The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-11-05 00:00:00

, 2i.tteraturc. POETRY. SONNET. GIVE TO THE POOR! WARM CLOTHING—FIRING—FOOD At once, unsparingly, and l.umbly give ! PREVENT the winter cough, the frame chill'd brood Of throes which make it weariness to iive; For, 10 I November, drenched in fogs and rains, Glooms in the air, and incubates the earth ; Days, short and fickle, nip the labourers' gains. And bring increase—of suff'ring and of dearth. Lucky the woodmen wh.) shall find employ ; The hinds who stall the kine; or pen the sheep; • Plant the young tree; or, lest the floods destroy, Extend the drainage, and the courses keep. The busy, and the bounteous, at this time, Are mind and body warm, alone, throughout our c hue. OPENING OF THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. (From F, azer's Map, In the heart of the city, 1 , When Mammon lay still In the Sleep of Night's silence, (Hush'd Word and hush'd Willy When the garner' d gold rested Untouch'd and unturn'd, And in hard chests of iron Man'S wealth lay inurn'd! When London had pass'd all. His crowds to the West, And the spirit of Commerce Grew dull in its rest; When the haunts of the merchant No sharp echoes woke; From the heart of the City The flame-tempest broke. It rose on its grand wings In strength and in S ire, Up, up to the red sky, The beautiful fire ! It screamed and it crackled In column and flake, Till up-leaped the great city Alive and awake ! In the temple of Dives The flame-monarch stood With bright eyes of saffron And red limbs of blood ; And as the walls crumbled Beneath his great tread, The millions came round him razine for November.) Thy tryst place of lucre Hath shrunk from the eye, And blacken'd or bleaching Its dead embers lie ! And shriek'd as he spread ! What, ho ! for a Phcenix To ccme with new flame, Up, up, from those ashes To beauty and fame ! To stand on that dark spot In glory and pride, And call back the City Again to its Bride! ToO grand and too awful, Too vast in dismay, In the arms of the flame-king The gold temple lay; As swift and as sure They bring the sharp chisel, They hue the white stone, They make the crane rattle, They oil the black hone; They rear the high scaffold, They climb, and they run : Lo ! again a grand temple Mounts up to the sun ! The Temple of hives once more hath its priests; They will deck it with trophies. And crown it with feasts! To-day a grand pageant Will honour their band When the king-merchants crowd round The Queen of the Land ! Was his wreck, as the wave Till the reeking red Mammon Lay hot in his grave! Come Queen and come consort In pomp and in pride.— Come nobles ! Old London Now weds his new Bride Fair plentiful Commerce (Gold strewed in her way,) In hig grand palace-temple Of riches to-day! In wealth and in honour, In pride and in state, In envy and wonder, They watch and they wait Now the pageant is ended The million may roam, And royal Old Mammon Again has a Home Old London! grand London ! Low, low in the dust Thy proud commerce watcheth Her pride and her lust ! NOTICE'S. M'Phun's Catechism of Phrenology. 32nd Thousand Glasgow. 1845. This useful little work, on the subject it discusses, is capitally adapted to convey the elementary knowledge of phrenological science to beginners. It does not require many minutes' perusal, which, with a glance or two at the outline illustrations, will set the inquirer on the right path of phrenological investigation. The Philosophy of Phrenology. 4th Thousand. Same _ _ _ _ publisher. 1845. These students of this new science of mind, as derived from the s•ructure and manifestations of the admitted organ of the mind—the brain, will here find the ground work of the data well developed—the logic of the reason ing carefully conducted—the objections,. whether arising from ignorance or the prejudices of the old school of mental philosophy, fairly stated and calmly refuted—Vse truth of the observations on cerebral developement as the corresponding medium of connexion between mind and the external world, shown and justified from the facts of healthy and .diseased cerebral organization, and finally the benefits to be derived from taking it as a guide in an educational course, because it assumes Nature's scaffold ing as an index of the strength and particular characters of thefuturebuilding to be elevated by her pupil Art, proved to be the sound study of man; whilst a review of the present position of the " schoolmaster abroad" is entered into, and the capacity of the pupil judged of according to the stan dard on which the God of Neture has created him in omniscient wisdom, in order that the proper bent may be given to the twig according to its flexibility or sturdiness of growth ; the old motto being verified, " Non amnia omnes possumus." The subject of disease of the brain, as connected with disturbed manifestation of mind, is suitably descanted upon. Lastly, it exculpates phreno logical study from the idle charges of tendency to mate riallsin and infidelity, which, in strict logic, are not com prehended in the scope of its propositions, and therefore it is only responsible for its own proper inductions from facts of nature and manifestations of mind, and not for any:further and gratuitous hypotheses which some of its followers may speculatively and irreligiously append to these,—any more than the ridicule thrown upon the cari cature of anything is ridicule proper of the original so dis orted. The position of the author, as a teacher of anatomy, will aeeure a calm pern , al at the hands of all, and none need fear the result who follow narrowly and closely on Nature's track, seeing she is at all times true to lferself, whether in the natural or spiritual world, be cause her source and return is from and into the Divine Essence of Unity. SELECTIONS. A Goon IDEA.—In what was formerly the Bankrupts' HO, at Amsterdam, was a group which might perhaps be usefully exhibited in America. Above is a strong money chest burst open, and rats clambering in and out : a man is failing headlong below it; and further down are sculp tuied the relics of sumptuous feasts. The fellow fell by living too fast. On the right is a figure of justice, with sword and scales. It would shake the nerves of the grandest defaulters to stand his trial amid such emblems as these if an inexorable Dutch judge were on the bench before him.—Dr. Durbin's Crbservations. RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.—The grow ing inattention manifested by both !louses to the perfor mance of their functions, is, we know, daily m ore an d more complained of ; and this subject is of infinitely more moment than is generally considered to be. The respect and confidence which the public have been accustomed to feel for the deliberations and decisions of parliament are, indeed, lamentably diminished. The keen interests which its proceedings formerly excited exists no longer. Even the ambition to obtain a seat in parliament is lessened; the difficulty of inducing well qualified candidates to come forward is complained of, and the whole relations between the public and both houses are, we grieve to say, altered for the worse. The tone in which public affairs are (Fo cussed is lowered, and a languid indifference is, by de grees, extending its chilling influence over the representa tives of the people and the people themselves. —Edinburgh Review. FACTS ABOUT WOLVES.—WoIves howl more fre quently when the weather is about to change to wet. They grovel with the nose in the earth, instead of dig ging with their paws, when they wish to conceal a part of their food or the droppings about their lairs. The parent wolves punish their whelps if they emit a scream of pain ; they bite, maltreat, and drag them by the tail, till they have learned to bear pain in silence. Wolf bunters commonly assert that the animal is weak in the loins, and when first put to speed that his hind-quarters seem to waver ; but when warmed, that he will run with out halting from the district where he has been hunted, tali.. ing a direct line for some favorite cover perhaps forty miles or more in distance. On these occasions he will leap upon the walls above eight feet high, crass rivers obliquely with the current, even if it be the Rhine, and never offer battle unless he be fairly turned, then he will endeavour to cripple the opponent by hasty snaps at the fore-legs, and resume his route. The track of a wolf is readily distinguished from that of a dog, by the tro mid dle claws being close together, while in the dog they are separated ; the marks, however, when the wolf is at speed and the middle toes are seperated, can be determined by the claws being deeper and the impression more hairy; the print is also longer and narrower, and the ball of the foot more prominent. Inferior in wily resources to the fox, the wolf is nevertheless endowed with great sagacity. His powers of scent are very delicate, his hearing acute, and his habits always cautious. The European variety is naturally a beast of the woods ; those of the arctic regions and of the steppes of Russia and Tartary have different manners, probably from necessity, not choice.—Smith'B History of Dogs. PRECEDENT VIOLATED IN THE O'CONN ELL CASE.— We affirm, therefore, that the good old rule—viz. that one good count would support a general verdict and judg ment, though the indictment contained bad ones also— was a beneficial rule, calculated to obviate inevitable diffi culties; and its policy was so transparent to all the great intellects which have, both as judges or counsel, been for so long a series of years concerned in criminal cases, that no one ever thought of questioning it. Th e sop_ position of the three peers is not very flattering to their distinguished predecessors, with the great Lord Mansfield at their head—all of whom it charges with gross negligence, ignorance, and, in plain words, stupidity—in overlooking, from time to time, a point so patent and glar ing. The Lord Chancellor's answer to their argument is triumphant ; and we refer the reader to it. 'We respect fully and firmly enter our protest against Lord Denman's mode of getting rid of the efficacy of a custom or practice which has been so long observed by the profession • and regard it as one calculated to sap the foundations of the common law of the land. An opinion, a practice which has stood its ground for so long a series of years uncha/. /enged, amidst incessant provocation to challenge it—and that, too, in the case of men of such vigilant astuteness, learning, and determination as have o l n on a g s characterised soiil the English Bench and Bar — rests up are conceivable, and warrants its su bversion g o r n ol ly n a;t a er s profound consideration, and repeated evidence of its rnis chievous operation. Was any such evidence offered in the argument at the Bar of the House of Lords, of persons who had suffered either a kind or a degree 0. I Punishment not warranted by law? None: but several eases were put in Which-rin spite of past experience to the contrary._ inconvenience and injustice might possibly be conceived to occur bereaftese• What, then, led to this error—for error we must call it.? Let us candidly express our opinion that the three peers were fairly " overpowered" — to adopt the frank acknowledgment of one of the most distinguished among them—by the plausible fallacies urged upon them, with such unprecedented pertinacity and ingenuity, tr aversers' counsel.—Blackwood. by the ORIGIN OF INCENDIARISM.—I shall now enter into more particular investigation of the League's assertion, that incendiarism is " the desperate remedy " for the la bourer's " intense misery." Desperate, indeed, incen diarism truly is, but a remedy for misery it is not. It is rather an aggravation of misery ; because, it) proportion as the burning of agricultural property prevails, the misery of the agricultural labour must be increased. Does not the firing of unthrashed corn lessen the demand for the thrasher's labour? Does it not deprive him of the wages which would be given for preparing it for the mill? Does it not, also, deprive his employer of the means to pay Wm his weekly hire ? Small as that hire may be, is it not better to.receive it than to be deprived of wages al together? But, if the farmer's sacks are to be made the prey of the incendiary's torch, it may speak the incen diary's baseness, but how can it improve the farmer's ability to give employment, when, peth ,ps, employment is the most needed ? If the union poorhouse be a re medy for the labourer's misery, that remedy must cer tainly be his, when his master can no longer administer to his necessities. If the labourer desires constant em ployment at a fair remuneration, how can either be had by the destruction of that which might, otherwise ensure both ? Are his hopes of improvement to rest on crime? How can the impoverishment of the farmer remedy the impoverishment of the farm labourer ? Is it the way to put bread into the mouth of the one by preventing it reaching the mouth of the other? The farmer may, for a while, manage to do without the labourer ; But how can the labourer manage to do without the farmer, even for a sin g le week? What property has the labourer be sides hislabour ? But may not the farmer have property independent of that consumed by the incendiary's torch ? To destroy the corn of the farmer, therefore, is to add to the degradation and poverty of the labourer, and not to " remedy his misery." —Pamphlet by W. Day, Rsg. FIDELITY AND AFFECTION.—One of the most cele brated persons who figure in Chinese history is Heun-tih, and in him is exhibited a remarkable case of the success of well-directed talents. Of poor origin, he raised him self with the fortunes of the last emperor of the Han dynasty, and finally became emperor of the dynasty which succeeded it. known in history as the How-han, or Han restored, under the title of Chaou Lee-tee, ritually the emperor of " dazzling splendour." The following story is one of many related in connection with him :—Having been defeated in battle by his adversaries and obliged to fly the field, he was overtaken by night, and espying a light at a distance, he rode up to it and discovered it to proceed from a cottage inhabited by a hunter named Lew gan. He alighted from his horse, and demanded admit tance and refreshment. The host welcomed him, and, saying he had no provisions, departed for the purpose of procuring some. In a few moments he returned, and, placing food before Leun-tih, desired him to eat. Faint and exhausted, the warrior partook eagerly of the food provided, at the same time asking what animal's flesh it was. Lew-gan replied, "It is wolf's flesh." Henn-till having satisfied his appetite, returned thanks to his host, and retired to enjoy a short repose. Scarcely had the day dawned, when he arose and entered an outhouse, where his horse had been secured, to prepare him for a renewal of the journey, when to his horror he perceived, lying across the manger, the mangled body of a female He instantly returned to the cottage, and roused his en tertainer, of whom he demanded an explanation of the sight he had witnessed. Bowing low to the ground, the poor man replied, " The flesh you ate last night was that of my wife ; unable to procure food, I destroyed her to preserve you; when I did so, I determined to quit my occupation, and follow the fortunes of the ' great general, but I forgot the dependance of an aged mother, whose support rests solely on my personal exertions." This example gives an idea in exact conformity to the Chinese taste. Fidelity and affection for the warrior induced the hunter to destroy his own wife to supply him with food, while his filial piety forbade him desert his mother in her old age and decrepid state.—Chinese Olio. PRACTICAL IMMORALITY OF SOCIALISM.—There are two things especially reprehensible in the theory of Fou rier and of kindred socialists first, the confounding happiness with enjoyment, and the legitimating of all our passions ; and secondly, the egregious expectation of moulding mankind by an external or social organisation, without calling in aid the virtues of the individual. The one necessarily follows on the other. The chain of error is manifest, and leads, as a chain of error may be ex pected to do, to inextricable confusion. If mere enjoy ment, if the gratification of our senses and passions, be the highest aim and condition of the human being, it fol lows that all moral discipline, all self-denial, must be re garded as so much defect, so much imperfection, so much manifest failure in the world-scheme. That lofty gratifi cation which men have been accustomed to attribute to self-control, to abstinence practised under a sense of duty, or in the cause of justice, this is to be measured off as so much simple misery, or so much negation of enjoyment. Let all restraint be discarded : let man be free ; but yet, as the good of the whole is to be consulted in all societies, and in the new society is consulted in an eminent degree. the individual thus released from all self control must be ruled despotically, or, if you will, moulded, fashioned, mechanised by the laws of the community ; for we sup pose it will be admitted, whatever M. Fourier tells us of his discovered law of at•raction, that a very stringent le gislation must bind together that harmonic society, which begins by giving locse rein to all the passions of mankind. Flow the two are to be practically reconciled-- how the utmost license of the individual is to be combined with the utmost and most minute supervision of the laws, we leave the socialist to determine. Such is the misera ble tissue of error and confusion which these projects pre sent to view. These socialists are fond of inventing new Christianities. and in some salons in saris it is, or was till very lately, the fashion to have a new Christianity propounded every full moon. New enough ! They pre sent at least a full contrast with the old Christianity, and in no other point more than in this—the complete depen dence for the formation of the character of individuals on the art of grouping and regimenting them. Christianity has supported for ages monastic institutions, institutions the most counter to the passions of men, solely by its strong appeal to the individual conscience. St. Simonian institutions, or delightful phalansMres, will in vain flatter every passion and indulge every sense; if they leave the conscience inert, if nothing is built on the sense of duty, they will no sooner rise than they will crumble back again into dust. But we do not touch upon these fundamental errors of the socialists, with the superfluous view of show ing the impossibility of realising their schemes; we note them because their recognition demonstrates at once the ill influence which must attend on the teaching and con stant agitation of such schemes. On the one hand, all our desires authorised, and self-control put out of coun tenance as a mere marplot ; on the other hand, perpetual representations that a government or social organisation could effect every thing, or almost every thing that can be desired for the happiness of man. What must follow but that men learn to indulge themselves in a very lax mora lity, and to make most extravagant demands on the go vernment, or the legislative force of society ? Their no tions of right and wrong, and their ideas of the duty and office of government, become equally unsettled and erro neous.— Blackwood's Magazine. LORD ASHLEY AND THE FACTORY OWNERS.—On the evening of Friday week, Lord Ashley met the Lanca shire Central Short-time Committee to receive deputa tions from Ashton, Oldham, &c., with addresses of thanks to his lordship, urging him to persevere till a ten hours' bill be obtained. In the course of his speech, in acknowledging those addresses, Lord Ashley thus adverted to the masters and the factory system :—" It has been said that I am the enemy of the factory masters and of the factory system ; allow me to say a few words on this point. To call me the enemy of the factory masters is to call me insane and unchristian ; there is neither jus tice, nor principle, nor common sense in being the enemy of any one class of gentlemen, and particularly of a class of gentlemen which presents as many instances of intel ligence and virtue as any other in the community. I have never been the enemy of factory masters ; I should be ashamed to entertain any hostility against that class of whom I know so many that are ornaments to our country ; men who have exhibited a degree of generosity and bene volence that I have seldom found equalled amongst other classes of the community. In so large a body of men there must be, as in other classes of society, some far better than others ; some, no doubt, very greatly inferior. If all factory masters were like some that I could name, there would be no necessity for the legislature to interfere ; but, in this, as in every other case, laws of the statute book are made to restrain the vicious, who will not be re strained by the laws of humanity and justice. But, if ever I had been the enemy of the manufacturers (which I deny), I have, since the commencement of my present tour in these districts, elperienced sufficient of their courtesy to force, were it necessary, a change of opinion. I must say, that to whatever place I have gone, I have been received by all the masters whom I have waited on, and by those even who differ from me in my views upon this question, with kindness, and offers even of hospitality. They have given me all and every information I could desire, and with the utmost willingness. For me to say, then, that I am the enemy of the whole class, would be to allow that I am chargeable not only with the greatest folly, but the greatest wickedness. Now, it would be al most equally foolish and wicked in me were I to call myself the enemy of the factory system. lam the enemy of its abuses, but not of the system itself. Why, gentle men, it would be the very extreme of absurdity for any one to call himself the enemy of a system by which tens of thousands of human beings have obtained, and must, moreover, continue to obtain, an honest livelihood. Did. I attempt to endanger its existence, I should consider my self the greatest enemy of the working people who desire, from it, their maintenance. No, gentlemen, I am only the enemy of its abuses ; and those abuses we seek to remedy. Let us but shorten the term of daily labour,— give, thereby, to those employed, the means of enjoying their inalienable right of time for self-improvement and domestic life, and I believe that, in the present state of the country, the factory system might thus be made the channel of comforts, and even blessings to this large com munity. When I have contemplated a multitude of twelve or fourteen hundred people, congregated under a a single roof, governed by the revolutions of a single engine, all within reach of daily intercourse, of watchful care, of every happy influence, 1 have often reflected what prodigious means of doing good had been placed by Provi dence in the hands of such employers. I do say, when I have contemplated one of these enormous buildings, alive with human beings, and under the authority of a single proprietor, I confess I have often said to myself—' I wish to God I were a factory owner.' " EXFLANATION OF THE TERM " RACK-RENT."--Rack rent is rent of the full value of the tenements according to some, but in the opinion of others it is thought that rack rent means a rent so high that the tenant is on the rack how to succeed in getting it together.—Punch's Comic Black, tone. INDIFFERENCE TO HONOURS.—"The king will knight You," said Anson to Campb e ll, as th ey were procee di ng to Court. " I ken nae use that will be to me," was the reply. ' "But your lady might like it," said Anson. Well, then, rejoined Campbell, " his Majesty might knight her, if he pleases."—Memoirs of Keppel. THE FAVERFOOL STANDARD. OPENING OF THE FIRST ROYAL EXCHANGE.—The original Exchange built by Sir Robert Gresham was not opened in the first instance with any formalities. The building had been thrown open for the merchants to transact business, and several shops had been occupied two or three years before Queen Elizabeth named and opened it in form. The 23d January, 1570, was the day ,appointed for the cere mony , an d as i t was o f i mportance t o make as goodly a show as possible on the occasion, ws read in "Stove's Chronicle" that Sir Thomas " went twice in one day round about the upper pawne, and be sought those few shoppe-keepers then present that they would furnish and adorne with wares and wax lights as many shoppes as they either coulde or would ; and they shall have all those shoppes so furnished rent-free that yeere, which other wages at that time was forty shillings a shop by the yeere." It was a great day for the city and for him, when the royal Elizabeth fulfilled her promise. That due importance and eclat might be given to her pro gress, even train its commencement, we learn from the accounts of the churchwardens of Sr. Margret's West minster, that fourpence was paid to the bell-ringers " for ringing when the Queen's Majesty went to the Burse and back again." Other parishes, this being regaraed as no every-day occurrence, were no doubt equally regardless of expense, and the whole of her progress was, in all proba bility, rendered as triumphant as its commencement. The trusty historiamjust named thus describes it :—" The Queen's Majesty, attended with her nobility, came from her house in the Strand, called Somerset House, and en tered the city by Temple-bar, through Fleet-street, Cheap, and so by the north side of the Burse, to Sir Tho mas Gresham's house in Bishopsgate-street, where she dined. After dinner, her Majesty returning through Corn•hill, entered the Burse on the south side, and after that she had viewed every part thereof above the ground especially the pawn, which was richly furnished with all sorts of the finest wares in the city, she caused the burse, by hera:d and trumpet, to be proclaimed The Royal Ex change, and so to be called from thenceforth, end net otherwise.'" During the proclamation, leaden medal lions, commemorative of the event, were distributed among the populace. One of these medallions, now in the collection of Mr. C. R. Smith, has the royal arms of England with the legend " Regina Vbiqve Honorata." The second Exchange, it was expected, would have been opened by Charles 11., who had laid the first stone, but either business or pleasure prevented the thoughtless mo narch from keeping his promise, therefore the only cere mony that took place is thus briefly noticed by Stowe : " September 28th, 1669, was the day the Exchange, new built, was opened for the merchants again to meet in, when was expected the King, but he did not come. But the Lord Mayor, Sir William Turner, came, and walked twice about it, and congratulated the merchants upon their Change again." VALIDITY OF THE INDICTMENT ON THE LATE STATE TRIALS.—Mr. Justice Coltman observes, that, " in old times an indictment contained one single count only;" and that, " now it has become usual to insert many counts." It has become usual—it should rather be said necessary; but why? Because of the rigid precision which the law, in spite of the subtle and complicated character of its modern mode of administration, has long thought fit to require for the protection of the subject, in the statement of an offence charged against an individual. Unless that degree of generality in framing criminal charges, which has been so severely reprobated, in the present instance, by Lord Denman, and which led the judges unanimously to condemn the sixth and seventh counts, shall be henceforth permitted, justice must, so to speak, be allowed to have many strings to her bow ; other wise the very great distinctness and particularity which constitute the legal notion of certainty, are only a trap and a snare for her. There is a twofold necessity for al lowing the reasonable multiplication of counts : one, to meet the difficulty often arising out of the adjustment of the statement in the charge to the evidence which is to support it; and the other, to obviate the difficulty, in many cases, of framing the charge with perfect legal cer tainty and precision. Look for a striking illustration at the sixth and seventh counts of this very indictment. Few practical lawyers, we venture to think, would have pro nounced them insufficient, before hearing those numerous astute and able arguments which have led the judges to that conclusion ; and what if these had been the only counts, or one of them the sole count? Of course, jus tice would have been defeated. Now the rule, custom, or practice—call it what you will—which has been annulled by the House of Lords, was admirably adapted to meet, in combination with the allowance of several counts, the practical and perhaps inevitable difficulties which bes the attempt to bring criminals t o justice; to prevent ar . . injurious consequences from either defective or unproved counts; and we think we may truly state, that no single instance was adduced during the argument, of actual mis chief or injury occasioned to defendants by the operation of this rule—we believe we may safely defy any one now to produce such a case. It is certainly possible for an anxious straining ingenuity to imagine such cases; and where is the rule of law, which, in the infirmity of human institutions, cannot be shown capable of occasioning pos sible mischief and injustice? One important distinction has not, we venture to think, been kept constantly in view by the House of Lords in arriving at their recent de cision; we mean the distinction between defective counts and unproved counts. It was principally in the former case that the annulled rule operated so advantageously for the interests of justice. Let us suppose a case. A man is charged with an offence ; and the indictment contains three counts, which we will call A, B, C—each differently describing the same offence. He is proved in court to have actually done an act to which the law annexes a pu nishment, and a general verdict and judgment, awarding the correct kind of punishment, are given and entered. If it afterwards become necessary to " make up" the record e. to enter the proceedings in due and full form—it might appear that count A was essentially defective, as containing no "offence" at all. But what did that signify —or wnat would it have signified if count B had also been bad—provided count C was a good one, and warranted the punishment which had been inflicted ? The only consequence was, that the indictment was a little longer than it turns out that it needed to have been. Though several hooks had been used in order to give an additional chance of catching the fish, that was not regretted, when, the fish having been caught, it turned ont that two out of the three had not been strong enough ; and that, had they alone been used, the fish must have ecaped.—Blackwood. GENERAL MISCELLANY. There is a large dark spot now visible on the sun's face. Sir William Nott is dangerously ill at Carmarthen. The Right Honourable William Magnay, Lord Mayor of London, has been created a baronet. . The manufacturers of Stockport have agreed to ad vance the wages of their workmen five per cent. It is understood that Mr. Home Drummond contem plates resigning the representation of Perthshire. Pear trees, apple trees, and honey-suckles are in bloom in various parts of the country. The account given a short time ago, of an alleged act of piracy and murder on board the Pomona, of Glasgow, was a fabrication. Lord Rendlesbam, M.P., for East Suffolk, has since Michaelmas last granted an allotment of ground to each of the labourers upon his estate at Rendlesham. Great efforts are made in Germany to prevent specula tors in broom-girls and hurdy-gurdy children bringing them to England. In consequence of a dispute between the band-loom weavers and their employers in Glasgow, 700 of the former are now idle. POST LETTERS.—The gross revenue in the year ending the sth of January last by the Post-office was £1,535,215 Bs. 41d., the cost of management £980,650 7s. nd., making the net revenue £554,265 Os. 10.1 d. On Monday last, Mr. Thomson , for twenty years a re porter to the NeuLasile Chronicle, committed suicide. He had been discharged in consequence of drunkenness, and in a state of dejection cut his throat. Mr. Charles Fair, tax collector in the parish of Clerk enwell, committed suicide at his own residence, iu Charles-street, Northampton-square, on Monday night last, by cutting his throat. COACH ACCIDENT.—On Thursday last the Chester mail upset at the entrance to Bangor ; and within an hour the guard was again thrown down—the wheel of a chaise obtained to carry the mail-bags having come off. By order of her Majesty, two schools are about to be built, at a cost of £l5OO, near Cumberland Lodge, Wind sor Park, for the education of the park and game keepers' children. The Rev. Mr. Myles, of St. Jude's Episcopal Church, Glasgow, has resigned his connection with the Scottish Episcopal Church in consequence (as he states) of his ministerial freedom having been interfered with by the Bishop of Glasgow. Van Amburgh's elephant escaped from his fastenings on Friday night, after performing at the Adelpbi Theatre at Norfolk. When found at midnight, the docile animal had got about three quarters of a mile on the high road, but quietly returned with his keeper. VERY " GREEN."—Last week, a respectable grocer, not a hundred miles from Mansfield Woodhouse, exhi bited in his window a card, with the following written in large letters :—" Teas whom ore green." On being told of the error, he wrote " Teas which his green." DEATH OF A MISER.—On Saturday week, a very old inhabitant of this town (Mr. Thomas Ruxton,) died worth some £lO,OOO. He had lived alone for many years, denying himself every comfort, and preparing what food he did indulge in himself. SINGULAR ACCIDENT,—On Tuesday an inquest was held on the body of an Artillery soldier at Woolwich, who bad met his death through injuries caused in his abdomen by his having run against an iron chain sur rounding a portion of the barracks. INTERCOURSE WITH FRANCE--1,328 persons went through Boulogne last week, and 384 through Calais. Of the former number, 475 had come from, and 853 left for, England ; 578 passed through Folkestone either going or returning. A relative of Wackford Squeers, of Dotheboys Hall, advertises in the Times for a young lady, as assistant in a school, from eight a.m. to eight p.m., for which she is to consider " board and washing a sufficient remunera tion," and pay for her own lodgings! On Tuesday last a gentleman lately returned, with his wife and two children, from Newfoundland, in the last stage of consumption, fell from an upper window of a house at Bath, whilst left alone for a few minutes, and was so fearfully injured that he died in a few minutes. INDUSTRY OF BEES..—The postmaster of lEvanton had three hives this season. Each hive cast: twice, and produced 2751 b. of virgin honey. One of the casts weighed 681 b. of honey, and sold for 10d. per lb., realiz ing £2 16s. Bd., giving daily income to the owner of 9d. per day for 75 days, being the exact number of days from the time it cast until taken down.—Rosshire Advertiser. EXTRAORDINARY PASSAGES AND QUICK DE SATCH. —A Clyde ship, the Arguain, J. Leetch, jun., arrived at Calcutta from Greenock in eighty-seven days; left Cal cixa in January; arrived in the Clyde in 102 days; vra3 discharged, coppered afresh, and loaded with a full cargo, and was back in Calcutta in seven months. CAUTION TO PARENTS.—On Monday an infant whose parents live in Ratcliffe-Highway, London, that had been left alone in bed, with a chair to prevent its falling out of bed, was found quite dead, hanging with its neck tightly fixed between the back rails of the chair ; baying evi dently forced its head through, and then slipped out of bed before extricating itself. We see it announced in the papers that Mr. Morris, Churchwarden of Devizes has expressed his determina tion to cite into the Ecclesiastical Court any person who may leave the Church before the celebration of the Com • munion Service ; that is. we presume, before the conclu sion of the prayer for the Church militant.— Churchman' s Newspaper. GOING TO Cnrucir.—A few Sundays ago, a gentleman who lives within one hundred miles of the village of Des ford, and is a regular attendant at church, but seldom cOines in before the service is half over, actually carve in after the clergyman had finished his sermon, and w ben the congregation were singing the dismission. We need hardly say that the rev. gentleman, with the greater part of his hearers, could scarcely suppress a smile. —Leicester Journal. SHEEP STEALING.—This crime is become very preva lent in the neighbourhood of Northleach. About three weeks since a fine teg was killed in a field, within 500 vrrds of the police station, and the carcass carried off, leasing the head and skin behind. Also on Saturday night last, or early on Sunday morning, a sheep, the pro perty of Mr. William Hewer, was killed, but no part of it was carried away. A person is in custody on suspicion.— ekelienham Examiner. FALL OF A GREAT CHIMNEY STALK.—The large square stalk last erected at St. Roliox Works, fell on Fri day about three o'clock, with a tremendous crash. Most Providentially it crumbled down into itself, and did not fall out in any direction, otherwise many lives must have been lost. As it was, a number of outhouses arei sheds were crushed in the wreck, but we are happy to state that no one, so far as we know, was either killed or hurt. The stalk was upwards of 200 feet high.—Glasgow paper. BALTIC WHEAT.—The arrivals of wheat from abroad have, for several weeks past, been small; and, by the most recent accounts from the leading Baltic ports, it ap pears that the shipments to Great Britain were not ex pected to be of much importance during the remainder of the season. At Dantzic, on the 26th of October, really fine qualities of wheat were still held at 325. to 335., and moderately good sorts at 28s. to 30s. per qr., free on board, prices which are relatively higher than the value of the article in the English mar kets.—Herald. THE CONVICTS BARBER AND FLETCHER.—Accounts have arrived in London stating. that in the vessel which took out these will forgers, a fever bad broken out, to which it was said Barber bad become a victim. It was added that he had left behind him some important me moirs connected with the extraordinary forgeries.—[The Shippiny Gazette says this news "cannot be true. The Agincourt, the 'vessel having these convicts on board, was spoken on the 7th of August—the latest accounts received of the ship—and there had been but one casualty on board, that of a soldier."] A public meeting of Wesleyan Methodists was held on Thursday, in London, for the establishment of weekday schools in connexion with the body throughout the coun try. It is proposed to build 700 of such schools, and it is thought that £5,000 a year would be sufficient, and to obtain that sum they had proposed in the first place to raise by one general subscription £20,000; and they thought ti at £3,000 a year could be reaised by uniting this education fund with the general chapel fund. Some £14,000 had already been subscribed by promises, and the remainder had yet to be raised. A part of the tall chimney of Mr. Gill's alkali works at South Down, near Millbrook was blown down on Wed nesday night last. The chimney was 160 feet high, and was warped from the perpendicular, owing, we have been informed, to the unequal contraction of the mortar when drying up ; the top, we understand, overhung the base several feet. Fortunately the chimney was situated in the middle of the field, the smoke being conducted to it by subterranean flues, and no injury was therefore done to the works, to life, cr property, by the f a ll.—W est o f England Conservative. Tn UNDER STORM.—On Saturday night last, a violent thunder storm passed over Annan Waterfoot. The elec tric fluid struck one of the chimneys of the house of Mr. Dobinson, innkeeper, which was knocked down, and other parts of the building also were damaged. Mrs. Do binion was struck by the lightning, and was immediately deprived of her speech and sight, and otherwise suffered seriously from the shock. A servant girl, who was filling a pint vessel with water, was also struck, the pint knocked out of her hand ; and one of her arms was so paralysed, ;hat she could not use it for an hour ; but, after that time, she speedily recovered.— Westmorland Gazette. DISGRACEFUL OCCURRENCE.—On Saturday after noon, a woman, residing near Watt-street, Ilawkliill, Dundee, went to a draw-well in the neighbourhood to procure some water. In dropping her pitcher into the well, the cord broke, and the vessel fell to the bottom. Having procured the aid of some of her neighbrurs, they succeeded, as they imagined, in fixing a hook to the pitcher, arid commenced hauling it up ; hut, instead of a nitcher filled with water, they were struck with horror on discovering that they had brought up a coffin ; which, on being examined, was found to contain the body of a new born child, which had been thrown there by a person em ployed by the father to bury it. AWFUL VISITATION OF THE METROPOLIS.—Never. since London was London ; has there been such a flocking thither of gentlemen connected with the law as during the past week. The reason of this extraordinary im migration we believe to be this. Hitherto an attorney admitted to the Queen's Bench, London, was supposed to be at liberty to practice in all the courts at Westmin ster-hall, five in number, and the ceremonies attendant upon his admission could all be performed by agent or deputy. According to a strict reading of a clause in the act of last session, it has been discovered that every at torney, before he can practice in the superior courts, must sign by his own hand the rolls of each court. SERIOUS INJURY BY A RAT.—On Tuesday night, the proprietor of an ale and stout house, Southwark-bridge road, was sleeping with his little girl, about three years old, who was lying in a cot adjoining his bed, when lie heard the child scream several times, and as she remained uneasy for some time, she was taken into her father's bed, where she also kept on crying for some time. About three o'clock he was awoke up by something biting the forefinger on his right hand in a dreadful manner. He immediately got up, and found the bed-clothes covered with blood, which was flowing from one of the child's ears, which was dreadfully bitten, as also his own finger. On searching the bed, an immense rat was discovered, which a'ter some trouble was destroyed. Both the wounds are in a very painful state.—London paper. THE LAW OF SETTLEMENT.--On Thursday last, at an inquest before Mr. Wakley, the relieving officer for Ma rylebone stated that he had relieved the deceased person, but had directed that he should be passed on to his pa. rish, and contended that in doing so he had acted strictly in accordance with the law of settlement. Mr. Waklev said the law of settlement was absolutely disgusting, and he hoped another year would not pass without any altera tion in it. He said that dreadful scenes of distress were of every day occurrence, and mainly owing to the abomi nable law of settlement. He considered that the relief of the poor ought to be a general and national affair. A ge neral rate ought to be distributed throughout every parish, and parishes equalized, and then the law of settlement might be abolished. The coroner expressed his determi nation lo bring the matter before parliament. THEATRICAL PROPERTY.—On Thursday Mr. George Robins put up to auction "an annuity or rent charge in Covent-garden Theatre." It entitled the owner also to a free admission to any part of the theatre,and though it had originally cost £5OO, it was knocked down at 105 guineas. Another lot was a £5OO renter's share in Drury-lane Theatre, with a free admission, and transferable annually. The renters originally received 2s. 6d. per night . of per formance, but which is reduced to is. 3d. The share was knocked down for 100 guineas. The next three lots con sisted of 15 subscription shares (five in each lot) of £lOO each, in the same theatre, entitling the purchaser to at tend the annual meetings and partake of any dividend that will on a future day accrue, and all the arrears. They went for 5 guineas each lot, this being the only offer. The last lot comprised five similar shares in the same theatre, and an admission (quite distinct from the shares) for any one person's life. The auctioneer said, that he had often sold an admission for 50 guineas. 20 guineas were first offered, and 28 guineas taken. THE SUICIDE AT KILMARNOCK.—We gave on Wed nesday last the particulars of a very singular suicide com mitted near Kilmarnock, by an elderly gentleman and a lady presumed to be his wife, who had drowned themselves in the river Irvine, after having tied their arms together with handkerchiefs. We understand there is every reason to believe that the parties were a Mr. Joseph Barker, for merly of this town, and his wife. Mr. Barker was one of the firm of John and Joseph Barker, Cromford Court, who were largely engaged in the German trade, and failed somewhat about the year 1814. Mr. John Barker, we believe, died very shortly afterwards ; but Mr. Joseph Barker subsequently resided in London, and more re cently travelled for some time for a house at Birmingham . This employment he left a few months ago, with a view to a connexion with a house in London, in which, how ever, he did not succeed; and it is supposed that disap pointment on this score, and probably the exhaustion of his resources, led to the commission of the fatal act.— Manchester Guardian. A WHOLESALE TEETOTALLER.—In a neighbouring city, a few days ago, a bacchanalian from the country ex • pressing a determination to become a teetotaller, consulted a wag as to the mode of procedure, when he was jocularly recommended to go to the office of the New Water Com pany. When the rustic called, a number of clerks were seated at their desks, but the manager was absent. Be ing anxious for information, he asked if many were join ing just now? He was answered, " Oh. yes." He far ther inquired, "Do you not tak' a drip yoursels' occasi onally ?" " What do you mean, Sir ?" " Now," re joined the would-be votary, " tell me honestly—do you no tak' a spark o' the whiskey ava ?" " Oh, certainly," was the answer. " I was just thinkin as muckle," quoth he. One clerk asked another " What does the old quiz mean ?" when the manager made his appearance. Bump kin was then politely shown into the manager's room, upon which he expressed a wish to join his society. " Well, Sir," said the manager, " it's eighty pounds a share." " Eighty pounds, Sir," exclaimed the sot disant waterbibber in amazement, " what for ?" " Oh, for the water, Sir." Eighty pounds for water 1! Saul, stick to the whiskey yet !" said he emphatically, and bolted out of the office.—Dundee Advertiser. "SUMMARY OF THE SESSION."—A. return has just been issued of the number of days on which the House of Commons sat during the past session, the number of divisions, the number and disposal of private bills, and .other particulars. The first return states, that from Fe bruary 1 to August 9, the House snt 119 days and four Saturdays, the total hours of sitting being 9961, the num ber of hours after midnight 69, (58 nights.) and the ave rage time of sitting 7 hours 36 minutes. The aggregate number of divisions was 167. before midnight 126, after midnight 28, private bills (before midnight) 13. BANK OF ENGLAND FORGERIES.—Our Paris letter mentions that the forgers of the Bank of England £lOO notes, mentioned in The Times of Friday last, had reaped a rich harvest in Fiance and Belgium. Forty of those forgeries had been passed on the money-changers of Paris between Monday and Thursday last.—Times.—[With re gard to the extent of these forger:es, it is ascertained up to this time that 22 false notes, of £lOO each, have been presented. Lindor, the man who is considered to be the principal agent in the forgeries, appears to have effected his esclie from Paris, as he did from Brussels and Lon don, after having got several of the forged notes exchanged.] THE GAME LAws.—The Earl of Euston who has just inherited the title and estates of his father, the Duke of Grafton, has just addressed to his brother magistrates a letter in which he tells them it is the duty ' of a justice of the peace to prevent crime," as well as impartially to administer the laws of the country ;" and declares poach ing in Suffolk to be the prime source of all the crimes committed in that county. He then comes to the conclu sion that there is no cure for poaching but abandoning entirely the preservation of game. The reasons on which he urges this do honour to his philanthropy and his patriotism. No class of the community, lie declares, is privileged to be idle; and therefore no one class of the community has any right to pursue amusements which injure the rest. He ridicules, too, the modern bagging system, asking " how can real gratification wait upon the slaughter of a thousand head of game in one short day ?" while he vindicates the sportsmen of a previous generation from the imputation of propensities which ally our civilized gentleman with the Indian of the prairie, strewing, in mere wantonness, the grassy plain with the body of the bison. " Our fathers" says the Earl of Euston, " and we of the earlier part of his generation, were satisfied with a very little spoil to our gun and were more gratified by the health we obtained by the exercise, and by the sagacity of our dogs, than by the effects of our shooting. But the system is changed. The sagacious dog is scarcely used to hunt the woods and fields, but men and boys are used for these purposes." Do away with preserving, he contends, and the farmer, relieved from a heavy burden of county rates and poor rates, will have more means to employ the adult,and to subscribe towards promoting the education of the young. The adult, set free from the temptations of poaching, will gradually return to habits of steady industry; the young, better educated, will no longer be helplessly tied to their RAILWAY INTBLLIGEINCE. A man has been killed on the Brighton Railway, near Hayward's Heath-station, by an engine passing over his body while lying, in a drunken state, across the rail. GERMAN RAILROADS.—It appears from an official return that, at the end of August last, there had been completed in Germany 475 French leagues of railroads, and that the capital employed amounted to 136,000,000 of florins (about £10,900,000 sterling). At the Harve and Rouen meeting the report and ac counts were received with every satisfaction. The direc tors say they look for the opening of the line in the au tumn of 1846. With regard to expense, it is stated that the costs of the works are within tl e estimates, but this saving has been nearly balanced by the greater expense of the land. The Paris and Rouen Railway shareholders have de clared a dividend of 24f. 70c. per share, payable on and after the 7th instant at Messrs. Lafitte, Blount, and Co's. The gross receipts of traffic for the half-year are stated to have been 3.855,591 f. Toe expenditure has been at the rate cf 47-195 per cent. on the receipts. An increase is exhibited in goods traffic, which it is expected will fur ther improve. RAILWAY PROSPERITY.—MI. Wills, of Liverpool, in his weekly Share List, dated on Saturday last, states that the increase in traffic receipts, since the 30th June, on the leading lines in that week's Share List, as compared with the corresponding period of last year, amounts to nearly £230,000, and affords incontestible evidence of the un abated and increasing prosperity of railway property.- I?ailumy Record. RAILWAY AND COACH FARES.—It was stated by Mr. Chaplin, the gr.( at coach proprietor, before , the railway committee of 1838, that the average rate of coaching fares. previous to the introduction of railways, was about 41d. per mile inside, and 24d. per mile outside. According to a paper laid before the committee of last session by Mr. Laing, of the Board of Trade, the average fares of the leading railway companies were, at the date of his evidence, about 3d. per mile first class, and 2d. per mile second cities. Including the third class, especially since the re cent reduction, the average would be considerably lower —Railway Record. • THE HUDDERSFIF.LD AND SHEFFIELD JUNCTION RAILWAY.—This will complete the line for traffic from Huddersfield and other towns to the north of it. It com mences at the intended station of the Leeds and Dews bury, and the Huddersfield, Ashton and Manchester Railway, proceeds along the same tunnel to Bury, Crew, Smithy Place, Brokenholes, Shipley, Denbv Dale, Dun kirk. Hoyland Monr, &c. to the Sheffield and Manchester Railway, near Penistone. Besides opening a line for the traffic to the south, this project will secure a much cheaper supply of coal and lime than heretofore, for the extensive manufacturing districts surrounding Rudders field. THE NORTHUMBERLAND RAILWAY.—Mr. Hlidson has addressed a letter to Lord Howick, in reply to one from his lordship, re!ative to this line. He urges, in re ference to his lordship's opposition, that the company who have carried railway communications as far north es Newcastle have a good claim to execute the remaining link between London and Edinburgh, which his lordship had kept out of view. He denies that the deviations from the original line were made to deprive Lord Howick's li ne o f support, and conclude s by say i ng , on t h e part o f the company with which he is connected, that they have no apprehensions as to the result w h en th ey l eave th e merits of the two projects to tie judgment of parliament. BIRMINGHAM AND GLOUCESTER RAILWAY.—A spe cial general meeting of this company was held at Bir mingham on Thursday„ when it was resolved to apply to parliament for power to divert the present line at Abbott's Wood, passing close to the city of Worcester, and north wards through the town and salt works of Droitwich, re suming the present course of the railway about a mile to the southward of Stoke ; and an extension line from Droitwich to Wolverhampton, passing through or near to the towns of Kidderminster, Stourbridge, and Dudley. resolution was then proposed to raise £500,000 in 10,000 shares of £5O each, guaranteeing 4 per cent of n ini mum, divided after the works were completed. Mr. Wotherspoon, of this town, stated that such a guarantee was uncalled for and unfair to the proprietors of the ex isting line, and moved that the provision relative to it be omitted, which was eventually carried, on the understand ing that another special meeting should be ca ll e d if t h e capital could not be raised without the guarantee. YORK AND NORTH MIDLAND RAILWAY.—A very in fluential meeting of the shareholders in this company was held last Monday afternoon, at York, for the purpose of sanctioning an application to Parliament, in the ensuing session, for power to enable the company, or some Pother company in connexion with !hem to make the following lines of railway : namely, a line from the York anti North Midland Railway to Doncaster, one to Harroweafe; ano ther from Selby to Goole, and a railway from the York and North. Midland (Scarborough Extension Railway) to Bridlington and Driffield, and to raise the necessary capi tal.—Mr. G. Hudson took the chair. He stated that the Goole line would cost £lOO,OOO. The one to Bridlington, which would be nineteen miles in length, would cost £BO,OOO. The Whitby and Pickerinel had already been purchased for £BO,OOO, the original cost being £130,000. The sum required altogether for these lines was £635,000. There were 190 miles of railway, Had the whole would be constructed at about £lO,OOO per mile. The capital of the company, with the new creations, was £1,895,000. — The following resolution was then adopted :—" That, in order to raise fund for the purposes aforesaid, an addi tional capital of £632,500 be raised by the creation of new shares of £25 each, and that such shares be offered in the first instance to the proprietors who shall have been re gistered in the books of the company on the 22d day of November next, in the proportion of one new share to every £5O share, including the Leeds and Selby £5O shares; and far every two £25 shares, including the Leeds and Selby, and York and Scarborough shares of that amount, and that a deposit of £1 ss. per share be paid thereon at the bankers of the company, on or before the sth of December next; that provision be made in the act or acts for the payment out of the ,additional capital of interest at the rate of £4 per cent. per annum, to hold ers of such new shares for the amount of their subscrip tion, till the works he completed, after which the new shares to form part of the capital stock of this company." GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY. On Friday a quarterly meeting of the Grand Junction Railway Company was held, at the Cotton Sales'-rooms, for the F urpose of hearing a statement of the progress of affairs during the past three months, and of declaring a dividend. John Moss, Esq., presided. The CHAIRMAN opened the business of the day with a long address, explanatory of the state and prospects of the undertaking. He expressed a hope that the Shrop shire gentlemen would adopt moderate counsels ; and said that all the needful measures were being taken by the Grand Junction Board for bringing before Parliament the Shrewsbury and Wolverhampton, and also the Shrews hut y and Stafford lines. He thought the course adopted by the London and Birmingham Board in this affair had not been such as they had a right to expect ; but, as they had publicly, lately, shown on what they ground that opinion, he should say no more now. He desired, how ever, to take this opportunity of . disclaiming, fo r hi mse lf and his colleagues, all intention to make a n y personal charges against the chairman or any member of the board. An injustice was done to them if any part of their public statement was construed into an attack or in sinuation of any kind on any gentleman individually ; if he were to add to it, it would only be to express the great regret that the Shrewsbury party should have been, under all the circumstances of the case, enabled to boast, at their recent public meeting, that they had among the holders of shares in their competing line the most influential of the London and Birmingham Directors. (Hear, hear.) Un happily there had been, recently, a difference of opinion between the London and Birmingham and Grand Junc tion Boards on other subjects, a full explanation of which he did not deem it expedient at present to go into. He b w e o e u n l d not right or e w n h c o h ffe w r r o a an g opinion th i a s s b t e o m w u h s i t ch s a y p , a t r h t y a t h a a n d ' agree men t ma d e between th ' e two boards, in July last, was no longer in existence; th a t it was a dh ere d to until the `London and Birmingham Directors had persisted in their refusal to refer the matters in difference to the arbitra tion it provided, namely, to three of the shareholders not being directors of the company. In the present posi tion of affairs, the course of the Grand Junction Board would be defensi v e on ly. H e cou ld h ar dl y b e lieve that parliament would allow new lines to be made running parallel and close to theirs, practice having gone to prole that the public cannot be gainers by such a plan. He thought, that, if any railway in the kingdom could be considered safe, theirs was-that r ail wa y ; an d, in proof of the sincerity of these opinions, he had, very lately, con siderably increased his interest in the concern. (Hear!, hear.) Th e i r rece i pts were most satisfactory. T hey bad lowered their fares, and given greater accommodation to the public — (applause)—by adding second-class coaches to first-class trains and by giving a third-class, with covered carriage, at Id. per mile. (Applause.) Th e Chairman concluded by moving that a dividend of £2106 for the three months should be paid. He said this woul d leave a very handsome surplus, and he expected to have a very flattering statement for the shareholders at Christ mas. Mr. ROBERTSON GLADSTONE Deputy-chairman, ge - conded the motion, which was unanimously adopted. Mr. U. POTTS, of Chester, remarked. that, althouga disputes had arisen between the respective companies' which must be unfortunate for all parties, he had no doubt whatever that the consideration given by the Grand Junc tion Company to the measure in dispute was given upon mature judgment. Mr. MOZLEY said, that the chairman had thought pro per to address the proprietors on a variety of points which were eminently important. The Grand Junction Cool pang held, at a cheap rate, a very large and extended line; and if, taking into consideration that what had been done three or four years ago in the infancy of railways could not be effected now, and if they were content to try what they had got, and to extend their line in every portion; if they reduced their fares and paid constant attention to the wishes of the public ; if, in fact, they anticipated the wants of the public, he felt quite confident they need not fear opposition from either the north or the south, and that there was in the Grand Junction Company that back bone which would carry them through to the line. (Hear, hear.) With respect to the difference with the London and Birmingham Board, he thought he might say P I P - Hely what had been said privately, that on a careful viesv of several of the documents, there w as no uestion of doubt that an agreement had been made for q the mutual benefit of both parties, and that, if arbitration was to take place at all, it should have taken place at the rery identi cal point at which the parties bad arrived. (Hear, hear.) He was quite convinced that it was for the interest of the companies to cement a strong alliance, and that, by mu tual good working and understanding, and also by shorten-. ing the distance between London and Liverprol, they should render'every class and description of opposition a nullity. Applause. He considered, as a man of business , that the differences between the two companies must end in a serious loss to both. He spoke boldly and plainly, with the view of showing, that, if the directors of either board were self-willed, or Wany portion of either were deeply interested in other concerns,—(hear, bear !)--he carried the flag to rout them from their hold. (Loud cheers.) He prayed them to consider that there were very large interests at stake, interests of the last import ance ; that, upon the faith of men of honesty and g ood judgment, widows and orphans had invested their pro perty in the concern ; and that anything like direct oppo sition between the two companies could only end in the destruction of the means of this defenceless class of per sons. (Hear, hear.) Mr. RUTSON asked what foundation there was for say ing the directors of the London and Birmingham Com panies were shareholders in the Shrewsbury line ? Mr. SWIFT said he had heard it mentioned at a meet ing in Wolverhampton. Mr. RUTSON asked how the chairman considered the agreement of July at an end ? The CHAIRMAN replied, that, when the Birmingham Company declined to refer the matter in dispute, they were informed that the agreement was.at an end. There was not any railway property in the kingdom which was not injured by the differences between the Grand Junction and Birmingham Boards. He was sorry he could not see how it was possible to make any agreement with the Bir nainzham Board more binding than the last. Mr. MOZLEY here entered into some explanation as to the position of the London and Birmingham Directors with regard to the Shrewsbury line and their alleged in terest in that undertaking. The explanation was considered somewhat satisfactory. The CHAIRMAN observed, that since they had written to the London and Birmingham Board, to state that their agreement wes at an end, no answer had been returned to their communication. Mr. HARDMAN EARLE stated, that plans had been prepared and notices lodged for the purpose of making a railway from Crewe to Stoke by the Grand Junction Company ; and that other parties would take up the line, and make it to Stafford, so that the Potteries would have as Rood a railway communication as could be wished. The meeting separated at a quarter to three o'clock. APPLICATIONS FOR SHARES. The Mining .Tournal of Saturday contains the following exposure of a system which has been discovered in the applications of certain parties for shares in the various railway projects now before the public. A plan, says our contemporary, which has of late become general, is that of writing in false names, with addresses to Liverpool, Birmingham, Bristol, Plymouth, or any other town, for shares to be allotted, without any particular address being given ; and in many instances shares are appro priated, on the assumption that Mr. Tomkins, of Liver pool, or M r. Brown, of Bristol, must be highly-respectable men, as they deem it unnecessary to give any other than a general address. Let us see how far this assumption is correct. Mr. Tomkins or Mr. Brown communicates with the Post-office at Liverpool or Bristol, and direct that any letters addressed to them shall be forwarded to their private address in London—say, Star-alley, or Five's court, St. Giles's—and thus the allocation letter comes back to London. This is one case.—Now proceed we to another. A letter of application of the Rev. —, of Balham Hill, is addressed to a company. An agent is appointed to ascertain the respectability of the party, and, on enquiry of the postmen of the district, is informed that the letters addressed to the Reverend gentleman are to be forwarded to Cottage, Wandsworth-road. The party making the enquiry proceeds to the place named, and finds that Cottage is a cigar shop, and the proprietor is the Rev. —. It must be understood that we speak alone of cases coming under our own knowledge. Again, a letter apply ing for shares i s sa id t o come f rom " A. 8.," of a cer tain street in "A. B." is known as a highly respectable man, and the shares are appropriated, but the letter never reaches his bands—indeed, he is ignorant of any application in his name, and, moreover, the ad dress is incorrect. The letter, however, is secured by the party who has thus forged the name, by being taken from the postman. Another case is that of letters being addressed to certain parties, and the address being altered by means of a chemical pro cess, and another substituted—thus avoiding the responsibility incurred of signing the deed, while the premium on the shares is secured. A further one, and that of the most vital importance, as connected with our commercial relations, and the Post-office authorities , is, that applications for shares are made, and the letters in reply, in too many instances, are, by an understanding beta een certain parties, placed in other quarters than those for whom they are designed. We have said sufficient to put those interested in the formation of companies on their guard ' • and we have good grounds for stating, as re l a t es to t h e ' latter case, that a representation will be made to her Majesty's Postmaster - General. Nov. 5, 1814. FASHIONS FOR NOVEMBER. (From the " London and Path Ladies' Magazine cf Fashion." I The manteaux, bournous, and pelisses, do not differ, very materially f rom th ose o f l ast w i nter; the autumn al manteaux of black satin, lined with white silk, bar e sleeves almost concealed by the frills that encircleithe arm hole; and surtouts of satin, a la reine, enriched by den telle de velours, laid on flat, are very distingue ; they ar e of a very comfortable make, almost always with pe/erine , which is rather pointed than round ; the paletot Grecql , is made of the same material as the dress it is worn wit h ' and in make bears some resemblance to the gentleman s Paletot. Pelisses of velvet are trimmed with f ur , which will will be much used this season, not only on out-door t° : " Telles, but satin and velvet dresses will be ornamented by two and three rows of fur. Ermine, for dress, and iner e ten en neg/ige', will be the most in request; the paia, l ' fs ; Polonaise, is an improveme n t on t h e camail of last wintealt; and the palatine Busse, i s a l so fashionable, uniting scarf and pelerine. tber The capotes and bonnets of this season, are ra small, and continue low in the crowns; the colours ir ° 4 are deep blue, emerald green, violet, with feathers " o f ribbons shaded in the same tints. Velvet c apoter gray beav er co l our are made, ornamented ins id e v'Z' a ponceau ribbon ;' th e mara b ou t d roop i ng, f eat h e r shad grey and pon ceau . V e l vet b onnets, of vert- de-grlined lour, are very elegant. Capotes of black velvet a re k. with pink, an d t h e f eat h ers are shaded pink an d bl h a it a Caps for demi-loillette are of tulle bouillontu'.. sha des quantity of gauze o r narrow ve l ve t r ibb on , in tvrbieing a! head" of colour. P re tt y li tt l e caps are ma d e with clout, piece on which is a wre a th o f d e li ca t e flowers, from, fl the sides in bunches. Caps, that are quite flat In are only trimmed on the crowns with ribbon. One or the pretti es t coiffures of dress, is the Egyptian ; the Mogador i s a l so a d m i re d, f orm i ng a union of ribbon in all the s h a d es f rom p onceau t o pi n k ; in" s q es o f the same is very much 'used i n f our an d five sha de colour: on The turban Africain, the nceud tange, and the f W toque Espagnol, are the favourites. Wreaths are pre uribbon, ferred to detached flowers. The make of corsages will undoften wi ergo littl revers or chang r e ; for dress, they will still be bus : th open berthes, but the short sleeves will be both fuller and longer ; in thin materials, the skirt will be double, and fringes of silk, mixed with silver or gold, will be worn on crape dresses, instead of flounces, with berthe of the same. Morning dresses will be open, with revers on trimming , the chemisette embroidered in front ; and ceintures, with buckles, a re gradually gaining ground; buttons are also very fas hionable,l in enamel, marcassite stone, &c. Vel vet is much used for trimming dresses, and lace is univer sally worn ; the Amazone make of dress bas its admirers, in which style cloth has been used. Sleeves are of everl variety but in thick materials, as velvet, tight ones are preferred. F