The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-01-21 00:00:00

THE GRAVE Earraturr. POETRY BY THE REV. J. HOLNI Casts rot From v What s The Hot verct-nt s Close by the friends they conic dear trie No warbler of the g Of flower, and shru And weekly on the 1 The soothing chin ,s of ear re God THE TWINS, IN KIRKLEATHAA CULT CH-YARD. VICAR OF KIRKLEATH,I24f li to pray deigns to dwell wed dly eard by t lad their No warbler's song is Or brillia t flow Which decks the earth or gilds the sky No sound of Sabbath joys they sl Such as we ought to hail below No voice of supp Is heard or utt, ed by them nov But oh the joy of their bright souls 1 The scenes of unknown What n T their sr Where they are, oh 'e be too ❑ight from exhaustion former r trade du: a - is. decline Malt the turn in favo No alteration in Peas hare arrived 'rom Ire it of buyers B £.R IMPERIAL CURRENCY PF ssex and Kent Norfol% and Lincoln, red Irish, red . White Rye, old. New Barley, Grinding Malting Chevalier Malt, Suffolk and Norfolk Brown Kingston and Ware Chevalier Oats, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, feed Potatoe Youghall and Cork, black Cork. white Scotch, feed they view, Beans, tick... Pigeons Pease, Grey , Maple White Boilers Flour. town made Suffolk Stockton and Norfolk Hamburg Oats, new Feed Beans Peas r. American TOWN EDITION. LONDON NEWS OF YESTERDAY. By the death of Earl St. Germains a vacancy is occa sioned in the representation of East Cornwall, by the promotion of Lord Elliott to that title. It is an'icipated that his Lord,hip will also retire from the secretaryship of Ireland. Tile brig John Naylor was lost on the 24th ult., off Fayal: she was laden with gnaao for this port. One of the seamen was drowned, and thrca others died the same MARK-LANE CORN EXCHANGE at this day's market the supply of English Wheat was short, no improvement in price could be realised, bat teadily maintained. f Barley exceeds the present demand, and the s in good request at fall prices. et dsy about half a dozen vessels oat laden, L MEASURE 38 0 - 42 0 - - 56 0 - 46 0 - 60 0 30 0 35 0 - 26 0 - -34 0 36 0 31 0 3 , 3 0 39 0 38 0 - 5S 0 62. 0 56 0 6o 0 63 0 64 0 61 0-65 0 22 0 23 0 24 0 25 0 21 0-22 0 22 0 23 0 23 0 24 0 - 37 0 42 0 37 0 35 0 38 0 - 35 0 - 36 0 - 40 0 36 0 - 38 0 38 0 - 43 0 40 0-45 0 33 0-33 0 33 0 - FOREIGN GRAIN AND FLOUR IN BOND. Wheat, Dantzic. - SMITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET SELECTIONS ELEVEN COMELY THINGS and pleasant, and worthy of says Bishop Hall :—A yom ligious soldier; a conscien' courteous ; a learned mar, stands the eye of its parents —These things are comely 3 tiour from the beholder, saint; an old martyr tious statesman ; a great man child that under- a cheerful companion with. anged with honours; a sick out vanity; a friend not man happy; a soul depart' Br HOOK Oa BY CROOK —The proverb of getting any thing by Hooke or by Crooke is said to have arisen in the time of Charles 1., when there were t , ,0 Learned Judges named Hooke and Crooke ; and a difficult cause was to be gotten either by Hooke or by Crooke. Spenser, how ever, mentions these words twice in his with comfort and assurance Faery Queen ke and Crooke." The which he And in another pl In hopes her to nd Crooke.,' s a proof that this proverb much older than 7as not then used Charles's tiin:s and that t as a proverb, b THE FIRST W. :ise of Spolvals, r of the ring, Sno Dictionar t applied s n pun.—Marlon —ln Swinburne's Trea- 207, we read The first inventor rted (he cites Alberic de Rosa in is one Prometheus. The workman who made it was'Tubal-Cain; and Tubal-Cain, sel of our first parent Adam (as my author ive it unto his son to this end that therewith as Abraham delivered unto r-rings of gold. The form at is. round and without that their mutual love and ly flow from the one to the d that continually and for ever." INDUCEMENTS TO SANATORY IMP by the cot telleth me be should espouse a wife. like his servants bracelets and ea of the ring being circular— end—icriporteth thus much, hearty affection should other, as in a cit., VEMENTS.—Are we grieved at the premature loss of relatives and friends ? Let us then bestir ourselves to save others from a similar sorrow. Do we forget that alreldy in England the value (or probable duration) of the life of a new-born child ex ceeds by six years the value of a similar life at Ostend; that in cases of childbirth, one out of every fifreen mothers died at Paris, so late as 1780, and that now in the heal thiest rural districts of EnglandAone in!every twelve hun dred and five cases appears to be the proportion : or that, to follow a little further the history of the new inhabitants of the globe, that even within the last ten years, the mere circumstance that vaccination has been enforced by law, bas reduced the 10,434 deaths by smell-pox of 1840, to 6368 deaths in 1841; or lastly, that the entire population of England, notwithstandir the injurious physical and T ental influences that act upon own now to live longer, by 169 large portions of it weeks, than the higher or most facourabl alone of England did bet Douglas Jerrold's situated classes the years 1693 and 1715. 7 Magazine, TONAS PUSEYITES.—Were it thought y at:the present day, on Df St. Benedict, and of ould b all events, very A. lIINT T desirable tc the system pr€ his strictest little expense in the establishment. Some earthen or wooden huts, of the smallest size, would suffice for the dwellings and offices of the monks, their fare and clothing -'4erably inferior to that of any labourer in the than provided for by their do , enable them to ,n that labour was to be thirty monks should, ac- being cons present dal ;could be min manual labour, which woul pay the rent of the land on wl exerted. A. body of twenty of cording to the e gen ciples of monasticism, support itself, and distrlbu There seems to be no need of repealing the mart fnr this purpose If there he a real wish tr) m. there is ab- solutely nothing whateve in the way. Let individuals sell their goods and give diem to the poor, and let them retire to uncultivated mountains, where proprietors would gladly permit them to settle ; and let them there depend on their daily labour for their daily bread. and erect for themselves dwellings of clay or of wood. The more bum ble and poverty-stricken their raiment, or their food, or their dwellings may be, the nearer will they approach to the examples and the principles or the great founders and reformers of monasticism. Houses and lands, splendid churches and stately abbeys, the lofty carved roof, and the gorgeous window, ritual pomp and grandeur, all are alien from the spirit of poverty, and humility, and un worldliness, which distinguishes the genuine system of conventual monasticism. Their introduction proved its ruin; they were the emblems of a relaxed asceticism—of a disposition to find renewed gratification for the senses. —English Review. MEDICINE FOR THE MILLION.—Sir James Graham being one of those who refuse us cheap food, has never theless, consented to give us cheap physic. His new me dical bill is calculated to put a pill into every man's mouth, and bring the black dose home to the humblest hearth in England. Sir James has, no doubt, heard much about the physical necessities of the people, and having some no tion of some poet having said something about " medicine for thy grief,' the Home Secretary has been seized with the /leureuse ide'e that the poor may be dosed in a better condition, and that the tone of society will, of course, become healthier by the process. Perhaps Sir James Graham ine at as the poor have been in the habit of rushing for comfort to the bottle, they will continue to do so when the druttgist, instead of the distiller, has been engaged in filling it. The Home Se-. that the gin-palaces will be con- retary hor erteci into medicine marts, and that where we now sea brass plates, inscribed " bottle entrance," we shall find notices indicating the " bolus department :" instead of placards announcing " a fresh cask always on tap," does Sir James believe that he will see bills indicating " Best XX black dose always on draught ;" or " the only house in London for the celebrated fever mixture, at twopence a quartern." Over the doors of some it might perhaps be written, " Established to supply the public with the ce- rated castor oil, kept in ic, Id drawn ;' " a 3 insure it being constant and " a sand.sich and a glass the public appetite in all ime may probably come to ardent spirits, may The Chinese take - • rangement " winch now tern parts of the metropolis when poverty, inst ad of tak take to medicine as a cure t, , r s )rr to opium, and wb ny other drug become as ? " A glass of hot bark perhaps a very attractive luxury particularly as bark is said to be fascinating as the one alluded tt would for one penny on a cold wint. Such is the effect 081 Graham's anticipated from Sir James from it at all. which i sore than dubious.— EXTEMPORE PREACHING IN THE ENGLISH CHURCH. —While holding the office of chancellor (of the Univer sity of Cambridge), his grace (the Duke of Monmouth) had to restrain the growth of recent innovations which bad been noticed by his majesty as a liberty taken by the clergy—(these habits the duke was to cause them to dis use)—the weari3g their air and perriwigs of an unusual and unbecoming length, and the practice of reading ser- The latter offence, which might now he alleged as a charge applicable to the w clergy, with but few excepti with the king's views upon f the church of England hus curously set forth ii 3 grace tells the vice-chancellor, Oc 674, that " his trTjesty was informed that f reading sermons la ge- nerally taken up by the preac and there for some time conti re the universfiy, n before himself his majesty has commanded me to signify his pleasure, that the said practice which took beginning with the dis orders of the late times be wholly laid aside; and that they deliver their sermons both in Latin and English by memory, or without book, as being a way of preaching which his majesty judees most agreeable to the use of fo reign churches, and to the custom of the university heretofore, and to the nature and intendment of that holy exercise. And that his majesty's comm ends in these pre. mixes be duly regarded and observed, his further pleasure is, that the names of all such ecclesiastical persons as shall continue the present supine and slothful way of preaching be, from time to time, signified to him by the vice-chan cellor, for the time being on pain of his majesty's displea sure." Are there not many who have cons idered the .ractice puritanical, and the reading of the sermon an orthodox mode? It does not appear that the reproof had the desired effect. Dr. Westphaling preached before Queen Elizabeth at St. Mary's Church, Oxford, at such an unreasonable ;eolith, that her majesty sent to him "to make an end of his discourse without delay." The doc tor went on for half an hour more. Being called to ac count for his presumption, he replied, that, having com mitted it all to memory, he found it impossible to omit any part in order to shorten it, lest he should put himself so entirely out of cue that he should forget the rest, and so be brought to shame bef. - "re the university and the eourt. Bishop Patrick's objection to being made kiag's chaplain in 1671 was "the finding it very difficult to get a sermon without book."—Roberes Life of the Duke of Monmouth. posite3 Nnnulus r some 30 0 - 27 0 - 17 0 - - 17 0 -2g 0 28 0 - 2l 0 - 20 0 - The supply of Beasts on offer was on the increase, and of somewhat improved quality. The attendance of buyers was tolerably numerous, while the pr meat Scots, &C., commanded a steady sale, at fully Friday's deprz ssion of 5d per 81bs beneath the currencies obtained on this day se'nnight. All other breeds were a slow inquiry, yet prices were supported. The supply of Sheep was tolerably good, but not to say large. Prime old Downs and the best half-breds sold f:eely ; other kinds of Sheep slowly, at last Monday's quotations. The num ber of Calves was limited, owing to which the Veal trade was somewhat active, and the late improvement in the current ies was steadily supported As is usually the case at this period of the year more business was doing in Pigs, and the rates had an upward tEndency Per Sibs. to sink the offal s d. s. d s. d. s. d Inferior Beasts.... 2 8— 3 o; Second quality do. 3 4 3 Second %uality do. 3 0— 3 6 Coarse do. 3 10 — Prime large Oxen. 3 8— 3 10;SouthdownWethers 4 Prime Scots, &c... 4 0— 4 2IDo. out of the wool -- Coarse Calves .... 3 3 4 2 Large 11 , gs - 4 -.: Small do. Suckling do. each.lB 0—"0 OQr. old Pigs, each 16 0-20 0 nferior Sheep 2 10— 3 24.ambs SUPPLY AT M. RKEI . Beasts, 2,8'5 .... Sheep, 26,040.... Calves, 70 .. Pigs, 347 4 0 2- 4 4 LONDON SHARE MARKET. Birmingham 233, Brighton 52i, South Western 79, Eastern Counties 19, Birmingham and Gloucester 106, Bristoi and Exeter 78, Cambridge and Lincoln si, Churnet Valley 4i, Direct Northern ei, Great North of England tag, Great Western 1763. Halves 1021, Lancaster and Carlisle 213, London and York 41, Manchester and Leeds 128. Midland 129, Newcastle Junction 66, Norwich and Brandon 154, South Eastern 483, Trent Valley 11 , 3, York and North Midland lot 3. Boulogne and Amiens 4a, Great Northern of France si, Lyons and Avignon 21, Orleans and Bordeaux 83, Paris and Rouen 41. SCHOOL FOR TILE BLIND.—The annual meeting of the subscribers took place, at the Asylum, on Friday last, Mr. Alderman Turner in the chair. Mr. Houghton, in submitting the accounts so far as they could yet be made up, said he was happy they presented a better aspect than at the last annual meeting. The total receipts for the year were £2083 Os. Od., and the total payments £lB4B 13s. Od., leaving a balance in favour of the institution of upwards of £634. But there were bills to be paid to the amount of £073, and there was also a considerable sum due to the charity. In reply to a question, the Treasurer said the receipts and payments would nearly balance, though they had commenced the year with a debt of £743. It was also stated that two legacies had been re ceived during the year, amounting to £400: one from Mr. Hill, of £3OO, and the other from Mrs. Ewart, of £lOO. The number of pupils at present in the school was 101. Twenty-four had been admitted during 1814, and the same number had quitted the institution. The sum of £205 had also been received in new subscriptions. The cost per head per week had been 2s. 111 d. A series of resolutions (for which see the advertisement) were then passed, including a vote of thanks to N. Robinson, Esq., for the present of a piano -forte, Pudsey Dawson, Esq., of Hornby Castle, the high sheriff, was appointed president for the ensuing year, and the usual ,ppointment of the other officers having been gone through, the meeting separated. -- • - THE COUNTY CONSTABULARY.—The Magistrates at Prescot, on Monday, on a representation from the rate payers of adjoining townships, resolved—" That it be re commended to the justices assembled at the adjourned quarter sessions, to be held at Kirkdale on the 15th of January instant, that the order made for the erection of station-houses and strong rooms, in the townships of Wootton and Wavettree, be revoked." The subject was taken into consideration by the county magistrates at the Sessions-house, Kirkdale, on Wednesday, and the pro position for the revocation of the order was left to the general meeting of the magistrates at Preston. The me morial from Wootton and nine other townships, which caused the special meeting of magistrates, stated that the rats for the quarter ending December, 1844, were four times as large as the quarter preceding the introduction of the constabulary, the average then being £176 155., whilst the present average was £339 Bs. 4d., being an increase of nearly 100 per cent. ; and that the amount for the quarter ending December, 1844, was £532 ls. 3d., £4ll 10s. Bd. of which is for the constabulary alone. The townships of Huyton, Roby, Torbuck, Hale, Speke, Much Wootton, Little Wootton, and Halewood had only a serjeant and four men, whose actual expense by the estimated scale of 1843, including wages, clothing, pro portion of the staff at Preston, and contingencies, only amounted to £Bl 17s. 6d. per quarter. The excess of expenditure was stated by the county treasurer to be caused by the of ..!tr.',!cn sod lock-up house at Woolen, at a cost of £450, and one at Wavertree, at a cost of £350, and between £3OO and £4OO expense created by the riots at St. Helen's. THE SKELETON FROM TCHABOE.—On Saturday, Cap tain Wiihers, of the ship Colchester, was summoned before Mr. Rushton by his second mate, C. H. Maxwell, for refusing to pay £l9 4s. alleged to be due for wages. The applicant stated that his wages, at £3 a mouth, amounted to the sum stated up to the 221 July, on which day the captain took him to a part of the island about a mile and a quarter from the ship, and, pointing out a Some remarks, which are appended to the circular of grave in which a body had been buried for a length of Messrs. Truman and Cook. on the " mercantile," as time, said, " ' I want you to lend a baud to raise that distinguished from the " manufacturing " trade of the body. Be sure to be here to-night at twelve o'clock, for country, describe very truly a state of things which may the purpose, and I shall show you where the boat will be be said to distinguish the past year from many which has lying, ready to take the body on board.' He then showed preceded it : Me the landing ,lace, and it was understood that I was " With respect to the mercantile trade of the country, it to bring a pick with me, and a shovel. In reply to has been rather an adverse year than otherwise; prices of questions, appli;:ant continued :—" It was the body of a all imports are so low that remuneration is reducod to the lowest point, short of loss; indeed, a complaint of dimi nished profits is universal, and the effect is felt beyond the immediate sphere of the trading interests. The past at was bu Yortugu year 1791, by an American crew Another crew that was g guano moved it to a burial-ground in which t.airopeans are . . year, however, has been most extraordinarily free from interred. It was there I found it. The several captains commercial failures, not a sing .t one of any consequence - who were lying at Ichaboe at the time had been previously has taken place, yet the losses made by some of the spe- Europe, and that they thought they should make £2OO saying that it would be a very great curiosity to take it to culators in cotton have been to an amount very consider ably more important than is generally known or be or £3OO by the spec. I did not consent to raise the lieved ; some portion of it, however, has probably been corpse, and in consequence a dispute arose between my made up by the operations in railway shares, &c., which self and the captain. ' On behalf of the captain (who have been to a large extent, and which up to this time was out of town), who had refused to pay the full amount have resulted prosperously. 'I Le iron trade has greatly claimed, a charge was brought against the applicant of recovered the depression it laboured under, and the price drunlsenness and disobedience, so that another man had of pigtendered iron is full 40 per. cent higher than at the close of to take his place as second mate, and this appeared by 1843. The shipping interest is certainly in a better con dition as respects a large amount of tonnage of a certain - Xl5 12s. to the complainant, which he agreed to accept; for if he had defied proof of the charge against him, he class, which has g reatl y increased in value. There are still complaints, however, of a want of profitable employ would probably have received nothing. ment for vessels of a higher grade ; but the improvement MICHAEL ANGueo.—Never did artist work with more already evident will no doubt gradually advance with the persevering vigour than Michael Angelo. He himself extension of commerce. The lucrative trade of the coun said that he laboured hard'r for fame, than ever pcorartist try, however, seem to be passing almost exclusively into did for bread. Born of a noble family, the heir to con- the hands of the manufacturer, and commercial enterprise siderabie possessions, he took to the arts from his earliest in other quarters has altogether gone out of fashion. The years from enthusiastic passion and conscious power. improvement, indeed, in manufacturing property has far During a long life of ninety years, lie prosecuted them exceeded all expectation; the transactions of the year With the ardent zeal of youth. He was consumed by the present one unbroken series of remunerating prices for thirst for fame, the desire of great achievements, the in- goods, and a very moderate cost of the raw material. At variable mark of heroic minds ; and which, as it is alto- this season it has been usual to expect temporary stagna gether beyond the reach of the great bulk of mankind, so tion, but at the present moment all is activity. The spin is the feeling of all others which to them is most incom- tiers are full of orders, and steam power is taxed to the prehensible. Nor was that noble enthusiasm without its utmost to fulfil contracts. The woollen districts have reward. It was his extraordinary good fortune to be much improved in condition, and may be pronounced also Called to form, at the same time, the Last Judgment on to be busily and advantageously employed. The stocks the wall of the Sistine Chapel, the glorious dome of St. of manufactured goods have been well taken off, and it is Peter's, and the group of Notre Dame de Pitie, which anticipated that the colonial wool sales next month will Le now adorns the Chapel of the Crucifix, under the roof of very trisk, and very full prices be obtained. With our that august edifice. The " Holy Family" in the Palazzo extended export trade, and the new markets opening in Pitti at Florence, and the " Three Fates" in the same the East, which bid fair to be as vast as the most san dollection, give an idea of his powers in oil-painting : pine anticipated, our fiscal policy presses upon national thus. e carried to the highest perfect ion, at the same time, attention as a subject of the most momentous interest. the' rival arts of architecture, sculpture, fresco and oil It will be in vain that fresh marts are opened to our illi . painting. H e m ay truly be called the founder of Italian I mitable manufacturing power, and production excited, if Painting, as Homer was of the ancient epic, and Dante of attention is not directed to the returns which must be re the great style in modern poetry. None but a colossal ceived, and means devised to encourage the consumption mind could have done such things. Raphael took lessons of them. Fortunately, the finances of the country are from him in painting, and professed through life the most most favourably circumstanced for the consideration of unbounded respect for his great preceptor. None have this important subject, which cannot fail to command the attempted to approach him in architecture ; the cupola of in m , diate attention of the legislature in the ensuing see- St. Peter's stands alone in the world.— Blackwood's, situ, and probably signalise it as one of the most interest.: Magazine. i ing in our commercial annals." THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. RlNGS.—Rings appear to have been given away for merly at weddings. In Wood's Athenae Oxonienses, vol. p. 280, we read in the account of the famous philosopher of Queen Elizabeth's d , :ys, Edward Kelly :—" Kelly, who was °per ly profuse beyond the modest limits of a sober philsopher, did give away in gold-wire rings (or rings . twisted with three gold wires), at the marriage of one of his maid servants, to the value of £4000." This was in 1589, at Trebona. BAD TASTE IN DRESS.-01 all the follies that can be fairly placed to the charge of the human race. and Heaven knows they are as thick as gnats in a summer sunbeam, none can be laid t more people's doors than the fickleness and vagaries of the judgment in adorning, to say nothing of covering, man's ower scaffolding, the _ The chief quarrel to be picked with man for his dressing propensities is on the ground that he not only hides and disfigures the fair proportions bestowed on him by his Maker, but that he, ever and anon, lo',ds himself with such masses of useless incongruities that the very end and object of his care are stultified. Instead of mak ing himself smart, pretty, becoming, beautiful, or any other word that you can find in the dandy's dictionary, he frequently succeeds in making himself positively ugly, frightful, in the pure abstract sense of the term, or detes table, in the lingo of the Stultzean tribe, and relapses, as a Frenchman would say, from civisin to brutism :—Ah ' quel animal que rhomme !—B'ackwood's Magazine A __ departing generation, who disputed so fiercely about the late Queen Caroline, may read in the diary of the late Earl of Nlalmesbury, (just published,) how truly the ho roscope and destiny of the ill-fated Princess were read by the Earl, when intrusted with instructions to demand her hand in marriage with the Prince of Wales. At the first interview between the Prince and Princess, the " finest gentleman in Europe" lifted the Princess up from her kneeling position, said barely one word to her, and then retiring to a distant part of the apartment, called for a glass of brandy, as if the sight of his future wife had made him sick. She, on her part, said, " I find the Prince very fat, and not at all so good-looking a's his portrait !" Af terwards, the Prince pointedly reproached Lord Malmes bury for not writing to him from Brunswick, representing his wife's child-like defects of character. The envoy's reply, that these were not his instructions, will be pro nounced satisfactory to the ciuntry, as it accords with each readers' own sense of the duties of an English noble man sent on such a mission. It is to be regretted that so shrewd a judge of character as the Earl of Malmesbury was not entrusted with some discretion by Geo. 111., to whose positive and limited instructions no small share of the misery resulting from this unhappy union is fairly chargeable. LARGE CHESTS.—Hones that are round or " barrel chested," are invariably more muscular and enduring than those of the opposite kind : scientific sportsmen are, in a great measure, guid. d in their opinion of a horse's racing qualifications, by his girth just behind the shoul ders : by this test, a well-known jockey foretold the re putation and prowess of the celebrated racer " Plenipo tntiary," almost from the period of his birth. Cattle dealers and butchers, in like manner, judge by the chests and shoulders of cows and pigs, what amount of fat they are likely to gain in the process of feeding. All animals that have large lungs are remarkable for the vigour of their appetite, and for the facility with which they appro priate their nutriment; such animals will feed upon the coarsest hay and straw, whilst their less fortunately con structed companions are fattened by no kind of food. An amusing anecdote is related of a simpleton, who, in trying to sell his horse, told the intended purchaser that " the animal's eating was a mere nothing." This intel ligence would, contrary to intention, have sufficed to ruin the prospect of sale, but that the buyer, with a rare dis crimination, inferred from the capacity of the horse's chest that the capacity of his appetite had been unwit tingly misstated. He bought him on the hazard of an opinion, and had no reason to repent himself of his judg ment.—Medical Times. BEDOUINS AT THE HOLY SEPULCHRE, AT EASTER.— It is' almost too much to expect that so many ministers of peace can assemble without finding some occasion for strife, and in that year a tribe of wild Bedouins became the subject of discord. These men, it seems, led an Arab life in some of the desert tracts bordering on the neigh bourhood of Jerusalem, but were not connected with any of the great ruling tribes. Some whim, or notion of policy, had induced them to embrace Christianity ; but they were grossly ignorant of the rudiments of their adopted faith, and, having no priests with them in the desert, they had as little knowledge of religious ceremo nies as of religion itself ; they were not even cap.lble of conducting themselves in a place of worship si ith ordinary decorum, but would interrupt the service with scanda lous cries and warlike shouts. Such is the account the Latins give of them, but I have never heard the other side of the question. '1 hese wild fellows, notwithstanding their entire ignorance of all religion, are yet claimed by the Greeks, not only its proselytes who have embraced Christianity generally, but as converts to their particular doctrines and practice of their Church. The people thus alleged to have concurred in the great schism of the Eastern empire, are never, I believe, within the walls of a church, or even of any building at all, except upon this occasion of Easter; and as they - then never fail to find a row of some kind going on by the side of the sepulchre, they fancy, it seems, that the ceremonies there enacted are funeral games, of a martial character, held in honour of a deceased chiefblo—and that a christian festival is a peculiar kind of battle, fought between walls, and with out cavalry.—Ed'hen. ORIGIN OF DR. BELL'S SYSTEM OF EDUCATION. — Things were in this state (viz., a state of warfare between Dr. Bell and the masters of the Madras Orphan School, of which he was superintendent,) " when, happening in one of his morning rides to pass by a Malabar school, he observed the children seated on the ground and writing with their fingers on sand, which had for that purpose been strewn before them. He hastened home, repeating to himself as he went, 'Eureka, I have discovered it;' and gave immediate orders to the usher of the lowest classes to teach the alphabet in the same manner, with this difference only from the Malabar mode, that the sand was strewn upon a board. These orders were either dis regarded, or so carelessly executed, as if they were not thought worth regarding; and after frequent admonitions and repeated trials made, without either expectation or wish of succeeding, the u-her at last declared it was im possible to teach the boys in that way. If he had acted on this occasion in good will and with merely common ability, Dr. Bell might never have cried 'Eureka' a se cond time. But he was not a man to be turned from his purpose by the obstinacy of others, nor to be baffled in it by their incapacity. Baffled, however, he was now sensi ble that he must be if he deptnded for the execution of his plans on the will and ability of those over whose minds he had no command. He bethought himself of employing a boy, on whose obedience, disposition, and cleverness he could rely, and giving him charge of the alphabet class. The lad's name was John Frisken; he was the son of a private soldier, had learned his letters in the asylum, and was then about eight years old. Dr. Bell laid the strong est injunctions upon him to follow his instructions, say ing, he should look to him for the success of the simple and easy method which was to be pursued, and hold him responsible for it. What the usher had pronounced to be impossible this lad succeeded in effecting without any difficulty. The alphabet was now as much better taught as, till then, it had been worse than any other part of the boys' studies; and Frisken, in consequence, was appoint ed permanent teacher of that class. Though Dr. Bell did not immediately perceive the whole importance of the successful experiment, he proceeded in the course into which be had been, as it were, compelled. What Frisken had accomplished with the alphabet class might, in like manner, he done with those next in order by boys select el, as he had been, for their aptitude to learn anit Accordingly, he appointed boys as assistant teachers to some of the lower classes, &c. Tls same improvement was now manifested in those classes as had taken place in teaching the alphabet. The experiment which, from ne cessity, had been tried at first with one class, was syste maticPilly extended to all the others in progression.—Life of Dr. Bell, just published. COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES LETTER FROM THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY The following letter, dated the 11th instant, has been addressed by the Archbishop of Canterbury to the clergy and laity of his province. We may remark, that this let ter cannot be that addressed by the Archbishop to the Bishop of Exeter, and which worked so marked a change in the mandates of the latter prelate, as the Archbishop's letter is dated Lambeth Palace, January 11th, whilst the Bishop's is dated Bishopstowe, Jan. Bth. The dif ference in the dates is material. " For a considerable time past my attention has been anxiously turned to the division in the Church, occasioned by differences of opinion with respect to the intention of certain rubrical directions in the Liturgy, and diversities of practice in the performance of Divine service. These questions, relating to matters in themselves indiffi rent, but deriving importance from their connexion with the maintenance :I uniformity and order in the solemn minis trations of the Church, are rendered difficult by the am biguity of the rubrics in some instances, and in all by the doubts which may arise as to the weight which should be allowed to general usage when it varies from the written l aw. It is partly on these accounts, and partly from un certainty with respect to the extent of the powers com mitted to the Archbishop of the province, in the pre face to the Book of Common Prayer, for the resolution of doubts in regard to the contested points that I have not felt myself justified in expressing an authoritative opinion upon questions occasionally submitted to me on these subjects. I was, indeed, willing to hope that these con troversies, like many of much greater importance which have for a season disquieted the Church, would be suf fered to die away of themselves, when the arguments on each side had been thoroughly sifted, from the good sense of the parties engaged in them, and the general conviction of their unprofitableness. But having been disappointed in this expectation, and considering the tendency of con tinued agitation to weaken the sacred bonds of affection which ought to unite the clergy and laity as members of one body in Christ, I hold it a duty to come to:ward, in the hope of allaying animosities, and putting a stop to dissensions, which are shown by experience to be not only unedifying but mischievous. With this view, I would call your attention to a few considerations, which, with per sons who are desirous of peace, will, I trust, have their due weight. " It has long been observed that, in the performance of Divine service in the generality of our parochial churches, there has been a deviation in certain particulars, from the express directions of the rubric, and that, in some cases, a difference in respect to the sense of the rubric has led to a diversity in practice. In regard to such points, in themselves non-essential, the most conscientious clergy men have felt themselves justified in treading in the steps of their predecessors; and hence the irregularity (for all departure from rule is irregular,) which seems, in some instances at least, to have existed from the beginning, be came inveterate. There have, I apprehend, at all times been clergymen who have been distressed by this incons's tency ; and of late years it has been regarded by many excellent men as irreconcileable with the obligations which they took upon themselves on their admission into holy orders. Under the influence of these scruples, they thought it right to adhere as closely as possible to the let ter of the rubric in their ministration ; while others of their brethren, not less conscientious, have been deter mined by considerations, in their estimation of great weight, to follow the usage which they found established in their respective churches. Under these circumstances a diversity of practice has arisen, which is not only incon sistent with the principle of uniformity maintained by the Church, but is sometimes associated in the minds of the people with peculiarities of doctrine, and gives birth to suspicions and jealousies destructive of the confidence which should always subsist between the flock and their pastor. To prevent the increase of an evil which might terminate in actual schisms was confessedly most desira ble; and the most effectual mode of accomplishing the ob ject, it has been thought, would be found in general con formity to the rubric. Universal concurrence in this easy and obvious regulation would have combined the several advantages of securing compliance with the law of the Church and the land, of putting :I stop to unau'horised in novations, and of excluding party distinctions, in their character decidedly unchristian, from the public worship of God ; and I cannot but regret that measures which, with a view to these good purposes, have been recom mended by high authorities, should not have been re ceived with unanimous acquiescence, as the means of re storing order and peace, without any departure from the principles of the Church, or offence to the most scrupu lous conscience. " At the same time, I am sensible that those who ob ject have much to allege in their justification. If the I written law is against them, they plead an opposite usage, in parochial churches at least, reaching back, perhaps, to the time when the intention of the lawgiver was best un- derstood, superseding its literal sense, and dt termining its real meaning; they appeal to the general consent of bishops, clergy, and laity, implied in the absence of any effectual interference during so long a period ; they object to the sudden revival of rules, which in their opinion are obsolete, and still more to their rigid enforcement after so long a term of abeyance. In fairness to them, we must allow that this dislike of alterations in the manner of wor ship to which they have been accustomed from their in. fancy, proceeding as it does from attachment to the ordi- i nances of the Church, ought not to be visited with un kindly censure; and we can hardly be surprised at any ! change being regarded with suspicion when so many at- I tempts have been made to introduce innovations which are really objectionable, and tend, as far as they go, to al ter the character of our Church. It must also be granted that the intention of the Church is not always clearly dis- I coverable from the language of the rubric, nor determina ble with absolute certainty from the records of eat ly prac- I tice. In such cases it may with some show of reason be said, that, as the eminent men to whom the several revi sions of the Liturgy were successively entrusted, did not see the necessity of giving directions so precise as to en sure a rigid conformity in every particular, we may be contented to acquiesce in slight deviations from rule, sug gested by convenience, and sanctioned by long usage. " Now, whatever may be the force of the arguments on either side, a difference of opinion will, probably, always exist in regard to the contested points. But all parties will concur in regarding these points as of far less import ance than Vie maintenance of that mutual confidence which, next to support from above, forms the main strength of the Church, producing the harmonious cooperation of its several members, and disposing the people to look up with reverence to their pastor as their spiritual instructor and guide. In whatever degree, or by whatever means, the tie of affection is loosened, a proportionate diminution will follow of that moral influence on which the efficiency of the clergyman's teaching will always depend. " The case, then, if fairly considered with reference to the existing dissentions, and the results to be expected from their continuance, will show the necessity of mutual forbearance to the peace and the honour, I may even say to the safety, of the Church. The laity, it may be hoped, will see the propriety of respecting the consciences of such of the clergy as have held themselves bound to strict com pliance with the express direction of the rubric, without regard to former disuse ; and the clergy will perceive the expediency of not pressing too harshly, or abruptly, the observance of laws which, having by themselves and their predecessors been long suffered to sleep, have now the ap pearance of novelty. lam fully alive to the importance of uniformity in the celebration of Divine service ; but I think it would be purchased too dearly at the expense of lasting divisions, a consequence which, I trust, will be averted by a suspension of the existing disputes. My hope of such an adjustment is grounded on the wisdom, temper, and piety, which are engaged on both sides of the enestion. A settlement which would have the sanction of the law is at the present moment irepossiote ; and, were it possible, could hardly be attempted with hope of success, till the subsisting excitement has been allayed by time and reflection. But till that time shall arrive, our regard to the spiritual interests of our brethren ought surely to put a stop to contentions, which, besides the offence against charity, engage much time and ability which might be in finitely better applied, and which can afford pleasure to those only who bear to our Church. The matters in controversy, considered in themselves, are not of vital importance ; the services in our churches has in general been conducted in conformity to the apostle's direction, with order and decency, and whether performed with exact regard to the letter of the rubric, or with the variations established by general usage, will still be decent end or derly. I therefore entreat you to consider whether the peace of the Church should be hazarded by prolonging an unprofitable controversy, at a time more especially when her energies are directed with such hope of success to the promotion of religion and morals, and when the clergy and laity are zealously engaged in united exertions for the erection and endowment of churches and schools, and for other pious and beneficial objects, in almost every part of I the country. " What . l would most earnestly recommend for the pre sent, is the discountenance of any proceedings, in tither direction, on the controverted questions. In churches where alterations have been introduced with general ac quiescence, let things remain as they are ; in those which retain the lesS accurate usage, let no risk of division be incurred by any attempt at change until some final ar rangement can be made with the sanction of the proper authorities. In the case of churches where agitation pre vails, and nothing has been definitely settled, it is not pos sible to lay down any general rule which may be applica ble to all circumstances. But is it too much to hope that those who are zealous for the honour of God, and the good of His Church, will show by the temporary surrender of their private opinions, that they are equally zealous in the cause of peace and charity ? On the particular questions which disquiet the pub lic mind, I think it unadvisable to pronounce an opinion. Upon careful examination, I have found reason to think that some of these questions are more difficult of solution than is commonly imagined, and that the meaning which occurs at first sight is not always the most correct. And the general question, in respect of what should be con ceded to usage in controlling or mollifying the written law seems to me to be open to much doubt. But if I were ever so fully persuaded in my own mind, I should be un willing, for reasons already ass . gned, to pronounce a judg ment which, not having legal authority, might be accepted by some and disregarded by others, and might thus in crease the confusion which it was designed to remedy. For similar reasons I have not thought it expedient to call the bishops of my province together at this time, though it will be my desire, as well as my duty, to seek their advice and assistance when a fit opportunity presents itself. I am, however, fully assured of their general con currence in deprecating the continuance of discussions, which will undoubtedly multiply strife and contention, but which, in the present posture of things, can lead to no be neficial result. " In order to guard against misapprehension I think it proper to state, that all I have here said is strictly confined to the rubrical questions which have occasioned the pre sent agitation. All change in the performance of the ser vice, affecting the doctriao of the Church, by alteration, addition, or omission., I regard with unqualified disappro bation. I may fo,?ther remark, that the Clanger to thy Church would be great, if clergymen, not having due re spect either to episcopal authority or established usage, should interpret the rubric for themselves, should intro duce or curtail ceremonies at pleasure, or make Divine service in any way the means of expressing their own theological opinions or party views. In respect to the ri tual, the preface to the Book of Common Prayer directs all persons having doubts, or diversely taking anything in the performance of the Church service, to resort to the bishop of the diocese for the resolution of such doubts, and the appeasing of diversities. Had due attention been paid from the first to this salutary rule, the Church might per haps have been saved from much of the dissension which at various times has divided her members, and grieved and perplexed her rulers; and which, if not speedily checked, may again cause a serious disturbance of her peace. Considering the course I have suggested as offer ing the only immediate means of averting such a calamity, and at the same time preparing the way for a final arrange ment at a convenient season, I earnestly recommend its adoption, in the hope that, through the blessing of God, it may lay the foundation of lasting peace ; " and to this end"—(l borrow the words of a learned and pious ritual ist)—" to this end may the God of Peace give us all meek hearts, quiet spirits, and devout affectious, and free us from all prejudice, that we may have full churches, fre quent prayers. and fervent charity ; that, uniting in our prayers here, we may all join in His praises hereafter, for he sake of Jesus Christ our Lord." Amen. ZURBANO AND HIS SON BENITO The following descriptive account of the celebrated Zurbano, and his son, is from the pen of an English officer, who served some time in Spain:— Zurbano, when only a Major in the army, or Li"ute nant•-Colonel of cuerpos fraticos, with not more than 500 men at his command, had, by several daring exploits, made himself a reputation, and I examined him with some curiosity. To judge from his appearance, he was about 45 years of age, perhaps rather more, but in activity and strength I should say he was full ten years younger. I have rarely seen a man who gave me more the idea of one capable of undergoing great fatigue and hardship, H e was rather short in stature, about five feet seven inches, I think; but being somewhat round-should"red, he ap peared less than that. In person he was spare, no super fluous flesh about him, but an abundance of bone and sinew. The prevailing character of his face, which was much tanned and weatherbeaten, was one of indomitable resolution. His eyes, which were great and deep set, overhung by bushy and projecting brows, had a quick, intelligent expression, and at times, when he was not in any way excited, almost a thoughtful one, but when roused—in action for instance—they gleamed fiercely. His lips were thin and unusually compressed, and certain lines about the mouth gave rather a cruel expression to his face ; but his smile was frank, and by no means dis agreeable. He wore no beard, save a soldier's whisker to the bottom of the ear. His usual, I may say his inva riable, costume consisted of a zumara or loose jacket of sheepskin, a scarlet boina, or Basque cap, such as the Carlists wore, with a large starlike gold tassel spreading over the top, blue or red overalls, heavy boots, and long, jingling, Spanish spurs. His neck was usually bare ; his gloves must hare been a very trifling expense to him ; his cavalry sabre was slung to a belt of common black lea ther. He had a most unbounded contempt for what he seemed to consider the fopperies of uniform, and always preferred the unmilitary, but by no means unpicturesque. dress above described—probably the very same he had worn when a contrabandisata. Subsequently to this, when he had attained far greater celebrity than at the time I speak of, and had ascended sten by step, in spite of jealousy and disfavour, to the command of a brigade, it was intimated to him by the General of the division to which he belonged, that it wall desirable he should con form to the regulations of the service, and appear upon parade in the uniform of his rank. I had left Spain be fore that period, but I have since had described to me, what I can well imagine, the ludicrous annoyance and discomfiture of Zurbano, at being compelled to abandon his usual neglige garb, and don the cocked-hat and fea ther. and the tightly-buttoned coat, with cuffs and collar stiffened by embroidery, of a Spanish General's costume. The son of Zurbano was as remarkable in his way as his father. When I first saw him, he was not sixteen years old, puny and diminutive for his age, with a little, pale, sickly-looking face, very red lips, large dark eyes, and a voice like a woman in a passion, always upon the scream. How it was that so delicate -looking an urchin managed to support the hardships of a guerilla life, I cannot explain; but I suppose it was his pluck and energy that carried him through. Girt with a sword nearly as long as himself, carrying a light lance, and perched upon a tall horse that would have made a good charger for a man of twelae stone weight, he used to gallop about at the head of his father's cavalry, then consisting of some five-and-twenty badly equipped and mounted lancers, chiefly deserters from the Carlists. He was already a Cornet in the Spanish service, and not sharing his father's contempt for dress, he used to come out on fete-days, and other grand occasions, in a most dapper uniform, with a broad silver band down the side of his overalls, a closely-fitting green jacket, and foraging-cap of fanciful device. At such times he put me in mind of one of the smartly-painted wooden soldiers, used as toys for children —not that he by any means played at soldiering—it was right-down earnest with him ; and one of his father's officers assured me, that young Zurhano had already di minished the numbers of Don Carlos's army by no less than eleven men. If this was true, Ido not suppose he had slain them all in single combat—probably the majo rity were fugitives that he had overtaken and killed ; but, nevertheless, he was skilful in the use of his weapons and management of his horse, and possessed more muscular strength than his delicate appearance indicated. He was a blood-thirsty young imp, I recollect one day, after a skirmish, we had driven the Carlists out of a village in Alava, and 1 found myself pursuing a fellow who was scampering in great haste across a field. I was close to him, when up came young Zurbano, swearing most lus tily, in his squealing tones, his lance down, and preparing to give the poor devil his quietus, by means of a vigorous " front point." I was just in time to turn his lance aside, and then I thought he would have made a poke at me, he seemed so bent upon sticking somebody. I prevailed upon him, however, to spare the unlucky Carlist, and he took him back as a prisoner, driving him before him, and occasionally stimulating his progress by a prick with his lance point. POPERY Let the Christianity of the empire beware! Evil is at hand, every hour is adding to the actual strength of Po pery. Its doctrines have been beaten out of the field. Controversy has been at an end for these hundred Sears. No Popish work of the slightest force has appeared since the gl.rious revolution which allowed men to judge of truth and impugn error for themselves. Popery can no more appeal to the understanding in a free country than an astrologer could be suffered to tell fortunes in an as sembly of astronomers. The absurdities which might be wilder ignorance and dulness shrink from the certainty of exposure among the intelli g ent and rational. Charlatan ism dies in the presence of knowledge. Popery knows its intellectual weakness too well to venture into contact with the muscular energy and contemptuous strength of free discussion. It can no more face the light than a highwayman ; its vocation is in darkness. All that is plain, clear, and s'mple, is fatal to its existence. Living by shrouding the understanding of man, it dreads all that s , asserts his natural liberty of seeing with his own eyes. It blinds that it may lead the blind ; and the moment that the eve is restored to its faculty the deluder flies, leaving his idle anathema behind. In England we shall never see anodicr volume of Popish logic worth its paper. But ACCUMULATED MURDERS.—A woman named Sarah Popery has more cOegess'.al Teeonns. It teal with Freeman, of Bridgewater, Soweektetshire, is now in ens principalities and powers; it barters its blind multitudes t:',•.!y - eharee d with having murdered, at different periods for power • it startles timid statesmen with the fear of within the last twelve months, her mother, her brother, reckless rebellion; it buys profligate public men with the her infant, and her husband. She is the daughter of poor offer of its alliance; it corrupts public men by its intrigue ; parents residing at the hamlet of Shapwick, near Bridge and it purchases the dull, indolent, and negligent mass o water. She is 28 years of age, and is the widow of Henry neutrality by the promise of peace "for their time." Its Freeman, a native of the latter place, who, during his object is power—solid, active, substantial supremacy ; lifetime, worked as a day labourer. From a somewhat not the supremacy of doctrine, not the conversion to a early age she is represented as having been addicted to faith, not the abstract victory of Romanism over Protes- loose and dissolute habits, and before her marriage she tantism. Popery knows nothing and cares nothing for had three illegitimate children. At the examination be speculations ; it grasps at the gross realities of things—it fore the magistrates, the prisoner (who is short in stature, pants for secular possession—it intrigues for real autho- somewhat square built, and of rather mild expression of rity—it longs for lands and houses, for tribute and trea- countenance) did not appear to manifest any anxiety. curies. For those it haunts the death-bed—for those it She was unconcernedly eating some resins which were haunts the death-bed—for those it clings to the skirts of given her by Mr. Bussel, the gaoler : and the only time faction—for those it roars repeal in Ireland—for those , it at-which she seemed at all moved was when her father was whispers compromise in England—for those it alternately called as a witness. wears the livery of the patriot and the placeman—and for THE LICENSEDVICTU aeLous.—The conference of this those it equally takes the bond of Lichfield-house, and body took place last week at Nottingham, at which there tries to wind its way through the obliquities of Whitehall. were delegates (none were present from this town) repre Ireland is, of course, the first object of possession. senting 60,000 persons. The object of the conference was There Popery has all the advantages which it ever re- to make arrangements to induce the Government to re quires. An immense population, that population utterly frain from carrying any measure calculated to injure the in darkness; an impoverished Protestant clergy, without trade. A series of resolutions were adopted, deciding power, without leaders, and without union ; its individuals that a central committee of the licensed victuaders of often able, and often zealous, but unsustained, acting by the united towns of England should be appointed to rep desultory impulses, and already regarding their fate more resent the body in all matters of business. and empowered with the resignation of the martyr than the noble ardour to act in all matters in which the trade are interested— and magnanimous courage of the missionary. Of this that a general fund should he placed in the hands of the condition of things we: shall speak but little at present. committee—that the central committee shall, until another The Papists pretend to be prodigiously angry at the exist- be appointed, sit at Birmingham—that there should bean ing aspect of their affairs. This is hypocrisy. They are annual Meeting of representatives of the trade, the first prodigiously delighted, and with ample reason. On this of which meetings is to he held at Birmingham—that the topic, too, we shall be silent until we see the further de- central committee shall be composed of or selected from velopments of the plan ; we shall in all Probability not the Licensed Victuallers' Association of Birmingham, &C. have long to wait. In the meantime let Protestants hear The draught of a memorial' was referred to a sub-corn what the enemy is doing, from his own organs. The mittee for correction in minor matters. chief Popish •paper of the last month declares that the THE ITALIAN Boys IN LONDON.—An inquest was Protestants who apostatize to Popery in the single chapel held at Seven Dials, yesterday week, on view of the body of Moorfields amount to one hundred and twenty in the of Joseph Leonardi, who was found dying from destitu last fire months, or about six a week ! A new establish, tion in the streets on the previous Wednesday s and ex ment of female devotees, who call themselves " The Sis- pired shortly afterwards in St. Giles's Workhor s The ters of Mercy," is about to be formed in Nottingham. A deceased was one of the great , number of Italian boys brought over to this country to perambsitate ‘f th n e ta streets ia nunnery in Sunderland is increasing its members, and two of the females have been put in charge of the large with hand organs, and he was in the ers p i sy named Rabbiotti. Two Italians in 0 schools belonging to their congregation. A convent of that he was a kind and consideras the same sisterhood is on the point of being established at Killarney, the lake district in Ireland. Such are a por- were well lodged and fed, a ••• e ma ster , named Fortunati, said he '.sad l and that they same' employ stated u not overworked. A lad, tion, and but a portion, of the efforts which every hour vice of Rabbiotti, and I sees making by the Popish priesthood for the propagationformerly been in the ser of their darkened and unhappy creed. In the British is were from nine in practised upon him. P it him on account of the cruelties Their hours of parading the streets' lands nunneries, monasteries, and masshouses are form they slept tl ing in every spot where they can obtain land for the pus- they from t;re'''' :the morning till eleven at night, and pose ; and the system of conversion—not to the doctrines,in a bed. He considered that the deceased for of the doctrines the converts have no comprehension, b y his ap , s e cruelties and assaults practised upon him nor does the Papist make any inquiry (a ll that has been vatior aster, and described one instance of great aggra settled long ago by the Council of Trent), but to the name doe - Deceased was labouring under disease of the and numbers of Popery, is urged with restless activity. ~ st, but was compelled to go the usual time into the But in America, where there are constant and large _,treet. A gentleman present, said the cruelty practised' emigrations of Papists, the rapid movements of Popes by the masters of the boy was inconceivable. The sur are still more remarkable. A Popish cathedral has' •Y geon said he found deceased's lungs one mass of disease, : seen lately opened at Natchez. In Cincinnati there b- but there was no mark of external violence. The jury a new importation of what are called " Sisters of ' been'haasrit' returned a verdict of " Natural death," accompanied by At Quebec the Popish Archbishop has just 19' . r (el ot' r u es t t li f s o o r oo a a severe censure of the conduct of Rabbioiti in allowing on land for ecclesiastical purposes—amour t h the deceased to be exposed to the inclemency of the yea. residence. A bill to incorporate anotb' r' Popish i st't tber, while he was so ill. It was stated that in the me rlon. named " The Ladies of the Saar Al . erat.tof JnesuisTh tropolis and principal manufacturing towns of England there are 1,000 Italian organ boys, who draw from the is before the Canadian legislature A Fopish cathedral public a sum exceeding £20,000 annually. Jan. 21, 1845. has been lately dedicated to St. Mary in Halifax, Nova Scotia; and a new Popish church in Halifax, dedicated to St. Patrick, is to be immediately opened ! in Sydney a new church, also dedicated to St. Patrick, is rapidly completing, and is said to be the finest church in the southern hemisphere. A Popish cathedral has been lately erected at Trinidad, on a large scale, with a convent and schools. The Popish college at Calcutta contains, as pupils training for the priesthood, eleven Englishmen, and eight other Europeans. This college is under the management of the Jesuits ! , e refer for information on this subject to the Pro testant Magozine, a work of principle and intelligence, and from which the best knowledge relative to the move ments of Popery is always to be obtained. We see, in this little sketch of more than a month, the restless and universal activity of Popery. And we are to remember for what purposes this powerful machinery is put in mo tion in every part of the world. If those were, to propa gate truth, to promote the exercise of the human under standing, or to protect the liberties of man, we should be among the loudest in our rejoicing; we should not pause a moment to ask by what hands this service was done, by what form of discipline different from our own, by what name of church new to our feelings ? But all the reverse is the result of Popish supremacy—the Scriptures fall into disuse, legends are taken for the truth, relics receive ho mage, the priest becomes the oracle, the Council of Trent the unanswerable authority, the Pope infallible! Con fession is the substitute for virtue, penance for principle; and thus every hour deepens the darkness, until all are blind. It is not without high and solemn necessity that we call on Protestantism to exercise its vigilance and vigour, or that we call on the Christian, not merely to protect himself from the most dangerous of all enemies, but to rescue human nature from a return to the misery and midnight of the dark ages.—Brilannia. TEA AND COFFEE. The tax on tea is considered objectionable : First, be cause it is a great article of family expense, costly on its use, on which a light tax is more oprressive than a heavier tax on other articles. Second, The extensive use of tea conduces both to the health and morals of the people: it is the peculiar distinction of tea that it refreshes with out intoxicating. On the contrary, it is commended by the Roman historian, when he is enumerating its impor tation into Europe among the other advantages of the trade to the East, as affording "an elegant repast." In supplanting the use of beer and other beverages in the morning and afternoon meal, its introduction has aided in the improvement of domestic manners; and if its price were lower, it would rival even more effectually the use of ardent spirits, that fruitful source of moral debase ment. In every view, therefore, this article ought to find especial favour with the rulers of the land, and to be lightly taxed. It has, however, been very heavily taxed in this country, at the rate of 100 per cent. ; to which 20 per cent. has been added by the tax on sugar, and formerly other 20 per cent by the monopoly of the East India Company. So heavy a tax was calculated to check the demand for so expensive an article; and accordingly its consumption does not appear, any more than that of sugar, to have kept pace with thel wealth and population of the country. In 1803, when the duty was raised on the finer teas to 95 per cent. the consumption remained sta tionery for seven years after, at between 20,000,000 and 21,000,000 lbs. In 1817 it amounted to 20,619,455 lbs. When the monopoly of tea by the East India Company was abolished in 1824, the tax of 100 per cent. was re pealed ; and new duties were imposed : on Bohea a duty of ls. 6d. per lb. ; on Congou and the finer teas, 2s. 2d.; and on the finest, such as Souchong, Gunpowder, &c. 35. The difficulty of classifying teas according to this new scale gave rise, as was alleged, to frauds on the revenue by the importers of tea; and the discriminating duty was relinquished fora duty of 2s. ld. per lb. on all teas. The great objection to this tax, as to all indiscriminate taxes, except they are extremely moderate, is, that it presses heavily, where it ought to press lightly ; and lightly where a heavier tax might be imposed. On the low-priced teas, such as Bohea, it is equal to 150 or 200 per cent. ; while on the finer teas it does not amount to above 50 or 75 per cent. The duty is regulated by the high-priced, when it should be regulated by the lower-priced teas. It is thus the reverse of being just and equal. By raising the price of the coarser teas, it lays the burden on the poorer and middling classes, the chief consumers of those teas ; while it presses more lightly on the rich, who use the finer teas, and on whom the burden ought chiefly to lie. Consider ing, besides, the nature of the article, the exorbitant duty is most objectionable ; and it encroaches deeply on the comforts of the community. The tax on salt, pepper, or on tobacco, though greatly exceeding the original cost, does not impose any great. additional expense on the con sumers, and does not materially restrain the consump tion. But a lighter tax on so expensive a luxury as tea is more heavily felt, and enforces economy in its use, though it conduces, more than any other article, to com fort as well as to morality. In every view it is an impo litic and an oppressive tax. The new duty of 2s. id. on the finer teas is, however, less in amount than the former ad valorem duty of 100 per cent; and the price has been still further reduced to about 20 per cent. by the large importations of the free-trader. The consequence has been a great increase in the consumption of tea, which amounted in the year 1841 to 36,675,667 Ihs. ; a clear proof that it is by the high price that it has been all along restrained. Coffee. like tea, is an extensive article of consumption, which will not bear a heavy tax. Yet it has been heavily and very unequally taxed in this country. The duty has varied from 6d.. its present amount, to Is. 7d., and even 2s. per lb, ; or from 60 to 150, or 200 per cent. Though possessing all the valuable qualities of tea, those high im posts nearly interdicted its use in this country. Nothing mote clearly exemplifies the bad effect of exorbitant duties. On an article in such great demand, expensive, the duty should never have exceeded 20 or 30 per cent. ; and it appears from experience, that a higher duty will not yield a larger revenue. The tax was raised from 6d. to 100. ; in 1796 it was raised to Is. 5d., and in 1804 to Is. 7id. Under the pressure of those heavy duties, the con sumption remained stationary while the population was increasing. It amounted, in 1789, to 930,141 lbs. ; and in 1807, the year before the duty was reduced to 7d. it had only increased to 1,176,164 lbs. The moment this de pressing load was taken off, the consumition bounded up as with an elastic spring to 9,251,837 lbs. its amount in 1808. The duty was again raised to Is. in 1819; but was finally reduced to 6d. in 1825, when the annual consump tion rapidly increasing, amounted, in 1840, to 28.723,735 lbs. ; and the duty of 6d. produced, in 1837, £675,120 ; and, in 1842, £740,053; a clear proof of the impolicy of the former duty of Is. 7td., which only produced, in 1807, £161,245. The effect of the reduced duty on coffee, in increasing the consumption, was aided by a falling price ; especially for about fifteen years after it took place, as well, by the prevailing taste of the community, which gave immediate effect to the lower duty. 'lea and coffee possesses nearly the same qualities, and appear equally acceptable to the public taste. The heavy duty, however, on coffee, and its high price, turned the scale in favour of tea, which accordingly had the monopoly of the market. The consumers would almost as soon have given different prices for the same qualities of tea, as a higher price for coffee. By the reduction of duty and the price, coffee was, for the first time, placed on an equality with tea in the British market; and the consequence was a sudden and extraordinary demand for this formerly forbidden article. The consumption of tea was also increasing at the same time; so that the falling price was diffusing a growing taste for both these luxuries; which, with the lower duty on coffee, should be used indifferently,—the one at no greater expense than the other.