The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-11-16 00:00:00

FORRIGN (5- COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE• AMERICA. By the French mail steamer Missouri advices have been - received from New York to the 25th ult. The news is not important. General Scott remained in quiet pos session of Mexico, whilst Santa Anna had resigned the presidency, which was conferred on Senor Pena, an emi nent lawyer. Santa Anna was proceeding to operate against the American garrison at Puebla, with a view to restrict their supplies. It was hoped that peace would result from the deliberations of the Mexican Congress, which had been convened. Business was unsettled at New York after the arrival out of the Cambria. Bread stuffs, from the great demand for local consumption and the moderate supplies advanced in price; while cotton fell 1 cent per lb ; and exchange also receded 81 to 91 per cent., being the range of bills per Missouri. The quota tions in the New York market on the 23rd October, (Sa turday,) for Uplands were from Id. to Id. per lb. above those now ruling in Liverpool, being for " middling" 81, " good middling" 81 to 9, and " fair" 91 cents per lb. The purchases were chiefly for exportation. WEST INDIES.—We find in the daily papers a dispatch addressed by Earl Grey to the governor of Jamaica. The Colonial Secretary sets out by alluding to a memorial from the proprietors, merchants, and others connected with the island of Jamaica, in which they represent the difficulties under which they labour, and apply for assistance to be enabled to surmount. them, and then proceed to state that it had long become manifest that in the existing state of affairs in this country, if the cultivation of sugar could not be sustained by free-trade, it could not be sustained at all. It was essential, therefore, to the welfare of all parties, to commence without delay the experiment of bringing the principle of free-trade, by progressive steps into full ac tivity, end maintaining the cultivation of sugar with a re duction and early extinction of the discriminating duties. Earl Grey then proceeds to dwell upon the necessity for the education and industrial training of the negroes, in order to supply the demand for labour. He proposes to relieve colonies from various restrictions, but indicates, in the meanwhile, the main relief to be .he removal of the restriction which prevents the free importation of labour into the colonies. The government, therefore, will per mit, under superintendence, the importation of free ne groes, 13)„ special agreement, forliruited service, from such portions of the African coast as are not directly connected with the odious slave trade. Sir R. Horsford is the new chief-justice of Antigua. The new French loan of two hundred and fifty million francs (ten millions sterling) has been taken by the Roth schilds at 75f. 25c. Marshal Sebastiani has returned to Paris, and resides in the hotel which was the scene of the late Praslin tra gedy. DECLINE OF THE CHOLERA.—The Augsburgh Gazette states, on the authority of letters from Southern Russia, that the ravages of the cholera have very much decreased, and that in some localities it has entirely disappeared. The 30th of October, being the anniversary of the day cm which Luther nailed his ninety-five Articles on the church-door of Wittenburg (1517), and which was the first great step to the Reformation, has just been solemnised at Weimar. Mr. George Fabricius, a German violinist and musical composer, committed suicide a few days ago at Brussels, in consequence or having, from agitation, failed in the re hearsal of a concert which he was to have given at the Theatre- Royal. M. Von Zagazouski, president of the tribunal for poli tical offences at Cracow, was murdered on the 4th instant. He had gone out in the evenin g , attended by an orderly, when he was suddenly fired at by some persons lying in ambush and killed on the spot. AN UNLUCKY MISTAKE.—The Marshal of the Russian nobility, Von Whitebsk von Cechanowiek, a nobleman well known by his extensive travels in Europe and the East, was lately shot by a gamekeeper, who mistook him for a wild Least, on account of ,iis head covering. The dying man fully exculpated the innocent author of his death. The town of Weimar has purchased the house of Schil ler. It is now about to he restored, and the rooms to be adorned with furniture of the same description as that which was to be found there when the great man inha bited them. His room will be adorned with the same paper. A museum will be formed in the house, in which will be placed all Schiller's works, and all writings and objects which are in any way connected wit his memory. THE GORLITZ MURDER.—A letter from Darmstadt an nounces the arrest of a servant of Count Giirlitz, who was also in the service of the unfortunate Countess, who, it will be remembered, was found burnt to death, and of whose murder the Count was accused. The servant is ac cused of attempting to poison the Count. Some soup served up to the Count's table having a curious colour, it excited suspicion, and on baing analysed was found to con tain a strong dose of poison. The father of the servant has also been arrested. ROMAN CATHOLIC PROCESSION.— Galignani relates that the city of Cambray has just been the theatre of a -procession, the like of which has probably not been seen for a long time in any town. It consisted of the trium phal entry of Cardinal Giraud on his return to his archie -piscopal seat. Three triumphal arches were erected on `the passage of the cortege, which passed amidst the ring ing of bells and the roaring of artillery. On his entrance -to the cathedral, his eminence chanted a Te Deunz, which was repeated by 500 or 600 priests. In the evening there was an illumination and a display of fireworks. BELGIUM.—The ordinary session of the Belgian Cham bers was opened on Tuesday by the King in person. The speech from the throne, amongst other matters, stated that " the efforts of government were directed towards procurinc , external outlets for commerce. Pecuniary ad vances from government would be required in order to - finicb ,alhvisy .CuatillS and the double lines of rail, a s well as to complete the materiel of transport, and to finally close the account of the expenses of the first esta bliF:.unent. The Legislature would have to vote measures necessary for perfecting and completing the organisation -of public instruction.' SUICIDE OF TIIF. COUNT GoaIER.—A letter from Au ' Bernick (Pas de Calais) brings an account of Count Gomer 'having committed suicide. After his condemnation, the Count was in a state of great excitement—so much so that his family deemed it necessary to cause a domestic to accompany him in his excursions. On Monday he was out shooting in the wood in which the affair occurred, :when he made some pretext to leave the domestic for a few minutes, and retired behind a clump of trees. Shortly after an explosion was heard, and, on hastening to the . spot, the domestic found his master lying on the ground, weltering in his blood, and quite dead. The count had discharged his gun near his heart, causing instantaneous death. The Procureur du Roi had appealed against the sentence on the Count de Gomer, as not being sufficiently severe. GRADUAL RISE OF NEWFOUNDLAND AMITE THE SEA. —lt is a fact worthy of notice, that the whole of the land in and about the neighbourhood of Conception Bay, very probably the whole island, is rising out of the ocean at a rate which promises, at no very distant day, materially to affect, if not to render useless, many of the best harbours we have now on the coast. At Port de Grave a series of observations have been made, which undeniably prove the rapid displacement of the sea-level in the vicinity. Se- veral large flat rocks over which schooners might pass some 30 or 40 years ago with the greatest facility, are now approaching the surface, the water being scarcely naviga ble for a skiff. At a place called the Cosh, at the head of Bay Roberts, upwards of a mile from the sea-shore, and at several feet above its level, covered with five or six feet of vegetable mould, there is a perfect beach, the stones being rounded, of a moderate size, and in all respects similar to those now found in the adjacent land washes.— Nevfoundland Times. DREADFUL OCCURRENCES. — The Paris journals of Wednesday convey the details of two horrible occurrences. The first, that Count Bresson, peer of France, and am bassador of France at Naples (by whom, when ambassa dor at Madrid, the Montpensier marriage was brought about) committed suicide by cutting his throat on the 2d instant. In carrying through the Montpensier intrigue, and accomplishing the double marriage of the two royal sisters, Count Bresson probably imagined that he had erected an edifice of honour; but, alas ! his hopes were based in iniquity. and are justly frustrated.—The second event is an attempt made by Count Mortier, peer of France, in a fit of insanity, to murder two of his children and to commit suicide with a razor. The Count was found in his study, with his children about him, and the razors upon the table ; and it appears that, instead of at tempting to kill them without their knowledge he had en deavoured to persuade them to consent to die along with him, He was in the midst of an altercation with them when the authorities entered. He was immediately al.• rested and placed in a lunatic asylum. HORRID BUTCHERY. — The origin of the recent distur bances in New Zealand is said to have been as follows : A midshipman of her Majesty's ship Calliope, by accident, shot a native through the head with a pistol. We assume this view of the case to be correct on Governor Grey's authority, as he is not a man likely to falsify facts, and must be well aware of the real history of the calamitous occurrence. The natives, however, would not suffer themselves to be convinced that the injury was inflicted by accident. They either did, or were determined to believe, that their countryman had been deliberately murdered, and swore to take bloody revenge for his death. Now, it so happened that at about five miles' distance from Petre, in the district of Wanganui, a Mr. Gilfillan resided with his family, in a lonely farm-house. On the evening of the 18th of April, Mr. Gilfillan, who bad been into town, went to his stockyard to see that all was right, and, whilst he was so engaged, observed a party of six natives coming down the hill opposite his 'house. They approached, and entered into conversation -with him. The family were all indoors, with the excep tion of Mr. Gilfillan, who for some time walked up and down in front of his house talking and jesting with the natives. Suddenly he felt a violent blow on the back of his neck, and knew that he was severely wounded. De spite of this, and the number of his opponents, he con trived to make good his way into the house, and barri caded the door. At that moment there were in the house, besides himself, his wife and three children, who were subsequently murdered, as well as three others and an infant, who escaped. Into the sickening details of the butchery it would be unnecessary to enter. Let it be sufficient here to say, that Mr. Gilfillan was persuaded by his wife to make his escape through a window, as they both believed that it was only his life which was aimed at. He did so, and dragged himself, wounded as he was, through the garden and the long fern, and so contrived to reach a station where he might raise an alarm. it was, however, too late. The next day, Monday, the 19th, a policeman despatched to the spot found near the house two children of Mr. Gilfillan's, who told him all the rest of the family were killed. Proceeding a little further, he found the bodies of Mrs. Gilfillan and her three children. They were quite dead. Close to the spot the policeman heard the cry of an infant, and, on entering the stock. yard, he found it, perfectly uninjured, lying in the lap of , a young woman who had been seriously wounded in the head. No traces of the murderers were to be found but A bloody axe which had been thr4Wll Ppcn the ground. IRELAND. .--..-* On Thursday Lord Bernard laid the foundation stone of a new church in the parish of St. Nicholas, Coik. The Roinish bishops of Ireland are about to address the Queen on the state of Ireland. Archbishop Beresford has sold his farm-horses, so as to give more employment to labourers in spade husbandry at Armagh. Sir Edward Borough, one of the guardians of the North Dublin Union, has given notice of a motion for introduc ing work into the workhouse. Hitherto the houses, north and south, have been the repositories for idleness. A petition has been prepared against the return of Mr. Reynolds,. the Repeal M.P. for Dublin. It has been satisfactorily ascertained that upward of 800 of the votes given for that gentleman are those of disqualified parties. APPEARING IN ARMS.—Upwards of twenty persons have been seen lately, at night, on Ballvbritt mountain, Tipperary, all of whom were armed. They were drilling and firing shots. the litenagh Guardian says that while a Mr. Garvey with a party of police was distraining on the lands of Moneygal, King's county, he was fired at and missed, but the policeman on his right received a brace of balls in his body. The wounds are reported dangerous. At the Insolvent Debtors' Court, Dublin, on Saturday, there were no fewer than 101 causes set down on the list for hearing ; and among the number of the, insolvents were nine attorneys, one barrister, one law student, and one physician. The Mayo Constitution states that, on Sunday, the 29th ultimo, as the Rev. Mr. Dill. presbyterian minister, was preaching in the presbyterian school-house of Bally macoula, a party of ruffians, headed by the Rev. Mr. Timlin, P.P., entered the house, and beat and wounded the officiating clergyman and several of the congregation. AN IRISH MARRIAGE.—The following paragraph ap pears in an Irish paper, under the head of " State of the Country :"—" A striking example of an improvident Irish marriage was lately exhibited at Moneygall. A happy couple who were married in the morning were caught stealing hay in the evening to make their nuptial couch." MORE POOR LAW RESIGNATIONS.—Five of the guar dians of the Tipperary Union have resigned office, being unable to carry out the provisions of the Poor Law Act, because of the relieving officers taking the entire respon sibility on themselves, and not giving satisfaction to the landholders. _ THE IRISH FISHERIES.—The Cork papers publish a long account of an interview between Lord Clarendon and a deputation from Skibbereen, the latter being intrusted with a memorial, to be laid before his excellency, setting forth the distress and dismal prospects of the people in that ill-fated district, and complaining, inter alia, of the want of capital to afford employment by improving the rivers, harbours, fisheries, &c. ANOTHER SUNDAY MURDER.—On Sunday week, at Longhorna, near Nenagh, a man named Divett, was bru tally murdered at noonday. It resulted from an attack of six or seven armed men on the house of one Harding, and the urfortnnate victim met his fate by venturing to come to Harding's assistance. Several men were looking on, and had arms in their possession, but offered no resistance to the attack. In Tipperary murder is not confined to the male popu lation. Widow Darmody, who has been twice married, had no family, and was possessed of about three acres of land at Coolgarth, was about getting married a third time, contrary to the wishes of her friends. On Tuesday night she must have been decoyed out in the fields by her assas sin, under the guise of a friend, as her dead corpse was found about a perch behind her house, her head dreadfully wounded and bruised. NEW POPISH COLLEGE.—Attention was recently.called to a suggestion of the present pope, to the effect that a popish college modelled after the plan of the turbulent in stitution of 'Louvain should be founded in Ireland. The Daily News took alarm at it, and the Times and other papers ridiculed it. Nevertheless, the plan is even now being matured. A Dublin Romish paper states that one of their bishops has subscribed £lO,OOO, and a priest £5OO, towards carrying out the project. Truly we have great need of renewing our Protestant agitation, when Popery is progressing in this way. Had our Protestant leaders but continued the exposures of Romanism, which were so popular a few years since, we should not have seen the antichristian power exhibiting so bold a front as she does at present. _ _ STATE OF IRELAND.—Goverrpent are about to adopt vigorous measures for the repression of the conspiracy' against life and property which has been permitted to hold uncontrolled sway for the last six months. The:Times quotes the following from the Dublin Mail:—" We have reason to believe that an arms' act of an extremely strin gent character is in course of preparation, and will be laid before parliament at as early a period as possible. The suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act is the only measure adequate to the crisis ; and under the wise administration of such a man as Lord Clarendon must not only be pro ductive of the desired good, hut would suffer the least violence to the constitutional administration of justice_ which could be devised for such an emergency as that of Ireland." MELANCHOLY PROSPECT.—An incident took place on Tuesday, in the office of Mr. Murphy (one of the Dublin Masters in Chancery), which strongly illustrates the dis astrous effect of the utter insecurity of life and property in the county of Roscommon, was put up for sale at. £lO,OOO for the first bid, being scarcely one-half of the estimated value of the property. While the same was proceeding, a gentleman got up, and addressing those about him, spoke of the dangerous neighbourhood in which the estate lay, remarking that it was close to the spot where only the night previous Major Mahon fell by the bullet of the assassin. The announcement created a powerful sensation in the office, and a chilling silence of a minute or two succeeded. ThA 1112ster at length inter posed, and having severely reprimanded the speaker for his intrusive observations, ordered the sale to proceed. But it was to no purpose. The blow was struck home ; and after an offer of £2,500, or something like four years purchase, the sale was indefinitely postponed.—Corres pondent of the Times. ORANGE INSTITUTION.—Thursday evening being the one hundred and ninety-seventh anniversary of the birth day of our glorious deliverer King William the Third, the Orange Institution of Dublin, for the first time, publicly commemorated that happy event by a soiree on an exten sive scale in the New Room of the Rotunda, which was tastefully arranged and decorated with the banners of the several lodges. At eight o'clock the brethren arrived, dressed in uniform, wearing the scarfs and badges of the several orders, among whom were a large attendance of the members of the city of Dublin Grand Black Lodge. The ladies in particular seemed as if they had used every effort to enrich the splendour of the scene by the unpa ralleled neatness of their dresses, which were in every re spect richly adorned with orange and blue, &c., indicative of the great interest which they felt in thus displaying their true love for the cause which should be dear to the heart of every sound and independent Protestant. The chair was taken by the county grand master, David Stewart, and the health of the Earl of Enniskillen, g; and master, was responded to by Archdeacon Magee. The Rev. T. D. Gregg also addressed the meeting, and alluded to the inconsistency of the Lord-Lieutenant in styling the popish prelates by the title of lords.—Dublin Herald. THE IRISH NATIONAL EDUCATION SCHEME.—The National system had its commencement when a better day, it was thought, dawned for Ireland, and has had its pro gress during a period in which government was endea vouring to recommend itself by what has been styled a liberal policy towards the mass of the people. Religious disabilities have ceased—profession of the creed of Roma nism has been converted into a recommendation. The race of the proctors is extinct—the church cess collector no longer goes his rounds—the honours and emoluments of corporations have changed hands ; in short, the period has been one of continuous favour to the church of Rome ; and the schools of the National Board, supported by the State, and supporting the great principle of the church of Rome, have increased to the number of 3,637 schools -456,410 pupils. At which side is success ? In the former period more than 4,000 schools, unpensioned, unpatron ised, adopted the Bible for itself. In the second—nearly 4,000 schools are pensioned by the State, on condition that they exclude the Bible. In the year 1824 there were found 3,322 schools in which the Scriptures were not read 6,058 in which they were, and 2443 from which the returns were silent respecting Scripture, and in the great majority of which, it has been said, the Bible was read. Thus, it would appear, that the patronage of the State, and the fa vour of the church of Rome. with the exertions of sixteen years, have been able to add no more than 315 schools to the number avowedly unscriptural in the year 1624. So much for the progress of the schools. As to the state of the country—crime—public opinion—respect for law—loyalty to the crown—attachment or aversion to the British con nexion—it will be time enough, when the National Board describes the improvement, moral and political, which the new system has effected, to compare the gatherings and, tumults before " emancipation" with the monster meet ings for repeal—and to compare the " agrarian disorders" of " twenty years since" with those barbarous exercises of " tenant right," which now shock and disgrace our coun try. In truth, it was a novel experiment, to promote ci vilisation by interdicting Christianity ; and it should oc casion no surprise to see that the experiment has proved a failure.—Dr. O'Sullivan's recent Letter. LAW INTELLIGENCE. The state of the business of the Court of Chancery has at length become such that for two days the Master of the Rolls has not sat for lack of causes. WINTER ASSIZES. — The Hon. Mr. Baron Alderson and the Hon. Mr. Justice Coltman will hold the Winter Assizes for this county, at Liverpool, on Saturday the 11th of December next. _ In the Arches Court, on Thursday, Sir H. J. Fust pro nounced sentence in the case of the Rev. J. K. Craig, minister of St. John the Baptist, at Burley, in the diocese of Winchester, accused of immoral practices. The rev. gentleman is suspended for two years, to produce a certi ficate of good conduct, and to pay £250 costs. The late Justice Bosanquet's will, which is written with his own hand, had to which several codicils are attached, has been proved in London ; and it has been discovered that the testator has failed to word the attestation clauses so as to show that the provisions of the Wills Act had been duly complied with. Affidavits from the witnesses have consequently been required to repair this error, which is said to have b een repeate dl y comm i t t e d b y di s ti ngu i s h e d barristers who have written their own wills. The London Gazette of Tuesday nikht contains a pro clamation announcing that her Majesty in Council was .pleased to declare that the provisions of the International Cqpyright Act (7 and 8 Victoria) shall be extended to the works of all authors, engravers, designers, musical com posers, ac., first published within the kingdom of Kano ver, for he fall terms of privileges of copyright which authors of :looks, engravings, dramatic pieces, and music, natives of the United Kingdom, may enjoy in the king dom of Hanover, until the treaty recently entered into on this pinttpr ; fias been concluded. THE LIVERPOOL STAND COURT AND FASHION. -.- The Queen and the royal family are expected to arrive at Buckingham Palace from Windsor Castle on the 22nd instant, on which day her Majesty *ill hold a privy coun cil, when the speech from the throne. upon the opening of the new parliament, will be determined upon. The court will proceed to Osborne immediately after the ad dresses to her Majesty, in reply to the royal speech, have been presented. On the occasion of the birthday of the Prince of Wales (Tuesday last), the Duchess of Kent went over from Frogmore House to Windsor Castle, and breakfasted with the Queen and Prince Albert. A splendid birthday cake adorned the table. On the top of the cake, upon a crimson cushion, was the crown of the Prince of ? Wales, surmounted by a plume of marabout feathers. Around the base of the cushion were a variety of cornucopias, filled with bouquets of rare flowers from the royal con servatories. At the grand banquet on Tuesday, in Windsor Castle, the Prince of Wales was splendidly attired in the High land costume, wearing the Royal Stuart tartan ; Prince Alfred was dressed in the Victoria tartan, an entirely new plaid from her Majesty's own design. Her Majesty's ship Howe, with the Queen Dowager on board, was placed in some danger in getting out of the Tagus at Lisbon into the Atlantic, on her way to Ma deira. The " rollers" of the sea ran high, the hawsers by which the ship was towed broke, and she drifted to lee ward ; happily, however, the vessel was enabled to ride out the night, and next day proceeded on her voyage. 7HE CHASE. The Cheshire hounds : Wednesday, Wrenbury ; Thurs day, Crew-hall; Saturday, Ravensmoor-windmill—at half past 10. Sir W. W. Wynn's hounds : Wednesday, Queen's Head ; Friday, Farndon ; Saturday, Green Dragon—at half-past 10. POLITICAL MISCELLANY. The Tines says, " indemnity for the suspension' of the Bank Charter is the sole object of the November session." Lord Seymour will propose the Right Hon. Charles Shaw Lefevre as Speaker of the House of Commons, and Mr. Abel Smith will second the motion. The Earl of Yarborough will move, and the Earl of Bessborough second, the address in the Lords. Mr. James Heywood and Mr. A. Shafto Adair will be respectively the mover and seconder:in the Commons. Lord Stanley will give a grand Parliamentary dinner to a large party on the 22nd of the present month, the day previous to the expected delivery of her Majesty's speech in Parliament on opening the session. Lord George Bentinck, M.P., is now on a visit to his noble father, the Duke of Portland, at Welbeck Abbey. He leaves for London on the 17th instant, for the ensuing parliamentary campaign. A Bath radical paper put forth a statement that Lord Ashley had applied to his election committee for £B7, be ing his travelling expenses during the recent contest for that city. His lordship has written to say that the state ment is utterly untrue." In the city of York, where the municipal elections were endeavoured to be made a political matter by the Radicals, the elections terminated in the total defeat of the Whig_ Radical faction, and the return of the twelve candidates supported by the Conservatives. The Conservatives carried every ward. The Radicals were utterly routed — they lost every seat. BARON ROTHSCHILD.—The friends of the Church will learn with gratitude and approval, that all attempts to nn- Christianise the House of Commons will find no sanction in the noble leader of the Conservative party ; and it is hardly possible to conceive that the followers of that lea der will be less sensible of the obligations due to the reli gion we profess, and the holy Church to which we belong. —Herald. TURNPIKE GATES.—A deputation of gentlemen, headed by the Duke of Richmond, lately waited on Sir G. Grey, praying the Government to entertain the subject of the turnpike gates, and the consolidation of turnpike roads with the highways. Sir G. Grey replied that it was the intention of Government is ask, during the next session of Parliament, for a committee to take the subject into consideration ; and that the Government were of opinion the turnpike, roads ought to be consolidated with the highways. POLITICAL DUPLICITY OF POPE PIUS THE NINTH. — We call attention to the Pope's encyclical letter, in which, whilst adoring the Virgin Mary as our advocate," " our surest hope," and " sweetest reliance," he anathematises Bible societies with the same rancour which animated his predecessors. We have alse observed, that while he pub lishes a general amnesty for political offenders, there is a fearful and ominous omission of all pardon for spiritual offenders. Down to this time the dungeons of St. Angelo and the prisons of the inquisition are filled with the vic tims of the Papacy. For them no pardon is promised— for them no Tay of hope gilds the gloom of their grated cells. OUR PRESENT COMMERCIAL POLlCY.—During the five years from 1815 to 1819, our exports exceeded our im ports by £27,837,415. In the following five years there was an excess of exports over imports of £6,639,901, whilst during the next five years ending in 1846, there was a balance against England by our imports exceeding the exports £35,677,941. Thus has the balance between England and the United States been reversed under the policy of Peel, and with results which are before us. While no less than thirty-eight English houses, some of them among the greatest of the magnificent mercantile structures of England, have failed within the brief space of two months, but one American firm—that of Prime, Ward, and Co., New York—has stopped payment, and even that, it has been said, but temporarily. Such are the natural fruits of a policy which is pouring the bullion of Engiand into America. The Gazette of Tuesday evening contains the royal pro clamation for the further prorogation of Parliament from Thursday, the 11th, to Thursday, the 18th instant, then to assemble for the despatch of urgent and important affairs. In the House of Lords on that day, the business will be limited to the peers present taking the oaths and signing the Parliamentary roll ; in the House of Commons, to that of the election of Speaker, when, it is understood, the,. Right Hon. Charles Shaw Lefevre, member for North Hants, will be re-elected without opposition. On Friday, the members of the House of Commons, preceded by their Speaker, will attend the House of Lords to hear her Majesty's approbation of the right honourable gentleman's appointment signified by the Lord Chancellor; and the interval between that day and Tuesday, when the royal speech will be delivered, will be occupied in either. House by administering the usual oaths, and the signing of the Parliamentary rolls. THE BATH BRIO K.—Mr. Roebuck having been swamped in the troubled waters of the Bate election, has been honoured by a tribute from his supporters. It is emble matical of the gentleman it is presented to, being an oak cabinet, very much carved—expressive at once of hard ness and ruggedness ; with 500 guineas inside of it—ex pressive of Mr. Roebuck's sterling qualities and , true mettle. He has, it is true, had the art of making truth eminently disagreeable. lie has occasionally paraded the goddess, like the Lady Godiva, in a state of nudity, which shocked the decorous House of Commons. The water from the well in which that lady resides is, unfortunately, bitter; and Mr. Roebuck had the mania of insisting on everybody's drinking it, without the usual emollient ad ditions of milk of human kindness and sugar of courtesy. Still, Mr. Roebuck's seat in St. Stephen's is empty, and the " stricken dear who has left the herd," though apt to butt, was a hart royal, and deserved a better fate than to be pulled down by the Bath chaps. We are glad they have shown some sense of his merits, even after the testi monial fashion.—Pus:ch. JEWS IN PAILLIAMENT.—Professor Maurice, in an ar ticle in Fraser'B Magazine for the present month, argues for the admission of Jews to Parliament,, on the subtle distinction between Christianity and a belief in Christia nity. He allows that Christianity is the foundation of ci vil society ; but it would continue to be so, he says, though every believer in it should have ceased to exist; the truth is true, whatever our faith may be. All our belief, and all the confessions of it which we exact, cannot, in the very least degree, alter the reality, the permanent eternal object of belief." To this the London Guardian point edly replies as follows :—" To us this seems a very insuf ficient reason for an act which is designed formally to un- Christianise the State. No one has contended that our faith, or the profession of it, can have any effect upon its object. But, it may have a very great influence on its professors ; it may be a duty, and the absence of it a crime. We declare our belief in Christianity, not in order to make it true, or prove it true ; but because (since it is true) we should be committing a sin if we withheld the declaration. If it were not so, martyrdom must be a very foolish dis play of obstinacy, and the maintenance of orthodox opi nions most unnecessary trifling. Mr. Maurice's argument for abolishing the public profession of Christianity seems to us not unlike the apology of a traitor, who should plead in justification of his treason, that the real validity of his sovereign's title was not thereby affected. Our na tional homage is due to the Truth, and to Him in whom alone it exists. Ours will be the loss and the crime, if we cease to pay it. Not that we render it duly now : not that our present practice is consistent. Still, it is some thing ; if it is not adequate to our theory, at least it is better than the denial of that theory." Mr. Maurice is the Boyle lecturer at Oxford. WEST INDIA ASSOCIATION.—A meeting of this asso ciation was held in London on Thursday to take into con sideration a 'memorial to • Lord John Russell upon the state of our West India colonies, and propose measures for their immediate relief. The memorial, which had been drawn up by a committee specially appointed for that purpose, was, after a lengthened and interesting dis cussion, accepted, and will he immediately forwarded to the Premier. After stating it to be the sincere belief of the association that the late admission of slave-grown sugar had increased the horrors of the slave trade, aug mented the value of property in the Brazils and Cuba, and diminished that of our cwn colonies ;proofs of which are daily furnished in the reports from the African blockading squadron, from the Brazils, and from the West ,Indies.) the memorialists express a hope that the present ministry, all of whom have at different times declared their abhor rence of slavery and the slave trade, would take into care ful consideration the effects of the late introduction of slave-grown sugars into free competition with those of our own colonies. The memorialists further express no desire to interfere with the declared free trade measures of the government, but hope that upon principles of a higher nature than political economy the ministry will be induced to lower the duties upon free sugars, equalise those upon our colonial produce with those in the mother country, and, by immigration and other means, afford the suffering colonies every assistance which they may with justice claim. The memorial was so' worded as to cm_ bine the various votes of the most conflicting parties, whether free traders or protectionists, and was numerously and powerfully supported. The association, newly formed, includes among its members individuals of all parties, en deavouring to unite for the preservation of our colonies, and the destruction of the slave trade. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL NEWS. -.- The Earl of Ellesmere has been unanimously re-elected Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen. The weekly organ of the Tractarian party seriously sug gests that incumbents engaging curates should stipulate for a certain number of months notice of any intended secession to Rome. The Hull Advertiser seriously and warmly contends for the promotion of the Rev. James Aspinall to the Archbishopric of York. We think our contemporary, notwithstanding his eloquence, will fail in inducing the government to act on his recommendation. The Rev. Benjamin Strettell Clarke, curate of Christ Church, Liverpool, and nephew of the Hon. Judge Jack son, of Sutton-house, Howth, county Dublin, has been promoted to the incumbency of Thorp-hesley, West Riding of Yorkshire. EDINBURGH HEBREW CHAIR.—The Lord Ordinary has refused to grant interdict against the induction of the Professor elect. Should he be installed, it is understood that the Presbytery will raise an action against the Town Council. The Earl of Digby has given a donation of £2500 to wards the necessary repair and restoration of the ancient abbey church at Sherborne, Dorset. The venerable fabric was founded in 704, and it is computed that £5OOO will be required for its restoration. Four new churches have just been consecrated in the diocese of Ripon—one at Hull—another at Manstone, a colliery district—a third at Wyke, near Bradford—and a fourth at Little Holbeck, near Leeds. The latter is to be built at the cost of J. G. Marshall, Esq., M.P. for Leeds. The Morning Chronicle says that Dr. Maltby, Bishop of Durham, is likely to be promoted to the archbishopric of York ; but we do not think it likely, as the revenues of Durham are considerably greater than those of York, though, of course, additional honour would be conferred by the translation. THE DEATH OF THE REV. ALEXANDER STEWART.— Intelligence was received in Edinburgh, on Sunday, of the death of the Rev. Alexander Stewart, of Cromarty, who had received a call to succeed the Rev. Dr. Candlish, in St. George's Free Church, Edinburgh. The rev. gentle man died of brain fever, supposed to have been excited by the prospect of translation. His congregation in Cro marty having been deeply attached to him, there was every reason to anticipate their opposition to his translation. THE BISHOP OF MANCHESTER A PEER.—By the death of the Archbishop of York the new Bishop of Manchester will at once probably attain a seat in the House of Lords. The Bishops of London, Durham, and Winchester are the only bishops who have an absolute right to a seat in the upper house, and if the present Bishop of Chester (as is likely) be elevated to the archiepiscopal seat of York, or indeed any of the other bishops, except the above, the successor of either of these parties will be considered only a junior upon the episcopal bench, and will have to wait his turn for a seat in the lords. THE Scorrisx CHURCH.—A movement is in progress in the Scottish Episcopalian Church which deserves serious consideration. About five years ago, the Rev. Mr. Dru mmond, of Edinburgh, was rebuked by his diocesan, Bishop Terrot, for holding religious meetings composed of his own congregation, at which he did not use the Scottish liturgy, or any other liturgy, and which, therefore, the bishop declared to be uncanonical. Mr. Drummond per sisted ; and, after an unpleasant dispute, Mr. Drummond and a large number of bis fellow-clergymen renounced the authority of the Scottish bishops toto ccelo, and vir tually separated from the communion of the Scottish Episcopalian Church. The separatist party have expressed a strong desire to place themselves in actual communica tion with the English Church, and to occupy the same position in Scotland as the Church of England in the colonies. A movement is now in progress with this ob ject in view—a committee has been appointed to carry out the scheme ; and we have no doubt that application will be promptly made to parliament with the view of pro curing a legi lative warrant for carrying it fully into effect. THE LATE PERVERSION.—The late Rev. W. J. G. Bennett, perpetual curate of St. Paul's, London, has published an address to his congregation on the subject of the late secession' of one of his curates to popery, in which he says,—" Whereas, Mr. Alexander Chirol, late assistant curate of this parish, having joined certain schismatics and sectarians, generally called Romanists, and being thereby ipso facto deprived for the present of all the spi rituil functions of holy orders, and excommunicated from the Church of England; and whereas the said Mr. Alex ander Chirol has been circulating letters, and otherwise tampering with the faith of certain of the parishioners, endeavouring to induce them to join him in his sinful act of schism and apostacy, it is my duty, as the parish priest, to warn the parishioners and all other faithful members of the Church ; and they are hereby warned ; against holding any intercourse by letter, speech, or otherwise, in spiritual matters, with the said Mr. Alexander Chirol, until such time as he may be restored to the Communion of the Church. The rule of Holy Scripture and the Church is, that the faithful should not hold communion with schis matics and apostates." Mr. Bennett also announces his intention of delivering a lecture "on the peculiar features of the Church of England, as opposed to dissent, and the schismatic Communion of Rome, called forth by the con duct or the late curate." THE BISHOP OF MANCHESTER.—A surgeon, of the name of Gutteridge, residing in Birmingham, has openly charged the newly-appointed Bishop of Manchester with immorality, and the matter, for the last few days, has been the subject of discussion in the Manchester papers. Mr. Gutteridge says his object is simply to have the truth of his charges tested before a jury. Another writer is the Rev. J. Molesworth, who says that in his view, the ceremony of consecration ought not, for the sake of the church, to take place, till the matter has been fairly brought to trial—this, the rev. gentlemen says, without in the slightest degree prejudging the case. It seems that a meeting on the subject has been held in Bir mingham, at which there was a decision in favour of the Rev. Mr. Lee, but Mr. Gutteridge says he has also had other and larger meetings in his favour. Mr. Lee has written to Dr. Molcsworth, condemning strongly his in terference, and announcing that he has laid the published charges against him before the law officers of the crown, and expresses his determination to abide by their advice. This advice is, that they (Sir J. Jervis, Sir D. Dundas, and Mr. Whateley,) are of opinion that a criminal in formation should be moved for without delay, and they think that the court will make the rule absolute. Mr. Gutteridge will now, therefore, have the opportunity which he has professed to desire, of establishing his charges against Mr. Lee, who appears to have acted with great judgment in the difficult and harassing position in which he has been placed. SHAMEFUL CONDITION OF A CHURCH.—On Sunday week the Rev. Dr. Croly, rector of St. Stephen's, Wal brook, took occasion to allude to the state of the parish church in the following powerful words You may easily imagine with what feelings I look round this church. When I see its shattered casements ; its panes actually boarded; its stained cupola; its vaults sending up their vapours ; its roof letting in the rain ; its walls showing the track of the shower ; and the floor heaved up as if the church had been shaken by an earthquake,—l cannot help feeling the utmost regret at the sufferance, and the utmost indignation at the cause. But I restrict myself within the walls ; on this subject I speak reluctantly, and _speak no more. But this I must say, in justice to others,. that this condition of things has not been for want of exertion on the part of the principal parishioners. They have given up'their time and their money to the attain ment of its remedy ; they have even undergone the dis comfort of that most comfortless o f all discomforts—a pro tracted litigation. They have already spent five years _, in . the pursuit of the parochial ri ghts, at their personal risk for five years have they gone from court to court, with the case in their hand, making every court resound with strong knocking at the door of law ; for five years have they struggled along that sluggish and unfathomable stream, whose shores are so wide asunder, and on which so many a strong voyager has died on his oar. One glance again recals me to the scene around me. Your own eyes see the condition of the church—that it is repul sive, squalid, and scandalous. Y our e y es can s h ow you its disgrace, but they cannot show you its dilapidation. I am not sure at this moment that there is a sound case ment, or a sound rafter, a safe foot of stone, or a safe inch of timber in the whole fabric. lam not sure that from week to week the fabric itself is secure, or the worshippers under its roof free from danger. Why have those things been ? But on this matter I say no more ; it conies be fore another tribunal. The result of all is, that the pa rish is without a shilling." RAILWAY AFFAIRS. LANCASTER AND PRESTON.—Third-class carriages will run in future with every train on this line. •A body of police, upwards of a thousand strong, has been despatched yid the North-Western line, to the scene of the stoppage of the great railway works. SHEFFIELD AND lIUDDERSFIELD.—This company is amongst those which suspended their works during the monetary pressure. The workmen thrown out of em ployment number upwards of 4,000. It is said that one great railway contractor has more than £7,000,000 of contracts incomplete at this moment ; and although 2,000 have recently been discharged from his employ, he yet pays £50,000 a-week in wages alone. It is said that one great railway contractor has more than £7,000,000 of contracts incomplete at this moment; and, although 2,000 workmen have recently been dis charged from his employ, he yet pays £50,000 a-week in wages alone. A RAILWAY'S PROSPECTS.—At a court of inquiry held at Driffield, last week, to assess the amount of compensa tion to be paid for land at Driffield, required for the Mal ton and Driffield Junction Railway, it was stated by Mr. Atherton, Q.C., that the whole of the traffic between Malton and Driffield had been conveyed on the back of a donkey! DISCHARGE OF RAILWAY LABOURERS.—About 400 railway labourers were discharged from the Stamford and Rugby works near Morcott.on Monday, in consequence of the present alarming state of affairs in the monetary world. Mr. Pickering, the contractor, stated that about 1200 others would be discharged from works in which he is concerned in other parts of the country. On the arrival of a goods train at the Edinburgh Station of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, on Wednesday last, the engine driver discovered that a man, sound asleep, was lying along the buffer beam in front of the engine. The sleeppr was immediately aroused and questioned, when he admitted that he had placed himself on the beam at the Falkirk Station, in order to be conveyed to Linlith gow; but as he was somewhat intoxicated, he had fallen asleep, and had not awoke until aroused by the driver. On Thursday Mr. Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce granted an interim injunction until Thursday next, when the motion will be heard to restrain the North Stafford shire Railway Company from entering upon certain lands and saltworks, at Sandbach, in Cheshire, belonging to the plaintiff, Mr. Barker, on the ground that the notice served upon the plaintiff, under the 85th section of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, with the view of entitling the Company of taking possession without the owners consent., was insufficiot for the purpose. FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.-011 Thursday, a porter at the Tewkesbury station was mounting the break as a train was leaving, when, from some cause, not clearly ascer tained, he got jammed between one of the trucks and the stone archway opening into the street, and was crushed so dreadfully that be died shortly after. CURIOUS SEIZURE.—Last week a first-class carriage was seized at the Chelmsford station in payment of £3l due for poor rates to the parish of Margaretting, from the Eastern Counties Company. The company and the parish authorities have been at variance coil the subject ; and as the appeal to the quarter sessions had been abandoned by the company, the chairman of the bench had issued a warrant for the above proceeding. From official returns it appears that the amount of traf fic for the last week, on upwards of 3.227 miles of railway, was £178,975, thus accounted for :—£82,091 for the con veyance of passengers only, £47,998 for the carriage of goods, and a remainder of £48,886 for passengers and goods together, not respectively apportioned ; being an increase of £25,091 over the corresponding week of last year, when the mileage was about 2525. AMBERGATE RAILWAY.—The directors of the above company have let the contract for making that portion of the line which lies between the junction with Notting ham and Lincoln Railway at Colwick, and their works at Bottesford, a distance of about eleven miles. The con tractors will now be enabled, during the winter, to make preparations for proceeding with the bridge over the Trent, being the heaviest part of the work, early in the ensuing spring. This contract will complete the line between Nottingham and Grantham. THE RAILWAY ACCIDENT AT WINSFORD.—At the inquest at Winsford, the verdict was accidental death. It was proved that the proper signals were given, and that the deceased engineman had been cautioned before leav ing Crewe against proceeding too quickly when getting near Winsford, as the coal train would have to shunt there, and the impression on the minds of the jury ap peared to be, that Blacaburne, seeing the engine of the coal train on the up line, was under the impression that the whole of the coal train was so also, whereas the coal engine was in the act of shunting, and part of the train was on the up line, against which his engine struck. BIRMINGHAM AND OXFORD RAILWAY.-The pro ceedings of the demurrer in this case, brought by agree ment before the Vice-Chancellor, were commenced last week; and have since been continued on Monday, Tu esday, and Wednesday last. Opening arguments for the company are concluded, and the reply for the Great Western is now in progress, having been resumed on Friday. Should the decision be in favour of the Narrow gauge Company, the Great Western will .loose this line ; 'but if the other way they will not gain it, as the decision would only be that the Great Western has a locus standi in the equity courts for " something," and the validity of the agreements of sale will go over for decision on the hearing of the cause and the answers put in by the Nar row-gauge Company. The losing party will appeal to the Lord Chancellor. AN ACUTE TELEGRAPH AGENT.—A station agent of a certain railway, who has likewise the charge of the tele graph, lately received, by means of the latter, news of the Suspension of payment of a bank sixty or seventy miles off, with instructions to communicate the same to its branch office, situate in the quarter to which the message had come. which, of course, was then to suspena payments also. The agent was a 'cute man, however, and he re flected, before doing this, that a small sum which he had lodged in the branch bank before, might be endangered thereby. So, saying nothing to any one, he very coolly walked down to the bank, and having drawn out his little deposit in gold, he handed over the message in writing that he had received per telegraph. We presume, under the circumstances, that the telegraph agent will be consi dered to have acted a very natural part. PREVENTION OF RAILWAY ACCII:PEN4'S. — On Monday, at the monthly meeting of the Liverpool Polytechnic So ciety, the largest audience of the season ever assembled at the Royal Institution to Lear Mr. Spence's highly-inte resting paper " on the active and inactive states of iron," which elicited the warmest applause, and alto the thanks of the hearers. Afterwards, Mr. Henry Hulme, surgeon, of Moss-street, suggested a method for preventing the la mentable effects of collisions on railways. The diagram spewed a couple of strong luggage waggons placed before the engine, heavily weighted with iron, lead, or the like, as freight or with ballast, having between the waggons three or four pairs of strong parenthesis-shaped springs, similar to those used in the Railway Station, Lime-street. Each of the engines being protected in this manner, at whichever end the collision occurred, the shock would be neutralised before it reached the carriages, and materially broken. The weight would also prevent the tendency to leave the line. Self-acting breaks might be attached to the waggons, and the latter might be placed either before the engine or after the last carriage. Mr. Hulme was highly complimented by the society. THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.—The mains and wires are now laid up to the premises in Exchange-buildings, taken for the company's offices. Some temporary delay has, however, occurred in the present tenant obt ining posses sion of the offices to which he is about to remove ; but, until that is accomplished, the telegraph will be worked at Gloucester-street night and day. e communication is now complete between this town and London vid Man chester, from which place the wires extend to f isormanton, where there is a telegraph station ; thence along the North Midland line to Derby, where also there is a telegraph station ; thence by the Midland Counties to Rugby, where there is another telegraph station ; and thence by the London and North-Western line direct to Euston-square, where this and other northern lines of telegraphic com munication are connected with those extending to the south and south-eastern coast. Of these, the principal now open are those having telegraph termini at Dover, at Gosport, and at Southampton. With these ports we, in Liverpool, may now communicate in a few minutes. As the telegraph stations are now open day and night, of course any important intelligence can be transmitted throughout the kingdom with a speed surpassing every need of even this railway age. THE WASP FAMILY. (From Chambers' Journal.) The economy of the wasp family possesses considerable interest, and deserves far more attention than in our hos tile state of feelings towards the race we are already dis posed to believe. It is only necessary that the real cha racter of the tribe should be known, to remove at least the blot of laziness from it. That they are a set of bold, inso lent, daring robbers, no one can deny. The society consists of males, females, and neuters, each having their appropriate functions ; but the males, on the whole, leading the quietest and least arduous lives. The females are the hardworking foundresses of the colo ny, and the neuters are wasps of all work—robbing, fight ing, defending, nursing, and building indifferently, and by tarns. Their history commences most conveniently for our purposes in the spring. At the conclusion of the pre ceding summer. the males, after pairing, all died, and there remained but a few females behind of all the busy ranks which crowded the vespiary. These arc awakened by the return of spring. The solitary wasp finds herself imme diately summoned to active duties. She has to construct the carcase, and to excavate the earthwork, for her future she is to be mornings, looking out for rerna h hha h rs bank htoo she u re; effect se i n g i s tf a single load! companion'iipsateeceeaoenrrlslebsaenailinaeozrntnzgideniteo;gcsiilnlar,yob.te:uraeteitsSiuoieniairgllitiolhgteuoehsttitsethhuaneiesns neu j sxyneot t rdmr h eel e er tmb t dai t a otrk o s uyyi k rn e t i cheer e w l here she sets to her work. She perforates it, and forms a a lo s n i g te c . irc l u t i i t s ou so s o t n un f n o e u l n , d ;t out a vault of considerable dimensions. After the labour of excavation is ended, the walls are to be plastered, and to this fresh duty she at once addresses herself. Surely every person has seen the nest of the wasp, and wondered at its exquisite and delicate architecture of celled paper ? Behold the architect ! The nest is really Made of paper : it was for some time a puzzle to our philosophers. Reau mur appears first to have detected the wasp in the very act of this manufacture. He beheld her alight on a deal window-frame ; and watching, saw her tear a bundle of delicate hair-like fibres, about an inch in length, from it, bruising the woody fibre with her mandibles, until it be came like a fine lint.' This is the material from which the papyraceous plaster is to be prepared. She has built the walls of the city, it remains for her to commence the edi fices, and supply the population. She builds a terrace of hexagonal cells, of marvellous exactness, and suspends it by paper pillars from the roof of her texture. These ter races emulate in elegance and artistic skill, and far sur pass in utility, the famous hanging gardens and terraces of the renowned city of old. A few hundred cells are thus constructed, and at length an interval of comparative repose awaits the labourer, while she proceeds to fulfil her more proper duties as a parent. In the cells the insect deposits her ova, gluing them to the walls by an adhesive substance. These are soon hatched, they become larva;, and are for some time, entirely dependent upon their pa rent's exertions for their supply of food. She has to forage for this numerous and voracious progeny, and runs about from cell to cell with the utmost solicitude, while the grubs put forth their mouths, and are fed by her just as the " callow brood" of a bird is fed. Dr. Darwin says he once beheld a curious act of a wasp : it had caught a large fly, and in rising with it into the air, the breeze caught its wings, and nearly wrenched it from the wasp's clutches. The insect immediately alighted, and deliberately sawed off the wings of its victim, when it was able to carry it in safety away. There was some thing nobler than instinct in this action ; nor is it by any means an isolated example of insect sagacity. The mode of government is republican : there is no recognised head, as with the bees ; yet an amount of even military discipline, and the utmost order, are to be found among the subjects. The good of the common wealth seems to be the prevailing object of each insect. If the workers are building, each has its own spot, about an inch square, assigned to it, as the amount of work it is expected to execute. It was an interesting discovery of Mr. Knight, that wasps also have sentinels. These are placed at the entrance of the vespiary ; they run gently in and out of it, and give immediate notice of the approach of danger. One of the most striking facts in the natural history of the Vespidm is the occurrence of an annual massacre in October. Then the vespiary is indeed a scene of horri ble atrocities and profuse carnage. The wasps, whose af fection for their young is generally remarkably strong, seem then to be possessed with frenzied rage against them. They cease to feed their larvae ; " they do worse," angrily writes Reaumur ; " the mothers become implacable mur deresses ; they drag the helpless larvae out of their cells, slay them, and scatter them outside t'le nest, strewing the very earth with thei r d ea d carcasses. Th ere i s no com punction ; the massa cre i s un i versa l." A w i se purpose i s fulfilled by this apparent cruelty. The coming winter would rapidly destroy, by a far more miserable death, all that are killed on this occasion ; and it is a stroke of mercy to terminate their sufferings by a blow. The early frost destroys the murderers themselves. The scene is now in truth altered ; " the populous city has become waste, and without inbabitruts, saving some one or two females, which spend the winter in the depths of the vespiary. Nov. 16, 1847. THE CHOLERA AND THE SANITARY QUESTION. (From the Journal of Public Health.) That dreaded scourge of humanity, the cholera, appears to be sweeping slowly and silently towards the provinces of Western Europe. For some time past, it has ravaged the cities of the East, and is now following a course some what similar to the one it took during the last visitation- Our object, in alluding to thi s su bj ec t, i s no t t o excite alarm in the public mind, but rather to warn government and our local authorities, in order that proper means otal be adopted to avert as far as possilde the danger that threatens us. To be forewarned is to be forearmed in regard to many epidemic diseases ; and however deep that obscurity may be which veils the whole history of this terrible malady, there is one fact which has been esta blished by universal experience, and that is, that cholera is always most virulent in its attacks in those localities where sanitary measures are most neglected. The esta blishment of this fact is one of the fruits of the deal:- bought experience of former years, and any neglect of A appears to us to involve a degree of moral guilt altogether criminal in its amount. The following document, pub lished by the Leeds Board of Health in January, 1833, 13 only one out of the many which might be re-published with advantage at the present time. It was signed by so physicians and thirty-eight surgeons of the town, after the cholera had declined, and states the result of their expe rience as follows : " We whose names are undersigned, are of opinion that the streets in which malignant cholera prevailed most severer! were those in which the drainage was most imperfect, and that the state of the general health of the inhabitants would he greatly improved, and the probability . of a future visitation from such malignant epidemics diminished, by a general and efficient system of drainage, sewerage, and paving, and the enforcement of better regulations as t o th e cleanliness of the street." This deliberate opinion of a large body of enlightened medical practitioners, given with a f u ll k now l e d ge o f the facts of the calamity which had befallen their town, 15 like a voice from the past calling on us to escape by timel9 measures from the evils which overtook them unaware; Will it be listened to ? Will the dictates of reason and humanity be obeyed by those who are in authority' that ill-judged opposition to the most necessary san itary measures be continued until it is too l a t e t o war d o ff the pestilence ? We trust not ;but, on t h e contrary, we would rather hope that the awakening of a better q all to co-operate zeal ous ly i n a d vancin the-p p irit may lea d . ü bli c good' , and should the dest ro y er come upon 1 71 q we shall at lea s t have the satisfaction of h av i ng done otuLZ :o m moi:1 duty. THE OATH OF SUPREMACY. (From the Standard) A case of great delicacy and of no less importance is likely to offer itself at the assembling of Parliament. More than one or two noble lords have expressed their doubts as to the safety of taking the oath of supremacy' in the actual state of the law as illustrated by the practice of the executive. By the oath of supremacy, Protestant peers and Protestant members of the House of Commons are required to swear that " the Pope bath no powerr, authority, jurisdiction or superiority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within these realms." This oath must be swore by every Protestant peer and member of the House of Commons, and, being Protestants, they will of course swear (as by law they are required to do) " according to the common meaning and acceptation of the words without equivocation or mental reservation." Now the question is, can any Protestant unequivocally deny upon his oath that the Pope " has any power, authority, or jurisdiction within this realm ?" While the power of the Pope and his delegates was exercised in' defiance of law and in COw tempt of the authority of the crown, men taking the oath might satisfy th e i r consc i ences b y t h e cons id erat i on, that what is not done lawfully may be regarded as not donee and even this was a plea approaching to casuistry : b a n how can any one so l emn l y swear that the Pope hat I. power, authority, or sup er i or i ty i n th i s realm when "- law recognises his ecclesiasti ca l appointments and the e 5. ecutive admits his titles of nobility ? In the Act con' monly called the Charitable Bequests Act, 7 and 8 Vie' chap. 97, sections 15, 17, and 18, recognise archbishop s and bishops in holy orders of the Church of Rome, 65 such; sec. 2 of the same Act empowers the Queen in council to appoint ten commissioners. This power the Queen exercises by appointing, und er her sign manual, among others Archbishop Murray. as such archbishop (which is plainly an recognition of th e Pope's authority), and places this Archbishop Murray is order of precedence above the Earl of Donoughtilorf' plain recognition of the Pope's superiority. But this d not a mere barren concession, which might be regs% . as a slip in the copyist of the instrument bearing her _± h i s jesty's sign manual, for the Earl of Clarendon exc,abge'he addressing the Romanist bishops as "My Lords,' gi v en Y terms of the Act referred to, and by the precedence lOf to an archbishop of the Pope's creation before an ear the creation of the sovereigns of these coun t r ies. over The activity, as well as the existence of the " tee oi authority, or jurisdiction, and superiority" of th e •-• Rome "in this realm," is further illustrated by the late triumph given to Mr. Archbishop M'Hale in the matter of the provincial colleges. By the• Pope's command, sug— gested by M'llale, Dr. Murray has been compelled t: withdraw from his seat at the Education Board. N o what conscientious man, with these facts before him, can safely swear that the Pope has no power, authority, juris sealonr ourselves, that we oath of supremacy under e t ltu b y rt e i f nw or et e h ci t so a I k nr s i fe p ea e s g the l m srn d I c ao t z i pl u sd n es , 000nenrh circumstances. conscience, he en e sb r i t W ass e U p re re O scr ur ib r e e th ade n r o s that this is not a crotchet of our raising —on the other hand, many noblemen and me m b ers o f th e now lloullice Commons have been for so me ti me meditating upon difficulty with painful anxiety. ARCTIC EXPEDITION OF DR. RAE. (From the Guardian.) Whoever will take the trouble to cast his eye over ITT_ modern map of North America, will see the line of toc_. northern coast distinctly marked out from Behring Strait eastward, to nearly the 90th meridian of west lon gitude. Here the line will begin to fail him. The con: tinuous margin sinks away into broken indications. peninsula, abutting from a blank, a coast line abruptly ceasing, a few traces here and there, at first in hesitating intervals, and finally breaking up into a dotted line, serve to show that we have passed the boundaries of certaint9; and are once more in the regions of the unknown an ° imaginative—the Hyperboreaus of modern g eographY: These are the last strongholds of Fancy, the utinosl fortalices of her invaded territory. Cold, bleak, desolate , and tenantless, they form no inapt emblem of her position in this fact-seeking and investigating age. And even these dreary realms are grudged to her sway; inch 1 )1 inch, before the slow though certain advance of her elle' mies, she has been driven further within the polar c ircle.. Thirty years ago, no map could have presented the coa t . line of which we have already spoken between Behring Straits and the Committee Islands—a line of many hun dred miles. There was, indeed, a vague rumour of the existence of a polar sea and a northern coast. Cooke had gazed into it through Behring's Straits; Hearne and Mackenzie had cherished a hesitating hope that it was indeed the sea which had formed the northern boundary' of their travels. All, howeve r , was yet m i sty an d roman tic. But, in 1817, th e repor t o f a great movement in t h e ice which blocked th e eastern coast of Greenlan d once more set on foot th e l ong-c h er i shed but long-neglected idea of a north-west passage to the Pacific. R o ss, Parry, Franklin, soon b ecame names li tt l e i n f er i or i n notorietf to Baffin, Davis, and H u d son . B e f ore the close of 10 the long line of northern coast, as f ar eastward as th e Castor and Pollux river, and Dease and Simpson's fur' thest point, had become the legitimate property of ota Atlas. Further to the east, however, all was yet uncertain'An interval of about 10 degrees still separated the two boundariet of the known world. Successive expeditionS had thrown a shadowy light over this interval. Larg e , tracts of land were known to exist north of the genet's ) direction of the coast line ; but whether these formed ° peninsula, connected by some narrow isthmus with the main land, or whether they constituted some vast island' or collection of islands—the Australia and Oceania of the northern hemisphere —was a point still open to the die' cussion of theorists and the discovery of navigators. Thst: point has been for ever closed by Dr. Rae's report. 131 a laborious coasting journey, he has placed it beyond e doubt, that Boothia Felix, and consequently North So; merset, and therefore probably the land over agains t Melville Island, compose a vast continent, connect& with the main land of North America by a narrow neck i of land, much in the same way as th a t con ti nen t i s itself connected with its southern complement. A glance at the map will show the importance of this discovery. It closes one possible channel of the n orth' west passage. Two entrances seemed to lie open to th ' e Polar Seas. Davis' Strait conducted through Bainni Bay into Lancaster Sound and Barro w ' s Strait ; thence along Parry's first route to Melville Islam]. There, however, the sea had been found apparently impractica' p t dt e io r nw m gn i terminate es p t ße h oc e to l t a wb b ia o as u o r s ; which the b h y might hue out h ble ; and the latitude being far a b ove th a t of the long line explorers.them o at e r onceAsofua of explored coast, there could be no well-known cape, 11 ° familiar bay to look for, no prospect of a c 3udden junction southerly rewardhemr loyr more tempting route taenmd whether entered from Barrow' s Strait, through Prince Regent's Inlet, or by the more direct though more ditty gerous straits of Hudson, and the Fury and Hecla. w guine minds could not but hope for an open sea connect' ing this gulf with th e s t ra i t d i scovered b y Simpson 933( Dense, in 1839, an d b ear i ng the i r name. D r. R ae ha 5 shown that no such sea exists ; that the gulf and the strait are separated by a barrier of solid land. Such is the general issue of his expedition. Its detail: are as yet scarcely discernible in his brief report. In i f we can see little more than that the usual hardships t_ ) l the northern discoverer were encountered with the usu ° ' manfulness, and vanquished by the usual perseveranef: Nothing, however, of the terrible sufferings of Captai n Franklin's expeditions meets our eye. Through th e provident care and constant watchfulness of their princ":„ pal, the party, though often on short allowance, apPe. ° : seldom to have been actually in distress for food. This' indeed, is sufficiently evinced by the fact that they re' turned to Fort Churchill with eight bags of pemmica n ' and four hundredweight of flour still remaining. The toil and delay of a long voyage round Alelvili c , Peninsula, and through the Fury and Hecla Strait, we; avoided by the classical expedient of dragging the boo', across the isthmus from the innermost cove of Repel sv t Bay. The whole distance was forty miles, but for abo° thirty-five of these their labour was lightened by a survG cession of lakes and rivers, which enabled them to 1 1 _„°' the boats. The arctic sea thus attained, Dr. Rae 1 3 P;' i i ceeded to explore first westwards, and then eastwards , he had succeeded in tracing the whole line of coast vi-lete connects Boothia Felix with the southern shore of the Fury and Hecla Straits. Th e w hol e time employed ' 1 ,4 something more than a year. The expedition left F° 6 Churchill, in Hudson's Bay, on . the sth of July, it" and returned on the 6th of September, 18-17. co , vei 11 0 ti c , Tt Vei an scz Ali Fr he Jai erE tot lar thz Pit 1 , . ,Ie E or hU rif re ai it tl 0 t 1 a s} si in (g th hE di or cc 1)i fc, bc