The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-01-19 00:00:00

• think that he, with a view to escape his duties, ever wet through them in a slight or frivolous way. " I believe the chaplain was in ill health when no praye I have seen Dr. Buck very ill in preaching. -ys understood that was the reetson the _schooln , ed. I also have read the •• were read have aiwa fit tne atternoon Sundays. Sometime ago the chaplain was sick, and in c sideration of his weak state, it was agreed between the r and ehaplainthat I should read the prayers. ‘ - merally comes in soon alter." cal evidence was taken durir now of Liverpool Questions nut I )r. Pact nil the war kre yciu the medical Sine the summer of 1 you introduced to ►ne through Dr. Pentilebury, Manchester / es, sir. Do you, from your knowledge of my constitution, thin me likely to be greatly excited more than most men on seein cruelty and wrong If 1 might speak somewhat technically, Dr. Buck is of sanguineo-nervous temperament-1 should •say easily e citeable. On many occasions, after hi s • ties at the gaol, he has appeared to - think most men would liar, r ms return from his du - to suffer more than 1 been pre• fron;11;;;i1 vented slung mg many little (hit last two ye of my health durii It his been often %VC Have you ever cau sible in . ezitlin 4 . Often. • Explain the r The . Aloctorisno; the subject of doom is likely to be increased by over speakin the_doctor oval . n's•l have ;out‘, seen m after my return from Repeatedly. Dnyou think my labours in the gaol deteriorating my present health ? I think they have increased the bronchial affection a co deal. ►austed int mediat les at t avc had an May, I was Do' yon know that, during the month of Meted with any cutaneous disorder? This last seminar, sometithe. I cannot Were the members of my family labouring nider;tl complaint ? ~ . - . - TWO daughters, MrS. Buck, and the nurse. Name the disease? Scabies; or itch—the true itch. Did . my family, in consequence, proceed to the Isle of Man for recovery of health ? Yes, sir. How long were they away ? _ I have no knowledge of the time, but they were away yeral weeks. From what you have seen of me in private life, do you be lieve me worthy of credit? . I have always thought so. • Have vou found me strictly true and upright in m dealings ?. Always. rrom what you know of me in general, state your impres sion of my character as a man, and a minister of religion ? As far as I have seen, you have always been strictly honour able ; and I should say as a man, and a minister, I have al ways considered you sincere. • o you think my performance of entire Sunday duties twice daily, must have greatly distressed by bronchial affec. tiou ? • I should not advise you to perform the a►tire dut n►uch as I believe that public reading is more distr extemporaneou 3 speaking. Question by Captain Willan, first called by Dr. Buck to the c, suffering solely:under it, or were otl that When your attention wa s of his family at tiv Dr. Buck first spoke of an irratation of skin which be bad already spoken of to Mr. Archer, who had advised him to do something, but what I cannot now recollect ; and I aqvised him, whatever it was, to give it a trial, without looking at the doctor's skin. I was then visiting other' members of the family. ectio;i will car me, weeks aft er tha t, my attention was directed to a 'daughter, on which occasion I pronounced her to be suffering from itch, when - I was told that her papa's eruption was somewhat si milar, and when I next saw him, I found it to be itch also. After that three others of the family became subjects of the same disease. ar three Does thi;;lisease ever come on at first in a milder form, so as not to he contagious, being vescecular in the first instance, and afteFivards pustular ? Itch ilalways contagious, whether vescecular, or pustular. Do non-contagious eruptions, in the first instance, ever change into itch ? I should say not. RICHARD KAN c T e a t k i e fi n ea r e oath, ot p r .l . . Nah Sutherland.—About isieY. three month§ age, the Rev. Dr. Buck consulted me as to the state of his health. . He was suffering from relaxed sore throat, and general lan id guor of the constitution, whieh, to a certain 'extent, he is ag stilt affected with, aid I have all along been of opinion, that he his complaints have, to a considerable degree, arisen from his rd occupation as chaplain of the gaol. , Lircrpool, 21st Oct.', 1840 J. SUTHERLAND . , I think' it right to prove to - you that idleness was not my motive for employing the schoolmaster, but simply the weight of duty falling upon me on the Sunday; when in a very feeble state of health, brought on, as I verily believe, and greatly increased. by the severe nature and extent of my duties. Observe, jirst, the voluntary duty amongst the debtors, preaching evtry Wednesday night in their ward until illness Obliged me to desist. " Report, 29th October, 18` fcred by over much exertio' and service in the debte 3efore my:health had st ;tituted a weekly sermi led by nearly every person in confinement. On looking to my journal, at the date June 3d, IS3B, you will find that I preached three sermons ; December 9th, three.; December 16th, three; December 23d, four: Del eember 3Uth, four;_ May sth, 1839, five; May 12th, six; May 30th, four sermons ; the entry being—the schoolmaster officiated for inc amongst the boys the untried men, and the misdemeanants, as I had not strength to perform more than four seltt!ces. These extracts will, I trust, f u lly conv i nce y ou , th a t w hen in health, I have never flinched from performing heavy duties. I hope that where there has been an apparent avoid ance of fatigue, it will b e ascribed to its right motive. I proceed to the consideration of the charges of mutila tion, omission, and superfluity. Either the entire short morning service has been used, or the entire litany and communion services, or simply the en tire litany with a chapter, or with the psalms 'of the day. In one or other of these three ways morning prayer has al ways been conducted by me. You have been informed in the evidence that the commu nion service has not been read so frequently of late as for merly, the reason you have had in my reply a few minutes situ, As to ever having wilfu or the creed; I utterly deny it as untrue. I I lapse at the moment have omitted a single prays .ly neglected to ad the absolution through r, on an oc- casion; hut wilful systematical omission, 'I deny in the strongest terms which the decencies of e will permit. It is absolutely contrary to matter of fact. I have always prayed for Prince Albert, as the consort of the Queen of Great Britain ; if it be an offence I am willing to be punished for it. I have, however, desisted from the practice, and have read the entire full services, from the moment Capt. Williams expressed an opinion that I had been doing wrong. I have always performed clerical duties in a master of arts gown, not in a surplice ::my reasons were simply that I thought it more ,comfortable, more suitable to a prison, more cleanly, more convenient. Since my appointment seven magistrates, or eight, and several members of the council, have at various times been present at the chapel service, and have seen me thus attired, thus performing clerical duties ; no one ever yet spoke to me, except in the language of ap probation. The inspector on his first visit saw me thus attired, and made no complaint. Server qui non prohibet, naandaci creditur. Any departure from mere forms, in a prison, where the minority only profess to be of the Established Charch, and where nearly all are absolutely ignorant of the fir4t princi ples of christianity ; any departure from forms (without sacrifice of principle) which may be likely to gain the willing attention of such an auditory, I should until now, have thought proper, judicious, n ecessar y, an d therefore quite justifiable. To impart truth to the ignorant, has been my object ; to do which, I have avoided all that could give of fence ; I have held forms at a very gr e a t di sc o un t, in a place, where I witness only ignorance and crime, and consequently wretchedness. You have it in evidence that the service, shortened as it has been, occupies one hour and a half, of which thirty minutes are devoted to the sermon. There cannot, - there fore, have been any very extensive omissions. Now when it is considered that during this period, the prisoners, very closely seated to each other, on low forms, without any sup port for the back, are subjected to that prison rule which says, " The foll ow i ng a re de c l ar ed to be the acts of disorder and punishable as such—namely, any unnecessary looking round or about (each prisoner being required to look before him) either at divine service, or at work or meals, &c., and that the interpretation of what is necessary or unnecessary movement, rests with a turnkey ; you will surely think that these wretched beings have been detained sufficiently long by me, Witness to this, the fact of 199 reports in six weeks, and 27 reports on one and the same day, for offences in chapel—the great proportion of these human beings being obliged to attend the service, though contrary to the convic tions of their consciences ; and you will not lose sight of the fact, that many extre me ly ignorant and even worthless cha racters; feel keenly on matters affecting their fancied creeds. Consider once again, gentlemen, the evidence runs all one way : that the prisoners like to attend the service—that no dissatisfaction has been expressed—that an individual, who you know will speak out his mind freely and warmly, has yet managed to steer clear of giving offence to prisoners, never needlessly arousing angry feelings, but of whom it is wit nessed that they would think it a punishment to be kept away. Shall a person, having this hold upon their feelings, and under suchpeculiarly trying circumstances be deraded ! dishonoured ! rejected ! subjected to u the pain s and penalties of an ecclesiastical court! for dealing in the truth, rather than in forms and ceremonies ? You cannot, gentlemen, you will not, I am sure, assent to such injustice. Consider the singularity, the absurdity of a trial before an ecclesiastical tribunal, not in the ease of the Church against Thorogood, but of Christopher Rawdon, Robert Ellison Harvey, Richard Vaughan Yates, Esquires, and others, ma gistrates, on behalf of the corporation of Liverpool, against John Buck, D.C.L., Clerk, " For dividing the usual morning service. " For officiating without a surplice. " For praying for Prince Albert. " For allowing a layman to read prayers." I regret, gentlenien, 'deeply regret, that such an inquiry, I mean on such points, should have been instituted. One word to me in private would have led to any change deemed really needful .for the good of the prison, or the comforts of the magistracy. Now, in reference to these departures from matters of form, I call your attention to some obervations which have been elicited in evidence, which will stew that good has been effected, religious instruction well and prudently adminis tered. Governor,— The present morning service, including the sermon, occupies an hour and a half. The sermon occupies on an average 30 to 35 minute.— " I believe magistrates have attended the service, and seen Dr. Buck without a surplice." •" The magistrates have ordered that in the clrai absence the service should be read by the schoolmaster flee " I believe that Dr. Buck's health has been so weak, employment of the schoolmaster has been in consequence of it. I have seen him so bad that he was scarcely fit to yo into the Pulpit." " I have ,the opportunity of knowing whether Dr. Buck Performs his duty ill or well. I should not apply the word Skulking' to any part of his conduct. Ido not think that he, with a view to escape his duties, ever went through them in a slight or frivolous way." " I always thought that Dr. Buck has done everything in his power to promote the good and the moral improvement of the prisoners. lam not aware that he ever performed service more frequently than the law requires —I mean in the chapel ; but he has done it in the rooms, and on various oc casions gone from room to room, when the chapel was unfit for use, and a other times. Be has addressed the prisoners four times a day in the yards, and perhaps six, but I cannot say, as it is a long time back. I refer to the Sunday service during the alterations of the chapel. that good to a certain extent ha's been amony the prisoners. I have been ( discourses I should sa. , e7tVrall; I believe members of my family have. I ( t ie risoners s-ay they have been; and I Ahoy,ld think from ti tears in thechap'el it was so Schooimasict : .—" Dr. Buck usually preaches with great warmth. I have reason to think, from my •office, that his ministry has been useful and.valuable in the gaol. " I have never heard from him a doctrine opposed to the 9 articles. He is in the constant habit of exhorting pri merS to kl oral conduct, and obedience to the rules of the I never heard him preach a sentiment calculated to the prisoners disobedient to the rules." " I think I have never heard the chaplain utter a sentence in that chapel which could pain the feelings of prisoners of prismi another per•suasioa." • : . Law.—" I know the - proportion of Roman Catholics is more than any other. 1 know it from their own assertions in taking descriptions. The Roman Catholics attend chapel." " I believe the chaplain was in ill health when no prayers were read." " I have seen Dr. Buck very ill in preaching always understood that was the reason the schoolinash I have " Ido not remember one case of a Roman Catholic ref ing to yo to chapel 021 account of Dr. Buck preaching 'heir religion. -He has often told them, if they wished _ _ stay away c ihink I hav their delight at attending dechapc oners ask to go to cha, if uc hie y Mr. Jame When lieing at Kirkdale I ust Ininistr 1 have heard ti pretty often. Ido not think the doctrines opposed to those of the Church of Itngland the prisone exhorts thc has done so several tir Catholics express I have often het lv attend chapiam:preat in to moral conduct, repentance, and prayer. Ile has: taken the prison rules, gone through the wards, and in- Culeated.obedience to them on the prisoners. I have Wit nessed a great burst'of emotion among the prisoners during his preaching. I have approved greatly of his ministry. I have walked from Kirkdale on Sunday night twice to his re sidence to hear him preach. I cannot say that I have hea anything from Dr. Back in my opinion co trines of the church." trary to the dog Mahon.—" I cannot say that any fernaleprisoner has com plained to me of the subject matter of Dr. Buck's sermons. I believe the females in general like to attend the chapel. 1 think they would consider it a puttshriaent*be kept away." School-mistress.—" The catholic females have never mani fested auk disinclination to Dr. Buck's attention. They. Once told me of his mentioning something. in his sermon which offended them. They said it was that the catholics worship ped image I told them that they must have misunderstood him• Only that once have I heard them complain." Surgeon.—" I have found some of the prisoners have been greatly pleased with what Dr. Buck has said to them, that ()Users have felt indignant at what has been said to them with regard to points'' doctrine. I should rather say one, not others,' of the prisoners. There is one man, a butcher, who appeared indignant at what Dr. Buck had said to him as to what salvation depended on. Dr. Buck told me he thought ke was not right in his mind." This is the testimony of officers of a prison where more than 600 persons are confined. After the chaplain has preached. nearly 1000 sermons in the place. His ministry, he ventured to believe, would not be thought to have been very, injudici ous, nor his partial disuse of forms any very grievous or un pardonable offence, —considering that nearly 12,000 prisoners have been under his instruction, professing every variety of creed. I believe I have gone through my answer to this charge i. a way that will satisfy you that I have not purposely avoide any part of it. I. really had the bishop's permission, though' he thinks that permission was only limited to week day duty. I honestly. thought I had that permission, and made such entries into my journal as could not fail to arrest the attention of the ma gistrates, and of the insoector of prisons. I made a bona tide division of services, which was not departed - from, nor the schoolmaster allowed commonly to take the afternoon prayers, until the state of my health required the rest thereby obtained. I have faithfully and fully performed more than every duty required of me, without unnecessarily wounding the feelings of those obliged to hear me. I have studied their comfort, their welfare, without sacrificing any essential truth; and men have been benefited. That I shall be able to satisfy the Bishop of Chester, I have .no doubt ; I hope my reply may be deemed as satisfactory by the gentlemen I now ad dress. NINTH CHARGE, AND CONCLUDING CONSIDERATION Ninth.—Whether the general conduct of the chaplainims, from the evidence produced, tended to union amongst the officers, and the general good government of the prison. Tentll.—The consideration - of the chaplain's fitness for his peculiar office, as adduced from the general evidence on tTlis enquiry ntlemen, if laborious c rtion, if unwearied dili,genc( f a constant endeavour to bear an ring, if hatred of oppression )1* my c radian . . .3ed for the truth of what I say) abundant cause to dis Miss ne from your employ, and to hold me up to the Contempt of ny fellow-men ; but not otherwise, as the Lord is my wit- n who will bring the hidden things of darkneSs to rho will not sit quietly and see injustice prepared— who will, notwithstanding rebukes, speak to his superiors with an unflinching brow, nod without fear or dismay—mav he troublesome, but ennobled minds will approve him. I have not inherited noble blval without feeling something of its influence on my mind I have not passed my youthful manhood in the profession of arms without being indignant at the imputation of dishonour : I have not exercised for many years the office of a minister of Christ, without feeling something . of the dignity of my position amongst men : cannot but burl back with indignation on the man who hr putes dishonoUr to me, his own charge; under the 4 " conviction, that as charity, so true things, and, equally with that lovely grace, than exaggerates the multitude of sins. I should sin against God, against ;out, if I did not fearlessly tell you, that r walk wit di sirer 11 in al you have been in err 3 the on S that bt pos6ibl him; of tirme ion, hopeth rather coy( 4D to eon( e, I have . I claim an honest avowal that I claim the solemn assurance, that lot be subjected to the law of henceforth your chaplain w (To be cont OUR DEAF AND DUMB - INSTITUTIW PRESENT CONDUTCTED. S, AS AT IVERPOOL ST4NDARD SIR,—I Mil most anxious, through the columns of your valuable paper, to address the patrons of all deaf and dumb institutions, and in particular the patrons of the Liverpool Deaf and Dumb Institution, and indeed all benevolent per sons who take an interest in those helpless fellow-creatures of ours, who enter into life bearing in their imperfect bodies the marred and withering blight of a fallen world. It is :a generally received opinion that education must, even with the most intellectual mute, be partially defective ; the sure basis with them as well a is, the revealed Word of God ; education on bough are dul some mut _ of comprehension, hard to impart head my le to learn to do any thing with tion to, yet activ ds, cipabl ,ught of ) . e entrusted in the - world by diemsel liildren of the noor : if the mute is a gir deaf and d moral percepti 't to err. )r practical je :ft to herself, more 1 I wrong not clear,.sl: sent into the world with a into vice from mere inabi; hy not conducted on the same princ ere, the mutes would over the blind, beine able to see to do t lose for attention to it would be more fixed. Look at our Blind In stitution in this town, it is most flourishing. A large sutra has been expended in building the new Deaf and Dunlb Institution here, yet no mutes can enter it unless a sum is paid for their education, after they have been edu cated in any of the deaf and dumb institutions, it is a rare oc currence for any of them to be retained as servants, no matter how destitute they may be. _ Upoi the ninth charge, which is so indefinite, and the con cluding query, so completely a matter for the solemn expres ion of your opinions, I shall say but few words. • You know the governor's habits and manners; you have had before you, in committee, so many instances of his jea lousy concerning the chaplain's office ; so many proofs, in evidence, of his family's interfering with matters with which they had no right to intermeddle, that really it would be miraculous, even if ruling the prison in the usual open man ner of fair dealing between man and man, I could have avoid ed collision with him. But if you take into consideration his office, as proved in evidence, to have been conducted on that, to my mind, most objectionable principle of espionage, you will acknowledge, that were I an angel from heaven, perfect tranquility could not be preserved for any length of time. I forbear, from motives you will appreciate, to refer to proceedings going on hand in hand with those now holding on ray case. On several occasions I have been in collision with the go vernor, and so would any other man of feeling and of educa tiO► have been. I will endeavour, from memory, to recapi • de a complaint, soon after the inspector's last visit f cruelty, connected, not think - my cpmplairt at that tim Spect - thedungt-niis, - welf fiiiiriiied; — and tliereforg repri= mancled me. The latter part of the inquiry, so, far as I have heard, was never inquired into. This was in November, 1838. Soon after you returned me your thanks for bringing to light an instance of oppression against a prisoner. The following is the copy of a letter addressed by me to the visit ing magistrates, 31st August, 1838:—" The chaplain has_ to report to the *magistrates that he has this morning been re fused permission to visit a boy, confined in a dark cell. He will feel obliged by the magistrates deciding whether, under any circumstances, the chaplain can be kept from visiting any prisoner."—This matter was inquired into, and set upon a proper basis, it being fully explained that no such power was vested in the governor. Then 'followed the case of a turnkey, whom you discharged, on my complaint, for strikifig a boy. Then followed a dispute about the psalmody,'of which you must be aware I ought always to have had the direction. Afterwards, on the occasion of the governor reprimanding me, and that most uncourteously, in presence of his clerk, you obliged him to apologise to me. The resolution entered thus reads on ythir minutes : . " The committee is of opinion that, upon the governor's own admission, he made use of expressions towards the chaplain which were improper, and such as ought to be ex plained ; and that the conduct of the chaplain in the affair was correct." This minute is dated August 6th. 1839. On a subsequent occasion, on the governor refusing' me the use of the incident book, you reprimanded him ; and lastly, for keeping the transports from chapel, and treating me con temptuously, through his turnkey, you- entered a reproof against him in your journal, beating date August 4, 1840, thus expressed : " The chaplain having stated on his journal, that he came to the prison on the afternoon of Sunday last, intending to address the convicts under sentence of transportation; who were to be taken to the hulks on Tuesday next, and prepared to do so ; he found they were not in chapel, the exact tint 'of service being thought by the governor most suitable for them to write letters to their friends ; and the chaplain and the governor having been heard by the committee, and the governor having admitted that, when Thomas Spurr, the turnkey, delivered to him the message from the chaplain 'respecting the convicts, he had threatened to dismiss him if he at all interfered with any orders relating to the convicts. " Resolved,—That it is the opinion of the committee that such want of courtesy to the chaplain is calculated to weaken the respect which all the officers of the gaol ought to have for the chaplain." : Now, gentlemen, so far as I can remem b er , th ese are a ll the collisions which have occurred between the governor and me since February, 1838, in most of which you coincided with me. Is it then fair to condemn me because the gover nor has not known how to conduct himself towards the chap lain of your prison ? As to the turnkeys, with one or two exceptions, I do in my conscience believe you could not more severely distress them (though their feelings being aroused on one point by the presence of the inspector, I can get no support from them at this moment) than by your dishonouring me by an adverse verdict. They know me to he their friend ; they know well that, far from having disputes with me, when they have been at variance with the governor, (from his fickle disposition a common concurrence,) I have always been applied to as the peacemaker. I will repeat what I have already said, that during the last eighteen months there has been comparative peace in the prison, as much peace as circumstances could have warranted any reasonable man in expecting, from the close contact of such materials as the officers of your prison, and I now speak of them from the highest to the lowest, of course including .myself. The government inspector has seriously called•you to con sider whether the conduct of the chaplain has tended to union amongst the officers of the prison, thence leading you to the conclusion that his remaining in office is not for the good of the public service. Now, let me ask you, if there has been a want of union, whether that ought not rather to be ascribed to that under plot, that undermining conduct. which has characterised the government of the borough prison, ratter than to any thing the chaplain has done, or could have avoided. Papers, deeply affecting the character of a minister of Christ, were, at the governor's order, pre pared by turnkeys, from memory, from impressions after hearing a particular discourse, and this at a time when the governor was at variance with the chaplain. He did not dare to produce them at the time when they could have been fully replied to. The governor shews the chaplain an entry in his journal of dubious wording—l should rather say, that might media anything or nothing,—tells him it means one thing—tells the justices at the time that it had no meaning— and sustains their reprimand without wincing. And now, many months having elapsed, he tell s y ou on oah it had two Meanings. On the one hand he meant to call upon you for a declaration of your intentions as to prison discipline, your privateiustructions to him as to visitors being at variance with your public orders; and on the other hand he meant to-con vey an imputation against me, although my name does not occur in the entry in his journal, nor any one word.from which it might be inferred that I was pointed at. During the intervals two or three instances of discourteous conduct towards the chaplain are reproved by you. Your chaplain, not knowing the under plot, receives the daughter of his enemy into the bosom of his own family —at Mr. Batcheldor's request, agrees to take charge of his prison as his deputy. This person, who tells the justices that the chaplain was the only officer of the prison in whom he could place confidence, and against whom he was retaining secret written charges, a week afterwards produces papers deeply affecting the character of the man he had all along under the guise of friendship been evidently intending to represent as having fomented rebellion in the prison. Yqu will learn, I am persuaded with pain and indignation, that the most underhand proceedings have been resorted to, for the purpose of bringing evidence against me. Even cha rity' has been made the medium for inducing accusations. An individual meeting with two prisoners just discharged, after one had made known his poverty, gave a shilling, t o relieve present necessity ; and then, the moment after this gift, coolly i nqu i red, " What kind of a man is the chaplain ? Can you give any information as to irregularities on the part of the chaplain ?" O e h d , i g n e g n s. tlemen! my soul sickens at the thought of such proce I have answered the charges preferred against me, in a way which will, I trust, have met your approbation. That I am innocent—that I have been defamed—that my feelings have been greatly outraged, I believe the Inspector of Pri sons will now think ; and, unless 1 be greatly deceived, he will be of the first to confess, though some of my remarks may have been painful to him, that he had taken an errone ous view of my character. * After this evidence, who can justly accuse Dr. Buck of sectarianism ? • t These were all 'school girls. Those institutions are ostensibly for the benefit of mutes, let them be so in deed, and in truth, let them be homes for mutes, where the industry of those received, will bring a rich revenue into the institution, where the mute girls that are destitute may be able to find a secure refuge from 'an evil world, and the mute boys remain if they please, at their re spective trades taught them there, being paid for their work after they have served an apprenticeship, trades being taught in the institution, it would be easy to ascertain what one, a boy would be most likely to excel in. Embroidery on muslin cannot be well taught to the blind, the mute girls could easily learn it, and it would be most profitable. Constituted as those institutions are 'at present, they merely commence a good work, without carrying out on a large scale any prac tical temporal good result to the poor mutes afterwards. • The children of the poor sent to the different institutions and paid for by charitable persons, are charged at one insti tution, thirteen pounds per annum, and at the end of three years they must be removed, some, if dull, little the better for the sum expended; now it is well known where the facul ties are even perfect, that dull men are often found to make most excellent tradesmen—good shoe Makers—good joiners— good tailors, if trades were taught as well as letters, why the dull mute might come out a good tradesman, letting the in stitution reap the full benefit of his work during his appren ticeship, and after, if he chose to remain there, to be paid what remuneration the institution might think fit to give. Much interest lately has been drawn to Deaf and Dumb table institutions in an enlarged sense at present, they give comfortable and affluent homes to the masters and their fafailies, and those - eonnectenvith the institutions, but they give not a permanent home to one destitute mute, all are paid for who enter them, they arc merely schools, the teachers, &c. reaping all the pecuniary benefit. Let the Liverpool In stitution be the first to set the example of receiving mutes, for the purpose of giving them trades, and a permanent home, as well as education, and it will reap a large rewar d. • If the plan faintly sketched in the foregoing is carried out, there is not the slightest question but the institution would become equally as prosperous as that for the Blind •, parents would be delighted to secure a safe home for their poor children, as well as employment. It may be said that the blind are far more numerous than mutes, comparatively I grant; still, however, mutes are very numerous, and it would not be long before the institution would be filled; any expense that would be incurred would only be in the first instance, in paying persons to instruct in . trades, and the funds of the instituti on wou ld i n a ver y s h or t time be increased much by the labour of the mutes, and with that increase its capability of more extensive usefulness. I earnestly beg those clergymen who have preached in aid of the Liverpool Institution lately, to gi , ie their attention to what has been most humbly suggested here, and improve on the faint outline drawn out. As yet those institutions are but in their infancy. On the continent a benevolent individual has lately esta blished printing works, the labour of which is entirely done by mutes. • Trusting sincerely that this letter may have the effect of calling forth active exertion on the part of those whose wish it is to promote, as far aA human means can do, the happi ness here and hereafter, of the poor mute.—l am, sir, most faithfully yours, W. I. THE COURT, WINDSOR, THURSDAY.—Her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the Duchess of Kent, were prevented, by the inclemency of the weather, from taking their accustomed airing. His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge and the Earl of Erroll took their departure from the castle this morning. Col. Cowper, equerry to her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, arrived at the castle this afternoon. The following personages will be included in the royal din ner party this evening :—Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the Duchess of Bedford, Prince Esterhazy, Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston, Viscount Duncannon, Viscount Melbourne, Lord Alfred Paget, Lady Fanny Cowper, Lady Fanny Howard, the Hon. Misses Pitt and Paget, Earl Tin gal, Hon. C. A. Murray, Colonel Bouverie, Admiral Sir R. Otway, Capt. Seymour, Earl of Uxbridge, and the Ladies Eleanora and Consta nce Paget, and Baroness Lebzen. FRIDAY.—This afternoon his Royal Highness Prince Al bert drove her Majesty out in a pony phaeton, and passed through the town of Windsor. Lord Alfred Paget and Colonel Bouverie attended her Majesty and the prince on horseback. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent has not taken her usual airing to -day. His Highness Prince Esterhazy took his departure from the castle this morning, as did also Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston, Lady Fanny Cowper, Viscount Duncannon, and Colonel Cowper. The following personages will be included in the royal din ner party this evening :—Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the Duchess of Bedford, Earl 'Fingal, Lord Alfred Paget, Lady Fanny Howard, Hon. Misses. Pitt and Paget, Admiral Sir R. Otway, Hon. C. A. Murray, Col. Bouvcrie, Captain Seymour, Mr. and the Hon. G. E. Anson, and Baroness Lehzen. • JOURNAL OF THE MONEY MARKET, THURSDAY EVENING.—The funds show ratherbetter to day, which may be attributed to the existence of a demand for stock, and the expectation of a continued demand to morrow, which is the settlement and opening day fur Con sols. The Bank broker was the seller of stock to the amount of 30 or £40,000 ; but it must not be taken from this that the sates were for account for the Bank, as might be generally supposed ; for the Bank broker, like others of the craft, does business, of course, for all respectable clients and connec tions. The brokers were mainly occupied to-day in the ad justment of " puts and calls," and preparations for the set tlement to-morrow. Consols left off 893 to for this ac count and money, and for the February account 894. Bank Stock advanced to 165 to 7. India Stock 249 to 25L Ex chequer Bills 9s. to lls. premium' FRIDAY EVENING.—The settlement of the account in the Home Market has been a fortunate day for the speculators for the rise, as the demand for stock raised the prices of Con sols to 891 to for money, and 90 to -A. for account. The fluctuations during the account now ended have ranged be tween something like about 874 and 894, which, of course, involves a considerable proportion of differences to be liqui dated. These differences have not, however, been of any serious aggregate amount to individual jobbers, as, of course, in the regular way of business, they are in the habit of " stop ping a loss," or changing their accounts, on any decisive ma nifestation of a change in prices. Exchequer Bills were Bs. to 10s. prernimn. Bank Stock advanced to 167 to 8. The Foreign Market remains without any particular Varia tion. Spanish Active with the Coupons were 21 to /. Por tuguese Five per Cents 31/ to 24 ; the Three per Cents 19/ to 20,1, Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents 50i1 to I ; the Five per Cents 98A to 9. Belgian 971 to 83. Brazilian 70 to Pi. Mexican 28,1 to /. Colombian 233 to I. London and Birmingham Shares Were 82 - to 4 ; .Great Western 29 to 31; the Half Shares 14 to 15 ; Gosport 7 to 8 premium. South Western 58 to 9 per share. North Mid kind 21 to 19 ; Brighton 64- to 6; Blackwall 4 to 3?i discount New North Midland Shares 1 discount to par. A ridiculous story is going the round of the papers, stating that his Royal Highness Prince Albert took a fancy to tht fifty guinea horse of a gentleman in Hyde Park, and ulti mately purchased it for 1,000 guineas!—London paper. APPROACHING MARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFE.—We under stand the marriage of the Hon. Miss Spring Rice, daughter of Lord Monteagle, and maid of honour to her Majesty the Queen, and Mr. J. G. Marshall, will be solemnised in the course of the ensuing month. We feet much pleasure in laying before our readers some particulars of an experiment recently made by Mr. Badcock, chemist, of St. James's-street. Mr. B. has inoculated E fine young cow of bis own with small-pox ; with the lymph from the animal . he has vaccinated his own child ; and from that child he is now supplying the medical men of Brighton with pure fresh lymph, such as was used formerly by the justly celebrated Dr.•Jenner.—Brighton Gazette. :ATH C (U , toad One addition, P A CHILI A NARCOTIC h morph' ) FROM TOO STRONG .A :.-ADJOURNED INQUEST ,t the Coroner hat the deceased 'were given to it of a Najd but here stat of Mr. Sheldon, dru only was exam hied Gfor syrup of poppies rid his testimony Hargrave Brett being recalled, said .nalysis of the contents of the bottle, before camined it as to itsTeculiar taste and odour ; odour being peculiarly characteristic of, and drug but oviurn. The fluid was afterwards distilled, - and a small quantity of spirits of wine obtained from it. What remained was sweet, with an after-taste bitter, and possessing an odour not unlike treacle. I dis solved this reMaining substance in water, and attempted to separate morphia, the active principle of opium from it, but found that was not thrown down by the ordinary re-agents. This I suspected to be owing to the presence of the saccha rine matter. I therefore ma d e . comparative experiments syrup, boiled together with a ,cid, and i that ihe'ordiilary r :eats were u at it couta able to presence of st col• iid which 1 nad to sons before stated. For the same reason I cannot take upon me to say, that four drops of the liquid would be suffithent to destroy the life of a child of the age of the deceased ; but I think it pOssible that such a quantity would do so. lam not aware that there is any settled opinion as to the existence Of of poppies, prepared according to the Lon xia but I think it probable that the narcotic urn may exist in such syrup ; and I am quite rup of poppies prepared according to the di f the London Pharmacouteit', would not possess the opium in syr principle of ( satisfied that rectior peculiar taste and odour which heionsxd to the substance of which I made a chemicALexamination. two o'clock, the jury having waited a considerable time heldon, who had peolvised to attend at one, and who had not vet arrived, The CORONER said, that before he proceeded to make any remarks on the evidence, he could not but say that he con sidered Mr. Sheldon had shown disrespect to the court by not . attending according to his promise. This, however, ought not to affect the case in their minds—a case which might place a young woman, the wife of Mr. Sheldon, in a painful sittiatio. They had first to consider what caused the death of the child ; and, from the evidence of Mr. Bullock, it ap- . peared to have been produced by some narcotic poison. They would have to consider whether the drug Was so administered to of manslaughter. If a person pro that required skill and judgment the law contemplated that he v petent to tic; it; and.thi: pplied equally to regular as well as to irregular practitioners .ss were those merel litho took upon themselves to prescribe medicines, and Thom le had on a former occasion designated, and would again " pests to society." He alluded to . St. John Long, rho had been held amenable for• the fatalities that occurred d, tried at th .s the only one he hai licted for manslaughter, in causing the ileatl Afant child by ne lanum for The facts were 4:s follow ery ill, the mist's it, but who, sups ing it tc - .. .. only nine weeks old, six c ave her inf yen drops in a little sugar si It appeared in evidence that the son, who was ten iced the apprentice, whom he found in the shop, he received the phial, how many drops he line weeks old, and the boy answered ears old, and from whoi shOuld give to a child ten drops The Su m, on being examined, said :—" It is impossible to say exactly what quantity will cause death to a child nine weeks old. I should consider it very dangerous to give even a drop pure. 1 never give more than half a drop. I cannot say positively that three orfour drops would destroy a child of that age, brit I should he afraid of the consequences. Two or three drops would be likely to . cause convulsions, but this is not always the case ; sleepingp also common. 1 have not analysed the contents of the phial. I know of no test but smell and taste ; those I have tried . There i s a cons id era bl e quantity of opium in paregoric; the colour is lighter than that of opium, but there isa considerable resemblance. - In looking at the bottle I think a person not very conversant might mistake one for the other. There is much less of opium in paregoric than in lauclTium. In an oung of lauda num there are twenty-four grains nearly. In an ounce of in the Scotch paregoric eight The ordinary paregoric sold in the shops here is the It was further proved by the prisoner's master audanum bottle and the paregoric bottle stood side 3nglish paregoric two grains that th by side - Judge Bayley said :—" If a party is guilty of negligence, and death ensues, the party guilty of that negligence is also laughter. if you think there was negligence 1 find him guilty—if not, lner yot ound him guilty, And the Court sentenced hi ation that there were four -the father and mother of He then recanitulatet the t that M '-a-teaspoonful (or about :11l drops) At) be taken, and afterwards drew back, and directed three or four drops to be given, in which there was a very great difference. The question was, whether there - was shown !,0 ttrelt. a want of care and skill as to bring the act within the t.tw as man slaughter. If the liquid had been found to• be laudanum, without syrup, and that it had been given, when syrup of poppies was asked for, the offence would be manslaughter. A mere administration, by mistake, of any medicine that proved fatal, would not constitute that offence. He (Mr. Curry) having had some doubts on the subject, had written to Mr. Crompton, than whom he did not know a more acute crown lawyer : •and that gentleman had kindly read the depositions, and had sent his opinion in the letter beheld in his hand. (Mr. C. hertrread the letter, the principal point of which was, that if a m e di c i ne diff erent f rom th a t as k e d f or were g i ven ,• and death ensued from its use, the offence would undoubtedly be manslaughter.) The verdict could not affect Mr. Sheldon himself, as it did not appear in evidence that be had autho rised the medicine to be dispensed. With respect to the wife, unless she gave a drug different from that asked for, she would stand acquitted of the manslaughter. Much depended on the analysis, - and Mr. Brett said there was in the drug some syrup, or saccharine, so that it might be that. which was sold at Mr. Sheldon's for syrup of poppies, though not properly compounded as it ought to have been It they thought there was not sufficient evidence to affect Mrs. Sheldon, they must then be thrown upon the consideration whether the parents had not administered an overdose, in which case . their verdict would be against both of them—both t direct having assisted to administer it—as - a case of " chance med ley," which meant that the drug was administered with a good intent, but produceld death. The jury, after some minutes consideration, brought in a verdict of " Chance medl e y," as affecting the parents, and appended to their verdict their strong reprehension of the negligent conduct of Mr. Sheldon, in conducting his busi- The Coroner, addressing Mr. Sheldon. said this was not the first, second, or third enquiry over which he had had the painful duty to preside, i n w hi c h d eat h h a d ensue d f rom d rugs prescribed from his (Mr: S.'s) shop. It was Mr. S.'s duty to confine himself solely to the dispensing of such drugs as he re ceived prescriptions for from competent professional men. From the time the jury had taken to consider their verdict, it was evident to him that Mrs. Sheldon had had a narrow esc ape from a verdict of m ans l aug ht e r, i n whi c h case it wou ld have been his duty to commit her to Lancaster Castle for trial. He hoped, however, the result, though not so serious, would have a salutary effect. Mr. Sheldon said he should take means to prevent a re currence of such a fatality, as regarded his shop, and added that he would have attended the court at the appointed time, but that he had been in the country on business, and that on his return that morning a wh ee l o f th e coac h i n w hi c h h e was broke down, by which he was delayed. UNION OF THE OPHTHALMIC AND EAR INSTITUTIONS. For some time it has been considered desirable that the ophthalmic and Ear Institutions should be united, and we have now the pleasure of stating that this object has been accomplished. Yesterday, the annual meeting of the friends and subscribers to both charities was held in the Clarendon rooms, South John-street, .for the purpose of the business usual on such occasions being transacted, and for their assent being given to the proposed union. There were present about forty, including the Rev. Rector Brooks, the Rev. T. B o ld, the Rev. R. L. Townsend, the Rev. J. Hoskins (of Chester), Sir J. Sainsbury, Captain Cleather, Dr. Edwards, and Messrs. John Crossfield, Gordon, Sharpe, R. C. Dawson, Neill, Joshua Edwards,...Tohn - Ripley, Oxley, J. R. Chorley, Wm. Chorley, Hadwemj Hutchinson, and Hamner.. ROBERTSON GLADSTONE, Esq., was unanimously called to the chair. The CHAIRMAN opened the propeedings by stating that this was the annual meeting of th e su b scr ib ers to the Ear and to the Ophthalmic Institutions. The report of the com mittee of the Ophthalmic Institution Would firstbe read, and afterwards a proposition would be made for uniting the two, which, as far as he could see, appeared to be very desirable. The TREASURER of the Ophthalmic Institution then pre sented a statement of his accounts. It appeared that in the course of the year donations had been received to the amount of £B3 13s. 11d, but that after including tie annual subscrip tions there remained a balance due to him of £66 14s. 10d. Mr: NEIL, surgeon, then read the report, which was a very long document. Owing to the accidental loss of the records of the c h ar ity, it commenced with a brief but inte resting history of its operations since its commencement. It next expressed the regret of the committee at the treasurer's statement showing a heavy debt, and explained that it had been caused by repairing the house at the corner of Harford street, which had been granted to the charity by the corpo ration. • The annual income from subscriptions, the report stated, was £lB7 ss. 6d., whilst the ou tl ay i n the past year had been £354 135., thus leaving a large sum to be made up by the chances of charitable donation s . All u din g to the utility of the charity, the report stated that since its com mencement no less than 92,19 persons had received surgical assistance ; that in the past year 21,85 new cases had been admitted ; that in the same period 49 persons had been ope rated upon for cataract dir artificial pupil. It further stated that since 1835 no fewer than 2 33 persons had been operated upon, in the house, for cataract and artificial pupil ; and that the whole number of patients since the commencement of the charity, 21 years ago, was 31,330. Along with the re port Mr. Neil produced a statistical table of the cases treated each month, and of the state of the atmosphere, which he did not read, but which, he said, shewed that eye disease de creased from Christmas to July, and increased from July to Christma On the WARDS, Mr. Goßows, seconded by Mr. En •'s accounts, together with the ,report :a to be printed, and circulated among just read, we the subm'xiber Sir Jour. SALusuuus moved that the thanks of the meet ing he given to the officers of the charity, for their valuable services during the past year.—The Rev. R. L. TOWNSEND having seconded the r uotion,it was unan i mously carr i ed. The business of the day , with regard t o t h e Opthaltnic In stitution, terminated with the r e - appointment of the com mittee. _ —.-. • The • TREASURER for the Ear Institution then produced his accounts. It appeared that, after defraying every expense, there was a balance rem ai ning or £7 18 s. Bd . T he Trea surer added, that if this institution were amalgamated with the Ophthalmic, the greater part of its expenses would be saved to the public, and a great deal of valuable time to the gentle men who formed the committee. As there was yet an ex pense of about £3O, it would be necessary to collect the sub scriptions for the present year. Mr. NIEL then read the report—which was the first made since the establishment of the charity 18 months ago. It ap- DOSE pcared that, within that period, elves of its assistance. two charit Neil stat nation of t lent of ti. treasurer's accounts, and the report, be printed and circu lated. tion either ccind it to add any remarks of 1 US owl which he relied for the ind a few words was, that h e hadlimselfpartaken of those bene fits • which this society distributed among the labotirin„ classes. He had contended himself, for eight years, with a most distressin; deafness ; but, during last year having placed himself under theirdistinguished medical adviser, (Mr. Neil), he had obtained a degree of improvement, which had excited the astonishment of his friends. He would briefly state the circumstances which led to plachig himself under Mr. Neill's care. He had gone to London iu order. if possible. to- pro- nee of E ;ured by iorities there that h Et short - eatment, than even La he pleasure of seeing I d positi i this I to take into his service persons ...coamity of deafness ? What a bless ing then, was this institution, and how unworthy of Liver pool to allow it to decline ! The CHAIRMAN then put the motion, and it was unani mously carried. The Rev. JONATHAN BROOKS next addressed the meet ing. He said that a conference had taken place between the committees of the Ophthalmic and the Ear Institutions, at which the resolution he had to propose was passed, recom mending the union of'the two charities. The resolution was —" ResolVed,—That the union do take place, and that here after the charity be styled "roe Eye and Ear Infirmary.' " This resolution, he thought, carried within itself its own recommendation ; and it was the unanimous opinion of those gentlemen best able to form a correct judgment—that was, of those who had had the management of each institution — that the union of them would be beneficial to both. Under these circumstances the motion could not require recom mendation from any other quarter. Upon the general prin ciple they must be all agreed, that a multiplication of chari table institutions was an evil instead of a good—that it cre ated a great expenditure of money, which might be applied to more beneficial purposes ; and therefore in this, as in all cases .where it was possible to join two charities together, i , S a manner tie' - nubile, and-b, who labou t would prove beOeticial to th _ saving to the charitable, they could not hesitate to such a resolution R. L. TowN full concurrence with the vi looted. as then ....d it was now his plc ks to Mr. Gladstone for his The TREASURI 1 vote of tha•-' ,sing duty to mo. the chair on this occasion He might mention, as a some. that-Mr. Gladstone's father hac ng.by which the Ophthal• mic Infirmary was established; and it was not a little re• markable that his son should have presided at the junction of it with at - The moti carried' unanimously Ir. GL ADS ' ity of equal utility. by Sir JOIIN SALUSBURY, anC Separated they could scarcely be expected to prospe hilst they were of im - rneose . value to the munity, they would not fail-to receive that support, as a cha rity, for which the -Liverpool were proverbial. Before the meeting was dissolved, he begged to propose, that the best thanks of the meeting should be tendered to Mr. Hugh Neill, for the exertions he had made, and the great in terest he had taken, in these two institutions, which he trusted would still be continued to them ; and especially fin the anxiety he had evinced to have the two institutions united, which had been deemed to be a matter of so much importance.—This was unanimously agreed to. Mr. NEILL having briefly expressed his thanks, the meet . iug separated. THE WELSH BISHOPRICS MEETING OF THE FRIENDS AND NATIVES OF THE MIN CIPALITY Yesterday, at twelve o'clock, a meeting of the friends natives of the Principality, resident in Liverpool, was hel the Clarendon Rooms, for the purpose of forming a pry sional committee, and of taking into consideration priety of ca' ueeting, to memorialize the Quec petition the legislature against the proposed union of tl of St. Asaph and Bangor, which measure is to.l liament during the approaching session. brought before I I that a considerable portion of the ive any thi had refused U. ;CRIDER.—What proporth DAMAN thought about two-third A.suttEit (Mr. Hadwer,) read a statement of his It appeared that the expenditere for the past iad amounted to £735 3s. The annual subscriptions vere . I.:710 175., and the total receipts £764 lls. ed. The Inc to the bank was stated to be . X 3051 13s. 7d. they appear in the advertise- resolut ,sign on each, were then refer our readers to the advertisement for them Mr. C. S. PARKER said, that in accordance with the no tice giyen at the last general meeting of proprietors, and re pentant the circular =cc:ling:the present meeting, he rose to move— " That the garden be entirely closed on Sundays, in ac cordance with the resolutions passed on the 3d of May, 1802, which were unanimously confirmed on the 2d of May, 1808, and which remained in force till the 2d of May, 1814." He regretted that this resolution had not been moved by some proprietor better qualified to support it; but his regret was lessened by the recollection of the able, the high-tohed, and the successful manner in which the principles of the Di vine authority and perpetual obligation of the Sabbath had been maintained, at the three meetings which the proprietors had lately held, for the purpose of deciding the kindred, but nre important question, whether the public should be a& dto the gardens on Sunday. The higher arguments 'lle to both branches of the subject having been so discussed, not only among themselves, uncil and out of doors, he should confine Jbservations on the special question before Ae was happy to be able to state, that in most botanical institutions in the country, the gar s were entirely closed . on Sunday. Amorig others might named the Edinburgh, Oxford, Sheffield, Manchester, And Glasgow gardens, and the gardens now for Ming by the Royal Botanic Institution of London, in the Regent Park. e held xis hand a letter from the curator of the Horti 'turd t. .dens at Chiswick, from which he would read an ie held in He wa " I beg to inform you that no member is admitted to the Horticultural Society's Garden on a Sunday, except by an order from the Council, and I do not recollect of an instance, since the garden was established, of such an order being granted. Sundays, Good Friday, and the three exhibition days, the right of the members is suspended. Kew and Chelsea are both shut on Sunday and Good Friday. The Zoological Garden is open on Sunday to the members who can each take two friends with him ; the consequence is, the garden is choke full on tine days in summer. A member goes out and in as often as he pleases. Every time he goes in he takes two of his friends ; this has become a great nui sance, and they are straining every nerve to do away with it, but cannot accomplish it, as it reduces their income very much, besides keeping men to wait upon the company, at extra pa The Liverpool gardens had also been rigidly closed during their twelve most early and prosperous years, and it was clear this regulation could not have bad its origin (as might be surmised) in any spirit of bigotry or illiberality, for on the list of its founders and promoters they found the respected names of William Roscoe, Dr. Currie, Dr. Shepherd, the Rev. John Yates, Dr. Traill, William Rathboue, Thomas Earle, James Cropper, anda host of others, whom thatmeet lug would acquit of any feeling of bigotry or illiberality. It was proved that the proposition now made was no innova tion, but merely a recurrence to old and sound English prin ciples ,as maintained by other similar institutions, whilst they had been separating from them, and perhaps taking a lesson from their French neighbours. The opening of the gardens on Sundays to the higher classes held out a dangerous example' to the lower, and offeted grounds for a plausible argument in favour of throwing open Co the public riot only the doors of our own, but of other scientific institutions. if the Botanic Garden was open, it would be asked why should the Zoolo gical be closed ? ' If these two places were accessible on Sun- days, why should not the Museums and Picture Galleries, as proposed by Mr. Hume in the House of Commons? and from thence we might be conducted step by step through the lecture room and the concert room, to the balls and theatres, and pyrotechnic displays of a Parisian Sabbath. He thought, therefore, that the only firm and consistent ground from which to resist such innovations was to be found by retracing their steps, mid closing the gardens entirely. He should give only one more reason for closing the gardens upon the Sabbath, and then conclude. According to the existing re gulations, the servants of the institution were compelled to attend the gardens every Sunday throughout the year. He did not think the proprietors were justified in thus depriving their servants of their privilege of hallowing the Sabbath, by the worship of God and the religious instruction of their fa milies, and of that rest and liberty which the Sunday should bring to all, and most of all to the labouring classes. Mr. Parker concluded by moving the resolution. The Rev. Dr. TATTERSHALL esteemed it a privilege to rise and second the motion just proposed by Mr. Parker. He had now been resident in Liverpool a considerable num ber of years, and it had not been a habit of his to take much part in the various discussions which had arisen during his residence; and if he broke through his usual habit on this occasion, it was because he thought the particular subject which now interested that meeting one in which at least he should be forgiven if he expressed the deepest possible con cern. It was the cause of religion. He should ever consider it his duty to do all in his power for the furtherance of that which he held to be for the best interest of religion in Liver- The observance of the Sabbath day was far less than many other matters with which religion was connected a subject matter of speculation ; it was a matter of religious practice—it was a matter of religious obedience. We had the distinct command of Almighty God—our Creator, that the Sabbath should be hallowed by us. The sanctification of the Sabbath was not a matter of arbitrary appointment ; it was not a matter connected merely with the Jewish cere monial ; but it was coeval with the creation and the prin ciple - _ Id design of it were as unchangeable as the character of Almighty God himself. The perpetual obligation of the Lord's Day, or more properly, of the Sabbath, was sufficiently evinced by the circumstance of its not being dependent, in any wise upon the Jewish ceremonial. But in addition to this he would observe. that one of the Lord's prophets had dis tinctly said, and that too in relation to Christian times— " If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath from doing thy pleasure on my holy day, and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the Lord honourable, and, shalt honour it, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words, then shalt thou de light thyself in the Lord." OUr blessed Saviour also himself had told us that he came not to destroy- the law and the prophets, but to fulfil them. •There might, he ad mitted, arise changes in the proper mode of the observance of the Sabbath; there might be, and,lndeed, there must be a difference as to the manner of its observance, arising out of the altered condition in which the Church of God was placed, in consequence of the increasing light of successive revelations. The form of worship, under a former dispensa tion, was not to he continued when we were instructed to adopt a more spiritual mode of worship under the present dispensation. Moreover, with regard to the day which was set apart for this purpose, we had inspired example, ►it least, for the change from the seventh day to that which was HOW observed, namely, the first Clay ; but there were no c hanges which could be considered arbitrary and of our own choice. Where we had tl►e express directions of the word of God, or where they were given under the form of example, then these . persons, of course, could not agree with the mover and seconder. There were others, also, who thought that all days ought to be kept holy—that all were entitled to equal respect. Any innovation upon their privileges in this respect was what no man had a right to make, for they had qs good a right to enjoy their opinions as we had. lie would, further, instance the ease of his own r e li g ion. The followers of it thought they ought to abstain from eating meat on Fridays. This was very well, but if he were to say that the mover and seconder should do likewise, they would laugh at the notion. Now he (Mr. Sheil) held that it was perfectly right to take his children out for a walk after the performance of their religious duties, and he was prepared to show that no one had a right to prevent him. It was 26 years since the gar dens had been opened. It should be recollected that at that period the proprietors purchased the right of walking in them on Sundays. It was therefore a matter of property, and how could they be justly deprived of the right and pri vilege which they had so bought, by the vote of a meeting like this? The proposer of the motion had used an argu ment which he (Mr. Sheil) had often heard, but which was not a very sound one, namely, that if the gardens were opened on the Sunday, the servants employed at them were prevented from attending divine worship. This was made into a very important point, as if it could not be easily ob viated. There were many people, easily to be had, who could relieve the servants whilst they were at their worship : in short, be would ask, what was the practice of gentlemen present with their domestic servants? Was not one at least left at home, whilst the others were at church ? He could not see, therefore, upon what principle the public were to be deprived of the enjoyment of what they conceived to be an innocent privilege. Sir J. WALMSLEY conceived that the gentlemen who had brought forward the motion had taken the only course which they could consistently adopt. Something had been said about the Old Testament, and the command of Almighty God to keep the sabbath day ; but it should be remembered, that in the New Testament something was said about it — namely, that " the sabbath was made for man and not man fur the sabbath." If the question were considered fairly, it would be found not to apply to the wealthy, or to those who had gardens of their own in which they could amuse them selves. It might be very well for those gentlemen to abstain from going into their own gardens on the sabbath, and to de vote it to the observance of their religious duties; but it was for them to consider whether they had a right to deprive the poor of the privilege. They professed to admit the poor two days a week, but that appeared to him to be nonsense. The industrious classes could go there upon no day but Sunday; and he apprehended that if the gentlemen who advocated the motion would go into the loathsome cellars arid garrets of the poverty-stricken poor, who had no place where to amuse themselves, and no time for it but Sunday, and sec them compelled to work hard six days in the week, from morning till evening, for a bare subsistence, they would not refuse to give them some opportunity for recreation even on the Sabbath day. When he said recreation of course he meant innocent recreation. After they had attended on their duties, they should have an opportunity of going to some place for recreation, where the eyes of those in a superior sta tion would meet them ; they would have on opportunity of observing not only the works of nature but of nature's God. If the subject were considered in its proper light, it would be found greatly to the interest of the community to remove the poor from their noxious abodes, and gi re them an opportuuity of spending a few hours on the Sabbath day, under the eyes of those parties who would take an interest in seeing that they conducted themselves properly. He believed it would have a great effect in preventing drunkenness, and be an inducement to good order and morals : he was of opinion it would be an exceeding great advantage to the lower classes if, instead of the gardens being closed, they were opened to them. The CHAIRMAN explained that the question now under discussion was, not the closing of the gardens to .the labouring classes, but to the proprietors. Sir WALMSLEYwas quite aware of that. Mr. Parker in proposing the motion read a letter, in which it was stated that a Botanic Garden was crowded by the public on Sun days. That was the very strongest argument that could be used in favour of opening the Liverpool Gardens. The people could not be made religious by act of parliament. He should vote againat closing the gardens on Sunday, not against closing them to proprietors, but for the opening of them to the poor. Dr. REYNOLDS enquired whether the gardens were now opened the whole of Sunday, or only part of the day ? The CHAIRMAN replied that in the winter they were opened from two o'clock in the afternoon, and in summer from five till dusk. The Rev. J. MARTINEAU and Mr. MOLYNEUX opposed the motion. • Mr. PARKER replied. He admired the discretion of Mr. Sheil in declining an encounter with such an antagonist as the reverend gentleman who had so ably seconded his motion. It was for the meeting to decide whether the argument he had directed against a mere vulnerable opponent was not " Telum imbelle sine ictu." The question before the meeting was not the admission of the poor, but the exclusion of the proprietors. As to the vested rights of the latter, surely the same authority which repealed au original law was competent to re-enact it ; if the majority was good for the one purpose, it was equally so for the other. Mr. W, B. HODGSON next addressed the meeting in oppo sition to the motion. I object, he said, most strongly to this attempt to hound the people into the church.; for 1 believe if you were to darken the whole universe, and have the churches only lighted, you would not get the people to go there. The meeting then divided, and the CHAIRMAN declared the numbers to be— For the motion Against it.. Majority Some surprise having been expressed at the Rev. Rector Brooks having kept his seat, and the CHAIRMAN having stated that he had in consequence counted the rev. gentle man among the minority, Mr. BROOKS rose,'and said this was a question upon which he might not feel himself quite satisfied with giving a silent vote. He had no hesitation in stating that he could sec no possible violation of the Sabbath in the proprietors going on that day to the gardens : he did not' think there was any harm likely to accrue from it either to religion or to morality. He did not wish, however, to enter into the whole argument now ; but he would say that he did not agree with a great portion of the argument used against the closing of the gar dens on the Sabbath. A great portion of it, hs thought, was fallacious. He could draw a wide distinction between open ing the gardens to the public, and allowing the proprietors themselves to see them. If he thought it was in the slight est degree a violation of the Sabbath to allow those gentle men who were proprietors to go there, he should be the last man in the world t o consen t t o i t . B u t h e did no t believe it to be a violation of the Sabbath, and upon that ground he thought they were justified in claiming the right. Major AXFORD thought the proprietors had a right to go to the gardens if they pleased, on the Sabbath ; and upon that principle he had remained neutral. Mr. Wir.LAN said that as at a former meeting the poor had been excluded from the gardens on Sunday, he bad now voted to exclude the rich on that day. The discussion then terminated, and the meeting separated. It is said that - during he'r Majesty's residence at Bucking ham Palace, one hundred and forty hogsheads'of strong beer are monthly forwarded from Church's brewery at Burbage, Wiltshire. •• --------- iweorriosr, tahiriedeocoefascioolnlsaildlyervaebryle . y SuN----For some time past, the spots on SPOTS ON 111 . n ar n e un t lame. - AI • some clusters of some ones. About a week size, besi es a , one disappeared at the west limb, which had been the sun's dii,sreesehnatvethbeeree ob served? during two revolutions of the sun on its axis ; but its size had considerably diminished between its first and second appearance. When first observed, it was of an oval form, and its longest diameter about 27,000 miles ; but, on its se cond appearance, was reduced to 14,000, and had become nearly circular. Two of those at present visible arc about the size of the earth. They may be distinctly seen with an ordinary telescope and dark glass. _ Among the gentlemen present we observed the Rev. Robt Davie's, the Rev. David Roberts, J. B. Clough, Esq., Eli Jones, Esq., David Evans, Esq., Thos. Roberts, Esq., Johi Richards, Esq., John Price, Esq., Hugh Jones, Esq., J Esq., and W. C. Davies, Esq. ,e motion of J. B. Clough, Esq., seconded by Thos , Esq., the Rev. Robert Davies was called to th, The CuAIRAI him to enter i would not be necessary fo respecting the object of thi ninary to a meeting of a mor public character. He then bri ly explained the plan by yhich it is proposed to unite the Bishoprics of St. Asaph and Bangor. It appeared from an order in council, dated Sept. 7, 1838, that when either of the Sees ofSt. Asaph or Bangor shall become vacant, by death ortrmshtion, the Bishop who shall succeed thereto shall take the same as Bishop of St. Asaph and Bangor, and that on the union of the sees taking place, the Collegiate Church of Manchester shall forthwith be constituted a Cathedral Church, and the seat of a Bishop, within the province of York. The whole county of Lancas ter, excepting the deanery of Fumes, is to be detached from the diocese of Chester, and to be made and constituted the Diocese of the Bishop of Manchester. This new bishopric is to be endowed with an average annual income of £4500. by the transferof tithes, lands, or hereditaments, in part from the sees of St. Asaph and Bangor. The latter part of the plan is that which was so objectionable to the friends of the Principality. The legislature seemed to have left the question undecided, in order that an 'opportunity might be afforded for the ex pression of .public opinion on the subject on the part of the inhabitants of the Welsfr dioceses. The chairman then pro ceeded to animadvert upon that part of the proposed scheme which related to the abstraction of the aevenues of the Welsh bishoprics. for the purpose of endowing the Bishopric of Manchester. He said that it would be very unfair to alien ate any portion - of the funds of the dioceses of St. Asaph and nenta- Bangor, until ample provision was made for the at Lion of poor livings in North Wales. (Hear, ht DAVID EVANS, Esti: in moving the first resolution that he did so because die proposed scheme withdraw a country already poor the advaut lerivable from a resi- IN income within his dent bishop. expendin and because it was unfair, supposing the juncture of the two bishoprics to take place, to apply any surplus revenue in en riching another see, while so many livings in the principality remain without any adequate incomes. He concluded by moving the following resolution : " That this meeting views with considerable apprehension the contemplated plan, which is about to be brought before Parliament during the approaching session, of uniting the dioceses of St. Asaph and Bangor, and of abstracting from the income of their sinecures revenues to be applied else where, while so many livings in those dioceseS remain inade quately endowed." J. B. CLouGm, Esq., seconded the resolution, which was carrie&unanimously. • ELIA JONES, Esq., then rose to move the followhig reso- " That immediate steps be taken in order to call a public meeting, for the purpose of memorialising the Queen and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and of petitioning the Houses of Lords and Commons against the intended mea sure." THOMAS ROBERTS, Esq., seconded the resolution, which was carried unanimously. • THOMAS ROBERTS, Esq., then moved the following reso- lution : " That a provisional committee be formed to carry the above resolution into effect, to consist of the following gen tlemen, with power to add to their numbers—Rev. R. Davies, Rev. D. James, Rev. D. Roberts, J. B. Clough, Esq., It. Griffith, Esq., D. Evans, Esq., E. Jones, Esq., 0. Williams, Esq., J. Richards, Esq., Sir J. Sainsbury, Robert Wynne, Esq., Thomas Simon, Esq., Thomas Roberts, Esq., Thomas Barber, Esq., and John Rigby, Esq. ; and a sub-committee, to whose immediate care the arrangements for summoning the public meeting are to be entrusted." JOHN PRICE, Esq., seconded the resolution, which was carried unanimously. A. sub-committee was thc,ii formed, for the purpose of con certing measures for a public meeting. It was then -moved and seconded that a subscription be entered into, to defray the expenses of printing, &c., and that J. li. Clough, Esq., be requested to act as treasurer, and W. E. Davies, Esq., as secretary. . A.vote of thanks to the chairman was then moved by EL LIS JONES, Esq., seconded . by THOMAS ROBERTS, Esq., after which the meeting separated. A curious circumstance occurred at Lewes Sessions last week. The grand jury had ignored the bills preferred against two prisoners, which being by some means overlooked, the men were placed at the bar, Where they pleaded guilty. The chairman was just on the point of passing sentence on them, when the error was discovered, and they were dis charged.—Brighton Guardian. BRANDY AND SALT.—The Conde Aimanack gives the fol lowing as a testimonial of efficacy by one of the grateful pa tients of that extraordinary and universal physician:—" sur —i Take the libberty of addressing yew about the brandy & sawlt. i was aflicted with dreadfull lownes of sperits and rewmatism wich having freely aplide the ahoy has boath Dis apeard. sir my way of Aplying is the sawlt outside wonst a day & the brandy in twice evvery our. its of ea is sunitims really Astonishin. my wife also taks the abuv Meddisin in her tea, and finds grate bennefits.—surr yewr Most obediant TUMMAS SPOONEY.—P.S. sir a neyber of min Tride the abuv on his wife bean bad skalded killing a pig but Unlukky forgot to put in the sawlt. owevver it was awl Verry well for the brandy alonan Cured his wife and now hes got the Sawlt to Cure his bakun." THE QUEEN'S CHEESE IN CHANCERY.—This leviathan of a cheese, weighing upwards of 10 cwt., and which has al ready arrived in London, and was to have been placed on the royal table at the christening of the Princess Royal, has, by an unforeseen event, unluckily " go t i n t o Ch anc ery." A split in the camp having occurred among the proprietors of the cheese, a part of them had a model made of it, and sent to London for the purpose of exhibition. Some other proprie tors, finding what had occurred, immediately had the original transported thither. The model, which had been placed in the - Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, for the purpose of exhibitionz was ejected therefrom vi et aimis by the other parties, and the original placed there in its stead. In consequence, au injunction was applied for to the Court of Chancery, to re strain the parties from exhibiting the original, which was granted. The probable consequence, therefore, is, that the royal christening is likely, through this unlucky mishap, to be minus of the leviathan cheese.—Since the above was writ ten, the Lord Chancellor has dissolved the injunction, with costs. THE IRISH WITNESS AND HIS OATH. 7 -Does not an Irish witness, who meditates telling wile, think that he h as laid no perjury upon his soul, if he succeeds in eluding the vigilance of the crier, in kissing not the cross, but his thumb? The words of the Lord himself are beneath the cross which is to be kissed, and in these words lying and perjury are strictly denounced, but the popish swearer cares not for that. God himself, present in spirit, is there to witness the false inten tions of the man, but he cares not for that. He thinks no thing, he knows nothing of type or sy mbol ; h e wou ld not understand the meaning of the words if he hea r d th em, an d his conscience is to be bound only by his own god ; n o sha dow, but direct substance staying him in the face. Swear him not by that cruciform deity, and lie swears not at all.— Praser's Magazine. taking ; tam rric had av .t the It there;► )ICAL REFORM iced during .the approaching Oi the purpose of ametCding the pre- applied to the profession of Amongst the enactments contemplated, is one to provide that the practice of an- apothecary shall be separated from that of a druggist; and that the latter, before being licensed edicines, shall undergo a suitable examination, knowledge of the me- In addition to this proper precaution, the practice, too common amongst drug- gistS, of prescribing medicines, is to be rendered punishable by a fine for each offence, to be levied on information before S tmgistrate That such a measure is Loudly called for, not only in jus tice to the profession, but es a protection to the public, will scarcely now be denied. Within about six weeks no less than three cases 'of deaths, produced by the ignorance and pre- —one of which appears bject of judicial I alone ; and if we could form any stances occurring daily 'throughout the country, in which constitutions are undermined, and ul timate death hastened, by this pernicious and dangerous practice, the record would, we firmly believe, be absolutely —have formed the ust come before the public —are drugged to ministered by unfeel- iii; parents, anti prescribed by shopboys, would furnish suffi- cieutly a long catalogue of suffering and mortality, without adding to it the number of adults who are constantly falling victims—" by misadventure," as the inquests have it—or are passing through the various stages of growing imbecility to a premature dotage, produced by the habitual resort to ano dynes, for the purpose of assuaging, temporarily, diseases, which a skilful practitioner could perhaps effectually come at. To put a stop to this growing source of bodily suffering and death; it is full time, we think, that the public voice should be raised to assist the efforts about to b 3 made by the medical professitsn. Let Petitions- froth a few of the great towns throughout the kingdom be prepared—and petitions have been got up for less important objects- 7 -kt the extent of the evil be laid fairly before parliament and the public ; and we do think that the prayer of those petitions would be favourably received. In the meantime, we may suggest• to the members of:the profession in Liverpool the duty which they owe to themselves and the community to speak out upon this subject. We are confidently. assured that the London Medical Reform Society (we dislike the word, which is po- litically -associated in our minds with much quackery and rnposture—but let that pass) expect their co-operation. A communication with that society, which embraces the names of some very eminent men, should be immediately opened, in order that the measure to be brought before parliament should not only be as.perfect as possible, but that it should be backed with all the influence which can be brought to bear Much misapprehension appears to exist as to the specific objects of the measure which it is proposed to bring before parliament. There seems to be a prevailing opinion, that it is the. wish of the medical' society to invade the rights, and infringe upon the pecuniary emoluments of the chemist. neudments as they the public, we may probably hereafter show, that they hill tend ma y to advance the interests of every respectable druggist.• Whatever may be the opinion on this point, no doubt can exist in the mind of any reasonable man, that the evil complained of is a growing one, and some effectual remedy is immediately and imperatively demanded. LIVERPOOL BOTANIC GARDENS. The annual meeting of the proprietors of, and subscribers to, the Botanic Gardens, was held yegterday in the Claren don Rooms, South John-street. - There was not a very nu merous attendance. Dr. FRECKLETON, vice-chairman of the committee, presided. The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, expressed the regret which he felt at the unavoidable absence of Mr. Charles Horsfall, president of the institution, whose previ ous engagements prevented his attendance. He would not rouble the meeting with any reatarks of his own, but at ice call upon the secretary to read the very able report 1 by Dr. Dickinson. hat sum had been raised by the pplication to the proprietor SUBSCRIBER next asked whether the call to them had he thought we had a right to make wiriations, but no further, and the commandment, as to the substance of it, of setting apart one day out of the seven for the especial wor ship of God, for the furtherance of our own improvement and advancement in virtue, and for preparation for another and a better world, admitted no alteration—the separation, he said, of one day out of the seven for the advancement of the cause of religion, appeared to be the substance of God's command ment, and that which it was our duty in this age, and the duty of all in every age to fulfil. He could imagine a question to be proposed in this form—" Where can be the harm of taking a walk in the Botanic Garden on Sunday, and admiring works of nature, or, more properly, the works of the God of nature, any more than there is in a gentleman walking in his own garden; for surely you would not deny him the right of so doing?" In reply to this inquiry, he should say, if the contemplation of the works of nature was designed as a reli gions exerc se—if the special object and purpose in view was that of promoting our own personal growth in the knowledge and in the grace of God—he would not say there was any harm in viewing the works of nature. He would not say, moreover, if friends were walking together in the garden, and conversing npon those things which belonged to their eternal peace—which belonged to the advancement of religion and virtue in society—or which related to the' advancement of Christian benevolence and charity—he would not say, he said, that there could be, in such a case, any breach of the Lord's Day. But he felt satisfied that any who should advocate the desirableness of keeping open the Botanic Gardens, or any other gardens, to the proprietors, on the Lord's Day, would not take that ground ; he was satisfied that he spoke to a number of gentlemen, every one of whom were above all such subterfage and evasion as to put forth any such idea as that. It the Botanic Gardens were to be opened at all, the opening of them would be advocated upon the principle that it was sec scary for the recreation of the people, and that their benefit would be secured by so doing. It was in that point of view that he thought it his duty to say it was converting the Lord's Day into a purpose for which the Sabbatb was not intended. With respect to the case of a gentleman walking in his own garden, he must be permitted to say that if he went there for the pur pose of secular recreation, that he believed to be con trary to the will of God, and he denied its lawful ness. But in private matters we could not legislate for that which came within men's own domestic circles, with out violating those conventions by which human society was kept together. We must leave such matters to every man's own conscience. It was a matter between himself and God, to whom one day he would have to account for the use he had made of the Sabbath. But where a public institution like this was held in common by a number of individuals, every one entered it by a convention with those to whom with himself it belonged ; and he conceived, therefore, that who ever for the purpose of recreation entered the Botanic Gar dens on the Lord's Day, did so by the, connivance of all those who did not, by one form or another, express their disapprobation of so doing. He felt it to be his duty, therefore, to express his disapprobation of it, in the hope that it might not be without some effect upon the minds of candid hearers, and who, he trusted, would give him credit for doing what he believed to be his - duty. We knew very well, though such was not the case with all the „e . enttlemen whom he was addressing, that he was speaking to some members of the church to which he be longed. Those gents would permit bins to put them in re membrance that they were met there on the day following the Lord's Day, and that they at least acknowledged that the Sabbath was of perpetual obligation. No longer ago than yesterday, when they heard the Word of God read, they asked of God to pardon their past neglect, and to give them grace to keep His commandments in time to come; when the commandments were read, they united in the prayer " Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts to keep this law." He begged leave to second this resolution. Mr. SIIIEL said it appearad to him that a very extraor dinary course of proceeding was being taken if the parties were anxious to increase the funds of the institution and to interest all classes of the community in its success. He should not attempt to make any observations in reply to the remarks of the reverend gentleman who had seconded the resolution.. His (Dr. Tattershall's) arguments had been such that a layman might just as well leave them alone; but he (Mr. Shiel) should not at all shrink from replying to the re marks of the mover, because, layma❑ to layman, they were on equal terms. It was said they were anxious to interest all classes of the community in the success of the institution and to increase its revenue. Now, it was very well known to every man there, that there were very great differences with regard to the mode of observing the Sabbath. Some of the population of Liverpool held that the day now kept for the Sabbath was not the day ordered by God, but that the last day in the week ought to be kept; these persons, of course, could not respect that which they did not believe to be correct. Others again believed, that, after the perfor mance of their religious duties on the Sabbath they might pass the remainder of the day in recreation without offence; I be. that as I