The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-01-15 00:00:00

THE tibtrpoot #:ptanbarbf TUESDAY, JANUARY 15, 1856. WILL SUNDAY AMUSEMENTS ELEVATE THE MASSES? WHILE we quite agree with those who are accus tomed to urge, that it is useless to endeavour to make men religious by Act of Parliament, we by no means assent to the conclusion which is too frequently drawn, viz., that Parliament should take no cognizance of religion—in fact, should ignore its existence. Far higher, indeed, than any power possessed by man, or by any assembly of men, is that required to convert a sinner : and yet it does not follow but that the legis lature of a Christian country is bound to recognise both .the existence and the obligations of Christianity; and to a certain extent, at least so far as externals are con cerned, to enforce them. The law cannot hinder a man to be in heart a blasphemer, but it ought to punish him for the utterance or publication of blasphemy ; just as, though it cannot make a man honest in heart, it ought to punish him whenever he ventures to indulge his dishonest propensities. And just upon the same prin ciple, though no advocates for puritan gloom and dul ness, we should not only be sorry to see any of the laws, which at present protect the sanctity of the Lord's Day, relaxed, but should be glad to see them in some particulars rendered more stringent. That the poor have, in the present day, few opportunities for innocent relaxation and enjoyment, we well know, and deeply regret ; and such are the insatiate demands of the spirit of mammon, that the few which they do enjoy on any of the six working days, are more likely to be curtailed than added to : but it would be a sorry - remedy which should give them additional opportuni ties by sanctioning the desecration of Sunday, by for mally secularising a portion of that day which belongs to GOD. Let those, who have the welfare of the poor - really at heart, persuade the employers of labour to relinquish a part of what is now devoted to their ser vice. A monthly holiday would do much, a weekly half-holiday would do more, to remedy the evils com plained of, and render all such suggestions as we have lately heard for throwing open places of amusement upon the Lord's Day, utterly unnecessary. Both letters and leaders have of late appeared in some of our local contemporaries, urging the authori ties to sanction organ-performances in St. George's Hall upon Sunday evenings. We can only say, we fervently hope that the authorities will do nothing of the kind. Music, it has been urged, and in a quarter -from which we had reason to expect better things, would prove a means of elevating the masses. That they need to be elevated is too true ; but that which is needed will never be accomplished by music, It was not by such means that the Apostles succeeded in elevating the fearfully-debased mass of heathenism, upon which they acted; it was not by such means that their successors kept alive, and caused to spring up and bear fruit, the seed which they had planted. True, it may be said, that all this was done by God, and not by man : but by Him mediately ; and music was not the mean which He blessed to its accomplish ment. Many causes have combined to produce the practical heathenism which is now so rampant in our large towns ; clergy insufficient in numbers, and in -sufficiently supported ; want of church-accommodation for the poor, or church-accommodation, when provided, of a character to repel rather than to invite them, by making them feel keenly the difference between their position and that of their more favoured brethren ; want of schools, and too frequently, even when schools existed, want of sound religious instruction. These are some of the causes of what we now witness among the masses. And, besides the absence of what was necessary in order to their being induced to go right, there has been the presence of many things calculated to cause them to go wrong. Scant wages, rendering such a continuance of toil necessary as left no time for exercise or amusement, except the Lord's day, or else rendered those who were subject to it incapable of, or indisposed to, exertion of any kind ; wretched habita tions utterly void of cleanliness or comfort, and fre quently rendering the preservation of decency and morality impossible. Flaring gin-palaces temptingly placed at every corner, and inviting by their warmth and comparative comfort, and offering to the jaded and toil-worn, that which they know will afford them at least, a counterfeit of the happiness which they will never find in their miserable homes. These, we re peat, are some of the causes which have combined to bring the masses, in our large towns, to the sad con dition which they at present exhibit. The upper classes belong, for the most part, to the Church ; the majority, perhaps, of the middle classes to the meeting house ; and the labouring classes, we might almost say, to nothing at all. Christianity alone can elevate them from the condition into which they are sunk; and it is mere folly to talk of christianising them by Sunday-evening performances upon the great organ. They might, possibly, attract a few of the more steady going among them for a time : but we do not believe . that the frequenters of our gin-palaces would be per manently diminished by so much as one. Nor have we reason to think, that any plan which could be de vised would be effectual in producing a rapid cure of the evils which exist ; but, undoubtedly, that which must most commend itself to any reasonable man is the removal or counteraction of those causes by which they have been produced. And though, doubtless, something might be done with the existing, our hope would be principally centered in the rising, generation. In arguing with the advocates of Sunday amuse ments for the million, we are aware that it is useless to take high religious grounds, because, in doing so, we shall necessarily appeal to principles which they deny ; but still, as the majority of them do at least profess to be Christians, and acknowledge the Bible to be the Word of God, we think that a very safe stand may be made upon lower grounds. We would claim, then, for every man, woman, and child, one day in -seven, as a day of rest, as a day which they may devote to holy. purposes, if they will, but which they shall not be compelled to devote to toil for the profit or amuse ment of others. Now, it is all very well to advocate the - opening of the Crystal Palace, the National Gallery, the British Museum, and similar places, upon Sundays, for the amusement of the masses—and it may be quite true that many of those who would fre quent them if they were opened, now frequent the gin-palace instead; but what right have we to deprive the many individuals, who are employed in these various institutions, of their day of rest ? We are not to do evil that good may come. If the proprietors of the first of these places please to throw it open to the public fr ee, placing it for one day in seven upon the same footing as Hyde Park, we have no objection ; but, even setting religious considerations aside, we maintain that the public can have no right to expect that they should deprive their various officers an d servants, for their amusement, of the day of rest which they now enjoy. And, similarly with St. George's Hall, the public have a ri g ht to the services of the organist, and of all the other paid attendants, from Monday morning to Saturday night ; but it would be an act of gross injustice to set them to work upon the Sunday. And, further than this , we fee l well assured that the opening of such places upon the Lord's-day would only be as the insertion of the small end of the wedge ; it would lead to results, at no very distant -day, which, we are glad to think, many of the advo cates of the measure, against which we are contending, would be the first to deprecate. There is sadly too much compulsory labour upon Sunday, under plea of yet, bad as things are, mos t necessity, even now ; and can spend it religiously, if they will. But once let Our good old English be changed to a French Sunday, and it will become impossible : one man's business or ~~ pleasure will be perpetually interfering with another man's devotion. And here, we would remark, that this plea of necessity needs to be very carefully scruti nised. We are told that tea is a necessary, though we know that millions are alive whose grandfathers never saw it. The fact is, that what men have had for a certain period is straightway counted a necessary for all time coming. The Sunday excursion -train, the Sunday delivery of letters, and hundreds of other things which could be mentioned, are necessaries for no better reason. London has never had a Sunday delivery, and, consequently, has never discovered its necessity ; but we will venture to say that there is no obscure country town, consisting of a high street and a couple of back slums, but would consider itself irre ' trievably injured if it were deprived of this privilege, even though it had only enjoyed it for a couple of months. Let working men have their hours of toil shortened ; let their homes be made more com fortable and decent ; let them have more churches, free to all, and clergy who will spend and be spent among them ; let them have Sunday at their own dis posal, and sufficient inducements to spend it reli giously ; and in time, with God's blessing, we shall see good results, which not all the organs in Christen dom will ever produce. This plan may cost more in the first instance, but less, we verily believe, in the long run ; while it will redound to the glory of God, when the other never will, nor can do. PROM OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT. MONDAY MORNING. THE Court continues to reside at Windsor, and, maugre the snobbish surliness of King SMITH of Drury, oar beloved Sovereign found no difficulty in having a highly interesting display of Court theatricals on Thursday night. The pieces selected for the occasion were Mr. C. DANCE'S Comic Drama, "A Wonderful Woman," and Mr. OXENFORD'S farce of "Only a Halfpenny." The cast was a strong one in both pieces, and the performances such as to grace the Royal halls. Public opinion is freely expressed, in theatrical as well as other circles, condemnatory of the tyranny which prevented three deserving public favourites from conducing, by the exercise of their talents, to the gratification of HER. MAJESTY; and from deriving such high honour as is implied in performing before the QUEEN and her august family, together with their illus trious and distinguished guests. In regard to CHARLES MA TREws, in particular, sympathy is widely felt and pointedly expressed; and most people venture to predict that Mr. Manager SMITH will neither reap laurels by his contu macy, nor add greatly to the resources of his exchequer by the boorish obstinacy which he has exhibited on the occasion. Within the last few days the Royal circle at the Castle has been augmented by the arrival of a Belgian Prince, who comes to pass a fortnight on a visit to HER MAJESTY. This " illus trious stranger" is PHILIPPE, Count of Flanders, second son of LEOPOLD, King of the Belgians, a youth now in his nine teenth year, having been born on the 24th of March, 1837. The young Count is healthy and well grown, and much given to athletic sports. Those venerable ladies, who in humble life have been represented by the mythical impersonation of Mrs. HARRIS, or her equally mysterious congener Mrs. GAMP, but who have never in the highest circles received a very popular idealized representative, yet who are neverthe less equally busy in high and low spheres of action, their pe culiar vocation being to "give oat conjectural marriages," will have it, that while the visit is ostensibly to the heads of the Royal house, it is in reality meant for one of the juvenile branches. In Other words, these profound seers in the mysteries of connubial engagements will have it, that as the Prince Royal of PRUSSIA. has been on a visit to Windsor Castle, as rumour would have it, paying his addresses to the PRINCESS ROYAL, so this new visitor must needs be on a similar errand to her Royal sister, and the PRINCESS ALICE is, among these worthies, set down as the affianced bride of the Courtx of FLANDERS. Consequent on this sage conjecture, the clubs are busy in canvassing the probabilities of his attain ing the Belgian crown. The DUKE of RRADA.NT, his elder brother, say these curious inquirers, is of a more delicate con stitution and less robust frame than the COUNT. From these premises the deduction is easy and obvious, to them at all events, that the elder brother may die early and childless, and, then, of course, the ascent to the throne is unimpeded to the handsome participant of the Royal romps and balls at Wine, sor. True, there is a slight impediment in the way of a matti.- monial alliance with a daughter of the Royal House of Great Britain. He is a Roman Catholic. Parties, however, who are startled at a straw, often make no difficulty in stepping, over a bundle; and those who can see nothing but visions of bride-cake and wedding-rings in the accidental and ordinary civilities of life, if exchanged between young persons of oppe site sexes, see no obstacle in difference of creed, and have an easy mode of merging objections of magnitude. They have set their minds upon match-making, and who shall say them nay ? The dealers in court gossip find another rich treasure in the invitation given to COUNT COLLORA.DO, the Austrian minister, who arrived at the Castle on Wednesday afternoon. This is. construed into an expression of approval of the decided attic tude (?) taken by Austria in reference to the alleged pending peace negotiations. This source of satisfaction is almost en tirely confined to the retailers of court gossip and the small knot of quid nuncs, who can see no practical virtue in any thing bat the intricacies of diplomacy. To all other eyes the prospect of peace, in the present juncture of affairs, assumes• more and more perceptibly the aspect of Some fleeting good that mocks us with the view ; That, like the circle bounding earth and skies, Allures from far, but as we follow flies. The proposals of Austria, if they are fairly represented by-the Independance Belge, are of a kind which can never be brought into practical operation ; they are, if that representa tion be correct, evidently drawn up with the intention of being negotiated, talked about, explained—anything but acted on. . Nearly every point put forward in them is carefulty, con structed with the apparent view of bearing two or three con flicting interpretations. Impartial judges say that if they had been contrived with a view to initiate interminable negotia tions, and so to enable Austria to avoid taking part with either of the contending parties, they could not lame been more skilfully concocted ; others, with less charity, and fewer scruples, broadly aver that such has been the only purpose held steadfastly in view while the cooking of thaproposals has been going forward. The parties latterly. alluded to stoutly declare that the pretended ultimatum of the " brave and resolute young Emperor" is of a piece with Ofe. Hapsburg jugglery of 1854. The dreary and monotonous speculations atout peace pro posals, which are no peace prospects, and the interminable repetition of the assurance that there is no nevre.- which for tth. last week or two has met every one in 'every place, has: received a slight variation in the publication of a pamphlet,by, Mr. COBDEN, the Russian M.P. for the Weistßiding of Yea-- shire. The pamphlet, like most of the proeeedings of that wise legislator, is remarkable on several accounts, net: the least singular of which is its entire failure to create a sensa-. tion. For a day or two after its publication people otamin quisitive turn of mind, with no business t do, and no aptitude or inclination for business if they had it, made. languid inquiries as to what the pamphlet meant.; but, being assured of its incomprehensibility and inconclusiveness, they abandoned the attempt to become acquainted with its contents. without the trouble of reading it, and,, with these. efforts to acquire a surreptitious knowledge of its. what-abouts, the pointless riddle fell dead from the press. The booksellers stood cautiously aloof from connexion with it, and. but for the constrained attention of the mewing journals the- Russianized manifesto would not have receind publicity anywhere beyond the dominions of the Cza.n. Ihe document is, as already said, a singular one, abounding in,muddled and irrelevant statistics, monstrous averments, and, inconsequential. deductions. The title of the brochure is "What Next ) , and Next ?" and under this title the ally and atnirer of Russian. policy proceeds to discuss the progress of the war, and endeavours to show stio more the probabilities of its continuance. In reference to these latter he holds out a very dolorous prospect, for he tells us that "the war catered into by. France and England must be carried on without intermission until peace is concluded with Turkey." Yet a little further on he admits his bewil. dered readers into one of his secrets : France and England, he tells us, cannot compel Russia to make peace with Turkey So, according to the West Riding oracle, the allies are con demned to the Sisyphiau labour of carrying on war with • Russia without intermission until peace is concluded with Turkey, Which in the same breath he tells us cannot be con chaded. A prospect this sufficiently uncheering, it must be admitted. The non•aequitors of Mr. COBDEN, however, are most comfortingly numerous. An important foundation for his argument consists in the assumed fact that the CZAR cannot be compelled to any terms, unless his metropolis be occupied and his ports blockaded; yet this cannot be done, because "the example and fate of NAPoLnoN for ever forbid an invasion of the interior of Russia," and "Petersburg stands twenty miles above Cronstadt on a shallow river." A little further on he demolishes any chance of benefit from this daring attempt, which he represents as impossible, and, after his own fashion, proves to be useless; for he tells us the pro tectionist policy of Russia renders her independent of seaborne commerce, so the blockade would be ineffectual, while the " fate and example of NAPOLEON for ever forbid the invasion" of th e capital. Mr. COBDEN has long been notorious for the possession THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. of what some call modest assurance, while others apply to it a much stronger epithet. He has, ou many occasions, earned the reputation of speaking without understanding, and advising without knowledge; but on no occasion has he made out his title to all these qualities so fully and unmistakeably as in this pamphlet. His right to lecture his countrymen in the most ex cathedra fashion on the mighty power and invulnerability of Russia, he assumes on the strength of a flying visit to some portions of that vast and anomalously-circumstanced coun try. In a corner of his pamphlet, he narrates his expe riences of Russia, and, with a modesty truly Cobdenic, to sneer at, and contemn as worthless, the experience and know ledge derived by others from long residence and continuous travelling in the country. " These gentlemen," says he, with a high burst of candour, " have, I doubt not, travelled longer and further in Russia than myself" ( thus the Cobdenic gram mar). "My only advantage has been, that I had possibly an eye and ear more open to the commercial movements and the economical resources of the country." Now, all the world who knows anything at all about RICHARD COBDEN, and his won derful travels in Russia, knows that they were performed in a very brief period of time, and under circumstances which pre cluded the possibility of his seeing or knowing anything about the " commercial movements and economical resources of the country." He was, so far as an unenlightened world knows, as ignorant of the Russian language as he is unacquainted with the quadrature of the circle, or the practice of navigation. From his own showing, like other inquisitive travellers in those regions, he was under surveillance, and strictly watched from the moment he set foot within his friend the CZAR'S dominions till his final leave-taking at the frontier. " His departure from Berlin," says the Daily News, one of his Liberal friends, "was telegraphed to St. Petersburg. He was taken possession of at the frontier by a Government official appointed to receive ( and watch ? ) him ; and passed from the hands of one official to another, ' like a bale of goods,' till he left the country. He saw nothing but what they were pleased to show him ; everything he was told was interpreted to him. He spent one forenoon at the fair of Nishnei-Noygorod, and remained in each of the other places he visited a corresponding length of time. He proceeded straight from the Prussian frontier to Moscow and Nisi:mei-Novgorod, and thence to St. Petersburg. In short, he saw as much of Russia, and had as good an opportunity of making observations on it, as Lord MACARTNEY and his suite enjoyed in China, on their mission to Pekin. And on the strength of this, be presumes to pass off his plentiful lack of knowledge on the public as irre fragable wisdom." Peculiar crises have arisen in the career of most great coun tries, when it has been found difficult to obtain the services of the man best qualified to cope with them. The histories of ie Roman and Greek Commonwealths afford numerous illustrations of this truth; and the instance of CINCINNATUS, in the former, of TIEEMISTOCIEff, of EPAMINONDAB, and of others in the latter, will readily suggest themselves to the mind of the scholar as examples; nor are cases illustrative of the position unknown in our own annals. To be sure, in all the recorded instances, the fitness of the " coming man " was imagined, if not known to his confiding countrymen, and he was called on to step into the gap, which, by common consent, he was considered competent to fill. A statesman of the "bagman school" has no occasion for, nor can he afford the exercise of such modest forbearance. Ile knows that his wares, if not pushed, will meet with no market ; and, like a thorough man of business, he dashes at a chance of sale. Un acquainted with the wisdom which teaches. humility of thought, and regardless of the rebuke contained. in the aphorism that --Fools rush in Where angels fear to tread, Mr. COBDEN has felt himself called on, as the cagy man who can save the falling state, to point out what he should , do', if placed at the head of gun MAJESTY'S government,,instead of being, as at present, located at the very " tail " of ikER , M JESTY'S opposition. Well is may he exclaim—"'What Next ? and Next!" Listens good reader, and you shaltlearth He would at once renounce hostilities ; but how about the conditions ? These, like the counselled performanoes'of HAMLET'S friends upon theepipe;.are "as easy as lying" atoll Mr. COBDEN has theni on his-fihgers' ends. First he "'would , seek, above all things, to withdraw every British soldier from; Russian territory. Our army - may now be brought away with- out further loss or discredit- It may not always be so." Not: long, if they were entrusted to , the enlightened and humane • management of Mr. COBDEN « Heevidently thinks the Bralish) army has caught a tartar. "With.regardto the terms of peroe;. I should attach no value whatever to the promises of Russia as , a guarantee for the future." In: paint of fact, this refining: political casuist objects to theword. " guarantee" altogether, - . as-implyingmistrust of the parttfrom. whom it is exacted.,. and so has a tendency to create.- serenest,- His late frienai. I , l4cnoLas, had a somewhat, different• and more practicaLl view of the- value of guarantees; and the importance of promises. His third propositions is a , rigmarole about a'. tripartite treaty between Britain, France;. and Austria, to. establish, by' negociation, a western , barrier against the aggressions.of 'Russia in that direction 1. the East he would at once abandon. to its fate. Hew- the tripartite treaty could bind Rossini. whose promises Mk. COBDEN. rightly values at nothing, that incipient head ofqha government does not con descend to , say. His finale, however, if not. the most original is the most. intelligible of his propositions,. "I," COBDEN loquitur;. " would not risk they life of am Enclishman, or spend another shilling, for the-barren triumph of extorting pacific pledges , from the Russian • government ; and having cometo this determination, there would. no longer be any obstacle to, eace." Of course there would nob. The butcher makes no. quarrel witluthe lamb which lies bound in the shambles .awaiting. his- convmsience for slaughter. Having withdrawn , the army. from Russian territory - , and having resolved to extort no pacifiacpledges- from.the CzAa, there remains only one other obstacle -to the • establishment of a. permanent-peace,. and that clittacle would fl* like a cob-web ,before the. first application °Ma Cobdenie- broom. He would annihilate -the • navies of and, France-I. Modest and patriotic- counsellor, he wools], not annihilate them ; ,lont would place them on a par with the-"navaltstamdard of the United, States."'s What Next ? amLiNext ! . With Colima Premier„ who can,tell ? While Mr..Connnw.hasbeen ,blowing off - the singular corn-- pound .of his pacific stear4operations of audiffe.rent character,-.. for the final pacification aEurope,.havebeen. undertaken and are in course of being matured at Paris... On Tuesday last Si COttllCil of War assembloi in the palace of the Tuileries, under the- presidency. of the laaperor Lovat,NA.peraorr. It was- composed, besides the Illinperor, of Prince NAPOLEON, tbb Duke of CAMBRIDGE, Prince JEROME NAPOLEON, Lord COM/ LEA Sir EDMUND LICCeM, Admiral EttI.I.TDAS, Sir RICHAED., Ainnri &xi:TARRY JONES, General nn-r.A.ManwonA, Marshal V.1.1.11.J.ET, Count WAL.RWSKI, General% CANBOBERT, HOS.. Q,VET,XELL, and MOATEXPEEIC.; , Admirals HAMELIN, GE4ANT lEEE, and PENA.IIE- The result, of their deliberations will of course-only become public as. the Ereseedings agreed up,on are brought into operation ; but it is already rumoured, that energetic attacks by, sea andlandi au, different portionLpf the Russian territory will be carefully, considered and adapted: Conflicting reports aslo the reception of the Austrisda posals at St. Petersburg agitate-political circles omthe conti nent and at home. The• only thing connected with them which can be relied, on, is the certainty of proorastination which these pretended negotiations incur. A belief in their efficacy is noir, entertained anywhere. In the liritish,metro, polls people are making up•their minds with oalra fortitude, to the endurance of a futther augmentation of . the expendir ture consequent one vigorous prosecution of the war. On.ail sides it is hoped that the-provision made to meet, tbeexigency will not lie limited, by the, peddling spirit which, unde,-the guise of &pretended economy, is productiveof thntnost reck less extravagance. In the literary, artistic, and dramatic world, there is not much stirring.. The thirty-ftvo thousand copies of MAC.AVI,Ay's Enghind have produced a surfeit among bookworms and glut in the market. The sale has hung sadly. Among re cent literary curiosities of interest has. been. tb.oappearance of WARREN'S "Ten Thousand r Year," in St, Petersburg in a Russian translation ; anti it is curreo* rumoured ii well-informed circles that 3 Danish translation of the same author's inimitable sketches, " The Diary of a Late Physician," is in progress by the celebrated HANS CIIRIsTIAN ANDERSEN. The atmosphere of the artistic world appears to be in a great degree stagnant, Some little stir was excited a short time ago by the arrival of GIBBON'S statue of the QrFan ; but, after provoking a small extent of adverse criti cism, it has sunk into the ocean of forgetfulness, and is no more heard of. Madame GOLDSCHMIDT LIND continues to reign alone as the " bright particular star" of our mu s i ca l hemisphere. Other luminaries are talked of as approaching ; but they have not as yet risen above the horizon, though the advent of some of them is looked forward to with much anxiety. In the theatres, the orders "as you were" seem to have been extensively issued, and sternly acted on. BRITISH RAILWAYS.—In his annual address to the Insti tution of Civil Engineers, Mr. R. Stephenson, M.P., as chair man, on the Bth inst., in allusion to the railway system, said, that 8,054 miles of railway have been completed in Great Bri tain and Ireland, at a cost of £286,000,000, equal to one-third of the national debt. In 1854,111 millions of passengers were conveyed on these railways, each travelling an average of 12 miles. The receipts of the railways in 1854 amounted to £20,215,000. The wear and tear required the replacement of 20,000 tons of iron annually, and 300,000 trees were required yearly to make good the loss of sleepers. Mr. Stephenson also alluded to the Electric Telegraph, which he considered an off pring of the railway. In the telegraph system, he said 7,200 miles of line, or 36,000 miles of wires have been, laid down. He entered also into an elaborate statement of the physical and moral effects of railway working, contending that the benefits conferred by it on the public were incalculable. IV AR INDEX - NIT Y. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Stu,—Hull has set us a worthy example, an example that I hope Liverpool will not be unwilling promptly to follow, along with other large and influential communities throughout the country. She has addressed the Throne, praying the mo narch to draw the attention of her ministers to the necessity of exacting an indemnity from Russia for the expenses of an aggressive and unprovoked war. This is as it should be. It is a bold but a proper and righteous course to take, and, if carried out, will be the most potent prevention of another recurrence of war, for a couple of generations at least ; for where the sinews of war are wanting, we can have few better preservatives of tranquillity ; and such an exaction would require no ordinary time for her exhausted empire to meet, poi passu with her requirements to re-establish a normal state of things at home. That she would kick at such a stipu lation we can well conceive, but without referring to the first Napoleon, we have Russia herself, as a justifying example for such a course, in her cruel pecuniary exactions both from Turkey and Persia, after plundering those empires of territory, which plunder I do hope she may shortly be compelled to disgorge. This indemnity, therefore, is no novelty, now, for a first time, to be attempted, but a systematised practice, pursued by her self, after scandalous robbery of weaker states. Surely our own Liverpool community will lose no time in following the glorious example of Hull. It is our duty to strengthen the hands of the Ministers of the day, (whoever they may be, who will have to negotiate the terms of peace,) against the petty batteries of the "Peace at any price" party, who might per chance suppose such a stipulation to interpose an obstacle to an arrangement. Nor would it be either supererogatory or gratuitous to introduce a further request, that Austrian and Prussian interference might not only be dispensed with, but repudiated if attempted ; an interference from which we have nothing to gain, but everything to fear, My opinion is, that the more we cease to cultivate either of those two scandalous, shuffling, and cowardly powers, the sooner shall we arrive at a satisfactory ultimatum, and on sounder bases too. The time is at hand when the various factions and parties will be arranged against the government in the House of Commons, and the country will do well to encourage any latent feeling of the minister to propose an indemnity for our expenses, but which the fear of those various and varying opposing parties might prevent his attempting, except he be supported by opinion out of the house. There is scarcely one of the English press innocent of the crime of pandering to the vanity and hopes of Russia, by leading articles full of anxiety for peace, and by magnifying the' courage, resources, and greatness of the enemy, a course antago nistic to the result desired. If we are to have a satisfactory and a speedy return to peace, we must rise in our demands. We show too much anxiety for it, ever' to realise it in a form in which alone it ought to be made. Indemnity for the past, must be a sine qua non; security for'the future equally so, or there ought to be no peace with Russia: The four points must be blown to the four winds. The - impertinence of Aus tria meet be put a stop to ; the enemy told that any propo sitions he has to submit must be direct to . the three allied powers, without the intervention of any party. With those he does battle with—with those alone he must treat. We must away with all these vaticinations, and this• eternal din and uneasiness• for peace; they must be buried. beneath a bolder English. front ; the Gallic cock must be - spurred, and the English bull , dog let loose, before the enemy will believe we are in earnest ta conquer peace, and not to.sue for it De pend upon it, Russia's game of war is all but played out, Her present implacability is assumed only to obtain better terms. Secrecy has• ever been her policy. Few foreign intru ders into her territory leave it with any reliable information as to the true state - of its policy, economy, and resources for protracted war. She - has sagacity to impress strangers-with a belief in her overwholthing greatness and invincibility:. But where are the proofs , ?: We saw them not on the banks of the• Danube, when opposed; tO , the supposed effete Tacks:- We found them not on thvbanks of the Alma. They aro-both a sham, as is everything= Russian—except extent of territory, profundity in diplomacy; and insolent aggression, to alhvhich• an end must and will be put if the united allies use than:sans• and avail themselves of the opportunity which, to my thinking,. Providence has institutcd'the'present crisis for accomplishing. Breathes there a man cut - of ignoble Greece, (save one-little nn+Fiseish, brainless booby whoa endeavoured to sell 4 his country's interests at Vienna,. to preserve intact whaV ttaitocewsiy called "the honour . of Russia") breathes there, I repeat,. a man who desires notto•seeßnssia split up into prin cipalities and small harmlets states F If there be such an one, he is-an enemy to peace, and; consevently, to humanity. T.. 3 leave her empire as, now' will be to leave her to renew , the -traditional 'policy of uniiersal empire so soon as another. Ozar awark another generation shalt arise ignorant of her , present &hats and prostration. - ' Butita my zeal, lam wanelering from the object of my intim , ' fshin,-whieli was to hope that some'influential townsmen will 'call a meeting to second the Hull address to Her Majesty, fors. 'requiring an indemnity for the-expenses a the war ; a punieh. , sent that will most contribeteeto keep the Russian eagle's wings frees expanding for a future flight for foreign conquest— Ldsfof Man,. Jan. 9,1866. BROOKVALE.. AUSTRALIAN EMIGRATION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.. 5in,, , 7-In your publication of Tuesday last, you have an-. article entitled "Australian Emigration from Liverpool,"ln. which you are strangely wrong in some of your statements.- abrinstause, you say the " Red ;racket" made the quickest.t :.ipizssage-os2, record from Liverpool' to Australia. Such is , inot the fast—the quickest passage- on record having been, iaccomplishad by our ship " James -Baines," in 63i days, or one: iweek less, time than the above: vessel. Our clipper ship, ,1" - Lightning" made the passage -home from Melbourne in 63 ; days,.being six days less than any other ship afloat ; and the lquickest voyage on record to, and; from Australia, was also :made by the" Lightning," in &Ye:months and eight days.. The largest and most valuable.carg,o , ever conveyed to .&,Is ,tralia in,one ship, was by the " Sovereign of the Seas," when she sailed under the " Black Bar flag, on the 7th September, ,1858. The •greatest number of passengers ever carried in one ship, . to and from Australia, has been; by our famous " Marco Palo"` —four thousand seven hundred and eighty souls in three years.—The Emigration Statistieslor 1855, will show thatout. of 1503 a. passengers who sailed. from Liverpool, the "Block. Ball" Line conveyed 9,324, being considerably more than .one-- half the- entire emigration, from Liverpool, and nearly three. times as many as any otherldne in, England. Wewrite this in justice to our ships and their commanders,. :and,the facts will speak for-themselves.—We are, Sir; .yours„ ;resPeotfally, JAME-S BAINES Amato,: liiverpool, Jan. 10, 1859:,... ZWPORT.ANT TO4 THE MERCANTIJ AND SHIB-RkNeg INTEREST'_ DROIMS-,OF ADMIRALTY. 0931BESPONDENCE B)3•INVERN MESSRS. J. ERINICaY 7 M.DOBB AND CO. AltD, Tar BOARD OF TRARB.. DECISIO,I* OF THE 80A,R,0, Liverpool, Decemher,.lo, 11356. MY LORD,—We beg z to call the attention of Ilex. Majesty's Government to the following case:— The shin " Pied-new' arrived iu the Mersey on;the 4.th iasst., and let go her anehor,, about 7 p.m., and. on checking_ the chain parted. The master hull on board, at the time, boatmen from the shore, and agreed,with them to lift and restore the chain and cable for the =mot £16., The chain oreskted in due course, when the men went to inform the master that they were not permitted to deliver the same without an order from the receiver of droits ; and, to ob tain this oraer, the master was compelled; to pay a deposit of £l6, and aos. fees. Being anxious for the ship not to incur any penalties, by a refusal to, comply with the demand of the receiver of droits, we paid the-money on behalf of the vessel. At the same time, we cannot find, in 17 and 18 Vic., cap. 104, any warrant for such a demand. Thic officals becoming such a nuhance, and the exactions on shipping so heavy, that we deem it our duty to bring this muter the notice of Her Majesty's. G,overnment, and ask if the claim be a legal one; and, if not, toclaim protection from such impositions by the interference, of your Honourable Board.— We are, your Lordship's very obedient humble servants, ( Signed) J. BIZA.3ILET-MOORE AND CO. The Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley, President of the Board of Trade, &c. Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade, Marine Department, 17th December, 1855. GENTLEMEN,- - I am directed by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 10th instant, relative to an anchor and chain cable slipped from the ship " Pied-nez," and the conduct of the receiver of wreck with regard to its delivery to the owners ; and in transmitting to you the accompanying copy of a letter from Mr. H. C. Chapman, in reply to your complaint, I am to observe that the case appears to my Lords to assume a different complexion under the circumstances, as stated by the receiver ; and they are desirous, before coming to any decision, to be favoured with any further observations you may wish to offer on the receiver's statements. I am, Gentlemen, your obedient servant, T. H. FAUBER Messrs. Bramley-Moore and Co, Liverpool. (Copy.) Liverpool, Dec. 13, 1855. SIR,—I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 12th (9439), requesting me to report on the case stated in the enclosed copy of letter from Messrs. Bramley- Moore and Co. _ The facts are as follows : On the Bth inst., William Christian, of Kitchen-street, " re ported an anchor, 21 cwt., and 7 or 8 fathoms chain, picked up near the Rock, now lying in Prince's Basin." In the afternoon, a person representing himself to be the Master of the "Pied-nez" appeared to claim the property, and was informed that he would be required to identify it, and fill up the printed form, one of which was given to him, and when he presented the Salvor's receipt for salvage; an order would be given for the delivery of the property. It then transpired, that the boatmen were not willing to deliver it on board the ship in the river without being paid, or a deposit made at this office ; the master said he had no money, and would neither pay the salvors nor make a deposit until the property was put on board his vessel. It subsequently appeared that the master had made an im provident bargain with the boatmen, by having promised £l6 to whoever recovered the property, being under the im pression that 30 or 40 fathoms of chain were attached to the anchor. I explained to the master, that the act was intended in the first place to protect the owners of property, and prevent boatmen from concealing property and selling it to marine store dealers. While, however, inflicting heavy penalties on wreckers, it equally protected them and insured them the payment of such fair remuneration as the magistrates might award, in case a mutual arrangement could not be made, and that the law required that I should either hold the property or a deposit. I recommended the master to make a deposit, in order to save the expenses of carting and labour at the depot. This was done ; and on the delivery of the anchor and chain, my clerk paid, by order of the master, £l6 to the sal vors, receipt enclosed. The report was forwarded to Lloyd's, being above the value of £2O. I have not had any remonstrance from Messrs. Bramley- Moore and Co., or been asked for any explanation ; and have no doubt that, had the master paid the salvors, they would never have reported the anchor and chain, but have delivered it at once, without troubling themselves to ascertain whether or not he was the lawful owner. The quantity of chain at tached to the anchor does not correspond with the master's impression of the quantity on which he founded his calcula tion of salvage, nor was the anchor buoyed; nevertheless be claims it, but he does not produce any marks ; and an anchor of 21 cwt. is rather light for a ship of 621 tons. According to scale it should be 26 cwt. Messrs. B. Moore and Co. evidently write under misappre hension of the facts of the case, so far as this office is con cerned ; they evidently confound the exactions of the boatmen and the ignorance of the master with the Merchant Shipping Act, which, if properly understood, is intended to repress the one and remedy the other.—l remain, &c., ILIENBY C. CHAPMAN. J. H. Farrer, Esq., &c., &c., Board of Trade, London. Liverpool, 18th December, 1855. Mr LORD —We have the honour to acknowledge the re ceipt of your ° Lordship's letter of yesterday, accompanied by copy of a letter from the Receiver of Droits, in explanation of our complaint under date of 10th instant. It is difficult to deal with the special pleading contained in Mr. Chapman's letter, but we are in a position to substantiate our case by a simple reference to dates, and Mr. Chapman's own documents. We submit the case is not correctly stated by the Receiver of Droits, and this will be pretty clear when the statement is stripped of its garnish and reduced to points of fact. It would appear from Mr: Chapman's statement as if the boatmen had accidentally found and picked up the chain and anchor, as though they belonged to some wreck, and then reported the fact at his office. We submit there is no foundation for such a supposition. The. boatmen who lifted the anchor and chain were employed on board the vessel at the time the-chain parted, and a bargain was then entered into between the master and the boatmen for its , recovery and restoration. The - chain and anchor were never lost in the sense and meaning of a wreck. We havre had the master of the "Pied-nee before us to day, and; read to him our letter to your Lordship under date of 10th instant, and he confirms the' accuracy of that state ment. In answer to the statement respecting' the payment of the deposit, wa.refer your Lordship to enclosure No. I, receipt for £l6 deposit, and LI 10s. commission, unfit r date Bth Dec. Now with reference to the charge for reporting at the Cus tom-house, wethave made inquiry at the' Custom-house, and cannot learn that any such report was evermade there. We call your ;Lordship's attention to tire - following facts : The chain andiantbor were delivered ow board on the 9th instant. Enclosure No:•2; the document to claim the chairs and anchor, was sent here for the master's signature, and returned to the receiver onAthelOth, subsequent to delivery on board. On the 14th this , decument was sent back ts , rts to have the description filled up, , and in this state we sent it for 'elibr Lordship's inspection; without date, description e or deelaratioar. The fees were paid;. so these were minor pci:nts,-- until we addressed your Lordship on the subject. We pass over the nonsense and dust about the boatmen., and fictitious claimants: The documents her3with,. we submit, prove tae conduct of this office to be a nuisance;. obstructive, 'and meddling- with: matters not authorizedi* the Act of Parliament. We are contending for" , great principle; to pr.t a=tep to unjustifiable interferenoeund. unjust demands upenchippiiig, and we trust your Lorffehiprwill point out to the lerceiver of Dcoits the difference between a cable and chain dropped in the manner the ship " Pii)d-net's" was, and a chain , and cable belonging to a wreck, within , the meaning of the-17th and` 18th of Victoria. We submit our case to. your Lordship's decision, aced lope you will order the 30s. feen , to• be refunded.—We have the honour to be, your Lordship's most obedient humble servants; (Signed) J. 1313IAMLEY-MOOSB =At Cob . The Right lion. Lord Sulley,. of Alderley, Llstsident of the Board ci 'Tiade,. London. Office of Committee of Privy Council for Tiale, Marine Department, 24th December, 1855: Ginwrzatats-s,—My lords;'U'aveeare:fully considered the state.- Ments forwarded by yourselires and by the receiver, and beg to:calt your attention to the following observations. The facts appear to be as follewsv— The ship "Pied-nez" arrived. in. the Mersey on the 41thi pember,. and on letting go theunchor, at 7 p.m. on that day. ; . the cable parted, and the anehori.with some fathoms of chain,. was , slipped. There were boatmen on board from the shore, and 4 the master of the vessel made a. bargain with them to lift;fthe. anchor and chain for £l6. Tabanchor was not buoyed._ It is, stated by the receivevtlaiit there was a dispute after- , - wards-about the salvage; and'ithat the boatmen, suspecting.: 'that the master would not keep;tellis bargain, refused trrde- • 'liver the anchor on board without payment or a deposiil far , : , £l6witil the receiver. UpcuatbiSpart of the case the evil nee is not clear; but upon Mr. Chapman!s statement, that en the -Bth,. (foam days after the aneEenwas lost) Mr. William Clirld.,-- tian reported to Mr. Chapmen,, the: receiver, " an anchor and seven• or eight fathoms of d.a. in;..lying in Prince's Basini,.,ancl. pioked'np.n.ear the Rock ;" and that he then claimed Elko - tor- Salra,ge._ On the afternoon of the szme4day,.(Sth) the master e&lhe "Pied-nee" appeared to claim the property, and was toldthat he must identify it and fill ap,a form, (which was givminto him) and that when he presented:the salvor's receipt the pro.. perty would be delivered to him.. To save cartage and 1ab0ur,!,311%. Chapman recommended the master to deposit the 1'1,6 with , him, to he paid by hirn,to • the:salvors when the property.was delivered on board- This - was. done; and the anchor and.chain were put on board. on 'the 9tl. You. do not appear to lute the.bargain made for tha•z£l6 salvage,.but argue that thoanchor, Sm., were not wreckusithin, the meaning of the act, and protest against the interference of the receiver as not warranted, by which you haveobeen compelled to pay £l. 10s._ for,charges, which you reqmeetimay be refunded. If the above facts are nstnccurately stated, my lorcitmill,be glatt to be corrected ; but assuming them to be correct; .they desire• to observe : That it is the receiver'S duty to detain property , even though not "wreck" where.there is a disputed claim,fer sal vage;. until the dispute is.settled, or security given (eci-463.) This•power is given him for the purpose of preventing the indefinite detention of the sproperty which might take place. were the salvors to exercise- the rights which they, have at common law of keeping.-it as security for payment of. what is due to them. In the ppesent ease the salvors, it- appears, applied to the receiver to Interfere, and he could not: lawfully refuse. Had the salvage• been paid at once, tho•receiver's interference might never:have been called for. 2. It is by no means dear that the receiver was-not justified. in treating the property as "wreck." If that anchor was. really all the time so buoyed, marked, or otherwise dis tinguished, as to be in-the custody of the owners-or-of persons. employed by them, and, if these facts were brought to. his. notice, it would not be, within his province to take possession. of it, unless for the.. purpose above-mentioned, ,of settling salvage disputes. 'Mit was not, or if any mistake •or dispute• could have arisen as.te the ownership, the receiver, would, be justified in treatingA as "wreck," and in requiring it toam strictly identified. If the anchor was. "wreck," it was riglt , to report l at Lloyds, and it should, also have been repodo€l. at the Custom House, under section 45`x, and the fee of 19s. would be payable. If there was a,dispute with salvors, the receiver would, as above stated, be, obliged to detain the anchor, under section 468 and woula.ba onbithtd to charge £l. My lords have gone fully into this case, as they are-satisfied that your ()bled in bringinc , it forwards must be to, s ea the receiver's position and duties placect on, a, proper footing. They desire me also to enclose a copy of the instructions issued by them to receivers, and to, nail attention to para graphs 3, 33-to 44, 52, and 53. My lords delay their final communication to the receiver till you have had an opportunity ol replying to this letter. The papers inclosed in your letter, are returned, and I am to request that the form of claim may be duly declared to and delivered to the receiver, as a voucher for his protection.—l am, gentlemen, your obedient servant, Messrs. Bromley Moore and Co., T. H. FAI.REE. Liverpool. (Copy.) Liverpool, 26th December, 1855. Mr LORI:O,—We have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 24th instant, and beg to thank your lordship for the care and attention given to our complaint in connection with the case of the " Pied-nez." We are of opinion that some misapprehension exists on the mind of your lordship, and shall now endeavour to explain the points in doubt. _ We have had the master of the "Pied-nez " before us to-day, and have read to him your lordship's letter ; and, with reference to any dispute between him and the boatmen, he most emphatically denies that there ever was any dispute between them. He says there could be no dispute, they having mutually entered into an agreement when the chain was slipped. Whether the bargain was an improvident one or not is beside the question ; the master never disputed or tried to upset the arrangement. We here enclose the agree ment for your lordship's perusal, signed by W. Christian, on the 4th December. (Enclosure No. 3.) This document is also an answer to Mr. Chapman's statement about "some boatmen" reporting and picking up a chain and anchor, as if they had been found accidentally as wreck. (Enclosure No. 4.) With reference, also, to Mr. Chapman's recommendation to the master master to deposit there osittlie was £l6 n too emna s r a e v e eeart e a n g d e at a i n e d n labour, the bou case, r,& the but that it was authoritatively demanded. It is difficult to fix the receiver to any point ; his state ments are so uncertain and change from day to day. We enclose copy of a letter (enclosure No. 4) received from him, dated the 17th inst., from which we embody the following extract :—"I have doubts as to the articles being what he (the master) supposed, from circumstances which have since come to my knowledge." Now there never was a doubt about the property, and if there had been ally doubt, it was too late to raise such a question on the 17th inst., when the chain was delivered on board on the 9th inst. There never was a shadow of a doubt about the identity of the property, and such doubt was never raised till it suited [JANUARY 15, 1856. the Receiver to embody such a gratuitous notion in his leti r referred to above. We think we have answe re d th e po i n t s to w hi c h your 1 or •d ship specially directed notice. We are advised, and submit to the consideration of lordship, that this was not a case f or th e i n t e rf ere nce of Y,`,", Receiver of Droits within the meaning of the 17th and Vic. There was no dispute with th e b oa t men, or doubt tin e the identity of the property ; and we f ee l con fident, with tat; additional facts and explanations, y our l or d s hi p w ill ordell £1 10s. to be refunded, and which we are advised has improperly . received. The 30s. is not worth the letters we have written an d —A tile t trouble we have imposed u p on your l or d s hi p, b u t a Pie principle is involved. And it is necessary to checkc er's avaricious and grasping m anner i n w hi c h th e Recel,' ertt duties are discharged and ma d e su b serv i ent to the Pg' of fees without reference to the public good. nkingyour lordis.hißpkAPixeLhEayv.emtohoeßhEo,nanonr:i to or &c., A ga inswthanking (Signed) To the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, of Alderley, President of the Board of Trade, London. Liverpool, December 17,1 1 . 0 0 GENTLEMEN,—I shall feel obliged by your returniet , .. form of claim filled up by th e M as t er o f t h e " P i e d- ne z' f°,!„ e p anchor and six fathom s o f c h a i n , reporte d b y some boa'''. and claimed by him. fr I have doubts as t o th e ar ti c l es b e i ng w h at he suppo sed , , l circumstances which have since come t o my k no wledge nd • am inclined to think th a t h e wou ld never h ave agre ed,t°,s any salvors £l6 to procu re p ro p er t y wor th on l y, acc orn e ri his statement, £2O ; h e was un d er t h e i mpress ion he was from 30 to 40 fathoms of chain, and wanted to reduce agreement he had made. Now, the chain at si x fathoms must have gone abou t windlass ; if so, the broken link and size of the chain enable him to identify the property. elf If he had any doubts, he should have satisfied h im uot• thoroughly on the point, i ns t ea d o f w hi c h h e gave the men an order to pay them £l6 out of the deposit. , th/ It was impossible, for the boatmen to know or idenvalv property, and while sear c hi ng th ey m i g h t h ave go t hold log anchor and supposed it to belong to the Pied-nez, and so' o rt as they got it claimed a n d rece i ve d £ l6, t h ey wou ld net whether or not the right owner had claimed it. It is not at all an unusual occurrence for boatmen to . 0 $1• fictitious claimants, in order that they may get paid thelfrj, vage, which, when no agreement is made, i s usua lly ouei' c r When, however, a specific agreement is entered into, not interfere. The Marco Polo's anchor and chain, valued at £116 ; :1, recovered for Ela, but it w as b uoye d , an d never left sir'," The "Pied-nez's " was not buoyed, therefore it •was all gut work on the part of the b oa t men .—l rema i n, ge ntle your obedient servant, HENRI' C. CHAPMAN, Receiver of W Messrs. J. Bramley-Moore and Co. al Office of Committee of Privy Council for ' Marine Department , Jan. 12, GENTLEMEN With reference to the question whi c h ttla arisen between yourselves and Mr. Chapman concernieg,oi anchor of the " Pied-nez," I am directed by the Lords o ff Committee of Privy Co unc il f or T ra d e t o i n f orm you, t : / ;l after considering the report of Commander Robertsoa , it the evidence taken by him, my L or d s h ave d e t erm ined the' fees paid by you to M r . Ch a p man oug ht no t t o have ' t o charged, and they h ave accor di ng ly di recte d hi m tete them.—l am, gentlemen, your obedient servant, 11 0 Messrs. Brandey-Moore and C 0.,. T. IL Fa ° Liverpool. Liverpool ) , January 14th, I ,2 6 „ e 're eipLonn,— ordWe have the honour tb acknowledge ct of your lship's letter of the I . 2th• instant, inier vvpi ror us that,..in- the dispute between the receiver of droits ana selves, my lords of the Committee of Privy Council for no had determined that th e f ees l ev i e d by the receiver of ought not to•have been charged ; and that their lordshiP s accordingl directed him to return them. We beg to-thank your lordship for the' attention Pal d 4 0 4 this case, and, to assure you that the decisien- is in barl,o with the universal feeling of all shipowners and merelr amongst whom it has been freely canvassed and disc - a-00 0 ' d ,, The conduct of this office has long required the p-r° l3 ; fork of reform striking into it, and, on the eenservative p u ciple of removing all: proved abuses, we hope this may le ll pt• a further and more searching investigation of itimanage;! ;.t es Instead of theTeeeiver being the dignified judiCial at' between parties,the office is almost reduced to aancre que of fees. cler It is matter of .notoriety, that a systematic platrof pill! ing ships is carried , on in the Mersey which this , Ate l e to put down and swpp r e ser . it was the intention of- the ' t o chant Shipping Aet to-prated the shipowner alike - from, r to exactions of boatmen-or tbe- receiver of droits, best; am ° nately, their interestre•reu in the same channel. It is no uncommo:.Poecurrence for the buoys of anelloo be cut away, and ti anchors afterwards picked ;an d '„gil passed through the sweating process of boatmen's saliage .- reee;eer's fees. b ot We will now stateaease-iuwhieh we had some interee'_,' which only came to euv kno w l e d ge on S a t ur d ay last,.otbe" D ip we should have brought it under the notice of your-love' sooner. fr o , The master of the Raritan,. on his outward voyage mob LiVerpool to Quebec,iivAugust l as t, pi c k e d up a b oa t or t l i e ho found floating on the high seas. The master reporteu bl it eiremnstance on his arrival at Quebec, and advertised lierLt, no one interfered, and lib , returned to Liverpool with thee The master and the mate were not on good terms, 0, 4 4 mate, by way, as lie supposed,, of getting th e master Zit, trouble, reported the circumstance of the flotsam to 'l e , Chapman, who immediately summone d th e master aikhoff mantled the boat. The-master- refused to deliver up thene unless freight were paiet-to and: from Quebec, and, a s the: i d mand for freight exceeds 4 the value of the boat, the Re 0 6,41 ". Well, never mind-, keep the- boat, pay the feesr;o4 there's an end of it." Thirty-five shillings fees were paid' here- the matter dropped,- This is the statement ci the-m as t er o f th e "Raritan " 00 tb us-this day. If' we may venture to suggest a beneficial reform i° 0 01 ,1 department which would, be un i versa ll y approve d, it vi, tp be- terelieve the present Receiver of D ro it s f rom hi s dutiev:j transfer them to some independent person in the Custointrie the fees no longer to go hr , private benefit, but into the P. &matt seamen's fund. The proneness of the publiis-to find , fault with the s pited governments compels us, ind us ti oe t o my L or d s o f the 1* ; " Ciumeil for Trade, and f or -the sa ti s f ac ti on o f t h e meraw community, to publish thiec orr espondence. Wehave the honour to lia;.-my Lord, Your Lordship's mostobedient and humble serventi/ J-BnoatLET-Moonn and Telthe Right Honourable the-Lo r d St an l e y, o f Alderlef'" President of the Board of T ra d e , & c ., & c., &c. Ins reference to the above case, the Times say "A. dispute is pendi ng i n . Li verpoo l , o f some ill' 0 1 ante to the shipping' interest. The lawful exercise p_d powers. of Redeivers of they Droits , of the Admiralty ,itis many occasions been doubtod s land a question has arise!' y that flinctionary at Livevpool„ under the following cir c e s:l stanees, the point to be solved. b e i ng th e perp l ex i n g on et what is a wreck withi n the meaning of the 17th and 11 ' ,tlle Victoria in the Merchant Marine. Act vessel nanie e ' Piesh.nea was dropping hen- anc h or ,, t o wa it th e tid e ford _ .nr t' ing, when the chain parted._ B oa t men f rom s h ore wer e ';0 ins , at the time on board, and the master contracted 01 , therm to lift and restore- the. chain and anchor Upon their being raised and brought alongside, the o e— ria of Droits prohibited their delisery except upon an fe e signed. by him, and a eoppsit of £l6, with £1 10s- The. deposit and fees were. paid, and the chain and `,lti restored, but no order„ it i s sa id, was ev er s igne" a the. receiver. The ownership wua never disputed, Pi!. t. ° questions contested are;7—iicss this a wreck, and iv":',l s receiver entitled to any f a ..? Ma. M'Culloch says a %%l e D ee usually understood to wain; any ship or goods driven 3s , o r found floating .6 sea in: an unmanageable condition that, according to the legal:sense of the word in En'lr io s' is. assumed a wreck' mustliave co me t o land,. since,viii;oo,l sca it is distinguished by.the b ar b arous appellations of jetsam, and lagan In the.-present case it is insisted these terms are applicable, as the cable parted in the e g ! and. not at sea or in a roadst ea d, and may be said never:", moment to have been out of cognizance. The Board 00 5 0 1 hare considered the matter of sufficient consequent-o' l- ' oc * down an officer to incistire specially int o th e circumstLoo and the decision is locked.for with interest both by mer P Tri, o , e and underwriters. Many co m pl a i n t s are made of the.k-0, Act, in consequence cf the vexatious exac ti ons f or w yieh used as a pretext. The government, however, are advnobi to have shown every- disposition to investigate aid: these evils. ECOLESIASnCAL INTELLIG_EZWIL PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS. tficSi d Rev. W. Cooke, of St. Stephe n ' s , HammersmithJtc,..the- , of Gazeley, with the• Rectory of K ent f or d , Suffolk. uptliOr Rev. D. Craven, BO:, , to the Curacy of St. Thomas,.' — green. of Rev. T. Drought to the Living of Dysart, diocese of Lis of 0 Rev. E. M. Dombleton, 8.A., to the Perpetual Car° Vobstr, Somerset. Rev. W. L. Fielderi, to the Perpetual Curacy of 10°5 o Lancashire. t Rev. H. Gough,,M.A., Fellow of Queen's College, ao° the Rectory of Charlton- upon-Otmoor, Oxfordshire. naee fi Rev. G. C. Hiogston, to the B ene fi ce o f Cionmeli or 41 town, diocese of Cbiyne. Rev. W. Jones, to the Incumbency of St. Thomas's Penbnvawr, Pennant Montgomeryshire. Rev. S. Kingsford, M. , A., to the Perpetual Curacy o f C. ton, Somerset. i; fi gdo lP Rev. E. G. Pym, to the Perpetual C uracy o f FY— ef Yorkshi ß. re. • oar ° Rev. J. Rice, M.A., to th e Vi carage o f Sutton with Appleford, Berks. so ß m e e v rset . W . , M. Smith to the Pe r p e t u al Cbtracy of Tia ir t: o s Rev. L.F. Thomas, to the Perpetual Curacy of St..- 1 1, Church, Toxteth Park. tioV e Rev. C. H. Whitehead, to the Assistant Curacy of Sherborne, Dorset. DIOCESE OF CHESTER, PA 4 LICENSES.—WIDNES Dock, FARNWORTR, IN TUE -oisp o OF PRESCOT, IN TRE COUNTY OP LANCASTER.— rhe ie has granted a license for the performance of Di v ine sex y ,,, OP the newly-erected church, for three ye ars, i n th e elr", l PP, , that, before the expiration of that time, the necestodh6 LE m N i fl e a e u s i t c o n c consecration r N a a t iLoAnNI' INSTlTUTlONhavebeenco,mLpilve E t / F . Bishop has granted a license for the performance of Ply' t e fSt vice in a room in the above institution exclusively se 01,0 for that purpose.—The Bishop ha s gran t e d a license ofli ° o Lo deuce to the Rev. W. H . G . Mann, vicar of Bowdoll'he i county of Cheste r , on th e ground of ill health, until 104 Dec., 1857. 0 10, r 11, PREFERMENTS.—The Rev. L ew i s F re d er i c k Til ° ,l 3 C been licensed to th e p er p e t ua l curacy of St. James'!„, robe Toxteth-park, in the county of L ancas t er, vo id by of nation of the Rev. H enr y H am pt on, on t h e nominatile 41; Rev. T. G. Leigh, rector of W a lt on - on th e- Hill, ill 11 county, patron thereof in right of his rectory.—The Leyland Feilden has been licensed to the perpetual c „,siq ii e, Knowsley, in the county of Lan cas t er , vo id by the c' .0 4 9 the Rev. F. G. Hopwood. Pat ron , th e E ar l o f Derby no r Y t i l i £3OO, with a house.—The Rev. Wm. A n d erso n O'C°ll, ~ o off been licensed by the Bishop to the stip en di a ry curll, c ' united parishes of St. Michael a nd St. Ol ave , in tnicell, e r, Chester.—The Rev.'Paulus Amiliu s Singer has beer' I l e s li e to the stipendiary curacyof T a tt en h a ll, i n the countyo f r on the nomination of the Rev. Fi e ldi ng Odd, the rec to ' Rev. John Thomas ,has been li cense d t o th e cur 3 ' Y oors newly-erected church at Widnes Dock,i n th e p ar ochial o f K c e, of Farnworth, in the parish of Prescot, in the count/ 0 0 0 caster, which has been temporarily li cense d f or Divir ie tlie; c o VACANCY.—The rectory of St. Mary-on-the-Hill, ill flitt of Chester, by the death of the Rev. W. H. Massie e , the Marquis of Westminster—value, £322, with a 110 ~.,_ 1)N 4 4 Ilt