The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-02-28 00:00:00

w ~ t~.~, ~ _ ~~.. ~~ _ ~ - 7 4 ,. ' 1 1. 46 - '" c.;:;-" ii ENGLISH AND IRISH CHURCH AND UNIVERSITY 6 . 4 . L........., ASSURANCE SOCIETY., 18, BASINGHALL-STREET, LONDON. THE following are the LEADING ADVANTAGES offered to 'A S SURER S by :this , SOCIETY ; EVERY VARIETY OF PROPOSAL IS ENTERTAINED FOR PARTIES DESIROUS OF DISCONTINUING the payments of ASSURANCES contingent on one, two, or three lives. Policies Prerniutns may dispose of their Policies to the Society, who are granted from .e2O upwards. will pay them the equitable value of such Policies in ready THE RATES OF PREMIUM have been settled by the eminent money, or they may obtain a NEW POLICY assuring a smaller amount NOT REQUIRING ANY FURTHER PAYMENTS. Actuary, ARTHUR SCRATEHLEy, M.A., F.R.A.S., and are very MODERATE. Assurances on the Lives of CLERGYMEN THE ASSURED FORM TWO CLASSES in this Society, the one can be efitic - ted at LOWER RATES OF PREMIUM than those on .participating, the ether not participating in the profits, thus., *ordinary lives.' The payments of Premiums may be annual, securing ' at choice, aihthe advantages of the Mutual and Pro "half-yearly, quarterly, or monthly, at choice , or the com p osi- prietary Offices. . --" *on Premium, commonly called the single Premium, can be PARTIES ASSURINGBY THE PROFITS SCALE are entitled to Stdopted. Or, should it be desired• the payment may bemade SIXTY PER CENT. of the entire profits of the Institution en an ascending or descending settle, according to the various WITHOUT PARTNERSHIP LIABILITY as in the Mutual Offices. _leirctintstances of the Assured. 'LOANS ARE MADE by. this Society upon personal or real A DIMINUTION of half-a-year is MADE ON THE AMOUNT security, and advances are made to Assurers to enable them 43F PREMIUM when persons assure within six calendar months to meet the expenses of EDUCATING their CH I LDREN AT THE -1 10 their last birth -day. • UNIVERSITIES, onto start them in professions. HALF THE ANNUA L PREMIUM may be kept unpaid forthe Should the ASSURED become so reduced in circumstances lira seven years at five per cent. interest by parties assuring PRE heir lives by the profits scale. as to be UNABLE TO CONTINUE THE PAYMENT OF HIS PRE POLICIES EFFECTED FOR SHORT TERMS OF TEAM; can at mums, provided the Policy shall have acquired a sufficient the expiration of such terms, be renewed for the whole oelife value, the Directors have power, on application being made on very equitable terms. to them, to supply the remaining Annual Premiums from a Charitable Fund formed by setting aside One-tenth of the POLICIES TAKEN OUT FOR THE WHOLE OF LIFE MAy BE Profits that may front time to time fall to the share of the 'TRANSFERRED FROM ONE LIFE TO ANOTHER on a plan pecu liar to this Office. Assured. • No ENTRANCE FEES, and the expense of the POLICY TWENTY PER CENT. of the entire Profit's of the Institution STAMP DEFRAYED BY THE OFFICE. are devoted to furthering the objects of the " FRIEND OF THE MILITARY AND NAVAL MEN, not in active War Service, CLERGY SoCIETY.” CLERICAL ASSURERS, therefore, have *re insured at the ordinary rates. not onl y the satisfaction of feeling that they are securing at INVALID LIVES, not labouring under organic disease, may their Death the payment of a sum of money to their repre effect Policies at equitable rates. sentatives, hut also that they are contributing to the funds of ASSURANCES granted against PARALYSIS, Bum:mos, an Institution in the benefi , s of which either themselves or INSANITY, ACCIDENTS, and every other affliction, bodily or their families may participate, should they be placed in ad mental, in the event of a party becoming totally and abso- verse circumstances. The objects of the " Friend of the -Irately disabled and incapacitated. Clergy Society" being to afford temporary assistance to neces _ FIDELITy.GuARANTEE POLICIES granted in connexion sitous Clergymen and ‘their Families, and to grant permanent 'Pith Life Assurance. pensions to Widows and Orphan unmarried Daughters of THE ASSURED MAY RESIDE, without any extra charge, in Clergymen of the Established Church. WI parts of Europe (Turkey and the Levant excepted). Also ENDOWMENTS FOR CHILDREN on their attaining the age In the CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, APSTRALIA, THE CA NADAs, of 14 or 21, and PROVISIONS FOR OLD AGE (by which a party and all except the more southerly STATES OF NORTH secures to himself a sum payable on hi, attaining the age of AMERICA, subject only to a small payment for voyage risk in 60 or 65, or to his family., in case of his previous death) are going out and coming home. The Assured may also proceed granted by this Society. 20 and reside in ANY OTHER COUNTRY, on payment of such , extra Premiums as may be considered by the Board of ANNI7ITIEs GRANTED i ncreas i ng a Snare O f P ROFITS, 33irectors to be adequate to the increased risk thereby in- the rates being calculated from extensive data specially curred. obtained and arranged for the use of this Office. CLERGYMEN and others can obtain ADVANCES to assist ALL CLAIMS BY DEATH are paid by this Society at the lbern in PURCHASING ADVOWSONS, or to make REPAIRS ON expiration of three calendar months after receipt at the PARSONAGE HOUSES, and other tenements on Church Pro- Office of satisfactory evidence of death. perty. TRU Hobert Makin Bates, Esq., (Messrs. Strahan, Paul, and Bates.) Thomas W. Booker, Esq., M.P. for Herefordshire. EES. The Rev. J. E. Cox, M.A., F.S.A., St. Helen's, Bishopsgate. The Rev. M. W. Lusignan, M.A., Allhallows the Great & Less. :TORS. The Rev. M. W. Lusignan, M.A., Allhallows the Great and Less. The Rev. Richard Whittington, M.A., St. Peter's, Cornhill. AUDITORS. W. W. Deloitte, Esq., Accountant to the Great Western Railway Company, &c. The Rev. Walter Mitchell, M.A.. St. Bartholomew's Hospital. STANDING COUNSEL. Richard Malins, Esq., Q.C., M.P. for Wallingford. I J. G. Philliniore, Esq., M.A., Q.C., M.P. for Leominster. BANKERS. Messrs. Strahan, Paul, and Bates, 217, Strand. PHYSICIAN. SURGEON. C. J. B. Wig, Esq., M.D., I, Chester-terrace, Chester-square- I William Guest Carpenter, Esq., 50, Finsbury-square. CONVEYANCING COUNSEL. James N. Goren, Esq., M.A., Fellow of Queens College, Cambridge. — -- ' . '- t CONSULTING ACTUARY. I SOLICITOR. Arthur Scratchley, Esq. M.A., Parliament-street. Cl.arles Sawbridge, Esq. Wood-street, Cheapside. SURVEYOR. BROKER. E. W. Gooch, Esq.. Connaught-terrace. I Robert Peake, P..q., 3, Bartholomew-lane, Bank. • SECRETARY. • Stephen J. Aldrich, Esq., (Secretary to the Friend of the Clergy,) IS, Basinghalbstreet. __ DIRE , The Rev. J. E. Cox, M.A., F.S.A., St. Helen's, Bishopsgate. The Rev. A. G. How, Vicaraxe, Bromley. John Ireland, Esq., Canterbury-row, Newington. TABLE I. Ani.uat Pren: s. d. 1 14 6 1 Is 0 2 3 1 2 9 1 2 16 4 3 5 7 45 50 55 60 63 70 to Assure. * A SPECIAL TA WITH ' BLE has been calcu ' ipted horn original data for CLERGY- Annual MEN desirous of in- Prernium• suring their Lives. The Rates will be s• ( I- furnished on applica -317 64 13 7 tion to the Secretary. 5 14 11 7 3 6 • 9 2 3 11 15 0 TABLE 11. ENDOWMENT A SSUI ANNUAL PREMIUMS to Assure payable on ATTAINING the folk:wing the event of death, WITH Ages. 1 50 I 55 I. 60 s. d. 16 2 13 1 20 3 2 25 3 17 2 30 4 19 9 35 6 16 10 40 10 9 7 45 £ F. d. 2 6 3 2 13 0 3 4 0 3 19 4 5 1 10 6 19 2 1012-6 ZANCES. 100 on a Si ages, or so PROFITS. s. d. 2 1 5 2 6 11 2 15 3 3 6 7 4 1 11 5 5 0 - 7 3 1 10 17 7 e s. d. 1 18 0 2 2 7 2 9 6 2 18 3 3 9 10 4_ 5,1.1_ 5 10 0 7 9 7 11 5 9 inzle Life, ONER ill s. d 1 15 10 1 19 10 2 5 9 2 13 1 3 2 4 _ 3 14 8 4 12 2 5 18 3 8 0 1 11 18 '6 VOCAL DIRECTOR FOR'LIVERPOOL.. The Rev. HENRY HAMPTON, M.A., Incumbent of St. James's, Toxteth-park. JkGEET DITTO .. FRANCIS HORNER, Esq., Solicitor, 2, Chapel-street. ]EDICAL REFEREE DITTO .. JOHN HEY, Esq., 2, Erskine-street. ISARVICYOR DITTO .. H. P. EIORNER,, Esq., 8, Basnett-street. = . 'PROSPECTUSES, and all NECESSARY FORMS, with every information as to the mode of effecting Assurances, may be 4:obtained, either by letter or personal application to STEPHEN J. ALDRICH, Secretary, at the Office, IS, Basingliall street, London; or to FRANCIS HORNER, Esq.. Agent. A small number of Shares, price 4'l each, entitling the Holder to Annual Dividends and periodical Bonuses, will be jostled to parties of respectability. INSTANCES WHERE LIFE ASSURANCE IS PECULIARLY APPLICABLE. - •• I.—To HUSBANDS AND FATHER?, to insure a provision I to secure a portion, at least, to their families, should they after their death, for their Wives and Children. • die before they themselves enter into possession. o .—To YOUNG MEN, to make a provision for their old • 10.—To PARTIES WHO EXPECT TO RECEIVE SUMS OF +lnge. MONEY should they live over a cc; lain number of years, as 3.—To PARENTS, to insure certain sums payable on their for example:—A person aged 30 is entitled to a share, amount 'children attaining the age of 14 or 21, whereby the ready ing to .€5OO. in the Renewal Fine of a Lease, which is payable means for starting them in life may be obtained at a much at the expiration of three years from the present time. This Smal!er annual payment to an Assurance Society, than would share he would lose should he die within that period. To be necessary, were they to attempt to realize the same sum secure his family against that loss, he has only to take out a 3,y putting it into any other species of investment, as a saw temporary Policy of Assurance on his life for the three years, jags' bank, &c.; Assurance Companies charging a smaller and by the trifling annual payment of €6 4s. 7d. he assures sum, as they take into account the chance of the child's the .e5OO ;so that, thould he die before the end of the three dying before attaining the specified age. This kind of As- years, the office pays his family the ..500, and should he live, wurance is called an ENDOWMENT, and can be effected by one lie will come into his share of the fine, the a tof which -single payment, or by a series of Annual Payments or Pre- he will, however, have rendered safe from loss Mc his death, imiums to be made until the child attains the specified ace. •by an outlay of £lB 13s. 9d. altogether. 4.—TO PARTNERS IN FIRMS, who, be Assuring their Joint 11.—THE HOLDERS OF A LEASE, which is renewable on Lice* ca n secure a sum payable at the death of the first, payment of a certain fine, at the death of the first or last of -echiei will enable the surviving partner to pay off the claims two or three tires, can, by a trifling annual payment, assure gene Widow of the deceased upon the firm. in an office the necessary sum. Example :—The holder of a .s.—To SECURE the return of advances made for educating j lease would have to pay a fine of £lOO to renew it at the death snd establishing the younger members of a family in the I of the first of two lives, aged (5 and 35. He can provide for world:—this is effected by Assuring the life of the child its payment by an annual premium of .e 3 7s. Od., so that, educated, so that, should it die young, the parent may recover ! should one of the lives in the lease die even the day after the 'from an Assurance Company the Utolley spent upon it ; it first premium has been paid, he would. receive from the - .live there is a policy of a certain standing on its life , which ENGLISH AND IRISH CHURC H ANDUNIVERSITY ASSURANCE stray be continued in the usual way, and as it was begun at an SOCIETY .elOO. (See Table of the Society's Prospectus.) ,early age, the annual premium would be small. 12.—1 N MOST COPYHOLD PROPERTIES, on the death of the 4.—To CREDITORS, who, by Assuring the amount due to tenant,-his successor cannot be admitted except on payment 'them, can, by a trifling outlay, secure a compensation for of a Fine. In many instances the sudden death of the tenant the loss which the death of their debtors might occasion. has put his successor to great difficulty in procuring the re 7.—To Boarioweas,toprovide,in caseofdeatiaasetn to repay quire(' sum ; an Assurance effected on the life of th tenant, also loan. This is the usual way in which money is now bor. by himself or his successor, would provide for this difficulty, wowed on personal security. The borrower, say for .4'loo, and by.a small annual outlay. asures his life for at least £2OO, and gives personal security 113.-1 N CASES OF MARRIAGE-SETTLEMENT Life Assurance in the shape of two or three joint sureties with himself, for the may also be particularly advantageous :—Suppose a gentle due payment, annually, of interest at five per cenc. on the man, twenty-six yenrs of acre next birth-day, be engaged to a money borrowed, and instalments thereon, and the premiums Ilady whose fortune is €3,500, and that the whole be required e the Assurance. to be settled on her at their marriage, let .el,OOO be vested in •8. To Possessoas OF ENTA*LED ESTATES, who can be- trustees, and with the annual interest let them Insure £2,500 -swath provisio 4 for the yeringer members of their family, by on the life of the husband. The remaining .€2,500 of her amtsuring suitable amounts on their own lives, fortune can be placeo at his command at once, as, at his 9.—To THE EXPECTANTS OF PROPERTY IN REVERSION, death, his wife will still be in possession of .e 3,500. MILNERS' NEW PATENTS. 1851. -MILNERS' PIICENIX (212') SAF EWORKS, LITERPOOL . The most extensive and complete in the World; employing from Two to Three Hundred Hands. assisted by powerful, original, and elaborate Machinery and Implements adapted for every branch of the Work. Established fo carrying out the important " Improvements" under Miners' New Patents of September, 1851—the close of the Great Exhibition) to the interior and exterior of their " HOLDFAST" and FIRE-RE ISTING SAFES; and for supplying to the the Strongest Safeguards against FIRE, ROBBERY, or VIOLENCE extant, at the LOWEST Pascas consistent .with the most PERFECT EFFICIENCY and SECURITY. GROUP OF MILKERS' FIRST-CLASS " HOLDFAST" AND FIRE-RESISTING SAFES, THE STRONGEST WROUGHT-IRON SAFEGUARDS AGAINST ROBBERY AND FIRE EXTANT, OF VARIOUS SIZES, SUITABLE FOR ALL CLAssrs. GREAT FIRE IN BELFAST. "Messrs. MUSGRAVE, BROTHERS .— GENTLEMEN , - At your revest, I beg to state, for tim information of the public, *flat the only property saved from the late fire, in the premises of Thomas S. Major and Co.. was that contained in one of Idilners' Patent tiafes. From the intense nature of the tire, and the length of tune the Safe was exposed to the action of the Vamea, I was fully convi nce d o f t h e d estruct i on of th e b oo k s an d pap er s it contained ;. and feel very great pleasure in testify ing to this extraordinary instance of their preservation. I may add, that the Safe was placed on the third story, without any Vrotection, where it remained till the florr aas burnt around it, when it fell to the room beneath. the door of which was like vise destroyed by the fire.—Yours truly, "JAMES S. HUNTER, "Executor of the late Thomas S. Major, of the Firm of Thomas S. Major and Co. . "Belfast, January 2nd, 1854." TRIUMPHANT RESISTANCE TO ROBBERS, AT MESSRS. .BUTTERWORTH AND BROOKES'S, MANCHESTER. .s i n,—Last night our Premiseswere entered by burglars, who made a desperate attempt upon the :Miners' Holdfast Safe we bouglit from you some time since ; and, although they evidently had recourse to'all the usual appliances of accom plished thieves, and ultimately to gunpm?:per in abtindance, we are glad to say with no other effect than to injure the lock — *he imenine,,, of the Safe they found quite impracticable. au W e ar e happy to he enabled to express our unqualified approbation of the Safe; we believe it is impregnable to thieves. "If our verbal testimony will be of service to you, you are at liberty to refer to us, and to make any use von please of " BUTTERWORTH and BROOKES. 2hls communication. —Yours respectfully, Mosley-street, Manchester, October 22nd, 1851." 7HOS. MILNER and SON select the folhivring severe c ases of successful t r i a l o f tl i C r S a f es f rom h un d re d s o f Cert i f i cates of utility, as instan ces in which they belie ve that any other tilfes than their own would have failed : Triumphant Resistance to Robbers, Glasgow, James Richard- Great Fire at the Gutta Pemba Company. (Greet S and Fire C in n. Market-street, Manchester, Thos. Haigh. 'Great Fire in Haydcin-square, Co . uhro and Potter. Burglarious Attempt fit the Bridgewater Offices. Great Fire at the London and North,Western Railway Station, I Entire Fire in Park-lane, Liverpool, Garniss and Co. OfficesawaetrsTiplieinnleierris,ds, standing beside . .. Great Fire at Cape Haiti,and Co. W. D. Roberts tei r lt e s p of es g u o c ri t g in S n a f o e and 1 r Burglarious Attempt at the Theatre Royal, Manchester. it, red hot outside, b u t con t en t s unsmged, J. and W. \'salker. `Great Fire at Glasgow, Chas. Boydand Son. . illeatractive Fire in Gordon-street,Glasgow, Ker Doer!ng &Co. • MILKERS' FIRST-CLASS STRONG `f ifoLpFAsi- AND FIRE-RESISTING SAFES AND CHESTS, .. - lIALF-INCII TIIiCIC WIZOIIGHT IRON' OUTSIDE; Constructed in the strongest manner, fitted with the Sew Patent - Expanding Doors and Continirus Groove, at extra cost. ' :./lILNERS' HOLDFAST AlsiD FIRS''-RESISTING SAFES AND CHESTS, Ha lf-i nc h Doors ; Quarter - inch Bod i e s. THIEF A . . lai "ERS' AND PIRE,RESISTING SAFES AND .CHESTS, , . . Of medium strength -,. - 1 7 Doors 10 and 12 guage Bodies. All the above qualities with Improved ' ItizpreOtable Powder-protif Locke. 'MILNERS' FIRE RE SISTING BOOK-CASE& AND CHESTS. MILNERS , ~ . PORTABLE• 0 - NW-CHAMBERED FIRE-RESISTING BOXES. HOBBS , 'LOCKS, 10s. each extr IVERPOOL. SHOW-ROOMS. ..... ..LORD•STREET, L LLONDON DEPOT „ . „ ..,41A - .' MOORGATE-STRFXT, CITY. • ~.11PUMH111110, li t ig ~,, , {., , , ,,. 11 , ~.....„,,t il '-- 1 .--, u tlimo t „, 1 r.p ., , ~,,,,,„ :. 1 j hi . 1, um ~10 111 Illiiiiiiii VIES IIII I ' Tl' ' ' l ll l . oll ! 1 " - 1R , , ,'"11 I W ---- • — •- 1 10., 4ibb 1 IMiiiii - - ii , .. t . lt , . i , ' ' l.. c 1 'l• ' I ,' --- ------ : ~ . ..., ' li l 'e l 1 i ---..--,,, ..,,..•." ~ 1,!I ..i",o , 1, , A„i , i' , 7- ,- ** 11 11 11 k:j . .1 ,i: - . I 'lll 1111111 v , 1 , A 4l ' i ;;;;,. 1 ,: 114101i.1 1 ,,6Vii:'' , : , A .., il l 1 , ,1111: , 4,11 ' , 1 ''' .:1 1 :'. 1111 ,p) v ~, , _.... ► .. ,_.______ , ~. . , ~,.,.,1: i.,,,,,.,n,,,.,.:„., l, 777, . , , ,,(>„, \ ! ,I, ,:,,,,,,,, ~:q..,,.,,, ~1 ,1cz:z.,,,.. 11,,;, , A e.,,ii ---- - - .. .. _.... min ...7)„... , _ _-,,-.= kg 4 ... l• ......,. '' ; r 1 1 11 - '.' ram!' ,144) ' i— 1 1 1 1 1 - , ,IPHIMIN ,. _. 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Such an argument is absurdly ridiculous, for if masters were willing to receive their workmen as partners, the latter, who have ..-nothing to lose but the capital they have em barked, can never be deterred by any liabilities under the present system. The objections raised by Mr. CARDWBLL to granting the special privileges conferred by Charters of Incorporation, may, or may not, be founded in justice with reference to the particular cases in which they have been denied ; but they by no means amount to a sufficient reason for inflicting upon the mercantile community the far greater evil of altering the law, so that partners' may of their own will set up a right to limited liability. The question mainly depends upon the nature of-the under taking, and the decision as to the validity of -the claim is very properly vested in a responsible Minister of State and, if he be neglectful of his duty, in the last Court of Appeal—the High Court of Parliament. The only excep tion to this rule is the Stannaries Court of Cornwall, specially applicable to mining, and peculiarly adapted to this hazardous species of adventure; and a bill is now before the House of Commons for extending the same law to the county of Devon, where mining, for copper, lead, and other metals, is carried on to a considerable extent. By this, which is known as the cost-book system, calls are regularly made as money is wanted, and the directora have no authority to pledge the credit of the shareholders, or incur any liability, beyond the amount contributed. Shareholders can also at any time dispose of their shares, or by surrendering them to the remainder free themselves from any further loss. This system, it will be seen, is particularly appropriate to mining adventures,-which are purely speculative, resulting in large profits or absolute loss, but is in no way applicable to ordinary mercantile pursuits, in which necessarily third parties as creditors are largely interested. It may be possible, however, to show other instances in which a similar system would beneficially apply, but as all such cases are provided for, by the means to which we have before alluded, the position assumed by those who demand an alteration of the law is not only untenable, but it is fraught with so *lnch prospective danger to mercantile credit as to justify the most strenuous opposition to its enactment. AMERICA: • ARRIVAL OF THE ARABIA. TUESDAY MORNING, FEB. 28, 1854. LIMITED 4- UNLIMITED LIABILITY. THE important question of limited partnership liability is exciting a very considerable share of public attention, and the more so from the over-temperate zeal which ap pears to have animated those who have taken a prominent part on either side.. As a subject which may materially affect many mercantile operations, it has very properly been taken up by the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce, by whom it has been discussed at much length ; but, in offering any observations upon it, we shall do so without reference to the opinions which have been expressed by the several speakers, most of whom seem to have shaped their arguments with reference to their particular indivi dual interests, rather than the bearing of the whole sub ject upon the mercantile community. It may be pre mised that partnerships of limited liability are by no means unknown to this country—the Bank of England is a striking instance—the Church of England Assurance Company enjoys the privilege by its Act of Parliament, and, indeed, every corporation, whether founded by Act of Parliament or by Royal Charter, is a partnership of limited liability. The advocates for retaining a system of unlimited liability argue, with great justice, that it is simply a question of honesty, whether two or more persons should do that conjointly which they could not do indivi dually—whether they should adventure for profits without being liable for losses ; and whether, if the privilege of nonpayment of debts be given to a partnership, any valid reason can be assigned why it should not be given also to individuals. It cannot be denied that such reason would be unanswerable if the admission of limited liability be made to apply, as its advocates demand, after either the French or American systems, where the title to the prin- ciple depends upon the will of the projectors, and is valid after some form of public announcement. Such an alter ation of the law, it is justly asserted, would open the door to a multitude of rash speculations, involving not only shareholders, but their unsuspecting creditors in ruin, and render far more disastrous than they have hitherto proved, those bubble manias which occasionally seize reflecting Englishmen—which inflict a heavy blow and great discouragement on commercial credit, and involve many a hapless widow and orphan in irretrievable loss of their means of subsistence. It is a fact of which Eng land has some reason to be proud, that while both in France and in America, where partnerships of limited liability are common in commercial speculations, failures form the rule, and success the exception ; here, where every man who seeks a profit pledges all he is worth to the credit of the speculation, the reverse is the case, and failures form the exception. If, indeed, it is impossible in ordinary mercantile transactions but that credit should be given to those who adventure in speculation, and losses should ultimately result where profit was expected, it is certainly not only justice, but common honesty, that those who would have shared - the gains, had there been any, should bear the loss rather than it should fall on innocent credi tors. To make such an alteration in the law as is pro posed by those who hold out France and America as examples, would be to afford a direct encouragement to scheming adventurers, to sap the foundation of that commercial credit which enabled England to stand the shock of a world in arms, and to foster a spirit of rash speculation, which it is the policy of our commercial laws to restrain as far as possible. If under the existing system, where the risk encountered must operate as a prudential check, such a spirit of adventure was evoked as led to the monetary panic of 1826, caused by foreign mining companies and other bubbles ; the corn speculation of 1828, the commercial panic of 1837 ; the railway mania of 1845 ; and the monetary panic of 1847, how direful must have been the consequences had a system of limited liability been per mitted to prevail, changing, perhaps, the direction of the blow, but only to involve a larger number of more innocent victims. It has been abundantly shown that legitimate enterprise requires no such stimulant; the love of adventure is still a predominant passion when large 1 profits are looming in the distance, and the law, in im posing unlimited liability upon those who claim a right to the expected gains, does but guard against the losses being thrown upon those who should neither in justice nor in equity be subject to them. While, therefore, for palpable reasons, the position assumed by those who argue for the retention of unlimited liability is founded on reason, justice, and common sense, as well as on sound policy, it must not be presumed that there are not many exceptions, admitted in practice, but each judged of according to its own merits. Unlimited liability has been always the rule in England but up to within a very recent time, it was the practice, when a Company or Association was formed for a par ticular object, to apply to the Government for a Royal Charter of Incorporation, or to the Legislature for a private Act of Parliament, by which the liability of the partners was limited to their respective shares. In such cases it will be seen that limited liability was an admitted principle, dependent only in its application on the will of the Government or the Parliament. Since, however, Mr. CARDWELL was appointed to the presidency of the Board iof Trade, he has opposed the grant of such privileges in cases similar to those where' they had been previously allowed, and by his refusal in the, instance of the Canadian Steam Navigation Company, which was formed for the establishment of a line of screw-steamers between this port and Canada, led to the animated discussion which is now taking place, on the propriety of altering the law on this subject. It will be remembered that the application for a charter conferring limited liability on the company referred to, was opposed by several remonstrances from parties largely interested in steam-shipping, on the ground that it was an unfair preference to one company over many others, in which the shareholders were subject to unlimited liability, and that if the trade between Liver pool and Canada was sufficiently remunerative, there was no lack of capital and enterprise to undertake it without exclusive privileges—objections which were met by the rejoinder, that the Canard line in particular had the ad vantage of a subsidy from the Government for the mail contract service, while the traffic on the Canada line was not of itself sufficient to justify a large outlay, without some protection against heavy losses to individual share holders. Without entering into any comments on the merits of the respective arguments, pro. and con., we may state that the opposition was successful, the charter of in corporation was refused, and the company obtained their object by an act of the Canadian legislature. The subject gave rise to much discussion, in which Mr. BROWN, M.P. for South Lancashire, Wok a prominent part, and the government issued a commission to inquire into Mercantile Law, one of the points of investigation being the subject of limited liability partnership. Pending this inquiry, a demand has been made and enforced, by pamphlets and other means, for an alteration of the law, so as to assimi late it to that of the United States, which provides for the voluntary incorporation of individuals for the purposes of manufacture, insurance, the construction of railways, dc., rendering the stockholders exempt from all liabilities beyond debts due to workmen and servants. This altera tion is insisted, on upon the broad grounds of general utility, rather than its applicability to particular cases, and the right of government to decide upon its appli cation is broadly denied. This may, therefore, be considered as, the question at issue, and parliament may be called upon to decide whether, in future, sleeping partners may be earning the profits of adventurers, and at the same time be free from all liability beyond the amount of their capital embarked. On such a• point we have no hesitation in deciding in the negative, inasmuch as it would at once destroy that confidence in unlimited respoiisibilitY, which, however imperfectly it may occasion ally-operate, constitutes the great safeguard of commercial credit. Under such a law it would not be difficult to suppose a case where the capital might be found by sleep ing partners, in a speculative concern, drawing at one time enormous profits, and leaving subsequent debts to the liability of active partners, worth little or nothing, the deluded creditors being the real sufferers. Under the proposed system such cases would be of no uncommon occurrence, until credit would be shaken and commercial houses suspected, for the very cause which some of them now seek to establish. We could mention an instance where a Whig nobleman, now deceased, entered into large building speculations to improve his own estate, at a time when such adventures more often resulted in losses than in profits. His steward was, however, put forward as the principal, and, in course of time, became bankrupt ; his lordship, as a creditor, obtained a dividend from the estate ; the unfinished buildings were purchased at a merely no minal price, and the heir of the cunning Whig now enjoys the profits - of the vast improvements effected at the expense of the steward's creditors. A law of limited liability would but legalise such transactions, and all the advantage attempted to be gained would be to deprive the nominal lender of capital of his right to prove on the bankrupt estate as a creditor. A point has endeavoured to be set up by those.who advocate a system of limited liability, that it would encourage a neon of workmen possessing small capital jn.factories, and thereby render strikea and com- By the British and North American Royal Mail steam ship Arabia, Commodore Judkins, which arrived on Saturday, we have intelligence from Boston to the 15th, and from New York to the 16th instant. The Arabia sailed from Boston at 10 10 p.m., on the 15th instant. At 10 30 p.m., on the 16th, she passed the steamer Canada, hence tor Boston, and at midnight arrived at Halifax. After a detention of about one hour and a half, she proceeded to sea, passed Cape Clear, at 1 10 p.m., on the 24th, and saluted the Rock at 11 9 a.m., on Saturday, having made the run in nine days sixteen hours and forty-five minutes. The Royal Mail steamer• Africa ar rived off New York on the 14th. The Royal Mail steamer America arrived at Boston on the 16th from this port. The Arabia brought 84-passengers, but no specie. The cotton house of Estifin and Co., of New Orleans, had failed, as well as two other commercial houses. It was reported that the steamer William Norris, building at New York, and which is expected to make the run to Europe in six days, had been sold to the Turkish government for $230,000. The vessel will be 230 feet long, 38 feet beam, and will draw seven feet six inches water. She will be 1,4430 tons burthen, with a draft of 1,000 tons. The Star of the West and the George Law had arrived at New York with nearly $1,500,000 in gold dust on freight. On the sth inst., in lat. 25 04, lon. 80, she passed a British seventy-four, steering north. The steam-ships Nevada, and John L. Stephens had sailed from San Fran cisco, with $1,872,012 on freight. The arrival of golddust, shipped from California in 1853, was $82,300,399. 42c. According to advices from Lower California, the Mexican rancheros had submitted to, and asked the protection of the Government of the New Republic. President Walker had issued a proclamation, in which he stated that warfare seldom used among civilized nations had been used against his government, as if he and his piratical expedition were entitled to the usages of civilized nations. During the engagements which occurred, one of the leaders of the fillibusters was accompanied by his wife, who employed herself in loading and passing the arms to the men, and repeatedly firing upon the enemy through the loop-holes. It is stated in the Mexican advices, that the Tehuante pec-road had been commenced at Minatitlan on the 30th, and at Suchil on the 25th ult. A telegraph despatch from New Orleans says,—" A door and window tax had been proclaimed throughout Mexico. It was stated that a body of Mexican troops had been ordered to proceed to Sonora, to assist in quashing the Walker filibuster expe dition. The Indians in Durango had been routed, and the property stolen by them recovered. The ship Lady Suffolk had sailed for Yucatan, with several hundred troops for the Indian war. A conducta had arrived at Vera Cruz, with two millions of dollars in silver, the most of which was taken by the English mail steamer. From Havana we have dates to the Bth inst. Sugar was in improved demand; stock on hand, 65,000 hhds. Coffee was firm, with a large business doing. Molasses scarce, and selling at 2i reals. Freights had advanced, £5 being paid to Europe. ' • COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE, COT ToN.—(From W.P. Wright's Circular; Feb.l4). The market here during the past week has suffered by the adverse accounts received per Pacific, and it has been difficult to buy or sell at satisfactory prices, buyers demanding a reduction greater than holders are willing to submit to. The business, therefore, has been to a. smaller extent than in any of the fifteen weeks preceding, and amounts to 3,700 bales, of which 1,229 have been for export, 1,871 for home use, 451 on speculation, and 149 in transitu. The southern markets are all lower, under the accounts per Arabia. In New Orleans and Mobile a severe monetary pressure is also adding its influence in putting down prices. The deficiency in receipts at the ports, as compared with last season, is this week slightly reduced, and now amounts to 615,000 bales. The following is a statement of the movement in cotton since the Ist September last, as compared with the pre vious three years :- 1854. 1853: 1852. 1851. ReceiptA at the Porte, 1,457,000 2,072,000 1,564,000 1,446,000 Exports to Gt. Britain, 441,000 846,000 526,000 442,000 I France 161,000 146 COO 197,000 188,000 „ other For. Ports, 92,000 133, '(10 104,000 104,000 Total Exports 700,000 1,1300 , 0 823,000 734,000 Stock on hand 184,000 670,000 534,000 659,000 From which it will be seen that the decrease in receipts now amounts to 615,000 bales ; the decrease in exports to Great Britain, 405;000; other foreign ports, 40,000. In crease to France, 15,000. Total decrease in exports, 430,000 bales. istsw Yoaic, FEB. 16.—The Money Market to-day was abundantly supplied, rate of interest prime paper four months being 9to 10; rate on call, 7. Fancy stocks, active. Exchange on London, 81 to Bf. Cotton: The advices per America caused prices to become stiffer, but did notalter quotations. Sales to-day,2,500. Bread-stuffs: Flour has advanced 6d. to ls. Wheat and corn firm. NEW ORLEANS, FEB. 16.—Cotton dull. Sales 14,000 irregular. Decreased receipts, 505,000. CHARLESTON, FEB. 13.—Cotton dull and declining. Sales 1,500. INDIA AND CHINA. The steamer Bombay arrived at Trieste on Saturday, in 158 hours from Alexandria. The India and China mails were detained in Alexandria from the 16th to the 18th, and the English steamer to take them on was expected to arrive on the 18th, and therefore could not, at the earliest, leave again before the 19th. The advices by this mail are from Calcutta, January 20 ; Madras, January 25 ; Shanghai, December 31 ; Amoy, January 4; Hongkong, January 11 ; Singapore, January 19 ; Penang, January 21 ; Galle and Bombay, January 28 ; Burmah, January 12. The Governor-General had gone six miles above Meaday, fixed the boundary line, and taken possession of the coun try in the name of the Queen. He returned to Calcutta on the 16th January. A party of troops against dacoits having been led into an ambush, 23 men and Captain Barry, of 71st Native Infantry, were killed. Captain Phayre is to be sent as Plenipotentiary on a special mission to Ava. Trade in India is active. Exchange at Calcutta, 21. From China we lenrn that the French expedition had returned to Hong Kong from Nanking. Feention was closely invested by the patriot army. Exchange at Canton, 51; Shanghai, 63 ; Hong Kong, 5. There is no further news from the. Persian Gulf. It was asserted in India that the Russian army of the Oxus had advanced within two days' march of Khiva. It was also asserted that the Khans of Khiva and Bokhara had been brought to terms by the Russians, and that an alliance, offensive and defensive, had been con cluded between those chiefs, the Russians, and Dost Mahomed. These assertions, founded on Indian rumours, must be received with great caution. MDLLE. WAGNER. — The Court of Queen's Bench was occupied for three days last week with the case Lumley v. Gye, in which the plaintiff sought, damages against the defendant for inducing Mdlle. Wagner, the vocalist, to break her engagement. A verdict was entered for the defendant, the jury having found that the defendant did not know that the agreement between The plaintiff and Mdlle. Wagner remained a binding agreement when he entered into an agreement with her on the sth of April. PUBLIC PROSECUTORS.—On Tuesday, Mr. Phillimore's bill, to provide for the appointment of public prosecutors and for the amendment of criminal procedure in England and Wales, was printed. There are 19 sections in the bill. It is proposed to divide the circuits of the judges of assize into districts. The . Lord Chancellor is to appoint, for each district, one or more fit persons, being a barrister of not less than ten years, as a public prosecutor. The salary is not to exceed £l5OO a year, including travelling expenses. Deputy public prosecutors may be appointed, and assistant prosecutors in courts of quarter sessions, and there may be deputy assistants. Further district agents may be appointed. Magistrates may remand accused per sons to take the opinion of the public prosecutor. The duties of •the office are defined. 1 3 ,1 - upEns.-,--From a return just published, it appears that in 618 unions, Sc., in England and Wales, 818,822 persons were relieved (in-door and out-door) on-the Ist of January, 1854, being an increase of 11.276 over the same day in 1853. Of able-bodied paupers receiving relief there were 136,049; being an increase of S 130. An in crease of £lO,llB is shown •in the expense for the half year ending Michaelmas, 1853, as compared with the cur responding half-year of 1852: - TICE DUKE OF WELLINGTON . and Napoleon were -15 years of age when they finished their military career in the field at Waterloo. The youngest major-general in our army at present (royalty excepted) is - long past that age, and- there are only two full colonels who have not attained it. • DEBILITATED CONSTITUTIONS.—The Wonderful efficacy of Holloway's Pills, and the.good effects i; has produced on patients sufferin g from diseases of the stomach, liver com plaints, bile, and indigestion, would appear incredible, if it were not daily confirmed by proofs of the cures effected by their. The exhilarating properties of these invaluable pills entirely banish all nervousness front the system, strengthen the tone of the stomach, thereby promoting digestion • per sons suffering from dropsy should use Holloway's Pills, as they are the most safe and certain remedy ever known for that dreadful malady. WORK FOR THE LEGISLATURE.--We are informed that when a proprietary article becomes of sufficient celebrity, it is the practice of some persons—whose apparent respecta bility throWs both the trade and the public off their guard— to imitate these articles so closely that few persons can, from the outside of ,the packet, tell the difference, but who evade the law by having their own name in some way introduced as the vendors. This has, in some cases, led to very serious results, and it is hoped that a law will be shortly introduced to put an end to this insidious and wide-spreading evil. Among those articles which have been extensively imitated we may mention Brande's Enamel, which has acquired such a world-wide celebrity in the prevention of that distressing malady the toothache. •We understand that to guard against these impositions, the genuine article has the signature of the original manufacturer, John Willis, (established in 1546,) on the outside of each packet, without which none is genuine. • FRAMPTON'S PILL OF I-lEALTII.—" For upwards of nine years (writes Mr. Thomas Province. of Winchmore Hill, Middlesex), I have experienced the efficacy of this excellent medicine.. I had long previously been afflicted with headache and indigestion; but a friend having induced me to make a trial of Frampton's Pills, I now inform you that a few doses gave me great relief; and during this long period of time I hare taken them in preference to any other medicine; and I have the happiness of saying that I never had a better state of health, which I attribute toFrampton's Pills. I beg further to add, that this medicine is in general use by my family, and we know of nothing to equal it." In any case when an aperient medicine is required, they need only be tried to be universally adopted. Sold by all medicine vendors. Price Is. hid. per box. See the name of "Thomas Trout, 229, Strand, London," on the government stamp. TREASURES OF NATURE.—It has been well remarked that there is not an imperfection that flesh is heir to, for width a remedy is not at hand, to discover which we have only to search/ the vast laboratory of nature. A more apt illustration cm scarcely be offered, than in the application of a natural production, of American growth, namely, the Balm of Columbia, in cases where the hnman head has been de prived of its becoming and natural ornament. As a promoter of growth, strengthener and restorer of the hair, C. and A. Oldridge's Balm of Columbia is unrivalled, and in cases of baldness its virtues are inestimable. The further advantages of the Balm may be summed up in its freeing the hair from rcurf, producing a beautiful curl, preserving it from prema ture greyness, and its excellent adaptation to the nursery, which should never be without it, no climate destroys its efficacy, and .it has proved a most valuable article of trading' speculation.—Sold wholesale and retail by the proprietors, 13, Wellington-street North, Strand, London, and by most of the respectable perfuMers and medicine vendors, price Is. 6d., 65.. and Its. per bottle; no other prices are genulne.—N.ll. The public are requested to be on their guard against coun terfeits ' . ask for Oldridge's Bairn,l3, Wellington-street North, 2trand, London. FOREIGN NEWS. FRl:CCM—Although the Paris papers were silent on the subject, having received orders to that effect, the•political arrests continued. The anniversary of the 24th February had been marked for a great movement in the capital, and precautions have been taken to meet it. A number of arrests took place on Wednesday. The apprehended movement of artizans did not, however, take place, and nothing occurred to mark the anniversary of the revolu tion of the 24th February. One hundred and sixty Vincennes Riflemen have arrived at Lyons by railway on their road to Toulon by the Rhone steamers. They were to be followed by five battalions of the same force. The third battalion now at Lyons is under orders for Constantinople. A superior officer, says the Courier de Lyons, has just left for Algeria, to organise two Mussulman battalions, which will be sent to Turkey with French troops. An order has been issued by the French Minister of Marine to have five ships of the line added to the squadrons in the Black Sea. The third bat talions of Chasseurs of Vincennes, now quartered at Lyons, has been ordered to march to Toulon, and the 6th of March is stated as the day of embarkation for the expe ditionary army. It is now believed that that force will amount to nearly 70,000 men. SPAlN.—Letters from Saragossa bring news of a pro nunciamento in that city. A battalion had revolted with cries of Concha." A colonel was killed in the contest which took place. The insurgents being pressed, retreated in the direction of Huesca. MADRID, FEB. 22.—The whole of Spain has been de dared in a state of siege. The ministry of Queen Isabella maintains a firm attitude. Numerous arrests have taken place at Madrid among the members of the Opposition. ITAnr.—lmportant, if correct, intelligence has arrived from Tuscany. It is said that orders have been received for the withdrawal of all the Austrian forces, amounting to 6,000 troops. A small garrison only will remain at Leghorn. A Government tribunal is likely to be formed. It is also reported that the Grand Duke may abdicate. M. Brenier has offered French troops, if necessary, for Florence. That gentleman, when in Tuscany, assured the Grand Duke that the Government of France could not countenance the present system of rule ; at the same tune the Emperor had no desire to encourage revolution ists.—The King of Sicily has given orders to fortify the coast. PRIISSII. — The Berlin Zeit, well-known as the organ of the Prussian Premier, says :—Prussia has given unequi vocal proofs of a friendly disposition towards Russia throughout the course of this Eastern quarrel, and it had a good right to expect in return that Russia would not in a spirit of stubborn pertinacity insist on carrying things to a pitch which must make it necessary for Prussia to choose between friendship and duty. AUSTR4A.—lntelligence from Vienna, of Wednesday afternoon, says :-25,000 more men are to be sent imme diately to the south-eastern frontier. To calm the fears of the public, it will be officially announced this evening that his Majesty is still doing all in his power to maintain peace. Russii.—Accotwits from St. Petersburg, of the 15th inst., represent the great excitement of the Emperor on learning the course pursued by Austria and Prussia in reference to the Eastern question. He inveighed with much bitterness against what he termed the " treachery" of those two Powers, and expressed himself in the strongest terms of displeasure. A considerable force of the Imperial Guard, with other troops, has been ordered in the direc tion of the Prussian frontier. An imperial manifesto is also spoken of, ordering an extraordinary levy of nine men out of every 1,000 throughout his dominions. The Emperor is suffering from some illness, which is variously ascribed to gout, erysipelas, and bilious fever. GREECI. -:—. The Russo-Greek insurrection in Epirus be comes more formidable. Four provinces have already risen, 'namely, Sconlicaria, Radovitzi, Zoumerka, and Agrapha. More than 2,000 insurgents are under arms. A great num ber of the inhabitants of the lonian Islands are crossing over to help the Epiroces. The insurgents have taken up a position near the " Five Wells," in the neighboUrhood of Arta, cutting off communication with Janina. The Provincial Government has sent 1,000 irregular troops against them. The tradesmen in Arta have fled for safety to the citadel, taking their property with them. In two engagements with the troops, near Arta, the insurgents had the advantage; and a Turkish guar , dship had been sunk in the harbour by a broadside from a Greek cutter. It is said at Janina that some English troops will land there to put down the revolt. A Greek lieutenant at the head of some soldiers had gone over to the rioters. Con siderable later intelligence states that many Athenian students have joined theinsurrectionary army, which is now 8,000 strong. The garrison and prisoners of Chalcis have revolted and fled._ The director of the police at Athens is dismissed. CAPS OF Goon Hops.—The Queen of the South ar rived at Plymouth on Sunday, with mails from India and the Cape of Good Hope. General Cathcart was completing arrangements for the security of exposed districts, and locating the lately hostile tribes. The intended withdrawal of troops from the Orange territory had greatly depressed mercantile interests. The colony was quiet. In Natal the search for precious metals had been unsuccessful. Arrived from Liverpool: Perseverance and Warbler; also the steamer Golden Age, in thirty days ; she left for Australia on the 16th Jan. THE WAR IN THE EAST. Letters from the Danubian provinces statethat a stragetic movement of great importance had just been adopted by the general-in-chief of the Ottoman army. Omer.Pasha, who is perfectly aware of all the plans of the Russians,had just concentrated a powerful corps of reserve at Sophia, and was making that place one of the principal centres of operation in order to . eheck the Russian army in case it should attempt to turn the position at Kalafat, as its.gene rals have proposed. Sophia, which is situated.in a vast plain on the road from Belgrade to Constantinople, is the key to Bulgaria. The Ottoman army, supported by such a forminable position, would infallibly stop the Russian army, exhausted by a first combat, which it would have to fight with the corps of Turkish troops which guard the frontiers of the empife . on the side of Servia. Up to the 10th, the position of both ivnties at Krajova was that of mutual observation ; both sides were receiving considerable reinforcements. Omer Pasha's despatch gives the following as the total force of the Russians on the Danube Dannenberg's corps, 30,000 men ; this corps has suffered much from sick ness and during the engagements. Luders' corps, 28,000; a division of this corps is in the Caucasus. Osten Sacken's corps, 25,000 ; more than one division of this corps is in Bessarabia. It is by no means complete. A division of cavalry, 4,000 ; total, 87,000. We may, without hesitation, deduct from this army 10,000 men detached from the ranks by sickness, for the typhus and other fevers are making great ravages among it. Russia dare not withdraw from Poland Pauiutin's corps and send it hither. The reasons for not doing so are known, and we do not envy Russia the spirit which reigns in her army. The opinion ex pressed by her officers is, that this time the Emperor is greatly mistaken in his calculations." We learn, by Constantinople intelligence of the 9th, that an engagement had taken place in the Caucasus, in which the Czar's troops were soundly beaten by the Cir-. cassians, under Schamyl. According to accounts from Smyrna, of the Ist of Feb, the collisions between the Turks and Greeks in Asia Minor are increasing in importance every day. Conflicts had taken place at Kutaiah, Angora, and Scala Novo, which required the intervention of an armed force. At Lisbon, it is understood that the Spaniards send troops to Rome to relieve the French, who go to Constan tinople, and that 4,000 Portuguese troops proceed to the lonian Islands to relieve the English, who are to join the French expedition. A French squadron, probably a de tachment from the fleet at Brest, has been cruising off Lisbon. _ . _ _ PARIS, FEB. 26.—A despatch from Vienna, received yesterday, fully confirms the adhesion of the government of Austria to the policy of England and France. TOULON, FEB. 24.—Orders have arrived here for the embarkation of the troops belonging to the corps destined for the East. FEB. 23.—The events connected with the war ' now leave no hope of a pacific arrangement. The Empe ror has -ordered:an additional force of 25,000 men, which has already taken up a position in the Banat, and also 25,000 men to protect the south-eastern frontier, or to be employed as circumstances may require. BucnsnE,sr, FEB. 18.—The cannonade of the Russian batteries against Rustchuk continues. ODESSA, FEB. 13.—The troops of the governments of Twer, Ostrowa,.and Jaroslaff, have marched for the Da nube, and wilt pass through Moscow. There are neither English nor French vessels:at•Odessa. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1854' IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORpS-TUESDAY, ,A l he Earl of SHAVTESBURY presented a petition from Lord Ebrington, complaining of the last election for Barn staple; and the house shortly afterwards adjourned. THURSDAY, FEB. 23. OXFORD UNIVERSITY.—The Earl of DERDY called attention to the efforts now being made by the governing body of the University of Oxford to reform itself, as well as to the petition which it had presented to the Crown praying to be allowed to alter the Caroline Statutes. He believed that the government disapproved the plan pro posed by the Hebdomadal Board, and that it was about to bring forward a measure of university reform. He asked whether the government would communicate its plan to the Hebdomadal Board before submitting it to parliament. —The Earl of ABERDEEN said it was not at present the intention of government to submit its plans of university reform to the Hebdomadal Board. CAVALRY BY STEA.M.—In answer to the Earl of Cardigan whether it were not the intention of government to employ steam-vessels to transport artillery and cavalry to the East. —The Duke of NEWCASTLE said it would be impossi ble to carry out the force mentioned by Lord Cardigan in steam-vessels. Even the transport of 20,000 infantry had been attended with considerable inconvenience to the great steam companies, whose lines of traffic would be entirely deranged if any further calls were made by government on their resources. Inuit TENANT RIGHT.—A discussion arose as to the second reading of the six bills relating to the law of land lord and tenant in Ireland, in which several lords took part, and the second reading of the bills was ultimately postponed for a week. TROOPS IN THE WEST INDIES.—Lord DESART called attention to the withdrawal of troops from the West India Islands, a step which had been attended with much alarm and some danger to the inhabitants.—The Duke of NEW CASTLE defended it, on the ground that the troops were employed in doing the duty of police. He thought the colonists ought to provide their own police, and that it was no part of the duty of a government to find troops for such service. The matter dropped, and the house shortly afterwards adjourned. FRIDAY, FEB. 24. A petition was presented by Lord Bnouankm from the clergy and laity, but chiefly the clerg,y, of the principality of Wales, for the establishment of a university, to include Brecon College, Lampeter Church College, and certain endowed schools. - THE EASTERN QUESTION.—Lord BEAUMONT, in a speech of great length; returned to some of the charges brought against the government for its conduct on the Eastern question ; and concluded by moving a series of resolutions amounting, in effect, to a declaration of war against the Emperor of Russia. The Earl of CLARENDON hoped, now that his noble friend had made his speech, that he would refrain from pressing his resolutions, some of which were harmless, but others highly objectionable. We were, he said, upon the eve of great events—we had.already opened that great question of the East which had been so long foreseen, but, as we had been forced into it, it should be settled once for all. He concluded by declaring that it was the pm-pose of her Majesty's government, so far as the course of events would permit, to check the aggressive and ambitious power of Russia, to maintain the integrity of the Otto man empire, to take solid guarantees in order that Europe may not again be deprived of the great blessings of peace, and, at the same ti:ue, to secure equal rights and equal justice to the Christian population of Turkey. After further discussion the motion was withdrawn ; and their lordships adjourned at half-past nine. HOUSE OF COMMONS—TUESDAY, Flan. ‘2l The second reading of the Cheltenham Waterworks Bill was carried by 87 to 85. . - PittvATEERs.--:Mr. HOREFALL asked whether the trea ties with foreign nations, or the steps which her Migesty's government were prepared to take in the event of war, were such as would eTectually prevent privateers being fitted out in neutral ports to interfere with British ship ping.—Loßn PALMERSTON said this was a question to which, in the present state of things, no explanatory answer could be given. EDU CITI ON IS MANCIIESTER.-Mr. ADDERLEY moved the second reading of the Manchester and Salford Educa tion Bill, which had been introduced as a private bill. He stated that its object was to enable the ratepayers of Man chester to rate themselves to a common fund, to be distri buted proportionably among the existing schools. In supporting the bill he entered somewhat deeply into the general system of education.—Mr. GissoN moved, by way of amendment, a resolution " that education to be sup ported by public rates is a subject which ought not to be dealt with by any private bill.—After a considerable dis cussion the second reading was negatived by 107 to 78. Assrssmxxr.—On the motion of Mr. PET°, leave was given to bring in a bill for the uniform assessment of property for the purpose of rating. The Friendly Societies Bill was read a second time. The Truck Act Amendment Bill was read a first time, and ordered to be read a second time on Wednesday, the 15th of March. The house adjourned at twelve o'clock. WEDNESDAY, FED. 22. The house met at noon. OXFORD UNIVERSITY.—In answer to a question, Lord J. RUSSELL said that her 11injesty could not be advised to assent to the proposal for granting a license in favour of the draught of the constitution as proposed by the Heb domadal Board. Anmrsstos OF JEWEL —ln answer to a question from Mr. Walpole, whether the Alteration of Oaths Bill would come on on Monday, and, if not, what day he proposed for that measure,—Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that the Alter ation of Oaths Bill would not be proceeded with on that day, and he could not then fix a day for proceeding with the bill. . r - SMITH ()TETE/T.—Lord PALIIEESTON said, the ques tion of extending the clemency of the Crown to Mr. Smith. O'Brien had been under the consideration of the govern ment. Other persons, in the same category, had (he observed) thought fit to break their parole; but Mr. O'Brien, whatever had been his faults and his crime, had acted, in this respect, like a gentleman, and it was the intention of the government to advise the Crown to extend to him, as au act of clemency, permission to place himself in the same situation as that in which those other persons had placed themselves by a violation of their pledges. WAR Irs THE EAs.r.—The bringing up of the report of the Committee of Supply on the votes for the navy esti mates led to a discussion on the Eastern question, after which the report was agreed to, and the house adjourned at half-past one. THURSDAY, FEB. 23, Mr. PATTEN presented a petition from Mr. Bramley- Moore, one of the candidates at the last election for Kingston-on-Hull, complaining of the report of the com missioners appointed to inquire into the election practices of that borough, in which they stated that systematic bribery and corruption had taken place, and that Mr. Wore was cognizant of the fact; that the chief commis sioner in open court had expressed himself to the effect that the denial of Mr. Moore, in his evidence, that he had any knowledge of such bribery was perfectly satisfactory ; and that, in consequence of this statement, the petitioner had not remained in court to hear any evidence that might be brought against him. In these circumstances he prayed the house for redress, and desired to give the. most public and decided denial to the report of the commissioners. PRIVATEEP.S.—Mr. HORSBALL asked whether the trea ties with foreign nations, or the steps which her Majesty's - government were prepared to take in the event of war, were such as would effectually prevent privateers being fitted out in neutral ports, to interfere with British ship ping.—Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that the only answer he could give to the question was, that the relations :of neutral nations and the policy to be adopted towards them had been subjected to the very anxious-considera tion of the government.' Certain customs were always observed according to the laws of nations, and' diiTerent countries had - different laws and notions in referenee_to the subject alluded to by the hon. member. In enterino into alliances this question was one of great, difficulty and intricacy, and all he could say' at present was, that, while government would strive to avoid, in eVery.possible way, exciting the jealousy or provoking the hostility of neutral Powers, they would endeavour at. the same time to use such precautions as would effectually conduce to the protection of their allies. . • DUELIN HOSPITALS.—Mr. GROGAN moved for a select committee to examine into, and report upon, the ex pediency of the grants from public funds to the Dublin hospitals.—Mr. IVILsoN did not object to the appoint ment of a committee, though he did not see, unless Dub lin could show some peculiar claims, how the house could rescind its own resolution.—After a brief discussion ) the motion was agreed to. EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND.—The LORD-ADVOCATE moved for leave to bring in a bill to make further provi sion for the education of the people in Scotland, and to amend the laws relating thereto. It was proposed to' establish, under a general board, a system of school inspec tion, by which a complete educational survey would be made of the whole of Scotland, on a large scale and in. minute detail, to be laid before parliament yearly. In the meanwhile certain alterations were proposed to be made in the law regarding schools. It was intended to raise the remuneration of school-masters, which was at present entirely inadequate, to £5O a-year ; to give them a retired allowance, and to provide better house accommodation. The government had determined that it was not necessary that a parochial schoolmaster should subscribe any-reli gious test ; but it was not intended to make any change at present in the body electing the schoolmasters, subject only to the approbation of the inspector of the district and of the.general board. The superintendence of the paro chial schools, which was now in the presbytery, and was nothing but a name, it was proposed to place in the hands of the heritors and minister, under the control of, the in spectors and the general board, except in particular cases. lie read the preamble of the bill, recognizing the necessity of combining religious with secular instruction, and one of the clauses, which enacted that, in the parochial and additional schools certain hours should be set ;Tart for religions instruction, but that no child 'would be bound to attend them if the parent or guardian objected, no addi tional charge being, however, made in respect to that attendance, which would be considered as part 'of the ordinary school instruction. It was proposed that a ge neral rate for educational purposes should be levied over Scotland, not to exceed ld. in the pound on the whole valuation, to be administered by the general board, and. applied, first, to the establishment of industrial and re formatory schools • secondly, to the assistance of poor parishes ; and thirdly, in aid of denomination schools, which should comply with the rules of the Privy Council, Under the control of the general board.—ln the course .of the discussion which ensued, Mr. WALPOLE objected, that the preamble of the bill did not consist with the provisions, which seemed to transfer the national system of Ireland to Scotland, just at the time when it had proved more. or less unsuccessful. He could not see, he added, the neces sity of doing away altogether with a religious test. Why could not the university test be adopted ? The proposal to establish, by means of a rate, reformatory and indus trial schools, was a noble one ; but, being a -national nat- ter, he thought the expense should be borne national funds.—Lord J. RUSSELL justified the 5 . of a test which was not applicable to the prese nt state of Scotland, and distinguished between the 1.77 system in Ireland and that proposed in relation wd gious instruction. Ultimately leave was given in the bill. Some minor business was transacte d, ari house adjourned at half-past ten. to vci FRIDAY, FED. 24. HARBOURS.—In answer to a question, Mr. '-- said, the inquiry of the commissioners into the _biL,„ the harbours on the coast had terminated, and be or tos.be able shortly to lay their report on the table. 0 1 SElzunßa OF GIINFOWDER.—In reply to some r e d with reference to a statement which had apPor e g t , some seizures of gunpowder had -been made , of WILSON explained the circumstances and the al jf adopted to prevent the exportation of munitions `"00 to quarters where they might be used against thi s i , c° ,.s4 or its allies but did not consider that he should fled in stating the names of the persons referred i ' ° ' o l did not follow that they were cognizant of the transaction. NAVAL NEGLIGENCE.—In answer to a question it was true that one of Her Majesty's frigates was l e t) danger of foundering at her anchor, and, if $O7 O O l the. Admiralty had instituted any inquiries relativeo same; Sir J. GRAHAM said, such an accident al s o happening, and from inquiry it appeared to ha l o owing to great carelessness on the part of thug */ duty it was especially to guard against such ° l ot' Inquiries were being made on the subject, and the would be fully investigated. MILITARY DEFENCES.—Sit J. WALSH called a (I to the inadequacy of the military establishments oi country to meet the exigencies of the impead ing to b urging the danger of committing the error of, rating its importance. In 1848-49 the army cous3so 0 113,847 men, and it numbered now, with the Pr' 4 increase, less than 113,000 men, which was aat .do a cient provision for a great emergency like the piT o i Several members having spoken on the question , RUSSELL remarked that the debate was taking tit contrary to all former practice, and suggested ty.l house should go into committee of supply upon hi" estimates. THE ARMY ESTIMATES. The house went into committee of supply, vale v te i Mr. S. HERBERT, in stating the outlines of t° o mates, premised that they must not be looked up 01 1,) final estimates of the year, the govern ment yoi thought it better that the house should discuf s o i' policy before the whole estimates had been fro* a time of peace, though in anticipation o f w ar. crease in the number of men was nominally 10, 6 1, ;i owing to the reductions in certain colonial con* augmentation was about 11,000, and the real ille"e the cost of the effective force (allowing for certa , n t y , tions) was £260,000 or £270,000. Ha v i ng s tated;' ductions effected in the colonial staff, he prot'l explain in minute detail the changes which 'n e t made and were meditated in the i n t er i or org anil the army, showing, he said, that the m ilit ar y had paid dose attention to the comforts and the ' of the soldier, at the same time that they had not the measures necessary to secure the general efliC P.. the force. He then, with reference to a motion rctl A the diminution of the troops in the colonies, shoo; ' the number of those troops had b een considerat, l i d nished. He added that h er M a j es t y h a d dectuttyl issuing a commission of inqu i r y i n t o th e su bj ec t 01 t yi of the general officers of the army. Adverting t 4 servations of Sir J. Walsh, he did no t, h e re peat' , pose these as war estim a t es ; h e was a f ra id that very long it would be hi s d u ty t o b r i ng in supPlen'l estimates. He then moved the following votes, after undrgoing discussion, were agreed to : 112,977 officers and men (effective). £3.923,288, pay and allowances. £151,382, general and medical staff. £105,093, public departments. £17,401, Royal Military College. £20,756, Military Asylum and Hibernia n tary School. £BB,OOO, volunteer corps. £20,500, rewards for military service. £46,000,. army pay of general officers. £49,600, full pay of retired Accra. £356,000, half pay and military -allowance' 233,671, foreign half-pay. £115,889, widows' pensions. - £75,500 ; compassionate allowances. £30,694, in-pension's. 21,215,712, out-pensions. £38,000, superannuation allowances. THE NAVY ESTIMATES. f re Sir J. GRAHA.3I moved the Navy Estimates, P„dt"; the votes with a state m e n t o f th e genera l result, art brief observations upon p ar ti cu l ar it ems. The n'oe. votes (for the men, wages, and victuals), had beeng): agreed to by the house. The t o t a l i ncrease wa s XL n ," but the sum required for these estimates was byll 6 the largest which had been vot e d w ithi n the lase, years. In 1848-49 the amount was nearly £ B not o i the sum of the present estimates was £7,480,0 00 ;,A 1848-49 the number of men was but 42,500, wherro9, number voted by the house this year was 58,5091 e, more men were maintained for a less sum. -tic tamed a confident belief that the estimates would ficient to cover the expenditure, except, perhaps,d article of provisions. In conclusion, he gave gr& to the late Admiralty for-improvements made in the t i and felt assured, he said, that come what mie British navy was now in a highly efficient state. A vote of £138,467 for the Admiralty-office ha , " agreed to, the committee adjourned. . o ,' In a Committee of Ways and Means, a vote o , fi out of the Consolidated Fund, was agreed to. , th e The Towns Improvement (Ireland) Bill all% 09 provement 'of Towns (Ireland) Bill were read time. 40 ) THE COLONIAL CHURCH.—The SomciTo-- - 0 0, 1 moved for leave to bring in a bill to relieve the,..o clergy from certain disabilities, arising from a°V Henry which impeded their meeting far pose of making orders, canons, and constitutiol i e, astical. He explained the nature of the bill, whi c ee o confer no binding authority upon the acts of the p. After a few remarks from Mr. HENLEY an d PHILLIMORE, leave was given. sos', OATHS BILL—On the motion of Mr. J. 10, order of the day for the second reading of this stood for Monday, was discharged, and the 13111 era be read a second time on Friday, the 24th of :Hare Ito The house adjourned at five minutes past one o • Mr. ROBERT STEPHENSON, the e m i nen t engo cet r ed offered to pay off half of a debt of £6,200, ink o d the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1 4 . e upon-Tyne, provided the other half can be 1 10 0 before its next anniversary, in gratitude for the a u :d i derived, while young, from its library, which is OP` best in the north. WARLIK.E.—A striking proof of military ar g afforded by the Scots Fusilier Guards on the T being drafted for the East. Several of the forP°' lo o were required to go with the regiment were re,' td the ranks at their own special request, in order tiro might be eligible . to march with their comrade' seat of war. Tan NEW CAMP.—It is confidently stated - - r new camp will be formed early in May next. nePi i ; or two line regiments it will be almost entirely c c ; t of militia, which force, it is said, will be mustere u 1 extent of 30,000 or-32,000 men. The open dovig o neighbourhood of the Military College of Sandti. according to present arrangement, the locality 0, 1 ') Drillirig up the men, and getting the smart fellows to volunteer for regular service in the 1 3( said to_ be the immediate object which the au' have in view. ' TROOPS IN THE COLONIES.—In estimating the _A. of our available Military force, it is obviously nee e° ; l consider what number of troops are required . :" 0 1 colonies. The return laid bef ore pa r li amen t of the P o i of troops employed in the colonies comes, therefor e y tunely. The Adjutant-Ge n e ra l' s re t urn shows tb 5 .,, were so employed at thi s ti me l as t y ear 1785 o ffice, '`o sergeants and drumm ers , an d 37,566 ran k ral a v o larger number by abo u t 2000 th an i n th e previ°o The Ordnance-office return states that the 11 ' 1 01 Sappers and Misers employed in the colonies last Y ee , 1005, of officers of th e E n gi ne er s 11S, an d 3699 otg men of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Eacl ll l9 our calculation regiments taken• into the pay 0 d India Company, these figures show that one-tbiP" c ii? military force is employed in our various depend& 0 0 ,0 FORGERY ON MESSRS. BARING BROTHERS.- - r nesday, SpitaVa detective officer of the Lond / 41 charged two youths of the names of Green and longing to Woolwich, with having presented a f f "%ei,7o of exchange at the house of Messrs. Baring Brot, k b e ' e b' intent to defraud them of the s um o f 22,000. O e i exchange purported to be signed by Colonel Croy ventor of the revolvers, and, when presente° , N . closed in a letter, requesting that £9OO in gol(1, 6 4 " paid to the bearer, and the remainder in 1 10 ',71 .0 7 prisoner Wren handed in the letter, and the nia„ - ,1,.1 haVe been paid,' butfor one of the clerks - accike . `; e 4o7, serving.that the bill was three years old. SIPAiDeI Wren was apprehended at Woolwich, as also t prisoner Green, who a d m itt e d t o th e o ffi c er th r o o l seen Wren write the lett er i n w hi c h th e bills 0 1 were enclosed, and sig ne d i n C o l one l C o lt's 00 1 1 , both intended, had they got the money, to ho ' l ",,i for America. The prisoners were remanded. CONSiIIVATIV E LAND SOCIETY.—A meet ll 9i inhabitants of Reading was held at the Town e ff Monday, to recei v e a d e p u t a ti on from the C° ll t 4 l O Land Society, consisting of Viscount Ranelag b r iiii") Knox, M.P., H. Pownall, Esq., the Rev. Dr. ~, C. E. Lewis, Esq., G. Morgan, Esq., and C. LI r etj Esq. There was a large attendance, much int er taken in the proceedings, in consequence of the ,p i ing allotment of the Devonshire Square estate , (3 'm i f of March next. Viscouut Rauelagh preside tL e 172 Knox, M.P., gave an interesting statement of th of thO society, and dwelt particularly on tI?eL;i01 chiracter of the estate purchased for the socie,.b: r 1 0 , locality. It was called a child of his own,. urged it on the attention of his colleagues ' mittee, and, looking at its 'most eligible s ."ii i eld manding, great, beautiful, and noble presPec" jov, locality, in the best neighbourhood of the mo st tte town of Berkshire, he had full confidence joicioro that his judgment was not mistaken. Mr. 1„,110 very eloquent speech, dwelt on the great soci al sat of the freehold land movement, as affording profitable investment for the savings of indust r ,be E. Lewis very ably described the working a ct 01 and gave some interesting particulars with r% s 'tl) .. .e estate on the Castle Hill. It is situate of the borough, in the best part of Reading , 'L ttl itris the railway communication of the southern e 0.10,00 in a short time will possess three lines of 1 ; 0 3 / 6 0 jo, metropolis. The 'Great Western =HIM' s ta te. .0, more than five minutes' walk from the er et-PJ' centre of the estate space is reserved for tlie usl y /r a pi l church. The whole had been most judiei ° , oo 0 0 , 1 in lots varying in p r ice f rom £5O to £32 5 . te nd of the speakers were listened to witli inuell%, fa a vote of thanks was passed to the deritAti ° ' formation they had afforded. Paa tO A vie,