The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-07-17 00:00:00

1855 $ •1 x ati ,ati A t e ,g to the 4 o f oq e Saxe Weimar, and this a , ls th "-rand Wh am I h a d alreadyo n taken • tle, re a irlati, Duchess Luise. These amateurs around us are the "ter, r4 lana, 111 3 7 court. We often amuse tol4raly L.„` l. il aring the summer season ; 'Nti e 'lt the fore in the Residenz when we 04:rrestathe inhabitants are careful ~ti!ve4 'Mk Pri vacy. Thus we knew you tO citii to Iv iYour appearance amongst us,. : 41111 g• e ß e.°lll ° You to our ludi sertict, tp r; ~•iat pleasant incognito which is `ilieges of a Sovereign.' IctZtli conclusion of this little oration, I ~,zed,tiT,-sthead likewise uncovered, and hl t itikl sheepish and embarrassed ro,l bself. Leh e Isaid Ett4, .reply, will suffer 4, 1144' b efore. I retire. The . conv . er- Lo a lin e the honour of listening ,a 5 " . 4 11 , so much delight that I am 1 ,: 6 4 ' further extension of your f'4 'e% l "°(; p ho se imagination is so vivid— ratisn, k nowledge is so universal, ~,„14,1,'" and profound, whose language - ` 1 . ) " rao eke hey be, for I feel that I 4 sai a .Y ey 'viv a h," ',linkers to day ?' NA4II: (hand Duke, with a courteous . ktleh, 18 Madame de Stael.' That a 1 ; 411 , ' (l e „,learr Duty,' interrupted the rr i. ft. Ile.. ,ot h ,lbt „e• le a • e his bright eyes, as he ! ,441 :4„"qq 0 , 1 , 11 1 g on his elbow, is one 4 '444 a lld iave a lready known under a ° tlieLra You have he ar d a b use d,' 4q.4.2Vs -4e may be. lam Goethe. %r oe • ths Years 0 , a ~---"-Et0:11/BERLAND. filade th., b an txt li ce L - Ato ka eluive series of ezplo- T ue il t er , q t ,i.t. 4 l4 of Bremenium, t tolat mitt Z.ection of the Duke 'lll l.O e te gion abont 4 97, City is situated in tat'onth limit %a n /411 to the north It W o ' n f a h has % S een regarded 4 1C 4 Iti -I " bare P°Wer in Britain. e ilt A pi , L. lords he streets, houses, and 1 11 01 % gist or i_ the earth. Several u altars e iNtNefo e value Wer f , als e o brou g ht to t ef rest at /preserved th ' , 4 l , s s Of \ `;g 4 1ViCk Castle. The iiccess f. 'els.,..., —ee ntly induced the Society o com -s T yn to attempt the ke upon- e \`: l , qed . Portions of the castrum which I A ti: l ll l , l q4 ae 'lle former search. Enjoying N Abe l l: of their noble patron, the ilth e Bnl4l, and the ready co-operation I '4 Walf i " they commenced operations tl , B . of the camp have been ascer- VIV,, t Yk D4iek, consisting of solid masonry, oq'll4ll about two feet in the centre, ,4 , e , kllll4, ql g6 , The exposed position of the s te ,l . 1‘ eh thi a :( the formation of walls of )I'4 , 4 , r tibc t, 'ess• In the substance of the oro "s t Leil e , _,,about eight feet square, and ,k,_‘tp of! unusual size, has been dis tel,t'fe;eihß.et,s.its do orway is much worn b y Its walls still stand, about !1,1 11 ., The strength and gloominess :ttiNINA.I•4OI,7 workmen to suppose that I ti e N I .tB il oo Three distinct layers of ashes 41 /1 1•04,, r , , Possibly showing that it had tit?.o l / 4 - a '" in destruction before it was 44 41 4 ruin s Qe d e O , th e • The chief point noticed Net i '• 'kill wails which have y - et been to i h and G,l 15 cl ew are with which they have 'ett Ike p li * the western wall of the liei4,ees exhibits masonry varying rs irtbpoFjrt, a t slab bearing an inscrip -1 k„ . et% Ntli h panee has just been found. e Nrcions discovered here, it was b 4 t it' fac riot 16 e downwards. The early itkti Yet bee have inflicted further ven -4 tltio 4 l e i tO ro g , it into three pieces, one of to4/ 1 1, 41 ‘o Wad. The inscription con ehe,,QN„, agabalus, on occasion of the t tiro' "or tower, on which the in 3etio4 it of stones and other mis th-°IIBIY enough, very many %strum, of considerable SUPP: EMENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STAN: size (and roughly reduced to a globular shape, which have doubtless been intended to be used as ammunition for the ballistm The chief value of the inscription, however, consists in the evidence which it affords of the presence in Britain of a Roman proprietor, of whom the tablets previously discovered are nearly silent—Claudius Paulinus. One of the slabs discovered by the Duke of Northumberland on the occasion re ferred to, and engraved in the second edition of Bruce's Roman Wall, contains a name resembling that of Paulinus, but, unfortunately, a fracture in the stone renders it indistinct. On comparing the two inscrip tions, which are of the same character, and evidently belong to the same age, there can be no doubt that the august functionary named upon them both is Clau dius Paulinus. Mr. Roach Smith, in the third vo lume of his Collectanea Antigua, gives an inscription found . at Vieux, in France, w hi c h men tio ns Cl au di us Pauhnus, and among other particulars respecting him states that he was imperial legate and proprietor of the province of Lyons, and afterwards of the province of Britain. No doubt the individual referred to in both cases is the same. It is interesting to observe that, while the soldiers of England and France are fighting side by side in the East, the peaceful exca vators of both nations are, in the west, concentrating the rays of historic truth upon the footprints of the great people who taught them both how to make war and how to govern. Several fragments of glass and pottery, some of them of unsual types, have been found. On a hill to the south of the Rede-water, and con fronting that on which the Roman camp stands, are distinct traces of an ancient British fortification. Nu merous circular dwellings are enclosed in earthworks of considerable magnitude and complexity. We can easily conceive with how much anxiety and jealousy the tenants of these opposing encampments would eye each other. The excavations are going on steadily, and other discoveries are expected. DISCOVERY OF SAXON COINS. THE discovery of coins and bars of silver at Scotby is a very interesting circumstance. They were proba bly the property of the " moneyer," or mint-master of this district, for there is no question that a mint existed here shortly after the Conquest, and the pro bability is that it had existence before. In the 31st year of the reign of Henry 1., the burgesses of Carlisle rendered account of one hundred shillings for the " Old Farm of the Silver Mine ;" and in the same year William and Hildred accounted for £40., " For the Farm of the Silver Mine for the year past." Again, in the 4th year of the reign of Henry IL, William the son of Erembald, accounted for one hundred marks of silver for the"" Farm of the Mine ;" and in the first year of Richard 1., under the heading of " The Mine of Carlisle," Adan, the nephew of Rodin, accounted for £249 16s. 11d., for the " Old Farm ;" " Alan the Moneyer," for £lOO of the farm of that year ; and William, son of Erembald, for £2,155 6s. Bd., of the " Mine of Carlisle," for years past in which he held it. These items clearly show that there were silver mines in the neighbourhood of oldstanding, and. a "moneyer," or mint-master. Yet, although the freshness of the coins now found, and the bars accompanying them, would seem to indicate that they must have been coins remaining in the hands of the moneyer, and not in circulation, there is nothing to show that any of them were actually coined at Carlisle—at least so far as the superscriptions have been published. On the contrary, one bears on it decisiVe evidence of its coin age at another place. A contemporary has published the superscriptions of six of them, among which one runs as follows :—Obverse—" }Ethelstan Rex Brle." Reverse—" Abba Mon. Legec. F." The latter is erroneously read by him, " Abba moneta Legec fait," —"The money of a place called Abba, coinedby Legec." It is clearly Abba Monetarius Legecestrencis fecit ; in English, "Abba the Moneyer of Chester made this." It was, therefore coined at Chester ; and in all proba bility immediately after, perhaps on occasion of, the successes of Athelstan over the Welsh and other petty powers, which gave him the sovereignty of the whole kingdom. The superscription on the obverse, if rightly given, may perhaps be explained on this supposition : —The word Brle may be an abbreviation of the words "Britannw Longe ;" and if so, the superscription would read, " Athelstan, King of all Britain." It is well known that he so styled himself after subduing the 'DARD. Welsh and Scots. It is very desirable that the whole of the coins should be carefully examined by some competent person, as also the bars. There may be marks on the latter.—Carlisle Patriot. LITERARY EXTRACTS. THE RUSSIAN MILITARY JESTER.—The Russians have discovered a martial stimulus unknown to the Western nations :---" There is often a buffoon attached to each company, who amuses his comrades by his jests and his antics, and is generally a great favourite. On one occasion in the Caucasus, when the troops were driven back by the eircassians, the buffoon was wounded, and left behind. A favourite jest of his had been to crow like a cock, and as he lay on the ground, he thought of the only way to save himself, and crowed. This had such an effect on his comrades that they rallied, charged again, and saved him."— Seymour' s " Russia." THE NAUTICAL SKILL OF THE RussuNs.---Ilax thausen is quoted to show that Cruys and Byng would have been esteemed in Russia, where the example of Golovin is followed---the admiral who said it was his rule never to fight unless he had three Russian ships to engage two Swedes. Clearly, the maritime forces of the empire are yet in embryo. At Sevastopol there was an outcry against the English engineers of the steam-vessels, and the Emperor consented to appoint a Russian on trial, who took a steamer out to sea, and damaged her machinery so much after a few hours, that she was towed into port again by another steamer sent out to fetch her. The Emperor then said that he would continue to employ the English until his own people were really able to undertake their duties.— Seymour's " Russia." LITERATURE FOR CHILDHOOD. Facts cannot civilise ; but imagination, which sets all the generous feelings of the young into motion, and which com mences its work at the mother's knee, is the first humaniser. Heroism of the best kind has grown out of children's old tales, such as, in the earlier stage, " Jack the Giant-Killer," and the " Seven Champions of Christendom." I can believe that these fabulous heroes have been fighting for glorious battles. I entertain a temporary Pythagorean creed. Cinderella and the damsels rescued by the Champions have tamed many a young savage. The boy who, in his dreams, has never fought a giant, nor saved a lovely maiden from a dragon, never will make a true man. The well-developed man has borrowed from the tenderness of a motherly-instructed childhood. The chivalric spirit is the worker of civilisation. Let facts sink into the earth, or die upon its surfaee like rotten leaves, if they are accumulated and enforced into young minds to the exclusion of generous fictions, that, promoting love and valour, become by-and-by noble truths. No, Eusebius. " Once upon a time," at a mother's knee, and afterwards under the flickering light and shade of a secret place in a greenwood, is the real talisman, the " Open Sesame" by which excellent virtues enter young minds : the rock of the heart opens to the words. Let not facts smother the age of heroism.... Blackwood . AMERICAN LADIES BATHING.- --I was greatly amused, the following morning, observing the ladies bathing, for as they are attired for the double purpose, as I pre sume, of bathing and being seen, there is no impro priety whatever in looking at the fair creatures in the water. The garments worn on these occasions are of the gayest colours, consisting of a Bloomer kind of costume, in which the upper part contrasts strongly with the lower. The head is generally surmounted by a quaintly-shaped white cap, which seems to have made a deep impression on the author of a poem on Nahant, who says,--- " Still where the sea beats on the shore, I sit and drink its music in— The music of its thunder-roar, And watch the whitecaps swirling o'er, The blue waves restless evermore." In truth, it is a stranze scene ; and does not abate in interest when the ladies emerge from the water, in their gaudy costumes, exhibiting trousers of all colours, and countless pairs of little white feet, twinkling on the sand. This early bathing must be as conducive to health as it is to an exhilaration of spirits ; for, during my travels, I saw no ladies with such glowing complexions as those at Nahant. In the words of an American enthusiast, " They come down to breakfast