The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-06-20 00:00:00

REVIEWS OF BOOKS. Himalayan Journals; or, Notes of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepaul Himalayas, the Khania Mountains, 4c. By Joseph D. Hooker, M.D. London : Murray. Among the various branches of science that have risen to eminence during the long period of European peace, which has prevailed since nearly the commencement of the present century, few have received more practical culture, or yielded more gratifying results to their cultivators, than the science of physical geography, and the nume rous sub-branches of which it is composed. Ex tensive additions have been made to our knowledge of geodesy, hydrography, botany, and ethnology ; while geology may be said to have grown into a science since the thunders of Waterloo, by givi ng peace to the continent of Europe, allowed the energies of her most highly cultivated people to find other objects of attention than the means of mutual destruction ; meteorology also has been studied with sufficient care to enable the observers of atmospheric phenomena to approximate towards an exposition of the laws which govern them. The numerous travellers and navigators who ex plore distant regions, instead of acting as mere eye witnesses of phenomena which they cannot explain, and observers of places and circumstances in which ' they can do little more than enact the character of lookers-on, are now men qualified for the task of inquiring into the minutest workings of the several natural and artificial operations by which they are surrounded, and, accordingly, the books of travels which now issue from the press are, in general, deeply laden with the results of scientific research. The traveller in general . devotes himself to some defined object of inquiry, towards which his prin cipal attention is directed, and this he is enabled to embellish, by greater or less attention to all the cognate branches of science to which it is allied, in addition to illustrating his narratives by personal experiences. Such a man is the author whose two admirable volumes are the immediate subject of the preceding remarks. Dr. Hooker is the son of Sir W. Hooker, the celebrated botanist, and curator of Kew Gardens, he himself having entered the navy at an early period of his life, and as assistant surgeon accompanied Sir James Ross's expedition to the Antarctic regions, and first acquired literary celebrity by publishing his admirable Antarctic Flora; and in 1847, under direction of the British government, and the East India Company, he proceeded to India for the purpose of exploring some portion of the Himalayan region, with respect to its botanical treasures. Besides an able and most valuable work on the Rhododendrons of the Sikkim Himalaya, Dr. Hooker has produced the two volumes now before us, of his three years' experiences and investigations in those most in teresting and little known regions, in which the operations of nature have been carried on on a scale of grandeur and magnificence having no parallel on the surface of the globe. Unlike the other mountain systems of the world, the Himalayas are not a mere ridge, but form the southern rampart of a lofty table-land embracing the whole country of Tibet. The general surface of this immense plateau is about 600,000 miles in extent, and it has a mean altitude of from 12,000 to 14,000 feet above the level of the sea ; while some portions of it reach 16,000, and from this table-land the rugged and picturesque peaks of the Himalayas shoot up in stony corruscations to a farther elevation of from 10,000 to 12,000 feet, some of their peaks reaching 28,000 feet, or five miles and a quarter of perpendicular altitude. This stupendous mountain range gives rise to numerous rivers of immense magnitude and great celebrity, including the Oxus, the Indus, and the Ganges, the Brahmapootra, the Yangtse-Kiang, and the Hoang-Ho. In such a range, and so intersected by noble rivers, it would be impossible for any one to miss adventures, or to avoid seeing and admiring scenery as varied in aspect as it is stupendous in its grandeur. The following picture is graphic and suggestive; after rising about six thousand feet upon • the southern spurs of the Himalayas, the Doctor looks, back and gives his VIEW OF THE lIINDOSTANEE PLAINS. All around, the hills rise steeply five or six thousand feet, clothed in a dense deep-green dripping forest. Tor rents rush down the slopes, their position indicated by the dipping of the forest into their beds, or the occasional cloud of spray rising above some more boisterous part of their course. From the road, and at a little above Pun kabaree, the view is really superb, and very instructive. Behind (or north) the Himalayas rise in steep confused masses. Below, the hill on which I stood, and the ranges as far as the eye can reach east and west, throw spurs on the plains of India. Those are very thickly wooded, and enclose broad, dead-flat, hot and damp valleys, apparently covered with a dense forest. Secondary spars of clay and gravel, like that immediately below Punkabaree, rest on the bases of the mountains, and seem to form an interme diate neutral ground between flat and mountainous India. The Terai district forms a very irregular belt, scantily clothed, and intersected by innumerable rivulets from the hills,which unite and again divide on the flat, till, emerging from the region of many trees, they enter the plains, following devious courses, which glisten like silver threads. The whole horizon is bounded by the sea-like expanse of the plains, which stretch away into the region of sunshine and fine weather in one boundless flat. In the distance, the courses of the Teesta and Cossi, the great drainers of the snowy Himalayas, and the recipients of innumerable smaller rills, are with difficulty traced at this, the dry season. The ocean-like appearance of this southern view is even more conspicuous in the heavens than on the land, the clouds arranging themselves altar a singularly sea-scape fashion. Endless strata ran in parallel ribbons over the extreme horizon ; above these, scattered cumuli, also in horizontal lines, are dotted against a clear grey sky, which gradually, as the eye is lifted, passes into a deep cloudless blue vault, continuously clear to the zenith; there the cumuli, in white fleecy masses, again appear, till in the northern celestial hemisphere they thicken and assume the leaden hue of nimbi, dis charging their moisture on the dark forest-clad hills around. The breezes are south-easterly, bringing that vapour from the Indian Ocean, which is ratified and sus pended aloft over the heated plains, but condensed into drizzle when it strikes the cooler flanks of the hills, and into heavy rain when it meets their still cooler summits. Upon what a gigantic scale does nature here operate ! Vapours, raised from an ocean whose nearest shore is more than four hundred miles distant, are safely transported without the loss of one drop of water, to support the rank luxuriance of this far distant region. This and other offices fulfilled, the waste waters are returned, by the Cossi and Teesta to the ocean, and again exhaled, exported, expended, re-collected and returned. To the above reflective and interesting descrip tion it would be difficult to add anything by which its effect could be more finely impressed on the mind of the reader, and therefore we shall not attempt it ; but content ourselves with giving as a supplement his PICTIIRE OP A SNOWY RANGE. The most eloquent descriptions I have read fail to con vey to my mind's eye the forms and colours of snowy mountains, or to my imagination the sensations and im pressions that rivet my attention to these sublime pheno mena, when they are present in reality ; and I shall not, therefore, obtrude any attempt of the kind upon my reader. The latter has, probably, seen the Swiss Alps, which, though barely possessing half the sublimity, extent, or height of the Himalayas, are yet far more beautiful. In either case he is struck with the precision and sharpness of their outlines, and still more with the wonderful play of colours on their snowy flanks, from the glowing hues reflected in orange, gold, and ruby, from clouds illumined by the sinking or rising sun, to the ghastly pallor that succeeds with twilight, when the red seems to give place to its complimentary colour green. Such dissolving views elude all attempts at description; they are far too aerial to be chained to the memory, and fade from it so fast as to be gazed upon day after day with undiminished admi ration and pleasure, long after the mountains themselves have lost their sublimity and apparent height. That Dr. Hooker has been an intelligent as well as an observant traveller, and is his possessedexperiene experience, must much t graphic skill in narrating have been apparent from the above extracts, which have jperi n o o ri t b y een selected on account of their marked equally t easil to __ , others that might have been nume rous peyrsoPvlen. Our traveller met with and was sub sect t n t a o adventures of various kinds, la frequent annoyances and dan gers, all of which he in a style of unrepining, contentedness ll t s from the reader unqua lified approbation, whilemin minute e ex s ti i tes sincere sympathy. To extensive and Hooker adds ready and pleasing in observation, Dr. delightful powers of descrip mane tion. His book is at once a and useful ; and the labours of such country and on his kind a which is to be prized alike for its intrinsic and for the honourable distinction it bestows 11- ;.; its possessor and those with whom he is cont e nt 7lC to share it. The Poetical Works of William Cowper, w i t h Critical Dissertation by the Rev. George Gil fillan. Edinburgh : James Nichol. The volume before us is the second and conclud ing one of Cowper's poems contained hi the very handsome series of Nichol's Library Edition of the British Poets, of which series it forms the eighth volume. It is prefaced by an essay on the poetry and genius of Cowper, by Mr. Gilfillan, in several of whose views, as here expressed, we cannot fully concur, although we must admit that in general stating that i s no t a grea tly i n ac cur ate one. After that the p r i nc ip a l c h arac t er i s ti c of Cowper's g i poetry s its e arnes t s i mp li c it y , M r . Gilfillan pro ceeds with the annexed delineation of COWPE' PA - SCE . When he does shoo R t S PLIGHTS his fancy into other climes, its zotwia mumbles rather that of a playful 'w tIAU Qf an arrow-like and etherial Ariel. He alights not on the shivering summits of the Andes ; he shies the awful dome of Mont Blanc ; he plunges not within that circle of sun• fire which encloses the interior of Africa, but he stands on the topmast of the ship which is ploughing the quiet waters of the Pacific ; he wanders with the gentle Omai through those islands where the sea rippl es up on golden sands in waves of silver, and where at noonday the large cocoanut is heard to drop amid the sultry silence ; or he laughs an elfin, yet amiable, laughter over that wondrous toy, the palace of ice, constructed by the despotess of the north—an unintended satire upon herself, her empire, and all sublunary things. The above elaborate attempt at producing what the literary slang of the day would call a " word picture" seems sadly out of place in treating of the natural and unaffected poetry of Cowper. In point of fact, the whole essay seems pitched on too high a key, and the reader becomes painfully aware—or at least is made to feel—that the poet is, for the time being, made subservient to the essayist. This is an error at all times, and should be sedulously avoided. In every other respect the volume bears out the high character by which the series has hitherto been marked. It is beautifully and accu rately printed, has evidently been carefully col lated, and is entitled to a prominent position in every library pretending to the name of general or classical. I.THE COLONIAL CHURCH AND SCHOOL SOCIETY. MEETING LAST NIGHT. THE annual meeting of this society was held last night at the Collegiate Institution. There was a respectable, but very limited attendance. The deputation from the Parent society consisted of the Rev. E. Garbett, M.A., incumbent of St. Bar tholomew's, Gray's Inn Lane, London; and the Rev. M. M. Dillon, M.A., missionary to the Fugitive Slaves in Canada, late Rector of Dominica. The Rev. T. Nolan, who had been announced, was not present, but his place was supplied by the Rev. Mr. Lamb, a missionary from the Cape of Good Hope. In addition, amongst the gentlemen on the platform we observed :—Charles Inman, Esq. • W. C. Jones, Esq. ; and the Revels. Messrs. Leveson, H. Carpenter, J. Butler, F. Parry, W. Rawson, E. Gabriel, J. Bardaley, W. H. Wright, S. Minton, and G. W. Warr. The Rev'. Fielding Ould was called to the chair, and the meeting having been opened by prayer, the chairman began by apologising for the absence of the Rev. Dr. Mc Neile, who would have taken the chair, but that he bad been called un expectedly out of town. He then said— The society on whose behalf they were assembled that night was second in im portance to none. Its object was to send out clergymen, schoolmasters. schoolmistresses, and catechists to the British colonists. Its operations were conducted in the strictest conformity with the discipline and order of the church, and all its agents, and the various churches were placed under the episcopal control of the various diocesans. Its principles were such as they could in the heartiest degree approve as being both Protestant and evangelical. These were the words inscribed upon its banners, and he be lieved its practices were in strict conformity with its prin ciples. (Hear, hear.) There was something wonderful and serious at the same time in die extent of our colonial empire. England held 40 colonies, containing a population exceeding 150 millions of human beings, occupying one-tenth part of the whole surface of the globe, and one-seventh part of the population of the whole human race. Of those 150 millions of inhabitants of our colonial empire, five millions at least were our own brethren, our own flesh and blood, natives of the British empire ; and-they might suppose what a condition they were in when he told them that for the whole of our colonial empire there were barely 1,200 ministers of our church, whilefor the mother country alone there were more than 15,000. As they might suppose, the spiritual destitution that existed throughout these vast regions was extreme, and there were few things more painful to his mind than to read some accounts of the destitution existing; especially in the Continent of Australia, the accounts we had of the state of the population gathered round the various gold diggings were something so horrifying as to be scarcely credible. Then this immense amount of destitution had ;been exceedingly aggravated of late years by the great emigration from this country. The calculation was, that a quarter of a million, 250,000 individuals, emigrate every year to some part of the colonial empire. It was right that when these parties got there that they should enjoy the ministrations of the Church, be reminded of the Sabbatn, and have preached to them the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. This unfor tunately was not the case; and then they had there the zealous, active, and most persevering antagonism of the Church of Rome. In all our colonies the religion of the Romanists was tolerated, as it ought to be ; but further, in many of them it was absolutely supported and maintained by the British Government. (Hear, hear.) At the end of the last century, an Act was passed called the Quebec Act, by which the Sovereign was constituted the head of the Established Church, the Romanist church of Lower Canada, its bishops and eccle siastics being paid from the funds of the State. While we had only 25 colonial dioteses,: the Church of Rome had 46, with its whole staff of bishops, priests, and monks, Sisters of Mercy, and Sisters of Charity, and what not ? using their utmost exertions not only to build up their own sect, but to proselytise from the ignorant and defenceless Protestants. (Hear.) Then it might be said that the venerable society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts had undertaken to meet that thin; and to that be -replied that they had lost their confidence in that society. (Hear, hear.) .He rejoiced to acknowledge that there were - many of our colonial bishops in whom they had every confidence of their adherence to the Protestant, scriptural, and "evangelical principles of the church,—such as the Bishops of Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, the excellent Bishop of Melbourne, and also the Bishop of Rupert's Land, well known in Liverpool. In those men, and in such as those, they had every confidence ; but in certain other of those men, located chiefly in the dioceses of the west, they were constrained in their conscience to say that while the voice was the voice of Jacob, the hands were the hands of Esau. What confidence could they repose as Protestants and men of evangelical principles in such men as the Bishops of Newfoundland, Toronto, and others of that class. He said for himself, and he doubted not he spoke the sentiments of many there, that be could not in his conscience Inbscrihe his money or collect money for the support of ministers appointed by and under the influence of such tenets as he had mentioned. What they wanted for the colonies, as for the dioceses at home, were true evangelists, faithful Scriptural teachers, pails-taking, self-denying, de voted men of God—men who had learned Christ for them selves, and who burned with holy love and zeal to teach Christ's law. But, as for the men who half-deified a bishop, when he happened to agree with them, and treated him with the most insolent defiance when he happened to differ from them—(hear, hear,)—as for the men who put the Church in the place of Christ, and who prefer the erudition of the fa thers to the sacred literature of Jerusalem—as for the men who were more observers of the rubric than solicitous for the saving of souls—as for the men who were apt to dwell upon the letter of a sacrament that killeth, rather than the grace of a sacrament that giveth life,—for men of that stamp, he said, he could not conscientiously subscribe his money, or ask others to subscribe, fer the maintenance of them,—of men who were rather wolves in sheep's clothing, who devoured rather than fed their flocks. (Applause.) Now what a melan choly thing ft was that there were Colonial dioceses in which there was not one evangelical minister to be found; and while the episcopal church of the United States of America had actually built not less than thirty churches in California, the English church had not, so far as he knew, exerted her self to build one in any of the vast colonial dependencies of the British empire. (Hear, hear.) Now, what were they to do under such circumstances 7 He said, support the Colonial Church and School Society. Its principles were Protestant and evangelical. Those were the watchwords inscribed upon its banners. We sent forth no. man except those anxious to witness against the perils of Romanists and Romanisers, and that should be 'faithful teachers of the truth as it was in Jesus. They were aware that hitherto the chief support of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, which he should no longer support or preach for, had been the Queen's -letter. issued every three years. He had the strongest reason to believe that the Queen's letter would never again be issued. He bad been up in London recently, and learned from the best authority that government had come to the conclusion no longer to order it. (Hear, hear.) And then came the question, what was the church in the colony to do, when that venerable society had not the power? In that state of , things the Colonial Church and School Society would be. more uileful, necessary, and important than before; and,• therefore, instead of having an income of 49,000 or £lO,OOO .a year, be hoped to see it soon with an income of £lOO,OOO a year, when they looked at the vast field of labour which the society occupied. (Applause.) The Rev. S. MINTON, the secretary to the Liverpool Auxi liary Associationg then said that he had no accounts to pre sent, as they were'not yet made up. Last year the Liverpool association had - raised for the Colonial Church and School Society four or five times as much as it had ever done before. This year the number of pulpits open for appeals on behalf of the society was not quite so great as last year, but nearly so. The amount of the collections at the various churches on the previous day showed, he thought, upon the whole, a decided increase upon the collections in the same churches last year. (Applause.) The Rev. Mr. DILLoN was then introduced to the meeting, and began by tracing the origin of the Church and Colonial School Society. It had not sprung up in antagonism, as stated, but was owing to the efforts of a friend of his Major Irwin, who, baying left his regiment and settled i n Western Aus tralia, finding no clergymen, came to England, and laid the spiritual destitution of the colony before the Church Missionary Society, and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. They both refused to have anything to do with it, and it was then that he applied to his friends for a sum of money, which enabled him to establish what was then called the Western Australian Society. A naval officer of Prince Edwin's Island, struck with the like destitution in that province, raised an equal sem of money and joined him, then the name of the society was changed. From the first the principles of the society had been evangelical and Protestant. Where was the oppo sition, in pretesting against Popish tractarianism and infidel error? Those who raised the cry knew that there was some thing rotten in the state of Denmark. He had never acted in the colonies under any of the societies, and therefore he could bear impartial testimony to the operation of all ; and as be could say that this society was not ashamed to profess its principles, so had he ever found its agents men of sim plicity of mind, men who held the faith of Christ as the all in all. There was only one clergyman in our colonies for every 33,000 of those who were of our own flesh and blood • and then see how those 33,000 were scattered over a wide district, where they could not be brought direct under his pastoral care, indeed there were some who for a whole year never received a visit from a minister of Christ. It was a melancholy truth that nine4enths of the emigrants who went forth from this country were uninfluenced by the everlasting Gospel. Mr. Dillon gave an instance which had been brought painfully under his personal notice, and then showed that whilst the church had been neglecting Australia, and the 23,000 persons now settled at the diggings, where 18 years ago the foot of civilized man had never trod, the Romanists had been pecu liarly active, and said he knew six Presbyterian gentlemen who had sent out 20 ministers, guaranteeing them their salaries for six years. Speaking of the Romanist efforts abroad, he said we were anxious that the cup of salvation should not be poisoned when put into the hand of the Heathen, but we often showed a reckless indifference whether that cup of salvation was to be put in its purity into the hands of our own brethren. Mr. Dillon concluded by an interesting r,!- ference to the condition of the fugitive slaves in Canada, tes tifying to the truth in every particular of the portraiture of slavery drawn in "Uncle Tom's Cabin." The Rev. E. GA RBETT, in an eloquent speech;then dwelt upon the principles of the society, the nature of the want they were desirous to remedy, and the nature of the agency that they ought to use. He thought the cause should be pleaded on a vantage ground in this princely town, for he had been told that one-half of the entire export of Liverpool was to the colonies of the British empire. It was, besides, impossible to see the groups of emigrants leaving our port without a sympathetic thought as to how the poor creatures were to live in the countries that they were going to, and how they wereem to die. H e b esoug h t them to think if deriving so much been ogfivtebnit, to us temporalgoo . d from those colonies, did not involve likewise spiritual obligation. Why had that immense empire by providence? Not for the aggrandise ment little spot of the world, but that we might seize c ot then showed the opportunity for the furtherance of the kingdom of God. o s f pea o k u e r r s s ho i v n ved the peculiar geographical posi ?very part of the earth, and said if, whenever a - t T i h on e tl .o le on s y had been planted, Eng land's Church had at an immense power might novvam t favtie m been exercised for the evangeliSation of the world t And did God give the oppor tunity to this favoured Christi an land, and not intend ust use it? The thought had greater weight when we remem bered that those countries were the seat of future kingdoms. He believed all were convinced that we owed all our greatness and freedom to the influence of a pure Gospel and open Bible, and if we failed to use our power and discharge our duty to the colonies, God's purpose would still be accomplished, but the nerves of England would be paralysed, and we should tall into weakness, decrepitude, and ruin. The means of religious s instruction inthecolonies were shamefully deficient, andth e re suit was just what might be expected. In some places, in Nova Scotia, particularly, according to the reports, the coteni4ts bad almost degenerated morally and socially into the condi tion of the Indians, and in some places the Sabbath Day was forgotten. Now from this had sprung the notorious fact, familiar to all acquainted with the workings of the Missionary Society, that the colonists of England. instead of being the means of spreading by the light of their ex:mple the Divine truth, had been positive impediments and obstacles to the progress of truth, by the inconsistencies, vices, and neglected Godless, graceless state, of those who bore the name of Eng lishmen and Christians. The society had never forgot that its success depended upon the character of its agency, and it was useless to have an outward organization unless the thing to be wrouzht by it was good; and to lay all over the world channels through which religious influence might flow to the souls of men would be worse than a useless task, if that which flowed in the channel was not the river of life and able to make men whole. The society had two classes of agents, ordained, and unor dained, and it was a false assertion that the latter were em. ployed in spiritual ministrations, such as baptism, &c. Mr. Garbett then made reference to the good to be expected from the society's training schools in Canada and Nova Scotia, and concluded by a powerful appeal on behalf of the objects sought to be attained. A - collection was here made, during which a hymn was sung. At the conclusion of the hymn, the CHAIRMAN called on The Rev. Mr. LAMB, from Capetown, who at the com mencement of his address expressed the regret be experienced in not having, as he expected, met with one who might be called a prince in Israel, who, he understood, was to have preceded him in addressing the meeting. He could not, however, resist the opportunity offered of telling what he knew of the operations of the Colonial Church and School Society, in the locality in which he had been placed. Being a government chaplain, he was not immediately connected with the society, but was desirous of bearing his humble testimony to its usefulness. (Applause.) The society had been the means of disseminating Gospel and Christian truth. Its workings, however, his own experience enabled him to say. were interrupted by the spread of dangerous doctrines, and, as an instance of that, cited a case of a gentleman, whom he would not name, who, under the pretence of teaching Christian doctrine, lent a book to a young woman; it professed to be the confessions of a saint, but which he should blush to describe, and was not in deed fit for the human eye. He went on to say that at the Cape of Good Hope, innovations had been introduced into the services of the church, and these had been carried to such en extent, even after remonstrance had been made, that he (the speaker) was informed the congregation was compelled to leave the church. This was a matter deeply to be regretted, as, in the colonies. no powerful press lent its aid in checking error; and here, in the instance referred to. the congregation would in all probability be forced to leave the Church of England by the Tractarian practices which were obtruded on them. He next referred to an edition of Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, which had been prepared for and circulated in the colony from Which "the Giant Pope" had been withdrawn, and "the Giant Mahomet" substituted in its stead, a proceeding which had unnecessarily offended every Mahometan in the colony. He concluded by urging on the meeting the necessity for countenancing by every means in their power the objects of the Colonial Church and School Society. The Rev. C. iIiNNER next addressed the meeting, and urged on its consideration the imperative claims of the so ciety, which, by its agency and through its operations, gave utterance to no uncertain sound, although he was sorry to know that, in some institutions of the church connected with the colonies, the trumpet gave forth. Tractarian heresy, not unmixed with Popish error. He concluded by warning all to guard against the insinuating refinements of t' use yi sm . The CHAIRMAN having echoed the sentimentslof the pre ceding speakers as to the claims of the society, the doxology was sung, and the meeting separated. A CIIILD BURIED ALIVE.—On Saturday, a little boy named Thomas Baxter, whose parents reside in Oliver street, was playing with some other children in a sand hole at Upper Windsor, when a quantity of the material fell, completely burying him, and before he could be extri cated, recovery was hopeless. An older brother was also partially buried beneath the heap of sand, but succeeded in crawling out. An inquest on the body will be held to-day. SLIP-BUILDING AT THE SOUTH END.—Dming the past week the foreshore at the front of the premises oc cupied by Mr. Alderman James Lawrence, south of Mr. Laird's ship-building works, was measured, for the pur pose of being converted into ship-building yards. With the view of assisting the iron ship-building at the south end, an enormous machine is being constructed at the Mersey Steel and Iron Company's premises, for making plates and constructing them into any form, to supersede the usual process of manipulation by hand. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS.—On Thursday was ordered, on the motion of Mr. Horsfall, a return showing the number of vessels and of tonnage entered inwards and cleared out wards at each of the twelve principal ports of the United Kingdom respectively also, the official and decl ar ed value of the ex p or t s ; and official value of the imports for each of the said ports, during the years 1851,1852, and 1853 LIVERPOOL WORKING MEN'S PROTESTANT REFORMA TION SOCIETY---At the weekly meeting, in the- large room, Beau-street, on Friday evening, a discussion took place between two working men, on transubstantiation. The Romanist opened the discussion, and contended for the corporeal presence of Christ in the sacrament, as asserted in the creed of Pope Pius IV. The Protestant answered his arguments by showing that transubstantia tion is unscriptural and absurd. The discussion occupied one hour and a half,during which the most lively interest was manifested by all present. The room was literally crammed; above three hundred men were present, princi pally Romanists, besides women, and many sought admit tance when the room was filled. The chairman, Mr. J. Parsonage, informed the audience that the discussion, will be resumed next Friday evening, at half-past seven o'clock, when he hoped that the same ability and good temper would be displayed by the disputants, and the same atten tion and excellent order observed by the audience, which it had been his pleasure to witness on the present very interesting occasion. A vote of thanks to both disputants was passed unanimously. The doxology was then sung, and the meeting separated in the most orderly and peace able manner. SURRENDER OF A MURDERER.—A man named Hugh Marks gave himself in charge to police-inspector Cahill at Manchester on Tuesday, stating that he had caused the death of a person named Bruce in the Trafalgar Dock, at Liverpool, about a year and a-half ago. He says that he was employed as a porter by the Glasgow Steam Company at Liverpool towards the end of November, 1852, when there was a turn-out of the Clarence Dock porters, and during the continuance of the strike he and other persons belonging to the porters' society went on board a Wexford boat lying in the Trafalgar Dock, where they found several men at work. One of these men he (Marks) says he pushed into the hold, when he received serious injuries by the fall; that he was taken to the Northern Hospital, and that he died there of those injuries. He was detained for farther inquiries. NEW BRIGHTON COLLEGE—EXAMINATION OF PUPILS. —The annual examination of the pupils attending the New Brighton College (principal, the Rev. D. J. Pog g i, D.D.), commenced on Wednesday last, the 15th instant. The pupils were examined by the Rev. Dr. Wilson in all the various branches of education taught in the schools, and the proficiency they displayed drew from the examiner the warmest commendations. Specimens of writing, drawing, oil painting, &c., in all of which more or less ability was displayed, were exhibited in the class-rooms. The examination closed on Thursday afternoon. In the even ing a meeting was held for the distribution of prizes, presided over by the Rev. Joseph Baylee, D.D. A large number of ladies and gentlemen were present : amongst others, the Rev. Dr. Hume, Rev. Dr. Wilson, Rev. J. W. Welsh, Rev. R. D. Fowell, Rev. W. Roberts, Rev. H. Westby, of Dalkey, near Dublin, &e. Recitations were given by the pupils in Greek, Latin, French, and English, in a style which elicited the highest approval of the company. The prizes were delivered as follows Captain's Prize: J. Yates.—Algebra : First Class, A. Smith; Second Class, J. Darlington. Physiology: F. Asbridge.—Latin : First Class, W. H. Hall; Second Class. H. Sheppard; Third Class, J. Darlington; Fourth Class, R. Owen.—French : First Class, G. Pollexfen; Second Class, H. H. Carr.—Greek: First Class, H. Sheppard; Second Class, C. Coulborn.—Euclid: First Class, H. Sheppard; Second Class, F. Asbridge.—Arithmetic: First Class, E. Westby ; Second Class, E. Pollexfen; Third Class, C. Camp bell.—Geography : First Class, G. Pollexfen ; Second Class, H. P. Onley.—Prize for English Grammar and Composition : S. Radcliffe.—English Grammar : Second Class,. A. F Thomas.—Prize for History: T. Allbut.—For General Im provement : It. Weber.—First Writing Prize : T. Bennett.— Second Writing Prise: H. Davis.—Third Writing Prize: S, G. Brown.—Prize for General Good Conduct: J. Kenyon and H. Sharland.—Prize for Drawing : W. Bennett and J. Kenyon.—Prize for Oil Painting: Sellars. The Rev. Dr. Wilson, the examiner, spoke at some length on the importance of a proper system of teaching in form ing the habits and character of the pupils, and eulogised the plan pursued in Dr. Poggi's school as being one cal culated to ensure steady and permanent progress in every branch of polite and useful knowledge.—Dr. Hume, the Rev. Dr. Baylee, and other gentlemen expressed similar sentiments, and a vote of thanks was given to the Rev. Dr. Poggi and Mrs. Poggi. The compliment wasappro priately acknowledged by Dr. Poggi. Thanks having been voted to the chairmain, the proceedings terminated by the pupils singing the National Anthem. PATAGONIAN MISSIONARY SOCIRTY.—A meeting of this society, and of those friendly to its objects, was held on Thursday evening, in Hope-hall, Hope-street. The chair was occupied by the Rev. W. M. Falloon. Among those present were the Revs. S. Minton, W. H. Wright, Carpenter, Dr. Dill, Edinburgh; Messrs. A. Hodgson, S. Martin, T. D. Anderson, W. Jones, Fulham, Collett, R. H. Wilson, A. T. Ritchie. The Rev. G. Peckenham Despard, of Bristol, and the Rev. W. G. Robinson, at tended as a deputation. The meeting was opened with prayer by the Rev. W. H. Wright.—The chairman referred to the origin of the Patagonian mission by Captain Allen Gardiner, who directed his attention to the southern ex tremity of South America, and in the year 1844, with a single friend, made a visit to the shores of Patagonia for a short time, and found it absolutely necessary to have a ship always in readiness to receive the missionaries when brought into danger by the natives. Another effort was made in 1848, but failed from want of means. On the 7th of September, 1850, Captain Gardiner, with six others, sailed from this town, in a vessel called the Ocean Queen. They reached their destination at the Falkland Islands, where they perished under melancholy circumstances. He then called upon the Rev. G. P. Despard, one of the deputa tion, to afford information.—The Rev. Mr. Despard com menced by stating that the portion of South America to which their missionary operations were about to be directed was 1,100 miles long and 1,000 broad. It was a noble land, watered by the finest rivers in the world. The inhabitants consisted of about 40 tribes who never bowed their neck to Spanish thrall or papal dominion. (Hear, hear.) He proceeded to point out the openings which presented them selves to missionary enterprise in South America, des cribing the soil and productions of the islands of the Falkland group, showing how by means of their missionary schooner, now building, they would be enabled to keep up a constant communication and an ample supply of food to the various missionary stations. They would first establish themselves in the Falklands, and by means of this schooner, which was to be 100 feet long, 18 feet beam, and 10 feet depth of hold, they could easily reach the shores of South America, bringing plenty of provi sions and trinkets with them from the parent station, by means of which they could easily gain the confidence of the natives. They were ready with men, and by the 11th of July they expected to have their schooner ready for sea. Since last year they had collected £1,400, and several local associations had been formed for the purpose of sup porting the mission. (Applause.) Mr. Ritchie read the statement of accounts, from which it appeared there was only a deficit of £BOO to complete and fit out the vessel, to pay the master's and seamen's wages, and the mission aries' salaries, the station expenses, &c., up to November, 1855. He strongly recommended the Allen Gardiner to the consideration of the people of Liverpool. (Hear, hear.)--The Rev. Mr. Robinson, the Rev. S. Minton, and the Rev. Mr. Wright subsequently addressed the meeting, after which a collection was made ' and the meeting ter minated with prayer THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND GENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. EVENING CLASSES FOR ADULTS HOW FAR DESIRABLE, POSSIBLE, AND SOUGHT FOR. (PROM A. CORRESPONDENT.) Ix speaking of adult classes, we must bear in mind that every adult has been a youth ; so that the man will require little or much education, in the same proportion as the boy has received much or little. But some suppose that all are educated, more or less, in our day ; one hears so much of schools, and education societies, and improved class-books, and the association of crime with ignorance. Yet there are many thousands who cannot read; there are thousands of others who can read, but not fluently ; who would never do so of their own choice, or for pleasure, but who can make out the sense as a school-boy would gather the meaning of a Latin Father. Beyond these, a still larger number cannot write, but sign with their mark when they sign at all. The causes of this state of things are two-fold :-Ist, deficient means, and 2nd, deficient use of existing means. The former cause may be exemplified as follows :—ln the town of Liverpool there are so many as 39,000 poor in five ecclesiastical districts ; yet protestants of all classes, churchmen and dissenters, do not provide for the educa tion of a single individual of them, young or old. Those parts of the town display not only the greatest ignorance, but the greatest poverty, and the lowest grade of morals ; so that, practically, we are like men who labour to heal the convalescent, while we leave the sick and sorrowing to die. The second cause of ignorance is the result partly of necessity and partly of choice. In the former case, a boy can carry his father's dinner, or deliver a message, or relieve guard in an humble outer office. A girl can go to a neighbouring shop, or can look after the baby. From that moment, education is interfered with ; and the inter ruptions to study increase, as the boy or girl progresses in years and in capability of discharging household or other ties. Now, it is well known that attainments which lave not reached a certain point are rapidly for gotten; and this is no doubt the reason why many men are unable to write, except to sign their own names. But where ignorance is not of necessity, it is usually the parent who is to blame. He has never required education himself, perhaps, and therefore does not value it. He regards it as desirable when it comes in course—a sort of luxury, which may or may not be possessed, like what are called the " extras," in the schools of more fashionable life. Such a man may live next door to a school, yet still his children will be ignorant. Let us next turn from the nor to the MIN. Assuming that it is intended I should speak of the labouring classes only, I shall divide them into skilled labourers and unskilled labourers.. Between the two there- is. a wide distinction, and the severance is becoming wider every year. The skilled labourer serves an apprenticeship, learns a trade, unites - himself with a class for purposes of mutual interest, is bound by voluntary laws which do not always harmonise with the laws of the land, and fixes a limit to the number of those who shall ascend to the plat form on which he stands. The unskilled labourer may be intelligent, but he brings to the market merely his physical strength,, and disease or privation sometimes leaves him little even of that. Though there are certain gradations, such as foreman, overlooker, employer, con tractor ; and though such names as Brindley, Stephenson, and Dargan do occur in peculiar times, the law is that the unskilled labourer remains- so from the beginning to the end. The position into which he falls at twenty years• of age is usually that from which he descends into his grave, the few exceptions to this only serving to prove the rule.. If he attempt to rise into the atmosphere of skilled labour; he is met by prohibitory regulations, enacted by those who are perpetually railing at " class legislation ;" and. the man who comes nearest , to him in the brotherhood of rank, denies him that free. trade and liberty of action. which both of them claim from all above them. Hence, it has occurred within the last three months, and in this town, that the skilled labourer has earned 18s., and in, special circumstances, I have been told, even 225. per day;. while the unskilled labourer, though industrious, intel ligent, and honourable, has been starving, and utterly unable to procure employment at 10s. per week ! There is a third class which exists in large numbers in this county, but is scarcely known in Liverpool, viz., the• factory hands. Their occupations necessarily require a ' minute division of labour ; and yet recent events have shown, at Preston, that paupers from the workhouse, and rustics from the fields, were not long in acquiring all the manual dexterity that was-necessary. The class in which the mere physical labourer is in cluded, embraces an unusually large number in the town. of Liverpool. Including wives and families, and widows , and families, it is very far within the truth to say one third of the gross population. It becomes an important question, therefore,. what are the inducements and what the obstacles to self-improvement, in the adults of this class. At present I may take for granted that facilities for their education in evening classes exist all over the town ; or at all events, that where they do not exist, with willing minds they might easily be provided. My object has been mainly to ascertain how far these would be likely to be made use. of, by the persons who, in one- sense, mainly require them.. In addition to the fact that the mere labourer is bound to his position by a law almost as rigid as the Indian one of caste, the hours of occupation in this town, and the dis tances, interfere with many good resolutions. What we call Liverpool is a tract five miles long and more than two broad; so that a man who succeeds in obtaining employ ment in what he calls " his own town," may reside at the distance of one, two, or three miles from his occupation. His hours in summer are nominally from six tos six ; but practically he leaves his home a little after five, and seldom reaches it before seven. The early call of to-morrow's duties compels him to retire soon ; so that if we subtract a brief interval for bodily rest, for the evening meal, and for the most casual conversation with his wife and children, it becomes next to impossible that he can set apart even one hour definitely, for any purpose which is altogether optional or of only possible advantage. In the winter season, the case is somewhat different ; he is not obliged to retire to rest so early, yet such is the force of habit that little difference is made; but if the advantages of instruc tion were obvious, he might possibly snatch a definite interval, between the termination of labour and the com mencement of repose. [The hours of labour in Liverpool apply to more than labouring classes. They serve to explain, in part, why our churches are often thinly attended in the summer months, especially by men.] This supposes that the labourer is regularly employed ; which, lam sorry to say, is far from the fact. Now, it is evident that if only partially occupied, he has the more leisure for self-improvement; but experience shows that that is just the time at which he has least inclination for it. He only asks an opportunity for the exercise of honourable industry, and cannot find it ; he is occupied with the great fact of whether he can live at all, and we tell him of an improved manner of living; his whole thought is how to possess, and we talk to him about how to enjoy; so that the proposition to which he would yield a glad assent in favourable circumstances, is turned aside almost without a thought, under the joint influence of blighted hopes and partial sustenance. I am convinced, every day more and more, of the inti mate relation that exists between the physical con dition of the poor, and the success of the labours of intellectual, moral, and spiritual agents. There are thou sands of men who have been intelligent, would be moral, and might be religious, who yet sink into a condition akin to that of the beasts which perish,—eating and drinking when they can, and sleeping where they may. The following facts scarcely require one word of com ment. Within the last four years, (1850, 51, 52, 53,) no fewer than 1,000,487 persons arrived as deck passengers from Ireland alone, at this port. Of these, rather more than two-thirds were of the class of humble dealers, labourers, and emigrants ; but nearly 300,000 were (so far as the police could judge) absolute paupers !# Of this million, a large number are now to be found in our colonies ; some have passed inland and found employment ; a large num ber have returned, at the end of some particular season ; no t a few have died ; but after all deductions, a large number of the most helpless remain. (I may just remark in passing, that it is not difficult to account for the increase of Popery in England, when a million of Irish labourers are either absorbed in Liverpool, or filtered through it, in the short space of four years.) But my principal object is to show, that the condition of the humbler classes in this town must necessarily be deplorable, when a disturbing cause, permanent in duration, and of such enormous mag nitude, exists in the labour market. * Report on . the Police Establishment in Liverpool, pre sented .sth April, 1554. (TO BE CONCLUDED IN OUR NEXT.) ARREST OF CAPTAINS OF FOREIGN MERCIIANT Smrs.—We find the following paragraph in the Dublin Freeman :—A Dutch captain has been arrested here on a judge's fiat, for having sold at Constantinople a cargo of corn shipped at Galatz, returning to Odessa for another cargo. The captain, we understand, alleges that the cargo was damaged, and could not be brought home, and that he acted under the instruction of his ambassador at Con stantinople, Two s.ittlilar CAZOS have occarroa in Lon don. ST. MARTIN'S CHURCH. TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SlE,—The Rev. W. Pollock, at a meeting of the " Working Men's Church Association," on Tuesday last, is said to have alluded in opprobrious terms to certain " practices" supposed to have been current at St. Martin's church, which, under the epithet of " Tractarian," I pre sume he means to be considered violations of the rules of the Church. The churchwardens of St. Martin's will, therefore, feel obliged if Mr. Pollock will take the trouble, and they hereby publicly call upon him, to substantiate his charges, and point out any feature in the services of that church inconsistent with the order and sanction of the Prayer-Book. By inserting this, you will oblige Your obedient servant, ONE OP THE CHURCHWARDENS. 17th June, 1854. WEEKLY COMMUNION. TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STINDARD Sin,—l noticed, with much regret, in your columns of last week, a letter written by a so-called Churchman of Liverpool," but whose attachment to the Church of Eng land is certainly most questionable. It is difficult to con ceive that any man, who calls himself a Churchman, should ground his opposition to the carrying out of the Church's teaching upon an argument so puerile and so shallow as that which your correspondent advances. The whole ground of his objection seems to be the absence of any authoritative direction, that the Holy Communion should be celebrated weekly ; and, in support of his position, he quotes the rubric, which orders that " all priests and deacons of collegiate and cathedral churches shall receive the communion with the priest at least every Sunday." Now, in this injunction, I cannot find, for my own part, any ground for asserting that the Church intends to ex clude from the Lord's Supper all those who have not been admitted into holy orders ; that the same benefits are not to be extended to the laity ; and that a sacrament, which is declared to be " generally necessary to salvation," is only to be administered frequently to those whose duties are confined to collegiate and cathedral churches. Surely the souls of the laity, the souls of the poor, who are the Church's especial care, and to whom the Gospel is more particularly addressed, are not of less value, or reli gion less " strengthening and refreshing," than those of the ministers of Christ. Or, again, are we, in this our day, of which religious coldness and indifference are the striking characteristics—are we less in need of spiritual assistance than the Primitive Christians, who considered a daily reception of the Holy Eucharist necessary to pre serve them from falling from their faith. On the supposition that the " Churchman of Liverpool" thinks it right to partake of the Holy Communion once a month, we ask him whence he derives his authority for this practice, as the rubric nowhere lays down the precise periods at which the rite should be celebrated, but only makes it obligatory upon the members of the Church to partake three times a year at least. Your' correspondent is evidently one of those who prefer the very minimum of religion, and who have too high an opinion of• their own spirituality of mind to feel the necessity of a constant supply of Divine aid. And not satisfied with their own ignorant indifference, they seek to undermine the laudable efforts of those who would seek to draw men nearer to Christ, and to cement more firmly their union with Him by a frequent participation in that sacrament, which is hallowed by His real and especial presence.—l remain, Sir, yours very faithfully, ANGLO-CATKOLICITS. Liverpool, June 19th, 1854. THE PRAYER BOOK, AND WEEKLY COMMUMON. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sut,—Your correspondent of Tuesday last, who signs himself " A Liverpool Churchman," has, I am sure; utterly mistaken the intention of" the Anglican Church touching the point of weekly communion, as I hope toi convince him, if he will accompany me in a brief examina tion of the eucharistic office. The last of the- four rubrics wrirch precede the office refers wholly to matters of ritual'. It commences by ordering that "the table at the communion-time shall stand, &e., having a fair white linen cloth upon it." There is neither direction nor permission to commence the office except at a table thus arrayed; and' the presence of this linen cloth would surely seem to imply at least an inten tion or readiness on• the part of the priest to celebrate. All that follows up to the rubric preceding the Prayer for the Church Militant is plain enough; but there we read, "And when there is a communion, the priest shall then place upon the table as- much bread and wine as he shall think sufficient." This certainly implies that there may BE no communion, but gives no rule for deciding upon what days it is to be celebrated and upon what omitted. Turn we now to the rubrics post fixed to the•office. The second and third of these taken together decide that there shall be no celebration except " four (or at least three) commu nicate with the priest. Clearly, then, there is no autho rity for breaking off at the end of the Prayer for the Church Militant—much less at the sermon—except when less than three persons are prepared to receive. And were the Church's rules carried out, the priest would never be in doubt upon this point, as she requihs intending com municants "to signify their names to the curate at least some time the day before." So far, then, the intention of the Church would appear to be, that there shall be a cele bration at least every Sunday and holyday ; but she pro vides for the possible case of no communion for lack of communicants. That such should ever be the case "in cathedral and collegiate churches and colleges, where there are many priests and deacons," she evidently deems almost impossi ble ; and therefore she enjoins that in such places " they" e. the clergy) "shall all receive the communion with the priest every Sunday at' the least, except they have a reasonable cause to the- contrary." In spite of this, the practice in Cambridge, when I was resident, was to cele brate in each college once a-term, i. e., thrice in the year. No one will dare to say that this was in accordance with. the Church's intention •; and it is equally absurd to endea vour to deduee her intention from the lax practices which have too long prevailed in• our parochial and other places of worship. The first rubric following-the Nicene Creed directs that "then (if occasion be) shall notice be given of the commu-- nion,"—a vied voce notice s I presume, distinct from the exhortation which is ordered to be read at a later period of the service. And from this your correspondent deduces. an argument in favour of his position, that weekly cora murnon is not the Church's intention. I confess that I" cannot see this. Let us suppose a case. We have a church, in which monthly communion obtains, and next Sunday happens to be the ordinary day for it, while the Sunday following happens to•be Easter Day. The priest celebrates on Sunday next, and also gives notice for the Sunday fol lowing. In doing so he neither violates the letter nor the spirit of the rubrics ; nor would he if he were to celebrate every Sunday under similar circumstances. I would observe that an examination of the first and second Litur gies of Edward VI. cannot fail to throw much light upon this point ; and I would remind your correspondent that the first of these assumes the practice of daily communion. Upon one other point in your correspondent's letter I am unwilling to touch, because I conceive it to• be one utterly unsuited to the pages of a newspaper (and forgive me, Sir, if I say that you would have exercised a sound editorial discretion had you struck out the part to which I allude). Suffice it to say, that he could not have objected as he has done to Mr. Wray's term " offering that sacred memorial," had he been acquainted with the- early litur gies, or with the writings of those Catholic fathers with whose teaching our Reformers expressed their earnest , desire to conform. Weekly communion is, of course, a Tractarian conceit. Everybody knows that. But few are, perhaps, aware that it is a practice of many most undeniable Protestants also. The congregation of Independents in Glasgow, so long presided over by the late Dr. Wardlaw, and one of Bap tists irk Paisley, are within my own knowledge as rejoicing in this primitive custom • and not a few may be found in England pursuing a similar course.—l am, Sir, yours, &c., K. 111Acrmizrn PuGue. [The writer of the above thinks we "would have exer cised a sound editorial discretion, had we struck out" a particular portion of "A Liverpool Churchman's" letter which appeared in our columns last week. We have repeatedly stated, that we hold ourselves to be in no way identified with the opinions expressed by correspondents ; and, in reference to the Proposed Free Church, we have— from that spirit of fairness which it has ever been our aim to preserve—been more indulgent than ordinary to writers on both sides, with whose letters we have not interfered, either by way of correction or omission, from the conviction that, so long as such a controversy is conducted with temper and moderation, the cause of truth is sure to be triumphant.] THE PROPOSED CHURCH FOR DAILY PRAYERS. TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SlR,—What funny correspondents this terrible Church scheme has secured for you ! If the matter go on, you will become, by their help, as popular as Punch. First, we have " a Real Protestant," who protests against all services except two on Sundays, and ditto on Christmas-day and Good Friday. With that allowance he is satisfied ; and what business has any one to desire more ? Bless his inno cent heart, I know lots of Realer Protestants than him. He is but half a Protestant, after all. He keeps Pasch, and Yule, which are abominations in the eyes of a true blue. Does he not see that, in admitting Christmas-day and Good Fri day into his calendar, he gives up the Protestant principle of the Bible, and nothing but the Bible ?" Upon what ground will he admit these, and at the same time reject the least of all the fasts and festivals ? They all stand upon the same authority—that of the Church. May I not go a step further, and say, that Sunday must stand or fall with all the others ? for surely we have no command to keep holy the first day. As regards his extraordinary notion, that all Churchmen should be satisfied with what satisfies him, I would ask him, in sober sadness, is he pre pared to be satisfied with what would satisfy the majority of the adult population of Liverpool, who never enter a place of worship at all ? Your next funny contributor is Mr. Hampton, whose notion of " integrity" is charming. He boldly asserts, that at his church the Prayer-Book is used in its integrity ; and then explains himself to mean, that all of it is used that is used. True, he does not word his explanation in this way ; but to this it amounts. If he moan more than this,—if he moan that, whenever he uses the Prayer-Book, he uses all which is appointed to be used at that time, ho means what is not true ; as I pledge myself to prove, if he should wish me to do so. Then again it's funny, but very sad, to hear a clergyman assert that none of his numerous people are " pining" for daily prayers. No doubt he has succeeded in teaching them to hate the Pope, and 'to divide the guilt of the cholera, the potato disease, and the Eastern war, between Maynooth and the Oxford tracts ; but he has not taught them, in all the years he has been among them, to long for a more frequent reception of the blessing promised to two or three assembled in the Saviour's name. I believe. that his church has no district legally assigned. However, whether this be 50 Qr hot, it is A (tinny UPtiQU that no clergyman has a right to promote the erection of a church in his neighbourhood. Not only his own so called district, but all the country round for an indefinite distance, seems to be regarded by him as his manor ; and woe to the rash man who attempts to poach upon it ! The Puritan party have had their day, and their sun is setting ; and Mr. H. knows it. Hine ince laerymce. They will die hard, no doubt, and do mischief yet before they are finally got under; but die they must, as a party, even in Liverpool, so long their land of Goshen. The Irish brigade division of them have long had the drilling of the Churchmen here, and what has Churchmanship been brought to ? Let the late refusal of a Church-rate answer this question. Let the outrage perpetrated by so-called Churchmen at St. Michael's, last year, answer it. Let the general religious, or rather irreligious, condition of this town answer it : for while, on the one hand, ultra montane Romanism is more rampant than in any other town in England, I do not fear to assert that, on the other hand, few if any towns can be found in which so large a proportion of the whole population are living apparently without any religion at all. But the funniest thing of all is Mr. Hampton's kind offer to allow somebody else to do his (Mr. H.'s) duty, if Mr. Wray will provide the funds for paying that some body. True, he asserts that daily prayer at St. James's is an impossibility with the present staff of clergy, except at the cost of neglecting other duties. I happen to know a priest in a very large town, who has a scattered flock, a very small income, and a residence more than a mile distant. Ever since his church was opened, now some eight or ten years, the services have been twice daily, three times on Sunday, and Communion every Sanday and holy-day. The church is fully attended on Sundays ; and many a time have I, present by accident, seen from fifty to a hundred worshippers there on a week-day. A large and efficient, ragged-school is connected with it ; the sick, the poor, and others are diligently visited. This has been, and still is done single-hand. In deed, so little sympathy has that good man received from his clerical brethren in the same town, that, during one fortnight in each summery which he has been in the habit of taking for change of air and scene, the week-day services have been intermitted, no one volunteering to carry them on. Let " the staff " at St. James's go and do likewise. They may have their Mattins and Evensong as early and as late as they please. It will then be pos sible for the hard-handed sons of toil to attend them, and time will be well expended which cannot be devoted to schools or pastoral calls. In fact, they will find it a saving of time both to themselves and their people. I once heard a clergyman, with- a population of fifteen thousand, say, that only once in the preceding twelie months had he been sent for to his residence, and that to baptize a newly-born infant ; and yet his sick and other calls were unusually numerous, especially in winter. How was this? Twice a day he was to be found at his church, and there his people sought him; saving his time and their own. A call to attend upon one in articulo mortis might once in half a dozen years interfere with the duty of daily prayer ; but of every other duty it is calculated to render thedischarge more regular and efficient. Certain it is, that ofMr. H. the Church requires daily prayers, openly or privately : openly, if two or three can be found to join him; privately, if he be alone. An hour a (lily on the average, no very killing work ! and time surely well invested as compared with an hour spent in visiting. I suppose that, when he visits, he ordinarily devotes part of the time to reading and prayer. Now, it would not be easy to visit more than three persons in an hour ; so that, if only three" persons attend each service, he does, in effect, read and pray with double the number in the same time. One disadvantage they would doubtless labour' under : they would be stinted to the prayers of the Church, and the simple word of God, " without note or comment ;" they would lack both Mr. H.'s extempore prayers and private expositions. And for this I can suggest no remedy, but only the consolation that the loss would probably not be a great one. _ Of oue thing Mr. H. may rest assured, viz:, that sooner or later the proposed church will be built He may play the part of Saliballat the Horonite, and interpose delays; but these feeble Tractarians will be morethan a match for him, through Him Whose honour they seek to promote. Feeble in point of numbers we undoubtedly are, as com pared with the. Puritans ; but we are strong in a good cause. The strength of numbers lies in the democracy : and a few more such indiscreet but trutlifutspeeches as• one which some of your readers may have lately heard, will do much. to• give us the fustian jacket and linsey woolsey petticoat, if it do not give us the silk, satin, and broadcloth. Mr. H. may take what happened at St. James's school-room last week as an omen of what is to come. Guns are made to go off; but the great - gun of that meeting went off" in another sense than that to which his. milnirers are . accwtomed.—l am, Sir, yours, &c., E. E. ECCIESIA'STICAL INTELLK4sENCR. PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS. Rev. M. Anstis,.M.A., to the Vicarage of Cubington, near. Leaminzton, Warwickshire. Rev. G. Alcock, 8.A., to the Curacy of St. Patrick's Rock,. Cashel,.and to a Preachership in Cashel Cathedral Church. Rev. H. Atkinson, M.A., to the Prebendary and Rectory of• Bdermine, county Wexford. Rev. W. Battersby, M.A., to the Incumbency of the Chapel of Ease, Derry_ Rev. E. Bailey, jun., M.A., to the Curacy of Dnnleetray, county Galway. . _ Hon. and Rev. G. T. 0. Bridgeman, M.A., to the Rectory of Blymbill, Shropshire. _ _ _ chamney, M.A., to the Perpetual Curacy of Meigh, diocese of Armagh. Rev. W. Crofton, 8.A., to the Curacy of Termonamongan, Derry. Rev. W. French, M.A., to the 'Vicarage of Reydon, near Southwold, Su ff olk, with the Incumbency of Wragford annexed. Rev. T. Gerrard, 8.A., to the Curacy of Ratan, county Carlow. Rev..R:. C. Hubbersty, to the Per?etual Curacy of Cazimel, Lancashire. Rev. C. Kennedy, 8.A., to the Curacy of Trahane, Derry. Rev. F. Lear, M.A., Rural Deanoind Rector of Bishopaton, Wiltshire, to be a Domestic Chaplain to the Bishop of Salis btiry. J. Longsden, 8.A., to the Incumbency of'Seacroft, near Leeds. Rev. J. Murray, 8.A., Perpetual Curate of St. Gilea's Church, Norwich, to the Vicarage of North Walsham, wits the Rectory of Antingham St. Margaret annexed. Rev. G. Murray, M.A., to the Vicarage of Dedham, near COlchester. _ _ Rev. Sir C. Macgregor, Bart, late Vicar of Cabourn, near Castor,. to the Rectory of Swallow,, Lincolnshire. . Rev. G. Studdert, 8.A., to the Curacy of Drumbanagher, diocese of Armagh. Rev. G. Waudby, 8.A., to the Curacy or St. Philip's Church, Bethnal-green. THE VICAR OF PETERBOROUGH has commenced a system of open-air preaching, and he announces his inten tion to persevere in it so long as the state of the weather permits. THE QUEEN has appointed the Hon. and Rev. Gerald Wellesley, Domestic Chaplain to Her Majesty, to the Deanery of Windsor, in the room of the Hon. and Very Rev. George Neville Granville, deceased. CHRIST CHURCH, SOUTHFORT.-01X Sunday week, three sermons were preached in the above church ; those in the morning and evening, by the Rev. Fielding Ould, 8.A., incumbent of Christ Church, Liverpool; and that in the afternoon, by thc•Rev. W. A. Mocatta, 8.A., curate of Christ Church, Southport. After each:sermon a collection was made for the benefit of the Daily, Infant and Sunday Schools, amounting , to £36. _ _ _ RE-CorivEasiozl—The Rev. Thomas Tenison Cuffe, M.A., late of Kennington, who, some time back, seceded from the Churcb.: and joined the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion, having expressed his deep regret to the Bishop. of London, and his firm attachment to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England, his lordship has, with the approval of the Bishop of Winchester, admitted Mr. Cuffe to officiate in his diocese. NEW SChOOLS AT NEWTON HEATII.—The corner-stone of the new Day and Sunday Schools, to be erected in con nexion with All Saints' Church, at Newton Heath, rear Manchester, was laid on Tuesday last, with a ceremonial procession which was joined in by the leading inhabitants of the district, the Sunday and Day School teachers, and about six hundred others interested in the erection, ST. PAUL'S, KNIGIITSERIDGE.—Never since the more " popular" days of Mr. Bennett, of St Barnabas notoriety, has suzh a scene of excitement been witnessed in Belgravia, as that which manifested itself, for the election of a churchwarden, during the whole of Thursday—a con tested political election being considerably beneath it in point of local enthusiasm and general interest. At the close of the poll, the numbers were—Westerton, Q 1; Davidson, 3281 majority forWesterton 302. CONSECRATION OF CITURCIIES IN TIER DIOCESE Or MA.NCIIESTER.-011 Saturday week, the Lord Bishop of Manchester consecrated the new church, dedicated to St. Saviour, at Ringley, near Bolton. It is to supersede the old chapel at the same place. The church is a very hand some edifice, and contains, as part of its choir, an organ, the fine instrument which used to stand in the great gallery at Knowsley, which has been presented by the Earl of Derby.—On the following Monday, his lordship also consecrated the new church recently erected at Pen nington, Leigh.—At Collyhurst, a handsome new church is being built, and, indeed, so far advanced towards corn,• pletion„ that the document constituting trustees, for appointing to the incumbency, and other purposes of the church, is in course of preparation. Cawncsc RATES.--The Chancellor of the diocese of Exeter has published a long- letter in the London papers with a view to " correct the very erroneous impressions which exist respecting the law of church rates as affected by the decision in the Braintree case." He sets out by stating that the points that have been established in the protracted litigation in that case are that, in the event of refusal of a church rate by the majority of a vestry, it is not competent (Ist) to the churchwardens by themselves nor (2nd) to the minority to make a rate. After giving an outline of the Braintree case, the chancellor far is it from the truth that the House of Lords h sa as ys 'as has p b ug een ne r d ep t r h e e se l n ega ted l llianblstyroefcepnatrisdhionecisioorisi, t ab y rog o a v t i e d d:o fo r r itmhe croenpatraratryio,.nthaanidlltahbemstyerv;viasce,sinotfhtehHeirouscheuorofciam,rtrhasa,,asopintahlel expressly realserted . or declared,. in the previous courts, Lord Truro's own the hang' guage to be of a c a hi i e nze os ra ti t c z e ve nn le u g a l obligation.' And in the Court of Exchequer chamber, refusing to sanction the churchwarden's rate, is exactly applicable to the refusal by the House of Lords to sanction the rate by the minority of the vestry. ' One argument,' said Chief- Justice Tindal, ' has been urged in the discussion before us, to which we think it right to advert ; it has been said, that to allow the enforcement of church rate to be the matter of sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the spiritual court, and at the same time to allow the prohibition to issue is in effect to take away all power of compelling the parishioners to repair the parish church. But it is obvi ous that the effect of our judgment in this case is no more than to declare the opinion of the court that the church wardens have in this instance pursued a course not autho rised by law. And, consequently, all the power with which the spiritual court is invested by law to compel the reparation of the church is left untouched. If that court is empowered (as is stated by Lyndwode and other eccle siastical writers) to compel the churchwardens to repair the church by spiritual censures, to call upon them to assemble the parishioners together by due notice to make a sufficient rate, to punish such of the parishioners as refuse to perform their duty in joining iu the rate by es communication, that is (since the statute 53 Geo. 111, ch. 127) by imprisonment, and, under the same penalty, church to compel the sameachparishi parishioner to"power w pay m his stillprroompoair.ntiownllehf the sPkitual court, uotwitluftrauclinthe clecigQll 91 tkia TUESDAY, JUNE 20, 1854. THE PARISHIONERS of Southam, Warwickshire, 113 .' 1 contributed between £5OO and £OOO towards bealltifi A l and restoring the parish church. The population o town is only about 1,700; this sum therefore must be e°' sidered of an unusally liberal character. LORD Jonx RUSSELL, on Tuesday, laid the four dat i°ll stone of St. Luke's Chapel, now in course of erection Nutford-place, Edgeware-road, London. The chureb. being built as a thank-offering for mercies vouchsafe d God to the inhabitants of the district at a time of vi s i ta ‘ tion by cholera. DIOCESE OF MANCHESTER.—Ordination.—The 13isb?P of Manchester held an ordination on Trinity SundaY,l" the parish church of Prestwich, when the following gen tle ' men were ordained and afterwards licensed to the curaeieS r set opposite their names, viz. :—Deacons,—James Brown, 8.A., Christ's College, Cambridge, licensed to D' George's, Bolton-le-Moors. William George Guest, Oa: St. John's College, Cambridge, to St. Stephen's, Salfor George Hillyard, St. Bees' College, Cumberland, to 1 331 ' rowford. William Locket, 8.A., Queen's College, CO; bridge, to Mossley. William Haslam, 8.A., St. JobllS College, Cambridge, to Christ Church, Bolton-le-Mo rs ' Samuel Sharp Walker, to Royton. Thomas Brookes Wrenford, St. Bees College, Cumberland, to St. Pan s ' Preston. Joseph Barber Lightfoot, M.A., a n d Fellow'° Trinity College, Cambridge. Priests.—William Crowthe r ' BA., St. Catherine's Hall, Cambridge. Edward Hoard Gibbon, Bishop Hatfield's Hall, Durham. John Johnse n ' St. Bees College, Cumberland. Henry Fielding Smith , B.A., Pembroke College, Cdmbridge. Ed w ard Pee A ° e Stock, 8.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. Richar d Thistlethwaite, St. Bees College, Cumberland. CHESHIRE AND WALES. THE MENAI STRAITS.—In the Court of Queen's Bench, on Monday, application was made for a rule to obtain s new trial in the case of Mr. Russell, who had been a c o i quitted, at the last Carnarvonshire assizes, of a charge_, having created a nuisance in the Menai Straits by ereZ ing a stone wall for the protection of oyster beds. Ph" judges ordered the rule to be discharged. CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAILWAY.—The traffic for the week ending 11th of June, 1854, was as follows Passengers, parcels, &c., per railway, £3.301 16s. lid.; steam-boats, £563 2s. 2d.; total, £3,864 lOs. Id. ; good s ' £1,517 2s. 6d. ; total (including Carnarvon traffic), P er rail, £4,818 19s. sd. Corresponding week last year, per railway, 3,953 13s. 4d. ; steam-boats, £406 ls. Increase, 1,022 6s. 6d. NEW WORKS AT BrilxrsuEA.D.—Mr. Hornblower, architect, is now preparing plans of the new works to be built by Messrs. Fawcett, P r e s t n & Co., engineers, at Birkenhead. ' These works, which are intended solely for the boiler-making department, will extend over two acre s of land adjoining the Canada works, on the margin dale Great Float, and are expected to be completed in Aug l A next. They will give employment to about 500 or men. ANTIQUITIES.—On Tuesday, the Rev. Dr. Hume deli' vered a lecture at the recently-erected national schools i 8 Limekiln-lane, Tranmere, on the subject of " The EarY, History and Antiquities of the Northern Part of Wirra l, 4 which he illustrated with many coins and other Saxon an Roman relics found in the neighbourhood. The lectar e was for the benefit of the schools, and, as there was large and respectable audience, the proceeds would n ° doubt greatly assist in liquidating the debt incurred ° their erection. A DEVOTED Loyen.- - thrTuesday, as the ship W ol l ' fell, for China, was leaving the Birkenhead Dock, a g 0" from Liverpool, threw herself into the river. Her clothe supported her for a short time, and prompt assistanc e t being afforded, she was rescued. It was ascertained Os she had formed an attachment with the cook of the shil l ' and, in consequence of his departure, she sought to c i f tinguish the flame of love by the desperate remedy of se' destruction. LAW OF PARTNERSHIP:—The report of" the comet' s. sioners on the Law of Partnership has b een publiske . i f i and shows that the statement regarding the divin., e , among them was correct, the d ocumen t b e i ng s igned only five of the eight members of which their body composed. Mr. Kirkman Hodgson, Mr. Bramwell, an Mr. Anderson, the dissentient members, will, it is 101 l stood, make separate reports. The one now issued , the majority, although not remarkably concise, contalfle nothing but a simple expression of opinion, andis Ov er " ' to any coherent alteration of the existing system. IMPROVED CONDITION. OF 'BIRKENTIEA.D.—oO grea tiS the demand for house property, that, in many cases, at vanced rents have been. given; and premiums- offered tenants to leave their dwellings. Within the last " i d months nearly 400 houses and cottages have been let, an t within the last six months 1200, which were empty, In c l of: them for nearly three years. This change- for the be ; ter may principally be- attributed to the great nunal?„ interested in the Canada Works and. other manufactories on the brink of the Great Float, together with the gr ea number now employed. in preparing the new s hipbuildinj yards for Messrs. Laird, Messrs. Clover and Co., an Messrs. Clayton and Co., at the south end of the WO , and which in a few months will be in full work. ASSAULT ON BOARD A FERRY BOAT.—At the Wags' sey petty sessions, on Wednesday, before J. C. Ewar_st., Esq., and D. Neilson, Esq., Captain R. Reid, of a ll a e ;` ,l street, Liverpool, ant residing at Seacombe, a and costs for assaulting the engineer, and threatening captain of the Seacombe Ferry steamer Elizabeth, _ her way fromSeacombe slip to the Landing-stage, about pa, lu o'clock on the previous Sunday night. " was fi while t o h v e just arrived from America, Captain Reid quarrelled with those in charge of the t i er,t• waslyinTgheinsttehame r e i r v E er uro alr.. , boat, because they directed her course a-head, instead astern, of the Europa. t/ EDUCATION 01. FAILMEN.S' SONS.-Mr. Tollenr o dg M. P. for South Cheshire, has lately opened new - scZ A to at Helmingham, in Suffolk, which ha ve been ereeMing gether with a schoolmaster's house, at a cost es d £1,200, for the benefit of Helmingham. and the sar r ,",,, 3 e. lug parishes in,whieh that gentleman's estates are sit for The building consists of two schools, an upper school' for 100 sons of farmers, yeomen, ; anda lower sclie oh. ta 120 children of labourers, e. They are furnished sc df a l maps, globes,. drawings, library, and with all n ee te r school requisites, and placed under the charge of a ma n from the training establishment at Highbury. THE LIVERPOOL AND CA.NADIAX STEAMERS. —'The Ottawa, Captain Atkins, which arrived on Sunday we e I +' left Portland. on the 31st of May, thus making an 20 excel lent run. In one day s h e ma d e 6 - knots, and frequent l y, ran 14 to 16 knots an hour. The Canadian Steam NO' gation Company are already building two new steam seresl propeller boats of 1,800 tons each,. and another of 2,5 u" tons, for the use of their line. Another boat of the sam e size (2,500) will be commenced at an early day. 11 : 4 company has a capital of £600,000 sterling, or abon 3,000,000 dollars, and its shareholders are among th wealthiest capitalists and manufacturers of England eIL; gaged in the Canadian and American trade. One Yg; from this time, and sooner if' they can be built in present press of work in this.line, they will have a float ; fleet of ei first-class steamers. The merchauts_,o4 U.S.,U Portland, take the warmest interest in the st lo- 7g of the line, and are providing inducements to the comp any to '*t their packets call there all the year round. hi l BIRKENHEAD POLICE-COVRT.-011 Thursday, jO .rOc Rogers, a ship-carpenter-, was fined 10s. and costs, 7, having assaulted and spat in the face of Morris " stranger," or non-unionist, in the same business. to man, named John Matthews, was bound over to keeP,, c l‘ Peace for having, while drunk, on Monday night , his father, knocked him down, and then broke nea r- V whole of the furniture.—Mr. Samuel How, of OxtonLt summoned to answer a.charge of assault preferrettnr• him by a young man, a guard belonging to ono " a nd Evaus's omnibuses, plying between Woodside Ferry.ited Oxton. The assault, which was admitted, was tb ° on the previous Friday. The complainant said tl fare, was on the vehicle, and, being wishful to collect tb.Lt re he endeavoured to pass along the top. The defenu7 o uect fused to allow him: to pass, saying that he ivnui" bath the fares for him. Mr. How then stru c k him on the nieVie said and shoulder with a cane. Mr. Case (the chairu l3 g that passengers, ought not to be annoyed, by Co fares on the top of omnibuses. The case,was upon the defendant paying the costs. Meetillg BIRKENHELD COMMISSIONERS.—At the „ r , o n of the Birkenhead Commissioners for the curren t Y an ` , 310 1 Tuesday, Mr. Rae was unanimously elected cora' the board proceeded to the election of the sev a c ri o the mi i t t t t e e e a s ; After some little discussion. with regar d t C°l°- number of members on the Road and Improveraen.„;tteeg m it was ultimately resolved that the eo a n W should. be constituted as follows :--Lighting ° /l o o n Committee: Messrs. B ra dl ey, Hughes, Mills, Zobertson. borne, Keightley, Willoughby., and 'oubertsont annteilt Health and Market Committee : 31essi's' K e ightley , INTatingham, Gough, Henderson, Harli°° ll ' rovemen t Rind, Aspinall, and Bradley. Ro a d and -131 4 ins, Gra - Committee : Messrs. Carry, Greene, Hughes , A VillittiTir 110/11, Watson, Hind, Henderson, Bradley, bainf bam. Finance Committee : Messrs. Greene, liThittillg.„,t,„ Willoughby, Furness, Henderson, Cook, Graham, r e r', whittingbam, Furness, Graham, ley, ;Watson,Vy,Gree Greene, Goborne. Ferry Committee Ilan er son, Hind, Watson, Mills, and Curry.—After some fund, f orm al business, and the - an n ou n cement of a speciallll'' ing on the 21st instant, the board adjourned. BROHBRO' Pool...—The new works belonging to Pric e d Patent Candle Company, at Brombro', near Ecrsthave4rai progress ing rapidly towards completion, although : 03:i ent s o o f operations.uth nfthemanufactory,Meantime, 32 2n neatthe elevatedcottages, months must yet elapse before the actual coronL e A ll 'te the work south theZ are people and their families, have been erected' an ,, d „f four) occupied. These houses have been built in blocks -Artable and each has an allotment of *ground for a CO lw , - nog garden. The foundations for 16 more house s Zitel9 proceeded with by Mr. Allport, being excavated, and their erection will be lillra`s—eon tractor, These cottages are very pleasantly situateL%o ing extensive views of the river, and of the pietul leti° tl setaery on both sides of the Mersey. Upon the COlO 4 of the factory, the number of these cottages creaaed to 200, all ' of which will be supplied wistha,2,* of Bootle, who is the and gas from the main works at the pool. It is stated. _7."„ n a. be the intention of this spirited company to erect_ fro close bar of villa residences on their land immediately tr°",j o se the Mersey, and also to form a beautiful promenao to the river, similar to the one at Rock Ferry. spec ial Chester' meeting was held on Tuesday, at the Royal Hotel, ro, SHREWSBURY AND CHESTER RAILWAY. for the purpose of considering the Great Was te „`—eg. Shrewsbury and Birmingham, and Shrewsbury a a _‘,t' ar y read the bill, which contains between 50 and 60 .3 0: ter Amalgamation Bill now before parliament. The_se_e,tuttsv The terms of amalgamation, as already known, ar eis pro• cent. on the capital paid up, and a division of sure, ae fits after working expenses are paid. A provisiour lynit no in the bill that Sir William Watkins Wynne, o t o mince, shall be one of the three direct ors to rep {ern Shrewsbury and Chester Company at the Great • board. The following motion was submitted by °elnl; man, seconded by Mr. Venables , and adopte d unanunee,7,,, —" That the bill now proposed and read to the inii.`ll,ll.. en titled an act to authorise the consolidation into 0, d er taking of the Great Western, Shrewsbury an"ies, c s Aio m i n gham, and ShrewsbinTand Chester Railway Cetnl?`*- be and the union into one of the three several co m p ame . and the same is hereby approved, subject to such par; c ations, additions, and alterations as may be mad e liament and assented to by the directors of this com The proceedings termivated with a vote of 00 4 ditutors.