The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-08-27 00:00:00

August, 27,1814. THE NEW WOODSIDE-FERRY STEAM-BOA:TS. IMPORTANT APPLICATION OF TWO RUDDERS. We have for some time noticed, and (in common with loosened to act as a rudder, or firmly e fixed (when that all w principl e the t'73 o have recent l y crosse d our river) much admired, end becomes the bow) by means of a dr o pp in g bolt, so as new iron ste am - ve s s el s , on a novel and improved to complete and make good, even to a nicety of join t, the of steering for intricate navigation, invented and thin after portion of the cutwater. The great advanta g e built by bY Mr. John Laird, of Birkenhead, and now plying over all previous plans of two rudders, and we believe ~.`h‘ Passengers between Liverpool and Woodside—our only one or two single boats have been built with two a "t frequented ferry on the Cheshire shore. Vessels rudders (in which each rudder was left naked and unpro tizieng two rudders—to be used as occasion required— tected), is that the outer edge of each bow-formed extra have s uccess, — n o before been occasionally tried, but with indifferent mite, or cutwater, is of standard iron, sufficiently strong —no previous plan of which we are aware, having to avert the cansequence to the rudder, of the cable getting _ practically developed, affording sufficient protection athwart hause, of a bump, cr running foul of any floating n d Steadiness against even slight collision with a sea- object, a pier or the like—which was generally fatal to ir te Y e or a floating object, to the rudder which, for the the rudder in the former plans,—and at the same time ca ,,j,eing. became the crdwater—the other acting in its not so thick as to act to any conceivable extent as 0 .. - -ILY as a helm. Mr. Laird appears to have entirely a stop-water when that end becomes the stern, and it , pe '` e re,orne the difficulty tbaL presented itself in this re- stands abaft the rudder like a stancheon or outer stern row " so that the great desideratum in navigating nar- post. In the old plans the rudder, which became the cut. the or confused channels—the immediate reversion of water, was liable to be carried away on a slight concussion i n ,vessel either end foremost, without backing, round- w ith any object, or even by the se a through which it was v u e g_ or loss of time—is effectually achieved. The forced. In the present plan the outer-standing part of 4, gels to which we allude, the " Queen" and the the cut-water evidently not only protects it from the first rince," are each about 110 feet in length, 22 feet in of these casualties, but ploughs a way for it, so that it is o a h nl o. vvithin the paddle-boxes, and have each engines of less liable to be thrust from side to side, or carriea away pl c ; _ises-Power, with oscillating cylinders. The princi- in s a sea-way, a danger which is, of course, increased by ra30 44 however, applicable to vessels of any size or any the velocity of the ship. Mr. Laird, therefore, very ap of leam propulsion, and even, we presume, to sail- propriately denominates this main feature of his invention hand some for peculiar purposes. These two vesse l s area (for which he has taken out a patent) " a guard." In It7_,d, some model, s it on th e wa ter OD an even keel; each order to be better understood, we supply the following au sharp when they are s t a ti onar y re p resen ts a fine bow with diagrams, shewing the construction and working of the rrojecting cutwater—a portion of which, within two rudders : c outer edge is a moveable door that may be instantly PLAN I. This skews the bolt dropped into the rudder, when it is This skews the bolt drawn up, and the rudder in use intended to act as the cutwater and bow of the vessel. for steering the vessel. PLAN 11. Pl 1 L represents the side view of the extremiti e s o f b lin iron according iron steam-boat having two rudders, each protected toguard (a b). The two rudders may b e hun g any convenient arrangement , and have tillers onv steeling apparatus to give motion thereto,—the th et 'tiun not depending on the torm of rudders use , or e 'tanner of hanging or working them ; this part of the tulention being fora pplying gulrds (a b) to steam or .Vtler vessels which have two rudders, one at each end. 13 Y the :ndstfaitauetimneans vessels may conveniently be propel! d to g ua rd (a or I)) being forward, and, for the time being, g the cutwater of the vessel, the rudder at the , off or ' O r b) being then retained fast, and the guard will at dProtection to the rudder. c c are two rudders, one each and "Id of the steam-boat, or, it may be, of other Ar i d d d are axes to which the rudders are affixed, rod,re axes turn in suitable bearings at ef. When the And , er (a or b) is for the time being the stem rudder, th en 14 ,th its guard, acting as the cutwater of the vessel, top°lt (9), or other convenient means, is employed : r e it in its firm position fore and aft. ste r n IL represeets deck views of the forecastle, or ste er : as it may be, of the vessel, showing the usual i s te rig tackle and steering wheels, one at each end. b ft7erudder guard, and c the rudder when hard over. etle a ll Ara g re advantage at of this principle of steering is daily • • N otal p vinced by the new Woodside boats under re -0„ having to " back out "—especially from the ;ter, t'lrthe Cheshire side, where the stream is frequently „Te.roaa a g—a saving is effected of six or seven minute, Wing Fg.. with a strong flood tide to Liverpool. By this ' e two h o ' ia le--which is most acceptable to passengers— Pro v i d _ats e o t Os soon as better landing accommodation 'quart er of . al Liverpool) will start from either side every s a " , aur, in place of every half-hour as at pre h""nron r t L„ . , a4 eomplishing double the work of boats of rust no -- ",vruction at the same expense; for the steam 4;lethowf iltib-ceul was hands °e kept up all day, and the same number of f c : ta ntlY on board. In proof of the facility t ither endh these vessels may be reversed in motion (with most), we may state that inexperiment, while Mpg up the river, against a strong tide, the engine was stopped, and the bow-bolt drawn up, and the ve,sel, without turning, put in rapid motion down the river in fifty seconds. On another occasion, when going down with a strong stream, the same reversing operation being resorted to, she was making good way in the other direction against the opposing tide—which it of course re quired great power in the first instance to stem—in one minute and a quarter. Ordinary vessels would have had to make a long sweep round in either case, and would probably have required eight or ten minutes to accomplish the same object. The employment of these rudders would, doubtless be of very great advantage in steam-ships of war, or explor ing vessels, particularly yun-boats and tug vessels, as by means of them they might run up narrow creeks or in lets, in which they had not room to turn or wear round, for purposes either offensive to an enemy or promotive of commerce. In accidentally taking the ground, too, they might the more readily steam off, as well as more safely thread their way in shallow and narrow waters. The new Woodside boats arc, we may add, very fast, (ten knots en hour) and little or no difference is percep tible in their speed, whichever end goes foremost. They are extremely roomy and convenient on deck, and have a large commodious cabin at each end. There is nothing aristocratic about them, for there is a quarter-deck at both termini, and no distinction of passengers except what they themselves choose to make. The engines, by George Forrester and Co., are beautiful pieces of me. chanisin, the sight of which is itself a treat ; and their whole equipment is highly creditable to the constructors and to the commissioners of Biikerrhead, who have sup plied them for the improved accommodation of the public. In the event of war, vessels fitted in this manner as gun-boats, would be invaluable in protecting our coast, all up the English channel, and in annoying our oppo nents; for vessels similar to the Woodside boats de scribed, could be constructed to carry two long sixty eight pounders, and would therefore be most powerful engines of deitruc•ion. We shall probably hereafter give a more full description of the plan as applicable to ships of war. ORTI CULTURAL EXHIBITION AT THE BOTANIC GARDEN. . T. Foster, 1 , sr: i d ; e . prising the beholders as if some necromancy was at work. tll, Mr. Stubb's occasionally touched the musical bells with great effect, and also played a pleasing French instru ment, little, if at all, known in this country. The following is a LIST OF THE PRIZES. (To aroid the useless repetition of " Best" Second Best/ we put 1 and 2 immediately after the name of the party.) PLANTS Aso FLOW:. RS. CAPE LIEATHS, eight . kinds. —Messrs. Davies, of Wavertree Nur sery,s; 3s,t eighter.. S' ninel u vis varietiesnvge,c i l —e ‘ s a i‘— l i t e o Ns n is ri Nursery, . ss Fairfield Nursery, 1; Messrs. Cunningham, Oakvale Nursery, 2. FuscnA l Mr. Skirving 3. 1 " and Est; gardener. LOBELIAS, Reid ; C. Horsfall, Esq.. 2, gardener. T. Lees. STOVE PLANTS, SIX, exclusive of Orchidacite.—Messrs. Day' co., 1 ; Messrs. Cunningham and Co. 2; GREENHOUSE PLANTS, four.—C. HorLll, ter, 2; William Blain, Esq., 3- SINGLE ORNAMENTAL SPECIMEN.—Mr. Skirv* 1 Mr Skll'- Extlsingle specimen, C. Ilorsfall, Esq_ ' ; 11. • '°il r T' e gj e c. specimens, ter, gardener, P. Norbury,2. Esq., M anches- BASK ET CI , PLANTS.—W. Blain, Esq., 1 • DAnr.iAs, twelve varieties.—H. , Mrs. T. Foste 2. gar dener; W. Preston, Esq., 2 J Esq. ' 1 ' P' ]ter,ny ohn Morris, gardener. FRUIT, The thi r d and last exhibition of plants, flowers and fruits, took place at the Botanic-garden, on Friday last, and was the finest we have yet had the pleasure to recot d. The company was very numerous, comprising the elite of the town and neighbourhood, and the tents, the conserva tory, and the delightful promenades in the grounds, were thronged, throughout the afternoon, by continued streams of fashionable parties, including a large proportion of ele gantly arrayed ladies, who looked most bewitching, —all taking a lively interest in the now undoubted progress of the institution. The fruits exhibited, though the period of the year was favorable for their plentiful production, exceeded expec tation, both as to quantity acrd quality.tose shTowhen grapes,ltl white and black, and particularly e Earl of Derby and Mr. Sinclair, were very largeyanu luscious, some of them three inches we observed The large some p figs, and apricots were also fine ; and sent by Sir W. M. Stanley, three inches . t and a half long, Amongst some and two inches and a half in diameter. Silenttx pines was a well grown . e bl e o r o . d" pine, sent by 4 -Leigh, Esq., a variety of this deliciousfruit in wh t i b c i h s has rarely, if ever, been brought to perfection fountry. This fine sample, from which may be dated an achievement" in the horticultural world, measuce I lf in :pbes in length, and about five inches and a ia alarneter—of a longish form and most tempting blood-red tr eata nce• Great praise is due to Mr. Fraser, gardener . eelb,„ l4l l,, L eigh, for this production.. Lord Derby's mis ivir-7. eus collection of fruits, and, also those of Mr. equat fin Otterspool, and Sir W. M. Stanley, were all the i,Ve. In this department of the show, indeed, i4 a. Zes must have been somewhat puzzled how to de- T he 40 close was the competition. A St a °rebid plants on the whole very superior. b o y f ImilyttPeelay e e in ° e u e s uit aa b e w a e u r t e iful aromatic and rare species 1..i1i r• 11°r srall ° lie ! admiration . , as _ _ did the tr d ' d from the Japan Islands, and sent c ut : l :p Sp ecioso , excited much s Ni csrs o picuouslv beautiful. , e, et Lotngbain e xlitt a e l r a c be n autiful Aclemines 9randiflora . ngal a bown h„ ~.". An 0 It a , -, zi. li net ni finest we have yet seen. 1 " of ye r• orsfall, was the 'cl . m Lanceanum — a single plant, t ewer th an e it'Y large size, finely grown, hile some others tu a i that o ne. . e r v ,_en specks of flower,s and bearing no Erie liberal encourager v„,l7.ll_tor, a and a of horticulture, i.i.tell Ole nd t e gentlem r an, v,l;o l' is a praiseworthy epcoorage ". sto ve ~,, o this institution, sent a number of other . ' 1 110 11 , 14, r ants'a & C., which we have not room to specify Skirvn.-g admirable Pancratium Speciosum. Mr.. azoti . was agai t a ti ll e Pa b e B 4. B ‘e iti i li The n very successful in various beautiful Ericas, or heath plants, were altogether Ital "it'eri `e and variet of bloom. We observed one, f hi b al la a • }I t ich IA 4 (se t magnificent heath about four feet and o a f fin .°l 3 l. 1 ., by Mr. I Hadwin,) with abundance or a k -e i"..apti o b ia u s It , ev. J. Mainwaring, of Brombro' sent forined' la ppe a l) , e nden.s, like a prickly flowering pla . nt Peared a great ' l nce to the cactus. The Fufscluas • uMired ..._, Pre.e,,hl attraction, and Mr. Whalley again an te"? Pla iita. ent i v ," 4 cultivator of this tribe of justly ce andr select aurt„-4r; Cunningham alsn shewed some it r -ells ' al • We - 1 1 l Dahlias Mr. H. Moss was most 0 a .24ekv, mr....irvieerssaw a finer display of these superb tel'h b askets Atr t b„ t I obtained an extra prize. oth er uled b y k r A ants were excellent, particularly that Grawrareties on st • Blain, in which there were, am g t all "'nsa.-- ' l'iree distinct varieties of the Cattleya i ti _ find __ .Parasitea, or rather epathites—brought into 78. p„Lurious flaw the time in England. d skroter, of w er for first th e d It bY a It . oolton-hill, again exhibited great taste b , evi iscellaneous collection of plants. Amongst flower- Mr, 0, „were a aoke .kiiioelE r garden with hot-houses &c., I t _ , a rid ,a oreman stand Messrs. Whalley ; a hand- Z7klci ft , , well. rranged of cut flowers, by Mr. '. l :ise. -1 um, but we have not room further to particu _v alp o neli ' .tnbb , a Al tlited th Harmonic. Band was on the ground,. and e ay ed _,, e ear with a variety of favorite airs and pieces, nitaee'W_ much taste and precision —keeping in coun eYe, t i, Lue fountain, which also " played," to please the 141 hie centre jet keeping in "play" a light ball, re- o. e ari apple. vi. hi " L alned it . ch rose fell in mid-air amid , s equilibrium by theand hydraulic action, , stir- 1 6 RAPES, varieties.— A. Sinclair,EW, Wavertree, 1, John R o bi nson , gardener; John Moss, Esq., 2, Noah James, gardener. PINES.-J. S. Leigh, Esq., 1, James Fisiser, gardener, (f or th e Blood Pine) ; the arl of Derby, 2, J. Jennings, gardener. MELoNs.—Mrs. T. Foster, l ; H. Winch, Esq., 2, J. Young, gar. dener. PEACIIES.—Sir W. M. Stanley, Bart , Hooton, 1, J. Drewett, gar dener; H. H. Birley, Esq., 2. NECTARINES.—H. H. Birley, Esq., 1 ; Rev. J. Mainwaring, Brom bro' Hall, 2, T. Stanton, gardener. BASKETS or• FRUIT.—The Earl of Derby, 1; E. D. Falkner, Esq., 2, J. Smith, gardener; A. Sinclair, Esq., 3. All these were very fine. COLLECTION OF FRUIT.—A. Sinclair, Esq., 1. EXTRA PRIZES. FOSCIIIAS—Mr. Skirviug. Oitenin4cmg—Jchn Moss, Esq. BAs- KET OF PLANTS—C. Horsfull, Esq., 1; 1. Iladwen, Esq., 2; Rev. J. Muinwaring, 3. DAnmes, eighteen—Mr. E. Davies, Wavertree. RAPE s-11. Winch, Esq. MELONS—T. Kcightley, Esq., J. 'Thompson, gardener. PINE—Rev. J. Muinwaring. BENAISE MELON—Sir W. M. Stanley. FIGS—Sir W. M. stall ley. CUT FLowEns—R. M. Beckwith, Esq., 1 ; Mr, P. Harri son, 2.. AN EXECUTION IN SAVOY. — An execution took place recently at Thonon, a small town of Savoy, situate on the banks of the River Rhone. No public execution had ever been witnessed in this little town within the memory of man, and consequently it would be difficult to describe the horror which the preparations for punishment excited amongst the inhabitants at large. Nobody would supply the executioner with the necessary articles. The various marchands positively refused to furnish this unfortunate Jack Ketch with the wood, the iron , and the co rds which he wanted, in order to erect the gibbet. They only yielded at length to the stern demands of the law; and even then they refused to take the price of the things, by making the authorities a present of the necessary instruments and apparatus. A woman, who kept a grocer's shop, being required to supply a certain length of rope, shut her eyes, and cried out—" Take what you want, but do not bring anything back, or pay any money." All the journeymen carpenters had refused to labour in the erection of the gibbet, and when compelled to lend their tools by the legal authorities, they gave up all their hatchets and saws, in order that they might not in future be able to distin guish those which had been in the hand of the executioner. The ladder and the gibbet were constructed by the execu tioner himself and his assistant. The condemned crimi nal luckily desired to walk to the scene of his punishment, as the owner of the cart, which would have otherwise been enlisted in the service, would assuredly have killed his horse and burnt the vehicle after the execution had taken place. The culprit was condemned to death for the murder of a child nine years of age, after having mu tilated it in a grievous manner. A report even vi,eht abroad, that, being a professor of the " black art," he was in want of a child's heart for his magical purpose., and that he had consequently conitnitied the murder in ; order to tear the heart out of the infant's body. Ttie ; details of the execution are nut given. The criminal was put to death by suspension.—Ti;nes. ,ci I ----- 6 • \ i ; II K........: \,..........., e 'd , , z 1 0 ed , o -- I' 2 . a _0 2 1 1 ' ! I A \k \ 4 4, °=- - O=llllllllP- a -,-: ____ / bc 0 z ??. -45 1 I ) cl fR . e c ) 6 Vi aq c t r o t . t ra. / tv )) 17' I n I TH E LIV E .POOL STAN DAR D. THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH NAVIES. There appears to be no end to the vain-glorious boast ng of the war party of France, who, forgetful of Trafal gar and the Nile, continue, through their organs of the press, incessantly to fan the flame of that furor pupnandi recently resuscitated by the young Bombastes Furioso of the " grande nation"—the Prince de Joinville—from the still warm embers of repeated defeat at sea and on shore, which she sustained at our hands during the last war, and i❑ the full conflagration of which (should it unhappily for themselves attain such a height) they hope to beard and overpower the naval armaments of England, against which their Bobadil propensities are mainly directed. One journal, more foolish and adventurous than the rest, goes even to the length of indulging in an aspiration that if France only gets up her steam, Great Britain will be " reduced to a mere third-rate naval power." We can afford to laugh in our sleeves at such puerile rho d montade„ well knowing that this new warlike hobby horse of our volatile neighbours would, in the event of actual warfare, speedily be resolved into vapour. But, inasmuch as it evinces the amount of hostile and jealous animus entertained towards us, it behoves us to prepare ourselves for the threatened attack, at the least possible expenditure. In other words, we must not permit the French to go on increasing their steam navy ad libitum, until they compel us to provide and preserve, in time of peace, the adequate materiel wherewith successfully to cope with it. If they will listen to no remonstrance on their recent pranks in Tahiti and elsewhere, and if it ap pear that, with all their cabinet professions of amity and concord, their real " voice is still for war," we must at once buckle on the armour of resistance, and crush the hydra ere it reach a more dangerous maturity. We would fain, in the general cause of humanity, maintain peaceful relations, consistently with the honour and safety of the country ; but there is a point beyond which it were at once dastardly and impolitic to stretch our forbear ance; and we think we can point out a plan—if we be driven to the alternative—by which France may be taught, without any great or enduring expenditure on our part, that she labours under a great mistake—to say the least of it—as to the respecti'e maritime position and re sources of the two countries ; and th-t she would evince that "discretion" which is " the better part of valour" if she withdrew from her counsels the tyro of Tangier— their embryo " Nelson "—and ceased to provoke the couchant Lion of England to a rampant and offensive attitude. It would be in vain for us, within our narrow limits, to attempt even a synopsis of the numerous goose-quill achievements that for the last few weeks have developed themselves in: the Paris newspapers. From the mass we need but select one, and that of the most moderate cast, as affording (bating other extravagancies) a pretty fair estimate of the whole delusion. The article we allude to appeared in La Presse last week, and the writer endea vours to prove that in the quality of its ships, seamen, marines, and officers, the French navy is infinitely supe rior to that of England ! He states that France is "solid in credit"; has abundance of money, metal, and coal; skilful engineers, and all that is necessary to bring these into operation; that she might create a steam navy that " would sustain an honourable comparison, and in case of need a contest, with that of England." The latter power, he continues, possesses a steam force of but 15,000 horse power, while France would, if she carried out the ordinance of 1842, reckon 18,000 horse power. Then they have mariners enow, for " a steam-ship re quires only a limited number of seamen," and their " maritime population will be sufficient for every contin gency." He admits that it were as vain for France to endeavour to cope with our sailing navy, as it was in the frog to blow himself out to the dimensions of the ox ; and concludes by a further invidious admission, that we have " a numerous maritime population," and that the physical resources of our soil, and the genius of our peo ple, have become so developed in maritime, manufactu ring, and commercial pursuits, that we " succeed in crushing all competition and in engrossing all markets," and this because we possess combustibles and metal, the two principal ingredients." The writer of this notable article appears to us to be most inconsistent in his argument. He starts by assu ming that France is the richer country of the two, in money, metal, and fuel ; though he must well know that capital is so abundant in England, that money is abso lutely going a-begging—that we have quite as much " metal " (of both kinds) as we can work up or desire— and that our coal. fields are inexhaustible. Yet he grants us a more numerous maritime population, an invulnerable ascendancy in sailing ships, and the priority in all mar kets! Whence are these our advantages, but from capi tal, material, and enterprise? And how can be make it out that we cannot build steamer for steamer with him, or, if need be, two for his one ? No ! we shall not build many additional war-steamers, to increase our national burdens, nor, if we augur right of our rulers, will we permit him to carry out his scheme of " multiplying his steam navy." We have a vast steam fleet at our command at any moment, of which he has taken no account. He calculates our Admiralty steam ships only, and them under the mark:; he has totally overlooked our prodigious mercantile steam-marine, nearly the whole of which could, on a few days' notice, be con verted into vessels of war, by charter of our government, who will assuredly employ them should the necessity arise. Since the Ist of April, 1839, our steam navy alone has, in addition to previous vessels, been increased by forty-eight vessels, of a burthen of 43,473 tons, and nearly 16,000 horse-power; and we have others in preparation, both of wood and iron, including, amongst the latter, a splendid first-class frigate, now being constricted on the opposite side of our river, and others of from 420 to 650 horse power, at Pembroke, Devonport, &c., making probably, in ail, upwards of 20,000 horses power in the "navy" alone. But this is as nothing compared with the additional steam fleet that might be despatched from our several large ports—all substantial sea-going vessels, suitable for war fare as frigates, sloops, or (the smaller of them) as gun beats. The following is a LIST OF STEAM VESSELS REPORTED AT LI SINCE IST JANUARY, 1844 Vessels' Names. Port belonging to, Horse Power. To these add, say 12 West India Mail Steam Ships (averagug) .. 1000 „ 12,000 The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company's Vessels Lady Mary Wood, Great Liverpool, Bentinck, Oriental, Hindostan, and Precur sor (six), averaging ~ 6,000 The North American Mail Steam Ships (six), a, er aging „ 6,000 The Royal Mail Steamers Medusa, &c say four, 700 2,800 167,400 The present Steam " Navy," built and being built, say 20,000 127, 4 °° Allowing for other steamers now being built, and - not above enumerated, we should say that, at a moderate calculation, we could turn out a steam fleet of neatly 150,000 tons burthen ; and if even one-half of these were put in commission, how would the Prince de Joinville be astonished ! Why, to use the emphatic words of a nautical and intelligent friend, we could so infest the coast of France that " no native would dare even to bathe in the waters that wash it" ! 'the truth is, the French are a very lively and clever but restless people. With a strong penchant for the field, no matter in what cause, they hale evinced themselves good soldiers. We should but rob our own brows of their well earned laurels did we deny this fact. They seem to be strongly inclined to have a brush with us, or anybody else, as if their martial prowess were doubted, and it was ne cessary, every now-and-then, to re-convince the world of the fact. If they b e determined to fight , let them e'en flesh their swords in the bodies of some of their more im mediate continental neighbours ; or, if they prefer it, they may fight away amongst themselves. But they must not be allowed to blow off their " was(e steam" upon us, lest what might at first be deemed mere badinage be, in the effervescence of their national feeling, worked into woful alittyThey never were nationally sailors, and never, from physical and geographical position, can become re lieir so. England must, and shall, remain mistress of the ocean, despite all the taunts and depreciations of the new fledged amateur Admiral " Joinville", who, by the way, made but a sorry display of his nautical and engineering tactics at Tangier. One of our most amiable poets forci bly remarks, that o War is a game, which, were their SUBJECTS wise, Kings would not play at" — And we would strongly recommend Louis Philippe to take his hopeful son back to school. Should he venture upon a steam-war against our sea-girt " tight little Island," he will assuredly experience " a blowing-up", to which we shall be compelled to resort as the only means of pre serving the peace of Europe, and the amicable and com mercial intercourse of mankind throughout the world. We may add, that the time required to build and equip a first-rate steam-ship is, in this country, on ordinary oc casions, allowed to occupy about six months, but that on emergencies the work may be reduced to one-half that period. Thus we may soon turn out an immense fleet, additional to our present navy, if such a course be deemed necessary ; but as we are informed that the French steam ships have recently been well attended to, it would be im prudent in us to incur the expense, as we can help our selves to a good few of those on the other side the channel by the means proposed ; and as they are finely modelled by them, they will be well-sailed, or steamed, by us. If we cannot manage the matter on this system of friendly reciprocity of talent, we must even, as a dernier resort, engage the services of Captain Warner ! LIVERPOOL ASSlZES.—(Continued from page 3.) CROWN COURT. - YESTERDAY. - _ ESTERDAY. His lordship entered the court shortly after nine o'clock. The following prisoners were brought up to receive sentence : Thomas TVilson, who pleaded guilty to an indictment against him for throwing a corrosive fluid with intent to injure Phoebe Cockup, at Manchester, was sentenced to fifteen years' transportation. His Lordship remarked on the serious nature of the offence, it being one which was fraught with the greatest danger to the lives and safety of her Majesty's subjects, whether in this part of the country or elsewhere, and could hardly be expiated merely by imprisonment. Thomas Jennings, Alfred Locke and Ellen Leech, con victed of a burglary at Manchester, were sentenced—Jen nings to fifteen years' transportation, Locke ten years, and Leech three years imprisonment. Thomas Dutton, convicted of a rape on Jane Hyde— transportation for life. His Lordship observed, that crimes of such a nature as that charged upon the prisoner were the most serious and dreadful of any that could be contemplated, and must be visited by the severest punish ment of the law. _ _ John Johnson, found guilty of stabbing his wife at North Meols, was placed at the bar. The learned JUDGE said it was one of the worst of those crimes leading to death and destruction of health or limb, of which the ca lendar is full. It was impossible to read the offences with which the prisoners were charged at those assizes without seeing that there was a wanton and wicked disre gard of life and personal safety, which was far more neces sary to be suppressed in a civilized country than those af fecting property, and which were in some cases occasioned by poverty and distress. Whatever suffering the punish ment of the prisoner might inflict on his unfortunate wife ought to have been matter of consideration before the commission of the act. The crime was one that called for nunishrnent beyond imprisonment, and he could not pass a less severe sentence than 15 years transportation, but at the same time he intimated his intention, in consequence ofsome circumstances in the case, of obtaining for the pri soner a mitigation of the term to ten years. William Swanton, found guilty of the manslaughter of his wife at Wigan, was brought up to receive sentence. The Judge observed that there were points in the offence, of which he had been guilty, calling for the strongest and severest reprehension, as be Must have meditated personal violence and mischief, for which, though not responsible for the crime of murder, he was so for having committed a most grievous and aggravated manslaughter ; whatever circumstances there were in the case relating to the good character and conduct of the prisoner, it left him from the present state of the calendar s as regarded such offences, no other course than to award considerable severity of punishment ; he regretted that by his violence he had de prived his children of one parent, and the severity of the law would deprive them of the other; that ought to have been matter for consideration in regulating his conduct to the unfortunate woman whose life he had been the means of taking away, and under all the circumstances he could not pass a less severe sentence than ten years' transpor tation. James Wade, John Kenyon, and Thomas Leigh, were sentenced under a conviction for burglary—Leigh 18 months, Wade 12 months, and Kenyon 9 months. Samuel Miller, who pleaded guilty to a charge of ut tering a forged order for the delivery of goods, was sen tenced to 7 years' transportation. He had been previously convicted of similar offences. James Brittain, found guilty of maliciously wounding Henry Cotterall, at Wigan-6 months' imprisonment in the House of Correction. Richard Ni , oodhouse, convicted on a charge of throwing aquafortis-3 months' imprisonment. BURGLARY AT LIVERPOOL. Robert Leyland, (20), Robert Quick (20), and Robert Webster (21), (could read awl write imperfectly,) were charged with entering and robbing the house of John M'Cutcheon, Woolfe-street, Liverpool. About the latter end of April last, the prosecutor's house was broken open, and a piece of calico, a dress, a brass candlestick, and other articles taken away. The fo.low ng morning the prisoners were seen coming as if from the direction of the prosecutor's house, and two of them—Leyland and Quick—were apprehended with some of the stolen pro perty about them. Webster was taken shortly afterwards. Quick and Leyland were found guilty ; Webster was ac quitted. The two former were sentenced to 10 years' transportation. St. David *Warrington John M'Adam *Duchess of Lancaster Queen of the Isle Countess of Galloway liamrock Earl of Lonsdale • Countess of Lonsdale Erin Coleraine Mercury Ballinasloe Nithsd Ic King Orry Rover lair Trader Hibernia Green Isle Britannia *Erin-•o-Bragli Nottingham Town of Wexford F. Icon B rmingliam Irishman T,,wn of Drogheda Newcastle Leeds Grana Uile *Magnet Queen Victoria Finn MacCoull Mermaid Athlone I;nchess of Kent Hercules Fite King *Royal George Ocean Willhm Penn Royal Victoria Reindeer Maiden City *lron Duke *Dundalk Cornmod - re Prince Princess *Troubadour *Princess Royal *Nimrod Achilles Admiral Urgent Medina Medusa Merlin Acadia Caledonia Britannia Great Western Hibernia tCamblia Liverpool Do Lancaster Douglas WigtoWu ewry W hitehaven Do. Dublin Coleraine Dublin Do. Dumfries Douglas Londonderry Drogheda Dublin Drogheda Dublin Do. Wexford Belfast Dublin Drogheda Do. Carlisle Dublin Drogheda Belfast Dublin - Dundalk Waterford Dublin Do, Glasgow Do. Dulain Waterford Carl s'e Bell,st Londonderry Dublin Dundalk Greenock Dublin Do. Liverpool Glasgow Cork Glasgow mall A steamers Glasgow Do. Bristol Glasgow Do. 14,452 18,158 * Those maiked* are iron steamers. t This is a new vessel for the North American mail line of steamers, to be ready in about two months. afobro l v t deu should •e; i s s dues, and be ta isn dmbe yr e rememberedlnyo . thatm e means ne, t registered i st l th i e a er t e the bd u ar tonnage tthteini e of egai customc v h e n i h n o ut vessel, hsee being exclusive of the dimensicns of the engine.room, &c. In fact above one half may be added to give the real ton nage as applicable to warfare—giving 36,000 tons at the least, and with 14,452 horses power. The Iron Duke to wit, rated above at 364 tons, is actually of 700 tons bur then. Here, then, we have, belonging to, o r resort i ng to our own port alone upwards of 60 steamers, all fi ne strong vessels, capable of carrying heavy metal, and many of them guns of immense calibre, either on pivot s or i n ranges. But we have other ports that could each send out its fleet. In December, 7842, we had in all En g l an d 2to9nss• a steam nd in s vessels, enta a n l d l alboo3v vessels, e s a Q s a t i o s n , s bearing each 18,898 tons— , making 61,81 9 total' tonnage, 80,717. In the three years ending Decem ber, 1842, the steam vessels we built, tonnaged 14,931. Not being possessed of accurate statistics of the steam force of each of our principal ports, (with the exception of our own,) but taking very low data we have-- 9 Vessels of the City of Dublin Company, o f (average) ~ .........~-----.........................„....," 500 tons 4,500 5 Ditto (average), 600 ii 3,000 3 Ditto ~ ......... 700 , 2,100 8 Vessels belonging to Glasgow (averaging) ........... 900 ~ 7 ,200 12 Ditto, belonging to Leith or Edinburgh (aver aging) ,„..,..,........***.......,....,,,, 8 00 9,600 12 Vessels belonging to Hull, &e. (averaging),„„ 800 :: 9,600 6 Ditto, belonging to Aberdeen , 800 ii 4,800 4 I,itto, belonging to Belfast, from Glasgow, (averaging) --......—.....---...............---. 700 2,800 :30 Vessels belonging to London (averaging)......--- 800 :, 21,000 20 Ditto, belonging to other Ports in the United Kingdom (averagine) ---------- tioo , 10 , 0 00 6 Vessels Lelonging to Bristol (averaging) „,...„ ~,,„ 50 0 ,: 3,000 80,600 RETURNING FROM TRANSPORTATION. James Barrett was tried on an indictment charging him with being at large after he had been sentenced to 15 years' transportation, before the term of his imprison ment had expired. The prisoner was tried and convicted at the Central Criminal Court on the Bth of July, 1839, on a charge of burglary, and sentenced to 15 years' transportation. He was found at Liverpool in May last, being before the term of his sentence had expired, and was apprehended by Superintendent Quick. He was found guilty, and sentenced to transportation for the term of his natural life. STABBING AT LIVERPOOL. Charles Diamond , 18 , was i;iicied - for having, at Li verpool, feloniously cut, stabbed, and wounded Hiram Stephens, with intent to maim and disable him, or to do biro some grievous bodily harm. Mr. Wilkins conducted the case for the prosecution; the prisoner was undefended. It appeared thatfreod thecrew of an American the prosecutor A w m aesranshipmariner, called and thatthe he was Palestine. The prisoner was also a mariner on board the same vessel. On the night of Friday, the 2d of August, the prosecutor went on board about eleven o'clock and found the store-keeper sitting on the hatchway. Some eonversation ensued between them, in the course of which the prisoner interposed and called the prosecutor " a Yankee." The prosecutor made use of an abusive epithet in reply ; and then both the parties rushed at each other, and almost immediately it was found that the prisoner had inflicted a wound on the arm of the prosecutor with a knife. The wound was three quarters of an inch in length, and an inch and a half in depth. The jury retired, and, after an absence from court for nearly an hour, returned a verdict of guilty with intent to maim, and recommended him to mercy. MURDER OF A WIFE BY HER HUSBAND AT LIVERPOOL. Owen Leonard, (63,) was indicted for having. at Liver pool, feloniously, wilfully, and of malice aforethought killed and murdered his wife, Bridget Leonard, by cutting her in various parts of the body with a razor. Mr. Hulton and Mr. Dririkwater conducted the case for the prosecution: the prisoner was defended by Mr. M'Oubrey. As the details of this case have been so recently pub lished at length in all the local papers, it will be unneces sary to do more than supply a brief abstract. It appeared from the statement of counsel and the evidence of the se veral witnesses, that the prisoner occupied the house No. 37, Peter-street, in this town, and that his family consisted of himself, big wife, a son, 13 years of age, and an elder son, not at home at the time of the occurrence. The lodgers in the house consisted of a lame man named Livingston, and his wife, and another person, a stranger, whose name was unknown. On the night of the 27th of July, shortly before the alleged murder was committed, the parties were in the kitchen. They consisted of the prisoner, his wife, Livingston and his wife, and the stranger. Some altercation then took place between the prisoner and the stranger, which ended in the prisoner desiring him to leave the lodgings. He refused at first to comply with the request, h b is ut ni a g tng htle,sltohdgtihneg,dtehcreeaespeednhcean, dtedidhiiimimthtne l a e n ,v o e u , n a t n do of his leit accortlinjy. There Were only five per sons then remaining in the kitchen —namely, Livingston and hi s wife, the boy, and the prisoner and his wife. Shortly after the stranger had left the house, the priso ner, from some cause or other, quarrelled with his wife. He called her a w—, and she struck him on the face. At that time the prisoner did not return the blow. Al most immediately, Livingston and his wife went up stairs to go to bed, and the deceased accompanied them with a lighted candle. Livingston and his wife slept on the third story, and the prisoner and his wife on the first. When the deceased accompanied the Living stons, the prisoner went up stairs to his bed-room, and speedily came down again to the kitchen, where, in the presence of the boy, he placed something bright, evidently a razor, in his pocket. Very shortly after, he went up stairs again, to Livingston's room, and ordered the de ceased down. She accordingly went down, first into her own bed-room, and then into the kitchen. The prisoner also came down, and at this p er i o d the only persons in the kitchen were the prisoner, the deceased, and the boy. She sat upon a chair, and almost immediately the prisoner called her a vs— a second time, accused her of having been guilty of adultery with a man named Guest. who had been a lodger in the house two or three years before. Her answer to the charge was some ex clamation of this nature—" aye sure," or " yes sure." He then struck her a blow on the face which knocked her off the chair, and, taking a razor out of his pocket, he got upon her and cut her with it in various parts of the body. The boy succeeded in getting outof thehouse and alarming the constables ; and during the time that he was away, a neighbour also had heard a noise and put his head in and saw the ?risoner in the attitude of carry ing out his wicked intention of cutting her in various parts of the body. Another witness of the name of Peacock also came to the door about this time, and saw the de ceased creeping towards the door ; and when she had suc ceeded in reaching it, the prisoner gave her a kick with his foot which tumbled her out upon the footpath, and then shut the door. When the boy and the constables came :back, they found the deceased on the footpath bleeding profusely from several wounds. She was then laid on a stretcher and sent to the infirmary, but, before she got there, she had breathed her last. The important question in the case was, whether the crime could be re duced by anything which had taken place to the minor charge of manslaughter. One of the most painful cir cumstances connected with the case was, that the principal witness against the prisoner was his own son, the boy previously alluded to as being only 13 years of age. Mr. Edw. Parker, house surgeon of the Northern Hos pital, described the nature of the wounds. He made a post mortem examination shortly after the death. There was a slight wound on the left cheek. The end of the nose was almost completely cut off. There was a wound extending from the upper lip acfo3s the left cheek nearly to the left ear. It was about five inches long, and three quarters of an inch in depth, and bad divided the facial artery. There were two slight scratches on the left side of the neck, and on the right there was a transverse wound about 4 inches long and one deep. That divided the ex ternal jugular vein. In front of the neck there was a wound about four inches long and one in depth, which extended down to, but did not open, the windpipe. Some of the muscles of the neck were partially divided. On the back part of the left fore arm there was a wound about two and a half inches long and one and a half in depth. On the outer and front part of the left thigh, a little above the knee, there was a wound about six inches long and seven deep ;it went obliquely upwards. On the inner side of the calf of the right leg there was a perpendicular wound about eight inches long and one deep. On the back part of the right knee there was a wound about six inches long and three and a half deep, which crossed the upper part of the last mentioned wound and divided a large vein and an artery of considerable size in the bend of the knee. That wound extended to the bone. All those wounds might have been caused by a razor. The death was attributable to hemorrhage from the whole of the wounds. In consequence of certain questions having been asked of the medical witnesses. on cross-examination, respecting insanity, Mr. Thomas Chalmer, the surgeon at Kirkdale gaol, was called. He stated that he had taken particular notice of the prisoner, and that he had never observed any traces of a diseased mind about him. Upon cross-examination, he said he had read several works on the subject of insanity, amongst others, Gall and Spurz beim on Craniology. At the close of the case for the prosecution, Mr. WOUBREY addressed the jury on the part of the prisoner. He said he anticipated one or other of two verdicts; — either that a verd ct of man s l aug ht er wou ld b e returned, or that he should be acquitted on the ground of insanity. He reminded the jury that in the former case the prisoner would be condemned to work in chains, and that in the latter he would be closely confined in a lunatic asylum for life. He contended that the occurrence had taken place during one of those paroxysms of rage and ungovernable passion to which the prisoner was occasionally subject, and that the most reasonable inference to draw was, that ha bad committed the dreadful havoc upon the person of his un fortunate wife while wholly unconscious of what be was about. if he had been a sane man, what was to hinder him front stabbing her during sleep, or poisoning her at her meals ? The slaughter which had taken place was a proof of his insanity; and the fact of his having, in his paroxysms, trumped up groundless charges against the fidelity of his wife, was a further proof that he had the misfortune to labour under a disordered mind. Margaret Leonard was the first witness called for the defence. She said she was the daughter of the prisoner, who, some years ago, was a mild, kind, gentle man. He was very quiet and religious, treated all his family kindly, and tried to instruct them as far as possible in the scrip tures. About five or six years ago, he gave up his reli gious habits. Before that, he used to ask the blessing when he sat down to meat. He then gave up that prac tice. There was an alteration in his countenance and conversation, and spoke disrespectfully of the deceased. He composed poetry, and, for a trifling thing, became wicked and vicious and would strike the children. He fancied that the deceased would poiFon him, and be would not partake of tea unless somebody had tasted it first, generally the deceased. Ile remained in that state about six weeks and then recovered. Since then, he has had other similar attacks. About a year and a half ago he had an attack of the same kind, and the same sort of irri tability succeeded. He ate ravenously, although his gene ral appetite was rather small. Last February, he was at tacked again. It manifested itself by his being particu larly anxious about bolting the doors and windows. The deceased on other occasions always secured the doors. His eyes became large. Last May, he had another attack. He was jealous of the deceased when the attacks came on, and would make her go up stairs before him to bed. Cross-examined.—He was a temperate man about five years ago. Then he became intemperate; and when the attacks came on it was generally after he had been drunk. Witness saw him two or three times a good deal the worse for liquor during the period that the attack lasted, five or six weeks. Ann Leonard deposed that she also was a daughter of the prisoner. About two years ago he had a raised, ex cited look. About a month before the death of the de ceased, he asked witness for money, and because she re fused to give him any he threw her little brother from one side of the room to the other. Witness interfered to save her brother and the prisoner struck her, and said she was not nis daughter. He accused the deceased, without having any cause for it, of infidelity. The deceased was afraid of him at that time. He was very violent, but at other times very quiet and hardworking. Cross-examined.—The day he asked her for money be had been drinking, and he wanted the money to buy some more drink. He-examined.—His excitement did not always arise from drink, but drink made him worse. Henry Jones deposed that he lived opposite the house of deceased in Peter-street, and was returning home about half-past twelve o'clock on the night of the occurrence. Saw the prisoner walking up and down opposite his door, appprently much excited. The deceased was whispering something persuasive in his ear. There was an uproari ous noise proceeding from the prisoner's house as if from persons drinking. In a few minutes after there was a louder noise, and, finding the door open, witness looked in and saw the prisoner in a crouching position at the stairfoot. Livingston was brandishing a stick in a threatening manner. Livingston's wife ran between her husband and the prisoner to prevent blows. Livingston thrust his wife aside, and struck the prisoner twice or thrice with his fist. The pris o ne r r ushed to the d oorand called " Police," and then deceased pulled him in by the skirts of his coat, and shut the door. The noise then in creased; the door was again thrown open ; the previous scene was repeated; and the door was shut a second time. The prisoner was greatly excited. John Goodwin deposed that he lived at Sir Thomas's Buildings, and was a master tailor. He had employed the prisoner, and whom he had known for the last 27 years. Tne prisoner was formerly of a mild and gentle disposi tion, and lived peaceably with his wife. Within the last two years there was a change. Witness thought the pri soner insane at times. He seemed wild and irritated without cause. He rambled in conversation, started abitiptiv, laughed without occasion, and used to dart out of houses when receiving orders for tailoring jobs. He was nervous, and would be easily stirred up to an act of violence. John Carroll, a dealing man, was called to prove the insanity of the prisoner on the Sunday before the murder. Upon that occasion, the prisoner said none of the children were his except his daughter, Mary. Three or four months before, he praised all the children. Alice Ryan deposed, that the prisoner was quite drunk at 12 o'clock on the night of the murder. The case for the defence having here closed, Mr. Holton replied. His LORDSHIP then summed up in his usual clear, omprehensive manner. He said there were three ques tions for the consideration of the Jury :—first, whether the deceased died by the hands of the prisoner at the bar : secondly, the character of the act ; and thirdly, the prisoner's state of mind at the time. With respect to the first, probably there could be no doubt. With re spect to the second, the prisoner was, at all events, guilty of manslaughter ; and with respect to the third, the Jury would have to exercise a cool and deliberate considera tion. His Lordship recapitulated the whole of the evidence, and concluded his charge at 10 minutes to 10 o'clock. The Jury then retired, and, after an absence from court for 10 minutes, returned a verdict of guilty of man slaughter. The JUDGE then passed sentence in the following man ner :—Owen Leonard, you have been indicted for murder in occasioning the death of your wife, the mother of a large family. The circumstances under which her death was produced present a spectacle such as the annals of the worst crimes rarely exhibit. On that Saturday night you appear to have used, against the person of your wife, an instrument, with extraordinary barbarity, inflicting upon her many grievous wounds. The Jury, before whom you have been tried, have taken a favourable view of your case, so far as to consider that the offence you committed was not done with the malicious and deliberate purpose of depriving your wife of her existence, but that, you committed the most dreadful crime in a moment of irritation, and that you were not actuated by any delibe rate malice. The circumstances, however, of your case, while they call for the severest punishment upon the fre quent instances which the calendar most unhappily pre sents of violence carried to the extreme extent of pro ducing death, calls also for the severest punishment that the law can award against the crime of which the jury have found you guilty. The sentence of the court is, that, for this offence, you be transported beyond the seas, to such place as her Majesty by the advice of her Privy Council may appoint, for the term of your natural life. The prisoner, who appeared calm and collected during the progress of the trial, sank upon the floor of the dock and burst into a flood of tears on hearing the sentence, and was with difficulty removed by the turnkeys. The Court adjourned at a quarter-past ten o'clock to nine this morning. There are only tour criminal cases now remaining for disposal, so that in all probability the Crown business will be concluded about noon, and his lordship will leave Liverpool for London by the next train. NISI PRIUS.—MONDAY. The case of Farrar v. Deflinne was resumed this morn ing at the dating of the court. Mr. Baines called three addiiianal witnesses, and thus closed the case for the plaintiff. The Solicitor-General then addressed the jury in a speech of nearly three hours' duration, contending that ikse fact of Mr. Farrar having accepted the offered compromise of 10s. in the pound proved that be did not consider that Mr. Deflinne was a responsible party, other wise he would not have accepted it, but demanded what he now sought, 20s. in the pound. His Lordship summed up at considerable length, and the jury, after a consulta tion which lasted 15 minutes, gave a verdict for the plain tiff—damages, with interest, £1235 ss. ACTION FOR CRIM. CON. AGAINST A SURGEON,—.• WOOD v. MONK.—This was an action for criminal con versation with the plaintiff's wife. Mr. Knowles and Mr. Hoggins appeared for the plaintiff; Mr. Watson and Mr. Atherton tbr the defendant. Mr. Knowles said that this was an action in which the plantiff sought redress for an injury which, in every case, and under all circumstances, must inevitably be one of a very painful and serious description. Mr. Samuel Wood complained of the seduction of his wife, effected by a man whose position in life, whose profession, and whose relation-with the plaintiff's family, which arose out of that profession, were calculated to disarm suspicion, to invite confidence, and to afford those opportunities of which this case was a proof that he had very suc cessfully availed himself. The plaintiff carried on business as a master stonemason at Preston. Eleven years ago he married his present wife. He was now a man somewhat past forty, and his wife was somewhat younger. At the time of the marriage she was a person of considerable personal attractions, and formed to do honour to that home to which Mr. Wood took her, and to afford to him that comfort which every married man sought from the company of a good wife. For some years the plaintiff continued to live in Preston. In addition to following his ordinary trade, he kept a tavern. He re mained in Preston till 1841, when he took the Hesketh Arms, in Southport. In the meantime, three children were the result of the marriage ; and if the case were as it had been represented to him (Mr. Knowles) it was no small aggravation that the defendant, who was a medical man, attended the plaintiff's wife on the bi r th o f t h ose children. The defendant, Mr. Thos. Monk, a surgeon, carried on business in Preston, and he also filled the office of alderman of that town • and he (the lea rne d counsel) believed that during the whole period which had elapsed since the marriage of the plaintiff, the de fendant had been in the habit of attending them, and, as he bad before stated, had attended Mrs. Wood during the birth of her children. He need not point out the frequent opportunities which a medical man must have, if ' he was not guarded by a proper sense of propriety, in car rying into effect any design of the kind which it was the object of this action to bring about. Of course the visits of a surgeon were unrestricted ; and greater degree of pro priety was therefore expected from a medical man than an ordinary person. In March, 1843, the plaintiff re moved from Southport to Preston. There he began to fall into difficulties, and in October of the same year he went to Lancaster Castle. He remained there till April of this year, was then dischargedunder the InsolventDebtors' Act, returned home, and then for the first time was acquainted with that which had resulted in the present action. When the intimacy first com nenced, he (Mr. Knowles) was not able to show ; but there would be no doubt that during the period in which the plaintiff was at Lancaster Castle, the defendant was frequently in the habit of visiting the plaintiff's wife ; and if his instructions were to -be at all relied on, there could be no doubt that a series of inter course, if he might so say, took place, the nature of which the jury would hear from the witnesses, and the object of which was much too palpable to leave any man in doubt. Their intimacy was carried on in the most open and disgusting manner. They had often been seen in bed together, seen by the servants of the did not seem to have, taken heve n ous house, ordinaryagains against precautionsw h tyhe to prevent detection, He was not aware what line of defence was to be taken by his learned friend : but it was impossible to shut his ears to certain rumours about the court, and he had been told that there was to be an attempt to impeach the character of this unfortunate woman in other transactions. He (Mr. Knowles) would say that he believed the good taste of his learned friend would prevent him adopting that line of defence ; and he should think ill of the defendant if he attempted to set up the dishonour of this woman, he having been the cause of it, and should bring before the jury any subsequent act of hers, this having been the re sult of his own education, if he might use. the term, and ought to be that portion of his conduct which ought to fill him with regal and dismay. Witnesses were then called. Richard Aughton recollected the marriage of the plain tiff with Eliza Ogden, in January 1833, and stated that he frequently called at their house. They seemed to live comfortably together. Cross-examined.—On my visits I never saw her with a black eye •, never saw her husband beat her. She never complained to me of her husband's infidelity. She always appeared to me a respectable, well behaved woman. Her husband is a man of violent temper. Jane Mercer—said that the plaintiff's wife was a hand some woman at the time of marriage, and they seemed to live together on very good terms. Cross-easmined.— Have heard Mrs. Wood complain of her husband beating her; but never saw it. That was before they went to Southport. Re-examined.—Dr. Monk, who is a mar ried man and has a family, attended Mrs. Wood in her confinement. He is an alderman of the town, (Preston,) and is in extensive practice. He has an assistant. Should think Mr. Wood was about 40 years of age. Eliza Parkinson, wife of John Parkinson, currier, liv ing in Kil-haw-street. said—l know the plaintiff. I was hired by Mr. Wood as waiter at the Grapes Inn. in Au gust of last year, and continued with him for three months. Knew the defendant. He was in the habit of calling twice a week at the Grapes Inn when I was there. In October I was sent with a message to Mr. Monk. I saw the defendant at his surgery, and told him Mrs. Wood wished him to call when it was convenient. He called in about two days after. When he came he went to Mrs. Wood in the back parlour. I had occasion to go in whilst he was there, for change. She stated that in consequence of what she then saw she left the room. Saw the defendant afterwards at the Grapes Inn. Mrs. Wood had a gathered finger ; she sent me to the surgery ; Mr. Monk came directly ; he found her in the kitchen; and they went up st airs into a bed room. I went in for change and they were in bed together. Nerer saw anything im proper in Mrs. Wood's conduct except on those two oc casions. Did not at the time disclose what I had seen. Alice Proctor called on me after the plaintiff came from Lancaster Castle, and said that if I would go to Liverpool and tell the truth, I should be handsomely rewarded. She did not say that I should have £2O. I did not tell her what I had seen. Alice Procter, wife of John Procter, and servant with Mrs. Wood, proved the criminal conversation. On cross examination she admitted having been thrice separated from tier husband. _ _ _ Thiselosedihe plaintiff's case. Al W TSON• for the defence, urged that Mrs. W oo d ..r. A • was an innocent woman, and the victim of a conspiracy, got up for the purpose of ridding her husband of the responsibility of her maintenance. He scouted the idea that a respectable married man of middle age would jeo pardise his prosperity in life by such conduct as that at tributed to the defendant. Mr. Watson called— Richard Robinson, an apprentice of the defendant, who said—ln December, last year, a message came for Mr. Monk to go to the Grapes. On his return he prescribed a lotion to be made up, and for a week or a fortnight after I took medicine regularly there. Shortly after a child of Mrs. Wood's was brought to the surgery ; it had a sore head. On another occasion Mrs. Wood came to the sur gery ; Mr. Monk bled her, and medicine was sent for her. The next (lay he went to the Grapes, again bled her, and more medicine was sent for her. I took it, and found her in bed. On two or three of the visits I accompanied the defendant into the room, and saw Mrs. Wood in bed. Her complaint was inflammation of the chest. In February a message came stating that Alice had hurt her leg ; the defendant went and bandaged it, and 1 attended her for several weeks. About a month after the children had scald head, and Mr. Monk attended them every other day. I accompanied . him. He con tinued his visits until after the return of the plaintiff from Lancaster. Alice Procter came for medicine until July. On one occasion (the latter end of June or beginning of July) Alice asaed Mr. Monk to lend her money: she said that Mr. Wood owed her money, and she could not get it. Mr. Monk refused to lend her money, and she said it should be the worse for him. Cross-examined— Have seen Alice Prcoter at the surgery two or three times. when she did not call for medicine, as far as I knew. • At the close of the examination of this witness (ten minutes to seven) the court rose. GROUSING. - Sir W. Massey Stanley, Bart. shot, with his own gun, in eleven hours, on the first d a y o f grouse shooting, at his beautifully situated shooting quarters, in Invernesshire, 116 brace of grouse. EFFECTS OF WOOD PAVEMENT.—At a recent meeting of the Westminster Medical Society, Dr. Copland re marked, that when wood pavement was taken up for re pairs, for several in c h es b e l ow the surface the pores of the wood might be observed to be saturated with black mat ters from the decomposing of organic substances, which were carried down and absorbed by the water, and on further decomposition these would be likely to evaporate, producing some subtle form of atmospheric impurity, be sides which they would be aided by the waters employed in merely wat€ring the streets, and thus extend and pro long the influence of that low form of typhoid fever which has been so common in the metropolis. YORKSHIRE JURORS.— " I remember," says Lord Eldon, in the Anecdote Book. " Mr. Justice Gould try ing a ase at York; and when he had proceeded for about two hours, he observed, " Here are only eleven jurym en in the box ; where is the twelfth ?" Please you, my gone away about . lord," said one of the eleven, "Ile 1!; some business ; but he ha: lgft Ms verdict with me." ERPOOL Register Tonnage. 612 615 dig 679 791 800 i in ken, ,ed- ar ar ia es