The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-11-16 00:00:00

FOREIGN 4- COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE• AMERICA. By the French mail steamer Missouri advices have been received from New York to the 25th ult. The news is not important. General Scott remained in quiet pos session of Mexico. whilst Santa Anna had resigned the presidency. which was conferred on Senor Penn, an emi nent lawyer. Santa Anna was proceeding to operate against the American garrison at Puebla, with a view to restrict their supplies. It was hoped that peace would result from the deliberations of the Mexican Congress, which had been convened. Business was unsettled at New York after the arrival out of the Cambria. - Bread stuffs, from the great demand for local consumption and the moderate supplies advanced in price; while cotton fell 1 cent per lb ; and exchange also receded 8?,- to 91 per cent., being the range of bills per Missouri. The quota tions in the New York market on the 23rd October, (Sa turday,) for Uplands were from -/d. to Y. per lb. above those now ruling in Liverpool, being for " middling" SI, " good middling" 81- to 9, and " fair" 9} cents per lb. The purchases were chiefly for exportation. WEST INDIES.—We find in the daily paners a dispatch addressed by Earl Grey to the governor of Jamaica. The Colonial Secretary sets out by alluding to a memorial from the proprietors. merchants, and others connected with the island of Jamaic'e, in which they represent the difficulties under which they labour, and apply for assistance to be enabled to surmount them, and then proceed to state that it bad long become manifest that in the existing state of affairs in this country, if the cultivation of sugar could not be t , ustained by free-trade, it could not he sustained at all. It wa.4 essential. therefore, to the welfare of all parties, to commence witl out delay the experiment of bringing the principle of five-trade, by progressive steps into full ac tivity, and maintaining the cultivation of sugar with a re duction and early extinction of the discriminating duties. Earl Grey then proceeds to dwell upon the necessity for the education and industrial training of the negroes, in order to supply the demand for labour. Ile proposes to relieve colonies from various restrictions, but indicates, in the meanwhile, the mai►► relief to be .he removal of the restriction which prevents the free importation of labour into the colonies. The government, therefore, will per mit, under superintendence, the importation of free ne groes, b: special aareement, for limited service, from such portions 'of the Atrican toa-t as are not directly connected with the odious slave trade. Sir R. Horsford is the new chief-justice of Antigua. The new French loan of two hundred and fifty million francs (ten millions sterling) has been taken by the Roth scl:ilds at 751. 25c. _ _ . Marshal Seliastiani has returned to Paris, and resides in the hotel which was the scene of the late Praslin tra gedy. - DECLINE OF THE CHOLERA. — The Augsbargh Gazelle states, on the authority of letters from tiouthern Russia, that the ravages of the cholera have very much decreased, •and that in some localities it has entirely disappeared. The :30th of October, being the anniversary of the day on which Luther nailed his ninety-five Articles on the church-door o.• Wit teilburg (1517), and which was the first -great sten to the Reformation, has just been solemnised at Weimar. _ . Mr. George Fahricius, a German violinist and musical composer, committed sticide a few days ago at Brussels, in con, rquence of havinz, from agitation, failed in the re hearsal ot' a concert which he was to have given at the Tin , at re- Roy 1. _ _ _ M. Von Zagazouski, president of the tribunal for poli tical offences at Cracow, was murdered on the 4th instant. He had gone out in the evening , attended by an orderly, when he was suddenly fired at by sonic persons lying in ambush and killed on the spot. AN UN LUCKY MISTAKE. - The Marshal of the Russian nobility, Von Whitet,k von Cechatiowiek, a nobleman well known by his extensive travels in Europe and the East, was lately shot by a gamekeeper, who mistook him for a wild Least, on account of ais head coming. The dying man fully exculpated the innocent author of his death. The town of Weimar has purchased the house of Schil ler. It is now about to be restored, and the rooms to be adorned with furnittLe of the same description as that which was to he found there when the great man inha bited them. his room will be adorned with the same paper. A museum will be formed in the house, in which will be placed all Schiller's works, and all writings and objects which are in any way connected witiL his memory. THE GORLITZ MURDER,.—A letter from Darmstadt an nounces the arrest of a servant of Count Gorlitz, who was also in the service of the unfortunate Countess, who, it will be remembered, was found burnt to death, and of whose murder the Count was amused. The servant is ac cused of attempting to poison the Count. Some soup served up to the Count's table having a curious colour, it excited suspicion, and on baing analysM was found to con tain a strong dose of poison. The father of the servant has also been arrested. ROMAN CATHOLIC PROCESSION.—GaIiynani relates that the city of Cambray has just been the theatre of a procession, the like of which has probably not been seen for a long time in any town. It consisted of the trium phal entry of Cardinal Giraud on his return to his archie piscopal scat. Three triumphal arches were erected on the passage of the cortege, which passed amidst the ring ing of bells and the roaring of artillery. On his entrance • to the cathedral, his eminence chanted a 7'e Deurn, which was repeated by 500 or 600 priests. In the evening there was an illumination and a display of fireworks. BELGIUM.—The ordinary session of the Belgian Cham bers was opened on Tuesday by the King in person. The speech from the throne, amongst other matters, stated that " the efforts of governmen't were directed towards procuring external outlets for commerce. Pecuniary ad vances from government would be required in order to finish the railway stations and the double lines of rail, as well as to complete the materiel of transport, and to finally close the account of the expenses of the first esta bli::lment. The Legislature would have to vote measures necessary for perfecting and completing the organisation of Public instruction." SUICIDE. OF THE COUNT GortEß.—A letter from Au dernick (Pas de Calais) brings an account of Count Gomer having committed suicide. After his condemnation, the Count was in a state of great excitement — so much so that his family deemed it necessary to cause a domestic to accompany him in his excursions. On Monday he was out shooting in the wood in which the affair occurred, when he made some pretext to leave the domestic for a - few minutes, and retired behind a clump of trees. .Shortly after an explosion was heard, and, on hastening to the spot, the domestic found his master lying on the ground, weltering in his blood, and quite dead. The count had discharged his gun near his heart, causing instantaneous death. The Procurenr du Roi had appealed against the sentence on the Count de Gamer, as not being sufficiently severe. GRADUAL RISE OF NEWFOUNDLAND ABOVE-THE SEA. —lt is a fact worthy of notice, that the whole of the land in and about the neighbourhood of Conception Bay, very probably the whole island, is rising out of the ocean at a rate which promises, at no very distant day, materially to affect, if not to render useless, many of the best harbours we have now on the coast. At Port de Grave a series of observations have been made, which undeniably prove the rapid displacement of the sea-level in the vicinity. Se veral large flat rocks over which schooners might pass - some 30 or 40 years ago with the greatest facility, are now approaching the surface, the water being scarcely naviga ..ble for a skiff. At a place called the Cosh, at the head of ,Bay Roberts, upwards of a mile from the sea-shore, and .at several feet above its level, covered with five or six feet of vegetable mould, there is a perfect beach, the stones • being rounded, of a moderate size, and in all respects. similar to those now found in the adjacent land washes.-- Neuibundland Times. DREADFUL OCCURRENCES. — The Paris journals of Wednesday convey the details of two horrible occurrences. Tim first, that Count Bresson, peer of France, and am bassador of France at Naples (by whom, when ambassa dor at Madrid, the Montpensier marriage was brought about) committed suicide by cutting his throat on the 24 instant. In carrying through the Montpensier intrigue, and accomplishing the double marriage of the two royal sisters, Count Bresson probably imagined that he had erected -an edifice of honour; but, alas 1 his hopes were based in' iniquity. and are justly frustrated.—The second event is .an attempt made by. Count 3lortier, peer of, France, in a fit of insanity, to murder two of his children and to commit suicide with a razor. The Count was found in his study, with his children about him, and the razors upon.the table ; and it appears that, instead'of at tempting to kill them without their knowledge he had en deavoured to. persuade them to consent to die along with him. He was in the midst of an altercation with them when the authorities entered. He was immediately ar rested and placed in a lunatic asylum. HORRID BUTCRERY. — The origin of the recent distur bances in New Zealand is said to have been as follows A midshipman of her Majesty's ship Calliope, byaccident, shot a native through the head with a pistol. We assume' this view of the case to be correct on Governor Grey's -authority, as he is riot a man likely to falsify facts, and _must be well aware of the real history of the calamitous -occurrence. The natives, however, would 'not suffer .themselves to be convinced that the injury was inflicted _by accident. They either did, or were determined to believe, that. their countryman had been deliberately murdered, and swore to take bloody revenge for his death. Now, it so happened that at about five miles' :distance from Petre, in the district of Wanganui, a Mr. ,Gilfillan resided with his -family, in a lonely farm-house. On the evening of the 18th of April, Mr. Gilfillan, who bad been into town, went to his stockyard to see that all was right, and, whilst he was so engaged, observed a ' party, of six natives coming down the hill opposite his house. They approached, and entered into conversation with him. The family were all .indoors, with the excep tion of Mr. Gilfillan, who for some time walked up and down iu front of his house talkie.. and jesting with the. natives. Suddenly h e f e l t a violent blow on the back of his neck, and knew that he was severely wounded. De spite of this, ,and the number of his opponents, he con trived to make good las way into the house, and barri caded the door. At that moment there-were in the house, besides himself, his wife and three children, who wore •subsequently nmrdered, as well as three others and an 'infant, who escaped. Into the sickening details Of the butchery .it would be unnecessary to enter. Let it be sufficient here to say, that Mr. Gilfillan was persuaded by his wife to make Lis escape through a window, as they both-believed that it-was only his life which was eimetrat. fie .did so, and dragged himself, wounded as he w as; through the garden and the long fern, and so ,contrived to reach a station wherelv! might raise an alarm. It was, however, toe late. The newt day, Monday, the 119th, a policeman despatched to the spot found near the house two children of Mr. Gilfillan's, who told him all the rest of the family were killed. Proceeding a little further, lie found the bodies of Mrs. Gilfillan ,and her three children. They were quite dead. Close to the spot the policeman heard the cry of an infant, and, on entering the stock yard, he found it, perfectly uninjured, jy4tig in the lap c if a young woman who had been seriously wounded in the head. No traces of the murderers we.re ,to be found but 140pdy axe which had beck thrown p . po4 the groqud. IRELAND. -*- On Thursday Lord Bernard laid the foundation stone of a new church in the parish of St. Nicholas, Cork. The Romish bishops of Ireland are about to address the Queen on the state of Ireland. Archbishop Beresford has sold his farm-horses, so as to give more employment to labourers in spade husbandry at Armagh. Sir Edward Borough, one of the guardians of the North Dublin Union, has given notice of a motion for introduc ing work into the workhouse. hitherto the houses, north and south, have been the repositories for idleness. A petition has been prepared against the return of Mr. Reynolds, the Repeal MP. for Dublin. It ' I, een satisfactorily ascertained that upward of 800 the , tes given for that gentleman are those of disqua ed pa APPEARING IN ARMS. — Upvvartis of tw. ty per have been seen lately, at night, on Ballybri , L ounta Tipperary, all of whom were armed. They w drilli a - and firing . shots. • The Nenagh Guardian says that while a Mr. arvey with a party of police was distraining on the !. sOf Moneygal, King's county, be was fired at and the policeman on his right received a brace of balls in Ins body. The wounds are reported dangerous. At the Tnsolvent Debtors' Court., Dublin, on Saturdiy, there were no fewer than 101 causes set down on the list for hearing ; and among the ❑umber of the insolvents were nine attorneys, one barrister, one law student, and one physician. The 'Mayo Constitution states that,, on Sunday, the 29th ultimo, as the Rev. Mr. Dill, presbyterian minister, was preaching in the presbyterian school-house of Bally macoula, a party of ruffians, headed by the Rev. Mr. Timlin, P.P., entered the house, and beat and wounded the officiating clergyman and several of the congregation. AN IRISH MARRIAGE.—The following paragraph ap pears in an Irish paper, under the head of " State of tle Country :"—" A striking example of an improvident Irish marriage was lately exhibited at Moneygall. A happy couple who were married in the morning were caught stealing hay in the evening to make their nuptial couch." MORE POOR LAW RESIGNATIONS.—Five of the guar dians of the Tipperary Union have resigned office, being unable to carry otit the provisions of the Poor Law Act, because of .the relieving officers taking the entire respon sibility on themselves, and not giving satisfaction to the landholders. THE IRISH FISHERIES.—The Cork papers Publish a long account of an interview between Lord Clarepdon and a deputation from Skibbereen, the latter being mtrusted with a memorial, to be laid before his excellency, settirg forth the distress and dismal prospects of the ptople in. that ill-fated district, and complaining, inter alia, of the want of capital to afford employment by improving the rivers, harbours, fisheries, &c. ANOTUER SUNDAY MURDER.—On Sunday week, at Longhorna. near Nenagh, a roan named Divett, was bru tally murdered at noonday. It resulted from an attack of six or seven armed men on the house of one Harding, and the nofortunate victim met his fate by venturing to come to Harding's assistance. Several men were looking on, and had arms in their possession, but offered no resistance to the attack. In Tipp4 , rary murder is not confined to the male popu lation. Widow Darmody, who has been twice married, had no family, and was possessed of about three acres of land at Coolgarth, `was about getting married a third time, contrary to the wishes of her friends. On Tuesday night she must have been decoyed out in the fields by her assas sin, under the guise of a triend. as her dead corpie was found about a perch behind lur house, lu r head dreacfully wounded and bruif.ed. NEW POPISH COlLEGE.—Attention was recently called to a suggestion of the presen , pope, to the effect that a popish college modelled after the plan of the turbulent in stitution of Louvain should he founded in Irelatish The Daily News took alarm at it, and the Times and other papers ridiculed it. Nevertheless, the plan is even now being matured. A Dublin Roinish paper states that one of their bishops has subscribed £lO,OOO, and a priestXsllo, towards carrying out the project. Truly we have great need of renewing our Protestant agitation, when Popery is progressing in this way. Had our Protestant leaders but continued the exposures of Romanism, which were so popular -a -few years since. we should not have seen the antichristian power exhibiting so bold a front as she does at present. _ STATE OF TRELAND. — Governinent are about to adopt vigorous measures for the repression of the conspiracy against -life and property which has been permitted to hold uncontrolled sway for the last six months. Thc Times quotes .he following from the Dublin Mail:—" We have reason to believe that an arms' act of an extremely strin gent character is in course of preparation, and will be laid before parliament at as early a period as possible. The suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act is the only measure adequate to the crisis; and under the wise administration of such a man as Lord Clarendon must not only he pro ductive of the desired good, but would suffer the least violence to the constitutional administration of justice which could be devised for such an emergency as that of Ireland." MELANCHOLY PROSPECT.—An incident took place on Tuesday, in the office of Mr. Murphy (title of the Dublin Masters in Chancery), which strongly illustrates the dis astrous effect of the utter insecurity of life and property in the county of Roscommon, was Put up for sale at £lO,OOO for the first hid, being scarcely one-half of the estimated value of the property. While the same was proceeding, a gentleman got up, and addressing those about him, spoke of the dangerous neighbourhood in which the estate lay, remarking that it was close to the spot where only the night previous Major Mahon fell . by the bullet. of the assassin. The announcement created a powerful sensation in the office, and a chilling silence of a minute or two suceeeded. The Master at length inter posed, and having severely reprimanded the speaker for his intrusive observations, ordered the sale to proceed. But it was to no purpose. The blow was struck home ; and after an offer of £2,500, or something like four year. purchase, the sale was indefinitely postponed.—Corres pendent of the Times. ORANGE INSTITUTION.—Thursday evening being the one hundred and ninety-seventh anniversary of the birth day of our glorious deliverer King William the Third, the Orange Institution of Dublin, for the first time, publicly commemorated that happy event by a soiree on an exten sive scale in the New Room of the Rotunda, which was tastefully arranged and decorated with the banners of the several lodges. At eight o'clock the brethren arrived, dressed in uniform, wearing the scarfs and badges of the several orders, among whom were a large attendance of the members of the city of Dublin Grand Black Lodge. The ladies in particular seemed as if they had used every effort to enrich the splendour of the scene by the unpa ralleled neatness of their dresses, which were in every re spect richly adorned with orange and blue, &c., indicative of the great interest which they felt in thus displaying their true love for the cause which should be dear to the heart of every sound and independent Protestant. The chair was taken by the county grand master, David Stewart, and the health of the Earl of Enniskillen, gr and master, was responded to by Archdeacon Magee. The Rev. T. D. Gregg also addressed the meeting, and alluded to the inconsistency of the Lord-Lieutenant in styling the popish prelates by the title of lords.—Dublin Herald. TIIE . IRISH NATIONAL EDUCATION SCHEME.—The National system had its commencement when a better day, it was thought, dawned for Ireland, and has had its pro gress • during a period in which government was endea vouring to recommend itself by what has been styled a liberal policy towards the mass of the people. Religious disabilities have ceased—profession of the creed of Roma nism has been converted into a recommendation. The race of the proctors is extinct—the church cess collector no longer goes his rounds—the honours and emoluments of corporations have changed hands ; in short, the period has been one of continuous favour to thechurch of Rome ; and the schools of the National Board, supported by the . State, and supporting the great principle of t . he church of Rome, have increased to the number of 3,63 e schools -456,410 pupils. At which side is success? In the former period more than 4,000 schools, unpensioned, unpatron ised, adopted the Bible for itself., In the second—ne arly 4,000 schools are pensioned by the State, on condition that they exclude the Bible. In the year 1824 there were found 3;322 schools in which the Scriptures were not read 6,058 in which they were, and 2443 from which the returns were silent respecting Scripture, and in the great majority of which, it has been said, the Bible was read. Thus, it would appear, that the patronage of the State, and the fa vour of the church of Rome, with the exertions of sixteen years, have been able to add no more than 315 schools to the number avowedly unscripttiral in the year 1824. So Much for the progress of the schools. As to the state of the country—crime—public opinion—respect for law—'loyalty to the crown—attachment or aversion to the British con nexion—'it will be time enough, when the National Board describes the improvement, moral and political, which the new system has effected, to compare the gatherings and tumults before " emancipation" with the monster meet ings for repeal—and to compare the " agrarian disorders" of " twenty years since" with those barbarous exercises of " tenant right," which now shock and disgrace our coun try.- In truth, it was a novel experiment, to promote ci vilisation by interdicting Christianity ; and it should oc casion no surprise to see that the experiment has proved a failure.—Dr. 0' Sullivan's recent Letter. LAW INTELLIGENCE. The state of the business of the Court of Chancery has at length become such that for two days the Master of the Rolls has not sat for lack of causes. WINTER Assizms.—The Hon. Mr. Baron Alderson and the Hon. Mr. Justice Coltman will hold • the Winter Assizes for this county, at Liverpool., on Saturday the 11th of December next. In the Arches Court, on Thursday, Sir II: J. Fust pro nounced sentence in the case of the Rev. J. K. Craig, minister of St. John the Baptist, at Burley, in the diocese of Winchester, accused of unmoral practices. The rev. gentleman is suspended for two years, to produce a certi ficate of good conduct, and to pay £250 costs. The late Justice Bosanquet's will, which is written with his own hand, had to which several codicils are attached, has been proved in London ; and it has been discovered that the testator has failed to word the attestation 'clauses •so as to show that the provisions of the Wills Act had been duly complied with. Affidavits frOm the witnesses have consequently been required to repair this error, which is said to have been -repeatedly committed by distinguished 1 barristers who have written their own wills. The London Gazelle of Tuesday night contains a pro clamatiOn announc i ng th at h er M a j esty i n Council was pleased to declare that the provisions Of the International Copyright Act (7 and 8 Victoria) shall be . extended to the ; works of all authors, engravers, designers, musical corn pegers, &c., first publlehed within the kingdom of lisno ,ver, for the full terms of privileges of copyright which .autloai of books, engravings, dramatic pieces, and music, .natives of the United kingdom, may enjoy in the king dom of 1 14anovcr, until the treaty rec.ently entered ioto .thi!,nlAttgr has been concluded. THE LIVERPOOL STAND COURT AND FASHION. The Queen and the royal family are expected to arrive at Buckingham Palace from Windsor Castle on the 22nd instant, on which day her Majesty will hold a privy coun cil, when the speech from the throne. upon the opening of the new parliament, will be det, ruined upon. The court will proceed to o,borne immediately after the ad dresses to her Majesty, in reply to the royal speech, have been presented. On the occasion of the birthday of the Prince of Wales (Tuesday last), the. Duchess of Kent went overtrom Frog more House to Wind , or Castle, and breakfasted with the Queen and Prince Albert. A splendid birthday cake adorned the table. On the top of the cake, upon a crimson cushion, was the crown of the • Prince of Wales, snrmounred by a plume of marabout feathers. Around the base of the cushion wi re a variety of cornucopias, filled with bouquets of rare flowers from the royal con servatories. At the grand banquet on Tuesday, in Windsor Castle, he Prince of Wales was splendidly attired in the Hih land costume, wearing the Royal Stuart .. tartan ; Prince Alfred was dressed in the Victoria tartan, an entirely new plaid from her Mvjesty's. own design. - -• Her Maje:ty's ship Howe. with the Queen Dowager on board, was placed in some danger in getting out of the Tagus at 'Lisbon into the Atlantic, on her way to Ma deira. The " rollers" of the sea ran high, the hawsers by which the ship was towed broke, and she drifted to lee ward; happily, however, the vessel was enabbld to ride out the night, and next day proceeded on her voyage. 7HE CHASE. The Cheshire hounds : Wednesday. Wretd , ury ; TLurs day, Crew-hall; Saturday, Ravensmoor-windwill-at half past 10. Sir W. W. Wynn's hounds: Wednesday, • Queen's Head ; Farndon ; Saturday, Green Dragon—at half-past 10. POLITICAL MISCELLANY. The Times ays, " indemnity for the ' suspension' of the Bank Charter is the sole ohjeet of the November ses9ion." Lord Seymour will propose the Right Hoti; Charles Shaw Lefevre as. Speaker of the 'louse of Commons, and Mr. Abel Smith will second the motion. - The Earl of Yarborougl► will move, and the! Earl of Bessborough second, the address in the Lords. Mr. James Heywood and Mr. A. Shaft() Adair will be respectively the mover and seconder in the Commons. Lord Stanley will give a grand Parliamentary dinner to a large party on the 22nd of the present the day previous to the expected delivery of her Majesty's speech in Parliament on opening the session. Lord George BiAitinck, M.P., is now on a visit to his noble father, the Duke of Portland, at Welbeck Abbey. He leaves 14 London on the 17th instant, for ensuing parliamentary campaign. A Bath radical paper put forth a statement that Lord Ashley had applied to his election committee for £B7, be ing his travelling expenses during the recent contest for that city. his lordship has written to say that the state ment is "utterly untrue." In the city of York, where the municipal elections were endeavoured to be made'a political matter by the Radicals; the elections terminated in the total defeat of the Whig_ Radical faction, and the return of the twelve candidates supported by the Conservatives. The Conservatives carried every ward. The Radicals were utterly routed — they lost every seat. BAttotg RoTosenun.—The friends of the Church will learn with gratitude and approval, that all attempts to on- Christianise the House of Commons will find no sanction in the noble leader of the Conservative party ; and it is hardly possible to conceive that the followers of that lea der will be less sensible of the obligatio►►s due to the reli gion we profess, and the holy Church to which we belong. —Herald. Tv nrcPIKE GATES.—A deputation of gentlemen, headed by the Duke of Richmond, lately w;,ited on Sir G. Grey, praying the Govt. tronent to entet tail) the subject of the tumpike gates, and the consoliOation orturnpike roads will' the highways, Sir G. Grey replied that it was the intention of Government t ) ask, durinn• the next session of Parliament, ter a committee to take the subject into consideration; and that. the Government were of opinion the turnpike roads ought to be consolidated with the highways. _ . _ POLITICAL DUPLICITY OF POPE PIUS THE NINTH.— We call attention to the Pope's encyclical letter, in which, whilst adoring the Virgin Mary as " our advocate," " our surest hope," and " sweetest reliance," he anathematises Bible societies with the same rancour which animated his predecessors. We have also observed, that while he pub lishes a general amnesty for political offenders, there is a fearful and ominous omission of ail pardon for spiritual offenders. Down to this time the dungeons of St. Angelo and the prisons of the inquisition are filled with the vic tims of the Papacy. For them no pardon is promised— for them no I ay of hope gilds the gloom of their grated cells. OUR PRESENT COMMERCIAL POLlCY.—During the five years from 1815 to 1819, our exports exceeded our im ports by £27,837,415. In the following five years there was an excess of exports over imports of £6.639.901, whilst during the next five years ending in 1846, there was a balance against England by our imports - exceeding the exports £35,677,941. Thus has the balance between England and .the Un7ted States been reversed under the policy of Peel, and with .results which are before us. While no less than thirty-eight English houses, some of them among the greatest of the tnagnificent mercantile structures of England, have failed within the brief space of two months, but one American firm—that of Prime, -Ward, and Co., New York—has stopped payment, and even that, it, has been said, but temporarily. Such are the natural fruits of a policy which is pouring the bullion of England into America. The Gazette of Tuesday evening contains the royal pro clamation for the further prorogation of Parliament. from Thursday, the 11th, to Thursday, the 18th instant, theit to assemble for the despatch of urgent and important affairs. In the House of Lords on that day, the buSiness will be limited to the peers present taking the oaths and signing the Parliamentary roll ; in the House of Commons, to that of the election of Speaker, when, it is understood, the Right Hon. Charles Shaw Lefevre, member for North Hants, will be re-electerllvi :;tout opposition. On Friday, the members of the Ho. LI of Commons, preceded by their Speaker, will attend tie House of Lords to hear her Majesty's approbation of the right honourable gentleman's appointment signified by the Lord Chancellor; and the interval between that day and Tuesday, when the royal speech will be delivered, will be occupied in either House by administering the usual oaths, and the signing of the Parliamentary rolls. THE BArnBRICK.—Mr. Roebuck having been swamped in the troubled waters of the Bata election, has been honoured by a tribute from his supporters. It is emble matical of the gentleman it is presented to, being an oak cal - Ana, very much carved—expressive at once of hard ness and ruggedness ; with 500 guineas inside of it—ex pressive of Mr. Roebuck's sterling qualities and true mettle. He has, it is true, had the art of making truth eminently disagreeable. He has occasionally paraded the goddess, like the Lady Godiva, in a state of nudity, which shocked the decorous House of Commons. The water from the well in which that lady resides is, unfortunately, bitter; and Mr. Roebuck had the mania of insisting on everybody's drinking it, without the usual emollient ad ditions of milk of human kindness and sugar of courtesy. Still, Mr. Roebuck's seat in St. Stephen's is empty, and the " stricken dear who has left the herd," though apt to butt, was a hart royal, and deserved a better fate than to be pulled down by the Bath chaps. We are glad they have shown some sense of his merits, even after the testi monial fashion.—Punch. INraPseArR,BL MagazinelAMENT. ar ticle F Ein' for the admission of Jews to Parliam ent, on the subtle distinction between Christianity and a belief iii Christia - t P br m t f h e e ss pres e nt ik e r n a t u month, rice ' in argues an Christia nity. He allows that Christianity is the foundation of ci vil society ; but it would continue to be so, he says, though every belie\ er in it should have ceased to exist ; the truth is true, whatever our faith may be. All our belief, and all the confessions of it which we exact, cannot, in the a ie s f.; o ' llo T w o s t T h o e o L s o t i h d is on see G m u s ar a d v ia er n y point very, least degree, alter the reality, the p ermanent eternal e o d b l j y ec r t ei l ie b s el insuf ficient reason for an act which is designed formally to un- Christianise the State. No one. has contended that our faith, or the profession of it, can have any effect upon its object. But, it may have a very great influence on its professors ; it may be a duty, and the absence of it a crime. We declare our belief in-Christianity, not in order to make it true, or prove it true ; but because (since it is true) we should be committing a sin if we withheld the declaration. If it were not so, martyrdom must be a very foolish dis play of obstinacy, and the maintenance of orthodox opi nions most unnecessary trifling. Mr. Maurice's argument for abolishing the public professibn of Christianity seems to us not unlike the apology of a traitor, who should plead in justification of his treason, that the real validity of his sovereign's title was not thereby affected. Our na tional homage is due to the Truth, and to Him in whom „alone it exists. Ours will he the loss and.the crime, if we cease to pay it. Not that we render it duly now : not that our present practice is consistent., Still, it is some ' thing ; if it is not adequate to our theory, at least it is better than the denial of that theory." Mr. Manrice is the Boyle lecturer at Oxford. WE -6T INDIA ASSOCIATION.—A meeting of this asso ciation was held in London on Thursday to take into con sideration a memorial' to Lord John Russell upon the state of our West India colonies, and propose measures for ;their immediate relief. The memorial, which had been .drawn up by a committee specially appointed for that purpose, was, after a lengthened and interesting dis cussion, accepted, and - will be immediately forwarded to the Premier. After stating it to be the sincere belief of the association that the late admission of slave-grown sugar had increased the horrors of the slave trade, aug mented the value of property in the Brazils and Cuba, and diminished that of our own colonies ',proofs of which are daily furnished in the reportS from the African blockading squadron, from the Brazils, and from the West Indies,) the memorialists express a hope that the present ministry, all of whom have at different times declared their abhor rence of slavery and the slave trade, would take into care ful consideration the effects of the late introduction .of slave-grown sugars into free competition with those of our own colonies. The memorialists further expresS no desire to interfere with the declared free trade measures of the government. but. hope that upon principles of a higher nature than political economy the ministry Will be induced to lower the duties upon free sugars, equalise those upon our colonial produce. with those in the mother country, and, by immigrafien aud other means, afford the suffering colonies every Assistance. which they may with justice claim. The memorial was so worded as to coin bine the various votes of the most conflicting parties, whether free traders or prat - ttionisfs, and was numerously' and powerfully supported. The association, newly formed, includes among its members individuals of aid phrties, en..- deavouring to unite for the preservation of our poActiies, And 'the destruction of the slave trwie, • UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL NEW The Earl of Ellesmere has been unanimously re-elected Lord Rector of the Univers'ty of Aberdeen. The weekly organ of the Tractarian party seriously sug gests that. incumbtnts engaging citrates should stipulate for a certain number of months notice of any intended seceAsion to Rome. The Hull Advertiser seriously and • warmly contends for the promotion of the Rev. James Aspinall to the Archhi ,, .hoprie of York. We think our contemporary, notwithstanding his eloquence. will fail in inducing the government to ac on his recommendation. The Rev. Benjamin Strettell Clarke, curate of Christ Church, Liverp.ol, and tiepin w of the Hon. Judge Jack son, of Sutton-house, Howth; county Dublin, has been promoted to the incumbency of Thorp-hesley, West Riding of Yorkshire. . EDINBURGH HEBREW CHAIR.—The Lord Ordinary has refused to grant interdict against the induction of the Professor elect. Should' he be installed, it is under•`tood that the Presbytery will raise an action against the Town Council. The Earl of Digby has given a donation of £2500 to wards the necessary repair and restoration of the ancient abbey church at Sherborne, Dorset. The venerable fabric was fimnded in 704, and it is computed that £5OOO will he required fur its restoration. . Four new churches have just been consecrated in the diocese of Ripon—one at Hull—another at Manstone, a colliery district—a third at \\Tyke, near Bradford—and a fourth at Little Holbeck, near Leeds. The latter is to he built at the cost of J. G. 'Marshall, E-q., M.P. for Leeds. The Morning Chronicle says that Dr. Maltby - , Bishop of Durham. islikely to be promoted to the archl,ishopric of York ; tut we do not think it likely, as the revenues of Durham are consieerably greater than those of York, though, of course, additional honour would be conferred by the translation. THE DEATH OF THE REV. ALEXANDER STEWART.— Intelligence was received in Edinburgh. on SundaY, of the death of the Rev. Alexander Stewart, of Cromarty, who had received a call to succeed the Rev. Dr. Candlish, in St. George's Free Church, Edinburgh. The rev gentle man died of brain fever, supposed to have been excited by the prospect of translation. His congregation in Cro marty having been deep!y at tached to hint, there was every reason to anticipate their opposition to his translation. THE PasHOP OF MANCHESTER A PEER.—By the death of.the Archbishop of York the new Bishop of Manchester will at once probably attain a seat in the House of Lords. The. Bishops of London, Durham, and Winchester are the only bishops who have an absolute right to a seat in the upper house, and if the present Bishop of Chester (as is likely) he elevated to the archiepiscopal seat of York, or i ideed any of the other bishops, except the above, the succ;ssor of either of these parties will he considered only a junior upon the epi-•copal bench, and will have to wait his turn for a seat in the lords. THE SCOTTISH CHURCH.—A movement is in progress in the Scottish Episcopalian Church which deserves serious consideration. About five years ago, the Rev. Mr. Drum mond, of Edinburgh, was rebuked by his diocesan, Bishop Terrot, for holding religious meetings composed of his own congregation, at which be did not use the Scottish liturgy, or any other liturgy, and which, therefore, the bishop declared to be uticanonical. Mr. Drummond per, sisted ; and, after an unpleasant dispute, Mr. Drummond and a large number of his fellow-clergymen renounced the authority of the Scottish bi: hops lobo ectlo, and vir tually separated from • the communion of the Scottish Episcopalian Church. The separatist party have expressed a strong desire to place themselves in actual communica tion with the English Church. and to occupy the same position in Scotland as the Church of England in the colonies. A movement is now in progress with this ob ject in view—a committee has been appointed to carry out the scheme; and we have no doubt that application. will be promptly made to parliament with the view of pro curing a legi lative warrant for carrying it fully into effect. THE LATE PERVERSION.—The late Rev. W. J. G. Bennett, perpetual curate of St. Paul's, London, has published an address to his congregation on the sulject of the late secession of one of his curates to popery, in which he says,—" Whereas. Mr. Alexander Chirol, late assistant curate of this parish, having joined certain schismatics and sectarians, generally called Romanists, and being thereby ipso facto deprived for the present of all the.spi ritird functions of holy orders, and excommunicated from the Church of England; and whereas the said Mr. Alex ander Chirol has been circulating letters, and otherwise tampering with the faith of certain of the parishioners, endeavouring to induce them to join him in his sinful act of schism and apostacy, it is my duty. as the parish priest, to warn the parishioners and all other faithful members of the Church ; and they are hereby warned ; against holding any intercourse by letter, speech, or otherwise, in Spiritual matters, with the said Mr. Alexander Chirol, until such time as he may be restored to the Communion of the Church. The rule of Holy Scripture and the Church is, that the faithful should not hold communion with schis mhtics and apostates." Mr. Bennett also announces his intention of delivering a lecture "on the peculiar features of the Church of England, as opposed to dissent, and the schismatic Communion of Rome, called forth by the con duct of the late curate." THE BPIIIOP OF MANCHESTER.—A surgeon, of the name of Gutteridge, residing in Birmingham, has openly charged the newly-appointed Bishop of Manchester with immorality, and the matter, for the last few days, has been the subject of discussion in the Manchester papers. Mr. Gutteridge says his object is simply to have the truth of his charges tested before a jury. Another writer is the Rev. J. Molesworth, who says that in his view, the ceremony of consecration ought not, for the sake of the church, to take place, till the matter has II been fairly brought to trial—this, the rev. gentlemen says, without in the slightest degree prejudging the case. It seems that a meeting on the subjoct has been held in Bir. mingliam, at which there was a decision in favour of the Rev. Mr. Lee, but Mr. Gutteridge says he has also had other and larger meetings in his favour. Mr. Lee has written to Dr. Molesworth, condemning strongly his in terference, and announcing that he has laid the published charges against him before the law officers of the crown, and expresses his determination to abide by their advice. This advice is, that they (Sir J. Jervis, Sir D. Dundas, and Mr. Whateley,) are of, opinion that a crimi na l in formation should be moved for without delay, and they think that the court will make the rule absolute. Mr. Gutteridge will now, therefore, have the opportunity ' which he has professed to desire. of establishing his charges against Mr. Lee, who appears to have acted with great judgment in the difficult and harassing position in which he has been placed. SHAMEFUL CONDITION OF A CHURCH.—On Sunday week the Rev. Dr. Croly, rector of St. Stephen's, Wal brook, took occasion to allude to the state of the parish church in the following powerful words :—" You may easily imagine with what feelings I look round this church. When I see its shattered casements; its panes actually boarded; its stained cupola; its vaults sending up their vapours ; its roof letting in the rain ; its walls showing the track of the shower ; and the floor heaved up as if the church had been shaken by an earthquake,—l cannot help feeling the utmost regret at the sufferance, and the utmost indignation at the cause. But I restrict myself within the walls ; on this subject I speak reluctantly, and speak no more.. But this I must say, in justice to others, that this condition of things has not been for want of exertion on the part of the principal parishioners. They have given up their time and their money to the attain ment of its remedy ; they have even undergone the dis comfort of that most comfortless of all discomforts—a pro tracted litigation. They have already spent five years_risk in the pursuit of the parochial rights , at their personal for five years have they gone from court to co e' are so wide asunder, and on which that makingd)door sluggish felvaewy; tf a 'o n ru d r fit vureensfoaut yearsn d havewi h unfathomable with voyager has died on his oar. One the stssitt,:rreoeyma c n amgass knockingnte,rywtgi gi t i etd i r r os han t a i olgtaornitel: along glance again recals me to the scene around me. Your own eyes see the condition of the church—that it is repul sive, squalid, and scandalous. Your eyes can show you its disgrace, but they cannot show you its dilapidation. I am not sure at this moment that there is a sound case ment, or a sound rafter, a safe foot of stone, or a safe inch of timber in the whole fabric. lam not sure that from week to week the fabric itself is secure, or the worshippers under its roof free from danger. Why have those things been ? But on this matter I say no more ; it comes be fore another tribunal. The result of all is, that the pa rish is without a shilling." RAILWAY AFFAIRS. LANCASTER AND PRESTON.—Third-class carriages will run in future with every train on this line. A body of police, upwards of a thousand strong, has been despatched viii the North-Western line, to the scene of the stoppage of the great railway works. SHEFFIELD AND HUDDERSFIELD.—This company is amongst those which suspended their works during the monetary pressure. The workmen thrown out of em ployment number upwards of 4,000. It is said that one great railway contractor has more than £7,000,000 of contracts incomplete at this moment ; and although 2,000 have recently been discharged from his employ, he yet pays £50,000 a-week in wages alone. It is said that one great railway contractor has more than £7,000;000 of contracts incomplete at this moment ; and, although 2,000 workmen have recently been dis charged from his employ, he yet pays £50,000 a-week in wages alone. A RAILWAY'S PROSPECTS.—At a court of inquiry held at Driffield, last week, to assess the amount of compensa tion to be paid for land at Driffield, required for the Mal ton and Driffield Junction Railway, it was stated by Mr. Atherton, Q.C., that the whole of the traffic between Malton and Driffield had been conveyed on the back of a donkey DISCHARGE OF RPOLWAY LABOURERS.—About 400 railway labourers were discharged from the Stamtbrd and Rugby works near Morcotton Monday, in consequence of the present alarming state of affairs in the monetary world. Mr. Pickering, the contractor, stated that about 1200 others would be discharged from works in which he is concerned in other parts of the country. On the arrival of a goods train at the Edinburgh Station of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, on Wednesday last, the engine driver discovered that a man, sound asleep, was lying along the buffer beam in frolit of the engine. The sleeper was immediately aroused and questioned, when he admitted that he had placed himself on the beam at the Falkirk Station, in 'order to be conveyed to Linlith gow ; but as he was somewhat intoxicated, he had fallen asleep, and had not awoke until aroused by the driver. On Thursday Mr. Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce granted an interim injunction until Thursday next, when the motion will be heard to restrain the North Stafford shire Railway Company from entering upon certain lands and sattworks, at Satalbach, in Cheshire, b e longing to the plaintiff, Mr. Ilarker. on the ground that the notice served upou...the plaintiff, under the 85th section of the Lands' Clauses Con;olidation Act, with the view of entitling the Com . pany of taking possession without the owners cOnsent, was liaufticieut for the porpoee. FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.-011 Thursday, a porter at the Tewkesbury station was mounting the break as u train wts leaving, when, from some cause,not clearly ascer tained, he got jammed between one of the trucks and the stone archway opening into the street, and was crushed sn dreadfully that he died shortly after. CURIOUS SEIZURE.—Last week a first-class carriage was seized at the Chelmsfori station in paymeat of £3l One for poor rates to the parish of Margaretting, from the EaQtern Counties Company. The company and the parish authorities have been at. variance on the subject ; and as the appeal to the quarter sessions had been abandoned by the company, the chairman of the bench had issued a warrant for the above proceeding. From official returns it appears that the amount of traf fic for the last week, on upwards of 3.227 miles o? railway, was £178,975, thus accounted for :—£82,091 for the con- Neyence of passengers only, £47,998 for the carriage of goods, and a remainder of £48,886 for passengers and goods together, not respectively apportioned ; being an increase of £25,091 over the corresponding week of last year, when the mileage was about 2525. AMBERGATE RAILWAY.—The directors of the above company have let the contract for making that portion of the line which lies between the junction with Notting ham and Lincoln Railway at Colwick, and their works at Bottesford, a distance of about eleven miles. The con tractors will now be enabled, during the winter, to make preparations for proceeding with the bridge over the Trent, being the heaviest part of the work, early in the ensuing spring. This contract will complete the line between Nottingham and Grantham. THE RAILWAY ACCIDENT AT WINSFORD.—At inquest at. Winsford, the verdict was accidental death. It was proved that the proper signals were given, and that the deceased engineman had been cautioned before leav ing Crewe against proceeding too quickly when getting near Winsford, as the coal train would have to shunt there, and the impression on the minds of the jury ap peared to be, that Blacaburne, seeing the enzine of the coal train on the up line, was under the impression that the whole of the coal train was so also, whereas the coal engine was in - the act .of shunting, and part of the train was on the up line, against which his engine struck. BIRMINGHAM AND OXFORD RAILWAY.—The pro ceedings of the demurrer in this case, brought by agree ment before the Vice-Chancellor. were commenced last week ; and have since been continued on Mo n d a y, Tu esday, anti Wednesday last. Opening arguments for the company are concluded, and the reply for the Great Western is now in progress, having been resumed on Friday. Should the decision be in favour of the Narrow gauge Company, the Great Western will loose this line ; but if the other way they will not gain it, as the decision would only be that the Great Western has a locus staridi in the Equity courts for "something," and the validity of the agreements of sale will go over for decision on the hearing of the cause and the answers put in by the Nar row-eauge Company. The losing party will appeal to the Lord Chancellor. AN ACUTE TELEGRAPH AGENT.—A station agent of a certain railway, who has likewise the charge of the tele graph, lately received, by means of the latter, news of the suspension of payment of a hank sixty or seventy miles off, with instructions to communicate the same to its branch office, situate in the quarter to which the message had come, which, of course, was then to suspenu payments also. The agent was is 'cote man, however, and h e re flected; before doing this, that a small sum which he had lodged in the branch bank before, might be endangered thereby. So, saying nothing to any one, he very coolly walked down to the bank, and having drawn out his little deposit in gold, he handed over the rriesage in writin g that he had received per telegraph. We pr:sume, undo r the circumstances,_ that the telograph agen t w ill b e consi dered to have acted a very natural part. PREVENTION OF RAILWAY ACCILENTR—OR Monday, at the monthly meeting of the Liverpool Polytechnic So ciety, the largest audience of the season 'ever assembled at the Royal Institution to Lear Mr. Spence's highly-inte resting paper " on the active and inactive states of iron," which elicited the warmest applause, and also the thanks of the hearers. Afterwards, Mr. Henry Huline, surgeon, of Moss -street, suggested a method tier preventing the la mentable effects of collisions on railways. The diagram skewed a couple of strong luggage waggons placed before the engine, heavily weighted with iron, lead, or the like, - as freight or with ballast, having between the waggons three or four pairs of strong parenthesis-shared springs, similar to those used in the Railway Station, Lime-street. Each of the engines being protected in this manner, at • whichever end the collision Occurred, the shock would be neutralised before it reached the carriages, and materially broken. The weight would also prevent the tendency to leave the line. Self-acting breaks might be attached to the waggons, and the latter might be placed either before the engine or after the last cartiaq - e. Mr..Hultne was highly complimented by the society. THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.—The mains and wires are now laid up to the premises in Exchange-buildings. taken for the company's offices. Some temporary delay has, however, occurred in the present tenant obt. ining posses sion of the offices to which .he is about to remove; but, until that is accomplished, the telegraph will be worked at Gloucester-street night and day. The communication is now complete between this town and London, vivia"Man chester, from which place the wir e s ex t en d to Normanton, where there is a telegraph station ; thence along the North Midland line to Derby, where also there is a telegraph station ; thence by the Midland Counties to Rugby, where there is another telegraph station ; and thence by the London and North-Western line direct to Euston-square, where this and other northern tines of telegraphic com munication are connected with those extending to the south and south-eastern coast. Of these, the principal now open are those having telegraph termini at Dover, at Gosport, and at Southampton. With these ports ue, in Liverpool, may now communicate in a few minutes. As the telegraph stations are now open day and night, of course any important intelligence can be transmitted throughout the kingdom with a speed surpassing every need of even this railway age. THE WASP FAMILY. (From Chambers' Journal.) The economy of the wasp family posselfses considerable interest, and deserves far more attention than in our hos tile state of feelings towards the race we are already dis posed to believe. It is only necessary that the real cna racter of the tribe should be known, to remove at least the blot of laziness from it. That they are a set of bold, inso lent, daring robbers, no one can deny. The society consists of males, females, and neuters, each having their appropriate functions ; but the males, on the whole, leading the quietest and least arduous lives. The females are the hardworking foundresses of the colo ny, and the neuters are wasps of all work—robbing, fight ing, defending, nursing, and building indifferently, and by turns. Their history commences most conveniently for our purposes in the spring. At the conclusion of the pre ceding summer. the males, after pairing, all died, and there remained but a few females behind of all the busy ranks which crowded the vespiary. These are awakened by the return of spring. The solitary wasp finds herself imme diately summoned to active duties. She has to construct the carcase, and to excavate the earthwork, for her future people and city. Serious as is the task, she has to effect incessanti al li t er l n rg i e ; t a toil, s are equal rm single ituo lilighten ohttehtei companion undertaking e labourrtatkol n c by a he er single ti hours oo of a cil, e seen buzzing about in the sunny mornings, looking out for a site. It is soon found : it is some dry, warm bank ; and here she sets to her work. She perforates it, and forms a long circuitous tunnel, at the extremity of which she figs out a vault of considerable dimensions. After the labour of excavation is ended, the walls are to be plastered, and to this fresh duty she at once addresses herself. Surely every person has seen the nest of the wasp, and wondered at its exquisite and delicate architecture of celled paper ? Behold the architect! The nest is really made of paper: it was for some time a puzzle to our philosophers. Reau mur appears first to have detected the wasp in the very act of this manufacture. He beheld her alight on a deal window-frame ; and watching, saw her tear a bundle of delicate hair-like fibres, about an inch in length, from it, bruising the woody fibre with her mandibles, until it be came like a fine lint. This is the material from which the papyraceous plaster is to be prepared. She has built the walls of the city, it remains for her to commence the edi fices, and supply the population. She builds a terrace of hexagonal cells, of marvellous exactness, and suspends it by paper pillars from the roof of her texture. These ter races emulate in elegance and artistic skill, and far sur pass in utility, the famous hanging gardens and terraces of the renowned city of old. A few hundred cells are thus constructed, and at length an interval of comparative repose awaits the labourer, while she proceeds to fulfil her more proper duties as a parent. In the cells the insect deposits her ova, gluing them to the walls by an adhesive substance . . These are soon hatched, they become larvw, and are for some time entirely dependent upon their pa rent's exertions for their supply of food. . She has to forage for this numerous and voracious progeny, and runs about from cell to cell with the utmost solicitude, while the grubs put forth their mouths, and are fed by her just as the " callow brood" of a bird is fed. Dr. Darwin says he once beheld a curious act of a wasp : it had caught a large fly, and in rising with it into the air, the breeze caught its wings, and nearly wrenched it from the wasp's clutches. The insect immediately alighted, and deliberately sawed off the wings of its victim, when it was able to carry it in safety away. There was some thing nobler than instinct in this action; nor is it by any means an isolated example of insect sagacity. The mode of governm'ent is .republican : there is no recognised head, as with the bees ; yet an amount of even military discipline, and the utmost order, are to be found among the subjects. The goOd of the common wealth seems to be the prevailing object of each insect. If the workers are- building, each has its own spot, about an inch square, assigned to it, as the amount of work it is expected to execute. It was an interesting discovery of Mr. Knight, that wasps also have sentinels. These are placed at the entrance of the vespiary ; they run gently in and out of it, and give immediate notice of the approach of danger. One of the most striking facts in the natural history of the Vespidm is the occurrence of an annual massacre i n he October.. Then the vespiary is indeed a scene of horri oo''ib tc; t e iel s'iFsydeosiu)sre"odg is generally f w s ei carnage. t Twasps, whose remarkablyaf fection strong, seem frenzied rage aga i ns t th em . Theytfbeilcthen to ° atrocities for ease to feed their larva ; " they do worse," angrily writes Reaumur ; " the mothers become implacable mur deresses; they drag the helpless larvm out of their cells, slay them, and scatter them outside ele nest, strewing the very earth with their dead carcasses. There is no com punction ; the massacre is universal." A wise purpose is fulfilled by this apparent cruelty. The coming winter would rapidly destroy, by a far more miserable death, all that are killed on this occasion ; and it is a stroke of mercy to terminate their sufh,rings by a blow. The early frost .destroys the murderers themselves. The scene is now in truth altered ; " the populous city has - become waste, and without inhabitents," saving some one or two females, which spend the winter in the depths of the vespiary. Nov. 16, 1547. THE CHOLERA AND THE SANITARY QUESTION. (From the Journal of Public Health) 01 That dreaded scourge of hu man ity, the cholera, all A to he sweeping slowly and silently towards the prodf;rd of Western Europe. F or some t i me past, i t h a s rar_7 o - e the cities of the East, and i s now f o ll ow i ng a co urse what similar to the one it took during the last Our object, in alluding to this subject, is not to ►; alarm in the public mind, but rather to warn goverP , , and our local authorities, i n or d er t h at proper nions" be adapted to avert as far as possiJle the dange r A threatens us. To be forewarned is to be foreara leu regard to many epidemic di seases ; an d however WI? t obscurity may be which veils .the whole history 01 terrible malady, there is one fact which has bon,. blisbed by universal e xp er i ence, and that. is, that o° o is always most vi r ul en t i n it s a tt ac k s i n those loca , : 0 where sanitary measures are most neglected. I ; 3 t. blishment of this fact is - one of the fruits of the lo bought experit nee of former years, and any negle et , i ti appears to us to involves de gree o f mora l guilt a1t()1,`,06• criminal in its amount. The follo w i ng docunicot:,o fished by the Leeds Board of Health i n J anuar y, only one out of the many which might. be re-Pn"'il with advantage at th e present time. It was signed 1 10 physicians and thirty-ei g ht surgeons o f t h e town, :Wei cholera had declined, and sta t es th e resu l t o f t h e ir' rience as follows ttl# " We whose nam es are un d ers i tme d , are of o:inion 0 0 0 streets in which inalgnaist cholera prevoi.ed most led were those in which the d ra i nage was most imperfect' 0 41, 11 the state of the general health a the inhabitants greatly improved, and the probability of a future vis), from such maJgrant epidemics diminished, by a genenV, tficient system or drainage, selnerLge, and paving, enforcement of better regulations as to the cleanliness street." This deliberate opinion of a large hod .rge .4 of e.. - - o f> medical practitioners, gi ven w ith a f u ll knowlv(V.,oo the facts of the cal am ity w hi c h h a d b efallen their 1."'41( iike a voice from the past calling on u- to t-scapebyt c l o t measures from the evils whi c h over to o k t h em up , ' of Will it be listened to-? Will the dictptes.of humanity he obeyed by those who art' in authority ?VI that ill-judged opposition to the most necessary tY measures be continued until it is too late to ward pestilence ? We trust not ; but, on t hecontrary. 4# rather hope that the awakening of a bitter spirit 1110 ,1" 1 all to co-operate zealously in tulvaneintt the publi i ‘' fj an er have the should a sati s faction e d ri o"tri dest r oyer having come do u i r ie our ":•ownei al s o k n l dliP THE OATH OF SUPREMACY. (From the Standard) A case of great delicacy and of no less importan likely to offer itself at the assembling of Parlitnyc'a More than one or t wo no bl e l or d s h ave expressed t a d doubts as to the safety of taking the oath of suPr e ! l ol in the actual state o f th e l aw as ill ustrate d b y t h e prf t d of the executive. By the oath of supremacy, Pro" - ;, 0 0 peers and Protestant mem b ers o f th e H ouse o f Con''' s i e r, are required to swear th a t " t h e P ope b at h no 1 1 °, authority, jurisdiction or superiority, ecelesia-li , l' a ' a re spiritual, within these rea l ms ." Thi s oa th mus t he '7l by every Protestant p eer an d mem b er o f t h e floe' ar Commons, and, being Protestant=, they will of swear (as by law they are required to do) " the common meaning and acceptation of the words " 1. ,i0 equivocatiou or mental reservation." New the 91 1 is, can any Protestant unequivocally deny upon that the Pope "has any power, authority, or jurisdnod wi Ifn this realm ?" While the power of the Por e co o' his delegates was exercised in defiance of law an d in ot h tempt of the a uth or ity o f th e crown, ire n taking t he 00 1 might satisfy their consciences by th e i on ideration , o6 what i s no t d one l aw f u ll y may b e regarded as notbit and ev en thi s was a p l ea approaching to casuistr Y: , how c an any one solemnly swear th a t th e P op e y, or .superiority in this realm, 0 111 :: 1 power, authority, or law r3cognises his ecclesiastical appointments and 0 0 0' ecutive admits his titles of nobility ? In the Act ` lie' mostly called the Charitable Bequests Act, 7 and 13. H pf chap. 97, sections 15, 17, an d 18, recogniSe arclibi s ' 0 and bishops in holy orders of the Church of ROI 0 such; sec. 2 of t he same A c t ' em p owers th e (Rue s '" council to appoint ten commissioners. cle This power the Queen exercises by appointine u r v r ol , her sign manual, among o th ers A rc hbi s h o p N u f tb. as such archbishop (which is plainly an recognition Pope's authority), and places this Archbishop Alur i l' o ret order of precedence abo ve th e E ar l . of Donotl fi tit ic,it plain recognition of th e P o p e ' s su p er i or ity. But olgr eo not a mere barren concessi on , w hi c h m i g ht be reg a tta. as a slip in the copyist of th e instrument hearing I : e.. :„10 jesty's sign manual, for the E ar l o f Cl aren don exf, l b ; the addressing the Romanist bish o p s as ' My Lord , ' terms of the Act referred to, and by the preeedereall to an archbishop of the Pope's c r eation before a ' the creation of the sovereigns ef these count "weft The activity, as . well as the existence of authority, or jurisdiction, and superiority" of - b the ' 5 Rome "in this realm," is further illustrated I 7 the niatt' triumph given to Mr. Archbishop M'Hale •,, or of the provincial colleges. By the Pope's commanst.e, gested by M'Hale, Dr. Murray h as been compe . l l ,;, o withdraw froth his seat at the Education Board ri : the thet;,3 what conscientious man, wills these facts before safely swear that the Pope has no power. authority, .1, 2, diction, or superiority in this realm? We prescribe t('# man's conscience, but we confess for ourselves, that 4 should long hesitate before taking the oath of suprcalro under such circumstances. We can assure our resio ‘ e 6 that this is not a crotchet of our raising —on th e °P o i hand, many noblemen and members of the new 1 - louFe, b Commons have been for some time meditating difficulty with painful anxiety. ARCTIC EXPEDITION OF DR. RA$• (From the uardian Whoever will take the trou b le to cast .) his eye over iht modern map of North America, will see the line,e!if northern coast distinctly marked out from Bee, rl i o tv Strait eastward, to nearly the 90th meridian of Nve" co ir gitude. Here the line will begin to fail him. The tinuous margin sinks away into broken indication s ' ill peninsula, abutting from a blank, a coast line rib.r uf t oE ceasing, a few traces here and there, at first in bestoi intervals, and finally breaking up into a dotted 'line, : ci te to show that we have passed the boundaries of cert s i o il and are once more in the regions of the unknesc li g imaginative—the Ilyperboreaus of modern geogl y ,',o-' These are fife last strongholds of Fancy, the fl fortalices of her invaded territory. Cold, bleak, deF°. t ioo and tenantless, they form no inapt emblem of her P o , s et il in this fact-seeking and investigating age. And b 8 these dreary realms are grudged to her sway; in c e pt" inch, before the slow though certain advance of ber. mies, she has been driven further within the polar c;t Thirty years ago, no map could have presented the . t.'d line of which we have already spoken between Bell or Straits and the Committee Islands—a line of many ;0/ dred miles. There was, indeed, a vague rumour 0 ' 0 1 Mackenzie had cherished a hesitating Lope that it e ice which eh:vedhb their tu c h h t i b sn travels.e lo a c w ke i 1817,dAi lthtlieeb however,eastern existencegaz ed nt of a it polar throughseareporthad formed r r i m n o n o fe g r d'atshtgreat Straits; northern movement aebonorotnukienenat'Ai t gpol A co is as y t et o ll ; more set on foot the long-cherished but long-neglea, idea of a north-west passage to the Pacific. Ross, l'at e Franklin, soon became names little inferior in notori to Baffin, Davis, and Hudson. Before the close of l os i the long line of northern coast, as far eastward t&r , Castor and Pollux river, and Dease and Simpsonv f pui thest point, had become the legitimate property ° Atlas. . i G st r y ee a n n l a an r d c°o: ! Further to the east. however, all was yet nue An interval of about 10 degrees still separated tile t i o tO boundaries of the known world. Successive expeoLri, had thrown a shadowy light over this int e r va l. 'ref tracts of land were kn own t o ex i s t nor th o f th e ge ° ,4 direction of the coast line ; b u t w h e th er th ese fortel peninsula, connected by some narrow isthmus with, t ) main land, or whether they constituted some v ast or collection of islands—the Australia and Oceania 0 g northern hemisphere —was a point still open to the,oi eussion of theorists and the discovery of navi g at o rs. 'Ol point has been for ever closed by Dr. Rae's report.„4 l a laborious coasting journey, he h a s pl ac ed it ber ) 'se doubt, that Boothia Felix, and consequently North o il merset, and therefore probably the land over 0 1,0 4 Melville Island, compose a vast continent, co.n o , e ti with the main land of No r th A mer i ca by a narr ow :' t of land, much in th e same wa y as th a t con ti nen t is 1 ' connected with its southern comement. A glance at the map will slow the importance 0f r er discovery. It closes one pos F ible c h anne l o f t h e 0° 0 1 west passage. Two entrances seemed to lie open t!',ol Polar Seas. Davis' Strait condu c t e d th roug h 1 3 n4' Bay into Lancaster Sound and Barrow's Strait ; thence along Parry's fi rs t route to Melville Island. however, the sea had been found apparently imPl'acir ble ; and the latitude being far above that of the long pi of explored coast, there could be no well-known caP C ,I O OI familiar bay to look for, no prosp ec t o f a sudd en j u nco which might at once reward and terminate th e lahoer: e li the explorers. A far more tempting prosp ec t was,'" o ll. out by the more southerly route down the Boothia v O/ 4 whether entered from Barrow's St ra it, through Frl` Regent's Inlet, or by the more direct though more *!.,, 4 0' gerous straits of Hudson, and the Fury and heels. dap' pine minds could not but hope for an open sea cooe, ing this gulf with th e stra i t d i scovered b y Sirapsoll Deese, in 1839, and bearing their name. Dr. Rae, ‘O l shown that no suc h sea exists ; that the gulf a nd strait are separated by a barrier of solid land. Such is the general issue of his expedition. Its ai, are as yet scarcely discernible .in his brief report. we can see little more than that the usual hardsla.' o # the northern discoverer were encountered with the vl4 , manfulness, and vanquished by the usual perseverPv,io Nothing, however, of the terrible sufferings of CaP tb t Franklin's expeditions meets our eye. Through • ° D' provident care and constant watchfulness of their P"„e , pal, the party, though often on sh o rt allowance, ogle seldem to have been actually in distress for food. f indeed, is sufficiently evinced by the fact that the?, turned to Fort Churchill with eight bags of pento l and four hundredweight of flour still remaining. ' ilu The toil and delay of' a long voyage 'round *Jot' Peninsula, and through the I"nry and Hecla Strait'hoi aveided by the classical exp e di en t ' o f d ragg i ng the across the isthmus from the innermost cove of Iter t ,o o Bay. The whole distance was fort . ) , miles, but for ss°, thirty-five of these their labour was li g htened by 9 or cession of lskes and rivers, which enabled them to , the boats. The arctic sea thus attained,' Dr. Rae corded to explore first westwards, and then ea ;twarde' he had succeeded in t rac i ng th e w h o l e li n e o f c oast Il e ' connects Boothia Felix with th e sou the rn s hore Fury and Heels Straits, The whole time emploYC ' something more than a year. The erpt.dition Churchill, in.litlson's Bay,. on the sth of July, and returned on the 6tli of September, 1847. • Noy.