The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-11-08 00:00:00

tIVERPOOT , ANNUAL SkIIIti3ITION. THE EXHIBITIoN of the LIVERPOOL ACADENIT of WORKS of MODERN Ajirnsrs IS NOW OPEN at the Exhibition Room s,Old tvstotfice-phce,Church - s treet. Admission Is,, Catalogueli. Season Tickets. ss. ~JAMES T. EGLINGT ON, Secretary to the Academy of Arts. WILL SHORTLY CLOSE. PORTICO, NEWINGTOAT, LIVERPOOL. MAFFEY'S THEATRE DU PETIT LAZARY. THIS EVENING, the Bth instant, and every Evening during the Week, (Saturday excepted,) the Evening's Amusements will open with the AUTOMATON ON THE TI OPE ! After which, a splendid Nautical arine Representa tion of the TOWN and BAY of AVARINO ; a Sports man with his Dogs ; the Death a Hare ; a beautiful Stag, &e.; displaying a perfect imits ion of Animated Nature. Part lII.—HARLEQUIK'S VAGARIES, or the Gen d'armes Outwitted. In this piece will be introduced a mul tiplicity of Dances. Metamorphoses, Sudden Transitions, Grotesque Subjects, and the Chinese Mandarin Dance by the Marrionettes. To conclude with a Representation of a STORM at SEA. In this picture will be seen a magnificent prospect of the Sea in Motion ! Front Seats, 2s.—Second Seats, Is.—Gallery, 6d. • Schools, and Children under twelve years of age, admitted to the front seats at half-price. Day Performances, TUESDAY, THURSDAY, and SATUR DAY, at Two o'clock in the Afternoon. MECHANICS' INSTITUTION. T0 -MORROW, (Wednesday,) the 9th instant , J. S. BUCKINGHAM. Esq. will begin a COURSE of SIX LECTURES on the BRITISH COLONIES. Subject : PRINCIPAL EASTERN POSSESSIONS. Admittance, to Non-members, One On the 30th instant, and 3d Decembe .ex , JOSEPH MAINZER, Esq., author of Singing sr the Million, ke., will deliver TWO LECTURES ex . natory of his mode of teaching VOCAL MUSIC. LIBRARY.—It having been esolved to erect a Gallery in the Library for the recepti. of more Books, and it being thus necessary to close tb ibrary for a short time, it is hereby intimated that from the evening of Monday next, the 14th, to Monday, the 21st instant, the circulation of books will cease ; and that all books must be returned, under the usual penalty, on or before Monday next, the 14th instant, in order that they may be compared with the Catalogue, and their condition ascertained. LOWER SCHOOL.—The present Quarter commenced on the Ist instant. Terms, to Sons of Members, 12s. 6d. ; Pre paratory Department, 7s. 6d. To others, 15s. and 10s., includ ing Books. W. B. HODGSON, Secretary. NEWTON'S HARMONIC SALOON, DICK'S COFFEE-HOUSE, MURRAY-STREET, WILLIAMSON-SQUARE. THE PROPRIETOR of this elegant Resort, anxious to render his Establishment every way deserving that dis tinguished patronage hitherto bestowed, informs the Public he has ENGAGED, for Fourteen Nig terthgalebrated HERR VAN EL, of the Royal Gardens, Vauxhall, w o will shortly appear and delight the Visitors with his wonderful and pleasing IMITATION OF SINGING BIRDS, ANIMALS, MUSICAL IN STRUMENTS, ETC. The Saloon is open every Evening from Seven o'clock until Twelve. Glees, Catches, Solos, Imitations, &c., with Musical Ac companiments. Solos and Concerted Pieces on the Violin, Harp, Piano-forte, &c. CHOPS, STEAKS, KIDNEYS, ETC. WINES AND SPIRITS OF SUPERIOR QUALITY. T 0 be DISPOSED OF by PRIVATE CONTRACT , a capital DWELLING-HOUSE, situate in Great Homer-street, containing two Parlours, five Bed-rooms, ex cellent Kitchens, Wine Cellar, &c., running in - depth about 261 yards, and at the front and back 6 ygdS 2 inches, or there abouts. This is well worthy thvittention of any panics wanting a Residence for themel es, or as an investment , it being substantially built, Apply to Mr. QUILLIA , 30, Ranelagh-street, or M HAMPSON, Richmond Fair, Fox-street. HOUSE to be LET, No. 8, in Devunstire-place, out of Netherfield-road North, Eve, in excellent repair. Rent £45 per Annum. Apply at the House. COMMERCIAL BANK OF KINGSTON, UPPER CANADA. ill HE Directors of the London Joint Stock Bank, as 1. agents in this country for the Commercial Banks of the Midland District, Kingston, Upper Canada, give notice to the public that they continue to RECEIVED POSITS and to GIVE LETTERS of CREDIT on sai Bank or its agencies to persons proceeding to th nadas, or to those who may have payments to make th , payable on presenta tion at the current rate of exchan on London on the day on which the order is presented GEORGE POLLARD, Manager of the London Joint Stock Bank, Princes-street, London. MORISON'S WRITING INKS. 11/ORISON'S OFFICE and COPYING INKS, well 17 . 1 . known for the last Thirty years, continu maintain their superiority, and increase in public est' ". MORISON'S COPYING INK is mended for its great strength and c Ink will give off a perfect copy twenty-four hours. MORISON'S OFFICE INIC is of great strength, and unequalled for its fluidity and permanence. Manufactory, 31, Duke-street, Liverpool. rticularly recom- dying properties ; this ;er it has been written CARPETS, MOREENS, DAMASKS, FURNITURE PRINTS, LOBBY CLOTHS, OIL BAIZES, FRINGES, HEARTH RUGS, DRUGGED-&c. &c. THE most extensive and CHEAPEST OCK will be J. found at W. OKELL' BEE-HIVE ESTAB ISHMENT, 17 and 19, PARADISE-STREET. The Prices of good Yard-wide 'Kidderminster Carpets are ls. 3d.,15. 6d., 25., and 2s. 6d. ; Moreens, 90., and 25.; amasks, all wool, is. to ls. 6 d. ; Furniture Prints , 21(1. to 7d. •, Yard-wide Lobby Cloths, 2s. to 2s. 6d., nar rower widths proportionably cheap. Blankets, Counter panes, Sheetings, Table Linen, Crumb Cloths, &c. TDROMOLI and HAUSBURG beg leave to direct the attention of their Friends to their srLut: DID AND EX TENSIVE STOCK OF JEWELLERY, constantly replenished with the moat elegant No velties from the first Manufacturers in London, and the production of THEIR OWN MANUFAC TORY, ON THE Raumisits, and forming an unrivalled Collec tion of Ornaments, to the selection of which their exertions are unremittingly devoted. The kind patronage conferred upon them since they com menced the manufacture of WATCHES ha u induce ment to still greater efforts, and they e succeeded, both in price and quality, in distancing a competitors, being enabled to offer advantages hitherto unprecedented. The increased demand for the ELECTRO-PLATE af fording proof of the high estimation in which it is held, P. and H. solicit the favour of an examination of their Stock, being convinced that the superiority of the manufacture will at once be evident. The most prompt attention paid to the execution of orders, and Estimates furnished for RE-PLATING ARTICLES WHICH HAVE BEEN PLATED UPON THE FORMER SYSTEM. Liberal terms to Exporters and the Trade. PROMOLI AND HAUSBURG, OLD POSTOFFICE BUILDINGS. ORRELL COAL, COKE, AND SLACK. JOHN HUSTLER and COMPANY inform their Friends that they can now supply them from their new Mine with , BEST HOUSE COAL, at 14s. 6d. per ton. SECOND ORRELL, at 1I d. per ton. BEST SMITHS' SLACK, at . 4 . d. per ton. Delivered FREE OF CARTAGE hin the MUNICIPAL and PARLIAMENTARY BOUNDA , and the rates lowered for extra distances. The SECOND ORRELL i an excellent Caking Coal, and as durable as the best. The SLACK from the above Coal is of very superior quality for the working of Iron, and excels their former well-known best Orrell Slack. Their Coke has been tried in Foundries, and for the nse of Railway Engines, and proved to be of equal quality with the best in the market. Office, 2, Canal-basin, Oldhall-street, Liverpool. 10th Month, (October,) 1842. FALL OF A ROCK-SALT PIT NEAR NORTRWICH.-It will be in the recollection of many of our readers, that about three years ago several lives were lost in consequence of the falling in of the top mine of a rock-salt pit belonging to Messrs. Ashton, of Dunkirk, near Northwich. A few weeks ago, indications were given that a second fall might be ex pected, and it has since taken place, owing, as it is conjec tured, to some rock-salt pillars, in the bottom mine, having given way. In this fall, however, no lives have been sacri ficed as in the former melancholy instance, but the loss of property to several respectable proprietors is very great, in volvinc, considerable loss to the rock-getters and their fami lies, who regularly worked in the mines , which ar e now flooded to the height of five feet deep by the water, which had collected in the enormous cavity which the former calamity had occasioned, and which has now found its way into three neighbouring pits, and threatened to enter as many more. It is said that the men who are now unemployed, are amusing themselves occasionally by sailing on the water in a cock boat from one pit into another in which it had entered, at a depth from the surface of the earth of a hundred and twelve yards.—Macclesfield Courier. EXPERIMENTS ON THE ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY. — During the past week a series of experiments on the atmos pheric principle name tauen place on mar purtion or tne West London Railway, at Wormwood Scrubbs, which is construct ed on the atmospheric system. Among the scientific gentle men present w ere his Excellency the French ambassador, M. Tesserene, of the French commission; Major Luttermann, of the Hanoverian commission •, Professor Vignoles, C. E. ; and several gentlemen of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway. The experiments were undertaken by Messrs. Saniuda, the patentees, at the request of the French ambassador, to afford the gentlemen representing the French and Hanoverian powers an opportunity of judging of the practicability of the system. Owing to the line not having been worked for the last four months it was in a v ery uneven state, but the velo city attained was from 30 to 40 miles an hour. It is under stood that the result of the trial of this system on the Dublin and Kingstown Railway, for which a gr a nt has already been made by Government, will .determine the steps to be taken e rasn, and i s s ° h t o a ' p B s by foreign powers on the subject. NEW pArt:gTso.f—N(eFwrojtyNcethcatmobn. g L a i t s e t • j street, — T o Samuel Henson, apparatus, letters, good engineer, for certain improvements in locomotive and in machinery for conveyin g through the air, part of which in s, and passen gers, from place to locomotive and other • I r m achinery, provements are app land. Sealed 29th Se ' to be used on water or on , machine maker, and ame n s Hyde, of Dukinfield, licpalabelee to inner and manufacturer, for of the same place, cotton silk, flax, and similar for a certain improvement or improvements in the machinery used for preparing cotton, York, for improvements fibrous materials for spinningw.nn Sealed 29th Sept.—John Ridsdale, of Leeds, in the county of weaving snd in sizing in preparing fibrous materials for York, of Upper warps. Sealed 29th Sept.—John Oliver Coleshill-street, Eaton Square , ine Turner engineer, for improvements in the manufacture county t an of Middlesex, tlfact_ure of axles for railway wheels. Scaled Bth Oct.—Wilton Georg , of Gateshead, Durham, Doctor of Philosophy, for improve ments in the manufacture of alum. Se aled Bth Oct.—Wil liam Edward Newton, of the Officefor Patents, 66, Chancery lane, lane, patent agent, for certain improvements in the manufac ture of artificial fuel, being a communication . Sealed 1 3th Oct.—Robert William Sievier, of Henrietta-street, Caven dish Square, gentleman, for certain improvements in looms for weaving, and in the mode or method of producing plain or figured goods or fabrics. Sealed 13th Oct. —Henry Brown, of Selkirk, manufacturer, and Thomas Walker, of the same place, manufacturer, for improvements on woollen carding engines. Sealed 20th of Oct.—Thomas Seville, of Royton, Lancashire, cotton spinner, for certain improve ments in machinery used in the preparing and spinning of cotton, flax, and other fibrous substances. Sealed 20th Oct.—Rowland Williams, of Manchester, fustian shearer, for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for raising, shearing, and finishing velvets or other piled goods, by power. Sealed 27th Oct. v t APV.H4ANIVPAN, ANt , CHINA, (Front the Times of yesterday.) Our despatches in anticipation of the - overland mail from India to the Ist of October reached us last night by express from Marseilles. Tile intelligence which they cdnyey is highly interesting. The decision of the government to send the armies towards Cabal, and to take possession, even for a short time, of that place, has given general satisfaction. The discontent occa sioned not only by the delays allowed to take piare since the army under General Pollock had arrived at Jellalabad, but by the prospect subsequently held out to the troops of their retreat from before the Affghans, had ceased, and in its stead confidence in the measures adopted and certainty of final success prevailed. This confidence was increased by the military movements in process of execution. General Nett, at the head of a chosen army of about 7000 men, haying left Candahar on the 10th of August, proceeded in the direction of Ghuznee and Cabal, while General England, with the re mainder of the troops lately stationed at Candahar, marched without encountering any obstacle worthy of notice back in safety to Quetta. Candahar has therefore been relinquished by the British. The progress of General Nott into the interior of Affghan istan appears, notwithstanding the distance from Candahar to Cabul (about 320 miles), and the accompanying dangers, to have been thus far fortunate. His corps is described as possessing in beasts of burden, &c., every facility for the ac complishment of the arduous undertaking. It would be useless to disguise the fact, that this march from Candahar to Cabal is one of great importance, for when successful it will demonstrate to the world that all the clamour about Affghan patriotism and their wonderful prowess was of no value. Intelligence from General Pollock to the 4th of September states that his troops had been eminently successful in their gradual movement to Gundamuck, and in routing some bodies of the enemy. The Arrival in the camp of Futteh Jung, the son and heir of Schah Soojah, who had effected his escape from the prison of Akhbar Khan, was considered, in the circumstances, as an event of great magnitude. He came from Cabul attended by fourteen persons, although only one was at first allowed to enter the camp, but orders were subsequently issued to admit the remainder. On his reaching General Pollock's tent a salute of welcome was in stantly fired. His reception proved the intentions of the general to be favourable to his rights as Sovereign of Cabul. The orders for a rapid move from Gundamuck to Cabul on the 6th or 7th of September had, it was said, been issued, but some doubts were entertained of that march being effected prior to the certainty of the approach of General Nott•from Ghuznee. Among the rumours was one that Akhbar Khan had been seized by the Kuzzilbashes, who constitute a large portion of the inhabitants of Cabul, and who, in order to save the city from destruction, were in the interest of the British alliance, and for that reason also protected the British prisoners. One item of painful news is that the gallant Sir Robert Sale was seriously indisposed, in consequence of an inflammation of the kidneys. There were many conflicting reports scat tered abroad respecting the prisoners, which subsequently , proved erroneous. "It would not surprise me," said one writer, " if a much greater number than is generally sup posed of the officers and soldiers said to have been massacred in January last should make their appearance on the arrival of the British troops at Cabul." A report was circulated in Bombay, on the Ist of October, to the effect that Ghuznee had opened its gates without any great resistance on the appearance of Nott's army. This fact, which the natives of India could have learned with ease, may be correct, but it requires official confirmation, which it was not likely to have until the two corps met in the neigh bourhood of Cabul. Sir Charles Napier left Bombay in the beginning of Sep tember for Scinde, in order to take the command or the troops from General England. Her Hajesty's 28th Regi ment had suffered severely from cholera during its passage to Kurrachee. The corps under the orders of General England was, after the districts around Quetta had been placed under the jurisdiction of the young Khan of Kelat, to come through the Bolan Pass on the 26th of September in order to take up its station near the Indus. The presence of this corps had become necessary in consequence of a quarrel and a conflict which had taken place between the Ameers of Hyderabad and some of their neighbours, the consequence of which was calculated to be, that both parties, or at least the weaker one, was likely to appeal to the British authorities for protection. The tyranny of the Ameers is proverbial, and the removal of their government would be a blessing to all the inhabitants of the banks of the Indus. It was therefore considered proba ble that the British government will, for its own sake, as well as for the advancement of civilization, be speedily in duced to control the oppressive acts of those mischievous despots. It seems to be expected in India that the British army, on the junction of the two corps at Cabul, will, subsequently to the liberation of the prisoners, be called upon to take decided steps for introducing a proper system of government and the administration of justice into the Sikh country. The present chief, Shere Singh, is described as being in a most difficult position, for he finds it almost impossible to control the fa natics and his soldiers, who, although forming a very small portion of the population, have, by their turbulence, long kept the Government at bay. Rumour asserts that Shere Singh had expressed to the supreme Government his desire to become a subsidized Monarch, and to place his country under the management of the British. The 14th of October was the annual festival of the Dussora, and disturbances were apprehended for that day, when all the Sikh soldiery go in a rabble to present their homage to the Chief. General Pol lock, on his return towards India, may therefore have ano ther object to attain worthy of the most energetic steps, viz., the taking possession of the Sikh country. The mass of that population, who are fully aware of the blessings pro duced by the British administration, are described as eager to obtain the management of civilized rulers, such as the British people have given to the other parts of Hindostan. The clamour raised against the campaign in Affghanistan will thereby be in some degree quashed; for the possession of the Punjaub and of the banks of the Indus, besides the' right of regulating the commerce of that noble river, will very soon enable the Indian government to make good any deficiency caused by the late expenditure of its finances. Those advantages are enhanced by the demonstration now afforded to the whole, of the Mahometans in Asia that they are unable in any spot of that continent to cope with the armies of England. The prospect thus held forth of form ing into a compact and easily administered whole is highly satisfactory to the Anglo-Indians, and will probably be rea lized without delay. Lord Ellenborough arrived on the 10th of September at Simla, the proximity of which place to Lahore, as well as many other indications, led many to consider the occupation of the Punjaub as probable. The Governor-General and the Commander-in-Chief being in the immediate vicinity of the Sikh capital, could without difficulty learn how the British forces, during their passage through the Punjauh, ought to conduct themselves, so as to support the introduction there of a good and just government. The different measures lately adopted towards the army have contributed very much to establish its efficiency, and to increase the confidence of the native soldiers in the actual government. In addition to the junior officers who had been appointed to all the regi ments in the service of the company, Lord Ellenborough has, it is asserted, recommended that one more captain be named to each regiment. The careful examination instituted into the augmented expenditure has produced official reports from the committees explanatory of the various comparatively new items, while it has also insured economy in the whole system. In the interior of India tranquillity prevails. with the ex ception of the mountain district of Bundelkund, whither a strong force was about to be sent in order to put down the disturbances effectually by destroying the forts of the petty chiefs. The rains were most plentiful throughout India in the month of September. The much-talked-of apprehensions entertained of a famine in the district near Delhi have vanished. The army of reserve has been ordered to assem ble on the Sutlej in the month of November, preparatory, as it is said, to some demonstration against the Sikhs. Their government at Lahore appeared to dread the-approach of the army of reserve, and had given orders at its powder mills to prepare a quantity of that article as quickly as pos sible for the emergency. There have been some serious losses in her Majesty's 50th and 62d Regiments while proceeding up the Ganges. A boat was swamped near Cawnpore, and 18 men of the 50th were drowned. A wing of the 62d going in boats near Bhagulpore was overtaken by a storm at night, which forced the boats from their moorings, and 38 men, including Lieu tenants Scobell and Gason were lost. The bark Ricardo, on its voyage from London to Calcutta, struck on a sand-bank in the Hooghly and heeled over, and in one minute went down. Ten persons were drowned. The Delhi Gazette of the 21st September, the latest paper received at the closing of the mail from the north-west of India, states that Akhbar Khan had resolved to abandon Cabul, and to take the prisoners to the Hindoo Koosh. It is to be regretted that the intelligence of the proceedings at Ghuznee or Cabul had not arrived at Bombay on the Ist of October. _ _ _ The failure of the house of Fergusson Brothers and Co.. at Calcutta, was much talked of. The amount of their lia bilities in India was stated to be little more than £lO,OOO. The cholera was making great ravages among the soldiers lately arrived in Bombay from Europe. CHINA. The news from China comes down to the 28th of July, and affords grounds for forming hopes of an approaching ter mination of the war there. After the arrival of the rein forcements, the expedition on the 13th of June entered the Yang-tze-Kiang, the most magnificent river of China, on the banks of which the Chinese bad erected many strong fortifi cations, and garrisoned them with large bodies of their best troops. Having passed three days in making observations and in taking soundings, which were seen and permitted by the Chinese, the fleet at daylight on the 16th prepared for action, a nd on the ships taking their stations the batteries from the shore opened. The progress and results of this con flict have been officially published in the following terms • CIRCULAR. gratifying duty of announcing further highly im portant successes of her Majesty's combined forces again de volves on her Majesty's Plenipotentiary in China. " After the necessary delay in destroying the batteries, magazines, foundries, barracks, and other public buildings, as well as the ordnance, arms, and ammunition, captured at Chapoo, the troops were re-embarked, and the expedition finally quitted that port on the 23d of May, and arrived on the 29th off the Rugged Islands, where it remained until the 13th of June, on which day it crossed the bar, which had been previously surveyed and buoyed off, into the Zang-tze- Kiang river to the point where the river is joined by the Woosung. "At this point the Chinese authorities had erected im mense lines of works to defend the entrances of both rivers, and seem to have been so confident of their ability to repel us, that they permitted a very close reconnaissance to be made in two of the small steamers by their Excellencies the Naval and Military Commanders-in-Chief on the 14th inst.; and even cheered and encouraged the boats which were sent in the same night to lay down buoys to guide the ships of war to their allotted positions of attack. " At daylight on the morning of the 16th the squadron weighed anchor, and proceeded to take up their respective stations, which was scarcely done when the batteries opened, and the cannonade on both sides was extremely heavy and unceasing for about two hours ; that of the Chinese then began to slacken, and the seamen and marines were landed at once, under the fire from the ships , and d r o ve the enem y out of the batteries before the troops could be disembarked and formed for advancing. " 253 guns (42 of them brass) were taken in the batteries, most of them of heavy calibre, and upwards of 11 feet long. The whole were mounted on pivot carriages of new and effi cient construction, and it was likewise observed that they were fitted with bamboo sights. "The casualties in the naval arm of the expedition amoun ted to 2 killed and 25 wounded, but the land forces had not a man touched. It appears almost miraculous that the cas ualties should not have been much greater, considering how her le s hs.ull, The e e well the Chinese served th e i r guns. Th e Bl on d e f r i ga t e h a d I S o e s s s o o fi n tri t s he ll p , a a rt nd of a t l h l e th e e ne s m hi y ps is or enga gedl4 s shot more in sup posed to have been about 80 killed, and a proportionate number wounded. " On the 17th of June some of the lighter vessels of the squadron advanced up the Woosung river, and found a bat tery deserted, mounting 55 guns, of which 17 were brass. " On the 19th two more batteries close to the city ofShang hai opened their guns on the advanced division of the light squadron, but on reciving a couple of broadsides the Chinese fled, and the batteries, which contained 48 guns (17 of them brass) were instantly occupied, and the troops took posses sion of the city, where the public buildings were destroyed, and the extensive government granaries given to the people. I• s His Efeateney the Admiral proceeded tip the river Woo sung with two of the small iron steamers on the 20th instant, about 53 miles beyond the city of Shang-hai, and in the re connoissance two additional field-works, each mounted four heavy guns, were taken and destroyed, bringing the total of ordnance captured in these operations up to the astonishing number of 364, of which 76 are of brass, and chiefly large handsome guns ; many of the brass guns have devices show ing that they have been cast lately"; several of them have Chinese characters signifying the tamer and subduer of the barbarians,' and one particularly large one is signified by the title of the barbarian." _ _ The Chinese high officers and troops are supposed to have in the direction of the cities of Soochow, Wang-chow-foo, and Mankin. The same high authorities have made another indirect attempt to retard active operations by an avowed wish to treat, and have also given a satisfactory proof of their anxiety to conciliate by the release of 16 of her Majesty's subjects (Europeans and natives of India) who had been kid napped ; but as the overtures were not grounded on the only basis on which they can be listened to, they were met by an intimation to that effect. " God save the Queen." " Dated on board the steam-frigate Queen, in the Yang tze-Kiang river (off Woosung), the 24th of June, 1849. "HENRY POTTINGEE, " Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary." The name of Lieutenant Hewitt, R.M., on board the Blonde, has been published as one of the two killed, his head having cut off by a round shot. The results of this victory have been remarkable. The Mandarins in the two most fertile provinces of China were dreadfully alarmed lest Wang-chow-Foo and Nankin should be taken and sacked, and the mouth of the Great Canal seized. They sent a flying express for a son or some other relation of Howqua, the old Hong merchant at Canton, in order to interpret between them and the British. They ex hibited a wish to make terms, but whether with the object of merely gaining time, does not appear certain. The approach of the expedition to the mouth of the Great Canal and the dangers that threaten Nankin would, it was thought, induce the Emperor to make an equitable arrangement, but doubts were still entertained of his being exactly informed of the truth. The efforts of the Chinese authorities to make resis tance have hitherto been very great. A. proclamation issued by the Emperor in the beginning of June breathes the most decided hostility to the " barbarians," but does not brag of the valour of his generals and soldiers. This proclamation, it ought to be remarked, is dated prior to the attack on Shang-hai. It is worthy of remark, that while Russia is described as busy, not only in exciting the Chinese against the just de mands of Great Britain, but in assisting them with officers, the "United States and France have sent their ships-of-war to watch our proceedings with that anomalous race, and, as it is openly declared, with the intention of demanding all the advantages that we may obtain by the expenditure of so much blood and money. The American and French frigates have sailed from the Canton river to the northern ports of China, which their ships were never before permitted to enter. LOSS OF THE WEST INDIA MAIL STEAMER ISIS. The Medway, royal mail steamer packet, Captain Smith, (anxiously looked for,) arrived in Mount's Bay (Penzance) on the morning of Thursday last. She left Vera Cruz on the 15th of September, Tampico on the 18th, New Orleans (mouth of the Mississipi) on the 23rd, and Havana on the Ist of October, bringing all the home mails, passengers, 1,500,000 dollars, cochineal, &c. The Medway arrived at Nassau on the 3rd of October, where she found the Isis, another of the Company's large steamers, Captain Loney. The Isis had touched on the reefs near Porto Rico on the 12th of September, after which she went to Turk's Island, then took down the Jamaica mails, and at Port Royal re ceived all the repairs she needed, when she was surveyed and pronounced in a safe condition to proceed to England. She left Jamaica on the 26th of September called at Turk's Island, where she found the Tweed, Clyde, and Larne. The Isis exchanged mates with the Tweed, which latter went to Jamaica, the Isis going on to Nassau, and joined the Med way on the 3rd of October, when both vessels started for England, the Medway having orders to keep company with the Isis, and not lose sight of each other during the voyage, if possible. They, however, encountered very boisterous weather up to the 9th, when it came on a perfect gale. By this time it was found unsafe to remain on board the Isis any longer ; so after severe and dangerous work, the crew, &c. were transferred to the Medway, close at hand, all safe, with the exception of one boy. This took place about thirty three miles of Gibb's Hill, at noon. The Medway kept off and on till next morning, the Isis still afloat, but the sea very high. As soon as they could manage it, the Medway came as near to the Isis as Prudent, when Captain Smith, Loney, and several other officers went aboard the Isis, to examine and see if it was possible to take her in tow; but all deemed it dangerous to undertake it. However, Captain Smith was unwilling to leave her, and determined to try and save her, if possible, by taking her in tow. He found from the reck oning, (the weather precluding any observations,) they were about twenty-eight miles from the southwest reefs, which position it was thought prudent should be confirmed, as breakers were seen a-head, by making the land (Bermuda.) This they did about sunset, the Isis being in sight from the mast-head. They returned to the place about where they supposed her to be, but could find no trace of her. They, however, remained till daylight next morning, (10 of Octo ber,) when they found all the light articles floating about, sufficient proof of her having foundered during the night. The Medway went into Barmuda, where she coaled. She sailed again on the 13th of October, and after a most tem pestuous passage reached Fayal on the 25th, as the Belgium steamer British Queen was leaving for England. The Med way left Fayal about twenty-six hours after the British Queen, but she met with very stormy weather, which obliged her to put into Mount's Bay. On the 24th of September the Medway saw the Solway on her way to the mouth of the Missiisipi. So the report of that vessel's loss in the Gulf of Mexico has arisen from the account of the loss of the Isis, and the fact of the Solway having met a violent hurricane on the 7th of September in the Gulf. The Thames got out from England to Granada, after a fine passage of nineteen days, on the 22nd of September, when the Tweed received from her the out. mails and went on to Turk's Islawd, exchanging routes with the Isis, and went on to Jamaica, the Isis coming in to Nassau. The Clyde and Larne are also in Turk's Island. The Lee sailed for Belize (Honduras) with mails on the 27th of September. Monte Video papers of the 20th of August have arrived. Rivera had, according to these, marched on the 17th from his encampment, with a force of 1,200 men. The news d ur i ng the week from the army operations in Entre Rios is the con firmation of the retreat of General Ur qu i za b e f ore t h e Uruguay array, towards the river Gualeguay. The progress o f Mr. G. J. R. Gordon on his way to Paraguay is advised in the notice that he had crossed the river Yi on the sth of that month. With respect to the prep arat i ons f or war i n the A rge ntine Republic, it is stated everything promised a formidable attack on Monte Video. It was, nevertheless, expected that the mediation of the English and French ministers would bring about a reconciliation without further bloodshed on either side. The Monte Video papers appear to be in favour of an immediate settlement of differences, more, it would seem, from the fear of not being able to maintain a successful opposition, than the desire to retire on the principle of peacemakers. Nothing of interest in the shape of commercial information is afforded by the present arrival, but it may be gathered from some cursory remarks made on the existing state of affairs, that the markets for British manufactures were in the same depressed condition as previously advised. THE NIGER EXPEDITION.—The last wreck of the Nigea * expedition has been extricated from the fatal river; and the people at the Model Farm, with the relics of the property, have been brought to Fernando Po. To the very last the events have been such as to stamp the expedition with rashness and cruelty ; even this supplemental expedition, greatly reduced, and profiting by the experience of previous disasters, suffered in proportion. Of eight or ten whites on board, but two were not laid up in sickness, the commander being one of the two. Again, it was a servant of the gentle man who warned Lord John Russell of the utter failure of the expedition who helped to rescue the Wilberforce on re turning from its second voyage ; a black boy, who had lear ned the use of the steam-engine on board Mr. Jamieson's trading steamer, worked the engine of the Wilberforce as it passed the Delta. The expedition has effected some disco veries. .It has discovered that which was told to its projec tors before it sailed from England, that the slave traffic which it was equipped to suppress in the Bight of Biafra had already ceased there; and that the legitimate commerce which it was to introduce had been rising and flourishing in the Bight for 20 years. It also discovered, what was told to its projectors before it left England, that the site chosen for an agricultural settlement could not be approached with out imminent risk to the lives of Europeans. Another no— table achievement was made, that the expedition went up the river about two-thirds of the distance previously ascended by merchant vessels ; and its crowning feat is, that in attempt ing to carry out the plans of the African Civilization Society, by carrying up merchandise, it has for the time expelled honest commerce—the very thing that it was to establish ! What next?—Spectator. We regret to hear that Lord Gillies has been obliged by ill health to tender his resignation as a judge of the Court of Session in Scotland. The vacancy upon the bench which the retirement of the learned lord will occasion has not, we be lieve, been as yet filled up ; but we have authority for stating that Duncan Macneel, Esq., who has been appointed Lord Advocate in the room of the late Sir William Rae, will be succeeded in the office of Solicitor-General in Scothind by Adam Anderson, Esq. The following appointments have also recently taken place :—C. J. Herries, Esq., barrister-at law, and son of the Right Hon. John Charles Herries, will be a Commissioner of Excise, in the room of the late Hon. Berkeley Paget ; and Lieutenant-Colonel Berkeley Drum mond, of the Scots Fusilier Guards, has been selected as the successor in the office of Groom in Waiting to her Majesty, of General Sir William Lumley, G.C.8., who has resigned. Sir W. Lumley had been for many years in the Royal House hold.—Times. Never during the last twenty years have Irish affairs at tracted less notice in England—where public attention is almost more easily excited to Irish politics than to her own— than during the last six months. Nay, the very discords of our Dublin contemporaries arc chiefly composed of discus sions on exclusively English questions, on Canadian policy, and on the mightier thetnes of European interest—occasion ally relieved by polite controversies on the prices of fat oxen and lean kine, and on the merits of this year's Ballyshannon fair compared with last year, or by personally interesting disquisitions on government patronage. Ireland is enjoying repose, prosperity, and freedom from political agitation under Lord de Grey's vice-royalty ; Dublin is once more exhibit.. ing the appearance of a metropolis of a great country ; con fidence is generally felt throughout the island in the honesty, moderation, and nationality of government; extensive plans of agricultural improvement are in course of projection and adoption by the great landed proprietors ; grievances where they exist are quickly redressed without reference to local polities, party spirit, or parliamentary influence, and en couragement is held out—not to violence, brutality, and seditious democracy—but to merit, public service, and per sonal qualifications.—Herald. COLLEGE ROBBERIES AT CAMBRIDGE.--A woman named Ann Phipps was on Saturday charged before the Mayor of Cambridge with the commission o f several robbe r i es o f pro perty belonging to members of different colleges. Mr. W. Johnson, scholar of King's College. On Thursday after noon he missed a writing-desk, which had been placed on a table near the fireplace in his sitting-room. He had seen it safe about 1 o'clock on the same day, when he locked it. It contained two £5 notes of Mortlock's bank, and two or three sovereigns. On the same day, about 9 o'clock in the evening, he missed five silver teaspoons, which had been placed in a cupboard in the sitting-room. The outer door was unlocked. The cupboard had been broken open. The desk produced was his property. Mr. W. S. Lewis, under graduate of Trinity College, stated that on Friday morning he missed his dressing-ease ; it bad been placed on a chest of drawers in his rooms in the college ; be had seen it safe about half-past 1 o'clock the day before. The case produced was his property. It had been forced open since he missed it. The marks on the case correspond w ith a screwdriver found at the prisoner's house. Mr. Daniel Foggo, under graduate of St. John's, stated, that he went out on Friday, about a quarter past 2 o'clock, and left his writing-desk lying open on his table, with the upper flap of the desk locked; he returned at 4 o'clock and the desk was gone. That produced was his property. It was found in a ditch, the upper flap having been broken open; missed also a silver crucifix, which bad been taken from his drawers. After some further evidence had been adduced, the prisoner was fully committed for trial. THEATRE-ROYAL, LIVERPOOL. MST WEEK OF THE WINTER SEASON: AI. , R. BROWNE, of the Theatre-Royal, Drury-lane; . aal. the principal American Theatres, is engaged for a lii mited number of nights, and will appear THIS EVENING, (Tuesday,) the Bth instant, in the Comedy of . WILD OATS. Rover To conclude with DON GIOVANNI. THE INFANT SAPPHO. UNDER HER MAJESTY'S PRINCE Al.4fi ER7 S ESPECIAL PATRONAGE. THIS extraordinary Child will have the honcinr of giving THREE 'MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENTS, at the ROYAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, Great George-stiect, on MON DAY, WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY EVENI i IGS, November 14th, I6th, and IStl;, at Eight o'clock, whet she will sing a variety of Italian, English, Scotch, and Irish Melodies, including several of her own Compositions. Between the songs of the Sappho, Mr. VINNING will perform some of Mori's Pieces on the VIOLIN, accompanied by Miss AMELIA_ VINNING on the PIANo-FoaTa. The performance will only occupy an hour. Tickets, 3s. Gallery, 2s. Children and Schools, half-price. Tickets to be had at the principal Music-shops. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We have no vacancy for the services of " Critico." We have no recollection of publishing the letter to which that of " Vindex" is a reply Several communications are postponed, in consequence of the details of Indian and China intelligence requiring so much of our space. Our Radical contemporaries are levelling wrathful diatribes at the head of the retiring Mayor. And for what? Mr. Leigh is accused of having been chary of his " feeds." This is the head and front of his offending. Perhaps we are interfering unnecessarily with the subject; but we make bold to say, that Mr. Leigh has entertained at dinner as many, and more persons than any Mayor since the passing of the Municipal Reform Bill, with one excep tion. This may be news to some of our brethren of the Radical press, but it is nevertheless capable of proof. Eb 7Libtrpool &tanbarb. TUESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 8, 1842. The cause of the deteriorated and still deteriorating condition of the British labourer is a problem upon which both the statesman and the economist have of late exhausted their ingenuity. The increase of ma chinery, the mania for cheapness of production, the corn-laws, the new poor-law, the currency—all these have been dwelt upon as more or less conducive to the result complained of by the working man, and deplored by the philanthropist ; whilst one fertile cause of the wide-spreading evil has, we submit, been hitherto entirely overlooked, or, at all events, not sufficiently considered. It is impossible for any thinking man, residing in or visiting frequently this great port, to pass along the neighbourhood of its steam-docks without being struck with the sight of the multitudes of half-clad human beings whom every packet from the sister island lands upon our quays. It is impossible during the summer and autumnal months to enter Liver pool, from any point, without seeing the lanes crowded with these immigrants, tramping, with reaping hook or potatoe fork, to the farming districts around us. Sturdy limbs they bring with them, though care is marked upon their haggard and wild features. Indo mitable perseverance, too, they possess, or have put on for the occasion; self-denial, the most rigid, charac terises every movement towards the end for which they have visited our land. Onward they pass, from village to village, from farmstead to farmstead ; and it is not until the last sheaf is gathered from our fields, or the last potatoe dug up from the furrow, that we see them, still exhibiting the same weather-beaten, tattered aspect, the same careworn features, the same rigid parsimony, returning, troop by troop, to be once more transported—haply by the guardians of the poor of Liverpool—to the mud cabins and the bogs from which the summer and the prospect of gain enticed them. These wretched-looking beings bear with them, fast stitched up in some corner of their dilapidated gar ments, the winter comforts, the winter fuel, the warm clothing for the aged and the schooling for the chil dren, of thousands upon thousands of the husbandmen of England ! In times now past, the harvest of the farmer was the harvest also of his labourer, and of his labourer's wife and children. The mowing time, the hay time, the reaping and the gleaning, furnished to the cottager the opportunity, and the only one, of laying up a purse to supply the exigencies of sickness or the rigours- of winter. Now he lives under a changed state of things. The ill-paid slavery of the fields is his lot in health. He toils through the winter's snow and the driving rain ; he ploughs and he sows ; but when the change of seasons has brought round the period in which his labour was once pro ductive labour, a band of strange men step between him and his hopes, and, because at less cost to the farmer, they reap and secure the harvest. The mea dows ripen for the scythe; the corn waves yellow for the sickle; but he and they who, with him, in time past, looked forward with joy to that gladdening sight, stand now, with folded arms, by their cheerless threshold, whilst others gather in the harvest and bear away the reward ! The irruption of a swarm of locusts, covering and eating up the produce of his fertile fields, could not be more disastrous to the hopes of the farmer than is this irruption of migratory labour to the hopes of the British husbandman. The existence of that once contented and happy race of men is now, in too many of our agricultural districts, hut one long struggle with the bitterness of poverty, unenlivened by even a solitary gleam of joy's sunlight, which once visited his cottage home, and brings with it the dreary pros pect of the workhouse as the probable refuge of his declining years. Yet, does the stranger, who thus snatches his comforts from his lips, enjoy himself that good which he takes away ? Does the poor immi grant—and heaven forbid that upon his head an ill feeling should rest, for that to which hard necessity drives him !—does the poor Irish reaper fatten upon the hard-earned store Nyhich he carries back to his native bogs ? We fear not ! The spendthrift land lord, the griping middleman, the exacting priesthood, and—worst extortioner of all—the selfish Agitator, sweep away the gains for which their wretched serf and dupe toils in a strange land, and for the want of which the British husbandman starves in his native fields, and occupies. at last, a union bastile and a pauper's grave ! . . - _ .. - for is the depreciation of the value of British labour, caused by this continual influx of the semi . pauper labour of Ireland, confined to the agricultural districts. In every large town throughout Great Britain, that description of labour which is not artisan labour is performed by an Irish population, located in some filthy suburb, existing upon food such as an Englishman would cast from him with disgust, and working for a pittance upon which an Englishman would vainly attempt to subsist. The hands of Irishmen sink our sewers, pave our streets, carry mortar and bricks for our buildings—perform, in fact, the drudgery of labour, and subsist in content upon its miserable remuneration—whilst able-bodied Englishmen pine in our workhouses, or beg in our streets. In our manufacturing towns, they compose nearly one-third of the working population, toiling in the worst paid departments, and ever ready to grasp at employment at still further reduced wages. As artisans, they crowd the workshops of the slopseller, the puffing upholsterer or cabinet-maker, the shoe maker, the tailor, and, in fact, the second and third rate professors of every branch of handicraft; and by the production, by their low-priced labour, of trashy commodities, added to the effect of their constant pressure upon the market for employment, they have not only caused a ruinous reduction in the price of moderately-skilled labour, but they have aided mate rially in damaging the reputation of every British manufactured commodity, and in circumscribing the demand for the services of the best-remunerated and best-skilled labourer. No direct legislative measure, it is true, can now remove the effect which this IRISH DELUGE upon the British market for labour has produced. No legisla tive measure ought, directly, to attempt it. Yet the evil is palpable. Ireland—pauperised Ireland—is fast pauperising Great Britain, and is fast PAPALISING her too ! Her lower classes, as they sink into poverty, are sinking at the same time into the arms of the same blinding superstition which is professed by those who are depressing the market for their labour, and who are fast becoming the majority of her working popu lation. Tell us of the spread of Popery amongst us— of the increase of chapels, of nunneries, and of mo nasteries, in this Protestant land ! 'Why here is the fertile cause. Popery and poverty—twin curses, who go ever hand in hand—are trampling doltil the demo cracy of once happy PROTESTANT ENGLAND; and the disastrous visitation comes from--not misgo verned,7 not " oppressed," but from—PoPISII, PLUN DERED, PRIEST-RIDDEN, and PAUPERISED IRE LAND ! Legislation, we admit, can do little to arrest this disastrous visitation directly. But indirectly legisla tion can do much. Let its efforts be directed to elevate the condition of the Irish labourer in his own country. Let its efforts be directed to the PROTESTANTISING of that blinded and wretched people ! And it is not by a temporizing policy—it is not by playing into the hands of an alien priesthood—that this consummation Can be arrived at. Give Ireland A SOUND SYSTEM OF PROTESTANT EDUCATION ! Remodel her electoral system—that very system which sends annually the tens of thousands of migratory labourers who reap the harvests of the British farmer. Bind those labourers, by the ties of interest and gratitude, to their native soil ; and England, relieved of the drain upon her resources, which is yearly made, to feed improvidence and Popery in Ireland, may once more be able to shew to the world " A loyal yeomanry, their country's pride," and to raise her labouring masses from the poverty which now threatens to ingulf them Our Police-court is certainly one of the most im portant, and, on the whole, best managed establishments in the town ; but we have, nevertheless, witnessed much within its precincts, and particularly of late, which, in our opinion, requires considerable amend ment—especially in practical details. On the present occasion we can direct the attention of the public to one branch or department only, connected with that tribunal, to the conduct of which we hold strong exception. Our present remarks refer to a secondary officer of the court; and lest it might erroneously be supposed that we have in reserve some serious reprehensions to address to his superior, it were but candid to prevent such impression by admitting, in the outset, that, in our thinking, our present Stipendiary Magistrate— considering his short experience as compared with that of his accomplished and popular predecessor, and the difficulties arising from the multiplication of cases amidst the rapidly increasing, and for the most part uneducated portion of the community in which the majority of delinquents naturally arise,—it were but fair, we say, to admit that, under such circumstances, Mr. Rushton's conduct of his court has, with slight exceptions, been highly creditable to him as a man and a lawyer ; that he has greatly improved himself, not only in his acquaintance with the locality in which he holds jurisdiction, as regards criminalities and mal practices, and with the laws affecting offenders; but in aptitude to deal with the numerous cases that come before him, so as to effect, within reasonable hours, "a daily Bridewell delivery," if we may so term it. We believe, indeed, that his decisions—though, per chance, sometimes rather hastily arrived at—are founded on his belief of the preponderance of evidence, and that his errors are those of judgment, his purpose being to administer the law with impartiality—a praise which, from us, who have a vivid remembrance of his previously strong and antagonist opinions, may be considered great, as it is sincere. There are some points, however, on which, from want of a personal or correct knowledge of facts, circumstances, or charac ter ; and the too easy credence given to certain classes of witnesses in preference to others, this gentleman is, we think, occasionally led into mistakes. On these we shall hereafter remark, with a view, if possible, to the future avoidance of such aberrations. We have now, we repeat, to deal with another func tionary of the police-court, inferior in rank and infi nitely so in general talent to our stipendiary. We allude to Mr. Matthew Morris George Dowling. We know nothing ourselves, and have heard Dale or nothing, of Mr. Dowling as a private individual. Our business with him is as a public officer only. Mr. Dowling originally belonged to the Bow-street Police Establish ' ment, from which he came to this town, and filled the post of Superintendent of the Dock Police. He was promoted to the office of Commissioner of Police of the Borough, which he has held for a number of years, at a salary of £5OO per annum. His duties are—and we believe we are correctly informed—to take clown all charges of felony; to Submit to the magistrates reports of transactions in the town involving police enquiry; to investigate and prepare evidence affecting parties implicated in, or suspected of, crime, in the locality especially; and to conduct the necessary correspond ence with other police establishments, or other persons, throughout the country, for the purpose of bringing to justice offenders known, suspected, or escaped. Mr. Dowling, we are bound to believe, has executed these duties to the satisfaction of the magistrates, and of the town council, by whom he is appointed, otherwise he would doubtless have been superseded by a more effi cient individual : and we may add that we remember some serious cases (and among them that of "the Laurel-street gang") in which he evinced praiseworthy activity, in conjunction with assistant officers, in clear ing up the facts, recovering much of the property, and bringing the several charges home to the delinquents. Stars will, however, sometimes shoot from their spheres ; and whether Mr. Dowling's ambition soared above his rank in our constabulary force, or he was actuated by other motives, we know not ; but he as pired to a higher station some few years ago. He be took himself for a short season to the metropolis— began to study the law, and on payment of the accus tomed fees and feeds in due time arrived at the rank and title of barrister. It is somewhat to be lamented that gentlemen should so far mistake their forte as to aim at situations in life, for which their abilities, natu ral and acquired, do not qualify them to arrive at emi nence. But this is a matter with which we have little or nothing to do. If an evil at all, it affects only the individual himself; for, in the moral as in the physical world, brain as well as water abhors all elevation beyond its natural and proper level ; and this truth would soon, we opine, have been discovered by Mr. Dowling had he taken his place at the bar, like other aspirants, immediately after his preparatory digestion of Coke upon Littelton, and sumptuous dinners in the Temple. He probably, however, entertained a prudent presen timent that without considerable previous practice, his career, a priori, would probably be brief—or rather briefless; and retaining, therefore, his commissioner ship, with its comfortable emoluments, he has since continued to insinuate himself into a sort of practice in advocacy at the Police-court,—the better, we presume, to qualify himself for the higher station which he holds in expectancy—but to the frequent hindrance and un necessary prolongation of the business of that estab lishment. He began by endeavouring to enlighten the court occasionally, by opening speeches on selected cases, on which evidence was to be submitted, and in the management of which (always contriving to con nect himself with the case) he desired to shew off his vigilance and legal acumen; but these essays were ge- nerally (as they are yet on similar occasions) blunder ing and clumsy, and 'the disjointed matter of his addresses was much better and more legitimately conveyed by the witnesses themselves. Not con tented with this sort of display in a small way, Mr. Dowling has of late frequently come into court " big with speech," and forthwith—relieving the ma gistrate of his arduous duties for the time—has pro ceeded to interrogate the witnesses seriatim with all the formality pertaining to a final court of adjudicature, but with such singular irregularity and want of tact, as fully demonstrate a very slender study of "Roscoe on Evidence." If the first 'testimony adduced is in sufficient, and leaves the matter in doubt, a tail-piece or after-clap is introduced to clench it—a questionable sort of justice. • We have long marvelled that Mr. Rushton should suffer this gentleman to assume the magisterial functions which belong solely to the bench—that he should tolerate any thing ap proaching to this special pleading against an unfor tunate prisoner in, after all, a merely preliminary court of enquiry, as regards felonies and serious charges in particular. But we take our stand on higher grounds. We question in toto the strict legality of such inter ference. If we are not greatly mistaken, Mr. Dowling has no right to interrogate the witnesses. It is his duty to collect all the evidence he can against a pri soner, and to sift it before it is adduced—retaining what may appear valid and culpatory, and rejecting all that is redundant and irrelevant. But it is not his province to erect himself into an advocate in that court. The prisoner will be pretty ivell hedged in by the rigours of the law without him. We know, indeed, of no parallel assumption in any court of petty sessions. He (or the magistrates' clerks), in order to elicit the whole truth, may suggest questions to, or advise with, the bench, on particular points that arise or may have been overlooked, but nothing beyond this. The practice noticed—a novelty which we strongly repre hend—is moreover inconsistent with his own higher, and as they ought to be unsuspected and impartial, functions as " the public prosecutor," which, in fact, he is. His name, in this latter capacity, appears upon the face of every indictment against a prisoner in the borough, preferred in courts of quarter sessions and assizes. If he is an advocate in the Police-court, he has an equal right to be so in the other courts in which the case is finally disposed of; but if he should there present himself in his wig and gown in such capacity, and take upon himself the conduct of the prosecution, we imagine that his "learned brother " for the defence, and even the judge himself, would soon give him intimation that he was stepping beyond his authority. On the other hand, if he be an advo cate for the crown (which we do not admit), he has no right to be public prosecutor with his name on the indictment. The thing, indeed, appears to us to be a monstrous perversion of the constitutional principles acknowledged and acted upon in reference to accused persons in our higher courts of adjudicature. It might pass smoothly in France, where the system goes even to entrap a prisoner into admissions ; but it is not, we think, either English feeling or English law. In the anxiety to procure commitments, Mr. Dowling frequently permits his zeal to overstep his discretion : and be is thus sometimes placed ,in the unenviable position of having discovered what are vulgarly known As " mare's nests"—of which we have some recent instances. The town was ransacked by him to procure evidence on two late occasions of suspected arson; and Nye venture to say, that no one who reads the evidence Yet adduced, in either case can, for a moment doubt that—if nothing further be forthcoming—the prisoners will be acquitted; if, indeed, the Grand Jury do not cut the bills. This sort of work may be carried further than justice demands. The charge is one of great seriousness, affecting even the lives of the prisoners; and should they be acquitted, on the very doubtful evidence that has appeared—(and which is not only possible but highly probable)—and their innocency established in candid and intelligent minds, a gross injustice will have been inflicted : for the world at large is harsh-thinking and suspicious, and a stigma will attach to the characters of the accused from the very accusation, which even a long course of rectitude of con duct on their part may not be sufficient to remove. We admit that there are strong grounds for suspicion, and that the offence is one which, for the public safety, requires the strictest investigation. We do not blame the committing magistrate, who, under the circum , stances, had no other resource—pushed as matters were to the extreme. But the pursuit for justice, like the exercise of mercy, should not be overstrained ; for then—besides the cost of the subsequent proceedings , to the public—the law, in case even of acquittal, be comes a two-edged sword, from the cut of which the ; innocent themselves cannot escape. We have received another communication from Mr. David M'Clellan, the chairman of Mr. Fawcett's com mittee, upon the subject of the placard referred to in our last publication. 'lhe communication in question will be found in our advertising columns. We have a few remarks, however, to make upon it, to which we beg the attention of the electors of Pitt-street Ward, and of Mr. David M'Clellan in particular. Mr. Fawcett's chairman says, alluding to the article upon this subject in our last— " In that article you have misrepresented (of course, un intentionally) the statement, to the truth of which my honour was pledged. What was that statement? Not that no such donation"—viz., of five pounds to the Strangers' Friends Committee—" had been given, but that the committee had ascertained that neither the secretary nor the treasurer had auy knowledge of such donation having been .received, either last year, (and, mark', that was Mr. Taylor's assertion,) or even in this. How had the committee ascertained this fact? " In the case of the secretary, by positive assurance on his part, that he knew nothing about it ; and in the case of the treasurer, by the strongest inferential evidence, both oral and documentary. • " It was not asserted, that either the treasurer or the se cretary had been seen, or that either of them had directly or indirectly authorized the publication of the placard com plained of." Now, we.ask, how did we misrepresent the state ment, to the truth of which Mr. IVlTlellan's " HO NOUR" was pledged? We gave THE STATEMENT ITSELF, verbatim et literatim, in which that gentleman says—" Mr. FAWCETT'S COMMITTEE are enabled to STATE POSITIVELY, that neither the Secretary nor the Treasurer of the STRANGERS' FRIEND SOCIETY have any knowledge of " the donation in question— " NO SUCH DONATION OF £5 having Come to their hands, EITHER DURING THE COURSE OF LAST YEAR or EVEN in the PRESENT YEAR." Mr. M'Clellan explains now, however, that his statement was " not that no such donation had been given, but that neither the secretary nor the treasurer had any knowledge of such donation having been received." And how does he proceed to prove that he was justified in stating that " neither the secretary nor the treasurer" had any knowledge of , the fact ? In the case of the secretary, he says, " by positive assurance that he knew nothing about it." Did the secretary consult his books, we ask ? No ; we hear nothing of that kind. But, to Mr. M'Clellan's inquiry, as to the impertinent inquiry of any other busy individual, made in the street or elsewhere, he stated that he knew nothing whether Mr. Taylor had given such a donation or not. And upon such information, so far as the secretary was concerned, the committee could "STATE POSITIVELY" and PLEDGE THEIR HONOUR to this fact or any other fact But what of the treasurer ? What warrant had they for giving his authority to their denial of Mr. Taylor's assertion of his having made this donation ? Mr. M'Clellan says " the strongest inferential evidence both oral and documentary." Most strongly we suspect that Mr. David M'Clellan does not understand the meaning of the language which he uses. Inferential evidence ! What right has any man or any set of men to " STATE POSITIVELY" or " PLEDGE THEIR .HONOUR" upon "Inferential Evidence 1" No jury would hang a cat upon " Inferential Evidence"; and, most assuredly no honest and respectable man's cha racter should be damned in the estimation of his fel low-toWnsmen upon such authority. Had Mr. David M'Clellan seen the treasurer, as he says he had seen and catechised the secretary upon the subject ? No I He had not; and we marvel at the hardihood with which he now talks of his " inferential evidence both oral-and-documentary" in support of this statement. " The committee bad ascertained," &c., &c. The committee had ascertained no such things as are com prised in these etcatera. The committee had ascer tained NOTHING ! It was a trumped-up story from first to last. The concluding portion of the letter quoted is, how ever, the most quibbling and Jesuitical of the whole. "It was not asserted that either the treasurer had been seen, or that either of them had, directly or indirectly, authorized the publication of the placard complained of." So says Mr. David M'Clellan in his letter in our columns of this day. But can that gentleman per suade any dozen men, who understand the English language, that the placard did not convey or was not meant to convey the fact that the repudiation of Mr. John Taylor, as a subscriber to this institution, was made upon the authority of the parties in question. We say unhesitatingly no man can deny that such was its obvious meaning, and that such meaning must have been intended! And now, in conclusion—and we trust that Mr. David M'Clellan will have the good sense to let the matter rest here—we give the letter of Mr. Ashton, the treasurer to the Strangers' Friend Society, to which we alluded in our last. We give it the benefit of si milar type to that which has graced Mr. M'Clellan's perpetrations " To JOHN TAYLOR, Esq., Edge-lane. " SIR,—In answer to your note, 1 beg to state that I re ceived from you, through our mutual friend Mr. Thos. Kaye, ON THE 11TH JANUARY, 1842, a donation Of FIVE POUNDS, Which, I believe, was ACKNOWLEDGED in the LIVERPOOL COURIER OF THE DAY FOLLOWING. "I am, Sir, your most obedient servant, " MICHAEL ASHTON, " Treasurer to the Strangers' Friend Society. " Liverpool, 3rd Nov., 1842. " The Sentende in the placard uhieh has been spewed td me I HAD NO KNOWLEDGE OF WHATEVER before I saw if in print. No person whatever communicated with me on the subject, directly or indirectly ; therefore no one had, or COULD HAVE, any authority from tie. " M. A." A comprehensive outline of the scheme of education which is about to be adopted at the Collegiate Institu tion is inserted in our columns of this day, to which e invite the attention of our readers. The pecuniary' gradation appears admirably adapted to the wants of the community, and will enable all classes to procure for their children at home a sound education based upon religion. The Institution will be opened at the end of January, and there is reason to believe that the schools will be well filled. Indeed, it would be unreasonable to sup pose for a moment that a population of 300,000 souls, which has, on so many occasions, proved itself so feel ingly alive to the importance of religious education, would withhold its warmest support from an Institu tion, in which, by a fundamental law, religious instruc tion will for ever be indissolubly connected with secular knowledge. The appointment of the Rev. Principal, Mr. Cony beare, has, we are happy to learn, given general satis faction to the friends of the Institution, and it is con fidently expected that, under his able superintendence , the Institution will speedily rank high among the edu cational institutions of the country. And knowing, as we do, in addition, the unanimity of purpose and feeling which pervades the directors, and the perfect reliances which the public place in their disinterested zeal for the success of the Institution, we await the period of its opening with a perfect confidence as to the result. It will be observed that the committee are anxious to ascertain the number of pupils which may be expected to attend the schools : and we trust that parents and guardians will at once comply with their request, by which ,they will be rendering material assistance to wards perfecting the numerous arrangements :which must necessarily be required prior to the opening of so important an Institution. LOCAL NEWS. At the Quarter Sessions, held on Thursday last, Mr. Wm. Cleaver was appointed clerk to the visiting justices of the Lunatic Asylums in this division. PREFERMENT.—The Macclesfield Courier states that the Rev. James Dixon, of Trinity Church, in this town, has been appointed incumbent of Marple, Cheshire. THE CHASE.—Sir W. M. Stanley's hounds will meet 0 0 Thursday, 10, at Trafford Village. Saturday, 12, at.. Tuesday, 15, at.. at eleven o'clock. FEVER IN LIVERPOOL--The population of Liverpool is stated at 250,000; and of this number the working classes are said to comprise about 175.000• Of these Dr. Duncan calculates that no fewer than 7,000 are annually afflicted with fever, "giving an average of 1 in 25 of the working population annually affected with fever : a higher ratio, I believe, than is afforded by any other town in England." • RODNEY-STREET WARD.—We have heard that a certain alderman, who has frequently shewu that he has no mean opinion of his own influence and power, has boasted that Mr. Birkett shall not be returned as representative for Rod ney-street Ward, at the next municipal election. Of c ourse such an empty boast can be pardoned, whilst the party is smarting under, its late ignominious defeat; and their only consolation left, is the indulgence of envy against the leading gentlemen amongst their apponents, and the imitation of the conduct of children who forget the past thrashing in an un availing threat, "I'll be up to you next time." THREATENING SHIPWRIGHTS NOT NATIVES Or TO TOWN.—Yesterday, three journeymen shipwrights applied to Mr. Rushton for summonses against a number of others , who had threatened them and flung stones at them while the were at work in No. 5, Graving Dock. They each stated that a crowd of shipwrights assembled, some of whom threw stones at them to compel them to give up work—stating tha t the society had come to the resolution that none should work at the trade but natives of Liverpool. Mr. Rushton granted three warrants, stating that the magistrates would never per mit such conduct, and if they persisted they would them' selves be the greatest sufferers. SINGULAR OCCURRENCE : A VESSEL SAILING AWAY !"-. The schooner Edward, Captain Hughes, with a cargo of coal , was lying at anchor off Woodside. On Wednesday last, the captain and crew having gone on shore, she was driven in the course of the night, by a fresh south-easterly breeze, seaward. Fortunately, about half-past six o'clock next morning, sbn was descried by three boatmen, namely, Richard Clapcoat, Thomas Fell, and Richard Blower, close to the ForinbY Lightship, and brought back to port. Had these men no t fallen iu with her, she would, it is probable, have driven on the North Bank, and become a complete wreck. Much cre dit is due to the three boatmen for their exertions in saving the vessel : they will, no doubt, be well rewarded. HEROIC CONDUCT.—On Saturday afternoon, as a fema le was stepping on board one of the Woodside steam-boats ber foot slipped and she fell into the river, when Mr. William Pike, a young gentleman who resides at Woodside, wh o happened to be on board the packet, instantly threw ir 1115 coat and jumped into the river to rescue the female, and suc ceeded in grasping her when she was sinking the second time, and safely brought her to land, amid the congratulations °I a large number of persons who were on board at the time. She was conveyed home without sustaining any other incon - , venience than the loss of some trifling articles and a goo d ducking. The parties who witnessed the conduct of IVlr. Pike are about raising a subscription for the purpose of pre senting this young gentleman . with a testimonial of their esteem for his praiseworthy conduct. EYE AND EAR is with regret that, in drawing the attention of the public to this charity, we hoe occasion to allude to the present inadequacy of its funds. We are given to understand that the debt, with which it com menced this year, has been considerably increased, and the committee are fearful they will have to curtail its usefulnes s, unless prompt assistance is afforded. On reference to th e last report, it appears that near ten thousand a pplication s bad been attended to, and medicines found, at an exp ense under £250, which alone is a convincing proof of the great good:resulting at so small a cost. When so many workme n from the various trades and public companies of the tool receive the benefits of this charity, our astonishment is gre e at finding so few of the wealthy individuals who employ th ese ,. labourers amongst its subscribers ; and we trust this sh oo notice of its embarrasments may prove a means of bringing it fresh aid. MEETING OF THE COUNCIL.—To-morrow the first meeting of the town-council for the present municipal yea r will be held, when the following, amongst other subjects, will be brought forward :—The election of mayor ; the elec tions of two members of the council to he members of t he committee for the affairs of the estate of the trustees of th e Liverpool docks, upon two vacancies, caused by James i Mellor and Henry Robertson Sandbach Esqrs. having cea se to be members of the council ; the,efection of four of the twelve auditors of accounts under the dock acts; tbe mayor's allowance ; the appointment of the three follo wing quarterly meetings of the council for 1842-43 ; the appoint: ment of committees, with such powers under the local ac” of the last session, in addition to former powers or other' wise, and such instructions, general or special, if any, as 01 ! council may think proper ; the appointment of a commissio ner untie' the local act for paving, &c.. the township of Birken head, and for regulating the police thereof, in lieu of Thoin,a, s . Bolton, Esq. who has ceased to he a member of the cann el ' ' the appointment of a trustee under the local act of 7 GO', IV, for establishing St. James' Cemetery, in lieu of Danie' Mather, Esq. who has ceased to be a member of the coup the appointment of ten members of the council as comnur r sioners to carry into execution the local act of 5 Geo. 11r. the better regulation and encouragement of pilots for tut conducting of ships and vessels into and out of the pot of Liverpool, in lieu of H. R. Sandbach, Daniel Mather' Thomas Bolton, James Mellor, Thomas Robinson, Fra ncis Jordan, John Smith, Richard Bright, John Barton, a e s R. E. Harvey, Esqrs. who have ceased to be members of tit council; the appointment of the various committees fo r the ensuing year. CHARGE OF ASSAULT AGAINST A CAPTAIN.--At tije Police-court yesterday, Captain Kennard, of the 1 1 Thomas, (who was last week, it will be remembered, ti?e„. for an assault upon his mate,) appeared to answer en otL ta and more violent assault, while at sea, on the person of Tl ie of his crew, who Was witness on the former occasion. I.le, complainant, Lorenzo Tichate, who appeared to be very "!. and who came from the Infirmary, in which he is still ti patient, was permitted to sit while he gave his testimony' Mr. Fischer was sworn as his interpreter, and a g eittlel. of the Consulate of Austria, (of which country he is a sa,e ject,) was also present. The complainant (a Venetian) gai. a long account of the homeward voyage as affected Ilims.el;, but a - few of the facts (as his testimony was afterwar ds 10 pugued, will suffice.) He sailed with the vessel from VT; pico on the 26th of July, He was then well, but a bout_ , days after was seized with fever. On the 15th Septet:lD:.l, the captain struck the mate, and afterwards hire, end eon " nued to heat him every clay- -on one occasion using a r` l , then a piece of iron, and finally, when he was knocked I dolc e t ra mpled on and kicked him with the heels of his boots. struck him all over the body, and be had been ill ever si nee r , At one time he struck him in the abdomen, and he site wards became ruptured in consequence. A formation a 5 peered four days after, which ended in the rupture. He lilt. no such rupture before.—On cross-examination by. I . a t Wardle, he stated that he had a truss given to 1 111 " „ 0 the hospital, but admitted that he had an old one .'d, b oar d b e f or e, given to him by the passenger who th e $ and that he had also, while on shore at Vera Cruz, wornde truss as far back as three years ago, but only when he r ° • , on horseback. He also admitted having committed a oolitic sauce on board on more than one occasion, for which s° p d of the floggings were given. —The log-book was here re ferr :i"o to, to show that, at the time the first flogging was given , rK the crew were in a state of disobedience, and refused to w the ship, so that " the captain was driven out of his wit s .'l, and had to " flog all hands round." The mate (Colth urst e who last week charged the captain with assault, and in wh, ° J, writing the log was, was called on this point; but he sta ?„, that although he had written the account there given, it ear o from the written copy and directions of the captain (u,'as he was obliged to? obey), was not his own thoughts, and die not in fact true. This put the log-book, as evidence iii °r case, overboard.—After some further testimony of n , importance, Mr. Brandreth, house-surgeon of the I nfix was called, and described sundry injuries, including the . ' tare, on the person of the complainant; also infiamseala of the chest, which last, from what the man himself had t h y it him, he conceived to be produced by violence, though'," might have arisen from cold or other natural causes. rupture appeared to be an old one, of considerable start din" —The French boy called in the former case was then ean,!;,e and spoke to continual beatings given by the c a p tain to /4;1. complainant, some for his filthy habits, and many otherS ca the least things possible.—Mr. Rushton said no depend l ie d could be placed upon the testimony of the Italian, who that evidently been ruptured before he went on board, so that part of the case fell to the ground, though the circumsta were highly suspicious. It was clear to him that the captaa!e, had treated his crew—all of whom were ill—with unnecess violence—with, indeed,. a wanton abuse butn o o t f h a in u g th t o o rl u ty s . tify 'r s h o e c r i; was some extenuation in the case, then' conduct to men who, in their illness, struggled . to do _„ t best. He was not satisfied, moreover, with the treatrnuou, given to the poor man, Gray (who went overboard), butu this therm was no distinct evidence. Under the cire. stances, the captain must he released.—The mate o u f ia l_i: s vessel, and also the Italian, yesterday applied for ammo !,!,, against the captain for their wages. It was stated that_tasii first case would be heard hereafter, and that he agreed to the Italian his demand. bA!•;cr: nrrangenat his resides the genen .1311 EAR night last, broke intc dealer and all ( l .carrie Is low, an effected ar noise was tween one could disc reutly on] taken hay the same than thre( It will column, tl sieal Sa lrn Bed that I Vauxhall. I? eculiat li t re , lneixtei lord. Th Nlingard, deservedll ballad - me; exquisite wany atti We can o and judge TILE Bi tree near fifty sere: belonging following Bruxelles it had a l si also the n It ha s s i n t empts to since its 1 Possessiot TIMAT season las ournstano It will be the public he is a ste Mr. Thal art, w in , !iiderable its hundr loud and Possessing Mr. J. A treat o the conce the name Play a du , Is general Panoforl of the ar anticipate PerFormai tested ; ii would no that the li ii