The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-10-31 00:00:00

Oct. 31, 1848. •LtttratUVt. VARIETIES ith of A WHOLESALE JACK KETCH.—A London cheesemon- Leh ger thus concludes his circular :—" Families waited on for orders, and punctually executed." l e y " UNDER THE Rosc. —The ancients consecrated the in rose to Harpocrates, the god of silence, and, therefore, in- frequently placed it on the ceilings of rooms destined for wn the receiving of the guests, and implying that whatever la- Was transacted there should not be made public. Lily Crime is the moral cholera of the social body. It is a [ch disease far more deadly than mere physical pestilence can or be, however virulent. it kills both, the body and the he soul. It affects the future as well as the present. The taint which it leaves is in the mind. Plague is only a rt, ced temporary visitant ; but crime is a disease permanently endemic, a canker always eating into the heart of our n- civilisation. ... . - ias nd :he ant 'U- Is. ier LITERATURE IN THE LAST CENTURY. — The most fas tidious and extravagant of authors was the accomplished, the moral Lord Lyttleton. How striking the contrast between this peer and the plebeian authors of the time ! Whilst they, trembling with cold, hungry, and despair ing, hurried off their manuscripts to the printer's hands, and scattered their productions as it sere to the winds, careless of fame, and solicitous only to live, Lyttleton printed and reprinted his " Life of Henry II.," correcting and recorrecting with an anxiety which could not defend him from the blast of Dr. Johnson's criticism. The whole work was printed twice before it was deemed fit for pub lication, a part of it three times, and the corrections cost the noble owner a thousand pounds.—Johnson's Dic tionary, which was calculated to take three years in its -compilation and printing, required eight for its comple tion, the sum given for it being £1575, scarcely £2OO a -year. Out of this Johnson had to pay six assistants, to whom he entrusted the mechanical parts ; and of these, -great as was his prejudice against their country, five were bcotchmen. Poor Johnson had spent the whole sum re ceived for the copyright, and one hundred pounds more, before this great national work was concluded. APPEAL TO SOLICITORS.—But, gentlemen, let me not be misunderstood. You will frequently see poor human lizture in some of its worst aspects : it cannot but be so ; and it will call forth the exercise of all the virtue, all the Christian feeling, that is in you. To you will come pant ing revenge, merciless cupidity, hard hearted avarice , hatred, malice, and all uncharitableness. Into your ear wilt be poured, from time to time, their fierce whisperings against their unfortunate fellow creatures. To gain their ends, to wound the feelings of an opponent, and secure Often some petty advantage, persons employing you will not scruple to violate the sacred confidence of social inter course ; and it will be sought to make you a sure, a wil ling, and sharp instrument in their unholy hands, to gratify their evil passions : to oppress and crush the un happy and helpless ; to pursue, for instance, the hasty utterer of slander—the unthinking wrong-doer—with deadly pertinacity, and consequent cruelty to both parties ; when a timely, kind, judicious interposition would have healed the skin-deep wound, and restored peace and amity. Will you do these things, my friends ? Will you consent thus to demean yourselves, and degrade your office ? Nay, but God forbid ! You shall, on the con trary, throughout life, remember from whose awful lips fell the words, " Blessed are the peacemakers !" You shall say, on such occasions, with noble firmness, " I will not do what you demand. I disdain to be the instrument of your vindictiveness, of your over-reaching avarice ; I will not be the conduit-pipe of your sweltering venom and malignity. I will not, at your bidding, plunge your debtor into prison, and his family into the poor house. I will not hurry into the Gazette one struggling manfully but desperately with misfortune, and whom you would . . • •v. 1r prostrate with short-sighted fury, 1 will not do all this, when I am satisfied that they are unfortunate only, and you cruel and exacting. If you want to crush and de stroy, go elsewhere, I will not abuse the law ; I will not plutige - its sharp weapons into their hearts, nor prostitute law, in my person, by giving effect to your unjust and ty rannical wishes ?"—Warren's Duties of Attorneys. OBITUARY ELOQUENCE.—A correspondent of the Burlington. Free Press has furnished to that journal the following verbatim report of a funeral discourse which he says he heird delivered in the Florida House of Repre sentatives. The duty of making it was voluntarily as- sumed, and even insisted on by - the speaker, to the no small wonder of the house, his utter incompetency being notorious :—" Mr. Speaker : Sir,—Our fellow-citizen, Mr. Silas Higgins, who was lately a member of this branch of the Legislature, is dead, and he died yesterday in the forenoon. He had the brown creaters (bronchitis be meant, I suppose), and was an uncommon individual. His character was good up to the time of his death, and he never lost his voice. He was 56 years old, and was taken sick before he died at his boarding-house, where board can be had at a dollar and 75 cents a week, washing and bolts included. He was an ingenious creatur, and in the early part of his life had a father and mother. He was an officer in our state militia since the last war, and was brave and polite; and his uncle, Timothy Higgins, belonged to the revolutionary war, and was commissioned as lieutenant by Gen. Washington, first president and _ r _ -,1 COMMalltler-111- L. Iva va States, who died at Mount Vernon, deeply lamented by a large circle of friends, December 14, 1799, or there about, and was buried soon after his death with military honours, and several guns were burst in firing salutes. Sir, Mr. Speaker,—General Washington presided over the great continental sanhedrim and political meeting that formed our constitution ; and he was indeed a great and good man. He was first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his, countrymen ; and though he was in favour of the United States Bank, he was a friend of education ; and from what he said in his farewell address, I have no doubt he would have voted for the tariff of 1846 if he had been alive, and hadn't a'died sometime before hand. His death was considered at the time as rather premature, on account of its being brought on by an ordi nary cold. Now, Mr. Speaker, such being the character .of General Washington, I motion that we wear crape around the left arm of this Legislature, and adjourn till to-morrow morning as an emblem of our respects for the memory of S. Higgins, who is dead, and died of the brown creaters' yesterday in the forenoon." EVIDENCE OF ANCIENT DRY LAND.—In the upper new red sandstone of Weston Bank, near Runcorn, in Cheshire, we have the first positive evidence hitherto discovered of dry land in England. At Weston, in the rock above-named, about thirty-two feet from the sur face, and in the higher part of the deposit, there is a thin bed of red clay, fr om a b ou t a h a lf t o th ree quar ters of an inch in thickness. This clay affords impressions of the feet marks of the cheirotheri um , rhvnchosaurus, several other reptiles , numerous worm marks, and beautiful lines of desiccation, similar to what a bed of moist clay would undergo, under a hot sun at the present day. The red clay was evidently deposited by water, which afterwards receded from it and left it uncovered. When this deposit was in a plastic state, the animals walked across it and left their tracts, subsequently the sun or air, by desiccat ing the clay, produced wide cracks, and the water, at length returning, again filled both the feet marks and the cracks, and made a beautiful cast of them in the sand. Thus do these most interesting specimens, not only show us the tracts, left countless ages ago, of some of the most extraordinary animals that ever existed on our globe; but they afford us proofs of a quiet flow of water that de posited the red clay—the recession of such water—the drying and cracking of the clay by a hot sun or air, and the return of a short current of water , bearing along with it the sand that formed the casts of the moulds,—circum stances of great interest to those who speculate on the physical condition of the globe at t hat remote p eriod. Numerous such thin beds of, clay are to be met with in the coal measures, alternating with beds of sandstone, formed of grains of different sizes, still no trace of de siccation is to be found like those in the new red sand stone last described. Such may have existed, yet all evidence of them in England has been lost ; but Mr. Lyell, in vol. ii., no. 4, p. 25, of the second series of " American Journal of Science," states that he has dis covered footmarks of an animal resembling the cheiro therium, in the middle of the coal field in Unity town ship, five miles from Greensburg, in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. The markings occur on slabs of stone, a few inches thick, between which are thin partings of fine unctuous clay, where casts of the animal's feet in sand are loft. Thin cracks filled with sand also appear in the clay. These seem as if made after the animal had walked. Thus, these American flags present very similar appearances to Weston ones, before described.—Mr. E. W. Binney, in Vol 8 of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society's Memoirs. . . ;he rel Lon the the the,. ;;c 1 Feu ere 00. A LOG-HOUSE IN THE BACKWOODS.—The log-house consisted of two rooms separated from each other with huards so badly joined, that crevices were in many places observable. t ach room, from thirty to forty square yards ; beneath one of the rooms was a cellar ; the walls of the house consisted of layers of strong blocks of tim ber, roughly squared and notched into each other at the corners ; the joints filled with clay. The house had two doors, one of which was always closed in winter, and open in summer to cause a draught. The fire was on the floor at the end of the building, where a grotesque chim ney had been constructed of stones gathered out of the land, and walled together with clay mud instead of ce inent. The house was roofed with thin oak boards nailed upon each other, so as just to overreach. The floors of the house were covered with the same material, except a large piece near the fire, which was paved with small atones also gathered from the land. There was no win dow to the house. My hostess observed, " Upon the whole it was as well without, for in winter the house was warmer, and in summer they had always the door open, which was warmer than any window." It is quite common to see at least one bed in the same room as that in which the fire is kept. These was no chamber, only a sort of loft, constructed rather to make the house warmer .than for an additional room. Adjoining one side were a few boards nailed together in the form of a table, and supported principally by the timber in the wall. This was dignified by the name of the sideboard. In the centre of the room stood another small table, covered with a piece of coarse brown calico ; this was the dining-table. The chairs, four in number, were the most respectable furni ture in the house, having bark of hickory plaited for bot.. toms. Besides these there were two stools and a bench for common use ; a candlestick made of an ear of Indian corn, two or three trenchers, and a few tin drinking ves sels. O ne corner o f th e h ou se was occupied with agri cultural implements, consisting of large hoes, axes, &c. for stubbing, flails, and wooden forks, all exhibiting spe cimens of workmanship rather homely. Various herbs 'Were suspended from the roof, also two guns, one of them it rifle, several hams and sides of bacon smoked almost entirely black, two or three pieces of beef, &c. Under one of the beds were three or four large pots of honey, of Which Mrs. P. was not a little lavish, as she used it to `every meal along with coffee. The furniture in the other 'room consisted of two beds and a hand-loom, with which the family wove the greater part of their own clothes. In the cellar I observed two or three large hewn tubs, full of lard, and a lump of tobacco, the produce of their own land, in appearance sufficient to serve an ordinary smoker for his life.—The Yorkshire Farmer in Illinois. THE ECONOMIST AND THE FOREIGN EXCHANGES (From the Daily News.) Ihe editor of the Economist has at length produced the first of his promised series of articles on this branch of the currency question. We regret our inability to augur therefrom the addition of any material light cn the sub ject; but are compelled to anticipate an increase of that misapprehension and perplexity which are, unfortunately, so prevalent, perhaps through the dissemination of opi nions by writers more theoretically than practically qua lified for the discussion of such topics. That, by the last observation, we do no injustice to the writer of the article under notice, the following extracts from his last week's paper will, we hope, render suffi ciently apparent ; the first of which is as follows : " What we are so anxious to establish as the foundation of the discussions we have in view is, that rises and falls of prices rest upon a principle altogether independent of any system which has been or may be adopted for regulating the exchanges of a country, either foreign or domestic ; and that the same changes would take place in the relative values of different com modities in the rudest state of barter and in the most perfect and advanced modern system of exchanges." . Such, then, is the position contended for as the foun dation of the forthcoming discussion on the foreign ex changes in the pages of the Economist. Our first inquiry now must be, what is that " system which has been adopted for regulating the exchanges of this country, foreign and domestic," contemporary with " the fall of prices," which has recently annihilated per haps one-third of the entire capital, fixed and floating, of the country ? To this question, we presume, the reply of Sir-Robert Peel will be conclusive, at least to the editor of the Economist, namely, that the system now in operation is an immediate and mechanical contraction of the available domestic currency in proportion to the abstraction of the bank's stock of bullion under an adverse state of the foreign exchanges. The assertion of the writer before us, then, will amount, to this—that the fall of prices, coincident and propor tioned to the rise in the value of money under contraction of its available quantity, is analogous to what would occur under a system in which " the rudest state of barter " prevailed. The point of this allegation is, that it goes in the teeth of the prevailing public complaint that the present ruinous depreciation of property (apart from its ordinary partial incidental depreciation through the common variations of supply and demand) has arisen mainly from a simple but ---r: violent contraction of the previous available quantity of the circulating medium, and consequent arbitrary and op pressive enhancement of its value. And the absurdity of the allegation lies in the assumption that it is possible, under a fluctuating standard of value like our present one, that the prices of property should be liable to no other fluctuations than those to which, without any standard or measure of value at all, they would be liable under the " rudest system of barter This argument may be summarily and conclusively re solved by asking the writer in the Economist this ques tion—With the interest of money settled at four per cent., what price would you think it reasonable to give for pro perty, whether household, railway, or any other, which was as certain to yield an annual return of ten per cent. as money was certain to remain at four per cent ? Any tyro would answer " that the fair value of every £lOO. so invested in such property returning ten per cent. per an num, would be exactly £250." Again, supposing the property still to return with equal certainty ten per cent. per annum, but that the interest of money became settled at ten per cent. also, we ask the same writer, what price would you now think it fair or prudent to give for each £lOO of such property, though re turning still ten per cent. per annum ? The only answer, of course, is, that the true value of such property now would be exactly £lOO, instead of £250, for each £lOO in- vested therein. Here, then, is a fall of prices extending over the whole fixed property of the country unconnected with any chance whatever in the annual return or circumstances of the property. property. but occasioned solely by an arbitrary varia tion in the value of the standard. A piece of cloth mea sured by a yard of seventy-two inches could scarcely con tain so many yards as it would if measured by a yard of thirty-six inches. The quantity of cloth would truly be the same ; but the loss of capital would be just fifty per cent. to the seller by the long yard, who had bought by +ha Qhnt.f. nnP_ And a house or railway stock, for which LUC suui - b UM, .n.uu a uv .+.+.. • • - £250 was paid, because money was at four per cent., would entail a loss of £l5O upon the buyer, if he were afterwards compelled to sell at only £lOO, because money had risen in the interim to ten per cent. Now, under a state of barter, no fall of prices could ever occur except through some natural variation of supply and demand. If wheat, for instance, were a short crop, its value would rise; that is, it would exchange for propor tionately greater quantities of all other commodities. There would be no fall of prices of such other commodities entailing an_ equal loss of capital. There would sim . much fear, however, that the editor of t not comprehend this truism—that a rise in one commodity may occur, without involving, in the simple rise itself, any fall of value in other commodities, unless that one corn nildity, as is unfortunately now the case, be the measure or standard which determines the value of all others. Quite consistent, however, with the errors of this writer, is another allegation, " That the Bank of England has no power over the circulation of its notes"—has no power " to contract the circulation, so as to affect prices." It certainly would be no easy task for a logician to cope with an opponent, who, in a discussion on the prismatic colours, should, under the powerful rays of a meridian sun, assert as a first principle in the discussion that the sun does not shine at all. But what are the facts here denied by the editor of the Economist? First, by impli cation, that the Treasury letter of the 25th of October last was a nonentity, although issued by the government to enable the Bank of England to forbear the process, so fa tal to commercial credit and exchange, of contracting the circulating medium by taking up its notes through the sale of its securities, and by the refusal to issue notes in discount to replace those called in by the Bank on the ma turing and payment of commercial bills from its portfolio. Under this double process of contraction, (the act of 1844 preventing the re-issue of notes until its bullion returned,) was anything more natural than the attendant panic amongst other bankers, with the certainty staring them in the face that whatever emergency or necessity might arise, the process of contraction must go on to protect the convertibility of the notes ? Or, under the assurance that they would get no more notes, was it unreasonable that those bankers should hoard all the notes they could keep in their hands, thereby creating the greatest known scar city of such notes, even when the apparent circulation was what is called a full one ? Had the bank, then, "no power to contract the circu tion so as to affect prices ?" In other words, what was the rate of interest (the measure and standard of the value of all fixed property) before the contraction of the circulation was relaxed by the issue of the Treasury letter ? We give the reply in the words of the Econo mist : " Twelve per cent. was charged by the bank for loans on the security of Consols and Exchequer Bills, and the discount on bills ranged from ten to twelve per cent. If such, then, was the frightful rise of interest, how was it possible for the country to escape the depreciation of property necessarily attendant upon the simple fluc tuation of its standard ? We entreat the writer of the article under consideration simply to ask himself what he would give for property yielding ten per cent. per annum, with interest easy at four cent., and what he would give for the same property with interest difficult even at twelve per cent ? There can be no doubt that his own estimate would be precisely similar to that of the public, under which all property has fallen in so appalling a degree. The result of this depreciation is a proportionate loss of capital to every one holding such property ; and what will yet be the consequence to the country of this state of things remains still to be seen. But this is not the only effect. The difficulty of obtaining money for long periods during the contraction of the available quantity of currency, and the subsequent alarm of the owners of money at parting with it for long periods, have arrested the usual progress of buildings, the railway works, and those outlays of capital which afford employment to artisans and labourers on a far wider scale than would result to the manufacturing operatives from any ordinary improvement of the foreign trade, a branch of domestic industry to which, though even more important than the foreign trade, the Economist seems to attach no impor tance whatever, although it is matter of indisputable fact that when the creation and improvement of fixed pro perty i s the most active, the demand for all commodities of produce and manufactures is necessarily the greatest, in consequence of the increased employment and income of the population. On the causes of the commercial and general distress, we perhaps cannot do better than commend to the writer in the Economist an unprejudiced perusal of a really prac tical and intelligent work on the subject, lately published by Longman and Co., entitled "The National Distress; its Financial Origin and Remedy ;" where, if we mistake not, among other corrections of fatal economical errors, will be found a complete refutation of that writer's impo sing theory of capital, in a section devoted to the consi deration of " The Transfer of Floating Capital to Fixed Capital." Among the addresses presented upon the accession of James I. was one from the ancient town of Shrewsbury, wishing his Majesty may live as long as the sun, moon, and stars, endured. " Faith, man" said the King to the person who presented it, " if I do, my son mast reign by candle light." A BOTTLE ANECDOTE. — The editor of the Dublin World, relating some incidents of his passage to Liver pool recently, tells the following anecdote apropos to the destruction of the Ocean Monarch :—" An intelligent old naval officer told a curious anecdote of a bottle, to the veracity of which he pledged his honour. Col. M`G—, who holds a most onerous office at the head of an essen tially important public department in Ireland, was, in his youth, one of a few despairing passengers on board a ship that was burning in the Bay of Biscay. The colonel, with the coolness and presence of mind that has never deserted him, prior to plunging into the waves and secu ring there an escape from the most horrible fate that awaited him in the blazing vessel, wrote, with a pencil, a brief note addressed to his father, indicating the latitude, the date, the calamity, and the utter hopelessness of him self and companions. This doleful missive had scarcely been put in a bottle and consigned to the deep, when a sail was observed bearing down upon the doomed vessel. The colonel, with the others, was saved. Three years afterwards he visited the Island of Barbados. One day his negro servant, when swimming, espied an object, as black as himself, at a little distance. Mungo secured the prize, a bottle, and carried it home in triumph to his master, who uncorked it, and found there his own letter, which he had written under the appalling circumstances mentioned. The bottle had boxed every point in the compass, and travelled some thousand miles from the spot where it was launched. Cast thy bread upon the water,' said the old sea-captain, finishing his story, and applying himself to some pale French brandy, and tl&u shalt find it after many days.' " THE LIVERPOOL 3 TANDARD. CORRESPONDENCE THE IRISH CLERGY AND THEIR:A2SA/LANTS, TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SlR,—Permit one who has regarded with sorrow the denunciations that have issued from the editors and cor respondents of• a portion of the Liverpool press,.against the Irish clergy.; during the last week, to interpose a word in their behalf. _ _ I may as well state, in limine, that I am no way con nected with Liverpool, and that to many of the Liverpool clergy lam personally unknown. I have had no part in the proceedings of the meeting which gave rise to the un fortunate controversy now pending : nor do I belong to any party in the Church : _ Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri. I may, therefore, claim a hearing as an impartial observer. It is not my purpose to prove the Irish clergy faultless, of Dr. MThsTeile . in partictilar infallible. But May I not,.on their behalf, repudiate the aspersions with which they have been so unsparingly assailed during the last week; and, as it appears to me from the evidence I have been able to gather in reference to the Jewish meeting, most unfairly ? Ido not enter into the question whether Mr. Ewbank had or had not a right to disturb the proceedings of the meeting, or whether Dr. M'Neile was right in re sisting his attempt to disturb it. Be that as it may, is it fair, is it just, to brand the whole body of Irish clergy in England with epithets scarcely fit to be applied to the vilest characters ?• It appears to me that the attempt to loosen the bonds between the ministers of the united Church is worthy of the gravest censure. Upon their cordial union and co- operation the highest interests depend. And if, instead of uniting, as hitherto, in every good work, an ecclesiasti cal arena is to be set up in Liverpool, upon which the English-born and Irish-born clergy are encouraged to ex hibit as pugilists, what, I ask, is to become of true religion in the place ? But what is the remedy against such a melancholy con tingency ? " Send the Irish home—banish them from our shores—lreland for the Irish." .No one can gravely entertain so insane a proposition. What then The Irish-born clergy must remain—nay more, our people would not part with them ; they are popular—their churches are crowded, and that by English men and Eng lish women. Would it not be more in accordance with common sense and a Christian spirit to practise forbear ance—to put a kind and charitable construction on acts which may well adroit of it, and thus " to keep tl e unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace" ? But is it just, in point of evidence and fact, to describe the Irish clergy as hungry colonists invading our shores and taking from their English brethren the bread which oueht to belong to them ?—for thus it is often stated. If ut %vita one especially who gave them every encouraiement to enter his diocese : it is scarcely necessary to add that I allude to the present venerated Archbishop of Canterbury. Was it because he found the Irish clergy to be such as they have been lately described that he received them in such num bers into his diocese ? Was it not rather because he found them full of zeal and energy, and ready to carry out their mission in places offering few attractions to men of more sober views perhaps. but of less zeal? The good Arch bishop has pronounced, in the most emphatic way, his approval of the Irish clergy ; some of the Liverpool jour ..l. h.pked by a section of the nublic, denounce them. blame rest rish clergy !ompet ent with A the Irish c what is the And with reference to the charge interfere with " the loaves and fishe At this moment, if my information-be correct, Witt two exceptions there is not an Irish clergyman holding a living in this diocese whose income does not more or less depend on the voluntary principle ! In other words, th Irish clergy do receive payment for their services, bu payment voluntarily awarded them by purely English con gregations. Their churches are well attended ; but the worshippers assemble from this side the Channel. I con fess, therefore, I cannot comprehend the oft-alleged grievance, that the Irish clergy are found to occupy some English churches. English churches they do occupy, and in considerable numbers; English livings, well endowed, and independent of the voluntary principle, they do not occupy. In Ireland the case is just reversed ; for from the archbishop down to the vicar, Irish preferments ac knowledge English possessors ; whilst, with a rec not Irish in this case, the Irish clergy have ph not pensions, in England : these places the gift English patrons. Whence, then, the ground of t reiterated grievance ? It 'is said again that the Irish clergy are. po. fond of strife. I confess my own experience had 16 years experience in the ministry) leads ILL,. _ hat English spirits are as accessible to exciting causes as the Irish One - anly speak of what hn. - , nucal and ind I have are Jn. can der personal observation ; and I must say known Irish clergymen as mild and patient, to the full, those whose more favoured birth has made them English, That there are exceptions, and many of them, is doubt less true. But surely the circumstances of an Irish cler gyman's education, and its necessary associations, ought to be taken into account before a wholesale and sweeping condemnation is pronounced against him. Would Eng- lisiimen under the same circumstances exhibit greater possessing these opposite qualities. Let English calmness and prudence be brought to temper the less-disciplined zeal of the Irish character; let the zeal of the Irish bro ther stimulate the sometimes too-calculating temper of the English; and the union will exhibit true harmony, which, as in music, consists in the I remain, Sir,'you"r obedient servant, A LANCASHIRE INCUMBENT. P.S.—T should have appended my name to the above, if, by so doing, I could hope to give any weight to what it contains. I enclose it for your private information. [We wish our reverend correspondent had allowed us to attach his name to this letter, as it would have added no ordinary weight to the arguments which he has used with such wise discrimination.] iscords SUPPLY OF WATER TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, SIR,—If you should deem the following remarks worthy of a place in your next journal, on the important subject of the best means of supplying my native town plentifully with water, I shall be glad if you insert them. It is not my intention to write as a partisan, or to bias the judgment of the inhabitants as to the propriety or non-propriety of the proposed supply from Rivington Pike, or to question the policy or otherwise of receiving or rejecting candidates without regard to the measure of their personal qualifications, decidd by their opinions on this question alone ; but merely to record my opinions as to what appears to me to be the imperative duty of the authorities, namely, to ascertain what the people of Liver pool have immediately under their feet. While the geological formations have been proved in almost all parts of the country, to depths which give sa tisfactory evidences that it is unnecessary to proceed lower, a district lying between the Yorkshire hills in the north east and the Welsh mountains on the south-west, has been only to a certain degree partially examined. Having had occasion to study the subject in Gloucester shire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, and Derbyshire, I have found that by following the indications pointed out by na ture herself the results have usually followed which the scientific enquirer had reason to expect ; and in those fields of scientific observation an almost perfect map of each district has been' made, and only by some of those violent irruptions which attend all recent formations will any party be disappointed in particular spots. I therefore submit that, following the directions of na ture, we see first on the north-east of Liverpool the great coal-field of Lancashire, in the neighbourhood of Wigan, and a higher strata nearer to the town at St. Helen's, and as close as the Old Swan. In the south-west we see the coal strata breaking out at Neston in Cheshire, and be yond that again in Flintshire, until not only the coals but every other formation breaking out are closed, as it were, by the primitive rocks of which the Welsh mountains consist. As another and later evidence of nature's work, if the neighbourhood of Leasowe Castle is visited, we see the remains of a great forest descending down beyond low water mark, in the direction of the north-east; and at a corresponding point at Formby we see apparently the same forest rising as it were out of the water, pointing out the fact that at some former period the whole was united, while the intermediate space is now covered by vast sand banks, which may ultimately become the sand-stone rock like that on which Liverpool rests. How necessary does it appear then that the formation under the town should be fully and completely ascer tained It appears that the lowest depths the water companies have reached has been six hundred feet, a depth not one-half of that which M. Arago had to reach before he obtained the supply of water his scientific knowledge sa tisfied him was to be found • therefore not 'to be consi dered at all satisfactory as determining a question of so much moment to the whole of the people of Liverpool. It is my conviction that if a sum of money of trifling amount compared with the object, was set apart to prove the strata which exists under the town, not only would a vast supply of water be obtained, but the coal-fields in these lowest depths would be discovered, so that Liver pool would have available at the lowest price, both for do mestic and manufacturing purposes, an inex haustible sup ply of that necessary material. This alone would repay, ten thousand times over, all the expense, and do more for the prosperity of the town than any other thing, let the kind be what it would. But as the want of water is great, and the town increasing year by year, and men of science have determined that the Rivington Pike is the place from whence to obtain it, the inhabitants must not be too soon frightened at the large cost, provided indeed no bet ter means can be found ; for at what expense is Lisbon supplied with water, a place far inferior in importance to Liverpool ? Why at a cost of upwards of 2millions sterling. One aqueduct alone had to be extended no less than 21 miles in length to compass the object ; therefore for so important a necessity an enormous outlay becomes justifiable. I think I have written enough to gain attention to my suggestions, and if only the authorities would apply the Artesian principle near to the town itself, by calling in competent parties to execute the work, it is not possible to extenuate the benefit that would arise from it. The depths now reached are far within the requirements of a trial. Only a short time ago I had occasion to survey a colliery in Derbyshire, 275 yards deep, out of two pits of which 300 tons of coal per day are raised, and this is no thing to those near to Newcastle ; therefore, it is not un reasonable, nor unusual in the present advance of science, to go far deeper than has been done in Liverpool, to draw from the earth its hidden riches with safety and success.-- I am, yours respectfully, THOS. MURRAY GLADSTONE, Associate Institute Civil Engineers. 3, Sidmouth-street, London, 27th Oct., 1848. REV. W. W. EWBANK AND DR. M•NEILE TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL COURIER. DEAR SIR.—In the Liverpool Standard of this morn ing, I have observed and read- several documents referring to the disgraceful scene which took place at the late meet ing of the Jews' Society, in the Collegiate Institution. It is clearly my duty to notice them, and I will do so briefly and in order, requesting your kind insertion of my re marks in your next paper.* Firstly.—Dr. M`Neile, the chairman, has written a let ter on the subject to the secretaries of the Liverpool Auxiliary. This letter I notice first, and I shall be sur prised if the following plain additional statements are not considered by all who have fairly and calmly read both sides of the question to be a full and sufficient answer. I.—Dr. M`Neile thinks that I ought to have expressed my sentiments in committee previously to my attempting to move an amendment. I was not summoned to that committee.. I did not know when it was held. The se cretary, who has had the charge of sending out the notices, has acknowledged in committee that I was not summoned. Under these circumstances I have done all that I could do. I have frequently spoken most strongly on the subject to both the secretaries; and I wrote on the same subject to Mr. Boutflower, one of the secretaries, at least a fortnight before the late meeting, No notice was taken of that letter. It was not laid before the com mittee, either in form or in substance ; and I am informe , ' that it was only at the committee meeting, THE WEST RIDING ELECTION, Mr. William Rand, of Bradford,—a gentleman who is far mor. ' , bled by his charitable disposition and integ rity in the relations of life, than by his undoubted wealth, beg addressed an able letter to the editor of the Yorkshiret.?,n, in which he propounds the question which he adopts as title— "WHAT SORT OF MAN DO WE WANT AT THIS PAR TICULAR JUNCTURE? AND WHAT OUGHT TO BE REGARDED AS THE 'QUESTION OF THE DAY?" After adverting to the retirement of their valued mem ber, Lord Morpeth, from the representation of the West Riding, in consequence of the demise of his noble father, at a period when the country is in so deplorable a state of commercial, manufacturing, and general depression and distress, he states that every thing is now sacrificed to cheapness, and proceeds : " Whether this tendency to the lowest possible price,' which seems now to be a settled order of things, leaving no margin for profit at all, is in any degree traceable to the operation of 'lle Bill of 1844,' as it is termed, is a matter on which dif ferent opinions will be entertained ; but I am of opinion with Hume, Herries, Wilson, and Brown, and other members of parliament, that it has exercised a most fearful and deleterious influence on prices, and, consequently, on the general prospe rity of the country, and that a great modification of this mea sure is necessary, if we are to indulge a confident hope of re turning prosperity and better times ; in fact England has set up a god called cheapness,' and everything in the shape of industry is to be sacrificed to it. Consumers, it seems, must buy cheep; no matter by what means that cheapness is at tained. It is considered by the political economists an unn.ixed good; but it is a great and serious delusion. Real prosperity consists in all being employed, and selling the products of in dustry for more than they cost. Let, then, this question be made a prominent matter in the coming election, and most sincerely do I hope that no rigid upholder of this Act, calcula- ted only to advaiee the interests af mere wealth at the expense of industry, will be permitted to represent the West-Riding of Yorkshire. No one (he continues) can deny that (whatever be the effect of " Peel's Bill,") we are surrounded by social evils of a most serious and extensive character, and that it is a question of the highest moment how these evils are to be removed or alleviated. " Chartism" had again arisen, in London and ae manufacturing d istricts. undoubtedly had its origin in a deep and long endured distress, of which designing demagogues had taken ad vantage for selfish ends. The want of employment for the people, too, in the rural provinces had swelled the stream of immigration into the large towns, requiring an amount of poor-rates for their relief which was absolutely ruinous. There was but one remedy, and that was employment, but whether that could be procured in this country or not was a matter of opinion,—though our legislature should be so shaped as not to throw impedi ments in the way. If the report; of the agricultural societies be correct, agriculture presents a field in which to employ every idle labourer in the country. They all express an opinion that the land of this country, under proper cultivation, would yield much more food than at present, —some stating that it might be doubled. If so, why is it not resorted to ? After referring to the wretchedness of the manufacturing and other classes of labourers, from short hours, &c., he adds,—" Nothing will reach and remedy this evil but employment, and agriculture seems the only field which affords the necessary scope for it." After stating that the peasantry are rather decreasing in number, being driven into the towns, he says,— _. • "WE MUST HAVE AN EQUAL NATIONAL Pooit RATE. It must not be put in the power of any man, much less ought the temptation to be held out to him, to free himself from these charges on poverty by pursuing aponcy or extermination, ror it deserves no other name. A national poor rate may have its difficulties—all plans have difficulties; but the maintenance of the poor is a national and not a local duty, and the difficulties must be met and surmounted. The present system in fact offers a bounty to the man who drives a fellow-being from his home and his hearth, and imposes a burden on the place that shelters him. Had we a national poor rate we should find cot tages building in the agricultural parts of the people would be more uniformly spread over the country ; the peasantry would live near thefields they cultivate, and the result would be a largely increased production, an increased home trade, and a much more satisfactory state of feeling among the working-classes." He concludes as follows : "The want of such a measure as an equal national poor rate lies at the very root of our greatest social evils. Let the elec tors of the West Riding, especially those in the large towns, reflect that their poor rates (in addition to large and continu ally repeated subscriptions) are in many instances ten times more in the pound than the average rates in the agricultural parts of the kingdom, and that they will continue to increase if the present system of local rating is persevered in ; let them reflect that while since 1811 the entire population of England and Wales increased six millions; that the population employed in agriculture has considerably diminished si" that period and then let them ponder upon the fact. 0 'and ..,,„, —la the . .of this . ~.. country is capable under just cultivation of a vastly increased production, and they cannot fail to perceive where the true remedy to improve the condition of our labouring classes—the most important Question of the day—is to be found.,, ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE -CIRQUE NATIONAL DE PARIS We stated last week, that Mons. Dejean, the respected director of the Cirque de Paris, had received three wounds while fighting against the insurgents at Paris in June last. He received two musket balls in his thigh and one in his groin. el 'O% 5.% /111 V% 44“, We now have the pleasure to further very attr pany being again called to receive the enthusiastic ap plause of the audience. Little Annato commenced by her daring riding on her fiery little horse, and delighted the juvenile portion of the audience. Mdlle. Paul and Mdlle. A. Berg are new female artistes, who have made their first appearance in Liverpool. The former went through some very pleasing and daring manoevres in the elegantly dres sed costume of the " Andalusian." The latter is a very surprising young child, and rides with a fearlessness and vigour, which is very remarkable for her age—she was loudly cheered. M. Newsome personated his clever per formance of " England, Scotland, and lreland"—it is a very perfect performance, and being highly national, is very popular, and he receives thunders of applause. Messieurs Loisset, Neif, and Young Loisset, electrified the audience by that grand equestrian act the " Human Pyramid." The Messrs. Siegrist displayed uncommon dexterity in a new act, entitled the " Four Globes." Lit tle Marie Annato is an exquisite little dancer, she has not a stage of thirty feet square; but dances upon the saddle of the horse, in an exquisitely fine style. As she advances in years she will take a high rank in her profession. Melle. Hadwiger displayed her daring and amazon-like feats upon the bare backed steed. On Wednesday a change took place in the performances. Mdlle. Ducos was announced to appear, but on account of the indisposition of her horse, her place was supplied by Mdlle. Palmira Annato, who went through her elegant pas and surprising gazelle-like bounds over scarfs and through hoops, with that high finish and perfection which belongs to her alone, and is only to be equalled by the first operatic dancers. Mdlle. Emmeline Lambert has appeared in the classical and truly graceful " Scarf Act" ; and the stately and dignified Mdlle. Caroline Loyo has exhibited on the magnificent steed " Busse," with the superb costume of black, crimson, and gold, forming a fine contrast to the colour of the horse. Oppose to all this mass of elegance and beauty the extraordinary perso nification of " Jocko," the ape, by Mons. Montero, and we hianvs. Fre have thefanbcloeni th of Be e ty highly_respectedndthe Beast m realised. astero i‘of the equestrian art, was heartily welcomed, on his exhibition of the sagacious and beautiful ste e d s un d er hi s care. Those higly-trained horses " Sultan" and " Gavotte" have appeared during the week. _ _ Aurfo - 1 has repeated a variety of his feats and comic acts of horsemanship, while L'Eclair keeps all stirring by his vivacity of manner, surprising agility, and activity upon the stilts. While these various acts are going forward and captivat ing the eyes, the ear is charmed by the most fascinating airs from the orchestra, by a variety of the most pleasing polkas, quadrilles, &c., under the able conductorship of Mon. Hemet, who, it will be remembered, was so highly esteemed last season by his English brother musicians, who testified their admiration of his skill by presenting him with a silver baton. Loss OF AN EMIGRANT SHIP.—On Wednesday, the desertion of an emigrant ship while in a sinking condition, with no less than 115 passengers on board, was reported at Lloyds. The following particulars are confirmed by communications from Mr. Bu c hanan, the chi e f agen t o f emigration at Quebec, who took the deposition of the passengers. The vessel in question was the schooner Ann, 200 tons burthen, Archibald M'Fie, master, belong ing no Limerick, bound to Quebec with 124 emigrants, men, women, and children. She arrived in the Gulfof St. Lawrence on the 26th of September, and was beating up, the wind blowing very heavy, when she came in collision with another vessel. She was rendered a perfect wreck, her mast and rigging being carried away. and her bows stove in. All the passengers at the time were below a - deep, but the violent concussion threw them out of their berths, and a scene of the utmost dismay prevailed. The crew, at the direction of the master, immediately fastened down the hatches, so as to prevent the poor terrified creatures escaping on to the deck, and then, with the captain, jumped on board the vessel with which they had been in contact. The vessel was then being got clear of the Ann, which, incredible as it may appear, had been abandoned with her living freight below decks. Nine of the passengers, however, just before the vessels parted, managed, by breaking through the partition between the steerage and forecastle, to gain the deck, and followed the captain and crew on to the other vessel. This turned out to be the Hampton, of Grangemouth, a coaster. She had sustained considerable damage to her rigging, her bow sprit being carried away. Apparently no injury had been caused to her hull, yet not the least effort was made to rescue the unfortunate emigrants. The Hampton, it is reported, left the wreck of the Ann, and was so on l ost sight of. The terrified emigrants eventually burst open the hatches, and on getting on deck discovered the deplor able condition they were in. The boats were destroyed, and every sea made a breach over her. After som e diffi culty, they contrived to hoist a light on the stump en d o f the mast as a signal of distress, which, in the course of the following morning was seen by the Princess Royal, of Liverpool. The master, Mr. Druguid, took all the emi grants off, with the assistance of the brig Hibernia, Work ington Cootear, master, which brought about 25 out of 102, her boats being very small for the sea that was run ning. If it had not been for the assistance of the brig, some of the men would have been left behind. The pas sengers saved nothing, but what they had on their b ac k s. S u b s equent accounts mention the arrival, at Quebec, of the nine passengers who got on deck, and escaped o n board the Hampton. that vessel having shipped them on board the William Stewart, of Portsmouth, but, strange to say, of the master and crew of the Ann, no tidings have been heard.. The nine passengers state that they l e f t them on board. The Ann, we are informed, has b een seen on shore, on the south side of the island of Anticosti, a perfect wreck. —Daily News. At Worcester sessions, last week, a respectable married woman was sentenced to seven years' transportation, for stealing an umbrella. held after the Meeting in the Coll this my letter was called for by one of tl ate Institution, that embers pre- , sent, and then read by the secretary. I must also state that my letter to Mr. Boutflower was written in answer to one from himself, in which he alluded to the "annoy ance" which I had experienced at former meetings. I leave this fact to speak for itself. I have no copy of my letter, for I thought I was writing to friends ; but the secretaries can, of course, publish it if they think it right to do so. 2.—1 feel bound to recal to Dr. Sl'Neile's memory, that at a previous meeting of the Jew's society, in the Amphiteatre, (the Chancellor of the Diocese being in the chair,) he (Dr. M'Neile) made, in my present most pugnacious speech in favour of his own peculiar views. In the course of it he gave a public challenge to all gainsayers. " I have spoken," said he : " let them Chancellor, that I was quite willing, though unprepared, there and then to accept the challenge, It was thought better that a renhr shnuid not then he made and I willingly acquiesced, on the understanding, that at the more private breakfast, on the ensuing morning, I should have an opportunity of stating my sentiments. Ac cordingly, after breakfast, I rose, and requested leave from the Chancellor, who occupied the chair, to say something in answer to the challenge. The Chancellor requested me not to speak on the subject. I certainly was disappointed; but I bowed to the Christian gentle ness of the Chancellor's request, stating, at the same time, that I should feel bound on some future oppo tunity, to state my sentiments publicly. Dr. 111`Neil will remember that he, the challenger, sat next to th Chancellor, when all this took place. I recal t' to his recollection ; and I think that it, he will feel sorry for some of t when he rememb I leave it to the public to decide, whether Dr, WisTeile could have been ignorant of my wishes upon the subject, notwithstanding his ignorance of my late letter to the secretary letter which can be deemed more than a mere contradi tion of my assertion of it. It appears to me thing, that a committee of any society Am their power not only to propose themselves f at a public meeting, but also, by their appointment of a chairman, who is ready to put down any subscribing 's -ewer of an amendment, to secure that re-election, whe- thcr the subscribers wish it or no. Common sense is against it, and I have not yet heard my right even ques tioned by any one, except Dr. M'Neile. 4.—My idea of the duty of a chairman is the following : He is placed iu the chair to pronounce on points of order. If a speaker give utterance to any observations which have no reference to the proper subject of the meeting, ( just Dr. M'Neile himself did at this very meeting, by intz ducing his irrelevant dispute with the editor of t Mail.) the chairman has a right to make him speak ( derly to the subject in hand. My amendment ( I in my first letter) was strictly in consonance with t ject of the evening's proceedings : I Unless it can be aov'ed that the chairs out of order land I beg it to 'be observed, that, in the correct report in the Standard to-day, the chairman - . never gave to the meeting any reason to prove that I was that, in the face of such palpable injustice, my attempt to obtain a fair hearing wasjudicious. I now dismiss Dr. M'Neile's letter, and proceed to comment very shortly on the resolutions with which it stands connected. Secondly, I.—l have to complain that the notices by which that committee meeting was summoned, although it was intended by certain members of it to move a series of resolutions condemnatory of my conduct, and laudatory of Dr. M`Neile's, did not contain, as they ought to have 2.—Of the seventeen, who constituted the majority, I understand that the secretary, on being asked the ques tion, could only state, that twelve were members of the society. It ought to be known that a minority of seven •esisted the Passing the rezolutions, bec they ilia not touch the real point at issue. With respect to the resolutions themselves I observe, that they " pronounce no opinion on my right to address the meeting ; but this is a capital point in the argument, and ought not, in such resolutions, to have been unpro nounced on. Dr. M`Neile never, in my hearing, nor according to the correct report of the Standard, either said that I was out of order, or gave any reason to show that I wa. , , out of I did not intend to " discuss theological subjects" at the meeting. I simply wished (and all this was stated beforehand) to state our reasons for supporting the Jews' Society. I wish the committee had stated the name of the anti- Millennarian clergyman who was asked to speak on Mon day evening, and whether he was asked in order that he might give an anti-Millennarian statement; and, also, whether it was known, when he was asked, that he did not believe in the restoration of the Jews to Palestine. These are important questions. I am thankful for the kind expressions which occur in the resolutions. Having met with so much unkindness from those with whom I wished most courteously to dis agree, every little word of charity is pleasing. But men must be judged by their acts, and not by their expressions. I asked for justice, and could not get even that, Thirdly—With reference to some observations by the editor of the Standard, I think he has quite failed to prove that the account in his paper was any thing but what I stated it to be, "an untrue one." Had he wished to suppress all notice of the scene, he should, at all events, have omitted my name. The introduction of my name forced me to write in explanation. I make no observation on the unkindness of his remarks, because it is not argumentative. Fourthly—l observe a letter written by Mr. Griffith, the reporter, on the same painful subject. I feel it right to state that I never intended to charge him with inten tional untruth, nor did Ido so. But the report, as it ap peared, was certainly, as any one can see, incorrect in the extreme, and, therefore, I was obliged, in simple justice to my friends and myself, to explain. if I have hurt Mr. Griffith's feelings, I am very sorry for it ; and I hope that he will be sorry for having sarcastically remarked on the paleness of my face, which, I can assure him, did not pro ceed from passion, but from ill health, from which I have suffered for some months. May he always preserve the roseate blush of the most perfect healthiness ! Before I conclude, I must state that a report, which has been rather industriously circulated, that I was on bad terms with Dr. M`Neile before this affair, is utterly untrue. —I am, dear sir, your's faithfully, WM. WITHERS EWB..A.NK Everton, 24th October, 1848. * The documents referred to we published last week. THE REV T. NOLAN'S EXPLANATION TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL MAIL Six,—l am at length compelled, by a strong sense of duty, most reluctantly to notice the Rev. Mr. wbank's letters to the Editor of the Liverpool Courier. Charges have been advanced in them, directly implicating my fidelity to my trust as Senior Secretary to the Liverpool Auxiliary to the Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews. Upon Mr. Ewbank's version of the case, public opinion has been founded hitherto. In common fairness then to the committee, to the chairman, and to the secretaries, I must beg a space in your columns, while I trespass on the patience of the public with a few needful explanatory observations. Mr. Ewbauk's charges, interspersed through both his letters, are Ist, As against the committee, of unfairness in their arrangements for the anniversary meetings, whereby ex clusive prominence is intentionally given to a certain class of prophetical views. 2dly, As against the secretaries, for neglecting to sum mon him to the meeting at which the report was adopted, and the arrangements concluded for the last annual meeting ; and also for not specifying the object of the last committee meeting on the 20th instant, and 3dly, As against the chairman for discourtesy i n re f us i ng him an opportunity of addressing the meeting. I will endeavour to be as brief as is compatible with a clear statement on each of these heads ; and, first, as to the alleged intentional one-sidedness of the arrangements. In selecting our deputation, invitations are forwarded to those who are most likely to accept them, being at the same time deemed most competent to interest our friends in behalf of Israel. By th ese t wo pr i nc iples only, and without the slightest reference to any peculiarity in their religious sentiments, have the committee been guided in providing deputations from a distance, and speakers from amongst the local clergy. In making choice from amongst the latter body, the committee have always desired to avoid what must have been very offensive, but, notwith standing, is inseparable from Mr. Ewbank's plan, viz., a catechetical investigation of the opinions of each clergyman, previously to determining the side he was to occupy at each recurring anniversar:4 Looking over the reports for the last few years, I find the names of the late lamented Dr. Tattershall, Reverends John Jones, W. W. Ewbank,'J. Cordeaux, amongst those who moved or seconded resolutions ; and with reference to the late meeting, acting on the same principle, the first . invi tation was to the Rev. Mr. Rawson ; upon his declining, we applied next to the Rev. Dr. Carpenter, not as Mr. Ewbank asks, because his views on prophecy were sup posed to be of a certain caste, but for the reasons already mentioned ; and when he also failed us, we fell back on the Rev. Frederick Parry, whose appreciated and charac teristic kindness, invariably causes him to postpone every personal consideration to the wishes or convenience of others. So much for the alleged unfairness of our anni versary arrangements. Secondly,- - -We, the secretaries, are charged by Mr. Ewbank with having neglected to summon him to the committee meetings, Sc:3. The agent who issues the notices for such meetings has the list before him of all the members lay and clerical, and his duty is to summon all, without exception, upon each occasion. I have never heard a complaint from any quarter of his having omitted to do so, with the single exception of the last committee meeting held on the 13th instant end so the tree_ Our agent had suddenly left tis surer undertook kindly to write and iss the notices himself, and it is not much to be wondered at, if under the circumstances he was not very careful to those who had not been very careful to attend wl mooed ; and Mr. Ewbank's name do TIMOII ,ear as hav- attended any Jews' committee meeti But I r ,tain that it was q [to corny since January tent to Mr. Ew- s with a to my col- view to on” 1 pproaching anniversary, eith or to myself, when they should have met with the utmost deference. He had time eno the fortnight to which he alludes. that it was Mr, Ewbank's duty to have don And I dd further, ), meditat ing so grave by forcing a step as the interruption of a pu n to the chair. to have communicated his wishes or f ;elf upon it, even in oppo ie might have done so even at the eleventh hour, when. d- the deputation, clergy and committ room of the Collegiate Institution posal from him should have met with due con But he preferred another course, and passed way to the platform, the very door of the room, v he knew, it was customary for the clergy and committee always to meet for conference and prayer, before cora- y of our gre Lt anniversaries. Mr. Ewbank alludes to the Jews' meeting of 1846, at which the chancellor presided, and where he attempted a similar interruption, but which, happily, he did not press to the extreme issue of that on the 16th. Does he forget that he took up the challenge that, he says, was thrown down ? Does he forget that an opportunity was very speedily offered him, and of which, very properly, he availed himself, of stating his own views, before the only ter a tong interval, inent in 1847, the sub Id reconsidered in the face of an t his absence on the cont resumed had been issued, containing an outline of Mr. Ewbank's views; the question was fully, fairly and calmly considered, in proper form, manner, place, and time, and yet from that discussion he still insists on an appeal to a public meeting assembled for a very different purpose. In this connexion it is not too much to ask of Mr bank to name some one of the many eminent Ch man whom he alleges to have " left the society in at the manner in - which the operations are conducted especially w►tn reference to those very view though strongly objected to by Mr. Ew to Scriptural Christianity," are yet mos by many, towards whom, I am sure, he cheris ments of unfeigned respect—such as the Re Bickersteth, J. H. Stewart, and many others. as opposed ily believed Again, as to the omission, from the notice of the late meeting, of the specific object to be brought before it. I consulted some persons acquainted with the forms observed in such matters, and was advised, that as Mr. Ewbank's letter was not addressed to any member or officer of the ting, ind then direct attention to tl For which they were assembled. This ial pleading, which, I own, I di 'ge e how ot expect ever, is a spec from Mr. Ew The committee was the largest I eye saw assembled ; including the deservedly influential lay to as belonging to the minority, who had been. at two previous meetings of committe , and Oct. 7, 1844, during the five ye y filling the office of secretary. The 7 technical; the committee was most tion is mere ously attended, and I venture to affirm the subject was anticipated by every one who did attend. About the majority of that committee übsequently, and in different company, whether they were 11 bona fide members, I replied that, without reference to he names and treasurer's books, I could not give an lnswer : but wrote down the names of twelve, the only ones that occurred to me, and said that thes len. This is not what Mr. Ewbank reps were mem -sents me to id. He should remember lied in the same balance. y may ng the matter at issue between ,d Mr. Ewbink—it belongs not to me to enter this question further than by stating some facts that rto have not been laid before the public ; but which, case. 0 n Nl`Neile's rising to address the meeting, ,ked to see the resolutions. I handed him programme of the proceedings, prepared for the gui re of the chairman, On his returning it, he, for the unless called upon to support a resolution. He took no exception against any of the resolutions, and I assured him that the report had been drawn up so as not to offend his peculiarities ; observing also, that when the chairman sat down I would communicate with him as to the expe diency of his (Mr. Ewbank's) addressing the meeting, chairman's non-compliance, not to persevere in a course which must only disturb the proceedings, and defeat the objects of the meeting. 'When Dr. M'Neile sat down, I was immediately called on to read the report ; but another clergyman, who had heard what passed betweenMr.Ewbank and me, informed Dr. M'Neile of it. He consulted one or two of those around him, who concurred with him as to the inexpediency of allowing Mr. Ewbank to speak. This, his intention, Dr. M`Neile communicated to Mr. Ew bank privately, while I was yet reading the report, but without any effect. When I found how matters were I renewed my suit with Mr. Ewbank, entreating of him in the most urgent terms not to persevere, aed notwithstand ing anything that may have since occurred, I cherish a very seOtised remembrance of the tone and terms to my self, in which he communicated his unaltered determina tion. I wrote to him afterwards, across the platform, as did also another clergyman; more than one remonstrated with him on the course he was about to pursue, in defi ance of the expressed wish of the chairman. I maintain, that it was impossible that any member of committee could have been treated, with more deferential remon strance, with more 'affectionate, I had almost said submis sive, entreaty, than was Mr. Ewbank, during the whole time occupied by the mover and seconder of the first re solution. He had no objection to make either against the report, or the resolutions, but merely wished to open up a subject there again, that had patiently been considered before. The rest is too well known already. I submit that all this is necessary to the forming a right judgment upon the real merits of the entire case. In Mr. Ewbank's statement, there is not the slightest hint of any thing of this kind. Compare this with Mr. Ewbank's brief version of the entire :—" The Secretary told me he would consult the chairman. The chairman's reply was that if I attempted to speak he would put me down." A word more on a very unimportant subject, I mean my self. Three individuals of higher ecclesiastical and civil rank than Dr. MiNeile, had been requested to preside at our meeting; failing these, he undertook, at our request, the post of, as it has turned out, unenviable distinction. As the person who asked him to take the chair, it did not appear to me that I was out of my place in offering to him the thanks of the meeting for having done so. And con sidering the entire of the proceedings up to the happy close of the meeting, I did think the terms "firm for bearance" not inapplicable to the course he pursued throughout it. For this I have been dragged from the obscurity of my work and position, and held up, along with the rest of the " Irish Clergy," in papers other than the MAIL, in terms that Ido not care to repeat. But there is one charge, that of engendering strife, &c., &c., by which I admit I was weak enough to be pained, and was stung with the bitterness of its injustice. I have always sought for peace, and, with Divine blessing, mean to ensure it. Never was there an opportunity afforded me of manifesting my desire for the things that make for peace more fully than on the sad evening of the 16th. Many of my clerical brethren are fully aware how ear nestly I sought to promote it, but none so fully as Mr. Ewbank himself. Whatever may be the results ultimately of this unhappy occurrence,—whether they be as sad and as serious as our enemies would desire, or as transient and as salutary as the overruling mercy of our Gracious God may be pleased to render them, the whole truth is necessary to the forma tion of a sound judgment on the rights of any question. The Truth and the Right will always be found on the same side, and, whatever may befal individuals, we are per suaded that they must ultimately prevail. I have the honour to remain, sir, your obedient servant, THOMAS NOLAN. Hope-street, October 27, 1848. FALLACIES OF THE FINANCIAL REFORM ASSOCIATION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, Sir,—The self-constituted body, which denominates itself the " Liverpool Financial Reform Association," ap pears to have got hold of a mare's nest, in supposing that any possible good could he derived from the costs of col lection of the several branches of the revenue being de ducted from the gross receipt on its way to the Exchequer, for what can be more rational and conformable te every day practice in mercantile life for the party remitting to deduct his commission or any other offset before he remits the balance ; and it would be curious enough if any tenant farmer, or any other party similarly circumstanced , was not allowed to deduct the amount of income tax, land tax, or other outgoing devolving on the landlord, but be obliged to remit the whole rent from a distance, and the recipient have the trouble of preserving a fresh draft to send a part of it back again. So it would be with the revenue collectors, in case Dr. Bowring's idea was adopted. They would have to send up all their receipts, and, after considerable delay from the operose course of office, would have part sent back again from London to pay expenses ; and all this tortuous course is take place on the rather absurd ground that it would tend to a better cheque of expenditure, when it must be obvious that the superior powers can fix and con trol the amount to be paid to each individual, for salary, just as well without such a roundabout process. It is also very remarkable, that the association alluded to will not allow the amount of the probate and legacy duty to be considered as applicable to property, for, in the name of common sense, to what else can it a tt ac h? And, in setting down the whole of the import duties oh wine, tea, sugar, coffee, &c. being paid by the industrious classes, surely the association is assuming too much, as it is well known that the opulent classes, and their children, dependants, and domestics are very great consumers of such articles, and the duties on them should be appor tioned accordingly. Any body of persons that suggests any rational means of reducing our expenditure are entitled to the gratitude of the community, but all unsound reasoning and erro neous representations should be avoided.—l am yours, &c. ALIQUIS.