers of his congregation. We believe Mr. Nolan would have gladly complied with the flattering request made to him, but the delichte health of Mrs. Nolan, to the complete restora tion of which sea air seems indispensable, finally determined him to accept the situation, painful as it might be for him to leave a town where he has experienced so many acts of per sonal kindness, and where his ministerial labours were so useful and so g enerally appreciated. We again congratulate the congregation of St. Barnabas, Liverpool, on the choice which has been made for them of a pastor ; and we devoutly pray that ' the 'Lord of the Harvest may send many more such. labourers into his vineyard.' Beset as the church at this moment is, by traitors from within, and fierce foes without, there never was a period in her history when her usefulness, and even her very existence, depended more on the character and conduct of her ministers." This morning (Friday) the Bishop will proceed to Waterloo, to consecrate Christ Church, when the Rev. Mr. Bates, late curate at St. Bride's, officiates with zeal and success. We are glad to say, that in a very short time one or more additional churches in the neighbourhood will be ready for consecration. Our venerable diocesan cannot b e too fre quently occupied with discharging this portion of his episco pal duties; and we are satisfied that there is none in which he takes greater delight. PIITHISIS, OR CONSUMPTION.—This dreadfuldisease has, with much truth, been called the scourge of Great Britain ; nor can this be wondered at when it is recollected its victims are generally the young and beautiful, and those whose every feeling endear them to their home and friends. We perceive that Mr. Cronin has taken a view of this affection different from the generality of medical practitioners : deeming it to arise from diseased heart, he treats the primary state as dis ease of this important organ, which, in almost every instance, will be found seriously affected, and to cause that languor and lassitude that invariably precedes confirmed plithisis.— See Cronin on Diseases of the Nervous System. MILNER'S PATENT FIRE -PROOF BOXES. —We have be fore us a curious old document, drawn in the reign of Henry VIII., and ratified by five individuals. Of course the writing is on parchment, but there is nothing so curious in the con tents of the deed as in the style of its ratification, which is not a little indicative of the spirit of the age. Clerkly skill was not then so general as at the present day, and but few individuals were capable of subscribing their names to a docu tnent. Signing, therefore, was less common than sealing, and many a doughty baron was fain to adopt the latter mode of attestation. Many of our readers may have m e t w i th a copy of an old title deed , whereby Wil l ia m the Conqueror conveyed certain estates to, we believe, the family of How_ and for the feudal service of A crossbow and arrow When he should go and hunt at i lr'k who drew th e row. It will be remembered that the ryhming clerk deed caused the monarch to say, And in token that the thing is soo h, I have bit the white wax with my tooth. It was very commoe, for even the greate st dignitaries use the tooth, or the nail', or the impress of th e fin g er even.in lieu of a seal. The deed before us bears no signatures, but pended to it are five seals, four of which are impressed is the devices of exc ee di ng l y ru d e workmanship. The fifth merely marked with th e fi nger , an d the grain or surface of the skin of the indi v id ua l w h o h as b een for centuries laid in the dust, is distinctly visible on the wax. This document was, with a number of books and papers, ulaced, on Monday last, in one of Miln er ' s patent f i re-proo f lioxes, which was in the presence of the mayor, Sir Thomas Braucher, and several gentlemen of high respectability, put into the centre of a large fire, made with a quantity of wood, and about 6 cwt of coal. The box was kept in the fire for two hours, when it was taken out, suffered to cool, and then opened. The whole of the documents were found to be as perfect as when they were first placed in the box. The deed of which we have spoken, had been purposely placed near the surface, and it now lies before us almost as fresh as when it was first en grossed. A notification of the ordeal to which it has been subjected has been written on the back of the document, and subscribed by the mayor and the other gentlemen present. Onr readers will find a copy of it in an advertisement in another part of our paper. The box and its contents, with She ancient deed, are in the master's room, Exchange. !JR, GEORGE WILBRANAM AND THE con>: LAWS One of the most extraordinary productions we have met with for some time has just fallen under our notice, we allude to the address of Mr. George Wilbraham, the present mem ber for South Cheshire, to his constituents and other electors of that division of the county. When we look back at Mr. George Wilbraham's career as a legislator, when we examine the cameleon-like changes which have periodically taken place in his opinions—we can not wonder very much at finding that another " variation of shade" has presented itself to view. Mr. George Wilbraham has been termed " the farmer's friend" ; now what has Mr. George 'Wilbraham done for the farmer, we should like to know ? Can any agriculturist in the county of Chester point to any one item in connection with a farm or with farming generally, that Mr. George Wilbraham can be said to have benefitted by his return to parliament? "The honourable member" has advocated a total repeal of the corn-laws, then he became a convert to the extension of opinions in favour of a moderate fixed duty, next, he spoke in favour of the corn laws remaining in their present state. When the last debate on the corn-laws took place, Mr. Wilbraham said he could not consent to make this country dependent for its supply of one of the first necessaries of life upon foreign kingdoms. If they threw themselves upon foreign countries for a supply, what guarantee had they that Russia would not close her ports against them ? The supply from Central Europe would be precarious, and France, Spain and Portugal were generally speaking more importing than exporting countries. It was his firm belief that there was no grain in Europe so good as that which was grown ir4 England ; and he should be sorry to see this country obliged to ransack every part of the globe, and yet reduced to the greatest extremity, as al ready had occurred in the year 1729. And now we come to the document we allude to at the commencement of this ar ticle—namely, Mr. George Wilbraham's address to the elec- ton : "The corn law is a subject of universal interest throughout the kingdom." It needs " no ghost to tell us this." " The question at present is rather as to the comparative expediency of a fixed duty, or of the present sliding scale." What Mr. Wilbraham means by a comparative expediency is not very clear; nor is the next sentence more lucid:— " I am ready to support a fixed duty in preference to the present sliding scale; but I consider a duty of Bs. per quar ter inadequate for the protection of the farmer, and I shall not be satisfied without a higher amount of duty." Now, what is the amount of duty which will be adequate to protect the farmer? Why, Mr. George Wilbraham knows right well that Bs., which he honestly avows he will not vote for, will not be sufficient; and he knows that neither 12s. or 155., nor, indeed, anything short of 205., will protect the farmer; and when we find the honourable member proceeding to " Consistently with these opinions, I shall vote for the proposition of the government, which does no more than affirm the general principle of a fixed duty, but I shall do so with an express understanding that I do not thereby assent to the rate of duty proposed by the government, and that I shall not be satisfied without a full protection to the farmer," We consider that this is an avowal tantamount to a positive re fusal to support the government in their measure, and a mere truckling to the opinions of the electors for electioneering purposes. Mr. George Wilbraham knows that for the protection of the farmer the ministry care not a but ton—they only care for the interests of the dense po pulation of the manufacturing towns, where Radi calism, Papacy, and Infidelity infest their purlieus. It is not in the free air of the country, amongst the right minded, honest yeomen, uncontaminated by the rubbish pottered and mumbled at "institutes," that the present wretched administration look for strength ; no, it is in the towns that man bath made—not in the country—Gon's bright creation. Mr. Wilbraham will not deceive the agri culturists of Cheshire again. The wealth of the country is very great, and its interests must not be left in the hands of an experimentalist as Mr. George Wilbraham assuredly is—to play with. He has " turned, and turned, and turned again"—but having taken all the turns on the subject, there is nothing now left for him to do but return to his first posi tion, and advocate a total repeal, which he will do, should the electors be so foolish as to place confidence in him again. The registration for South Cheshire we are assured is in a most prosperous condition. Mr. Tollemache's reception has been most enthusiastic every where, and when we declare that he has secured three votes out of every four, we are within the mark. Mr. Tollemache's persevering and phi lanthropic endeavours, in procuring for the poor benighted Weaver river population and navigation the great benefits and blessings of religious instruction, will not be forgotten. The great want of church accomodation throughout the line of the Weaver is too well known ; and when the Sunday trading was abolished, the state of the flatmen and hawlers was worse than ever, for their idleness proved a powerful incentive to crime and vicious indulgence. Few men have such facilities for plunder as has this class of people, and their conduct ought to be morally good in every possible way. Mr. George Wilbraham opposed this measure, having the fear of the ratepayers before his eyes rather than the fear of God, for the question at the time was not well understood by the generality of the Cheshire inhabitants, some of whom expected nothing less than that the passing of the act and the building of the Weaver churches would entail upon them a heavy country rate. There is much to be done to secure Mr. Tollemache's election, but let the farmers of Cheshire mark well Mr. George Wilbraham's address, let them note its absurdities, its waverings, and its indecisive tenor, and let them ponder well before they give him their vote. - The address is a type of Mr. George Wilbraham's principles, his abilities, and his consistency. We will now conclude with the close of the address, which is as soft, and silly, and vague as any other portion : " These views do not at all connect with any general ap proval of those measures recently proposed by the govern ment, which have for their object the advancement of the commercial and manufacturing interests, the alleviation of the distresses of the poor, and the general prosperity of the country." INQUEST ON THE BODY OF THE STEWARD OF THE UNITED STATES.-VERDICT OF WILFUL MURDER AGAINST A PASSENGER. On Wednesday an inquisition was held at the Sessions house, before P. F. Curry, Esq.,Coroner, touching the death of Eli Robinson, a coloured man, steward of the ship United States, which arrived from New Orleans on Sunday last. The prisoner is a stout-built, round-faced, and rather good-looking young man, with nothing of apparent ferocity in his countenance. He was dressed . in blue trowsers and a fustian jacket, and, from his accent, is doubtless a native of Ireland. His name is Patrick Cahill. Until told that he might sit down, he stood with his hands locked against his breast. When asked, after the first witness had been ex amined, if he had any questions to put, he said,in a quiet tone, "No ; I ask no questions—l have done that." The following evidence was adduced : Robert Rolston Deakin examined—l am second mate of the American ship United States. The deceased, whose name was Eli Robinson, was steward on board the same vessel. He was about 55 years old. We left New Orleans about the middle of April last. The prisoner was a steerage passenger. We arrived at Liverpool on Sunday n igh t and on Tuesday m o rn ing went alongside the Prince 's pier head for the purpose of docking. I observed the deceased and the prisoner together at the fore part of the vessel. The prisoner was asking him for some tobacco, and the de ceased said he h a d none . Th e p r i son er said " giveit to me, or I'll kill you." The deceased then run to the starboard side of the vessel, and the prisoner followed him. I did not observe that the prisoner had anything in his hand. They ran round the vessel a second time, and the prisoner caught the deceased close by the main rigging. He laid hold of the deceased by his neck, and I saw him strike him on the back and neck. The deceased turned round and raised both his hands up. The prisoner then struck him in the abdomen, and I saw that the prisoner had a knife in his hand. I ran to his assistance, but before I could get to him the prisoner struck the deceased again with the knife two or three times in his bre a st. I got hold of the p r i soner an d ma d e hi m f ast to the main rigging by a rope. The deceased was sitting at the time on the hatchway. I went to him, took off his handkerchief, unbuttoned his waistcoat, and found that he was bleeding freely, but did not observe how many wounds he had in his breast. I had him carried into the cabin, and directly after he was taken on shore. The only words I heard pass between the deceased and the prisoner were those before stated. The prisoner, during the voyage, had always conducted himself in a quiet, peaceable manner. The pri soner was quite sober. We arrived in the channel on Friday, and I expected to be in town on Saturday night, and made a remark that I would never place any dependence on wind or weather again, and said I did not believe there was anything certain but death. The prisoner was then standing by. The following morning, the prisoner came to me and said, "What was that you were saying about murder last night ?" I told him I had said nothing on the subject. He appeared to have something heavy on his mind, and walked the deck all that night. - A. number of other witnesses were examined, who proved the fact of the prisoner having repeatedly stabbed the deceas ed. The last witness examined was Edward Parker, Esq., who deposed as follows :—I am as sistant house-surgeon at the Northern Hospital. The de ceased was brought there on Tuesday mo rn i ng , a b out e i ght o'clock. I saw him immediately, and found life quite ex tinct. I have since made a post mortem examination of the body. There was a wound about half an i nc h l ong on the left breast, which had evidently been occasioned by some sharp instrument. It was situated at the junction of the fourth rib with the breast bone, and appealed to penetrate the cavity of the chest. It passed in a direction downward, between the fourth and fifth ribs, and pierced the purse of the heart, and wounded the right ventricle of the heart. There were several ounces of fluid blood in the purse of the heart, and the cellular tissue in front of the purse was infil trated with blood. The wound on the heart was about the third of an inch in length. The bone of the breast, at its junction with the fourth rib, was nicked by a sharp instru ment. The wound on the heart was the cause of death. There was a flesh wound on the right breast, two flesh wounds on the back, and a wound at the back of the head ; and a small portion of the skull was clipped off. The prisoner, after being cautioned in the usual way, said he had nothing to say. The Coroner briefly addressed the jury. From the evi dence of the Surgeon, it clearly appeared that death was caused by a wound in the heart ; and from that of the other witnesses, no doubt could be entertained but the prisoner's was the hand th at i nfl i cted it. In order to g i ve a verdict of murder, it must be shewn that there was malice either pre pense or implied. Th ere was in this case ev id ent l y an evil design—the pris oner h av i ng said, "If you don't give it me,' --meaning something--" I'll kill y ou ." The circumstance, too, of using a deadly instrument such as the knife, implied malice. He had no doubt of this on his own mind , and if they held the same opinion, the ver di c t wou ld be wilful mur der against the prisoner. The jury immediately returned a verdict of " wilful mur der" against the prisoner, who was committed, on the coro ner's warrant, to take his trial at the assizes. The witnesses wire bound ever t appear against him, in the DM of £l OO each. PALMERSTONIA,NA: ton THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.) " I admire the man who acts from principle "! Lord Palmerston's Speech on the Budget We always thought, dear Palmerston, that you Stood pretty high in your own estimation ; But to another now, it seems, is due Your lordship's condescending admiration For PRINCIPLE You now admire, we see— " The man of principle " ; and who is HE ? This man, preferring principle to pelf, 'Tis very plain, PAL, cannot be thyself! PROTE U 9 How the following correspondence fell into our bands, and by what means we expect to be favoured with the re mainder of the series, we " say not." The letter alluded to in the noble lord's " protocol" we do not publish. It is in truth too noodle-ish even for the worthy perpetual chairman of the mobocracy of Liverpool. INTERCEPTED PROTOCOLS (NO. 1.) _ _ MY VERY DEAR KNIGHT,—Her Majesty's Secretary for Foreign Affairs Plisaw ! I thought I was commencing a despatch to that booby, Sydenham, about some mighty Ca nadian affair, when I'm only writing a confidential letter to you, Sir Joshua, about my election for the borough of Li verpool—my elevation to the seat once occupied by Canning and H uskisson ! Lord, how George would stare if he could only dream of his old tape-tying chum as the foreign secre tary of a whit-radical government, and the anti-corn-law, anti-colonial, pro-popery candidate for Liverpool ! But there 's no end to the marvellous nowadays ; so to business. You say you are getting on well amongst the electors. Now don't expect to barn me, Sir Joshua, into such a folly as leaving my snug quarters at Tiverton upon such a wild goose expedition as this would be into which you would gladly draw me. I repeat, I have not the slightest objection to your putting me up —even to he knocked down again —if you can secure a respectable number of votes; but I won't be committed, mind. If you could screw up your strength to anything approaching to an equality, we might perhaps, by such aids as need not be mentioned, turn the scale ; and, truth to tell, things look so very blue at head-quarters, that some coup de main of this kind is the only thing that can keep us all out of perdition, and in place. But I won't, mind, on such a forlorn hope, "desert the electors of Tiver ton" I 'Twould break their hearts—poor, dear innocents ! But you ask to what principles you are to pledge me. Why, Sir Joshua. 1 didn't think you could have been such a noodle. Principles ! Just fancy me, Lord Viscount Pal merston, enunciating that sublime sentence—" I ADMIRE PRINCIPLE ; I ADMIRE TEE MAN WHO ACTS FROM PRIN CIPLE " ! Lord Johnny declares that Morpeth couldn't have done it with such sublime effect. But to ask ME what principles you may pledge me to at an election is—pardon me, Sir Joshua—a little too ridiculous. Haven't I " boxed the compass" already from ultra-toryism to ultra-radicalism —and talk to me about principles? Sir Joshua, I have no fixed principles; and never had. You may pledge me to. what you like—anything, everything ; but surely you don't expect any pledge of the kind to be redeemed. Make me member for Liverpool, and—a fico for your pledges ! I wouldn't care a rush for corn-laws or constituents. " Populus me sibilat ; At milli plaudo,— simul ac contemplor Nummos in arca." But you don't understand Latin, Sir Joshua ; and more 'a the pity. Why don't you get some of their reverences to " cram" you with a little for parliamentary purposes? But they don't understand it either—more's the shame, when the vagabonds have it under their noses " in swcula sceculo rum" —or. in the vernacular, " morning, noon, and night " —or, better still, " for ever and a day." With respect to the other matters you talk about in your prosy epistle, they are really not worth my notice. It is enough that you can use my name just as you like, and pro mise just what you like; and I can afterwards use a similar license, and perform just what I like. If it 's "no go after all, why I shall be a peer and you a baronet, for your " disinterested efforts in the cause of civil and religious li berty, free trade," and all that sort of thing—perhaps at least, for you know I may be out, and then—" c'est autre chose"; but you don't know French—" worse luck," as my friend Dan would say. Therefore I remain your knight ship's most obedient servant, and would-be- Downing -street , Ist June, 1841. PAL: THE KNIGHT IN REPLY (No. 2.) . . MY VERY DEAR VISCOUNT,—I am glad to find that, with respect to your principles, you give us a fair " margin,' as we say in our prices current; for, to be plain, my lord, we have such a motley set to do with, that, in order to bring them all together, we must not be nice to a shade or two. I have just hinted to a radical fellow who was very obstinate about the new poor law # that although as a member of the cabinet you supported that measure, yet that privately you were,opposed to it, and that its repeal would immediately follow the repeal of the iniquitous bread-tax. There is one subject—a very important one too—which I omitted to touch upon in my last—the subject of your lord ship's religious principles, or rather professions, for you seem touchy upon that word " principle." It is necessary, you know, to profess something; and I cannot for the life of me remember—and the Mercury's " log-book," even, which contains all the notabilia of the last half century, affords no clue to the mystery—what is the religion which your lordship professes. It would be a great acquisition to our chances of success if I could be allowed to hint that you are a Socinian, a Socialist, or anything of that description ; or that, privately even, your opinions leaned towards infi delity in any other shape. The hest and surest card, how ever, would be Popery. If I might say that you were, even privately—for all the world knows that you are not so pub licly—a member of the Roman creed, we should carry the day to a certainty—if bludgeons and brickbats could do anything in Liverpool. You can't think what an effect the hint that her Majesty herself only waited the overthrow of the landed aristocracy to declare herself openly for Popery, has excited amongst the lumpers and hodmeu ; and they are our only hope in this borough. We can't win in the way your lordship points out—with treasury gold or with factory gold. We have tried that before. The " protectors" and their shillelaghs are our only chance ; and that is but a sorry one, if it comes to hard blows. I' receive in good part your lordship's suggestion with respect to the usefulness of Latin to a senator, and have already got by heart Lord Morpeth's quotation about the sliding scale- " Labitur et labetur, in mime voluminus oevum." I can't say that I understand very well what it means though, or that I spell it very correctly ; and the Alercury is not very clear upon it. Don't you think, by the bye, that, upon Welsh subjects at least, a Welsh quotation will be very ap propriate ? lam getting quite a dab at Welsh. I have shown your last letter to several of the committee, who are delighted with the convenience of your lordship's principles, which slip on and off as the wind changes. What a luxury it would be this hot weather, if we had our garments made in this convenient fashion ! Especially to me it would be a luxury when I have to attend meetings of our constitu ents who have a filthy habit of coming without washing hands or face, or changing their boots, (after having been working all day, perhaps, in sewers,) and smell, in conse quence, of anything but rose water. It is scarcely fair in you who enjoy all the profit to leave me all the work, which I assure you is not the pleasantest possible ; but never mind so long as " victory crowns our efforts"—as my address says, or will say rather. Waiting an early reply, I am, your lordship's obedient servant. (The signature is unfortunately obliterated, with the excep tion of one word which is written very large—" KNIGHT.") THE DOWNING-STREET SALE OF ANIMALS, CONTINUED AUCTIONEER, JOHN BULL Lot 9.—MINz, a late favourite dog at Brummagem—a cross between the bull and mastiff. Long ears, short legs, bushy muzzle ; mumbles, but cannot bite. Lot 10.—CoRosER, the fire spaniel. This animal has the very strange propensity of setting fire to its own kennel. Lot 11.—MORBY, a lady's lapdog; a pretty little animal; a great pet; will dance, beg, and perform a variety of fa vourable little tricks. Lot 12.—CHANCELLOR, a curly-haired poodle, has some bad propensities, but is a tolerably good dog. Lot 13.—A pair of hacks, which have lately run in the Westminster stage, but are no longer wanted, will positively be sold. Lot 14.—This lot consists of a curious animal, species not known. It has been called a Mounteagle. Is known to be very fond of Rice. At times becomes inflated, and is then of an enormous size. _ Lot 15.—Six. GEORGE, a Grey roadster ; a tolerably steady hack. Lot 16.—SPEAKER, a ponderous heavy animal ; is com monly known as Wigsby ; suitable for a plough or team. Lot 17.—SIR HEATRCOTE, a favourite donkey, and in good condition. Would be very useful at Fleetwoood or any other watering place ; sure footed, but without brains ; ♦ery long ears. . . Lot 18.—The Salford parrot repeats most distinctly— ' What's o'clock, Poll ?" 7 " Past twelve: go home." Lot 19.—SHRILL, an Irish screech-owl. - Lot 20.—BuLLwrie, a novel animal ; has no peculiar qua lities. _ _ _ Lot 21.— MORGAN, JACK, and MORRICE, whelps of the Irish blood-hound. _ _ These animals must be cleared off the premises the day of sale, as there is much small vermin to be destroyed, and it is fully expected the place abounds with rats. THEATRE-ROYAL Sir E. L. Bulwer's play of " Richelieu" was played on Tuesday, and we cannot but admit that it was most admirably done. Mr. Macready, as the Cardinal, presented us with a fine portrait of that celebrated statesman. Declining in years, but not in intellect, we observed the tottering footstep and the trembling gait, but we saw also the immortal mind existing strong end vigorous as in other times. Mr. Ma cready's acting was most masterly, and with all the high finish of perfection. The scenes in his chamber—at Rouelle, and before the king, were all excellent. Mrs. Salsberg (late Miss Phillips) played Julie very beautifully. She appears to have grown thin in person since we last saw her, but her voice and graceful action are as fascinating as ever. Mr. Stuart played Barradas with great ability. He drew with truthful ness the character of the plotting courtier, whose ambition prompted him to mount—no matter how—but whose mind had not the power to overreach the master-spirit who swayed France's destiny. Barradas was extremely well done. Mr. Stuart has placed another laurel in his histrionic wreath. Mr. Holl as De Mauprat looked and acted the gallant sol dier well. His manly bearing and dashing appearance might well captivate Richelieu's fair ward. Mr. Lynne (who was engaged here last season) on this occasion played Joseph, the humble but tried and trusty friend of Richelieu. This cha racter requires great nicety and attention ; many fine points in the Cardinal would " go tardily o ff" if no t we ll p l aye d up to by Joseph. Deep in his master's secrets, obedient to his will, and ready to do his bidding, Joseph goes sturdily to work, without much prospect of present gain, and looks only for the " bishopric" in fuluro. Mr. Ly nne b a l anced th e scale nicely between dutiful attention and subserviency ; and we must say, that he did this uphill, unassuming character with great ability. Mr. Lynne . only wants opportunity—a clear stage and no favour. He is a rising actor, and time will show it. Mr. Bland exerted himself wonderfully as Riche lieu's page. It is the best character we have seen him play for some time. He threw off his apathetic indifference and that " I don't careishness" which generally prevails through out his acting. He seemed to feel what he w as a b out. Mr. G. Horncastle pl a yed Huguet with great judgm en t. Mi ss Barrett must be commended as Ma r ion De L' Orme ; trifling as is the part she took great pains with it. S evera l of the scenes were new on this occasion. Mr. Macready was called for at the close of the play. When will this absurd custom be abolished ? The laughable farce of " The Happiest Day of my Life" sent the audience home not exactly " weeping to their beds." Mrs. Clarke and Baker played inimitably. Miss Honner and Mrs. Barton did the bride and bridesmaid with great sprightliness. Previous to the farce Mr. Aldridge, jun. s waltzes, Les Herauts, were performed. The house was well attended. Last night, " Werner" was splendidly represented ; and the theatre was filled in every part by a fashionable audience. Letters fro= all parts of the continent represent the stehi. lag 'rope an the hut over aau. CORRESPONDENCE ON THE PRESENT POSITION OF OUR WEST INDIA COLONIES, AND THE BEST MEANS OF RESTORING THEIR PROSPERITY LETTER 111. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD In our two previous letters we endeavoured to draw atten tion to the very critical situation of the West Indies, at present " in the throes of a mighty moral convulsion" ; to show the extreme jeopardy in which their prosperity—and, through that, the grand experiment of partial, and splendid hopes of general emancipation—now stands ; we attempted to trace the causes that have led to the present unpromising aspect of West Indian a ff a i rs , and to suggest what we con sider the only real remedy for them, and collaterally for the evils which affect the negio race throughout the world. In our present communication we shall confine ourselves to the correction of what we believe some general misconceptions in reference to the subject, and to a brief summary of the leading points on which we have touched in the course of thse observations. The physical capabilities of the West Indies are, we think, ♦ery generally underrated. An impression is abroad that their extent and resources are limited to a few small, but fruitful islands; whereas the colony of British Guiana alone contains 100,000 square miles of the richest alluvial soil, capable of supporting 40,000,000 of human beings—without mentioning the fertile islands of Jamaica, Trinidad, &c. ; all of which, if properly supplied with the labour which the surplus population of other tropical countries can with bene fit to themselves so well afford them, are capable not only of rendering this country independent of the supplies of every species of slave-grown produce, but even of underselling, and consequently to a great degree supplanting, the slave-owner in the markets of the continental nations. In the recent discussion in parliament on the sugar-duty question, by the advocates for the reduction of duty on foreign sugars much stress was laid on the fact, that we continued to use without compunction all the other productions of slave labour, while we repudiated the idea of slave-grown sugar; but although we be as yet necessarily dependent on the slave states for our cotton, tobacco, and other commodities, there is abun dant evidence to prove that our own colonies, with proper encouragement, would enable us to dispense with the staple product of the United States, and be in a condition to ex clude all slave-grown produce. Then, and not till then, will it be shown beyond the reach of cavil, that our expenditure of £20,000,000 has not been in vain, but that its happy fruits are commensurate with the noble and disinterested motives which prompted it. British Guiana, between the rivers Caurantyn and Pomeroon, possesses a sea-coast of 250 miles in extent, and, along the banks of those and the other prin cipal rivers, many extensive tracts, which, under the Dutch government, were in a high state of cotton cultivation, and which, though now covered with the luxuriant vegetation of the tropics, are still capable of being easily reclaimed, and of producing as much of the finer descriptions of cotton as would, along with the coarser qualities of India now rapidly increasing in extent and quality, render us independent of even the United States in the production of this indispensa ble article. The rise of that country itself, almost unprecedented in the history of the world, is a striking instance of the mighty effects of emigration on an extensive scale, the surplus ac cruing to her from that source alone having of late been from 40,000 to 50,000 a-year. while England has been actu ally passing laws to prevent free immigration into her own splendid colonies. But not only with labourers, but also with the sinews of industry—with capital—has she been year after year with unsparing hand supplying the constantly increasing demand of that insatiable country, to such a de gree that by its operation she has frequently paralysed her own commerce and manufactures ; while not one shilling can be raised on the security of any British colony, for want of confidence in the policy which she continues to pursue towards them : in none so strikingly apparent as those of the West Indies. There are not finer countries in the world for the investment of capital than Guiana, Trinidad, Jamaica, or Grenada ; but not a bond of either of these colonies would command a farthing on the stock exchange : while Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Chili, and Brazils have been able to draw vast sums from this country, to carry on their internal improvements and develop their resources. Even the insignificant state of New Grenada, adjoining to British Guiana, but not near so valuable, nor so prodnctive, nor so extensive, has succeeded in extracting eleven or twelve millions of money from this country for mining and other purposes. From these startling facts we must surely arrive at the conviction, that " there is some thing rotten in the state of Denmark"—that our West Indian Colonies at least have not felt the influence of that fostering care which can alone render them productive dependencies of our empire. Is there in the history of nations any stronger proof of er roneous policy than may be decuced from the following brief summary of our efforts, and their results, in the great cause of negro emancipation and enlightenment ? Since the year 1808, when our crusade against the slave trade commenced, we have expended 40 millions of money in trying to put a stop to it—with this result, that its victims have increased three fold, and its horrors been stained with a ten-fold deeper dye: we have paid 20 millions, and jeopardised 100 millions more of British capital invested in buildings, machinery, stock, stores, and cultivation, in order to accomplish free labour— with this result, that these colonies are going fast to decay, our free labour experiment is likely to prove a failure, and our colonists, to escape utter ruin, must remove with what they can save of their capital to other countries, and turn slave-owners, to furnish the commodities which they have found themselves unable to produce under British govern ment. Nor is this all ; the consequences will not be confined to this country nor to those who own its sway, for if our grand experiment fails, it will be a beacon for other nations to avoid, and put the question of general emancipation throughout the world entirely beyond the reach of probability. Such are the results—and they are trot a whit too highly coloured—to which the present course of events is leading us. Such are the fatal results which must ensue if the experiment of free labour be unsuccessful ; and yet effects quite as cheering as these are disastrous, would as infallibly be produced by carrying out the line of operations which we have endeavoured to trace. We cannot better conclude our observations on this sub ject which have already run to unexpected length, than in the words of an eluquent and powerful writer, to whom we have already been more than once indebted :—" By vigorously pursuing these measures, England would establish a great and free community of the negro blood—would afford the first example of negro civilization—would cause the current of the destiny of the race to flow for the first time in the channel of improvement. She would sap the foundations of negro slavery in America, which not only resists all her efforts to overturn it by storm, but seems to gain strength from every violent assault upon it. She would put down the African slave trade by ruining it. She would open to the African, suffering in his own land, the way to peace, to wealth, to mental culture, to moral advancement, to the dignity of free dom and knowledge. She would point to her negro empire in the west, and say to the nations which yet cling to negro slavery :—behold the complete success of my generous policy ! And if her own necessities cave importance to less noble con siderations, she mi g h t s till con gratulate herself on a vast ex tension of ier colonial markets. "What a contrast with the present state of the West In dies, and with the actual prospects of the negro race every where ! And yet the happier picture might be realised by a tithe of the pains that is bestowed on schemes in relation to this subject, which result one after the other in conspicuous failure." M. SIR JOSHUA WALMSLEY, LATE MAYOR, FU TURE REPRESENTATIVE OF LIVERPOOL. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. beg respectfully to state my candid opinion of the qualifications of the above-named gentleman for the honour of representing this town in parliament. Though an humble individual, I have not the less interests and opinions conformable ; and, indeed, we hear in writing and in speeches of so many like myself, that we may almost be said to be the majority at least of those who seek to be conspicuous as Sir Joshua does, and if he is not a humble in dividual now, it is, I think, certain that he would speedily become so if returned to parliament : therefore, I and such as I are especially bound to promote his interest by every means in our power. I shall beg, then, to advance, in the first place, that I think, nay am almost confident, that Sir Joshua Walmsley, Knt., is between forty and fifty years of age ; and although men are certainly returned to parliament without much considera tion of their age, yet when we can ascertain it with correct ness, it is always an argument more or less to the advantage of a gentleman's pretensions. We get the individuality of the man more distinctly before us, and this will not be neg lected by a judicious advocate, at least, until he can find something more to the purpose to say. Sir Joshua Walmsley, rit , between forty and fifty years of age, has doubtles s opinions.; I hope and trust he has. It is a great point when w e can get men with opinions to repre sent us. I do not mean right opinions, neither do I mean wrong opinions. I mean opinions neither right nor wrong, year, like her Majesty's mi n i sters. We saw, last the head of her Majesty s governm en t i n t h e H ouse of Lor d s pronounce pronouncee it madness to entertain such an alteration of the corn-laws, as, this year, the representative of the same government, in the other house, de c l ares to b e the sole measure that can save the country, &c., &c. It is plain, therefore, that for right use at present a man's opinions should be of this sort — that is to say, neither right nor wrong. If I am asked how I know that Sir Joshua Walmsley's opinions are neither right nor wrong, I answer that indeed I do not know anything at all upon the subject, nor do I know whether he himself knows more than I do, though he may probably guess ; but I submit that it is reasonable to conjec ture or infer upon a matter of so much importance, that a man of a liberal way of thinking (that I think is Sir Joshua's profession—his trade is that of a corn-factor) will entertain, or does intend to entertain, or believes that he does entertain, opinions conformable to the spirit of liberality, which, the wider it extends itself, the less distinction it sees between one thing and another, as we see admirably illustrated in the whole conduct of the present government, the great government of liberality, par excellence. On the important questions of a religious or politico-reli gious kind which now occupy so much attention, I am fear ful, as a sincere friend of Sir Joshua Walmsley, to say any. thing that may commit him. The earnestness of an enthu siastic friend may sometimes approach the verge of indiscre tion. Unquestionably he will often have had opportunity and inducement to turn these subjects in his mind at his stand in the Corn-market. The place is suggestive of such contemplation, for in one great topic of a religio-political sort, the greatest, or the one oftenest before the public and parliament—that, I mean, perpetually agitated by Mr. O'Connell—the question is clearly one of bread to him. As to religion considered otherwise than in its relation to politics, I think all must be sati s fi e d w i t h Si r J os h ua. I myself witnessed his attendance once at church, after his election as mayor. Although all eyes were on hi m , I am not aware he was detected in the least indecorum—not even that the most common of dropping an eyelid, but was as wide awake as he is sure to be found to every turn o f t h e averages. As a townsman all will admit that his pretensions are pe culiar. To have what we commonly call a standing in the place, is one of the first things we seem to require in a can didate for our votes from among ourselves. He has two — one literal, mechanical, wooden, which need only be men tioned ; the other a moral or social standing. To have been long known and talk ed of b y all, from th e highest to the lowest, until the very name, as of Bolton, Gladstone, Ros coe, Leyland, &c., &c., becomes familiar to us as our own household words —this is what we mean when we speak of standing in the social sense. In this sense, who can claim our suffrages more confidently than this present head of a family so long highly established in Li verpoo l , t h e junior of the firm of Booth and Walmsley, corn•nierchants, nearly opposite the Corn Exchange, Brunswick-street ! I venture to assert, without fear of contradiction, that there is not an individual who frequents the Corn -market regularly for the purpose of business, who does not know Sir Joshua Walrus ley when he sees him. Such men, so distinguished by sta tion, are sure to h av e had opp or t un i t i es. and to have im proved them, of b en efiting the tow n i n i ts h onour or its in. terests, and to have laid the inhabitants under lasting obli gations by such services. It is not otherwise in the instance before us. I myself heard a pe rson o f credit say, on the authority of others, that Sir Joshua Walrnsley, then Joshua Walmsley, Esquire, being mayor, would, for the honour of the town, have consented to be made a baronet in place of a simple knight; and when he was plain Joshua Walmsley of Brunswick-street, before the dignities and desires of these days, which be so worthily wears, cam e upon hi m, he was deemed by many elear-judging persons, no way partial to him, to be a very likely man for churchwarden. He speaks with much propriety. No one who has heard him, as I have, with that expressive manner, like the marked c h a rgo or of kit 00 11 ntnaliter biro his ireasonser u actor for a t.a.kettle, which no ironmonger of the least apprehen sion could possibly mistake for an order for smoothing irons, --no one, I say, could fail (thinking of his present preten sions) to imagine the impression he would make on the House of Commons. His qualities, in short, will bear the minutest examina tion, for they lie in a nutshell ; and I shall conclude this imperfect eulogy in words which have been used on a less worthy occasion. If Sir Joshua Walmsley, Knight, be re turned to parliament a representative for Liverpool, it will be an event the recollection or tradition of which will gladden men's memories when the names of Canning and Huskisson are forgotten ;—not till then. I am, sir, your obedient servant, Liverpoq, 1:1 June, 1841. NOGO. --.29.- TO EDWARD RUSHTON, ESQ., STIPENDIARY MAGISTRATE Workhouse, June 3d, 1841. conceive that no apology is demanded from me in addressing you thus publicly on the recent cause brought under your judical cognizance from this establishment, so that I shall at once enter upon the subject. I say, then, that your decision was extraordinary, and that the treatment I received on that occasion at your hands was most uneour teous. What are the facts of the case? An abandoned female is brought before the magistrate, charged with an attempt at committing suicide by drowning, and it being proved that she has been leading a dissolute life, the bench very humanely recommended her for admission into the Penitentiary, where, for want of room, she could not at pre sent be received, but was sent by the matron of that institu tion to this establishment as a mere temporary asylum. Having remained here three days, and where every possible care was taken by the governor for her comfort, she became impatient of controul, and in order to effect her liberation, broke the window of the apartment where she was fixed : for this offence she was sent to Bridewell, and subsequently brought before you. Then, and for the first time, it appears that a certificate of insanity had been lodged with you against her. Yet, on the very face of that document, she is recom mended to the Penitentiary. How is this? I s the Peniten tiary converted into a lunatic asylum ? Now, sir, with regard to the treatment which I, as a professional man, received from you, I have just cause to complain. A certifi cate of sanity in this case was furnished by me, and treated by you as a worthless document, because you held a previous one of " temporary insanity." lam not pinned to the sleeve of any professional man, but I will just state, that one of the honorary physicians of this institution saw the case, and that his opinion coincided with my own. I was, however, prevented in a court of justice from giving evidence on the case, and affording information derived from most authentic sources as to the girl's previous character., which would have disabused your mind, and have completely altered the entire feature of the whole affair. But no; the case was summarily and angrily dismissed, with a severe and, to my mind, an unmerited reprimand to the officer whom the governor de puted to conduct this unpleasant affair. Thus, on an exparte statement, a decision is arrived at. and the salutary maxim, "Audi alterani partem," treated as a dead letter.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, BRE BETON NIG HTINGALL, For eighteen years Surgeon to this Institution, and Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London. THE MINISTRY TO THE LANDOWNERS AND LABOURING PEOPLE OF ENGLAND, AND TO ALL CLASSES OF THE OPERA TIVE TRADES PEOPLE WHO ARE DESIROUS OF PRO TECTING THEIR PRESENT RATES OF WAGES, DEFENDING THEMSELVES FROM THE FURTHER INVASION OF THEIR RIGHTS AS A BODY, AS IN DIVIDUALS, AND AS A NATION Mr FRIENDS,—There is no time to be lost in coming to a final conclusion on the great and important point now under discussion in the Commons, and which is introduced for the destruction of your joint and separate interests as a people, as a class or classes, and finally as a nation ; but the power avert to the ruin which is to attend these proceedings lies in your own hands. We have two contending parties, the Conservatives and the Destructives. For the Conserva tives I will say as little as I possibly can ; a comparison of the two parties will show directly who are the protectors of the people's rights and who are the assailants. If the O'Con nell party ever intended any thing for our general good, why would they at first setting out provide, on such an extensive scale, workhouses for the people, such a plan of relief amongst a then independent, Protestant population ? They must have premeditated a general ruin, which would be a cause for the existence of such prisons; they must have intended a certain line of policy which would have the effect of a general de crease of our business and our prosperity. The falling state of the country is a proof of it. And as for the general bene fits which we were promised from a Whig-Radical and O'Connell administration, we see the nature of these benefits clearer when we come to compare them with the Conserva tive administration ; we see the Conservatives have done their duty to their country, whilst the Radicals have played the game so well, that we find a great national deficiency which we must all contribute to, until made good. Now, as there are two sects of people, independent of Papists, who have power to remedy these evils and prevent this sort of O'Connell sport, I would request the attention of both to those two parties, the Conservatives of England and the Radicals. These two sorts are people who want political qualification in a member of parliament without any refer ence to religious principles ; even such a man as this cannot find any thing in the Whig-Radical to merit his support, but directly the reverse ; and the man who would require both these virtues amongst the Whig-Radical party, they are found to be enemies to the country and enemies to our church ; and no one can give an instance of any thing under colour of our good proposed by them until the end of many years ruin on the country when they are called to resign, and then they will give us cheap bread and cheap sugar. The cheap bread being accompanied with the destruction of the highest interests of Englishmen, and if this system should operate for the reduction of rents of land and houses, and the reduction of employment, how does Lord Melbourne intend to meet another and a new kind of deficiency which must take place in the financial department by means of the said reduction of the value of property in general ? This must be considered as another great evil arising out of the great evil of corn-law repeal, as the poor-law dungeons are a great evil, made necessary to remedy the evil of the ruin which was anticipated previous to the building of the workhouses for the people, and all these evils spring from the same source, Whig-Radical administration. But the Radical O'Connell party cannot be for the good of Englishmen— quite impossible. See his words to the inhabitants of Dublin several years ago : We will have no police here ' • we will raise the Irish volunteers, who will do the duty of the national guards; we will have no English fellows to govern us—we will govern our own country, and defend it against the com mon enemy. Will you not all be volunteers? Voices : "we will, we will." We will drive the Sasenach (the Englishman or Protestant) from our land ; we will not have it defiled by such reptiles ! These are every one identical words used by O'Connell himself to the people of Dublin. And he was as good as his word ; he did raise an Irish volunteer move ment, to the amount of some hundreds of thousands, whose operations made it dangerous to the lives of Protestants to remain in the country, and it required no small degree of power, on the part of the English government, to suppress them. But does he come over to Englishmen with such language? No; he uses very different weapons in his war fare from those used against us at Wexford in 1798, at Derry, or at the Boyne. He finds it won't do here, and therefore he conies to you with sweet words, "cheap bread and sugar." If O'Connell thinks cheap bread a good thing, let the Irish have cheap bread for a trial, but without any benefit from our English markets, except as usual. Let the Irish have foreign corn cheap until their ports are full, and see how they will take it; and if it is not for their benefit, it cannot be for yours. But I will advocate cheap bread if it is all English or Irish produce, giving the reward for labour to our own men, and keeping the workhouses empty. And any man that wants further proof of Whig-Radical treachery, let him look at the system of religion they advocate—popery, tran substantiation, purgatory, idolatry and cheap remission of sins, paid for according to our means, their priests professing to absolve all sinners without any ceremony but the cash. As to transubstantiation, our Saviour has said, " Verily I say unto you, ye shall not see me hence," &c. They say we can see him and handle him every day. The other absurdi ties of their church will appear on comparison with the Scriptures. And because we are protesters against these innovations on God's church, we lose the name of Catholic, which Rome retains. The name of Catholic is strong enough to keep the unlearned man stedfast in their superstitious belief. Look at their i , stitutions, the nunneries. No man of principle would vote for the Whigs, who extort an income from our pocket to support such places, whose burden on the people could not be endured in a popish country, Spain, as appears by the revolt which scattered the popish inquisi tion courts. In fact, the world may laugh at Englishmen if they reject their own friends, and vote for those who are bound in allegiance to a foreign enemy, the Pope, whose war is carried into our very camp. Therefore, the Whig-Radical ministry being found to betray the interests of every man, both as regards politics and religion, and both separately and conjointly, and the English Conservatives found the friends of the people, and of the nation generally ; and as regards both politics and religion, any man who will not reject the former and support the latter, must be declared an enemy to his country, to himself, his family, and above all, to his God.—l remain, dear Sir, A DEFENDER OF THE CHURCH AND THRONE OF ENGLAND. Fresco!, 31st May, 1841. The Cheshire Cavalry, 600 strong, under the command of Colonel Egerton, are expected to arrive in this town to morrow, for permanent duty, GRAND WRESTLING MATCH AT TOXTETH-PARK.--WD are obliged to postpone our account of these interesting sports until Tuesday. COVENT-GARDEN MARKET, SATURDAY. — Every week adds to the profuseness of the supply of every description of summer fruits and vegetables, which are also much improved in quality, from the continuance of fine and genial weather. Trade has also been brisk during the week, and prices have been moderate. Every description of forced fruit is of very good quality—Providence, Emrille, and Queen pine apples being from Gs. to 10s. per lb • hot-house grapes 4s. to 8. En glish melons ss. to 10s. each and peachettes and nectarines 20s. to 30s. per dozen ; strawberries continue abundant, and there have been some in the market during the week grown in the open air. Cherries are plentiful at ss. to 12s. per lb., and are now to be seen in many of the shops. Green gooseberries were in abundant supply, at 4s. per sieve, although this fruit has been very much affected by the blight ; green currants were 3s. per half sieve ; and apri cots 6d. per quart. Peas from Kent, were plentiful and of good quality, at 4s. to ss. per currant sieve, and shelled 3s. per quart. The supply this season promises to be very abundant. There was a continued good supply of asparagus at 3s. to ss. per bundle ; and cauliflowers were very good at 2s. to 6s. per dozen. Forced French beans were 2s. per hundred ; and new frame potatoes, 6d. to ls. per lb. ; tur nips were 4s. to Gs. per dozen bunches ; cos lettuces, 9d. to ls. 6d. per score ; onions, ss. per sieve; spinach, 9d per sieve ; cabbages, 9d. to Is. per dozen ; and new carrots, Bd. per bunch. The great variety of flowers now makes the garden a rich and pleasing parade, and amongst the most in teresting new plants were some kalmais azalias, clianthuses, acacias saponarias, &c. - - MELANCHOLY AND FATAL ACCIDENT. -011 Saturday last, Charles Foster, Esq., fourth son of Baron Foster, was to have accompanied the baron and family from their resi dence, Rathescar, in the county Louth, to Dublin, but as he was to proceed on horseback, and the day being extremely wet, he deferred hi s journey till the following Monday. In the course of the morning of that day, he and Mr. Arthur Foster, went out in a small boat, on the lake of Colton, in the domain of Lord Ferrard. They had been but a short time on the water when, owing, it is supposed, to some in advertence in rowing, the boat upset, and both parties were precipitated in twenty feet of water. A gamekeeper of Lord Ferrard's, with Mr. Delapp, son-in-law of that noble man, happened to be on the bank of the lake at the time, and witnessed the melancholy accident. Mr. Delapp, an excel lent swimmer, instantly plunged into the water, and quickly, reached the fatal spot, where he caught a glimpse of Mr. Arthur Foster in the act of disappearing beneath thee surface after a short but severe struggle for life. He sucded in catching hold of him, a nd rescuing him, in a state of the ut most exhaustion, and almost total insensibility, from his perilous situation, but his ill-fated companion had sunk into a watery tomb. Mr. Delapp dived repeatedly, to try at least to recover the body, but without success ; and although every possible exertion was made for the same purpose down to three o'clock in the afternoon, the resnaius vrere net Cs. eorere4,—Dnblin Siewsan. DISIIONESTY OP THE WHIG RADICALS LIKE MASTER LIKE MAN (From the Chester Courant.) So Mr. Rlostyn and the Chronicle are again at their dirty work—again brandishing their electioneering weapons, which, as on a former occasion, will end only in covering themselves with shame—again are they committing a gross breach of confidence for the paltry advantage of a very questionable momentary triumph over a political adversary. It cannot be forgotten in Flintshire, and if it had, the Chronicle has, under the infliction of the madness which is said to precede destruction, (" quern Deus vult perdere, prius denze;ilat," ) brought it to the recollection of its readers, that on the eve of the last election, Sir Stephen Glynne, then member for the boroughs, which are unhappily under the dominion of the Mostyn family, well knowing, as the result proved, the county to be tired of their politics and political domination, wrote a private and confidential letter to Mr. Mostyn, then for the last time member for the county, proposing for the sake of the peace and harmony of society to forego the post of honour, of which he has since been the ornament, and to continue in the secondary post of member for the boroughs, if such an arrangement could be bona fide made; but alas for the political virtue and honour of the Nlostynites, the letter was found in print in Wales nearly as soon as Sir Stephen became acquainted with the circumstance in Lon don ; and the result was then, as it will be now, to justify the adage that " honesty is the best policy," experience does not teach, in certain cases, where much virtue is attributed to it, or we should not now have to record a similar instance of the absence of high and honourable principles, and al though the act may have been perpetrated by an intervening party, we must not forget the sound legal maxim, " qui facia l per alium facit per se, and we cannot conceive the ro sition being at all more enviable from its close connexion with the editor of the Chester Chronicle. Now for the plain unvarnished tale :—Sir Stephen acting upon the sound religious principles with which he is known to be deeply imbued, though evidently with some misappre hension as to the full bearings of the case, gave instructions that an unauthorised religious service, usually performed in an unlicensed cottage of his at Broughton, then for the first time brought to his knowledge, should be discontinued, and although, as was likely from the fact of a mischievous sect, disapproved of alike by churchmen and dissenters, having lately crept into the parish, he did not immediately adopt the representation of the minister who has usually performed the service in that cottage ; yet his Letter No. IV., which we have extracted from the Chronicle, proves that on a tho rough investigation of both sides the question he did so, and the parties became perfectly satisfied with his decision and motives ;—so much so, that the resident members of the Methodist New Connexion had been placed provisionally in the hands of the editor of the Chronicle, immediately pre pared and signed a memorial deprecating and disclaiming the publication of the correspondence. backed by a letter from their minister, (who had prematurely given up the early part of the correspondence to the Chronicle), expressive of his satisfaction, and declaring that justice and honour to Sir Stephen required that the matter should proceed no further; and they even sent one of their own body express to London, where the editor then was, in the hope that nothing further might be done to interrupt the constant harmony, kindness, and affection, which had become proverbial between the Glynne family and their numerous and happy tenantry. But, no. The request to have their own property re turned to them did not suit the political honesty of the Mos tynites and the Chronicle—the clap-trap was too good to be parted with, and the personal and religious interests of a large body of poor well-disposed dissenters were to be sacrificed, that Mr. Mostyn might have some slight chance of gaining the next election. Nay, will our readers believe it, the pub lication of their protest and their minister's letter was posi tively refused them, with only the poor consolation of a re mark in the " Notice to Correspondents," that they were under consideration ;—and yet will Mr. Mostyn coquet with the dissenters, after it is thus clearly shown that their inte rests have been most shamefully sacrificed to his own. We will, therefore, give them one word of advice on the subject ; for, after all, an open and generous opposition is better than an insidious interested friendship, which has failed to stand the test of one single trial. Trust not the Mostynites. The bird which has ruffled and destroyed its own nest, is not the one to be admitted into yours; and have they (the Mostynites) not lost the confidence and esteem of nearly all the ministers of their own creed, by their open alli ance with the political emissaries of Popery, with all its abo minations, and, above all, its intolerance, although they would fain creep into your confidence, under the hollow pre text of being, par excellence, the friends of toleration and dissent: If they are not true to the maintenance of the principles of their own church, they cannot be true to you. Therefore, again we say, trust not the Mostynites. Since writing the above it has come to our knowledge, and we merely allude to it as a singular coincidence, that Lord Mostyn was in Chester, and in communication with some of the parties who had the custody of Sir Stephen's correspon dence with Mr. Bakeweil, on the very day on which they were put in type by the Chronicle, from which our readers will doubtless draw their own conclusions; and we are happy to have it in our power to assure our conservative friends, on positive authority, (in answer to the impudent insinuations of the Chronicle), that Sir Stephen Glynne will again solicit the suffrages of his constituents at the ensuing election. [lv.] London, May 17, 1641. _ SIR,— . I have to acknowledge the receip't of ;our letter of the 11th. The views which we take respectively of the na ture and also of the historical basis of the church are so diffe rent, as to render it, I fear, wholly unavailing for me to dis s.buse your mind of the impressions with which you seem to regard my conduct in the matter of the meeting upon my estate. For instance, you believe that the church is herself a sect, and that she separated from the church of Rome. I believe her to be the institution founded in this country by the ori ginal preachers of Christianity, and that she never separated herself from any other church, but simply repudiated by an authority properly belonging to her, an usurped authority of the pope. But it is not my intention to enter further into any theological discussicn. I feel, however, that my tenants, and especially my poorer tenants, have a right to expect of me that in a matter thus affecting conscience, 1 should do nothing with precipitancy, and 1 agree with you in preferring the method of persuasion to any which bears even the appearance of force. I have communicated my intentions to my agent accordingly, who will, upon your expressing a desire to that effect, make you acquainted with them.—l am, sir, faithfully yours, STIPHICH . R. GLYNNI Rev. John Bakewell, Lower Bridge-street, Chester, MANCHESTER RACES These races commenced on Wednesday last, under cir cumstances not the most promising. The attendance of influential gentlemen of the turf was unusually thin, but the crowds of operatives from the factories were considerable. The course was hard and dusty, and, what with the heat of the weather, the blinding dust, and the delay between the different races, a more uncomfortable day we never passed on a race-course. The stewards, who were not named until the morning of the races, were John Entwistle and R. P. Willock, Esqrs. The following is a return of the first day's sport : The WILTON STAKES did not fill. A FREE HANDICAP STAKES of 10 sous. each, with 30 soya added, for four-year-olds. One mile and a quarter. (14 subs.) 6 12 Mr. Richardson's ch. c. Kingston Robin.. (Francis) 1 6 5 Mr. Allen's b. f. Moleskin, by The Mole 2 7 3 Mr. Bower's ch. f. Lady Grove 7 7 Mr. Graydon's ch. f. Miss Heathcote. 6 12 Mr. Stephenson's br. f. Martha Lynn 6 5 Mr. Hutchinson's ch. f. Maria Monk. 0 8 paid forfeit. Betting—Even on the winner against the field, 3 to 1 agst Lady Grove, 4 to 1 agst Miss Heathcote. SWEEPSTAKES of 15 soya. each, 10 soya. ft. with 20 sovs. added; three-year-olds fillies, Bst. 31b.—One mile and a quarter. Mr. Bell's b. f. Mary O'Moore (Heseltine) I Mr. Bower's b. f. Collina, by Langar 2 Betting-10 to 4 against the winner. HER 111AJESTY'S PLATE of 100 gs. for three•year-olds and upwards ; three-year olds, 7st. 21b. ; four, Ost. 21b. ; five, lOst. ; six and aged, lOst. 51b.—Three miles and a dis tance. Mr. Mitchell's b. f. Lady Liverpool, 4 yrs.. Mr. Worthington's b. h. Northenden, 6 yrs Mr. Graydon's br. h. Roscius, 5 yrs Mr. Barrow's b. m. Catherina, aged M. J. Osboane's ch. g. The Emperor, 3 yrs Mr. Speed's b. c. Rough Robin, 4 yrs Capt. Witham's bl. g. Lartington, aged Betting -5 to 2 and 3to 1 agst. Roscius, 3to 1 agst. Em peror, 3 to 1 agst. Lady Liverpool, 4 to 1 agst. Northenden, sto 1 agst. Catherina, sto 1 agst. Lartington. A good and fast run race. (Heseltine) 1 9 On Tuesday, at Covent Garden Market, there was a plen tiful supply of green peas, at Is. 6d. per peck, and by the afternoon they were common at most of the shops in the me tropolis. Cherries were retailed at Is. per lb., and straw berries were very abundant at Is. 6d. per pottle. E.roN MONTEM—" SALT."—The amount of " salt" col lected at the Montem on Tuesday last was not finally ascer tained until Wednesday morning. The collection has ex ceeded that of any former year. The sum received by the salt bearers and servitors, up to Tuesday evening, amounted to between £1,240 and £1,250, and when the " odds and ends" were brought together on Wednesday morning, the gross amount approached very nearly to £1,300. The ex penses of the Captain for the day will amount to about half that sum. At the three preceding Montema, the " salt" collected was as follows : £ a. d. 1832. Williams, Captain. 1835. Money, Captain... 1838. Williams, Captain. 893 0 0 1,006 14 0 1,186 13 0 The visiters by the railroad very materially contributed to add to the funds in 1838 and this year. STRATHBOGIE.—INTIMATION OF THE SENTENCE OF THE SEVEN MINISTERS.-Thr ministers appointed by the General Assembly to intimate the sentence of deposition against the seven suspended ministers of Strathbogie, re• turned to town yesterday afternoon. In every case the in terdict granted to the Court of Session on Saturday arrived too late. At every churchyard gate, within the bounds of that presbytery, the sentence was read, and thereafter posted by the agents of the assembly ; and it was not until the after part of the Sabbath, a day on which it is illegal to serve such instruments, that, at the instance of these maintainers of the law, the said interdicts were served. In the case of three of the Assembly's ministers, whose names were unknown to the messengers-at-arms, blank interdicts alone were served. —The Witness, Edinburgh paper. CHASE OF DOGS ON THE TAFF VALE RAILWAY.—On Wednesday last, as the 11 o'clock train was proceeding to Cardiff from Merthyr, on nearing Newbridge a fine grey hound and a terrier were observed by some of the passengers running at the top of their speed between the rails, a few yards in advance of the train. After running some 500 or 600 yards, they crossed the left rail, and, still side by side, continued the race, evidently in great terror—the terrier, singular to relate, being about a head in advance of the grey hound. The train was going at a fast rate, and the little dis tance between the dogs and the engine rapidly diminishing, when the engineer attempted ineffectually to drive them off the road by throwing large pieces of coke at them. The poor creatures, however, seemed fascinated, and whilst the wr it er of this paragraph (a passenger, feeling assured that both would be killed) was anxiously awaiting the issue, he sud denly lost sight of the terrier, whilst the greyhound, being passed by the engine, crouched down on the road with tongue extended, evidently all but exhausted. The wr it er ' s conjec ture a 3 to their fate was partly verified, for on looking back he beheld the poor terrier extended between the rails, with his head cut completely open, and his more fortunate compan i on, on the ground, standing over him.—Hereford Times HB.—Sir Robert Peel's speech during the late debate has furnished HB. with a new subject. Th e Ch ancellor of the , Exchequer is represented sitting like patience, in a punt, upon an empty chest, angling i n th e " Tory preserve " in expectation of a bite. A not a bl e fi s h , with a head re; em bling that of Sir Robert himself, is sportively avoiding the bait, while John Bull stands by warning off all poachers. The hopeless condition of the ministers (pro tern.) is also pungently set forth in a version of one of Pinelli's etchings, descriptive of the endeavour to recal Cincinnatus from his Sabine farm to clas sicalresume the care s o f governmen t. The agriculturist is represented by Lord Spencer, and the supplicants by Lords Melbourne, John Russell. Lansdowne , Normanby, &c. Th e li kenesses of the latter are exce llent , as well as thei r a tti tu d e. Cineiattatne himself i s s i tsk ri. istieally impersonated by tke Weble Prim'ad eld cultural hie*. The punsters say that as ministers find Nur eptidtatr vitt not make them stick in their places any longer, they are now going to try Corn plaster. Mr. Penny, the publisher of the Weekly Chronicle news paper, was drowned on Monday night off Chelsea, by the boat in which he was rowing, coming in contact with a barge. He was trying to extricate himself, when the boat unset, and he lost his life. Another gentleman who was in the boat was saved by clinging to the barge. A reward is offered for the finding of the body. DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT.—We learn from the best authority that tha dissolution of parliament will take place about the 12th of this month. The proclamation is ready, and only watts the Queen's signature. The new parliament is to meet on the 4tq August. We trust that the conserva tivos in this district will be fully on the alert, but the remark is almost unecessary, for , the very best spirit prevails all through the county.—Hereford Journal. NEW STEAM COMMUNICATION TO DIEPPE AND HAST INGS.—It is understood the railroad company intend to rum a steamer from Brighton to Dieppe. Hitherto the steam navigation company have been allowed a monopoly by the pier company, who, until now, have given them the exclusive right of landing passengers at the pier-head. A steamer will also run from Brighton to Hastings, thus forming a very agreeable means of communication between these fashionable watering-places. BEST DESCRIPTION Or SHADE. — Witbin these few years past, screens and shades against the light have come much into vogue for weak eyes ; but I may observe that such arti ficial defences are only serriceableand proper for those whose eyes are very prominent, and who have scanty eyelashes and eyebrows. To such as, from this cause, need some protec tion for their eyes, a green silk shade is the simplest as well as the best contrivance that can be used.—Curtis on the Preservation of the Sight. The foundation stone of the Oxford Memorial, comme morative of the martyrs, Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, was laid on Wednesday last, by the Rev. Dr. Plumptre Master of University College, chairman of the committee of ma nagement. After an eloquent address by the Rev. Vaughan Thomas, the ceremony concluded with a suitable prayer by the Rev. Chairman, and the singing of the 100th psalm, by the children of the parish school of St. Mary Magdalen. HEREFORD CATHEDRAL.—IR carrying on the improve ments and restoration, which have been some time on foot in Hereford Cathedral. the architect has just discovered that the tower, with its immense superincumbent weight, is in imminent danger of falling, and crushing the mighty fabric in one general ruin. Large fissures in the masonry, in some places two feet deep and across the solid stones themselves, are apparent ; and it is a most providential circumstance that the discovery has been made previously to any further pres sure upon the failing parts by the alterations in progress, which, it is said, must have occasioned the total destruction of the magnificent tower, together with the choir, the tran septs, and the eastern portion of the nave. 'When, or tinier what circumstances, so awful a catastrophe would have oc curred, of course not even those best acquainted with the subject could pretend to decide. THE ORIGIN OF SUNDAY SCHOOLS. — Whatever be the issue of the question, so far as Mr. Stock and Mr. Raikes are concerned, there is a town which can show that a Sunday school was established in it full fourteen years prior to the formation of the shool or schools at Gloucester. In the year 1769 a Sunday school was commenced by Miss Ball, at High Wycombe. She was a lady of great piety, and of rather un common earnestness in doing good. Her custom was to assemble as many as thirty or forty children en Sunday morning, to hear them read the scriptures and repeat the catechism and the collect, preparatory to going to church. A place is still pointed out in the remarkably fine church of High Wycombe, as having been occupied by the Sunday scholars of Miss Ball. An old servant, who when young was my nurse, was one of those scholars, and still lives, in conjunction with sundry individuals, to bear testimony to the facts which I have stated. In a " Memoir of Miss Hannah Ball," recently " revised by John Parker, Gent., and published by Mason, 14, City-road," it is further stated that " Miss Ball continued this school for many years; and also met the children every Monday, to instruct them in the principles of Christianity•—Rev. IV. H. Havergal, Rector of "Utley. THE WAY TO GET ON IN THE WORLD.---TO get on la this world, you must be content to be always stopping where you are ; to advance, you must be stationary ; to get up, you must keep down; following riches is like following wild geese, and you must crawl after both on your belly, the mi nute you pop up your head, off they go whistling down the wind, and you see no more of them ; if yew have not the art of sticking by nature. you must acquire it by art; put a cou ple of pounds of birdlime upon your office stool, and sit upon it ; get a chain round your leg, and tie yourself to your counter like a pair of shop scissors ; nail yourself up against the wall of your place of business, like a weasel on a barn door, or the sign of the spread eagle ; or what will do best of all, marry an honest poor girl without a penny, and my life for yours, if you do n't do business ! Never mind what your relations say about genius, talent, learning, pushing, enterprise, and such stuff, when they come advising you for your good, stick up to them for the loan of a sovereign, and if ever you see them on your side of the street again, skiver me and welcome ; but to do any good, I tell you over and over again, you must be a sticker. You may get fat upon a rock, if you never quit your hold of it !—Blackwood. FATE OF THE APOSTLES.-St. Matthew is supposed to have suffered martyrdom, or to have been slain with a sword, at a city in Ethiopia. St. Mark was dragged through the streets of Alexandria, in Egypt, until he expired. St Luke was hanged upon an olive tree, in Greece. St. John was put into a cauldron of boiling oil, at Rome, and escaped death. He afterwards died a natural death at Ephesus, in Asia. St. Peter was crucified at Rome with his head downwards, at his own request, thinking himself unworthy to die in the same posture as his beloved Master. St. James the Great was beheaded at Jerusalem. St James the Less was thrown from a pinnacle or wing of the Temple, and then beaten to death with a fuller's club. St. Philip was hanged up against a pillar at Hierapolis, a city of Phrsgia. St. Bartholomew was flayed alive by the command of a barbarous king. St. Andrew was bound to a cross, whence he preached to the people until he expired. St. Thomas was run through the body with a lance, at Coromandel, in the East Indies. St. Jude was shot to death with arrows. St. Simon was cruci fied in Persia. St. Matthias was first stoned, and then be headed. St. Barnabas was stoned to death by the Jews at Solonis. St. Paul was beheaded at Rome, by the tyrant Nero. HORRIBLE DEATH.—Pierre Bigot and Genevieve Pel, the former a locksmith and the latter a washerwoman, had cohabited together for the last two years, and lived in har mony, arising, alas ! from a certain congeniality of taste for idleness and strong liquors. Last Sunday, according to cus tom, they bad spent the day at the different wine shops at La Caistille, and returned in the evening to their domicile in a state of intoxication. Soon after their entering their room. their neighbours heard loud talking and quarrelling between them, and soon after, on looking in at their window, ob served the woman lying motionless on the floor, and the man sitting beside her on a chair lighting his pipe. About half an hour afterwards, a strong smell and a quantity of smoke proceeded from the room, which was soon afterwards enveloped in flames. A message was immediately despatched to the nearest station for assistance, and the firemen, arriv ing promptly, broke open the door, when the first thing which presented itself was the body of the unfortunate woman, her clothes in a blaze, and a blue flame also proceed ing from her mouth and nostrils. Pigot was sitting there an unconcerned spectator of what was going on, and when interrogated as to the cause of the accident, confessed that he had intentionally set her clothes on fire, to cure her of her propensity to drunkenness ! The flames from her mouth and nose proceeded from her breath, which was so strongly impregnated with alcohol as to immediately become in a state of combustion. The heartless ruffian was immediately taken into custody, and committed to prison, to take his trial for the murder. The death of the woman must have been instantaneous, as suffocation must have instantly se gued on the flame reaching her face.—Paris paper. SMOKELESS COMBUSTION OF COAL.—An invention rank ing wtih the most scientific and useful discoveries of the day, has lately been perfected by Charles Wye Williams, Esq., of Liverpool, a principal director of the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company, and the justly celebrated improver of the Shannon. Mr. Williams is the author of a work, "On the Combustion of Coals chemically considered," in which he has satisfactorily demonstrated the possibility of so com pletely consuming that fuel as to render the combustion smokeless. Everybody is convinced that smoke is a serious evil in more ways than one, but few are aware that is also a waste of material. Smoke, in the main, is composed of un consumed particles dislodged from the body of the fire, for want of a correct adjustment of the supply of common air, the presence of which, in exactly required quantities, and of a proper temparature and quality, is necessary in order to secure perfect, that is totsl, combustion. Unless this com bustion is perfect—that is to say, unless all the particles of fuel from which heat can be generated are consumed, some must escape, and what escapes is wasted in the shape of smoke. Although we are of opinion that no plan of warming rooms in houses is half so good (with some rare and very pe culiar exceptions) as that of the open fire-place in general ase, there can be no doubt that for manufacturing and other pur poses, where the object sought is the production of the greatest possible amount of heat from a given quantity of coal, it is the worst. The means employed to heat water in boilers, and for similar purposes, are all open, more or less, to the objection of defective construction on this plan. Until the appearance of the " patent improved furnace" invented by Mr. Williams, science had done but littletowards the establishment of prac tical means for economising coal to its utmost limit, by pointing out the way in which its combustion should be so effected on true chemical principles that the nuisance arising from smoke should be abolished, and the smoke itself turned to account. We have authority for stating that both these ends are secured by Mr. Williams' plan of furnace. In this furnace (we make use of the inventor's own words) the com plete combustion of coal, without the production of smoke, is effected by the peculiar mode in which atmospheric air is introduced to the combustible gases evolved from the coals, in strict conformity with the conditions required for the chemical union of these gases with the oxygen of the air. The great defect in ordinary furnaces consist in the admission of too much hair, and its introduction in an injudicious manner and in the wrong place. In effecting the combus tion of coal, with the view of producing the greatest heat, the conditions which demand attention are—The quantity of air required for the combustion of the gas ; the quantity required for the combustion of the carbon, or coked part of the coal, after the gas has been expelled ; the quality of the air so employed, particularly as regards the combustion of the gas ; the incorporation of the air and gas, and the time required for effecting the same ; the mode in which the mixing or incorporation of the air and the gas may be best effected ; and the place where the air may with the greatest effect be introduced. The mode in which the above objects and principles are reduced to practice in this patent furnace consist :—lst. In separating the required supply of air into two distinct portions; the one for the com bustion of the solid or carbonaceous matter resting on the bars : the other for the combustion of the gases or volatile portion at or beyond the bridge, 2d. Introducing the supply intended for the solid part of the coal, through the ash-pit, by such meads, or jets, as will distribute it uniformly along the entire under surface of the bars. 3d. Introducing the supply intended for the gases, by means of numerous small jets, so that each otom of air shall be enabled, immediately on its admission, to come into contact and be mingled with the due saturating portion of gas with which it can combine and enter into chemical union and combustion, thus avoiding the common mistake of allowing the required volume of air to enter through large apertures, by which the temperature is reduced before the admixture or diffusion of the gases can take place. 4th. Distributing such jets of air along the flan-A bed or flue, and diffusing the heat uniformly over alarger surface, expe r i ence h av i ng proved, that, where the nd ad mission of air i s con fined to any one plac e , a severe and unequal action of the flame is produced at at su ch a p b l u a l c g e ed ,a . nd s t t h h e adjoining plates are apt to be overheated . ries through sepa. los chemically rateln t r Introducing e e t s h e a a n i d r for adjustingthe abovethe t w q o u a p n u t r i bleregnlating doors, instead of th e re quired for each, by proof of the correct chemc p. this improved furnace , some ordinary, injudicious system of ri d n a e m ip p le e a rs n i n n w t h h i e eh flu th es e . oo. h i . bustion of coal is effected by highly flattering tes t i monials have been furnished to the in ventor by Professor .Brande, thisD nr.atUurree,rnaanycl bDere.nEnrseidtte,rewihnonse_ authority on a question o f We experience unbounded satisfaction in giv. meritorious inventions, their • when object is comprehensive and universally beneficial as is this of Mr. to soittuge s p t n i o b n l i a e b it l Williams's: and it is no little addition to the pleasure we feel on the present occasion, to be able to refer our readers for the practical working of his furnace to a large water-works establishment in Liverpool, a s we ll as to the Etna foundry of Messrs. Breeklehurst, Diroke, anti of Abe ammo plias, wise tiro Vie slants of tits iavostor.—Piligiohnie Journal.