The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-11-20 00:00:00

OBSERVANCE OF THE SABBATH. The following has been addressed to the Directors of Corn• panics, whose regulations infringe on the rest of the Sab bath, and the editor of the STANDARD is requested to give it a place in his columns : Liverpool, Nov. 16th, 1838. We, the undersigned, painfully convinced of the growing contempt fur the authority of God, exhibited in the desecra tion of the Lord's day, feel it an imperative duty to make a public protest against certain proceedings with which this town is connected. No country has been blessed with more eminent prosperity than England, and no town in England has had a larger share of prosperity than Liverpool; the greater, therefore. are our obligations to the Giver of all goodness, the heavier are our responsibilities for the improvement of these advan tages, and if under such obligations and responsibilities we • should shrink from raising our testimony against proceed ings which insult the Majesty of Heaven and disgrace the morality of a Christian land, we should be careless of our country's welfare, as well as false to that Saviour whose name, as Christians, we profess to bear. It has pleased God, who so loved the world that Ilegave His only begotten Son to die for our sins, to command that one day in seven shall be set apart, in order that man may both rest from bodily labour, and also give his mind in an especial manner to the worship and service of God and the concerns of his eternal peace. The Sabbath, therefore, is an appointment of Divine love and benevolence, but it is like wise a command. Not less in Sovereign Majesty than in tender love, God has expressely commanded—" The seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God in it thou shalt not du any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates ; that thy man-servant and thy maid-servant may rest as well as thou."—Deut. v. 14. Wherefore it is not depen dant on individual inclination or convenience whether we accept or decline the proffered boon of a day of rest; the honour of the Divine Lawgiver is involved, so that if the Sabbath be not received as a blessing, it must be observed as a command, and it is at the peril of doing dishonour to the Lord, and bringing condemnation on his own soul, that any one dares to nullify this divine appointment. Viewaai in this light, the deliberate profanation of the Sab bath becomes a direct insult on our God and Saviour. It is, moreover, a fearful criterion of alienation of heart and re bellion against God, inasmuch as this observance has been declared to be an evidence and proof of allegiance to God : —" I gave them my Sabbath to be a sian between the and them, that they might know that I am the Lord that sanctify them."—Ezek. xx. 12. If such be the case under any eircumstances,what an alarm ing aspect does the desecration of the Sabbath assume, when it emanates not from the private and personal agency of indi viduals., but from the combined operation of public and asso ciated bodies; the guilt then acquires a national character, indicates a national defiance of the Most High; and it be. comes the ministers of a national church to stand forward and resist its desolating progress. We rio not deny that in some respects the observance of the Lord's-day by individuals has isupioved of late years— but late Nears have seen the contrary evil exhibit the charac ter of a more determined defiance of God than has been dis played in individual transgression. e speak of the open, deliberate, and systematic violation of the day of Gad by puidic bodies, associated for combined exertion and mutual co-operation in matters of commerce. It is the avowed, de termined, regularly appointed desecration of the Lord's-day by the established regulations of the Railaay, Steam-packet, and other companies in this town, that calls forth the present protest : and we exhort the parties implicated to reflect, that whatever influence they hold in their private and personal relationals, whatever weight they possess from individual character, as well as whatever importance they have acquired by combined commercial ea-operation, t hese are allemployed in giving sanction to an open and deliberate violation of the law of God. Recent occurrences furnish but too painful an indication of the progress of evil complained of. We allude (and we do so with feelings of the strongest and mist decided animad version) first to the public profanation of the Sabbath, when not long since an Ambassador from the French Court visited this place. On that occasion a Govern went vessel was eicially provided for Sabbath day's excursion, and a rail road train extraordinary kept in waiting for the convenience of the party, to the still further desecration of the Lord's day; and, secondly, to the proceedings which took place on board the " Liverpool" steam-packet, during its late experi mental trip to Dublin—proceedings which can be 'designated by no milder term than a reproach to a Christian community. The collecting a crowd on the Sabbath by posting hills, the public exhibition of the vessel by the sale of admission tickets, the public dinner and consequent excitement so 'repugnant to the sanctity of the holy day, not to mention the vessel's de.paiture on her way home—all these proceedings on the Sabbath are so offensive to all Christian feeling and so utterly at variance with the commands of God, that we feel bound to protest against them in the moat absolute and unqualified manner. The plea_ upon which the deliberate and habitual violation of the Sabbath by public companies is defended, is, that commercial expediency and the convenience of the public render the regulations complained of absolutely necessary. This, though the most specious, is in truth the mist untenable ground upon which the matter can be placed—for it is as much as to maintain that because the public determine to oppose God's cotninand, by pursuing their business or their pleasure beyond the limits which He has wisely assigned, therefore we are not merely justified in sanctioning, but ale positively under an ohligation to expedite their unlawful traffic or amusement. But can the convenience of the crea ture fur a moment stand in competition with the command of the Creator? can any possitile amount of commercial expe diency justify a deliberate violation of the laws of the living God? or, are the interests of this life to supersede the glory of the Divine Redeemer and man's everlasting interests in the life to come? That there is guilt, very heavy guilt, is but too palpable, nor does the sanction of a company lessen the amount of lia bility resting upon the individuals concerned. The collective agency of an associate body does not in any measure dimin iso individual responsibility; " Every one of us .shall give account of himself to God." Neither let it be forgotten that besides individual, there is a national guilt attaching to these practises, whereby the long-suffering of God is provoked, and the judgm,nt4 of his severe displeasure called down upon our land; "Mv Sabbaths they greatly polluted, then 1 said would pout out my fury upon them in the wilderness to con sume them."—Ezek. xx. 13. We, therefore, as clergymen of the Church of Eng land, and ministers of that Gospel which secures "glory to Go I in the highest, and ~u earth peace, good will, towards men," protest, most unequivocally, against the past proceedings, and the existing regulations of public companies, whereby dishonour is done to the glory of Goil, interruption is occasioned to the peace of the Sab bath, and hindrance offered to the salvation of men; — and most earnestly entreat that measures may be imme diately and effectually devised to put a stop to practices so absolutely indefensible in their own character, so dis hot,ourable to the professing Christians of our country, and so full of unspeakable peril to the souls of all by whom they are now patronised and continued. T. TA - TTEnstiALL, D.D. Minister of St. Augustme's Everton. HUGH McNEILE, M.A. Minister of St. Jude's Church. R. P. BUDDICOM, M.A. Minister of St. George's, Evertcn. FREDERICK BARKER, B.A. Incumbent of St. Mary's, Edge Hill. W. MAYNARD, B.A. Minister of the Mariner's Church. FIELDING OULD,' B.A. Minister of Christ Church. . CHARLES \V. LAWRENCE. Chaplain of SI. Luke's Church. HENRY CARPENTER, B.A. • Minister of St. Michael's Church. ROBERT DAVIES, M.A. MMister of St. David's Church. JOHN ELLISON BATES, M.A. Assistant Minister of St. Bride's. RICHARD DAVIES. M.A. Citrate of s'. David's. DAVID JAMES, Minister of St. Mary's, Kirkdale. ANDREW KN ()X, Perpetual Curate of St. Maly's, Birkenhead, Cheshire. WILLIAM J. PURDON, Incumbent of St. Anne's, Aigburth. PRINCE CRAWFORD, M.A. Curate of St. Murk's. J. R. CONNOR. M.A. Curate of Christ Church, & Chaplain to Lord Downes. H. S. JOSEPH, Chaplain cif the Workhouse. JAMES KELLY, M.A. Minister of St. Simon's. A. McCONKEY, M.A Minister of All Saints. THOMAS BYRTII, M A ,P.A.S. Rector of Wallasey. DUTIES ON WEST INDIA SUGARS. TO TLIL•' EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL SKIMMED. Stu,—A s probably you may he aware the additional duty imposed upon West India sugarS during the war, and thence called the ("war duty,") which wasto have been withdrawn in peace, has certainty thereto continued up to the present time, and with which the West India planter has had to strug gle during many years of the'agnation for negro emancipation, and at the same time to labour under the disadvantage of other nations illicitly carrying on the slave trade, after Eng land had abolished it in all her dependencies; these, it may be conceived, were grievances of considerable magnitude—. still the plantar has been doomed to suffer aggravated hard ship, and may with truth aid manifest injury by the unpin vglked agitmion, which- has sad-the effect of frustrating the prospect ive arrangements on his estate, and robbing him, on cite Ist Of August last, of what he . was legally entitled to by act of parliament ;nail 1840. Though he were patiently to endure the wrong, and bear up against these multiplied hard ships, are the legislature and executive less culpable, in withholding timely and commensurate redress. It does ap pear tome, that the planter is most reasonably entitled to an immediate and ample reduction of duty, and without which, I fear there is little chance for the West India planter con tinuing his cultivation at the rate of wages as the late ap- Pventices are demanding. It is also of the utmost importance that government should relieve the refiners from the suspense "I its latent intention, relative to the drawback, which oper ates most injuriously, by restricting and limiting the refiner within the bounds of the hurtful caul inn it imposes. and tends to puce the retinin , trade in the hands of foreigners; and also prevents refining sugars finding their adequate value in the Mal ket, and that to() at the tune the West India planters need the utmost relit us. I am intormed, sir, !hat there is an associat ion of West India PoTrietors in Liverpool; if so, I think they will deem it ea Petfient t o call a public meeting to consider and resolve ult«n a memorial to government to reduce the duty on sugar Ifis., at all events to the extent of the addition imposed in the war—and it would be advisable to petition at the same ciao) for a mail steamer to be stationed at New York, in con_ t iction with those from England, to convey letters to and from the West Indies in the least possible tune. Such a (: :"Iveyance, even were it for government despatches alone, front those islands, must be of the utmost importance at this i lt nettire, when the successful transition, to freedom must `""inly depend upon the energy and promptitude of the home ) government in applying all requisite incentives thereto. If government be able to contract with private individuals for clutvetanct), all well, but no delay should be suffered in ac "l'ildishing this desirable object. _ has often occurred to me with what great advantage alone of our convicts (a limited number) might have been sent out to the West Indies. especially Jamaica, to make good roads —to drain all the marshy grounds—and open the dense masse s of forests; where unhealthy vapours are generated— and thus in time, make Jamaica, anti the other islands, as healthy as any part of the world. I shall be glad, if by in sertion of this letter, You succeed in drawi ng th e a tt ent i on of the p art i es interested to this matter. A WEST INDIA PLANTER. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sfri,—As the tw o men, named in the statement, entitled Conduct," winch appeared in the Liverpool Times of Tuf-sdav last, have been by some p-rson, supposed tO tle zpreoi s „i" the above society, on account of their saying that they were employed by a "society whose object was to g!ipnress vice, and reclaim females of bad character," vthit.h;,liy I he- way, I apprehend, was merely rt , :sumed as an exciise fo r being found in such disgraceful circumstances; 't9l yot!, IhgrNj•,,re%kindly pprmit rue, through the medium of tour ita per:to state, that those disorderly tutu neither are, 1191 .vver ialre,,vvutlteit ; with lit “tivbriiuol Society for re- ; t : claiming Unfortunate Females," the management of which, the public are aware, is conducted by persons whose respect. ability and discretion would not allow such characters to be engaged, although, as is the ease, the meritorious, praise worthy, and laborious agents are gratuitous? The society, which has only been about eight months organized, has effected much real good; its simple, but very impressive plans of treatment have, so far, been remarkably successful. And it has not failed to obtain the approbation and support of every person who has investigated its operations, and wit nessed the happy effects produced in the minds and charac ters of those who have been induced to submit themselves to its salutary influence. Already sixty-three females have been taken, by this society, "off the streets"—whilst a vast number, besides, have been faithfully warned and expostu fated with in their nocturnal walks, and, doubtless, with con siderable effect; and others, wbo h ave b een i n t h e soc i ety ' s lodgings, and have only borne the discipline for a few days, will have left with impressions on their minds not to be easily defaced. Of the sixty-three reclaimed, nine have been hap pily restored to their friends; ten are earning a creditable livelihood for themselves; sixteen are at service, giving gra tifying satisfaction in their places; two have died sincere penitents; twenty-three are, at present, in the society's lodgings, and three have been placed in the hospital: and this very gratifying result will doubtless increase in the pro portion of the continued support given to the society, by a generous, sympathising, and public-spirited community. I am, &c., JOS. BANNING, Assistant Sec. to the Sucie Liverpool, Nov. 16, 1838. LIVERPOOL MECHANICS' INSTITUTION LECTURES ON ASTRONOMY. On Wednesday evening Mr. John Wallis delivered his seventh lecture. It may seem strange to those not accustomed to these sort of investigations to comprehend how we arrive at the quan tity of matter contained in the sun, but the process is very simple. The fall of a body towards the earth is the measure of its gravity, and the deflection of the moon from the tan gents of the earth is the amount of gravitation which the earth exercises upon the moon, at that distance. By this means we can weigh the sun against the earth, and tell how much more material there is in the sun than in the earth. We find that if in one second of time the moon by the earth's at traction is deflected to the amount of ens the earth in the same time is deflected by the sun, 2,209. Now, as the suit is 400 times the distance of the moon, it will attract as though it were made of material as other bodies, but the diminuti on of its attracti o n w i ll b e as th e square of that number. We therefore multiply 400 by 400, which gives us 160,000, and this being again multiplied by 2,209, the amount of time earth's deflection when compared with the moon, we get 355,000 as the mass of the s un. By th ese means we find that the den sity of the sun on the average, is no more than the density of water. In the same manner we can obtain the mass of all the planets which are attended b% satellites. Parallax has supplied us eith a means of determining the distance of the sun anti moon, and, of course. curiosity very soon asked men whether it would not. be possible to determine the distance of the other celestial bodies, namely, the stars. But we find that our baseline of 8,000 miles is of no use what ever in determining the distance of these fixed stars, and ac cordingly we do not know the distance of any of these stars. This was urged as a superlative objection to the Copernican system, because if it was true we could make use of the whole diameter of the orbit of the earth as a base line to determine the distance of these stars, as it would subtend an angle of 17 seconds of the distance of the sun, and yet we find that a di ameter of 190 millions of miles subtends no angle at all in re ference to the fixed stars. They consequently have no pa rallax. If any fixed star subtended an angle of a second, (and it does not) such star would be 180,000 times the dis tance of the sun from the earth. Now, light moves at the rate of 192 thousand of miles in a second of time, therefore a ray of light would be three years and 17 days in proceeding from one of these fixed stars to the earth. We are acquainted with many millions of stars fixed, and they cannot all be at the same distance from us. We are not aware that any stars sic nearer us than the rest, but Dr. Bradley, in conjunction with Mr. Molyneux, endeavoured to set the question at rest with respect to the Copernican hypothesis, and to discover a pa rallax in the fixed stars. Dr. Bradley saw that these obser vations should be made ppon stars which go but a very little distance from the zenith. Ile had two reasons fir this, that if there was an annual parallax, he would be nearer their plane, and he would not be troubled by the refraction of the atmosphere. Mr. Molyneux reisded at Kew, near London. Dr. Bradley was engaged on a visit to Mr. Molyneux, and joined him in making these ohservatious. They observed some stars in Draco, and after a few nights thought, they perceived th a t th e star di d not pass at the same point in the zenith, as it did when they first began to observe it. At first they attributed this circumstance to some errors of the instru ment, but after allowing for all errors, they found a continual motion in the passage of the star across the zenith. But it happened in a direction contrary to what it ought to have been, if the star had been subject to annual parallax. Observing these stars, therefore, in the course of three months they thought that they found that the star had made a quarter of a circle; and carrying on their observatioos for some time they found that, in six months the star had ap peared to describe a semicircle. Dr. Bradley had left Mr. Molyneux, but his curiosity was so much excited that he had a zenith sector constructed with great care, and after cart's ing on his observations, found that those stars near the pole of the ecliptic which he had been observing, described a small circle of about 20 seconds radius in the course of a year, and returned to the same position as when first observed. Now here was an observed motion. It was not in the direc tion of an annual parallax, but here you will see to what an unexpected result the sagacity of Dr. Bradley led, namely, more complete confirmation of motion of the earth in its orbit, than if he hail found the stellar parallax. Dr. Bradley call s this the aberrati o n o f li g ht . W e katoar that if we were to di rect a telescope towards any object, and we were motionless, we should see it as it is, but if the telescope were itself moving we should no longer see the object where it is. Supposing, for instance, a sportsman to see - a bird perched above him upon a tree, if he aim directly at the bird he will hit it, but if the bird be upon the wing he must aim where the bird is not, in order that when the bird gets there he may hit it. The same will hold true with anything, when the light is passing over any space and we ourselves are moving. We observe that light moves with ten times the rapidity of the earth in its orbit. This was discovered by Reautnur, by the occultation of the Satellites of Jupiter. Let the velocity of light be what it will, it is an absurdity to suppose that .ny body can pass over any space in no time. We therefore get in this circumstance a proof of the annual motion of the earth round the sun, w his is, in fact, the only ;is it is the most con clusive one which we possess; conclusive, because every star in the universe supplies us with a distinct and unique confir mation of the saute fact. Light occupies 8, 1 , minutes in pass ing from the sun to our eves, therefore if the sun were blotted out, or concealed by anything at its surface, we should see the sun shining 8,1 minutes afterwards. But if the sun were rekindled we should mint see it again for 84 minutes. But if a fixed star were annihilated it would still continue shining for 3 years and 17 days afterwards, so that upon looking at the universe around us we are not sure that it exists or nut. The fixed stars become most impoi taut to the practical astro nomer, and it is fortunate that they have not annual parallax. They serve, therefore, (as they seem to retain their relative places among themselves,) as a reference in the artificial di vision of time celestial globe, by great circles. A very simple mode of computing longitude at sea is by observing the oc cultation of Jupiter's Satellites. Mr. Wallis concluded by explaining the cause of the phenomena called the harvest moon, which he said was merely occasioned by the moon's positton ia the ecliptic, and not by any extraordinary move tnent in the moon herself. On Wednesday evening, Mr. Haydon delivers his firs lecture upon painting. LAWS OF HEALTH. Dr. Thorburn delivered a long and interesting lecture, in oductory t o a course o f l ectures on Physiology and the aws of Health, on the evening of Ft iday last, in the Theatre of the Medical Institution, corner of Hope-street, Liverpool. At least a third of the audience consisted of ladies: we counted upwards of sixty. The doctor discussed his subject popularly, and potsesseri the audience with clear ideas of the science. - He illustrated its objects with their laws. The understanding of every topic touched upon was simplified, by a constant reference to drawings, diagram s , caste, and a series of beautiful plates. In a way for which we were un- . prepared, Dr. T. showed the range of the objects, their lin port ant-uses, and boundless associations of PhysiolOgy, which is the science of huMan nature. The audiehee marled their appreciation of the applications of which a knowledge ofthe laws of human nature admits of to the every day pursuits of families and nations. A knowledge of man was useful to statesmen, man being the object for whose protection or ad vantage all acts of legislation were passed. All blundering, defective, and injuirous legislation is traceable to the igno rance of human nature and the laws of health, which physi ology explains. The laws of digestion and thought, the physiology of singing and speaking, the passions and emo tions, &c.. were illustrated. Physiology was useful to every member of society. It was particularly so to all who might have to serve as jurors. The popular demand for "national education" was adverted to. Man should be looked at as he was, and not as visionaries and demagogues would have him to be. Physiology taught us the actual nature of loan under the existing influences and temptations to which a fallen nature through disobedience had exposed hint. Ilere the lecturer's illustrations were highly successful. Knowledge of our structure, and of the laws of our functions, suggested the necessity of self-denial. The operation of the principle of antagonism was ever apparent in the human body. The moral and intellectual appetites balance those of the gross and sensual, or animal desires. Apply the inference from such facts to the cry for national education: unless mankind was educated morally and religiously, mere scientific educa tion would prove a curse - in - stead of an advantage to society. Instigated by revenge or. avarice, unless restrained by the antagonising feeling inseparable from their moral and reli gious feelings roused into action by moral and religious in struction, men would have little or no scruple in abusing their scientific information and making it :observe the grati fication of their most unhallowed desires. By acquaintance with the science and art of chemistry, an immoral and reck less community would be enabled to select poisons to remove an enemy, or to get possession of property; and this in a way so guarded and secret, as to defeat the ends of justice : such doubts might be thrown on the evidence against them, that every conscientious jury insist return a verdict of acquittal. This was not the view of an alarmist : occurrences of this nature had been experienced. Our own rights and those of our feliownien are often assailed; people are often plundered of their property by conspiracies which conid not be surcess ful if men studied the science of human nature. Many a one had been deprived of freedom, and confined in a private madhouse, on unseal charges Of lunacy; people had been sent to asylums on the strength of certificates Irons what are called "road-doctors," and which mad-doctors, in the way of reprisals, should have been made to change places with tiieir comparattvely more sane patients. Popular physiology would expose or defeat nearly every kind of quackery and imposture, to which people in a state of unacquaintauce with it were exposed. The other lectures which are to follow are to he delivered each Friday evening, at eight o'clock, in the 'Medical Insti tution They are addressed to the members, and suppoiters from the public, of the Literary, Scientific, and Commercial Institution. UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. ELECTION OF LORD RECTOR—minim OF CONSERVATISM. (From the Scutti,h Guardian, of Friday.) The election of Lord Rector took place yesterday. The votes in the different nations stood as follow: Duke of Sussex. S►r James Graham. Glottiana 99 .. 126 Rothseyana 3B 40 73 'cransforthana 3l .. 33 Loudoniana 39 .. 46 Majority for Sir James Graham 75 TOTAL LOSS OF AN IRON STEAM VESSEL—By accounts from ii amburgh, of the 29;11., we iearn, that the new iron steam-boat, the. Favle, lately built in this country and des tined to ply o❑ the Elbe, between Hamburgh and Dresden, went down in a violent storm ou the niibt of the 26th ult., near Amelank. The crew were saved in a pilot-boat. and arrived safely in Harnbuigh. The vessel had onlyieft Yar mouth the pteceding Thursday. ,During her voyage out she filled . . ►o ninth with water as to extinguiib • aie- hre of the eagiuo....4ltofie, Tueday•elteitung, THEATRE-ROYAL, LIVERPOOL. The Public is respectfully informed that Mr. HENRY BETTY, Son of William Henry West Betty, Esq., cele brated in former years as the youn : z Buscius, is engaged for FIVE NIGHTS, and will wake his second appearance heir This Evening. r n HIS present TUESDAY, November 20, will be per formed the popular Tragedy, writte❑ by the the Rev, ➢lr. Home, called DOUGLAS. Young Norval ltr. Henry Betty. Lord Randolph Wr. Chaplin. Glenalvon Mr. Stuart. Lady Randolph Miss Cleaver. To conclude with the Play Of THE CASTLE SPECTRE. Earl Osmond Mr. Stuart. Earl Percy Earl Reginald Mr. Chaplin. Father Phillip Mr. Baker. Hassan Mr. Gray. Angela Miss Faucit. Evelina Miss Cleaver. On WEDNESDAY, the Tragedy of ALEXANDER THE GREAT. Alexander, Mr. Henry Betty; Clytus, Mr. Gray; Hephestion, Mr. W. Howard; L)simachus, Mr. W. H. Bland; Cassandcr, Mr. Chaplin; Roxana, Miss Cleaver; Statira, Miss Faucit. To conclude with the Co medy of the HONEY MOON. Duke Amnia, Mr. Stuart ; Rolando, Mr. W. Howard; Montalban, Mr. W. H. Bland ; Juliana, Miss Faucit; Volaute, Mrs. 'Pellet; Zamora, Miss Cleaver. TO CORRESPONDENTS The address on the "Observance of the Sabbath" could not be postponed till Friday, without interfering with our ar rangements for the despatch of the Standard by the early mails. It was in type when tte request was made. The remainder of our Literary Notices shall appear in cur next, in which we shall endeavour to find room for an ex tract from the iute:esting volume of tales and sketches by Mrs. Clarke. An accident, (the falling out of four columns of type,) pre vented us from going to press on Friday at twelve, agree ably to our promise on Tuesday last. Ebe tibtrpool TUESDAY MORNING, NOV. 20, 1838 SPAIN.—THE QUEEN'S SPEECH AT THE OPENING OF THE CORTES.—On the Bth instant the Queen of Spain went through the ceremony of opening the Cortes. The speech was, in consequence of late occurrences in the capital, invested with an unusual degree of inte rest. The crowd was very considerable in the streets leading from the Palace to the Chamber of Deputies, and the interior of the legislative hall was thronged with men of all classes, and ladies elegantly dressed. The Queen Regent having ascended the throne, de livered in a faint voice the following speech, which was listened to in religious silence by the assembly: " I am rejoiced to find myself among you, at the moment when you are about resuming your legislative labours, and trust that you will gi% e me the same proofs of that enlightened zeal for the public welfare which you afforded ore during the last session. " The treaty of the 22d of April, 1834, concluded between the Queen (King) of Great Britain, the King of the French, the Queen of Portugal, and myself, remains still in force, and the relations of amity which unite the throne of !he Queen of Spain with the other powers, by whom it has been acknowledged, continue on the most satisfactory footing. "I feel the greatest pleasure in announcing to the Cortes that the Sublime Porte has recognised the rights of my august daughter, and my heart is peculi arly gratified by the part which my powerful ally, the Queen of Great Britain, took in the success of that negociation. ; `Knowing that our enemies receive succours, fur nished by powers who have not recognised my august daughter as Queen of Spain, 1 have instructed my re• presentatives at the allied Courts to claim their formal mediation to prevent hereafter those violations of the law of nations. " Since the unfortunate issue of the siege of Morella, fortune has shown itself less propitious to our arms; but 1 confidently trust that the valour, constancy, and good disciplin e of our army will lead us again to vie fort'. I indulge the hope that you will approve the levy of 40,000 men and the requisition of ly , rss, lately decreefl with,,nt your participation, on account of the urgency of circumstances. "It will be necessary to complete various important laws, which could not be voted last session, and which are intended to adapt the interior administration of the state to the existing constitution. Among those on which you will be called again to decide, I recommend to you the bill for regulating the power s and attributes of the municipal councils and of the provincial deputa tions, as also those relative to public instruction and charitable institutions. "The difficulty of calculating the effects likely to be produced by the writings which are daily published is a reason why such constant efforts are made to revise the laws for regulating the press. If such laws be ne cessary at all times, this ►want of them must necessa rily be more keenly felt in times of civil contentions. For this powerful iuoti►e I recommend to your mature examination a bill that will be submitted to you on that important subject. "The brave National Guard discharges throughout the kingdom, with perseverance i.nd discipline, the or dinary service for which it has beet! instituted, and en gages with eagerness and courage in the pursuit of the rebels. Nevertheless, its organisation requires to be improved, and a bill to that effect will be presented to you this session. " The events of the war have shown the necessity for attending, even at the price of the greatest sacri fices, to the preservation and the increase of the navy, which vies ►with the land forces in endeavours to up hold the constitutional throne. " I have directed that the vessels of ►war now in the arsenals be immediately fitted out for service. A bill for the organisa►ion of the navy shall be presented to you, in order that you may provide for present, as well as future contingencies. "Trade experiences evils, which are the conse quences of the situation of the country. It is ex tremely urgent to introduce into the code now in force the changes for which experience has shown the ne cessity. My government will lay before you a bill to that effect, and, at a later period, submit to your deli beration a new commercial code. " Our transatlantic provinces continue to enjoy the most perfect tranquillity, and I receive every fresh pledge of loyalty from their inhabitants. The com mittees appointed in those provinces for the purpose of drawing up the special laws by which they are hereafter to be governed, agreeably to the constitu tion, are prosecuting their labours with a praiseworthy assiduity. " My government, having been authorised to effect sevet•al important ameliorations in the administration of justice, directs and accelerates with that view the execution of the works already commenced, and al thongh those works could not, from their nature, be as y et completed, the measures most urgently required by the state ofaffairs in the transition from one system of legislation to another have been adopted after mature consideration. My government will take care to communicate in due time to the Cortes the result of its deliberations on the reforms to be introduced into this branch of the administration, which has been of late the object of its constant attention. " The public revenues become daily more inade quate to the expenditure; and the extraordinary re sources which the last legislature so generously grant ed my government to cover the existing deficit it has been found impossible yet to realise. My govern ment has been incessantly occupied in devising means to surmount those difficulties. "In addition to the general budget of the state, those of our American provinces will be submitted to you for the first time, and my government, in its sohaitude, will propose to you the extraordinary . theans it will consider practicable to provide for the public expendi ture, which the former revenues were insufficient to cover. "Immediately after the different works in progress for improving as much as possible the condition of the national and foreign holders of our securities shall have been terminated they will be submitted to your exa. mination. It is only by restoring public credit that we can find the means that are absolutely necessary for the expenditure of the state, and specially to ad minister to the wants of that valiant army which con tends with so much glory for that noble cause defended by the nation, and I trust this will be the principal ob ject jof your solicitude in the present session. It is under the standard of my august daughter Isabella IL that is to be found the safety of the constitutional throne. Let us save it, and with the assistance of Divine Providence let us hasten to place under her banner the olive-branch of peace, the only symbol of our future prosperity." This speech being read, the session of the Cortes for 1838 was declared open, and her Majesty, giving her hand to her august daughter, quitted the hall, and returned to the palace with the same ceremonies. The purport of the preceding document is lament. ab in the highest degree. The only cheerful an nouncement which it contains, from beginning to end, is, the intimation that the Grand Turk has acknow• ledged the title of Isabella to the throne of Spain. Respecting the issue and prospects of the sanguinary warfare with the Carlists not one word of encourage ment is uttered. The financial affairs of Spain seem also to be in an equally deplorable condition. Its commerce is also suffering. Altogether the picture of Spain, exhibited in this speech, is of the most gloomy and hopeless character. Such is the result of a liberalised system of policy. THE CORPORATION POPERY SCHOOLS.—The more we reflect on this subject, the greater is our astonish ment and indignation at the foul affront the " iiberal" corporation of this town has put upon its Protestant population by the introduction of an experimental sys tem of edueation, possessing the damning. recommen ,dation orbeingianctibned by a priesthood. But why, let us ask, do Protestants tolerate the And we call upon our Protestant fellow -townsmen 'o use their power, for "is there not a cause?" What! shall it be said that, in this Christian land, Popery established her first firm footing in the good old town of Liverpool, by the expulsion of the Bible from her schools, and by substituting in its stead the Roman Breviary, with all its mummery and idolatry ? Shall the buds that were swelling and germinating un der the genial warmth and light of the Gospel, be suffered to dwindle and decay under the blasting and pestilential influence of the expounders of Den's Theology, the upholders of the mass, and the suppressors of the Bible ? Let every Protestant who has children make the case his own, and then let him say, would he feel satisfied to have his offspring educated in a seminary in which the standard of Christianity is lowered and degraded to the same level with books that teach idolatry, which repudiate and reject the plainest and most essential points of Christian faith, and which thus make null and void that testament which has the seal of the Sa viour's blood as its warrant ? No, assuredly he would not ; and, therefore, an awful responsibility imposes itself on him, to exert himself to dispel inrection and contagion from the atmosphere in which his poorer brethren's children are taught. While the brilliant and steady light emitted by the Bible, shone from the beacon of protestant ism, and cast its beams in all directions over the dark, .delusive, and turbid systems that dashed against, and foamed at its base—many were the errant, and shattered and al most sinking vessels, that, bearing up for its friendly guidance, found a harbour of refuge in which to repair their injuries, to correct their reckonings, and to receive on board that compass wnich, with faithful ness and accuracy, has pointed them to their destined and desired port. But that sacred light has been re moved, in the instance of Liverpool, by the sacra legions hand of its corporation. The clergy, with one solitary exception, have honestly protested against the infamous and diabolical theft ; an i with a fortitude which nothing but a holy cause could inspire, have re jected every overture and threat that has been held out to induce them to yield to a base, and grovelling, and mongrel species of liberality, that would compro mise the word of life by allowing it to be hashed and minced, so as to suit the depraved palates of those, who dread its potency to dissipate the errors which, as a thick cloud, envelope their systems of human device. Need we direct. the attention of our readers to the dispute that has been now for some time going on be tween the two popish bishops, Mac Hale and Murray, to show them that the corporation schools in this town are amply sufficient for every popish pur pose ? Mac Hale, with a consistency worthy of a better cause, and from Which we would do well to take a lesson, insists, that in the national schools Popery shall be propagated with all its trumpery:—Murray, with a magnanimity second only to that of our Rev. James Aspinall, but with better reason, maintains he has footing enough to enable hi►n to neutralise Pro testantism, and work out signal advantages for the furtherance and spread of his darling Den's Theology. Let Protestants take a lesson from Mac Hale. You believe that the Bible is the gift of the Giver of all Good; suffer, therefore, no mutilation or adulteration of it in your schools; insist on its being an unsealed hook, to captivate the hearts and understandings of the young,—for the Giver has said, " Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not." The clergy have done much, and they have still much to do. This question is a vital one, and should claim their unceasing attention in addressing their sevem al congregations. Let this be thta case, and we opine the day is not far distant when the machinations of Popery will meet with a signal overthrow, by time triumph of a Bible-loving - people. We earnestly liGpe that the Council will to-morrow negativ e the unnecessary and uncalled for measure of building warehouses, and hope that it is needless for us to exhort every conservative to be at his post. Al ready do certain parties connected with warehouses threaten, should this measure ever pass, to lay the parish rat e on a ll stock i n tra d e an d merchant ship ping, without which, as all our readers are aware, nn rate is legal. This scheme being unjust, will set the different interests in prime strife with one another ; instead of working well together, as heretofore, for the prosperity of our noble port and their own mutual advantage. No man can see his way through the dif• ficulties which at this stage on every side surround this measure, but by its immediate and unconditional rejection. SIR GEORGE. ARTIIUR.—In another column will be found a letter from an intelligent and respectable cor respondent, resident in Canada, containing a refu tation of the malignant calumnies of the Whig- Radical press against the excellent Lieutenant- Governor of Upper Canada. The same corre spondent, in a private note accompanying his com munication, dwells with much force upon the de structive interference of Hume and his party in the affairs of Canada, attributing all the atrocities which have been perpetrated in the colony to their influence. The day is, perhaps, not far distant, when this arch traitor and his confederates will be caught in their own snares, and be made to expiate the offences which they have committed against the monarchy and the consti tution of Great Britain. They, together with O'Con nell, we are convinced, will yet find the law too strong for them. CIRCULATION OF THE LIVERPOOL NEWSPAPERS.— Several of our contemporaries have already published extracts from the last returns of the number of stamps issued to the metropolitan and provincial newspapers. We subjoin a comparative statement of the circulation '►f the Liverpool journals for the two periods embraced n the return. The following is a statement of the number of stamps issued to each of the Liverpool papers from the Ist of April to the 30th of June inclusive, together with the weekly average of each : Average of Name of Paper. April. May. June. Public-41,,,t). Mercury 26,00 0....24,000....32,000....6,303 Albion ll,OOO ....12,000....14,000....2,846 Mail 12,00 0... .2 0,000....20,000....4,000 Standard 8,000.... 8,000.... 5,000....1,770 Courier . 9, 000 ....12,000.... 3,000....1,846 Chronicle 8,000.... 8,000.... 8,000.-1,846 Journal 6,000.... Gore's Times Myers' Advtr 5,000.... 4,000.... 4,000.. _l,OOO This statement, supposing that each journal was supplied with the number of stamps required for its bona _fide consumption, will show the amount of circu lation possessed by each during the above quarter. We now proceed to state the number of stamps issued to each during the three months ending on the 30th of September, together with the average weekly circulation of each newspaper : Average of Name of Paper. July. Aug. Sept. Circulation. Mercury 28,000....24,000....32,000....6,461 Albion 13,000.... .....10,000....1,770* Mail ...... 4,000. —12,000.. —12,000. —.2,154 Standard .11,000.... 8,000....2,000 Courier 6,000.... 9,000.... 9,000....1,846 Chronicle 8,000.... 8,000.... 8,000....1,846 Journal .... 9,000.... 9,000....1,384 Gore's Times Myers' Advtr 4,000.... 4,000.... 4,000.... 923 According to these comparative statements, and pro ceeding on our former supposition, that each newspa per has, during each of these periods of three months, only ordered as many stamps as wet e requisite for its consumption, we find that pudent indignity, when they have in their own hands the power of resenting and redressing it, and that too in a manner the most summary ? If the corporation, under false pretences, have pos sessed itself of a trust which it has traitorously be trayed, an obvious and facile course presents itself for remedying the abuse, viz., by hurling the corporate conspirators from the position that has given them the power to be msschievous. This we say is an obvious and easy remedy ;—obvious, inasmuch as madmen, fools, and knaves ought not to be permitted the use of weapons with which they might injure themselves or others ;—and easy, because Protestants are stronger than "the strong man armed," and need but to exer cise their power to bring disgrace and discomfiture on the nest of traitors that are unscrupulously plotting their ruin. The Mercury has increased 153 in weekly circulation. The Mail has decreased 1,846 Ditto. The Standard hasincreased 230 Ditto. Gore's Advertiser decreased 38 Dittn. The Times has decreased 154 Ditto. Myers' Advertiser decreased 77 Ditto. The Courier, Chronicle, and Journal present no variation in the weekly average for the above periods. With respect to the Albion (*) it is but fair to state, that the proprietor has charged the return with inaccu racy, no credit having been given for 13,000 stamps supplied ►n August. Adding these to the above amounts the average circulation of the Albion for the latter three months would be 2,533, showing a de crease of 308. We do not include the Lancashire Herald in our calculations, as the return only includes the first two months of its existence. This would scarcely afford a fair criterion to judge of the amount of its circulation. We have no reason to feel dissatisfied with the posi tion occupied by the Liverpool Standard. The in- crease in our circulation since the enlargement of our journal, though slow, has been steady and progressive. At present it exceeds the average which we have given above. We are happy to hear, that Captain Townley, of the Avon, who is so well known and reswicted on this ;ration, is nominated to the command of the Merlin, the first of the large Admiralty steamers built for this station. ISLE OF MAN STEAM -PACKET COMPANY.—We under stand that the directors of this company have declared another dividend of 10 per cent., which, we doubt not, will prove highly satisfactory to the shareholders, and operate as an inducement to renewed exertions. MR. BLUNDELL'S WILL—The questions raised as to the validity of the bequests to the Vicars Apostolic of the Lon don and Midland districts have been settled to the mutual satisfaction of all parties concerned; so that those gentlemen of the long rube will be disappointed ir, their expectations of a rich harvest of fees. The sum to be received by the bishops is about £70,000. Under the same arrangements the other clerical legacies have been recognised.—Catholic Magazine. THE CHASE.—The Cheshire Hounds will meet on Wed nesday, the 21st, at Cholinondeley•castle; on Thursday, the 22d, at Wreubury; on Saturday, the 24th, at Windmill on Ravensmoor. At half-past tan o'clock.—At r. Leehe's Fox hounds will meet this day, (Tuesday.) the 20th, at Handley ; on Friday, the 23d, at Chorltou-hall; on Sat urday, the 24h, at - Sant-bridge; on Tuesday, the 27th, at Overton-bridge ; on Thursday, the 29th, at Allan Sadler's; ou Saturday, Dec. Ist, at Churtun ; on Tuesday, the 4th, at Worthenburv; on Thursday, the 6th, at Pen y lan; on Saturday, the Sit,, al Hampton-heath. At half-past ten. THE EXCHANGE NEWSROOM.—This room, spacious as it is, having become too small for the accommodation of the nu merous subscribers who frequent it, the Committee have re solved to enlarge it, by taking in the vacant space at the north end. The bar and the master's room are to be thrown to the extreme back, by which a space equal to one-third of the present extent of the room will be gained, and devoted to the use of the subscribers. The alteratious will, we hear, be completed early in the ensuing year. The staircase lead ing to the Underwriters' Room will, when the alterations are made, he from the north end, in the passage leading from Exchange -street East. ARRIVALS AT THE GRAND JUNCTION HOTEL —bliss Fitz , maser, Archdeacon of Kildare, J. Farquerson, Esq., J, Chatntserline, Esq., Captain Sparkee, Mrs. M'lver and Family, Mr. Hamilton Law. Edward Johnston, Esq., J. Richaroson, Esq., W. H. Bernard, Esq., W. Mountjoy, Esq., Captain Dundass, C. Oweus, Esq., Mr. and Mrs. Thompson and Family, Mr. a n:l Mrs. Renshaw and Family. Mr. and Mts. Briskhion, C. H. Barr, Esq., W. Campbell, Esq., Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd and Family, Captain Stanley, H. Cox, Esq., Sir Charles Smith, Major Bourne, C. H. Saudi land, the Lady of Mr. Palliser, Sir .John Cope, Bart., Hon. Captain Poulett, R.N., W. H. Beswick, Esq., the Rev. H, Watling, W. H. Lumley, Esq., C. Holt, Esq. THK RODNEY-STREET MUKDER.—In the Court of Queen's Bench, on Tuesday last, Mr. Wightman, in the case the King v. Calcrof, applied to their lordships to fix a day on which the defendant might come up to receive the judgment of the Court. He had been convicted at the last Liverpool Assizes, of abstracting a witness in a case of murder, and judgment had been passed without the defendant appearing. He was extremely poor, and could not remain in London for any time without very great inconvenience. Lord Den man thought it better that they should adhere to the rule laid down. The application must some on in the form of a mu tints at the end of the term' THE WIDOW of THOMAS PASS Will be recollected, that, at the late disastrous fire, au unfortunate man, named Thomas Pass, was killed by one of the explosions. We are glad to find, that a suhscripoon has been opened for the widow, to which we take the liberty of calling the atten tion of the benevolent. About thirty-six individuals, exclu sive of the master butchers, have already contiibuted. The latter have, collectively, subscribed £l4 10s. Amongst the names we see that of our Chief Magistrate. The total amount received is £24 4s. The poor woman is, of course, exceedingly grateful to those who have stepped forward to aid her its her distress. We hope the sum will be solar augmented as to be of permanent advantage. Priorossn ALTERATION or 'CHANGE Houas.---We men tioued some time ago, that the merchants %vete desirous of abridging the hours of business, the arrival of the London stall in the morning removing all necessity for the long hauls which previously obtained. The mercantile associations have had the subject under consideration, and, -with a view of en forcing an alteration is. 'Change hours, they have suggested, through Mr. Nicol, as their chairman, to the Committee of the Exchange Newsroom the propriety of closing the room, every day, between the hours of four and five o'clock. The Committee have, very properly, declined to give any opinion on the subject, the decision - of which they intend to leave to the subscribers at large. T o obtain that decision, each sub scriber will, in the course of the next month, be requested to sign a voting paper for or against, the proposal, and by the decision of the majority the Committee will, of course, be guided.--Albion, A SEAL KiLLED NEAR SOUTHPORT.—There is now-at the house of Mr. Alcock, Upper Dawson-street, in this town, a seal that was killed, a few days ago, on the shore between Southport and Formby, by three brothers, who are fisher men. This amphibious creature, (with the habits and econo my of which most of our readers are no doubt acquainted,) was diseovesed in the night, by one of the men, in a gut or hollow of the sand, left by the retiring tide ; and as it flew at him, and made its peculiar balking noise, he at first, seeing it but imperfectly, supposed it to be a large whit e d og , an d, in self-defence, struck it with a pole in his hand. His com panions observing the conflict came up to his assistance, and all of them being somewhat alarmed at the formidable ap pearance of so unusual an assailant.they despatched it by blows on the head with their sticks, continued for . a time commen surate with its extraordinary tenacity of life. It is stated that it directed its h o stility a l mos t exclusively against the in dividual who first struck it 'The animal is about four feet in length from the snout to the extensity of the hinder fins or membranes, with which it is provided in lieu of legs, and which are extended backward in the direction of the tail, and are each terminated by five bi-cleft claws, having the appear ance of hands. The head, the nose being whiskered with strong black hair.—resembles that of a bull dog, but with very small ears. The body is round and plump, tapering,— somewhat fish-shaped, —to the tail; and it is covered with a short held hair, partly bristled up, and of the colour of raw silk, Its weight is betweed 50 and &Mts. Mr. Alcock, we understand, purposes having it stuffed, and added to his south' collection of curiosities- in natural history. The seal is, we believe, v ery rare l y seen on t h e shores of Lancashire. ANGLESEY HUNT.—PRESEHVATIoNOF LlFE.—This hunt, during the preceding week, was kept up with unprecedented glee and spirit, and Beaumaris gathered, on the occasion, a large assemblage of the beauty and chivalry of the island. Miss Williams Fryars, lady patroness, in the absence of Miss Jones, Llvnon ; J. G. Johnston, Esq., somptroller; - H. Beaver, Esq., deputy. H. Beaver, Esq., was nominated comptroller for the next hunt; Yorke, Esq., deputy; and Miss M. S. Williams, lady patroness. After dinner on Wednesday, the 7th instant, a very interesting incident oc curred :--Bir Richard Bulkely took occasion to present to Owen Roberts, of Pennon, a beautiful silver medal, awarded to him by the '• institution for the preservation of Life from Shipwreck," for his gallant services, on many occasions, iii the Penmon life-boat; but more particularly in saving the crew and passengers of a sloop on her beam ends, five miles N.E. of Puffiu Island, when the life-boat was eight hours before it reached the share, buffeting the billows of a dread ful night, in total darkness.—The hon, baronet stated that it. was not known so generally as it ought to be, that a society, supported by subscription, had been established in this county, for providing the best boats, and other means of saving life, and for tewarding those who signalized themselves in saving their fellow-creatures. It first came into operation in 1829, and up to the present there had beets saved, on the shores of this county alone, by the boats or other means of the institutiott, 148 human !wings from the terrors of instant death by shipwreck. The Penmon life-boat was placed on that station in 1831, and that one boat had saved 42 lives; and of these, Owen Roberts had been concerned in saving twenty-six. APOTHECARIES' H A 1.1...—We may now conoratulate the public on the compl e ti on o f this inost useful eZablishment, the retail shop having been opened on Monday last. It is, decidedly, one of the handsomest buildings in the town; and we scarcely know which to admire most, the splendid design of the architects, Messrs. Cunningham and Holme, or the manner in which they have been executed by the different tradesmen. Mr. Unsworth, the principal contractor, in his choice of woods and excellent workmanship, deserves the highest credit, as does, also, Mr. Tapley for the masonry, (splendidly executed,) Mr. Perry for the brickwork, Messrs. Crellin awl Holt for the plumbing, &c. The most attractive part of the building is the front rettiil shop, which, we venture to say, in point of splendour and style, has never been sur missed, if equalled, in this part or the country. The plaster ing, plain and ornamental, has been executed by Mr. Burns, in his usual excellent manner. The painting and gilding, particularly the ceiling. enrichments on the cornice, pillars, caps, &c., as. also, the labeling of the bottles and drawers, by Mr. H. K. Willacv, gives a beautiful finish, and completes the effect of the whole. We trust the effort of the promoters of this undertaking will not be overlooked. It is an institu tion which has long been wanted; and, whether we view it as useful or ornamental, it is one of which the.town may justly Arrivals at the Rainbow Hotel, Basnett-street, within the last fortnight :—Count De Horroville and suit(); Baron De lapere and family ; Signor Ricardini and family ; P. Green all, Esq. ; Major Pilkinton and family ; Captain Lovel ; V. Lovel, Esq. anti family ; W. M. Jones, Esq., J. Ber r i, E sq., W. B. D av il , E sq., W. E. Davis, Esq., Horsweli, Esq. Mrs. Chariston and family; Mr. and Mrs. Robinson and tamily: Captain Walker, W. Latham, Esq., Captain Rutter, J. Smith, Esq., M. Lewis, Esc.. J. T. Knowles, Esq., R. J. Forber, Esq., L. W. Bell, Esq ; Mrs. Jaekson and sop ; Mrs. B. Ackers and two sons; Morley, Esq., 11. Roehff, Esq., B. Roeliff, Esq., .1. Steward, Esq., H. Brimlow, Esq ; Mona. La Fell and Son. IRON VESSELS.-Mr. John Laird, the builder of the Rain bow steamer, which makes the most rapid passages ever made between London and Antwerp, and vice versa, has now laid down, at his yard, North Bit kenhead, half-a-dozen vessels, which will be wholly constructed of iron. Among them is a steamer of nearly 600 tons. The lronside, mentioned in our last, the first iron ship built in this port, sailed on Wednes day, for Pernambuco. She looked extremely well as she proceeded down the river. Next day she was seen off the Kish Bank, all 'well. We have heard that the President, intended as the companion of the British Queen, in the New York trade, will he constructed of iron. Her tonnage will, it is said, exceed 2500 tons, and she is expected to carry 15U0 tons of fine goods! THE COTTON Ma RICET.—The market, as will be seen on referring to the Commercial Intelligence head, has been un usually active during the week. The sales reached the very large quantity of nearly 47,000 bales. The computed stock of cotton is now 352,300 bales, against 1.78,200 at the corres ponding period last year: difference, 174,100 bales. The import has nearly ceased; and, before the produce of the new crop can be brought into the market, in any considerable quantity, the demands of the trade, consumption, may be expected very sen s ibly t o reduce the stock in the port. The next four or five weeka will be extremely interestin to the ielters and the litukiri of cotton..—AV" POLICE INTELL IGENCE. CHARGE BY A POLICEMAN CONFUTED.—On Friday, Mr. Win. Gill, a young gentleman appeared at the police-office to answer a charge preferred against him by constable James Wilson, No. 149. The officer stated that, on the evening of Thursday, the Sth inst., about dusk, the defendant drove his gig so furiously down Richmond-row, and into Christian street, that he nearly ran over several persons who were cross ing at the bottom of the last named street; that that the gig previously passed over apart ofthe foot walk,[ind that, finally, he ran it against a lamp -post. He added, that defendant ap peared to he drunk, and could not drive; that he (the con stable) took hold of his horse's head, and stopped it, but on a gentleman on horseback stating that he knew lion, and would take care of him and the horse, ha suffered him to go, first taking his address, in order to summon him. • Mr. Gill, through his professional adviser, denied the charge in loin. He had that day been to Sefton, and he had neither driven furiously, nor was he in the slightest degree intoxicates'. Wit nesses for the defence were brought forward and sworn. Miss Wilkinson, a young lady, stated that she was in thegig at the time—that they had come out of Rose-hill, and were proceed ing slowly—that some interruption to the passage across the street took place, owing to a cart that was in the way, and that the cause of the gig going against the lamp-post was the act of the policeman himself, who violently seized the horse by the head, and threw it out of its direct course. She added that Mr. G. was perfectly sober. Mr. Jas. Dillow, the de fendant's cousin, who was of the party, and on horseback, corroborated this evidence, as did Mr. Gill, senior, his uncle, as to the charge of intoxication. He saw him soon after the circumstance, when he was perfectly sober, and said there was not a more abstemious young man in the town. Two other gentleman spoke to the regular habits of the defendant, and seeing him on the same evening perfectly sober. Mr. Hall said that the evidence went clearly to establish the in nocence of the party accused, and instantly dismissed the charge. The over-zealous policeman will, we trust, be looked after, as little confidence can be placed to a man who brings forward a groundless charge. OFFENCE UNDMI A HAILWAYA. ACT.—Oa,Friday, a man named O'Dor i nelly w as b roug ht t o t h e police-office, charged with having committed an offence under the act of incorpora tion of the Grand Junction Railway Company. Mr. Clay, the solicitor for the company, read the clause of the act rela tive to passengers refusing to alight when they had reached the place for which they were booked, and going on to a more distant town without paying the additional fare, by which they were liable to a fine of -Ds. The prisoner was booked at Stafford to go to Warington, for which the fare was lOs 6d. On arriving at the latter town he refused to come out of the carriage, and insisted ikon coining through to Liverpool with out laying any additional fare, which would he 4s 6d, the whole fare from Staffaxdio Liverpool being 15s. lie was con quently taken iuto custody, and Mr. Clay now applied for the enforcement of the penalty. Mr. Hall said chat the con duct of the prisoner was mean and disgraceful; but he found on looking into the act that he bad no jurisdiction in the case, inasmuch as the county magistrates could alone administer it. Mr. Clay accordingly left the court, and took the pri soner before Sir Thomas Brancker, by whom he was fined 40s. This was the first case that had been brought forward under the Grand Junction railway act, and will, doubtless, operate as a caution to unprincipled travellers. THRoWING VlTRloL.—Edward Soane, aged about fifty sieyears, was olaced before Mr. Hall, on Saturday, having been remanded since the third of October, under the charge of having thrown a quantity of vitriol on the person of Char lotte Wright, whereby she wasseverely injured and her clothes much damaged. The prosecutrix was taken to the Northern Hospital, on the 2nd October last, and was not in a fit state to appear and give her evidence till Saturday. Her face bore marks of the injury inflicted, and Mr. George Arnott, one of the surgeons of the hospital, stated, that some wounds on her neck and breast were not healed. She showed the dyes- which site had on at the time. Portions of the sleeves and breast were entirely destroyed. She stated, that, about ten o'clock , on Tuesday night, the 2d October, she was proceed ing along Whit echapel, when she was accosted by the prisoner who requested her to go and take a walk with him. She terns ed. Lie then mentioned a small sum of money which he would give her, if she wo u ld comp l y w i th h i s request. S he toll him to be off. He immediately produced what she thought. was a wine glass, and threw the contents over her face, neck. and breast. She experienced great pain, and screamed aloud for assistance. Police officer No. 112 came up: she told him what had happened, and he pursued the prisoner and took him into custody. Mr. Arnott stated, that the prosecutrix was brought to the hospital on the night of the 2d of October. She was severely burned on the face, neck, and chest. The liquid must have been very strong, and it was an acid, as it had changed the colour of the blue lining of her bonnet to red. Prisoner It was diluted oil of vitriol." Police officer 112 stated, that, when he apprehended the prisoner, he was walking very fast, Ile asked' him what he had thrown upon the woman, and he said "Some rum." He found no glass or any other vessel on the prisoner's person, nor could h e fi n d any thing of the sort in the street. 'lbe priosner, in his de fence, said he was under the -effects of temporary derange ment at the time. His skull had been fractured, and he had had some drink. If he had been in his right senses, he should not have done it, but drink took effect upon him. He was committed for trial. STREET IiouBERY. —Aaron Stock, a man dressed in a leather apron, and who looked like a shoemaker, was charged, on Saturday, before Mr. Hall, with having been concerned in stealing a watch. The prosecutor, a gentle man of respectability, stated, that, between eleven and oaelve o'clock, on the night of the 12th of May last, he was on his way home, along l'entbioke-place, when he was jostled by several men and women, who surrounded him, but left him almost] instantly. He proceeded on his way, and, after awhile, missed his watch, which he had felt in his pocket a short time before he encouutered the persons above alluded to. He met a notice-officer in a few minutes, and they pro ceeded to the Station-hou se , i n R ose -hill, where he gave a description of his watch, and the next day bills were printed and circulated in the usual manner, On Thursday last be learned th it his watch had been fouu - I, and was in possession of police-officer Grisenthwaite. He saw it and claimed it. The evidence against the prisoner was, that, on the 14th of May last, he had pledged the watch in his own name, at the shop of Mr. Bigham, in Marybone. On the 14th of July last. he called at the pawnbroker's, and stated, that he hat lust the ticket. He was then suffered to wake a declaration, and shortly afterwards the watch was redeemed. Late in the month of July. he called upon a man named Timothy Crow, residing at 2.3, North-street, and requested him to buy a watch which, he said, was ii) pledge at Bigham's. He told Mr. Crow, that be should have the watch for XI. 10s. and that it was a decided barg ain. He went an d re d eemed t h e watch, and Crow bought it for the sum above named. He told the latter, that it cost him £llss. He also told Constable Lloyd, that he had purchased it froth a traveller, and he made the same statement before the Magistrates. He was com mitted for trial. ItoenEitY.—Yesterday, at the Police -office , a young woman named Ha nna h Ryan, housemaid to ' Alr. Unwin, publican, in Great Homer-street, was brought up at the bar of the Police-office, charged with having robbed the bar maid of £7. —Jane Black, the Lar-maid, stated, that at three o'clock on Sunday afternoon she went into her own room to dress, and placed a small bag containing seven sovereigns and two half sovereigns on the wash-stand. She dressed and went down stairs, having forjottenjthe bag and money. In about half an hour she missed the bag, and ran up stairs for it, but it was gone. She went down into the kitchen, where she found the pri soner, who was house servant, and asked her if she had seen anything of the hag: said she had not. She (witness) then informed the housekeeper, and the prisoner was ai , ain asked, and again denied it. A constable was then sent for, and the prisoner was given into custody. She had since seen the bag containing the money which she had in it.—Constable Hodgson said he was called to take the prisoner into custody, and examined her box but found nothing. He delivered her over to Mrs. Kissack, at the Bridewell, to be searched, and the bag containing the money was found upon her. The prisoner hau nothing to say in de fence. She was committed to take her trial. WARRINGTON CAUTION TO_RA MAY SERVANTS.—In the course of the st Session bf Parliament the Grano Junction Railway Cotn- pang, in their amended Act obtained power to punish, in a summary way, any of their servants guilty of any negligence or misconduct, whereby the lives or property of any person is endangered. On Thursday the first case upon which pro ceedings have been instituted, at the instance of the company, came on for hearing before William Hall, Esq., at Warring ton. The defendant, John Bunsen, a Points-man, having charge of the points on the Grand Junction Railway, oppo site the Vulcan Foundry, at Newton, was charged with being in a state of intoxication while on duty, on the line, on Sun daylast. The defendant pleaded Guilty to the charge, and in mitigation of punishment, said, he had only drank two pints of ale, and that every thing under his care was admit ted to be in perfect order on the nay in question. Mr. Wag staff, after reading time 21st section of the " Ist and 2nd Vic- Torii A, cap. 52, which enacts, that if any engine-man, or other person having the care or charge of any engine upon the railway, or it any other person shall be upon the said railway, or works, in a state of drunkenness or inebriety, or shall do any act or be -guilty of any negligence or misconduct whereby the life or property of the company, or of any other company, or.if any person is or might be injured, or endangered, every such offender shall pay a sum not exceeding ten pounds," proceeded to say that Mr. Swift, the clerk to the company, instructed gun to press for a conviction in the full penalty, as such was the present state of the trade that if the company * discharged the defendant he would immediately be taken into the employ of some rival company. Mr. Hall agreed with Mr. Wagstaff, on the necessity of haying great attention and sobriety observed by the engineers' and other persons in the company's employ. And it was quite necessary to make an example of offenders. Mr. Swift (who entered the room at this stage of the proceedings) said, that, as this was the first case in which such proceedings had been instituted, and as the defendant had expressed some contrition for his miscon duct, he thought he might venture to ask from the Bench, some mitigation of the penalty. Mr. Hall ordered the de fendant, (who admitted he was in receipt of a guinea a-week wazes) to pay a fine of one pound and costs. Ditchfield, a fireman, fur similar misconduct at the Warrington Station, on Sunday the 11th instant, was convicted in the penalty of £5, but at the suggestion of Mr. Stubbs, one of the Warrington magistrates, Mr. Hall was prevailed upon to mitigate the penalty, to two pounds and costs. The defendants in both cases, were, in default of pay ment, ordered to be committed for three months. lif WARRINGTON POLICE ACT.—Mr. Joseph Wagstaff was, 0 Thursday, elected clerk to the Warrington police coin aissioners. No other candidate was proposed, Mr. Bayley aving withdrawn from the contest. (EAT EXPORT OF Goons To AMERICA.—The shipments anufactured goods to the United States ate, the season ie s ear considered, very extensive. The New York packet-ships get nearly fun cargoes ; the Sheridan, which sailed on Wednesday, having had upwa r d s o f £l6OO frei g ht on board. The packet -ship Columbus, which will sail this morning, has a full cargo of manufactured goods; and the packet-ships George Washington and United States will, it is expected, be quite full also. " Hannay and Dietrichsen's Alinanack, Astronomical Ephemeris, and Book of general Information for 1839.—We are positively at a loss for words to express our a - >tonishinent at the unparelleled comprehensiveness of the inianack just published by Messrs, Hannay and Diettic .en, for the ensu ing year. There is scarcely a subject in e usual routine of events to which we do not find referen e in this book of lOU pages, at the insignificant cost of 6d ;, sum which positively can little more than cover the pricaiof the paper. The Abio graphical and chronological table are exceedingly interest ing, particularly those for the resent year. The tides, eclipses, &c. are duly n o ti ce i and the progress of Encke's comet during the remainder I th e present year , an d Gam ' - --' -- 1839, are traced by iagrains of the heavens. We ye the list of the royal hoPseholds; the House of Lords, he titles of the Peerr, the family name, the motto of e Peers, and dates of creation ; the [louse of Commons is ice, first alphabetically, secondly arranged by the le members represent; the whole of the army list, le Officers'. names alphabetically arranged, (a desi long wanted) with the dates of Commission, and c appointment the officer holds; the navy list is given in ke manner • the bankers, nrovinci a l a nd met ro p o li tan ; t h e corporation manner; ambassadors and consuls ; universi ties; the list of lairs throughout the kingdom is by far the best ever printed; and in short, as we have before observed, information upon every possible topic of interest is afforded to the public in this most useful pamphlet. Messrs Hanoay and Dictrichsen have certainly put all competition out of the field, for, we should say, it would be impoosible for any other firm to produce a similar ,compilation at five times the cost.”—gorning Chronicle. Oct. 28. Published by the Proprietors, and sold at their ware h ouse , 63, Oxford-street, London; and by all Booksellers and Sta tioners in the kingdom. In Liverpool, by Smith, 24, Scot land-place. aces gi v in g deratu • / ps. I .. , ...,......i .., --1 ‘,712% :.-.:. 7: ) :::- 7 - ! ..a. .... Q ~,.... , _ ~- t r . v/_ i.l ) PUBLIC 4-14tMENTS. 1 TKEATRE ROYAL—Last ei,. rang introduced the he of a great theatrical name, to the Liverpool - Public, in person of Mr. Fleury Betty, the son of the ceiehiated 11 Betty, the Young Itoscius of former years. Mr. Het 1 111 Betty is the latest novelty on the stage, and the sr, i managers of the Theatre Royal have not waited long "produce" him. Mr. Henry net' y has as fair prospec s sue, ess in that profession which he has chosen, and ii which be is just entering, as any young actor we kiii Possessed of a tall, mauly, and graceful figure, chatacte, iz by all the elegant elastic suppleness of youth, with a fine Yon and good elocution, be watus'but the finish which practi will give, and he will have all the requisites for embed tug the conceptions of the mind—the very ket nel—t soul of acting: and in this prime requisite Mr. Henri Bet appears to be by no means deficient. Last evening he play the part of Salm, iu the revived tiagedy of " Barbatoss It would be unfair severely to criticise the afforts of so you an actor; yet unmixed praise, where it is not wholly . served and flattering, is to play an enemy's part, which have no wish to do to Mr. Henry Beth. He is decide not deficient in confidence; and bis elocution is good, there is a degree of "r flicking" rawness about his actin a want of that perfect finish which conduces to effect, wh he will do well to study to obtain. Few men will then sess more promising dramatic qualifications. He was int duced by a short spoken address by Mr. Bland, which • thought had better have been let alone. It would have h very well to have so introduced Master Betty, but was pus as an introduction to a young man. Mr. Stuart ably pla the parlor The tyrant Barbar o ssa, and i n d ee d constituted, . his superior acting, the chief interest of the tragedy. 'I acting of Miss Faucit was also marked by great talent. T evening " Douglas" is to b e p er f orme d , in which Mr. Be will play Young Norval. P 1 SIGNOR HUERTA'S CONCERT ATTHE TEMPLARS' HALL? Last evening Signor Huerta, th e ce l e b rated guitar play' gave a concert at the T e mpl ars ' H a ll . T he concert we w sorry to see was not very fully attend e d. Th e pr i ncipal p ' formers were Madame Palloni, Signor P a lt on i, M ons. A. . St. Maurice, and Sign o r H uer t o. S everal fantasias a ' duettos were sun g se l ecte d f rom t h e operas of Rossini a' Bellini, and front th e music o f D onn i zett i . Signor Palt er possesses an exceedin g ly powerful,full-t o n e d, b ass vo i ce. Vl ' heard him sing the aria " Largo al factotum," from Rosii in fine style. Mons. Maurice also possesses a fine bass void;', but of considerably l ess p ower . M a d ame Paltoni has asvr6! cantata sort of voice of not much power. The gem of tf, performances, however, was the extraordinary execution Signor Huerta, on the guitar. He has certainly given us "new light" regarding this instrument; we bad no idea thf tunes so melodious could be produced from the "clangk guitar," or that such an a mount of execution could be o tained on it. We have nut time to give a detailed notice the performances, though several of them are deserving r. . more than this passing notice. ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-Mr. Hughes, whose celebrate feats of horsemanship, &c., hare justly rendered him a ft vourite at this popular place of amusement, took his benef last night, under the patronage of our worthy chief Magi: trate, and we are happy to state that the attendance was ver good. The whole of the performances were well sustained. and elicited considerable applause. CAUTION TO HOUSEKEEPERS.--Housekeepers would di well to see that their doors and windows are fastened afte dark. From the robberies which have, during the past week taken place in dwelling-houses, it is evident, that a gang o burglars are prowling about the town and the outskirts. Thi robberies hitherto committed have not been to serious amount and in no case have they been accompanied by violence Still, while the police are active in endeavouring to preven t robberies, or, where robberies have been perpetrated, to ap. prebend the burglars, housekeepers ought, for their owr safety, to take every precaution in their power to prevent de predations on their property. FIRE.—On Friday, at about a quarter to one o'clock, some cotton in the cotton kiln of Mr. J. Irving, in Fleet,treet, became ignited by being overheated. The engines were sour on the spot, and the fire was extinguished in about an hour, with but little loss. A STEAM VESSEL CONVERTED INTO A SAILING VES sEt..—Sonie weeks ago a steamer belonging to the St. George Steam-packet Company, called the George IV., and which.... had been found, from the depth of water she required • to bek 01 adapted for the Irish trad e ,w as as an expel i ment,converted!' into a sailing ship under the directi o n o f M r. R. Talbot, ship.'' builder, and marine superintendent for the company. Like[ most other steam-vessels, her sides were so constructed as tol receive her paddle-wheels in a bay or recess; in other words,'; her decks oyerflanged about one-half the breadth of the paddle-'1 boxes. The latter being removed, four feet was cut off the l l paddle-beam, and she was sponcered up so as to render herp : top sides straight. and maintain her full breadth of decki throughout. She was also newly flush-decked and fastened,ll so that her breadth, originaliy 20 feet 6 inches, became about', 31 feet., presenting proportionably one of the finest uninter-111 rupted decks of any vessel i n t h e port. These alterati ons,llll which added greatly to her strength, were completed underl the inspection of Lloyd's surveyors. The vessel was then, rigged as a thr e e- mas t e d hermaphrodite, having a brig's fore mast, and a main and a w iz en mas t r i gged in the manner of.' a schooner. Her length is 137 feet, and she teOsters aboutl 290 tons; but thus made into an elegant sailing vessel, she is tound to carry upwards of 400 tons. ShH wade her first trip (hence to Dub.m) about three weeks ago. Considerableit coriosi. y was, as a mater of cour se , exc i ted as to her capa-J bilittes for sailing and resisting a sea way. Notwithstanding, she was deeply laden, and had an adverse wind and a heavy sea to contend with throughout, she behaved admirably, rising; on the waves like a duck, and making good her port of desti nation in twenty-five hours. Another vessel that sailed fatll Dublin with the same tide did not accomplish the voyage tine I, t til four days afterward s Th e G eorge IV . has, indeed, turned lt out to be "a clipper," and is already a great favourite in Dublin, where she has been visited by numbers of persons 1 1 interested in our mercantile marine. She is about to proceed ; to the Azores Islands for a cargo of fruit, and will, we hope, 11 fully realize the high expe c t a ti ons wh i ch her first trip has excited. She is (so far as we have learned) the first steam vessel of large burden that has been converted into a sailing- 1 . vessel; and the experiment is of importance in navigation, in as much as there are numerous steam-boats in this and . 1 other pot ts, whose engines are worn out, or which are other- i wise unavailable as steamers, th at , at a comparatively small expense, may, from this successful exemple, be made into valuable sailing vessels. The George IV. might have been purchased some months ago for a sum under £200; but her kT bottom was sound, and, with the repairs and alterations she has undergone, her estimated value is now between four and five thousand pounds. It appears that the French troops are about to evacuate '! Ancona, on condition that the Austrian troops shall leave Home to itself. REFUSAL TO PAY A ItEcrsrn!,ll.—On Wednesday last, at a meeting of ley-pacers held in the vestry of the Parish Church, Middleton, it was resolved that the As s i stant over seer shuuld not pay the fees of the . registrar of birth s an d deaths, on the ground that his appointment was not in con formity with the act, he being, as was stated, neither a house keeper nor a rate-payer.—Blachbarn Standard. The production of John Barnett's new opera, t o b e called . Farinelli, which has been accepted by the management of Drury-lane, has been postponed. COWISING EXTHAORDINARY. - Last Tu es d ay, as the " Fleetwood" locomotive engine, on the Preston and Wvre ralwav, was proceeding at a quick speed w ith a train of waggons containing ballast fur the permanent road, about hall way between Born Naze and Poulton, a hare got upon the line and ran before the train in the same direction for a considerable time, but was at length overtaken, when the I spur of the engine struck the affrighted animal and killed it. —Preston Pilot. Tax oN STEsst-Bovrs.—The heads of a bill to be brought before Parbament have been settled, by which is is to be proposed that "all vessels engaged in the conveyance of pas sengers fur hire by water, when impelled by any other means than s.tils or manual labour," shall not be impelled without 'T a license. appottioned in its price to every 100 tons, nor without paving a duty "for and in respect of every passenger, at and after the rate of for every four miles, or fraction of four miles." 11 EXTRAORDINAIIY FEAT.—On Thursday last, an individual '! 11 named Nicholson, residing at Appleby, better kn own b y the' 1;'; cognomen of " The Marquis of Rockingha m ," un d ertook fur a wager. to ea; a roasted goose, lasted with a p oun d of ~i; tallow candles, together with half a peck of p o t atoes, but fi 0 { without any drink; after which saroury repast, h e was to run C a steeple chase of two miles against a horse th a t was bought - il at Brig-hill fair, for the exorbitant sum of s even shillings q and sixpence. The first part of the undertaking, as our '. ' readers may readily suppose, came df swimmingly. Many bets were depending on the issue of the match, which was l' won by. " the marquis" in a very superior stile. We un derstand this is nut the first of his very extraordinary per formances. [The marquis's heraldic device ought to be a ' • trough with a pig-rampant—motto, '• per rentrem f ec i."]— Westmorland Gazelle. A MATCH von VAN ANIBURGH —The proprietor of a me nagerie. now exhibiting at Hamburgh, advertises an ele phant whom he has taught to dance upon the tight rope, and to play the Jew's harp; besides which, he has a whole family of tiger cubs, as lame as kittens, that allow the guests to han dle them as much as they COLOURING DA WA AS.-At a show of the Colchester Hor ticultural and Floral Society, on Wednesday week, the:se cond prize tor twelve dahlias grown by gentlemen's garden ers was adjudged to Mr. Mallet, gardener to it G. H. Smyth, Bart., hot was afterwards retained by the committee, in con sequence of its being discovered, that some colouring matter had been put on the eyes of two of the dark dahlias exhibited, evidently for the purpose of deceiving the judges. - - . Roy At. EXCHANGE.—We are informed that the whole • . mass of buildings ft out Finch-lane to the Mansion House is • ' to be removed for the site of this great civic and national edifice; which, if it is not the noblest piece of commercial architecture in the world, still be no honour to the city and citizens of •London. At present, all ue know of the design 4 is, that it is to be an oblong square. 270 feet in length, by 140 in breadth, the longest sides fronting the Bank on one side, 4 : and Cornhill on the other. The internal area of the Ex change .1 (where our merchants are to congregate) is to be of the extent of 150 feet by CO feet. The dimensions are spa cious.— London Paper. THE ARMY.—It is said that a very considerable augmenta tion to our present force Is in contemplation, in consequence of the warlike aspect of affairs. This we have all along an - tip.led, sensibly alive to the difficubies of carr}ing on the duties with our present force, independent of all the cal:s now made on it from every quarter. i TIIE RUSSIANS IN Au AMNIA.— Erzeroom, until destroyed by the Russians in 18'28-9, had been a flourishing place, and he great mart of trade, particularly for the purchase of European comtnodities by Persian traders, w ho used to come here for their investments instead it proceeding to Constanti nople. But when the Russians overran the country, thee, by a specious pretence of deliverance from Mahonietan thraldom a r n i d ee t it he their homes and enter the Russian terriories. Upwards of 1 ~ f partly this prevailed place, or t y a p b a o rt ,, l i y: ninety thousand souls are said to have been thus carried off front 'Turkish Armenia, of whom Wrote titan seven thousand were front Erzereom: and from what I afterwards heard and lA. saw , I do not believe this estimate is beyond the truth. They were driven by the orders of Prince (the Count) Paskewitch into Russian Armenia, the population of which had become scanty under the miid parental sway, upon an understanding t that they were to be distributed in towns and villages which required such a transfusion of human life, and were to be pro tected and encouraged in the exercise of their several trades and avocations; but by a singular and most heartless incon sistency, not only eas this virtual promise broken, but the poor creatures were suffered to remain encamped and exposed to the severities of the weather, without even a provisto bread to eat, so that they died by hundreds of .mix want. At last they were sent. to Akhiska and the provin of the Black Sea, where they were disposed of in places - already fully peopled. so that ;their condition, thus huOdled up in crowds. was little improved, and their usefulness utterly destroyed. Many mote died here frier' want and from dis eases - occasioned by the swamps of these places acting . on 1 ; !f constitutions accustomed to the free air of the upper plains; yet still every apnlicaticn of the poor creatures for permis sion to return was rejected, and such as were caught deserting were severely punished. It is, therefore, no wonder that the feeling all over Turkish Armenia should be strong against the Russians, a n d I believe it to be as bitter as possible. It is said, now, that the escape of the poor exiles that remain, and who are looked_ upon now as a charge rather than a benefit, is winked at, though not openly permitted, and that many of the survivors are gradually returning to their homes. 'Thus _ this barbarous and most inconsistently prosecuted measur e of state_ failed utterly of any effect, except that of exciting hatred and dre'ad but it is an iecensistency by non.te.abat without parallel or precedent in iOrsiselttical hislorY± nog r ambitious aad arbit go':e re ter's Winter Jaw •;. N: * , 4 • .I'7l 4 -,~ ~ ~ ','i ~~ I