The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-06-19 00:00:00

must either be' forced into one. or it must be pumped out through the other of these. In making arrangements to carry oat any system of artificial ventilation, it should always be borne in mind that every pair of human lungs spoils fifty sackful of air every twenty-four hours. A square hole half an inch across both ways would just allow this quantity to pass through it in twenty-four hours, if moving •at the rate of twenty inches each second, the velocity of an almost impel-Cep tible breeze.—Dr. Mann's Guide to the Knowledge of Life. SRIRIT OF WINE FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES.—A. government bill has .been brought in to carry out the recom mendations of a scientific commission that spirit of wine be allowed to be used free of duty in - the arts and manufactures. The spirit of wine must be not less than 50 per cent. over probf, and in a quantity of 450 gallons at one time, mixed with not less than one-ninth of its bulk measure of wood naphtha or methylic alcohol, the object of mixing it with the latter being to render the compound so unpalatable as to be unfit for use as an intoxicating beverage. The mixture is to be termed." methylated spirit." Persons other than distillers or rectifiers, must pay £1 10s. annually for a license to make methylated spirit. The wood naphtha is to be inspected by the officers of Excise befOre mixing, and may be provided by the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, at the expense of the parties, if the former think fit to do so. Methylated spirits is not to be supplied to persons whose licenses may have been revoked. This act is to take effect on the Ist of October. EXTRAORDINARY SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. —A discovery has been made in Paris, by which any metallic poison, such as lead, mercury, or arsenic, may be extracted from the system by the potent agency of electricity. The modus operandi is as follows :—A metallic bath is insulated on glass legs, and partially filled with acidulated water, to convey more readily the electrical currents. The patient lies upon a seat in the tub, insulated entirely from the bath. When gold, silver, or mercury is in the system, nitre or hydrocholoric acids are employed. When lead is suspected, the acid used is sulphuric. This done, the negative pole of the battery is put in connection with the bath, while the positive pole is in the hands of the patient. "Now the work of purification commences. The elec tricity precipitates itself, hunts, digs, searches, and discovers every particle of metallic substance concealed in the most pro found tissues, bones, nerves, and joints of the patient, resolves them into their primitive forms, and extracting them from the human organism, deposits them upon the side of the bath, where they can be seen with the naked eye. INTERESTING FACT. —The Scientific American says : " History informs us that many of, the countries of Europe which now possess very mild winters, at one time experienced severe cold during this season of the year. The Tiber, at Rome, was often frozen over, and snow at one time lay for forty days in that city. The Euxine Sea was frozen over every winter during the time of Ovid, and the rivers Rhine And Rhone used to be frozen over so deep that the ice sus tained loaded waggons. The waters of the Tiber, Rhine, and Rhone, now flow freely every winter ' • ice is unknown in Rome, and the waves of the Euxine dash their wintry foam uncrystalized upon the rocks. Some have ascribed these climate changes to agriculture—the cutting down of dense forests, the exposing of the upturned soil to the summer's sun, and the draining of great marshes. We do not believe that such great changes could be produced on the climate of any country by agriculture, and we are certain that no such theory can account for the contrary change of climate—from warm to cold winters —which history tells us has taken place in other countries than those named. Greenland received its name from the emerald herbage which once clothed its valleys and mountains ; and its east coast, which is now inaccessible on account of perpetual ice heaped upon its shores, was, in the eleventh century, the seat of flourishing Scandinavian colonies, all trace of which is now lost. Cold Labrador was named Vinland by the Northmen, who visited it A. D. 1000, and were charmed with its then mild climate. The cause of these changes is an important inquiry. A pamphlet has recently been published in London, in which the autho endeavours to attribute these changes of climate to the changeable position of the magnetic poles." SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD .of any kind has been used, this should also be removed, if not previously done. See that Cherries are not allowed to suffer from their enemy the black fly, and endeavour to keep all fruit trees perfectly clear of insects: KITCHEN . GsupEN.—The early Celery should be planted out without loss of time, and this must be well supplied with water until it gets established, and indeed throughout the summer. If not planted between lines of Peas, or in a shady situation, the plants should be protected from bright sun shine for a week or so after planting, and see that there are plenty of plants coming on for the succession and late crops. Give all necessary attention to Tomatoes, ridge Cucumbers, &c., until they get fairly established. After well soaking the strawberry beds with water the surface should be mulched, in order to keep the ground cool and prevent evaporation. It is a very usual practice to use the plowings of the lawn for this purpose ; but this is the worst article that could be used, as it spoils the fruit by adhering to it, and in damp weather imparts to it an unpleasant flavour, and hastens decay. Next to tiles or slates, clean straw is the best article for this pur pose, and where this cannot be obtained, the rankest portion of the litter from the stable-yard may be used instead, and there need be no fears entertained about this spoiling the flavour of the fruit, for exposure to the air, and a few showers will perfectly sweeten it, and, although more troublesome to apply, it will be found to answer the purposes as well as clean straw. Give Asparagus beds a liberal supply of manure water, and where there is plenty of this at command it may be given with advantage to such things as Cauliflowers, Let tuce, &c. Keep the surface-soil frequently stirred among all growing crops, which will prevent the growth of weeds and strengthen the plants.—Gardeners' Chronicle. po lya , eat er cooling; then add th e rhubarb, and boil all tog e ir ' lbe 'IP half an hOur - . - - ' GREEN GOOSEBERRYWINR.—Four siev .„,. / . 0 .0, t he. 1 e i of .-. 1 13 p half ripe, and two sieves of green gor'se"'"atittiP i i icb t it , bruised, and the juice squeezed through bu , to n;j , Ol i o boiled in water, and strained through usi e .;lien qo got 620 b. loaf sugar, and 521 b. raw sugar. ' tainVitid 00 fi with the juice into an eighteen-gallon cask , ; - ;ti , for ~, , t gallonsrh The gooseberries producetmakeo a boaut nine sufficientg a V 31 7 i n a i e: t l I to ' f lions of ) ,riel!. o o ° l rtr 3l ad d ' eir 6 Eco AI Nt::k YIN SOAP.—The wife of an Arn e t tlte al o o , has been experimenting on soap, and finds t ha d o f 1f: oe three quarters of an ounce of borax to a P° l-in '0 r c ''oc ei t ''' in without. boiling, makes a saving - of one - na lath e,,,i balf / A . trecio and three-fourths the labour of washing:, 1 o tii g is'i, whiteness of the fabrics; besides, the 1101,,,f soPthe I removed, and the hands are left with a peru, d- 1 If o' l feeling, leaving nothing more to be de,3lv-' ?O' ff , i i t. - .,t ambitious washerwoman. tire o t t , tv, SHADING THE EYES.--Some people encer,liet„Attliet.,r green or other shades when am-thin, Is the o , se r foo l if 0 This is wrong. It is now ascertained by the ,".,., it, ~ ,tie shades injure the sight instead of strengthellalecte.,),, v t , O l creating heat and inflammation in the Par t 'bet ``,..tO t r i ffe ll eye be injured, and light insupportable, the, „pi i' o o % cl"' a cool linen handkerchief over it. -We hare ' I ; r efil l :, curious fact that, when the English :1 1 . 1 4 . 1 / 1 ; 0 0 1 ° 1 ' ii t ll . , Egypt, those soldiers were least affected ori''' 0 4t.. -t' had worn no fronts to their hats. . ~,,,rdooc , e , r br e Titi, F , A RICH VEAL PIE may be ade in a ,--- loin v - i i ti d l . bv p oe o ai u lle n d d a pounded stand lvane cloves. d b sroema Slice es 0 3 t following directions : Cut some steaks fro ra ;eg,' , ;, 1 1 1 th!:tli le veal ; season them with pepper, salt, I ni stas'" n t 'I" the same manner. Line a dish with 1,"%-tile ~( 1 ) ; ge t . '`the li t 1 e sters . over ' Ili v ‘ 3 , e 0,1, e ,' Place tbe . i:i it , l i s.ei si : l er 1 r! ocileetbreads, I note ; ,c, 5 of , 0 of three thin slices of ham, and fill up the di , , o f tile, A •O''' tt' l lay on the crust. When the pie is taken ogi tte „ls 01 ,ith l ' in at the top, through a funnel, a fete SP, °° ,l it lir '' gravy, and some cream, having first bthle spoonful of flour. r. AY jes't A RECEIPT FOR SA -- :Oleg g Two large 1 Unwonted softness to the salad W ye ', potatoes, passed through k.i Of ardent mustard add a single sP 0 ° 1 ": s oon ; Distrust the condiment which We 5v Da lt, But deem it not, thou man of heTbsl 3 1, L C e 3 C • To add a double quantity of salt : rco' Three times the spoon with oil of u 1 tos cil. And once with vinegar, procured frcl l teg s . True flavour needs it, and your Pc' e a ee''' ' The pounded yellow of two well-botle, 1., I. Let onion atoms lurk within the oP,h o le ; ~ And, scarce suspected, animate the %, id to s, ~ A magic teaspoon of anchovy sa uce. _, 001.5°1' . t And, lastly, on the flavoured CO'poul Then, though green turtle fail, thougill'oalt, __________Z ,s A ce n Fr t ea l nt l e r l i a l ifil a ni l l i ol d i thriaerrkmepeim-cuaetr:e—e n ii o laba t y b is o; di : ( , l __L a t0 ,1., 4 y. 1. _....-- -- ii? ,-- co f a TO OUR REAP ollibfb.figil —...•,----- , f pit hi NW O• We this day present our readers with e i d i. eg e ' t" t .a ' ii °lls ii i Supplement, which will be contin o is Ik e . , c reos e be glad to receive such contributiofts „IN )). 01 jects to which it is devoted, as ma.o t el. ,hei' , 7 ,70. tio c attractions and its usefulness.. Ora ~,,. di s i p The Supplement, though presented ll'`` y o gel i- a so 0 1. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, will b e a oa ted B: lo ob er a ., from the latter in the naloce (tf 113 C 1,1104 i' ,fre ,„f , k iii.' pages from week to week will be coo° t hee c ta ' ;a 0 0 1 ; t i t so that it may be separately bound, at ill co nt‘v"; l eg' t ic into a volume complete in itself: It trill collO il jpg es .fi p . etio . " l " ..o dilit C .. e r l , of what is strictly called News, brat , I .. i e A rts ' I see o devoted to Literature, Science, the 4 : (1 1 kio dreo 0 p ) .1 0 Economy, the Fashions, Gardening,ai so a s I 'we lt. i combining amusement with instru pleasant and cheeiful companion for th e 1 sr t he ' it ,,ks the Act. ," ,V$ The royal assent having been given to i an , i eel 011ie Stamp Dut y on Newspapers -07 g lii next S TAN the price of I ) A THE LIVERPOOL 3 E IgS l, ' AND SUPP- r 4. • WILL tiff 3!.-,o!. Unstamped ; , fi t is gy 44,, d. Stamped. J oe lit b ors s ir In this age of cheapness, when c" -. e 1110 ' ill ii i, excellency than fbr lowness qf Pi'i c ' ro ,id, a Li ' , 4 . vT will b e i` •s of t y ,TANDARD, AND aUPPLEME., -• em ajpei •- ~! duced charge, one of the cheapest Pel -- - - , I 'l. -- - - Printed and Published every Ttgst!'!",lACt‘elt' 01-4' Proprietor. ROBERT PEARSOL I,,ERAG 001, LIVERPOOL : . AlO O l ; P r ' Percy-street, at t hie S TAN oA RI , Y . r.,,, K r.fr , OFFICE.' No. 4, Sr. GEOttaii•F, G"b- TJesi.ay. June 1'.4, 18.5 i. HORTICULTURE. FLowEg GARDEN.—The weather for some days past has been just such as we like for planting out the bedding stock — ,warm and rather cloudy, with occasional showers —and, of course, the work of planting out should be well nigh if not altogether finished before this appears. Get Verbenas, Petu nias, and other things liable to be injured by wind pegged down as soon after planting out as possible, placing the shoots - so as to cover the , soil equally ; and let Dahlias be securely tied to sufficient stakes at once, if not already done. No labour shOuld be spared which may be necessary to properly care for the plants until they get fairly established, when, if the beds have been properly prepared, they will care for them selves during the rest of the season. See that plants in vases are properly supplied with water, as, if allowed to get too dry at the root but for a single day in bright weather, before they .t;et well inured to exposure and fairly established, the foliage is sure to be injured and the appearance of the plants spoiled for some considerable time. And should the weather prove warm and dry, the whole stock of bedded out things must be well attended to with water. and will be greatly benefited by a liberal sprinkling every evening. Flitryr.—Now that we have nice growing weather, see that every shoot on the Peach and Nectarine trees is free from in sects, ,and otherwise lose no time in getting them cleaned. If not yet done, disbudding should be completed at once, in order that the strength of the trees may he thrown into what is to be the b ear ing I rjod for next 'season. Where covering AGRICULTURE. DIGGING BY STRAIT.—A steam-digging machine has been invented in Germany. The power required for all its motions, says the Agricultural Gazette, has been ascertained from experiments, and every detail corrected by calculation; and the patentee estimates that the strongest engine which can be efficiently employed, in spite of its weight, will dig to the depth of one foot 1 acre per day on the average quality of cultivated land. Mr. Usher's steam plough, in 1852, accord ing to professor Wilson; broke up no less than 7 acres per day, the cost of working being only 2s. 6d. an acre; and though the style and depth of its work may have been inferior to that made by the German engine, the rapid rate of labour is more likely to get the farmers' patronage. POTATO !CREESE.—The production of cheese is not con fined, as is generally supposed, to the animal kingdoin. An excellent article is made in Thuringia and Saxony from pota toes, a quantity of which is boiled, and, after cooling, peeled and reduced to a pulp. To each five pounds of this, is added one pound of sour milk, when the whole is worked up, and al lowed to rest for three or four days. It is then again kneeded and the cheeses are laid in , little baskets to allow superfluous moisture to escape ; afterwards they are placed in layers in large vessels, where they must remain fifteen days. The older they are the more their quality improves ; they do not engen der worms, and will keep fresh for years, if placed in a dry situation, in well-covered vessels. Cheese has been made from buttermilk; and the Chinese have, for an indefinitely long period, produced it from peas and beans.—Dr. .21 , hrspratt. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.—" What provision is made for the education of those intended to follow the agricultural profession ?" is a question which seems certainly not out of place in these days, when so much is beinc , said about farming and gardening. A picture might easily be drawn of the young farmer on the one hand, and the gardener on the other. The former is sent to a boarding or grammar school, and learns Latin and Greek perhaps; while the latter is often obliged to rest contented with what he can pick up at a national school. It is obvious that in neither case is the youth' receiving the education he requires for the highly practical art he is about to pursue. I cannot but think that it would be a great boon if there were establishments (scholastic I mean) where the science of practical agriculture could be blended with the ordinary routine of school life, so that the young farmer or gardener might be instructed for his profession before actually entering upon it. I mean nothing more than that such youths be taught, when at school, how to use the spade, a hoe, and a rake; how to plant, tend, and rear the common vegetables and flowers; the care of cows, horses, pigs, and poultry ; and that they also be made acquainted with the outlines of agricultural chemistry as ap plied to our gardens and farms. By these means I think much good would be done to the rising generation of small farmers and gardeners, HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY. WATERY POTATOES.—A small lump of fresh lime, put into the pot in which watery potatoes are boiled, will, it is said, render them perfectly dry and mealy. ITALIAN CREAM.—Take one quart of cream, put it into a bowl with one ounce of melted isinglass, with any flavour you please. I,l'hip it well, than oil the mould with sweet oil; put it on ice, if you have any, if not in a very cold place, to set. WATER CAKES.-1 lb. flour; lb. butter: -?_;; lb. sugar. Rub the butter well into the flour. add moist sugar, take milk enough to make a paste that still roll very thin with as little flour as possible, and bake them on buttered paper, observing to prick them: Bake them in a slack oven. PaßsEavEn ButriLlan.—To every pound of rhubarb, cut in small pieces. add three quarters of a pound of powdered loaf sugar. Put. both together in an earthern pan, and let it remain a Boil the syrup alone till it thickens ots ~~ 4 tie ~~al t ,1 ,(~,~. i ~TI t 1 K g4t, ; t Is 4, 4