The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-12-17 00:00:00

IrutiEluN AND COLONIAL. WEST INDIES. The royal n ail steam -packet Avon arrived at South ampton on Wedneslay at half-past 11 a.m., bringing all the West India mails, and from the following places rip to the following dates :—Tampico, October 26; Vera Cruz, November 2 ; Havannah, November 10 ; Demerara, No vember 3; Trinidad, November 5; Grenada, November 10; St. Thomas, November 15; Bermuda, November 23, being the day of the Avon's departure thence. The Jamaica papers scarcely give a line worth extract. A proposition was before the legislature for establishing an island bank. Business was very dull, and the mer chants complain of the difficulty of obtaining cash pay ments. A lengthened investigation appears to have taken place into the origin of the fires in the canal district of Deme rara, and the suspicion raised of their being the work of an incendiary was totally denied. Another attempt was on the eve of being made to introduce African labour, and a vessel called the Roger Stewart was to be dispatched to Sierra Leone, under the superintendence of a gentleman named Butt, who is said to have devoted much of his time to the question of immigration. The weather in the co lony had been exceedingly dry during the last two months. Water was so scarce that it was selling in town at 41d. per gallon. The smallest coin was 2.r- r d. Some puncheons of the new half-farthings, it is hinted, would be acceptable among the West Indian community. People, it is added, have yet to learn the value of money in this colony, and generally throughout the West - ladies. While the town suffer, the country thrives. The planters were quickly manufacturing sugar, and the canes, from length of expo sure to the sun, gave an abundance of saccharine matter. The Trinidad papers announce the death of Dr. "M`Don nell, the Bishop of Olympus, who had been hurried with all due respect. He was 61 years of age, and yellow fever is alleged as the cause of his death. At Barbadoes an a , 4reeable change in the weather had taken place ; copious showers had fallen, and these, there was every reason to suppose, had been general. In gene ral respect the appearance of the island is reported to be favourable for next year's crop. Early planting is r'com mended by the agricultural society, and nothing, it is said, should be put in after Christmas by parties who desire to receive a good return from their plantations. The legis lature had been opened with a speech from the Governor ; and the Finance Committee had presented their report, recommending certain alterations in the mode of collect ing revenue, &c. From the other islands we hare no intelligence of inte rest. An exhibition of Coolie excitement had taken place at Castries, St. Lucia, in consequence of the flogging of a native child, aged 13, in the public street, for the crime of perjury ; but the riot was speedily repressed, though, it would seem, not before stern justice mitigated to a certain extent the sentence first intended to be carried out. The papers contain various versions of the atThir, but they are all contradictory in many of the essential points. SPAIN.—By accounts from Madrid we learn that the reform bill had passed, after a long debate. The Posdala states positively that Zurbano had been seen at a place near the frontiers of Portugal, directing his course to wards that country. A letter from fierce mentions some interesting particulars of the mother of the younger Zur bano, and the wife of Benito. They arrived at Arma dillo on the 27th ultimo, and entered an olive grove at the skirts of the town. The wife of the younger Zurbano was in the last stage of pregnancy. Thai these poor women had for the previous two nights been compelled to encounter the cold on the mountains. They werr accom panied by a priest. The wife of Benito had heard that her husband was to be shot, and was anxious to press on to Logrono before his execution. The Alcalde of Arma dillo rendered these wretched females every assistance so soon as he became acquainted with their situation, and sent a body of armed inhabitants to escort them to Lo grono. It appears that poor Benito had been three days without food, and that be was captured when venturing from his hiding-place in search of some. The river Elbe is frozen' over, and covered with pro menaders. Coal of a very excellent quality has been dicovered in New Zealand. SWITZERLAND.—The people of Bale Campagne, have declared that they will rise and expel the Jeuits by force from Lucerne, if they attempt to teach in the schools there. TERRIFIC CONFLAGRATION.—The Malta Times quotes a letter from Magnesia, which states. " That the greatest part of the city of Bulukeseit fell a prey to flames. A fire broke out in and wholly destroyed the bazaar, as well asill great number of houses. The houses thus destroyed amount to 1500." EARTHQUAKE AT THE HAVANNAH.—A letter from Bilbao, dated the 4th instant, states that a Spanish vessel had just arrived, in 32 days, from the island of Cuba, with the intelligence that the Havannah had been nearly swept away from the face of the earth by a terrible earth quake. THE BOY JosEs.-- This youth has again turned up; and it appears that his spirit of enterprise is unquelled. A letter from Athens, of the 20th November, says, " Dur ing the few days the Warspite was anchored in Salamis Bay, the boy Jones (in-I-go) Jones swam from the ship during the night ; but, after some search, he was found ashore. I have not heard of his getting into the palace, however. The Protestants of Bavaria assembled in General Synod at Anspach, have addressed to the king a respectful re monstrance and petition complaining of the restriction of the rights of that body,—of the violation of conscience by an order of the war minister compelling Protestant soldiers to attend the service at the Roman Catholic chapels, and to kneel hef.re the heat, anal of otho T opproa.iono and wants, which they desire to have remedied. AMERICAN EPISCOPAL CHURCH.—The Rev. Dr. C. Hawks has been appointed to the Bishopric of Missouri ; the Rev. Dr. Chase to the bishopric of New Hampshire; the Rev. Dr. Cobbs to the bishopric of Alabama ; the Rev. Dr. Boone to be Bishop in China ; the Rev. Mr. Glennie (who is an Englishman by birth) to be Bishop in Western Africa; the Rev. Mr. Southgate to be Bishop in the Turkish dominions ; and the Rev, Dr. Freeman to be Bishop of Texas. GREAT INDIAN RAILWAY.—Of the many gigantic schemes of our day, not the least gigantic is certainly that of the great Indian railway company. The chief line would run from Bombay to the line of Godavery, and ter minate on the eastern coast. near Coringa. In connection with this, three transverse ones are proposed ; one from Poona to Bejapoor, another to Aurungabad, a third from Hyderabad to Nagpoor, crossing the main line. The pro posed lines are 1300 miles in length, and would require a capital of £5,000,000. CAPTURE OF A SLAVER.—The Ferret, 10, Commander Oake, captured, on the 26th September, a schooner, with 400 slaves on board, six days out. She was without co lours, papers, or chart, having, it is supposed, been all thrown overboard. No person would acknowledge to be the captain, whom the crew reported dead, or even give her a name, or say to whom she belonged, or where found. It is believed her name is the Aventura, of 140 tons, be longing to Rio de Janeiro. At the time of capture the Ferret was on her passage to St. Paul de Leondo, distant about 250 miles. THE ICE TRADE.—There are in Boston 16 companies engaged in transporting ice to the East and West Indies, New Orleans, and to other warm climates. In 1830 the quantity of ice shipped from Charleston to distant ports amounted to £30,000 tons. No less than 50,000 tons were exported from Boston. The expense to the shippers was 12,340 dirs., or about a quarter of a dollar a ton. The average receipts were 3,570,000 dirs. A single firm in Boston freighted 101 vessels, and a cargo was sent to East Indies, and exchanged pound for pound for cotton, which was sold at a hand.ome profit in England. Sawdust for packing sells at 3 dirs. per cord. IRELAND. The Hon. G. Hely Hutchinson is the repeal candidate for Tipperary, vacant by Mr. Otway Cave's death. THE WEATHER IN DUBLIN.—On Thursday night it blew a terrific gale of wind from the south-east, accom panied by a heavy fall of snow. Next day the tempest moderated, but it continued snowing with little cessation. REPEAL ASSOCIATION. —The rent for the week amounted to £333. O'Connell made an unusually long speech. A communication from Galway stated that fever was very prevalent in that town, which, the writer said, would not be the case if Ike Union were repealed ! REMARKABLE COINCIDENCE.—It is a melancholy Co incidence that Mr. Tupper, one of the medical advisers of the recently-deceased Earl of Limerick, who had arrived at South-hill, a few days previously, to remain for his customary period of attendance, was found dead in his bed on the morning after the decease of his noble patient. Mr. Tupper had been for upwards of 40 years one of the medical attendants of Lord Limerick. REPEAL BANQUET.—The feed at Waterford, the last for the season, took place on Wednesday. It was given in the Town-hall. About four hundred sat down to din ner, Mr. T. Meagher, Mayor of the city, presiding. The usual toasts having been proposed, Mr. O'Connell made the speech of the night. Its most remarkable features were his declaration that be had resigned his intention of a pilgrimage for justice to England, and that all the Liberal members who did not become Repealers should be ejected from their seats without mercy. They might repent at leisure then. REPEAL-STREET.-" Repeal-street"—no le3s ! Aye, there it is in black and white, upon a board, twenty-four inches by eighteen, which is secured by holdfasts as bind ing as the union, to a corner house in the most ancient and most Irish town of Loughrea. And truly if that street has been chosen for the name as a palpable and speaking type of good things to come, truly repeal—when we get it be no great acquisition. For a dirtier street, a more irregular street, a more crooked street, a street leading directly or indirectly to a suburb of more wretched hovels, or more ragged inhabitants—God bless the landlord ! the universal bills of mortality surely cannot comprehend. —Dublin Monitor. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. THE CHASE. THE CHESHIRE HOUNDS will meet on Wednesday, Dec. 18, at • . Thursday, 19, at ...... Saturday, 21, at ........ Walgber , ton Lodge, Dcddlnton At half-past ten o clock. SIR W. W. WYNN'S HOUNDS will meet on Thursday, Dec. 19, at ................. Pentrebychan Friday, 20, at.. Saturday, 21, at At half-past ten o'clock. UNIVERSITY et CLERICAL NEW.. CAMBRIDGE, DEC. 18.—At a congregation just held. the following degrees were conferred :—Bachelors of Me dicine. Christopher Thomas Richardson, Emmanuel College ; Allen Williams, Trinity College.—Bachelor of Laws.—John Dee Denman, St. John's College.—Mas (era Arty.—Charles William Blunt, Trinity College; Thomas Henry Noel Hill, St. John's College; William Laing, St. John's College ; John Colpitts Dean, Christ's College,—Bachelors of Arts.—Chas. Philip Wilbraham, St. Peter's College ; William Henry Wright, Jesus Col lege. PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS.—Rev. S. Addy, M.A. to the vicarage of Corpusty, Norfolk.—Rev. A. Christopherson, M.A. to the curacy of the parish church, Lancaster.—Rev. W. Moore, D.D. to the archdeaconry of Lincoln.—Rev. J. A. Burrough, to be chaplain and naval instructor to H.M. ship, .Amazon.—Rev. W. Simp son, 8.A., to the perpetual curacy of Dobeross, in Sad dleworth.—Rev. W. Johnson, M.A. to the rectory of Grainsby, Lincolnshire.—Rev. E. W. Foley, to the vicarage of Great Malvern, Worcestershire.—Rev. W. J. Butler, R.D., to the rectory of Aopletcn-cum-Tuhney, Berks.—Rev. F. A. Faber, to the rectory of Saunderton, Bucks.—Rev. J. 13. Hushes, M.A., assistant master to the School for sons of Clergymen and others, Marlbo rough, to the second mastership of Blundell's School, Tiverton.—Rev. C. H. Hutton, D.D., to the rectory of Houghton Magna, Northamptonshire.—Rev. E. Kitson, from Malta, to be chaplain to Pembroke Dockyard, vice R. Bloxham, retired.—Rev. J. Austin, to be chaplain to H.M. ship Eagle.-13ev. J. Cartwright, M.A., to be pre centor of the Cathedral Church, Durham.—Rev. J. Ed- wards, M.A., to the curacy of the parish church, Roch— dale.—Rev. W. Laing, to be junior assistant curate at Oldbury, near Birmingham.—Rev. A. Paton, M.A., to the curacies of Donnington-on-Baine, and Market Slain ton, Lincolnshire.—Rev. R. Robinson, 8.D., to the liv ing of Mallerstang, near Kirkby--Stephen. Rev. W. Harrison, morn'ng preacher at the Magdalen, to the office of afternoon preacher in the chapel of the Foundling Hos pital. il f The University of Edinburgh has conferred degree of Doctor in Divinity on the Rev. John Ce ALA. The number of members in the Universi . Cam bridge, have increased considerably during the lust year. They now amount to 1926, being 103 more than at the corresponding period of 1843. A handsome subscription has been raised in Somerset shire for the purpose of preserving the tomb of Bishop Ken, (author of the Morning and Evening Hymns,) in the churchyard of Frome, in that county, and for restoring the chancel of that chwch as a memorial to the bishop's memory. There are no fewer than ten ordinations to be holden on Sunday the 22d instant. The following are the din. ceses in which this important ceremony will occur, viz.:— London, Salisbury, Chichester, Oxford, St. David's„ Gloucester and Bristol, Hereford, Lichfield, Lincoln, and Worcester. The Times of Friday states that the Archbishop of Canterbury has announced his intention to summon a meeting of the bench of bishops, in consequence of the unhappy schism which at present agitates the church, in order to deliberate on the rubrical observances to be en fore d. It is expected the meeting will take place early in Jihuary. It is confidently said that the Archbishop, in which his Grace of York concurs, will propose a con ciliatory course to be pursued relative to the observance of the rubric, so that a due regard may be paid to the scruples of the laity relative to innovations in the Church service which may give offence to the congregation. THE OFFERTORY.—On Sunday week, the Bishop of London preached a sermon at St. George's Church, Ha nover-square, London, on behalf of the Visiting Asso ciation of that parish, and advocated the claims of the charity with his usual earnestness and eloquence, when, to the surprise of the congregation, it was found, on leav ing the church, that no collection was made. It appears that the Bishop's intimation that the collection should be made from pew to pew while the Offertory service was read from the communion-table was in opposition to the practice which had invariably been followed in that church; and, as the churchwardens did not feel justified in departing from the custom sanctioned by the congre gation, the consequence was, that no collection was made, and the charity did not receive the slightest pecuniary advantage from his lordship's advocacy. OBSERVANCE OF THE Minnie, EXETER.—On Sunday morning week, considerable sensation was created in Exeter by certain official alterations in the performance of divine worship at all the parish churches, according to the instructions issued by the Bishop of Exeter. The first infringement on the popular feeling took place in St. Sidwell's Church, where the ceremony of christening was performed in the midst of the church service. In every one of the parish churches the sermon was preached by the clergyman in a surplice instead of a gown, and several of the congregation were so offended at this inno vation, that they quitted the church the moment they saw the minister, so attired, enter the pulpit. It is said that the churching of women will be in future performed at those•churches in the midst of the Sunday morning's service, and a very strong feeling exists as to the indeli cacy and impropriety of such a custom. The inhabitants of Exeter entertain a very general dislike to these innova tions. THE OFFERTORY A CENTURY SINCE.—The Timos of Wednesday, contains a curious report of a trial which took place upwards of a century since, at which a clergy man and the churchwardens were indited for collecting money for a char ty school during the reading of the offer tory sentences, during which a number of the children were present in the church. The parties were taken into custody, and bound over to appear at the Maidstone Quarter Sessions, as rioters and vagrants. At the Quar ter Sessions no bill was found against them, but being compelled to attend at the ensuing assizes, they were in dicted of being "evilly and seditiously disposed" to the existing government,—" wickedly desirous of gain ; horridly and unjustly intending to procure for themselves unlawful gains under pretence of collecting charities," &c. ;—that they did " conspire and confederate " with others to " wander up and down England " for this pur pose; and that, in the time of divine service in the said parish church, " the said William Hendley (to prosecute his conspiracy without any license from the King or any legal authority) did incite and ask of the parishioners charities, alms, and gifts," by means of persons filling no parish office, " yet they did there" " unlawfully extort these,charities," to the " defrauding and cheating " of the parishioners. Pretty stringent these several counts of the indictment !—The accused were found guilty of the alleged charges, and fined in a mitigated penalty. The limes in a subsequent article states that " the true point was pre cisely that in which the church of Hurst and elsewhere has disturbed our parishes at the present day ; and resolved itself into the simple question—can the collection in the Communion service be solicited for other purposes than for the poor of the parish ? And if not, then, are the persons who make and solicit such collections without authority liable to be indicted and punished?" LA IV INTELLIGENCE, COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.—FRIDAY. (Sittings before Lord Denman and a Special Jury.) BURANELLI V. BLACK AND OTHERS. This was an action obi a policy of insurance on the veseel the Giacomo Georgio, on a voyage from Liverpool to Ancona. The vessel sailed from Liverpool, and on ar riving in the Adriatic kept a north-easterly course to run along the shores of Dalmatia. The captain stayed at the port of Kalamotta, which is on the Dalmatian coast, for a few days, and then, continuing his course, he ran along the coast till he came nearly abreast of Ancona, which is on the western or Italian side of the Adriatic, which he attempted to cross. It was alleged, on the part of the plaintiff, that he was compelled by the state of the ship and weather to do this. The ship, in making this attempt, met with bad weather, was seriously damaged, put back and was lost, and this action was then brought on the policy. The defence was, that the captain had improperly gone into the port of Kalamotta, arid so delayed his voyage, in consequence of which he had encountered the bad weather, which he might otherwise have avoided. It was further insisted that the log of the vessel showed that there was no necessity whatever for the captain's de lay in Kalamotta, and this was charged as a deviation which vacated the policy. A great many witnesses were examined on both sides, but in the end the jury interposed, and, stopping the case, returned a verdict for the plaintiff. IMPORTANT TO ATTORNEYS.—At the recent Quarter Sessions, at Lichfield, the Chairman was requested by one of the counsel present to give his decision upon a question raised at the previous sessions, as to the right of attorneys to plead in the presence of barristers, whe❑ the honourable gentleman stated that he had consulted Lord Denman upon the matter, and he had decided that attor neys should be allowed to plead either for prosecution or for prisoners ; barristers should be allowed pre-audience, but not exclusive audience. A HINT TO " COMPANY" CONCOCTERS.—In the Court of Queen's Bench on Wednesday, Mr. Bigg, a printer, brought an action for £135 9s, against a Mr. Workman, one of the projectors of an unsucces-ful Water Company. The amount sued for had been incurred for printing a prospectus. " The defence was that the de fendant was not solely liable, and witnesses were called to prove that the persons named in the plea, viz., the rest of the Directors, were jointly liable with him. Lord Den man, however, was of opinion that the proof of the plea failed, and the jury found for plaintiff—damages, .£135 95." In the case of Lake v. the Duke of Argyle, the refusal of a new trial within the last few days tends to the same re sult. _ _ THE BENCH AND THE BAR.--Ina trial of some pri soners at York on Tuesday, Mr. Wilkins, who defended them, commenced his address by observing, that some thing had been said to them the other night about the respectability of the police, and they were asked whether it was likely respec;able men would enter the police: when Mr. Justice Coleridge (interruptingly) said—l can not conceal from myself, Mr. Wilkins, that you are refer ring to me. and I cannot allow you to make observations offensive to the Bench. Mr. Wilkins—l had no desire to be offensive my lord. Mr& Justice Coleridge—lf you must remark upon what occurred, do it,—and you know well how to do it, if you choose, in a less offensive manner. Mr. Wilkins—l bad no desire to be offensive. Mr. Jus tice Coleridge—l will not have a reply made on the Judge's address to the jury. I care as little for observa tions made to myself personally, I hope, as any man can do ; but I have the highest respect for the office of Judge, and I will not allow gentlemen of the bar to make such observations. Mr. Wilkins—Well, then, gentlemen, I will not comment on what the Bench has said, though I am often made to put up with observations when I can't reply, and so are many of my brethren too. Mr. Justice Coleridge—To be sure you are, Mr. Wilkins ; and whilst you are at the bar, and I am at the bench you [Lust put up with it. Any cornmenti.::Lat you may pleae to make, must be made in respectful manner. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. THE COURT ti- FASHIONABLE WORLD. The Queen and Prince Albert, the Duke and Duchess of Saxe Coburg, and the Duke Ernest of Wittemberg, with the infant members of the loyal Family, arrived at Windsor, on Wednesday front Claremont. On Thursday morning, between nine and ten o'clock, the Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Cohurg, the Duke Ernest of Wirt emberg, and several of the distinguished visitors at the castle, left the royal residence, and proceeded in pony carriages accross the plantations in the home park to Frogmore, to enjay the pastime of sledge-driving and skating on the picturesque lake in front of the mansion of the Duchess of Kent. The lake wus in most beautiful order, the surface being as smooth as glass, with the ice upwards of six inches in thickness. We regret exceedingly to learn that her Majesty the Queen Dowager has been suffering during the last week from a severe cough. The cereinonv of the lying in state of the remains of the late Princess Sophia Matilda took place on. Monday, at her royal highness's residence, the Ranger's House, Bldckheath. The funeral took place on Tuesday, in the Royal Chapel, in Windsor. Lord and Lady Francis Egerton intend to pass the Christmas recess at Thatchford, near Cobham. THE ORDER OF THE GARTER.—The Marquis of Aber corn, Earl de Grey, Earl Talbot, and the Earl of Powis, were installed at the chapter held nn Thursday for the admission of the Duke of Saxe Coburg, as Knights of the Garter, in the vacancies caused by the deaths of the Duke of Dorset, Duke of Grafton, the Marquis Wellesley, and the Earl of Lonsdale. PRINCE ALBERT'S TITLE.—A report is abroad that a message from the Queen will be delivered to Parliament, shortly after the opening of the session, asking the legis lature to authorise her to confer the title of King upon Prince Albert. The precedents are Philip and Mary 1., and William 111. and Mary 11. The Prince of Orange may be said to have won his title by the sword. On the other hand, Prince George of Denmark, husband of Queen Anne, never received the title or enjoyed the dig nity of King-Consort.-- Oxford Herald. RAILWAY INTELLIGE CE. OPENING OF THE WARWICK AND LEAMINGTON RAILWAY.— On Monday the line connecting Coventry, Kenilworth, Le , mington and Warwick, by the London and Birmingham Railway, with London, was opened to the public. The line is about nine miles long, and 120 miles from town, being within a four hours' journey of the metropolis. It has been constructed under the super intendence of Mr. Robert Stephenson—is what is termed a single line, has cost about £170,000. and has taken about eighteen months to construct. We understand that the Lynn and Dereham Railway Company have agreed to join the Direct Norwich and Dereham Railway Company, and form one united sta tion at Dereham. This arrangement will be the means cf forming a direct communication with the port of Lynn, and facilitate a junction being made with the London and York Railway at the nearest point. A new field will be thus opened for the productions and manufacturers of our county and city, and place us in the most advantage ous position as regards direct railway communication with all parts of the North.—Bury Post. RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—A dreadful explosion of a boiler took place on Tuesday night, on the South Eastern Rail way, en that portion of the viaduct which intervenes be tween the New Cross Station and the terminus. It was a luggage train, therefore there were no passengers, but the engineer and fireman were killed instantaneously. The wreck was awful. The viaduct itself had given way in several places, and through one of its chasms the broken engine was precipitated into the fields below. Several of the heavy luggage trucks, enormously strong though they are built, lay crushed like egg shells, their contents of oranges, teas, cocoa-nuts, walnuts, and merchandise, strewing the road i❑ all directions. LANCASTER AND PRESTON RAILWAY.—On Tuesday last, a special general meeting of this company took place at Lancaster, for the purpose of deciding as to the confir mation of a conditional agreement between the directors of the company and the directors of the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway Company for the leasing, in perpetuity, of the Lancaster and Preston Junction Railway, by the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway Company, and on other matters connected therewith. George Burrow, Esq., oc cupied the chair, and said their present line was leased to the Lancaster Canal Company for 21 years (of which 19 were unexpired) at a rental of 4 per cent. on paid-up capital, with a contingency for increase on the opening of the Newcastle and Edinburgh line. The agreement with the Lancaster and Carlisle Company was an advance in their favour : by it they were to receive, from the Ist of September, 1816, five per cent. per annum in perpetuity on the paid-up capital, the £65,000 invested in the Lan caster and Carlisle Railway included, and to have the option, to be exercised within three years from the open ing of that line, to exchange the Lancaster and Preston shares for their share; at par in perpetuity ; or ever after wards to take 5 per cent. per annum on the paid-up capital, with one-third on all net profit beyond 5 per cent. made on the whole line between Preston and Car lisle. The Canal Company had agreed to give up their lease, the directors of the Carlisle Company taking that agreement into their own hands : the Canal Company paid them 4 per cent., and they (the Carlisle directors) added 1 per cent. to it, to make it up to 5 per cent., to pay them (the shareholders of the Lancaster and Presto❑ line.)—Several of the directors and shareholders present expressed their great satisfaction at the proposed agree ment, and a resolution to carry it into effect was unani mously passed, as was a vote of thanks to the gentleman through whose judgment and perseverance it had been so successfully accomplished. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY.—A spe cial general meeting of this company was held on Tuesday afternoon, at the Cotton Sales Rooms, Liverpool, Mr. Charles Lawrence in the chair. The points far consider ation were—first, the amalgamation of the Grand Junc tion, North Union, and Liverpool and Manchester, in cluding 'he Bolton and Leigh, Railway Companies, into one consolidated integral concern ; and secondly, the ap plication to Parliament in the ensuing session for autho rity to construct the following extension or additional lines of railway, with other improvements :-Ist. A new entrance into Liverpool, by means of a tunnel from the main line, near Wavertree-lane, Edge-hill, to the Water loo Dock, with a commodious station at the latter site. 2nd. A new approach line, by means of a tunnel, or open cutting, from the Old Good's Station, Edge-hill, to the company's yard, in Crown-street, for the better accom modation of the coal trade. 3rd. A line of railway from the immediate vicinity of the new docks, now construct ing at the north end of the town, passing near Walton, behind Croxteth and Knowsley, and through Simmons wood to Rainford ; there to be joined by a new line of railway from St. Helen's to Rainford, Bickerstaff, La tham, Ormskirk and Rufford ; at this latter place, con necting with the proposed line at Buxton, on the North Union Line, to the populous and increasing bathing place of Southport. 4th. A branch railway, about three miles in length, from the main line at Patricrott to Clifton, on the Manchester and Bolton Line; there to connect with the Manchester, bury, and Rossendale Railway. sth. A branch from 'he main line near Newton', to join the North Union Railway, near Parkside, by which a more easy and rapid communication between the North Union Line and the Liverpool and Manchester in the direction of Liverpool will be effected. Also, for authority to im prove and extend the passenger station, in Lime-street, and the goods' station in Crosbie-street, and Wapping; extending the latter to the Queen's Dock— .. Resoluti ons approving of the amalgamation, and of the different new works, were unanimously adopted. GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY.—A special meeting of this company was held on Wedne s d a y, f or th e purpose o f sanctioning the arrangements made by the directors, as stated in the report. John Moss, Esq. took the chair, and stated that since the meeting had been called an in terview had taken place between deputations of that com pany and the London and Birmingham Company, at the instance of the latter, and, as they were not then in a po sition to report what had been done, th e di rec t ors p ro posed to adjourn that meeting until the 30th instant. The chairman then referred at some length to the construction put upon a letter of his by the chairman of the London and Birmingham Company, and also alluded to an alleged want of foresight in him in not having purchased the Birkenhead and Chester line. He stated that the latter line was offered to him more than once, on very low terms ; but in consequence of an arrangement with the Liverpool and Manchester line, effected some years since, involving stipulations for mutual defence, he declined the purchase, in consequence of it being detrimental to the interests of the Manchester line. Captain Huish read the report, which announced the conditional agreement for amalgamation with the Liverpool and Manchester line. The latter company having already created new £4O shares this year, to extinguish their debt, and the Grand Junction having issued new £l2 10s. shares, to meet their subscription to the Lancaster and Carlisle Company, it has been arranged that each holder of a Grand Junction £lOO share, or other stock equivalent in amount, shall have a new £25 share, and that being done, that the whOle shall be consolidated on equal terms in one capital stock, (instead of shares,) under clauses in the bill to which, with the concurrence of the trustees, the directors intended to apply in the ensuing session of parliament. The proprie tors were probably aware that the Liverpool and Man chester Company have already agreed on terms for the amalgamation of the North Union Railway, including the Bolton and Preston line, with their undertaking ; and the directors had no hesitation in stating their opinion, that, by the union of the varied interests now about to be com bined, important advantages would be secured. The ne cessity for obtaining increased accommodation in Liver pool, without being dependent on another company, had long pressed seriously on the attention of the board, and it had become desirable to shorten the distance to Bir mingham, by avoiding the bend round by Newton. The first of these objects will be secured without the necessity for a further destruction of expensive property, by the formation of a new line, for a traffic that may be accom modated by the existing one; and the attainment of the second will now be facilitated by the united exertions and influence of the companies. The report concluded by stating that the various preliminary measures had been taken to obtain legislative sanction to the branch lines to Shrewsbury and the Potteries, and the line from Stafford, through the Trent valley to Rugby. The report was adopted.----Mr. Evans asked whether it was not incumbent on the united companies to return to the corporation the sum of £2500, exacted from that body to improve tlie front of the railway stat i on in Lime-street; but the chair man said the subject could not then be entertained.—On the moticn of Mr. Elias Mozley, a vote of thanks was carried to the chairman, fur his zealous exertions on all occasions. LIVERPOOL COLLEGIATE INSTITUTION. CHRISTMAS DISTRIBUTION OF PRIZES. On Friday, the friends of the above well-conducted in stitution assembled to witness the half-yearly distribution of prizes, which took place in the lecture-hall of the col leg,. The middle and upper galleries, which were appro priated to the relatives of the pupils, were crowded with a most respectable assembly of ladies and gentlemen. The body of the hall was devoted to the students, and the stage was completely filled. Shortly after eleven o'clock, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Chester appeared on the platform, and took the chair, amidst loud acclamations. On the right of his lordship were James Lawrence, Esq., Mayor of Liver pool, the Rev. Rector Brooks, the Rev. H. M'Neile, the Rev. Dr. Tattershall, Thomas Sands, Esq., the Rev. T. Nolan, the Rev. H. Hampton, G. Kendall, Esq., the Rev. J. H. Stewart. &c. On his lordship's left were the Rev. W. J. Conybeare, M.A., principal of the institu tion, the Rev. Dr. Booth, and the Rev. J. H. Brown, M.A., vice principals, the Masters of the different classes in the institution, Rd. Harbord, Esq., J. Tinne, Esq., Lord Bangor, Josias Booker, Esq., C. Groves, Esq., Rev. F. Barker, W. Jones, Esq., J. Tyrer. Esq., Lord Moly neux, W. Jones, Esq., Jas. Procter, Esq., &c. The pro ceedings were opened by the scholars raising the chaunt " Jam lucis orto sidere." The LORD BISHOP then addressed the meeting as fol lows :—" My young friends, I beg you to he assured that I feel great pleasure in renewing the visit whichl paid you at this season of last year, and still more to find the institution proceeding in tne same course of usefulness and prosperity that I witnessed a year ago. It has perceptibly increased in prosperity since the announce ment of those interesting exhibitions of which -you re ceived an account at the last distribution of prizes. I cannot tell you how much I rejoice to find an institution like this, which is in its infancy, as far as the years of its existence are concerned, presenting the advancement and maturity of age, and possessing many of the privileges and advantages which, in general, belong only to ancient establishments and long-endowed places. When I find an institution prosper as this has evidently done, it is na tural to look for the reasons which have drawn so great a degree of Divine blessing upon it; and it is difficult to bt-l'eve that it is not altogether owing to the principles in which it has been founded and conducted, and which have been fully maintained in its course thus far. You cannot be too grateful for the advantages of a sound education, founded on the principles of religion —an education in which religion is a constituent part—not a lesson to be learnt only, but to be acted upon—not merely that obser vance which is to distinguish Sunday, but that which should govern your conduct all the days of the week. Those who are here educated are taught that the talents and faculties given them are to be cultivated, not for their temporal advantage alone, but that they may best serve God, the author of every good and perfect gilt ; and they are here brought up to look to their taients and advantages as the gift of God, and to dedicate them in some degree to his service; and their total dependence upon those principles with which they are carefully embued in youth. It is by those principles alone that we can account for the prosperity of the institution. It is stldom that a new machine is brought at once to perfection ; some parts have to. be re-cast, and some changes are necessary ere it will work well. But this institution pre sents at once a work in which is perfect harmony in every part, and which requires no new adjustment or altera tion. Where there are so many human beings collected together, there are prtsented many elements of discord which may produce a jarring effect upon the whole, al though all else may be harmonious. But when we find in such an institution a continuous course precisely the reverse of what might be expected, it would be unphilo sophical to ascribe this result to no cause, and it would be ungrateful to ascribe it to any cause but that to which I have alluded—namely, the principles in which the insti tution was begun, continued, and is now carried on. (Applause.) One of the advantages of the present gene t- tton is that religion is now made an essential part of education—that young people are .not now taught every. thing but that which it behoves them most to know, as their fathers and grandfathers too often were. You, my young friends, may not understand thi s now ; b ut you may believe that which the experience of your older friends will tell you, that the principles of religion in which you are instructed in your youth will become of more and more value to you as the value of everything eise becomes less and less, and that they will stand you in stead when the time comes that everything else shall be of no value at all. (Applause.) I did not think it right to distribute the prizes a ithout these few remarks; but we will now proceed to that part of the business of the meeting which my young friends will, no doubt, think of more importance. The distribution of the Upper School prizes was then commenced by the Rev. Principal calling upon the plat form A. Wilson, who was entitled to the Senior Divinity medal, and Adam Storey Farrar, to whom was awarded the Senior Historical medal. The Venerable Prelate, in presenting the prizes, re marked—l see, Wilson, that your medal is given you for the intimate knowledge you have displayed of Paley's Evidences of Christianity. it is of vast importance that you enter upon the world with a ti ue and intimate ac quaintance with the evidences on which our divine religion is founded. A good man, w ith whose writings you will probably hereafter become better acquainted, has said, sometimes you will be accustomed ,c) hear doubts cast upon your religion. I would advise you to act as the man who is told that h's house is in d +tiger of failing : he goes into the cellar and examines the foundation, and if all there be firm, and show no signs of shaking, he comes back with his mind at rest, and he sleep , in confidence and ease. When, therefore, infidel doubts assail you, you owe to your own search and examination the knowledge that the foundations of your religion are not to be shaken. 1 Paley. His works have made it the characteristic of infi del scruples, that they are not addressed to the possessors of knowledge, but to the ears of ignorance. I am, there fore, happy to think you will enter upon the world with such a well-grounded faith. The rpnae of Farrar is fami liar to me ; it was my duty to give you a prize at my last visit. I, therefore, now present you with this m e d a l w i t h great satisfaction ; your deserving it is a proof that your exertions have not been relaxed, and I trust they never will be relaxed in the execution of those duties you may in after life be calh.d on to perform. The rest of the students in the upper school, entitled to prizes, were next called forward, and having received the rewards of the r merit from the hands of the Bishop, the Right Rev. Prelate dismissed them, with praises for their past exertions, and expressions of encouragement to in duce their perseverance. _ _ The Rev. PRINCIPAL, in introducing J. Leake and W. G. Wilks, of the middle school, to the Lord Bishop (the former being entitled to the divinity medal, and the latter to the nomination to the upper school), remarked, that he knew not whether to feel disappointed or pleased, as tho friends of Wilks, being satisfied with his distinguished progress, and thinking he would possibly make better progress under the direction of those masters by whose instructions he had already profited so much, Ind declined the acceptance of the free nomination to the upper school, to which he was entitled. Tne Loan BISHOP remarked that it bad truly been said that it was a great thing to be able to despise that which others think of great importance; and although the winner of this honour had so early in life been thus en abled to refuse what would be highly esteemed by others, it was to be hoped it would not lead him to despise further improvement. The other prize was awarded for a profi ciency in the study of the Church Cathechism, which was a compilation of those true and holy doctrines which, although in bygone centuries encrusted in a shell of cor ruptions and errors, had been handed down to the present age unconsaminated and unimpaired from the earliest times. His lordship then presented the prizes, and ex• pressed his hope that they would prove a stimulus for in creased endeavours to acquire the like honours on future occasions. The boys who were entitled to special and class prizes in the middle school were now called up, and his lordship delivered to each the reward of merit, and dismissed them with wishes for their continued advancement. The prizes in the lower school were next delivered to those entitled to them by the bishop. The Rev. Principal then introduced to the Lord Bishop three youths from the evening school, who were entitled to rewards. He begged to remark, that these prizes were something of a novelty ; none having been before given to the students in this school. Rolteston's prize was awarded for his proficiency in English History ; Teare's for arithmetic; and that of the third, whose name we understood to be Penn, for figure draivine. The Lord Bishop expressed the great satisfaction he felt in giving these prizes. The fact of their gaining them proved that the principles which had been incu!cated at first in compliance with the desires of their friends, were put in practice now they had power to act and to choose for themselves; and that instead of spending their time in indolence and idle amusement, they had chosen to im prove. The prizemen were greeted with loud applause on leav ing the platform ; and the Principal then directed the scholars to sing " Jubilate Deo," which was accordingly done—the whole assembly joining in the psalm. The following is a list of prizes : UPPER SCHOOL PRIZES. SPECIAL PRIZES. SENIOR DIVINITY MEDAL.—A. Wilson. SENIOR HISTORICAL MEDAL.—A. S. Farrar. JUNIOR HISTORICAL MEDAL.—Henry Wilson. SENIOR MATIIEMA .ICAL MEDAL.—William Semple. CLASS PRIZES Class Prize, Ist Class, Egerton Scholarship.—Farrar, in work of the half year.—Obtained Certificate. T. Hodgson. Class Prize, 2d Class.—E. S. Jones, in work of the half year.— Obtained certificate, Jos. Booker. Class Prize, ad Gloss, Upper. —Joseph Mallaby, jun., in work of the ha f year.—Certificates obtained, Ridley ; Seddon. Lower. D. B. Paiute, in work of the Half Year.—Obtained certificate, Buckley. Clas • Pri:ze, 4t::, Class, lst.—William Clare, in work of the half year.—Obtained certificates, Etoyds ; Robert Burton. 2d.— Richard Greenell, in work of the half year.—Obtained certifi cates, Dixon; Wrigley. Class Prize, sth Class.—John Rogers, in work of the half year. —Obtained certificate, 13 , uch. Class e,Gre Class.- 1 1 Peel, jun„ in work of the half year. —Obtained certificate, Irvine. Class Prize, Preparatory Class.—Jones, in the work of the half year. EXTRA PR,IZEiI Divinity Pri.ve for .L.:nior ClaQses given by Mr:Conybeare.—E.L. sen.—Lives of the BOlierniail Reformers. P.'ize fo;• Jet;t;o;• Class, , s. given by Dr. Booth.—T. H. Halketi—Vulgar and Decimal Fractions. MIDDLE SCHOOL PRIZES. SPECIAL PIUZES Divinity, Medal. —J. Leake, Church Cat - clliFna, to be said by heart explained rnd confilmed by Scriptu'e. Nominatio,t, to Upper School.—W. G. NN ilks, in the work of the ha f year, and ah die %xam nations. Senior Hi. , ilor;eal and Geogranhical illedal.—W. G. Wilks, (not e : Rome, iron the Expul=ion of the Kings to the Battle of Actium. Geography . the Coasts of the Medi terranean (ancient and modern). Junior Historical and Geographical Prize.—T, Spence—History : all contained in Markham. Geography: the Coasts of the Mediterranean, Black Sea, and Baltic. (modern). Ist Mathematical and Arithmetical Medal.—W. C. Sillitoe—Ma thcmatics and Arithmetic, for first and second classes. 2nd Ditto.—James Roberts—Mathematics and Arithmetic, for third and fourth classes. 3rd Ditto.—J. R. Jones—Arithmetic, fifth and sixth classes. 4th Ditto.—J. Rigby—Arithmetic, for upper seventh and lower seventh. sth Ditto.—Jos. Burroughs—Arithmetic, for upper eighth and lower eighth. Ist FrencSMedal.—R. T. Price—first and second classes. 2nd Ditto.—G. P. Fisher--Third and fourth classes. Srd Ditto.— Jos. Reeves—Fifth and sixth classes. lot Drawing Medal.—J. Harbord —First and second classes. 2nd Ditto.—G. Smith—Third and fourth classes. 3rd Ditto.—S. J. Byrne—Fifth and sixth classes. Ist Penmanship Medal.—W Bailey—First and second classes. 2nd Ditto.—T. H. Jones—Third and fourth classes. 3rd Ditto.—H. Green—Fifth an I sixth classes. 4th Ditto.—E. Bunbury—Up; er seventh and lower seventh. sth Ditto.—J. H. Binmore—Upper eighth and lower eighth. CLASS PRIZES. Ist Class.—(l.)—W. G. Wilks—Work of the half year. (2. — Ditto, PO - 2TF.It'S SCHOLARSHIP—W. C. Sillitoe, in work of the half year—obtained certificate, J. B. M'Quie. 2nd Class.—(l.)—Prize of Books—J S. Legett, In work of the half year—Obtained ceitificate, R. Kershaw. (2.—Ditto—J. Leake, in work of the half year—Obtained ceitificate, G. W. Skerrett. 3rd Class.—(l.)—Prize of Books.—W. T. Kendall, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate. H. Cordeaux. (2.)—Ditto. R. Sher; house, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, J. W. Humble. 4th Class.—(l.)—Prize of Books.—W. B. Jones, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, G. Frodsham. (2.) ditto—W. Inman, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, W. Kendall. sth Class.—(l) Prize of Books.—Jas. Higgins, in work of the half ye r—Obtained certificate, L. M'Coy. (2) Ditto.—P. S. Holt, in work of the half year. 6th Class.—[l) Prize of Books.—H. Green, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, T. Hooten. (2) Ditto.— C. C. Deane, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, W. Davis. (W. Jones ?) Upper 7th Class —(1) Ditto.—R. Doke, in work of the half year —Obtained certificate, E. B. Roose. (2) Ditto.—J. Rigby, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, James Williams. Lower 7th Class.—(l) Ditto —H. H. Hammond, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, N. G. P. Bousfield. r 2) Ditto. —J. Cook, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, H. Wolstenholme. Upper Bth Class.—(l) Ditto.—J. B. Hughes, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, J. R. Willasey. (2) Ditto.— James Pendlebtuv, in work of the half year. Lower Bth Class.—(l) Ditto.--Arthur J. S., in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, Walker Jos. (2) Ditto.--W. Prel ler. in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, W. Adcock. Head Master's Prize.—G. Smith. Mr. Hanac'.• Eit,712871 Prize.—C. Birch. Mr. Wilson's Classical Prize.—J. Conway. LOWER SCHOOL PRIZES. SPECIAL P 117 E%. ellior Dirinity Prize.—George Jordan—From 13th to 21st chapter of St. John's Gospel, committed to memory and ex plained. tion to the Middle School.—Owen Owen, in work of the half yea , . Ist Hi,to ieal Prize.—Edwin Yates, in the whole of Keightley's England. 2d Ditto.—George Herbert—Callcett's England. Ist Ari.:; metical Medal.—Thomas Woodward—All contained in Thorns, n's Arithmetic. 2d Ditto.—John Simmor d—Arithmetic to Interest. Ist Penma,ship Medal.—William Batey. 2d Ditto.—Edward Morris. CLASS :11 ZNS. Ist Class.—(l) MOLYNEUX SCHOLJVISDIP.— Thomas Atkinson, in work of the half year—Obtained certificat-, Chas. Cranage. (2) 2d MOLY:VEIT.: SCHOLAfI SIIIP.—J, R. Adams, in work of the half yea . 2d Clas3.—(l Ist P.•ize.—John Halden, in work of the half year —Obtained certificate, Joseph Adamson. (2; 2d Prize.—John Davies, in work of the half year. 3d Class.—(l) ;st Prize.—Jos. Beousire, in work of the half year —Obtained ( ertificate, Wm. (:rifilths. (2) 2d Prize.—Richard Brittain, in work of the half year. Class.—(l) Ist Prize.—Geldai t Dotson. in work of the half year--Obtained certificate, Joseph Leicester. (2) 2d Prize.— E. R. Griffiths, in work of the half ; - ear. sth Class.—(l) Ist Prize.—George Holmes, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, Wm. Lancaster. (2) 2d Prize.— ... Arthur Stother. in work of the half year. ' Gth Class.—(l) Ist Prize•—Richard Wrieht, in work of the half year—Obtained certificate, Thos. Jackson. ( ) 2d Prize.— Robert Williams, in work of the half year. The Right Rev. PRELATE then addressql the scholars as follows :—I cannot conclude without expressing the pleasure I feel to see here before me so many who are in structed in that which will be for their benefit, both in time and eternity; and when I reflect that many here will some day !rave an influence over others, every one must perceive the importance and the advantage of being brought up in principles which will teach them to act towards others in accordance with the Christian rule. I beg to tender my warmest thanks to the Principal and Master of the Institution, who have carried out the prin ciples and intentions of the founders with a zeal and de votedness, which can only be equalled by the Christian liberality which established the Institution. They, how ever, do not look alone to the kind feelings and warm ap proval of the public for their recompense, but to the ap proval of their own hearts and the satisfaction of having performed their duty. It has been well said that the only applause that governors and rulers ought to hope or care for, is the welfare of those over whom they rule'; and I am sure, my young friends, that your masters wish for no other compliment or reward than your onward progress, strict attention, and cheerful obedience. (Cheers.) The R , .v. PRINCIPAL said that before the close of the proce din's he wished to remark that the certificate gained by T. Hodgson, of the upper school was no com mon certificate ; he had been exceedingly pleased with his industry and attention, and it was alone owing to his po sition is the class that he did not obtPin a prize. He might say the same of Josias Booker, who stood in a like position in the second class. Ti .e scholars than sang, in beantiful style, the national anthem. The Rev. Rector BROOKS, Chairman of the Board of nireetnra cairl that hafara tha was one duty yet remaining, and that would be felt by all present to be more a pleasure than a duty, and that was to return thanks to the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of the Diocese fcr favouring them with his presence on this occasion, (Applause.) When they considered the mani fold labours and extensive duties which the management and care of so extensive a diocese imposed upon his lord ship, they would consider themselves peculiarly fortunate in obtaining a portion of his valuable time. His lordship's presence was a guarantee to the public that they were going on in those principles in which they had com menced ; and it was an encouragement to the directors and mastors to receive his approbation. He therefore felt certain all would heartily concur in the vote of thanks which he proposed. _ _ . . The Rev. PRINCIPAL feelingly expressed his personal gratitude to the Lord Bishop, and also that of the other masters, and of the institution at large. His Worship the MAYOR also expressed his entire con currence in all that had fallen from the two last speakers, and seconded the motion. The Right Rev. PRELATE said lie felt greatly obliged for their kind expressions towards him, but he felt that he did not deserve any thanks. He was somewhat like on: who came in after the battle was won, and who was then requested to take his full share of the glory of the triumph. The Right Rev. Prelate then left the chair amidst a round of the most heaTty applause, and the meeting separated. CORRESPONDENCE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD Sta,—As I reserve the expression of some opinions, in a second letter to Lord Sandon, for a period nearer ap proaching to the opening of the session, I address this to you in order expressly to state that nothing was further from my intention, in the preceding letter, than to throw any doubt on his lordship's Conservatism ; and I believe that nothing is expressed to that effect, my introductory observations being merely incidental and general. His lordship was no patty whatever to the interior or exterior decorations of the church in question, and concerned only in the distribution of the pews.* I was desirous that his lordship should be aware that the opinions expressed in your journal, on the policy of the present premier, whe ther relating to the Church or State, pervaded the county in which he resides, where the press is essentially in the hands of dissenters, and therefore available only for a mawkish and soi-disant neutrality. 'You must be aware, sir, that. admitting Lord Sandon to he the Bayard of his political order, be will be placed in a very difficult position in the ensuing session. Consi dering, as I do, that there is a path of distinction marked out for him in the future, he cannot be too distinctly ap prised of what the nation expects from him, as regards the integrity of the Constitution in Church and State. The time is not yet arrived for a change in the ministry ; and a division of the house that left the premier in a mi nority, or even in a very small majority, might place us at present is a worse dilemma than being dragged for a time in his train. It cannot be denied that Sir R. Peel, in succeeding to office after so many years of Whig trickery and delusion, had a very difficult part to perform •, but of his honesty of purpose I never doubted. H is predecessors had let loose and tallyho' d ! as many mongrel rzforifiers of the age and the empire against the Constitution as Canning threatened to let slip from the democracy of Europe, against the Holy Alliance; and the Whig aristocracy suffered more in their prestige of rank and character from the grossness of such support than they will recover in another century. But still there was "ample room and verge enough" for a firm Conservative leader to do more for the people than Sir R. Peel has done; and at the same time have spared him the apparent necessity, in his nervous apprehensinns, seeking to minister to the insolent tyranny and conciliate the rampant ambition of trading agitators. Sir R. Peel was warned early in 1842, of " breakers a-head !" but with the cold self-complacency of his nature, he continued his steerage on the rocks and shallows with as much confi dence as though he were navigating the depths of the Pa cific. If he had cast an eye on that shrewd pilot of the Times, who for a period carried a sailing colour of Pu seyism, and is hourly on the look-out for the currents of public opinion, as different events transpire, he must have been aware that he was out of his reckoning. That jour nal has now lightened itself of the midway or purgatorial Protestantism, whether in the abstract or concrete, and let all its Tractarianism go by the board. The late course taken by some of our most distinguished bishops has added greatly to the delicacy and difficulty of a Conserva tive statesman in Lord Sandon's position. He can neither support them, nor, with safety, take up any intermediate position for them to fall back upon, in order to break their fall; and yet Conservatism will, in one form or ano ther, be expected to come to the rescue.* With dense fogs investing the shore, and storms brewing around them, all that the noble lord and his faithful colleagues can do, will be to maintain a good offing. Our statesmen must consider that with the public mind there is no recess. That which is going forward daily and hourly among the people constitutes the raw material (if I may so apply the term) of subjcts discussed at Privy Councils, and for future parliamentary debates. At the moment lam ring, the conflict of churchwardens, the rural and other c'ergy, and their diocesans, is being car ried into tile, bight st ecclesiastical authorities. The laity Dec. 17, 184 i. did not commence this unseemly contest; they srltightn o change. They contend for the status quo; they seek oci more, and they will accept no less. q sc u l e io n o c l e e ' d Aware that Sir Robert Peel is a conciliator and trim mer by design and system, his opponents have, in conse bbeyco;nteGsuyisztoettr ..tincotagtogrseascsroirfisc.e la grande has been tique a /a petite." A good understanding uithfirFarnatinele.,°l3.ll; was told, " was worth more than Syria." The p u p il Is following the principle out, considering that good terms with Popery, in Ireland, are of more account than.the preservation of the little affair of the Protestant establish: ment in that section of the empire. But la grande lique is made up of les petites ; which, light as they mat be with the premier, constitute in Ireland the sum total of the loyalty and allegiance of the country. The govern' merit which Popery has learnt to despise, it will OW learntodefy ;),,,aervtey to b every concession conciliated, cessionex whilecitingonly tempt the coa• of theit is, Qp his own admission, estranging the friends of the conciliation. We are told by philosophers, that throughout nature the c p o o w lr d t i o ce, p n re o s r er a v d e d is to gr h e i a s te s r li t d h in an , sthcaelepoinwegrrationd, ehsitsra If Sir Robert Peel cannot learn courage, let him not te ach dined plane of backsliding in prinCiple. Principiis obstat said our old worthy Sir Walter Scott ; " oppose all intro" vation on the constitution which has placed Great Brlt ol at the head of the world, and will keep her there, unless she choose to descend of her own accord." ALPHA. * In the papalicing of the interior of the fine old pari sh church, by taking down the gallery and levelling the laity ti restored (?) structure will contai n 300 l ess sittings than it al. before. WHAT IS THE USE OF COMMERCIAL TREATIES ? . TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD' SlR,—Under the above title there appears in the Liver: pool Mercury of the 29th ult. a curious dialogue, between a Chinaman and a Frenchma n , wr itt en by a "clear thi ng. er, who knows as much about mercan til e transactions as ,_ any man in the world," upo n w hi c h I h a d intended to offer a few remarks in your p a p er o f th e following Te es. , day. Circumstances, howe ver , p reven t e d m e carrying my intention into effect, but I hope th a t the time has not y,„ passed away when a brief examination of a few of the ,o gurnents contained therein will be productive of benefi e ". results, by exposing to those who mi g ht be inclined other' wise to regard them as undeni a bl e an d t rue , their fa lse and s , phistical nature. It would occupy too much of your valuable space t(). comment upon each query and rep l y ; I s h a ll . th e re content myself with one or two, which have evidently been concocted with the greatest care and ingenuity. After a short discussion telative to the duties charg e !' ble upon British goods imported into China, in which th e Frenchman displays a feeling of deep-rooted animosity towards England, the Chinaman proceeds thus—" We have the advantage of not only buying cheaper, but 81 : " benefitted in other respe c t s t oo ; f or if a t th e l ow duty are able to buy twice as much of his (John Bull's) wares as we would at the half duty, h e mus t t a k e tw i ce as much of our teas to pay for them, an d t w i ce th e d eman d raises their value, which is so much the better for us, as it takes less of our property to satisfy his chaise s." Now, Sir , .'t examining this paragraph, I s h a ll t rea t it as embodying the views of the writer of the dialogue, and not as mer ely the Chinaman's reply to th e Frenchman's interrogatorY• The drift of the argu m e n t a pp ears t o b e t hi s , that the low duty upon British goods imported into China enables the Chinese to purchase twice the quantity they otherwl could do, and that, consequently, twice the quantity e„ tea is required to pay for tho se goo d s ; th at t hi s demon" for tea enhances its value, and therefore the Chinese at e called upon to part with less of their property to satis fi the British claims. Now, Mr. Editor, looking at this a s a question of demand, in which light alone the writer al 3 ' pears to have considered it, the argument is false. Th e , e t e exists, it appears, a d o ubl e d eman d f or B r i t i s h goo ds, aew d as a necessary conseque nc e, a s i m il ar l y i ncrease d demon for tea. The " clear-thinker" thinks that a rise in the t price of tea will follow this increased d e m an d ; will ; but he forgot to think that the increased demaa,' for British goods st ill cause a corresponding rise in the ir price. The actual value of the tea will, doubtless, be en' hanced, but its relative va l ue w ill b e t h e same , a nd the Chinese will still be compelled to part with the sac°, amount of property to satisfy th e B r iti s h c l a i ms. Bat i e " us take into cons:deration the question of supply also' which appears to have been completely overlooked. Now' every man of common sense knows, that in calculati n g upon the probable range of price of any article, he r en A s take into consideration the supply as well as the &math" It is not always that an increased demand, in the long run, is accompanied by a high range of prices ; take, for example, cotton, and let this writer say whether, although its consumption has increased to an enormous extent within the last few years, the price has risen, or r ather whether it has not fallen very considerably, and whether at this present time, when the consumption of the raw material is still daily increasing, its price is not lower tha n ever was known tefore. And all this arises from an, in creased supply. Now, api. ly this to the case of tea. "r pose that the increased demand was followed by a greater proportionate increase of supply ; as a natural costae" quence prices would fall ' • and then, supposing that Do' tish goods maintained their value, who would be the gainer, England or China ? Let ihe " clear-thinker" try to answer that. I feel that I have already occupied t oo great a space t . e enter fully upon the demerits of other portions of his COl loquy ; and I shall therefore notice briefly one or two more points. Towards the close of the dialogue, the Chinaman says' " The balance of gain is in our favour;" a n d a gain " 1 ." balance of account is a very different thing f r om the Da' lance of advantage. In ..tv• one-sided business. Fiscal regulations may stop busineS 3 altogether, but the r xchange of equivalents must be equal, directly or indirectly ; they do not make each other pre sents of their property." To which the Frenchman re plies—" Then, if I understand you, you think nations deal with each other as individuals do, in exchanging their wares; each gets from the other what is more valuable than that which he parts with, and thus both get rich.'" " Certainly," adds the enlightened Chinaman. A mass of statements more confused and contradictory than the above I never met with. We are told that " balance of account and a balance of trade" cannot existe that " the exchange of equivalents must be equal," and that in money matters nations never do a one-sided busi ness ; yet, in spite of all this, we are likewise told told that a " balance of vain" does exist, that " each gets iron: , ' the other that which is more valuable than what he parts with," and that " thus both get rich." Can the clear: thinker " reconcile these confli c ti n g s t a t em e n ts with each other? I think he cannot. But, perhaps, be will explain what he means by his four balances, v i z , th e balance of gain, of account, of advant age , an d o f t ra d e , an d will also define the term " money m att ers ." I s it no t disgraeow' in an individuol who lays claim to intellectual superioritY! endeavouring to establish his opinions by arg uments; absurd as they are false. B u t, aga i n , i n hi s l as t replY , , t ,,, Chinaman says, "large con s u m p t i on o f i mpor t s , at „ er duties, produces the greatest revenue ." It i s a rat,is h singular coincidence, that in the colu mn a dj o ining i ti a dialogue, the editor, in his remarks on the presidMat election in America, has the followin g :—" It i s said * - 0 0 Mr. Polk and his party ent e rt a i n ver y mo difi e d ~ t s he this head (the tariff), and that the replenishment 0 .1 treasury, which has been the result of that measure, ' o' f inclined them to recommend a very p ar ti a l a lteration ths its duties, or none at all." Hence, it appears that American tariff, which is well known to be a scale of big duties, has been the means of repleni s hi n g an empty e: , chequer, which low duties had failed to do. Which, WI are we to believe, the Chinaman's theory or the edite e w fact ? Did time and space permit, I think I could sh e cv , that the whole dialogue is c o m posed of similar alio!' ties; these remarks, however. must suffice for the pr at sent, and should you think them worth insertion in Y ° paper of Tuesday next, you will much oblige Your obedient ssrvant, VINDEA' Liverpool, 121 Is December, 1844. SHIPBUIL TO THE EOITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. have your assu rance i n y our l as t pa per that - the the party to whom I attributed a letter which appeared he re STANDARD is not the au th or o f t h a t l e t ter , it is, Won fore, right in m e to recei ve th a t assurance, w hich It a s happy in doing. It is also right in me to presume 0944tT' my letter has not been answered, th a t th e i m putatio build e on the profession.' cha r a c t er o f Li ver p oo l s hip are unfounded. I am. Sir, your obedient servant, Skip Yard, Clarence D j oOckH, N ni N h V D I L ec S . O , 1N84G4.11,8E5• rea S tr E nu. i L sgu E hTa C tl T h, aea V cten E aou S um : no f VESTRY.--T UESDAY.—The -- of: T xxppa t: eus E np3 s de n ilrt A s6us Y irn.e . 9 — tohdf T e.: h wnb e oae s inrn e kd c gh r oo e 4uu t 4t a s : ed Col ao_ r : e ssret P A: : :: ' er r : st, :: ...................,.... n eed fortnight, of the latter, 6,817 cases were relieved during th e i ) l o - 4 £29 12s. 2d. in money less than at the same Pe lll2- c: 9l was 1,842, who cost ls. 6jd. per head, and in " 3 ",,,ber £166 18s. 7-id. ;at the sane time in 1843, the nu'libe was 1,889, at ls. 6id. per head, and £147 Ils. 6id• aS report from the fever hospit a l s i nce th e 26th NO' ' - 54; follows: cases left at last report, 75 ; s i nc e admitted, 0, discharged, 59 ; dead, 6 ; remaining of fever, 6th Decweeed ber, 64. Of those persons whO died of fever, ' v e r 00 ; dischaiged, 5 ; remaining 6th December, 8. brought into the house in a dying state. Sina'l' 131 cases left at last report, 5 ; since admitted, 8 ' cases left at last report, 9 ; since admitted, 4; tota l is: 7th December, 8. opthal'l3; tota l, l o. discharged, 5 • remainingßy the co l ters' book, under date of the 7th December, the ge ° state of the workhouse continues very favour'able• n . p a tea SUDDEN DEATHS.—Wm. Taylor, a child, ae-iuton weeks, of Prophet-street, was found dead in bed on 0 . 0 1, day morning. seven The o, deceased clocko n b al‘diobnedeanyurcerlil)if:gr, B...EeviZsyva; beth Horton, aged three weeks, of Gascoyne-streer, red, taken seriously unwell, her fece became much discoloured, and she evinced symptoms of intense pain. Short l as ea Mr. Deane, surgeon, was sent for, but the dec e .o. o f the i ; da y expired before he arrived. It is the opinion geon that the deceased died of convulsions. —On 81 -l r , of night, as Alexander Chapman, a boy about nine V ' " Othe r ' age, of Finch-street, was retiring to bed with his breath he appeared to be labouring under a difficulty of 1 female't' ing, and died the following morning.—An elderlyues, named Mary Lynch, was found dead in her bed, 0 . 1 -1 ' T ie day morning last, at her residence in Toxteth-per ls 'ly of deceased had corn p l a ined for some time Pre"""fona asthma; but, on apes/ mortent examination, it sv , s Ae r, that she died of a disease of the lungs.—On Toes; ' o f Catherine Pritchard was out washing, at the Toes; Mr. Hughes, Williim-street, end, while so engn. e ij, called out, " Oh, Mr. Hughes," and immediately 1 and expired. r: