The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-10-16 00:00:00

SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. 144 each family at 301. a year, which is certainly not half their amount under the present system. There are 40 of us, all anxious to be tidy and economical, and here was a sum of 12001. a year on which we could rely with certainty. We formed a sort of joint-stock com pany, managed by a committee of ourselves. We pur chased an old barn, and fitted it up with long troughs for the washing, immense cauldrons, fed from a tank of soft water, and a large drying closet, with every apparatus of pipe and cistern that could be required. We also turned a portion of the building into a room for the finishing off of finer portions of apparel, with ironing boards, needles, threads, and buttons to sup ply the - place of the lost and broken ; and the expense of all this preliminary stock was about £3OO. In the old arrangement labour is almost the entire ex pense. In a washing, for instance, of a moderately-sized family, amountinc , to what is technically called twenty four dozen (articles, be it understood, not people), the item consists of 15s. for work, and only 3s. 2d. for material— namely t ls. 2d. for soap, 3d. for soda, ls. for starch, and Id. for blue. Now here comes the overwhelming advantages of the economy of labour. Our staff consists of 15 damsels, strapping and tall, at 12s. a week ; a man and horse and cart, for general purposes, we take at 1/. 12s. • materials of all sorts, such as soap, starch, and soda, we put down at 5/. a week ; the coals at 4/. ; and the interest on subscribed capital at 12s. This makes a grand total of 201. 4s. a week, or about 10501. a year. In addition to this we must calculate the salary of a clerk of the washing. book, whom we think of appointing to keep the ac counts and collect the weekly payments ; and this, being liberal, we fix at 75/. But with all this, there is a very satisfactory margin on the original estimate. We shall consider the surplus a fund for repairs and sundries—for machinery will get out of order, troughs will leak, tubes are not perennial, and coals and other materials may rise in price. . . . If, instead of 40 families, we had 80, the proportionate expenditure to each would be still further diminished. But the great principle of the plan is as much proved by 20 as by 100. It is in anybody's power to diminish his wash ing bill by a half, and that without injury to the pre sent race of gin-loving blanchisseuses, for their work is certain and not precarious ; the linen will be more carefully treated, the water mixed with no deleterious ingredients to give an easy whiteness to the collar and front, at the expense of early rottenness and decay ; and, in fact, as I said before, I have no doubt the Rus sian war could be carried on on the savings effected on suds and soda.---Dickens's Household Words. animal has the line of pressure caused by the draught or tractions passing straight along the back-bone, pressing its joints more closely together. After look ing minutely ipto the workinc , of this system, and ob serving the ease with which the cattle drew their loads, chewing their cud as they walked along, I became con vinced that it was the proper mode of yoking oxeli. FARMING IN CHESHIRE.—After More than seven weeks of as fine harvest weather as can well be re membered, the corn and second crops of clover, with but few exceptions, have been secured in the best pos sible'icondition, and the gloomy anticipations of sprouted corn, arising from the fact of the crops generally hav ing been laid to an almost unprecedented extent, have long been dispersed. The wheat crop, however, as was predicted early in July, will prove deficient in yield, as will barley also, but the fulness of the crops may in some measure make up for it, although we can hardly expect an average yield per acre, which after all is the true test of the crops. Oats appear to have been the best crop of the three, and we hear of beans being very productive where they are drilled and the inter vals kept clean by scarifying, hoeing, &c. The rain within the last few days has greatly improved the appearance of mangold wurzel and turnips, and also the pastures, and there is now every prospect of the two former being tolerably fair crops. Winter pota toes, which are now being raised, appear to have less disease than for many years past, and the crop generally is more abundant than it has been of late years, and the quality too is excellent ; perhaps the foregoing remarks will apply 'more strictly to the driest and best potato soils, as occasionally we do hear serious complaints of the disease in some localities. The teams are now busily engaged in preparing the oat lea or other ground for wheat, and on the strong clay land wheat sowing is about commencing. Store pigs are very scarce and dear, owing, it is supposed, to the severity of the late spring, which destroyed many of the young litters. The " pleuro-pneumonia" is not so prevalent as last year, but we are grieved to say it still lingers in some localities to an almost ruinous ex tent to the dairy farmers.—W.P. in Agricultural Gazette, • 0.• n , ..................... -- other weeks at first. Examine plums, or allY th e ! protected by covering occasionally, to see that not spoiling. Where it is intended tom ake a d 9) sl , plantation of fruit trees this season, the gro i u, i be prepared at the earliest convenience, ana arc soil to be used for planting should be thorout4 posed to the action of the weather so as to hace l , mellow state when wanted for use. If not alre a ' l clean and dress strawberry plantations, cleal:110 all useless runners, giving a good dressing' 01, where necessary, but be careful to select that,t thoroughly decayed, and which can be cocerevolot the necessity of digging deep or injuring' th e r o f KITCHEN GARDEN, -The principal crop , should now be kept rather closely earthed ulii: quick lime and soot freely to destroy slugs , o °_,,; l i are troublesome, go over the lines every rr'etir several successive days, and apply qta k 11//1 up the pests.---Gardeners' Chronicle. _____---- ---- FASHIONS. • NOVELTIES are gradually multip weather advances. Bonnets of silk and. ;' to al); hues, and also of velvet, are hegill r ct g r etN, Though straw is by no means abandone O.' of that material are suited to the Pret te a the substitution of trimmings better u"toP ell autumn than the lighter kinds kith e d r oor de e Indeed; no bonnets for ordin ar y Oat. A hy p o more fashionable than those of or of straw of different colours ine'terwiliceloase°; We perceive that the bonnets now i n itllt l; de ss i 7' partition for the winter season are lug orii a trifle deeper than those recently crowns continue to be small. T newest bonnets is very deep, and i s ing t ol ii, i t u , os ll the middle, the depth being great be ' le oft at the sides. Very full trimmings ,xlll be ort ' I . during the winter, and a trimming boOpe.o4i,' brim will be very generally adoptee t e d shape just described has been ree elr it e fio tIA" on the purpose of serving as a model' iria ll3l ` drab-colour gros-de-naples and ' s 0 11 , o s outside with black lace. inarr o ,"° t,P a c es coos,, feather, of the same colour as the b°` — c ri e 0 111. .t, e ,c5 the edge of the brim. The under fi l l ce ll ', 10 of blonde, intermingled with flowel'itiiesall' velvet, and bows and ends of velvet oe" hue. Cloaks will this year be as gener'l643ls-celsl and they are formed of the same 111 ", 5 0eT which obtained favour last winte r " - jast: l silk, cloth, plush, &c. Several opera cloaks of great &Of: 4 o4o'n peared. One is of lemon-colour easre with two bands of white plush, ea e ' l f r 3 :r . wide, and between these are three or fa il- , A tt narrow black velvet. This cloak 1 1 5 :0 1 ,/, 1 . 1 mented with the same trimming• tt" ; wrap, with very wide sleeves, resenbleiof 0 o 1 ( rather than a cloak. It is corapos e brotV rich brown hue, and is splendidly e ll '" „1 111 ' gold braid, in an elaborate pattern, ° I, 1 0. 1 :„‘, border of the depth of three or four ", ( 10" edge of the cloak, the sleeves and the t w 'r,, A fashionable London dressmaker h'*" several large orders from the count 0 commisions already executed, may ',jilts I dress intended for the demi-toilette, Mil; silk. The skirt is trimmed with 11 °,„ ruches of pinked silk: These ru e r s e three and three together, a space intervening between each group, ai'l'oe reaching to just above the knees. , i pel•rt ornamented with ruches. A dress has five flounces, edged with ro ws °. ( l The corsage is trimmed with v elvet, a n ,, e 15, of the same. An evening dress of , T he pr 04 with four flounces, a disposition. floll' „,ce: hue in the barege is pink. The 11, io mented with narrow stripes in w hite s i s ,. i ti c iog sage is in the Louis- Quinze styl e, Th e travers and bows of pink ribbon. fhe formed Newspaper. ofone puff and a double rill. LIVERPOOL : by tl! e s Ve e4 : ' Printed and Published every Tuesday N lol3°,,* Fe rcr I°l°' ROBERT PEARSON THACKER, of 10.400,,, ( 1 6 4 STANDARD GENERAL PRINTINGA oci' GEORGE'S CRESCENT, Liverpool —Tues'"Bl' AGRIOU LTURE. SMUT IN WHEAT.—Our attention was first drawn to the cause of smut in wheat, arising from thick sow ing, three years ago. A neighbouring farmer per mitted us to thin a rod of his wheat by way of experi ment, in the month of March, which was sown at 21 bushels per acre. Three-fourths were taken out, but it did not answer the purpose for which we intended it, viz., it did not branch satisfactorily, as some have from similar proceedings when performed early in au tumn. It did not tiller more than the rest, but was prominent for its dwarfness throughout the summer, and did not lodge as the other, nor hasten to ripen by a week or fortnight. It taught us one other important lesson, however, which we have not forgotten, and now desire to make known—that not one smutty ear could be detected in the whole group, whilst on the main breadth, at least 20 black ones might have been gathered at any part, without moving a foot. The variety was rough , chaffed white, which appears more subject to smut than any other.—Hardy and Son. YOKING OxEN.—A correspondent of the Exeter Gazette says :—ln the general remarks upon conti nental farming, published by Mr. Peter Love, in the 35th number of the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, page 149, I met with the following remarks, which I send to you with the hope that they may in duce some unprejudiced agriculturist to make a trial of the mode here recommended. I was struck with the mode of yoking cattle here, viz., a board about six inches wide and two and a-half feet long, tapering to both ends, where there are hooks similar to those used on - the ends of our swingle trees (2 whippers). This board has padding under it, and is hung to the horns by two straps, whi ch suspend it across the forehead just below the horns. The traces are attached to the hook at the end of each pushing board. Thus the HORTICULTURE. FLOWER GARDEN. —Unless where alterations are in hand the principal work in this department for the present will be mowing and clearing IT of leaves, &c. ; and if anything like neatness is to be maintained, this will require daily attention : also see to getting gravel walks thoroughly cleared of weeds and moss, &c., and roll them frequently when wet, to keep the surface hard and smooth. Continue to afford young stock in pits and frames the most careful attention, and en deavour to get it well rooted and strong without keep ing so close or warm as to render it sappy and liable to fog and damp off on the first approach of winterly weather, as is the case with stock got up in heat late in autumn, and then stored away in cold pits for the winter. Therefore admit air freely to all plants that are sufficiently rooted to bear it without flagging. Newly potted-off things should, however, be placed on a gentle bottom heat, which will impart a little warmth to the soil and encourage the formation of roots, but sufficient air should be given to prevent any thing like weakly growth. Cuttings of calceolarias, scarlet geraniums, &c., may still be put in where the stock is deficient. Scarlet geraniums will root almost anywhere, but calceolarias are not 'quite so accommo dating, as cuttings taken from plants in the open ground are very liable to damp off in heat ; these will be found to do very well, however, in a close pit or frame where there is the means of applying a little warmth when necessary to dispel damp. See to secur ing as many cuttings as possible pf any scarce plants which it may be desirable to incr&se while there is a fair chance of rooting them, and also be prepared to protect scarlet geraniums and other thing's v)hich it may be intended to take up and winter. FRUIT.--Look over fruit remaining out of doors frequently, and gather it as it becomes fit, as if left to get over ripe it will be liable to be blown down and bruised should high winds occur ; also examine that stored in the fruit room frequently, as there will occa sionally be a few decaying fruit found for a few w eek s after housing, and these should be removed as soon as they can be perceived. K eep th e f ru it room coo l an d airy, in order to allow of the escape of the moisture given off by the fruit, which is considerable for a few OcToBER 16, 1851. 1