The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1851-07-15 00:00:00

THE THREE SISTERS.-FROM CHAMISSO [By a Wrangler of Trinity College, Cambridge. Three sisters were there, marked by destiny And grey-grown, less with age than agony, With bitter sorrol And each of them night hers the cruellest smart n heart, Give ear theu thou that know'st t And thine be to decide between their trials d the first, the woe that fell on met ream of infancy, . Awak'ning from th-e breast in sweet surprise I felt, entranced, a fond soft impulse rife, Till oh, a hero sought my love ! and life In all its fullness shone before my eyes. And deck'd with myrtle my betrothed lord I was expecting, him whom I adored, In whom my - raptured self was lost al The marriag e -t a pers flung a festive g Viten, harl the measured steps of 1 Hereat t itt'rance came And said, It is of death and not o That she, :make - - Yet though a lik 'Neat love's del Too quickly clou The halo wither'i I saw him selfish He viniih'i. ; whiff Or goaded by en He lives, I know Whereon t As doubting I Yet to have li Albeit Al isfor And suckled 1 to have that bare ) bloom oved one's head :onmanied with shame, iness' flame, how thy judg ved and love, [abed the ith the milk of woe sery, tb pass now 1 the palm of grief to ARM Dublir iet out to meet t He had st. he enemy to tell u I baa tend to pain, by ,y that I It they taught me out all eunsiderat ed of us, and r ness of for two I duty b 3 rs, duri d the place, our deft can look over the list of the invited, and foretell the probable refusals and acceptances, and suggest the possi ble and advisable enlargements of acquaintances. Besides all this, he makes a business of keeping himself " well booked up" as to the strangers in town. How he does it we have no idea ; but upon the quality, manners, place of belonging, means, encumbrances, and objects of travel of all the marked guests at the principal hotels, he ran give you list and programme, with a degree of prompt correct ness that is as surprising as it is useful. Of couree, it is the list from which invitations are made, and (as no man who can afford to give a ball can afford also to make morning calls) Mr. Brown takes the cards of the father of the family and leaves them "in person" on the distinguished strangers. A man of more utility, or in the distribution of more influence, than our friend Mr. Brown. could hardly be picked from the " New York Directory." His own stately figure, wrapped in his voluminous overcoat. and he opens carriage doors, summonses the house ser vant with his whistle, and ushers in the guests, with a courteous manner and a polite word that would well be come the nobleman who is the " gold stick in waiting" at the court of her Majesty.—N. P. Willis. TOE BELLE STRATAGEM ; OR, A BOLD STROKE FOR A HOSBAND.—General Gunninc , had a most beautiful and plished daughter ; her charms attracted many ad- accom mirers, among others the Marquis of Mai son of the Duke of Marlborough, and th Lo'rn, eldest son of the Duke of Argyll. Marquis of At first the young lady seemed to favour the pretensions of the Marquis of Lorn, but in a short time she evinced a decided prefer ence for the Marquis of Blandford. The Duke of Argyll, who had married the widow of the Duke of Hamilton, a sister of General Gunning, inquired of the general whether the Duke of Marlborough was apprised of his son's attentions to his daughter, and approved of the projected 'matrimonial alliance. The general frankly ad mitted that he did not know, but would immediately ad dress a letter to the Duke of Marlborough on the subject, and if he disapproved of the match, he would at once put an end to the affair. Accordingly he wrote a letter to the duke, and sent it to Blenheim by his groom. He received an answer expressive of the duke's entire ap proval of his son's choice, and of his own deep sense of the good qualities of the young lady. General Gunning immediately repaired to the Duke of Argyll, who, having read the letter attentively, expressed strong suspicions of its authenticity. General Gunning then went to Lord Charles Spencer, the duke's brother, who unhesitatingly pronounced the letter to be "an . awkward imitation - of . the Duke of Marlborough's hand writing." The seal was either an impression from a small seal, which the duke bad cease years, or from one copied from it d to use for many General Gunning returned home, and questioned his wife and c the subject; they assured him the letter was they had been imposed on. The general next inteir gated the groom, who. impelled partly by threats, al _ genuine, or Miss Gunning, who had furnished him with the letter. The general then turned his daughter out of his house, and shortly after separated from his wife. Mrs. Gunning published a large pamphlet, entitled, " A letter to the Duke of Argyll," in which she attributed the forgery to Captain and Mrs. Bowen, whom she had offended by endeavouring to prevent their marriage, at the earnest solicitation of Mrs. Bowen's father. But Mrs. Gunning does not attempt to explain how the Bowens became acquainted with the general's intention to write to the Duke of Marlborough, or transmit his letter by his The Duke of Argyll declined all further inter- groom Course with his nisi niece, Miss Gunning Caricatures. Mrs. Gunning, end his Historical Account of Gillray's SINGULAR NOTION AS TO THE VALVE OF LlFE.—Life is a certain quantity in time, which nay be regarded in two ways—lst, as life integral; 2d, as life fractional. Life integral is that complete whole, expressive of a cer- himself. Life fractional is that same whole seized upon and invaded by other people, and subdivided amongst them. They who get a large slice of it say, valeinhles lifer • " a very va- se - who get but a small handl 1 for nothing !" I even to your understanding. When lyself in my study, having carefully locked 11 of von, alone with my books and thoughts, ession of my integral 1 I am tofu, -equr But I in sti Such stintless Need'st hesita List what in ht LITERATURE AND THE FIIVE BOOKS RECEIVEI University Alai land Quarterly 1 znent of the Per phy.—Pictorial The Daltons, Is Baines's History of L tion.—The Horne Circ Downward Tendencies dation, and is ne of tb ure of the cheap system !en. " Mesmeri and the impoctu of the if E. B. Lytton made some ext will be found elsewhere Fraser , me ext Dublin Universil An exc life and may be valued t of a very I familiar to the public b It is a two of the poe seen on e the crow room. 7 roses We in g-room stand 9 t -floor th© Win( shall not or dini Pen royal chit An article or " Weeds, Storm" p Lewis Ai lel, Part S. I by Themsel r of H. more perfect ; but c to dem( govern the The Dalt° Tne nu We never sac d's Magazine.—The Dublin Church of Eng- The Govern in Geegra- Part B. ial Plan of Chester.— The Irish Land Ques- Blackwood is a review of our free-trade st complete exposes of the we ever remember Iso, receives little mercy e recent lecturers are fully amusing tale of i the other articles ng character. We have Parker and Son taining no political essay, gh order. We hope clever essay on the ordsworth, whose memory ce at present for ex- has been already somewhat ing prefixed to th rs of bis life ue, tinged with 1 to the right, are out of what was .ast, that first presents on old hall or dining here and there with Virginia creeper zshold of the porch at the on the pavement brought of the interior in the old hall .ought from ;—Chaucer, Milton— and m most gracious n is interesting, and " The Day after the , d future for Ireland An a-erage t of the Peoph or Considerant n seen in France he people to very interesting lent which led to with many a heart me what might, to win his he took a patrol A very ex but abounding to give s make it all el I sit down b the door on I am in full t teres, gigue rotuna in value:wc the more fractions ber of persons ar the root Thus, tl interefts than a Saint S HORTICU LTURE Liverpool paper, a letter, purporting to " One who was present at the last Flower SI evidently appears to understand fault-findir than the subject of his denunciations. Of course our contemporary is not answ arcely been gone half an fire-arms told us that he One man alone returned , and that the enemy was fault-finder li say, for the sake of illustration, to a fixed 'ourul sum—£loo, for example. But when I come forth into the common apartment, each of those to whom I am of any worth whatsoever puts his fingers into the bag that contains me, and takes out of me what he wants. Kitty requires me to pay a bill; Pisistratus to save him the time and trouble of looking into a score or two of books; the children to tell them stories, or play at hide-and seek ; the carp for bread-crumbs ; and so on throughout the circle to wh!ch I have incautiously given myself up for plunder and subdivision. The £lOO which I represented in my study is now parcelled out; I am worth £4O or £5O to Kitty, £2O to Pisistratus, and perhaps 30s. to the carp. This is life froctional. And I cease to be an integral till once more returning to my study, and again closit.,, door on all existence but my own. Meanwhile, it is per fectly clear that, to those who, whether I am in the stud . or whether I am in the common sitting thing at all out of me, I am not wort . a farthing. must be wholly indifferent to a native of Kamschatk whether Austin Caxton be or be not rased out of the great Recount-book of human beings. Hence it follows that — l . the greater the num- room, get no- It " a very valuable life that ! )litical party, a conqueror, a ki g hundreds or thousands, or e when 1: garded each in himself, at. bimon, cation of flesh, in the idea that he thereby pleased hi Divine Benefactor, might represent a larger sum of mora value per se than Bonaparte or Voltaire.—" My Novel,' in Blackwood's Magazine. rand mortifi- A week or two back we noticed, in the columns of statements of his correspondent, especially in a matte] like the one upon which he writes. The subject is one requiring special information, and it is a rational pie. sumption that no one would take it up merely to gratify • --- the tacoethes scribendi. devolved on Thinking the complaints of this anonymous writer were ings of We should hardly have thought it necessary to allude to the subject except that. it, to a certain extent, involves the character of a very pains-taking public servant, and the exertions of the Gardens' Committee, which, we think, have been most meritorious ; and it would hardly be ex pected that the only journal professing to de d specially with hnrtirnitursil nffnirs shnuld milnw curb plisirope fr. no.. d over in promotion, isappoint Lents without least, ' that duty 'I knew what was I pre- nof sc If.' I Ived if possible to ful resistance—a hopeless, of course molixity ; we held the farm the roof was twice on fire !e was reduced to eight mer commanded by a corporal with two shot-wounds in Isis - We were made prisoners, and carried away to nce I was exchanged under a cartel, regiment as a Lieutenant. Had I • 1, and followed the dictates of , I had perhaps fallen like the forgetfulness of myself lay my lv sought promc It was in the ver, unanswered. First, then, after calling the attention of the burgesses " to the disgraceful state of their Botanic-gardens," the writer proceeds to say that " everywhere may be seen confusion and overgrowth of plants," and " in many places labels may be observed without plants." The writer should have first learned that it is necessary to have somewhat of scientific knowledge to understand the ar rangement of a botanic-garden, and without such infor mation the most admirable botanical arrangement will appear confusion. The Botanic-garden of Liverpool is Born in Dublin in well arranged, and is the admiration of numerous scien islerlife in the Wexfor m . It etro- title botanists. As for the statement respecting the labe to d being without plants, it betrays such an amount of igno rance as to be wholly astounding. " The veriest tyro in horticulture" knows that the principal use of labels is to he spots where bulbs snc are resting dormant below the surface These are the two first grievances complained of Several others are of minor importance, and still less tenable. The writer talks of the sum of money raised for the support of these gardens, thereby exposing his igno rance of the fact that no money is raised for that purpose specifically. The expense of keeping up the Botanic gardens is defrayed out of the surplus fund. He also vapours about the second town in the kingdom, and its great resources, and is surprised that we have not a botanic-garden equal to Kew ! This is all sheer nonsense: Liverpool has so far done well with the Botanic-gardens. She would realize the fable of the frog and the bull if she were to try to rival Kew-gardens, with the revenue of the kingdom to fall back upon. Thanks to the magnificent liberality of the Earl of Dorby, and the good sense lately shpwn by the Town Council, there is every hope of the town soon possessing a fine museum. Should it be so, we wish it may be managed with as good spirit as the Liverpool Botanic-gardens. leciduous p, LFE, THE EMINENT C was there he began to that fr and n t the first four NEW CONIFERA. — The celebrated Funebral Cyprus of lately attracted so much attention from lost China, which c horticu beautiful trees ever introduced into this country. The visitor to the Crystal Palace will be much surprised to see, outside the west entrance, a dead tree standing erect. To thousands it appears to have been growing where it now stands, and, though dead, left for fesr of arousing the in dignation of Colonel Sibthorpe. This dead tree is, how ever, a monument to the persevering cht.rarter of_ British another . id," being - ice ' ZxtOn po o r f ta G i r n a r ce — Church, hionable and exclusive , owf we r ho m u rropolitan v'en." Mr. Brown, add, is a -nod sense, natural air of command -0. advice upon the details oT ni a w p a t a n r d ty ; The Earl of Arundel and Surrey, the leader of the T3eau Nash," of Bath, to '-, are the nearest moderno Roman Catholic party in the House of Commons, has re signed his sent for Arundel, which he has represented roes, at the summons, and since 1837. It is believed that his father, the Duke of r .cutises. Whether the supper is to Norfolk has brought this about, as it is well known that stairs or down; where the music is to be his Grace is in favour of the Papal bill which his son has .u. to be best beard and take the least room ; strenously resisted. It does not appear that the noble restaurateur, confectioner, and florist are to be a intends retiring from public life, for be says that his ' - where V) find the extra china, silver , and conduct will be the same it he should be again returned to Parliament se are but the minor details upon which he entbyany other constituency. It is understood '•..ssional counsel. He is then consulted as to that his Lordship's views on the Papal bill have led to his , i 9is knowledge of who is well or ill, who is resignationfor n conclusion he states, that "we live in r a death or a failure, who has friends stay- a time of great • excitement, both religious and political, and what new belle has come out with and there are many who are called upon to sacrifice their !Mc,. uty or fortune as makes it worth while to send private inclinations to a deep s en s e o f re li g ious and public ler family a card, is wonderfully exact ; and of course he duty." enterprise It is the Funebral Cyprus of China, brought over as a specimen by Messrs. Standish and Noble, nur serymen, of Bagshot. the most ras. aliar fu Mr.: Br Brown co laid up towed, c what employe gives his prof the guesfs in mourni ing with them, b( ce the love o f music with which d him. One day he heard . lelighted his young came " all ears to unity of being present I, many a time slipping n home to gratify his youthful 111eatIc soon remarked whenever and wherever t hey r lost an opt land away fr the little boy who was such a regular attendant at the performances of the band, and having made his acquaint ance, invited him to his house, where young Balfe be came a great favourite and constant visiter. Alr.Mcadows led with the clarionet, but be also played a little on the violin, to which instrument his young friend made love, - -ch to the astonishment of its owner, actually scale without assistance. This piece of pre lopmen prised Meadows that he called d's !r, and offered to teach him gratui ich offer was gratefully accepted ; and just as .ered his fifth year, he received his first lesson from his kind friend, the bandmaster. Three winced such wonderful results that Meadows 'ik he could do very little more for his pupil, resolved to visit his father again, and inform Is high time to put his son under a more ter.—Dublin University Magazine. learned tl cocious de on the ct he had enter( in musi- began to ti and t herefc him that i t so stir w YORK.-1 e first thine -.den a lady does who intends to give a fashionable party in New York, is to send for i` Mr. Brown." If there are distant of our fifty thousand readers who 1 /-nwn, it ii quite time they had. any of the more have never hear lookinfi Is of our great person, who, in a certain THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, TUESDAY, JULY 15, 1851. GENERAL NEWS OF THE WEEK. AN INTERESTING BlRD.—There is at present in the possession of a constable of police in Kilkenny a canary, 11 months old, which exhibits a high degree of intelligence, affection, and docility. It knows. its owner from any of the other men, but it is familiar with any of the police when in t heir uniforni. However, upon a civilian entering the room, it will fly to the owner for protection and nestle in his breast; when he leaves the door of the cage open and calls the bird by its name of " Peter," it will come over and kiss him, and when it sees him it cries to be let out. At the approach of dinner and breakfast time it knows very well that it is to be fed, and sings to be noticed. The bird has had provided for it a little looking-glass, and when desired it will go and the reflection of its image in the glass, taking it for another canary. The owner had but little trouble in training this bird, and ac complished it all by kindness. SAILORS IN 1851.—As an instance of the improved tastes and habits of the young sailor of the present day, we may mention, about 30 boys of Her Majesty's ship Excellent, at Portsmouth, on receiving their wages. ob tained leave of absence to visit London for the purpose of seeing the Exhibition and other sights. They arrived at the Sailors' Home, Well-street, on Tuesday _morning, and returned to Portsmouth on Saturday. In this short period they managed to devote two days to the Crystal Palace, and also found time to visit Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's Cathedral, the British Museum, Greenwich. Hospi tal, the Polytechnic, the Tunnel, Wyld's Globe, the Tower, and, through the kindness of the Duke of Northumberland, they were also admitted over North umberland-house. In their perambulations they were accompanied by the schoolmaster. Their conduct was most admirable, and they appeared delighted with the in teresting objects for the first time brought to their notice. SEIZURE OF COLLEGE PLATE FOR POOR-RATES.—The parish officers of St. Aldate's, Oxford, in pursuance of a distress warrant granted by one of the city magistrates, made a seizure on Friday of two silver teapots, the pro perty of the Master and Fellows of Pembroke College, who had refused to contribute the sum of £ll charged upon the college towards the support of the poor. The ground of refusal for paying the rate is that the college is extra parochial. A similar seizure was made a short time since of the plate belonging to New-inn-hall, but it was shortly afterwards redeemed by the Rev. Dr. Wellesley (principal of the hall). Subsequently, notice of action for an illegal distress was served upon the parish officers of St. Peter-le-Bailey, where the hall is situated. Tt is expected in the present case that the college authorities will adopt similar proceedings. the ratepayers are deter mined to try the question as to the liability of the colleges to help to support the poor of Oxford ; they contend that the colleges are not extra-parochial. THE TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN OF JULY 28.—The approaching eclipse of the sun on Monday, July 28, is the only one that will be' total in parts easily accessible from this country for many years to come. The last total eclipse of the sun risible in London took place in April, 1715, and there will be no other till the morning of August 39, 1887. The eclipse of the present year will be total in the southern parts of Norway and Sweden, and in northern Prussia, Poland, and Russia. The eclipse will be more or less visible to the whole of North America, the North Atlantic Ocean down to the 30th degree of latitude, the whole of Europe, and the northern part of Africa. The total eclipse will commence on the N.W. coast of North America, near Queen Charlotte's Island, traversing the continent of America. over the Rocky Mountains, to the Slave Lake, which will be in entire darkness at lh. 30 p.m. Greenwich time. In London about 82-100ths of the sun's disc will he covered by the moon, and although some degree of obscurity must neces sarily take place, it is not likely to be very great. In the metropolis the eclipse will commence at four minutes after 2 two o'clock p.m., and will end at a quarter past 4 ; the middle or greatest phase will take place at 12 minutes after 3 o'clock, and at this moment the sun will appear as a narrow crescent, having the convex border towards the horizon. EXTRAORDINARY SOMNAMBULISM.—One of the most extraordinary cases of somnambulism that has probably been heard of took place during last week in New-court, Farringdon-street, London. It appeared that a person named Thomas Connor resided at 9 in the before-named court, and on Monday morning a person sleeping in the same room was aroused from his slumbers by hearing the window open. He immediately sat up in bed, and was just in time to see his fellow lodger jump from the second floor into the stone-paved court below, the unfortunate man having nothing on but his shirt. The instant Con nor reached the cold stones, he became somewhat alarmed, and imagining that he had been thrown out of the window, he ran off as fast as he could to the Fleet-street Police station, and claimed the assistance of the police, whilst the various persons residing in the same house in the court got up, dressed themselves, and made the best of their way to Blackfriars-bridge, fearing that he contem plated drowning himself. From the inquiries put to the man by Mr. Inspector Scott, who was on duty at the station when Connor entered, it was soon found out that the poor fellow, whilst asleep, had a dream that some person was standing over his bedside with a naked razor, for the purpose of cutting his throat. This acted so powerfully on his nervous system that he, without know ing what he was doing, opened the window and leaped out. The poor man was only injured slightly in the ankles. COMPOUND HOUSEHOLD Ens.—An important altera tion has just been mai.e by Parliament with respect, to voters known as "Compound Householders." Tbe new act is entitled " An Act to amend the Law for the Regis tration of certain Persons commonly known as Com pound Householders,' and to facilitate the exercise by such persons of their right to vote in the election of-bo rough members to serve in .Parliament." By parties _ themselves.of the provisions of the act lief Ore the 20th inst., the franchise may be extended. According to the Reform Act (2d and 3d William IV. chap. 45) the poor rates are required to be paid by the 20th of July in eacL year which were payable by the 6th of April, and by another act, regulatiUg the payment of the rates and taxes by Parliamentary electors (11th and 12th Victoria, chap. 901, the rates, were to be paid by the same period January in each year. gable. b solders" are required to make continual claim to be registered, and it is decla red to be " often inconvenient or impracticable for such persons to make continual claims in respect to each rate, and many persons are consequently deprived of the (ran- Therefore It seems that " ( :ompounc once claimed to be rated in respect of premises, and pay ing or tendering, nn or before the 20th of July, the rate due by the sth of January preceding, shall not be re quired in future to renew such claim. Thp liability of a claimant to rates is to continue so long as he occupies the premises and remains on the register . A composition with a landlord is to determine the amount of rate to which the tenant is liable. THE FAILURE OF THE STOURBRIDGE AND Buoms- GROVE BANKS.—The whole of the partners have now surrendered to the fiat. At a meeting of the creditors, on Friday, it was stated that the liabilities of the Stourbridge Bank were £250,000, and those of the Bromsgrove_ Bank D 0; and that Messrs. Glyn and Co., of Lon don, were creditors to the amount of £90,000, but the amount was covered by the most valuable of the securities belonging to the firm, including a large amount of landed property belonging to Mr. Philip Rufford, and 4,000 shares in the Imperial Alkali Company, of which 600 belonged to Mr. Wragge, and the remainder to Mr. P. Rufford. These shares, however, were not registered in the name of Glyn and Co., but were held by way of equitable mort gage, so that the assets of the firm would be liable to Glyn and Co. for the original value of the shares, although the affairs of the Imperial Alkali Co. are now being wound up. It was also stated that Mr. G. H. Biggs had been gene rally believed to be a partner in the Bromsgrove Bank, from the circumstance of his signature having been inva riably on the notes for several years past, and from the firm generally signing itself " Rufford, Biggs, and Co." Mr. Biggs, however, disclaims all liability to the creditors in the matter.—The Worcester Herald says—" One of the most distressing incidents connected with the bank ruptcy is, we are informed, the fact that from some cause the under 1 audit of Mr. Francis Tongue Rufford having been postponed for a few days, while the tenants had provided themselves against the usual day of payment with money for their rents in Messrs. Rufford's bank-notes, they , con sequently, when the hanks failed, found themselves in possession of the comparatively worthless paper instead of their landlord's receipt. Mr. Rufford, in these circum stances, has kindly consented to allow his tenants six months' grace." ORIGIN OF THE LATE DYCE SOMBRE.—The Examiner states that his maternal grandfather was a French ad venturer of the name of Reynard, who, for his sullen look, went with his countrymen under the name of Som bre, or " the gloomy." Reynard engaged in the service of Meer Cassitn, Nabob of Bengal, when he was concerned in hostilities with the English. In revenge for the cap ture of one of hie fortresses, the Nabob resolved on the massacre of his English prisoners, and accordingly put, it is supposed, about two hundred to death. "He found," says one of ow Indian historians, "a fit instrument in a renegade Frenchman, of the name of Sumroo." This happened in October, 1763 ; and a month later, Patra, where the massacre took place, was stormed and taken by the English. Reynard, of course, fled, to escape being hung or shot; and, being a man of great courage and enterprise, he, in due time, succeeded in establishing for himself an independent principality in the north-western part of India, at Surdliana, some thirty miles from Delhi. Reynard fell in love with a Cashmerian dancing girl, married her, and made a Roman Catholic of her. This was the celebrated Begum Sumroo, tile word begun* meaning, in the Persian language, " a woman of rank." The Begum had no children by Reynard. He had, how ever, by a Mahomedan, a daughter, who was adopted by the Begum as her own child, according to the laws and customs of the East. This daughter the Begum married to Mr. Dyce, the half-caste son of Captain Dyce, of the Indian army, and the late Mr. Dyce Sumroo or Sombre was the fruit of the marriage. The Begum, having suc ceeded to her husband in the principality, after, by a piece of extraordinary treachery, she had made him perpetrate his own murder, administered it with great skill for nearly half a century. In 1803, she fought against the Duke of Wellington at Assye, as an auxiliary of the Mahratta chief, Scindiali ; and, after the defeat, she fled to northern Hindustan, and made her peace with the Marquis of Wellesley, entering into a treaty with him, by which her principality, on her demise, should lapse to the British Government, her personal property to be at her own dis posal. Mr. Dyce, her adopted son, was to have been her heir, and he commanded her army ; but in her extreme old age she detected him in an intrigue, imprisoned and disinherited him, substituting his son in his room ; and thus the late Mr. Dyce Sumroo became the inheritor of a French nickname and of half a million sterling, which was paid over to him from the Anglo-Indian Exchequer, where it had been deposited. THE CURRENCY LAWS. On Friday evening, Mr; Jonathan-Duncan, 8.A., deli vered a lecture at the Music-hall, 80ld -street, on "The Currency Laws as affecting the condition of the People and Trade of the Country." The proceedings commenced soon after seven o'clock, and we noticed, amongst those present, Dr. Trench, Messrs. Isaac Buchanan, R. Graves, James Irvine, Rowett, L. Peel, Arthur Crook, Charles Myers,•James Harvey, J. Singlehurst, Henry Bremner, Jones, Wilkinson, Edward Brodribb, De Pugee, Braga, Percival Witherby, John Wood, James Davison, James Bold, Dr. Brennan, Thos. Inman, R. Hinley, C. J. Waddington, T. Roskell, J. Hant, and R. Parry (of Seacombe); Councillors Fisher, Thomson, R. L. Jones, B. Hall, and Bigharn, &c. Mr. SAMUEL HoLME was called to the chair amidst applause. He said that, as they had met rather to hear a lecture from Mr. Duncan, on a subject which had already excited considerable attention in this country, it would scarcely become him to occupy much time. He would, however, venture to make a few remarks, which, he trusted, would be considered as his individual opinion only, without his wishing that the meeting should identify them selves with the topics which he might introduce. He did not think that those who had been the advocates of free trade bad such exalted notions of its great blessings; nor did he think that the Protectionists, and those who had held views adverse to the free-traders, considered that its disadvantages were so great that the one would expect national and unlimited prosperity, or the other would be lieve that ruin was to be poured upon this country at once. A great and wealthy nation like England could never be permanently elevated or depressed by any solitary act : it must be by a train of concurrent circumstances operating in unison ; and the acts which could alone benefit or injure must be those, not of individuals, but of the legislature at large. Free trade was carried by our legal representatives, and if it should be found to be a mistake, as a nation we should suffer for the mistake of our legislators, with the concurrent opinion and testimony of a great number of the electors. In periods of great excitement, many were led astray by passions and prejudices rather than by reason, and he was glad that at the present period, which was one of no great political excitement, they had an opportunity of hearing Mr. Duncan, who would, no doubt, throw a good deal of light upon the question. The mass of man kind did not think deeply or profoundly upon many of these questions. Indeed, they had not time; they allowed others—men who had often sinister objects in view—to think for them. Thus error was induced ; the individual suffered as an individual, and the nation as a nation. The nation, however, was now compelled to think upon a great number of subjects, and in this view the doctrines of the " Manchester school," when brought to the test of prac tice, would undergo a most severe scrutiny at the hands of the people of England. The most valuable knowledge which, nationally and individually, we could possess was acquired by suffering and by experience, Now, what was the condition of this country at present ? Was it really prosperous ? Were the agriculturists—the tradesmen—the shopkeepers—growing richer? Was competition less rife now than it had been ? Was property of all sorts rising in value? Were our merchants in receipt of high prices and high freights ? Were the operative classes in full oc cupation, and were two employers running after one mechanic ? He thought not. He never knew a period when there was more of individual distress, and particu larly amongst one class of the community. His table was loaded with letters from all parts of the country, implor ing him to help men to situations who had filled the most respectable offices, but who were now in the greatest dis tress. At the present moment there were at least 200 applications for a situation of comparatively small salary, vacant under the corporation. Our country had been placed in a most unfair competition with other and foreign lands. The farmer was compelled to compete with the lands of Pomerania, Poland, Russia, and other places, while, at the same time, he must pay, in addition, the burdens, in taxes, of Enelani. He was loaded with a heavy tax, and then he was told to compete in the race. The shipowner and the shipbuilder, who had to pay their proportion of the national burdens, were tolclby certain parties, in these enlightened free-trade days, that they, too, must compete in an unrestricted manner with the foreigner, and that it is no more than an act of genzrosity on their part to allow the foreigner, who pays none of our burdens, the same privileges of selling his produce as ourselves. This they are told, although the foreigner pays none of those taxes to which this country is subject, and which must continue to be paid by our posterity, if the credit and honour of the country are to be maintained. The fact was, the whole nation seemed smitten with a desire for cheapness, and this had caused our legislature to repeal the corn-laws. We had taken the duty off flour • but it now appeared from Mr. Jackson, of Wakefield, although himself a great free trader, thatcheap flour was prejudicial to his interests. Mr. Jackson was said to be an extensive grinder of flour, having no less than between fifty and sixty pair of stones at work. We must have cheap silks, &c., and so we altered our tariff in this country, and reduced it to such a level as to allow the goods of foreigners to be admitted into competition with our own on the same scale of duties. We must., too, have cheap ships, and so we must sweep away the navi gation laws of England. He had 'stele been in Ireland, and had travelled through more than half of it, and he had been wonderfully struck with the great natural ad vantages presented by that country, and yet with the con dition of the people there. Its rivers and reservoirs would give motive power to more than double the number of manufactories at present existing in England ; and yet we found that hundreds and thousands of the people of that country were emigrating, whilst others were living in a state of misery so abject that those who had not witnessed it could scarcely conceive it. Their position was indeed terrific. He (Mr. Holme) did really believe that if the present system of free trade was attempted to be carried out in Ireland in its present miserable condition, and if that country was to be brought into competition with the whole world, the country itself could not longer exist, let them do what they would. Before the corn laws were repealed, it was predicted that, with free trade, we must have prosperity, but we should soon see whether the prophecies of Mr. Cobden would be realised or not. He (Mr. Holme) would not quarrel with free trade if free traders alone were to suffer by it ; but the evil was, that every person in the country, wheter his cpinions were in favour of free trade or not, had to take part in the loss. The free trader had a constitutional right to agitate and pursue his theory, but he (Mr. H.) protested against being compelled to suffer by such an act of national folly. Free trade might be sound and wise if the whole world was placed on a level, geographically and finan cially, and if all other countries would act upon the same principle towards this country ; but so long as each country must protect itself, it must have laws subject to its own condition, otherwise it was utterly impossible that the state of a country could be prosperous. Now the currency question, which they were then met to consider, was, he contended, - necessarily identified with the princi ples of free trade. He firmly believed that it was impos sible to carry out the present system of free trade under the currency bill of the late Sir Robert Peel. Free trade and a restricted currency were altogether incompatible. They could not exist together. (He.r, hear.) House I and other property had not yet reached the lowest level ; and it was impossible that they could safely keep gold at a fixed price, which was the case under the exist ing law. One of the greatest errors in the late Sir Robert Peel's bill was, that in periods of great depression it made no distinction between a man whose credit was good, and whose property at his bankers was undoubted in real value—it made no distinction whatever, in case of a panic, between a man who was trading on a borrowed capital, and another who was trading on his own capital. (Hear, hear.) He felt the effect of that very strongly in his own case, in the year 1847. It so happened, that in that year he had a great body of workmen employed on certain rail ways which he had under contract. In that year, during the panic, he was placed in this position, that, with credit and property at command, far away more than he wanted, it was impossible for the banks, in consequence of the restricted currency at the time, to find him either bullion or bank-notes. Any security he could have given them, but they could not obtain the money ; and ultimately it was with great difficulty that they were able to pay their workmen, and then it was by Government itself doing an illegal act which gave them relief ; and if this had not been done, he should have been compelled to discharge several hundred men, not because he had not the means of paying them, but because the bankers had not the means of giving it to him. Several eminent merchants and tradesmen told him that they were in the same posi tion at that time, and if it had continued a week longer— if the Government had not been driven to do an illegal act—his workmen and the workmen of several other firms would have had to walk about the streets. It was forthe purpose of getting rid of such a calamity as this that he hoped something would be done to make an alteration in our present currency regulations. lie had no wish to see anything done which would create a fictitious capital, and so allow men to go into the market with such a capital, being thus unable to meet their engagements; but as rents and other commodities must come down, the price of gold could not much longer be maintained at £3 17s. 10Id. per ounce. If so,' the mortgagee would be the man who would come into possession of property, and the mort gagor would be ruined. Mr. Holme concluded by stating that it was for these reasons he was anxious to hear what Mr. Duncan had to say, without pledging himself, or with out the meeting pledging themselves to every opinion which Mr. Duncan might propound. He should be glad to hear what Mr. Duncan had to say, because by this means truth was elicited. He trusted that this would not be made a political question, but more of a social ques tion ; and if the attention of the country was roused to it, as it no doubt would be, the subject would be forced upon the legislature, and Sir Robert Peel's bill would be so modified as to better the condition of the people, by basing the currency laws upon a principle of equity and justice. (Mr. Holme resumed his seat amidst applause.) Mr. DUNCAN said it was notorious that the ancient political combinations of whir and tory were from year to year becoming mere traditions of history, and that those two powerful parties were now superseded by an antago nism that was raging between protectionists and free traders. Now he bad the boldness, and some might say the audacity, to think that both the protectionists and free traders were profoundly in error, and that it was im- Pertitnt for the best interests of :the state that each party, in a generous spirit, should revise their former notions, endeavour to get rid of their prejudices, and unite toge ther on a friendly and patriotic platform to discuss differ ences, with the view of creating harmony where discord now exists. (Applause.) It was to aid in this reconcilia ticn of opinion that be presented himself before that audi ence. He was not a partisan either of the free trader or of the protectionist, but simply an advocate of what he believed to be true. He should endeavour, therefore, at the commencement to point out what he thought were the errors of the free traders, and then what were the errors of the protectionists, and having done that he shouldenter upon the general topic of his address. The free traders set out with the fundamental "principle that food is the first necessity of the working classes. That was the doc trine of the Anti-Corn-Law League, and he considered it most erroneous. The first necessity of the working classes was constant employment at remunerative wages, (cheers,) for it was plain that the labourer must earn wages before wages existed to be exchanged for food. He dare say there were some poor men in this town who had passed the bakers' and butchers' shops when food had been in abundance, but for want of employment they had not money to satisfy the shopkeeper. There was nothing new in this, although it had been strangely overlooked by those who called themselves free traders. Cobbet, who cer tainly was a friend of the working man, long since said, " What would it avail ye were a quartern loaf ata penny, and you had no employment to get the wages by which the penny could be earned." (Hear. hear, and applause.) This he took to be the first error, and a grievous and fun damental error it was of the free traders. The next grand error was the fallacy of cheapness, and it was that fallacy which carried their question. The working man was told, during the agitation of the league, that, were the corn laws repealed, three masters would run after one man. But another idea was this, and it was important, because it was the telling deception upon the working classes. They were told, though not in express terms perhaps, that their wages would continue as high as ever, their employment as constant, while food would fall, and that all the produce they would require to consume would fall. That this was a fallacy was patent on the face of it, for why were wages paid in any business, but to create profit ? The employer intended to sell at a profit; but if produce sold for little money, would any man pay high wages ? But cheapness was to be looked at in a two-fold aspect. Much money for very little labour was a sort of cheapness which the industrious classes ought to fight for; but the other form of cheapness, of which the fixed annuitant had the benefit, was to command a great deal of labour for very little money, and they had to say which of these they would choose. David Ricardo long ago put forth a very flattering theory to the industrial pride of England. He said that because England possessed coal and iron she was destined to manufacture clothing for the whole world ; this doctrine was taken up by Mr Cobden and his associates. We were to supply the continent of Europe, America, and in fact the whole earth with clothing, and this was to be on condition that we should not grow food for ourselves. The foreigners were to destroy their looms and we our ploughs. This was one of the visionary doctrines of free trade. Could a more monstrous doctrine be conceived than that the inhabitants of any country were to forego the advantages of manufacture in order to have possession of the bread and beef markets. These were the fundamental ideas of those who called themselves free traders ; but they were, in fact, nothing more than free importers. Now as to the protectionists : the old school of protectionists, from 1815 to 1846, never perceived the folly of their legislation. They had, at one and the same period, laws on the statute book which were mutually subversive of each other. They had a corn-law designed to raise prices, and a money-law designed to pull prices down. (Hear, hear.) It was clear, therefore, that when the harvest was abundant, and the corn low, that the manufacturer would flourish whilst the farmer would be injured. On the other hand, when the farmer got a high price for his wheat, the manufacturing interest would be depressed, because it depended upon a good or bad harvest whether the corn-laws were of more benefit than the money laws, and vice versa. From this ruinous policy the modern school of Protectionists were exempt. In 1846 they began to think how,they should recover their lost ground ; and though he (Mr Duncan) had been preaching the doctrine of currency like a voice crying out of the wilderness with very few to hear him, and though he felt certain that till the corn-laws were repealed that doctrine never would get a hearing, yet he was equally sure that when protection was carried away from agriculture the territorial aristocracy to defend themselves would be com pelled to take up the money question •, and that they would do it, he had the very best assured certainty, when a change of government should call upon the Earl of Derby to administer the affairs of this country. (Great cheering.) The modern school of protectionists saw the folly of the old system, which had two antagonistic statutes con currently existing—the corn-laws and the monetary laws. He would take that opportunity of doing justice to the Na tional Association. In the address of the General Commit tee, dated 12th Dec., 1850, and signed George F. Young, there is this passage :—to make " an energetic demand for revision and amendment of the present currency laws, the provisions of which not only embarrassed the action of the protective laws while they existed, but materially con tributed to the ultimate subversion of those lags, and would again impede and neutralise their action if restored." After these avowals, officially printed and circulated, a reform of the monetary system is an essential element of Protectionist policy, equally with the defence of agricul ture, shipping, and the colonies; and when the whole question is impartially surveyed from this point of view, all currency men are bound to support the NATIONAL As- SOCIATION. It is on this principle that consistent Free Traders and Protectionists may form an honourable alli ance—for Free Traders may argue thus :—" Our work is only half done ; we have, to some extent, got free trade in commodities, and, advancing in the same direction, we must have free trade in the instruments in which commo dities are bought and sold ; moreover, we always under stood that free trade would give us snore trade, but surely to carry on more trade we must have money." The Pro tectionists may reason thus :—" We are prepared to pro tect the legal tender of the country; the old laws rendered it penal to melt or export our coin ; those laws are re pealed, and we feel the disastrous consequences in being periodically deprived of the national instrument of ex change, attended by panics and the suspension of busi ness ; as, therefore, we are pledged to protect the trade of the country, we are bound to protect the money in which that trade must be transacted." Mr. Duncan then gave an historical narrative of the money laws from the suspension of cash payments in 1797 to the panic of 1847. Our space will not allow us to report this part of the lec ture copiously, but we will select the most important pas sages. When cash payments were suspended, it was re garded by Parliament as a temporary measure, no one imagining that the war with France would be of long duration. It was agreed that metallic payments should be resumed six months after the signature of a definitive treaty of peace. The peace of Amiens was signed, but cash payments were still suspended, showing that the par liamentary pledge was set aside and virtually extinguished. It was, however. revived by the Bullion Committee in 1810 ; however, Mr. Vansittart's resolution that a pound note and one shilling were worth a guinea, passed in 1811, did really amount to a recognition of a new standard, on the faith of which innumerable contracts were made. Peace was again restored by the battle of Waterloo, and instant preparations were made to return to metallic pay ments. The Bank of England and the country banks suddenly contracted their issues, and the distress in all parts of the country was unparalleled. The Government was alarmed and abandoned their project. The currency was again expanded, and prosperity returned. The years of 1817 and 1818 were years of comparative prospe rity, although the price of corn rose to nearly 90s. This encouraged the Minister of the day again to bring forward the proposition to resume cash payments. and the late Sir R. Peel, who had been previously an advocate of paper money, became chairman of the Bullion Committee, and introduced the act of 1819, the source of woes innume rable to this country. More deaths had been caused, more hearts broken, more suicides committed, more deso lation spread through families by the act of 1819 than by the most sanguinary edicts of the most bloody emperors of Rome. (Cheers.) In the January of that year there was boundless properity ; in November dissatisfaction, tumult, and rebellion. At the very hour of the birth of that act, its condemnation hovered over its cradle. Of this state of things it is important to give evidence, and we possess it in speeches from the throne to Parliament. In January, 1819, on opening the session, the royal speech contains these words : " The Prince Regent has the greatest satisfaction in being able to inform you that the trade, commerce, and manufactures of the country are in the most flourishing condition. " The fatal mea sure was passed in June, 1819, amidst the insensate acclamations of Parliament, and in November the whole country was in a state of insurrection. At this unusual period of the year Parliament assembled, and the royal speech was to the following effect :—" I have observed with great concern the attempts made in some of the ma nufacturing districts to take advantage of local distress to excite disaffection to the institutions and Government of the country. A spirit is now fully manifested utterly hos tile to the constitution of this kingdom, and aiming not only at the change of those political institutions which have hitherto constituted the pride and security of this country, but at the subversion of the rights of property, and of all order in society." Such were the immediate effects of this spoliating legislation, and it is remarkable that this speech of the Prince Regent was framed by the very Government whose ACT had caused all the danger that threatened the existence of the monarchy. They were utterly blind to the consequences of their own folly. When we meditate on these events we cease to wonder at the strong language of the late Lord Wharncliffe, who is reported, in the Bankers' Circular of 23rd July, 1847,' to have said, " Peel's system must be destroyed by violence." The Government again became alarmed, and, in 1822, Lord Castlereagh's Small Note Act was passed, which again expanded the currency, and general prosperity was restored. In 1825 every working man in the country was employed at remunerative wages. Prices rose to the taxation level ; but as the law tied gold down to the barter lovel, which excludes taxation, gold was the cheapest article in the market. The foreigner sold us his goods at our high prices, but would not buy our goods at their high prices; he took away our gold, and then we were deprived of our legal tender. The consequence was the dreadful panic of 1825, which involved a loss of property equal to the amount of the national debt. Mr. Huskisson declared that the " country was within twenty-four hours of barter," and recommended the Bank of England to post a notice on its doors, stating that they would pay gold for their notes in the following week. That establishment was only saved from bankruptcy and the country from revolution, by the lucky discovery of a box containing a million of the dis pised one pound notes, which were forced into circulation. The next historical epochs were the panics of 1847 and 1839 ; in the last named year, the Manchester Chamber of Commerce published their celebrated report, in which they declared that the losses of Manchester, owing to a forced contraction of the currency and a consequent re duction in the value of all merchandise, amounted to the enormous sum of forty millions sterling. The lecturer then described the provisions of the cxmplement act of 1844, which, based on the assumption that a pound ster ling 84:sifted 123 grains of gold, contradicted itself by authorksing the issueof thirty-one millions of inconvertible notes,. without the guarantee of a single grain of gold. Tile.panic of 1847 was next discussed, and it was shown tALkt it was caused while the foreign exchangc were in as be being re an internal . s t l h d e r ain drainto payof bullion wg es nfrdo the e b urly _ • ful works. This important fact should teach the Wi t ing classes that their real enemy was bullionisin .-Vred excellent chairman, in a very noble spirit, had d e c d , be that if the act of 1844 had not been suspend ,500 would have been compelled to dismiss 1200 or men, and others would have been under the saute oen".,,' coulda l n t o h t o u g g e al h t tenderme h f ;lot the banks r o p t e o r ti n a ; to pay his wages. This avowal was most important ° , te n , confirmed the principles he was advocating, and c 1 ; 1 ,1, from a gentleman of Mr. Holme's high standing in e°,9l to large experience, and ample fortune, it could nodslaw. produce a profound impression on all whose m .1;"; not barred and bolted against the reception of truth. confession reflected the highest honour on the patriogw ra and manliness of the worthy chairman, as too Illaul iee j, false pride concealed their real circumstances; and in" _.. e thit so many were under the thumb of the banks, but a man of undoubted wealth would dare to raake o avowal, for which the thanks of the working classes Wed due to Mr. Holme. (Hear, hear.) Mr. Duncan reiter,a, the argument which, in his previous lectures here, bag adduced to show the advantage which our prese nt ta ro tary system affords to the foreigner of selling his Prfl be r here, abstracting the gold, and then bi inging it 1 ° 1 ,...,4 only when he can buy our goods at 50 per cent. below 0 "1:, price. He gave the following illustration of the cheaP r to recommended by free traders :—Supposing the lab / 4 to be represented:by 4, and the tax by 2, the price 0ue.....0 be 6. The free. trader says, " Let us have cheapoe,o Well, suppose what ought to sell for 6 the free.tr s7 ref cut down to 5 ; whence is the 1 deducted ? From representing labour, or the 2 representing the taxation • out of the latter, lam satisfied, because that will show ` ta . :, ation to be reduced 50 per cent.; but if out of the 4 reklre, senting labour, I am not, because that cheapness in lat ter a reduction of the wages of labour 25 per cent. / Th is of kind of cheapness was the curse of the babouring classeso this country. The fundholders were the only clas s w e it rejoiced in this kind of cheapness. The lecturer 001 glanced at another monstrous fallacy which he had h jr; that millions Liverpool—namely, p ßo o fs o n l —k unemployedo n f a thatm E e n l g y l , anndo, t fe t os h r. e i n b ßs a were t n ua k tn s leeet, ibt s bd f full of or that this plenty of money was in the hands of bankeL bill-brokers, and usurers. This-description of plenty ;v akin to apoplexy in the body natural—all the blood 188'7_0 the head ; but the plenty of money that was healthful 70 that whic existed in the tills of the shopkeepers Ir a° , t heir increased number of customers coming to spend money with them. (Cheers.) " Money," sa id ° le Bacon, " was like muck or manure—valueless to the eel he unless it is spread." Mr. Duncan further said, ° at oll present was a false prosperity, and that thousands of 05 , of reputed wealth in Liverpool, if called upon to Pal 0 . in the pound, would find it very difficult indeed to de to The last fallacy to which he alluded, before proceedilett another branch of the subject, was one of Sir 11 . ° ,.,. f . Peel's, that the disastrous panic of 1B47 • justified us" " o r It was said, if a man had cotton, or calico, or coal, he could make any profit which the market w, be afford, and why not a man make as much profit _ a n 'eot could of money ? Plausible enough.;. but m e o e n igu e hn y td w e°l. 7 l.3llt iat il lf like any other article in the market. There wa k e n t - tbers which limited cotton, calico, or iron in amount; e a ',; n ey were two acts of parliament which did thus limit lip, — We and, therefore, we had no right to charge any could get for money on the same ground as for coral• te 01 ties. In fact, our merchants had to pay a high re b j t foe its s te a rret s ioiel it interest, not sfeoarrtehey. l. Duncan then all legitinz r ateuseof t lefal tenuddeerd, the to o l repeal of the Navigation Laws, which he de nnu but as a most disastrous and anti-national tneasa k t :' „ ; n tife be could not recommend their revival as a sia"e our measure, as that would endanger the possession,%ede colonies. and certainly lead to the annexation of "4 be to the United States. However, our shipping be done preserved, and the problem was how that could he ht to without injury to our colonists, who bad a r i g the say, " you have thrown open the British markets te a t he competition of the whole world • you have tower you value of Canadian flour and of West Indian sug en t o therefore cannot, without flagrant injustice, depriveeheip any compensating advantage we may gain frotp s siff freights." To reconcile these difficulties, it is nea EdO cS to take a comprehensive view of our position, ana,.., bail° from it a future course of policy which may ag 9 ,'" „ up the delapidated British empire. Mr. Duncan toe-ofelt folded that course of policy, and as it is perfectly ;020 we shall report it in the first person. The United cost' have declared California a portion of the American°, c 1 in consequence of which no British ship, with carg • e ; sail from any port in the United States to Califor°,loeiro propose, therefore, that British India and all our CI ore' be declared coasts of the United Kingdom of Gre i f? te 00 tain and Ireland, which will enable us to reta r d our brother Jonathan dodge for dodge. Henceforre,ar 0011 colonies must be treated as transmarine counties' ; separated from us by a broader stream of salt we" . tos that which flows between Birkenhead and LiverP e° 'free I would admit all their produce into this c ount!! tre, of duty, retaining the existing duties on foreigute's 0' duce. In this arrangement I would include th e i t , be' Cbitri, wholly remitting the present duty levied oonnsopi cause every pound of tea consumed leads to the wool tion of five pounds of sugar. In.this mo t r n o nsurfP u i protect and regenerate our colonies, and,as t ° ' ree-' °. o tion of tea and sugar would probably i n crease 0- „ e tb; under this system, I confer an equi va l e nt boon eve, shipping trade and on all artizans and m ec h a nics con, P o por' with it, as the employed tonnage would expand tionately to the three-fold consumption of tea arie r .,: e iell tg , and, having declared our colonies coasts, the would be confined to the British flag. But it iv re; asked, how do I propose to make up the deflciend 00 0 0 , 1 venue which must ensue on abandoning this large 9 / s lit/ of Customs' duties ? In the following manner.,.. to per, assume, in round numbers, the annual amount oilge Bpd taxation at 50 millions. Into Schedule A, I Pl ace of t : 7 lions, to be employed in the current expenditor!jost.; nation, including the army, navy, and ordna nc e S oto and all civil disbursements ; and I place 3 0 , the d il e Schedule B, strictly to be appropriated to Wil l s fon) i t, dends due to the public creditor. I would take, do le to Chancellor of the Exchequer all control over Seueo as is' and vest it in a special Board of Commissioners, f make this department altogether independent,°9 pre terial changes. I would make the national deqo cro:e. plc fixed in the constitution, and as sacred as t" t be r e r o t thus rendering its repudiation as impossible e,,, g o ceel c a• diation of the monarchy. By this plan the ,s, ios ow . e t, of the day would be free from the importuo'" i perc ea dee pidity of the monied power. The voice of th e its ; t he shipowner, and manufacturer would then he i c e e' D oct! weight in Downing-street, instead of theY"cballe; ; bondholding millionaire. The attention of te e d o le A' o lo of the Exchequer would be confined to Sche dole propose to levy the thirty millions transferred to ate v d B in the following manner :—Statisticians ee l 00 0 10 realised property of the United Kingdom at s's to e'd millions sterling. On this I would put a tax r o perl' te. per cent. merely, abolishing the existing P e f c t he income tax, and this would satisfy the demon l i e d t ° o o dule B. All surplus revenue to be annually aPP to I 0% 0 1 liquidation of the principal of the debt. •L e ty relieve the springs of industry by remitting tulionelle,ee of indirect taxation. I therefore outbid th° ' of cog school, who only hope to take off ten coillionsweoeve, and this they only pretend to accomplish In." ou r r e' our naval and military defences, and abandol.Zg e s, to lonies. I offer you a reduction of thirty 1111 " c i e nie; s eg serving the army and navy, and restoring your „,; els t he their ancient prosperity. Unless the propertivose tej are dead to honour and justice, they cannot eP o cars e l o, paltry tax of merely per cent., for the debt was P A to defend property. Moreover, this float'''. a0" 4 ,1 withvp ieerwceepdrai cent. would r a wh o money lesu, theffiwoc suffice nationalld in u a a r f a e nwwt wealth el ta all s years. All o r A o u p lid e i prodigiously increase, even a smaller sum t,h a ,.' he ee n "ief would be employed, and, baying an easy cooldefee the necessaries and comforts of life, woul d „, 010 ° institutions of a country based. on auslica,',; s ed e'prei The utilitarian school of political economy is ""s th e degradation of humanity, for it merely calculate ,ohlict' duce, and forgets the producer. But the tilos thee' political economy is based on the eternal rel a t ,ty f e d tbl subsist between GOD and MAN.. Our heave dop tc,,o long before uis creation of the human race , . . to gde e ' d etie earth as our fitting habitation. In the three r,...,10'r nature,—the animal, vegetable, and mine ra e ort e to erl t i us all the raw materials, on which we 1 110 a erelatia', dustry, and froth them extract food, lodging'4o, he - ojer. HE has gifted us with intelligence, and jo ' r ebe pie d P mechanism of the hand,—solid, flexible, ao.„ 0 0 00, we possess an instrument with w hich , ' o f 0 0 e eor; fatgaftt from nn a oocee t danmt e ou:h t rsap h eowares e dnsear. usswf o noon c ti rsG e tarh a onto n hfsdfpue , otf,l rohdedotexhahtdti muches r : mger a bhec c omEt t soooetorttr t r nnehh h s e enseroodhgl. rfri misery a h tobnei ale t dn r :o e dnlp a oe s jd u r anupg r serit e :ni: 8 ,0001 cis; coo:10 0; i 0091:03r: cr i l c ; been unjust to men ; be ca us in e Ast h err e usinf l t o e ie th e .,o7 9 o r an tr eas s td e r i ti b bcea e l t : i t ° o o o ll ; so that the ample materials bestowed s - r prA pot unspeakable benevolence of God cannot be Oa t h I r e sufficient quantities, for who will produce w ..", / r0 ° ,, ° 0 014 distributed ? In the order of nature, ec e ' e ' ll d t" Vivi! consumer and every hand is a producer,.creetPaitley no markets but those which we ourselves 0 00, ne et 0 , has been called the overproduction of,„ c i e stra' - r i really the underproduction of money, tue .Until e ve- of 'O O which produce must be exchanged. a th ipes od el t o woman, and child have more of the ge°_ f o aerP r tr ite d of, than they can consume, the doctrines e' eon d ioei d o and overtrading are sheer bullionist fall t ae l r be the r ; i be t iot conceal the iniquity of the system• a lecoo ° .oo o bog Liverpool to found a new school of politrc.i_ re i a ti tr a t s , or t on this religious and christian view of tl it a i ur es, it e is xi i s n t b yo et u w r een the CREATOR and Ills , cre no bjet ert itf s oo t cn"oevnvinenrtdrwiye was s t e ° theffer offered da to this o t b f aGod greatto t t e n e a r a c • n t ic ex sewo of is o pt ie efro l glorious 0 1 1 1 ;" :shied t sa h it t; make e e t r b e t o set generous this poor brethren, and then it may betrutye,, pe er t o o ,. may justly claim the epithet of " toe.r ri 8, for #l O to her by her poets in the good old titl iive °ors el 1 u a nd s f uel d 111 ° b , i Thetion l w e o et u u ld re b l e as b t a e s d ed up o w n er th d e maxim s of ftwo h at the Conclusion Mr. Duncan was most see ° e eS cheered. Fl"Siti to Id, to On the motion of Mr. Councillor as Mr. BRODRIBR, a vote of thank s was P, a „ ol 4ile" ve r y can, amidst loud applause, which he,a air otta ti 'eoe appropriate address. a to the c h oose A vote of thanks was then Passe it to pi the interesting proceedings were brut* ~,,ecta„e d b le ten o'clock. • rvi e pro'` The hall was nearly filled , by.a t int tory, vilwappeared tot ajq grab 14tecres. A qqi th:,