The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-02-29 00:00:00

48. Devizes Haase of increase. in 1799, aatic re- hat Mr. nt King g with a member LE.-31r.. Henry, Stafford, lorsman, bert, and .Ica Ex r. Hume, trquis of . Walter, Greene, d. he slave LIU, Mr. Earl of Jackson, Evelyn lonckton. incoln's :Ted Mr. , ffice, his any de reporting ferred to Coul a, where tacanlay. blowing it of the Brother- R. Grog-- Thick shut the J. Hey itten, T. past ten. in Har-. of the' , conse 'tied the he ex ile was he Duke fferences I the In persons present a of that upwards 1 raise 077,00°' this on, relieved ch press wopertYl de their in arms. loks will trgh and fessional% they are on, it is the man r annum m he is impost, ter than h an in- e Trade sting for ce sheet ich bore nt years )erinaent balance ing line, vaphle ~E~ IDife' •- tion of, \yin. W• 5 w•O• v 3rd' 25th : , 111 . bre.- - n. .18 .06 P. 39 .113 .18 Feb. 29, 1848. A CURE FOR CURRENCY DERANGEMENTS. IrmaPrm a Pamphlet by W. Pickering, Esq.) If correct, the amount which the Government owes to the Bank of England is eleven millions. To this amount the Bank is now entitled to issue notes. This amounts, in fact, as does the national debt, to a mort gage on all property, as each one has to bear his part. Now I would recommend that these eleven millions shall be converted into a Four per Cent. Stock, and be called Gold Stock, because the interest of it as stock shall be payable alone in gold sovereigns of full weight. With the above eleven millions, and nineteen other millions added thereto, the Four per Cent. Gold Stock should be in amount thirty millions of pounds. This should be .ta, ken by the Bank of England, and by other bankers, buying and paying for the same, who should be at liberty to issue notes of various amounts, as bank notes, similar - to the notes of the Bank of England and other banks of issue. Each note should have an additional stamp affixed on its face or back, by the Government office created to manage the loan accounts of the Four per Cent. Gold Stock. The gold stock note should be made a legal tender, but the holders of it, on presentation, to have power to de mand that the issuers pay it in gold ; and in default, and oh presentation of a protest to the effect that at least one hundred pounds of it had not been paid on demand, then the holder of any amount of one hundred pounds or up wardl Will be entitled, by virtue of the said protest, to deposit notes to the amoant so protested in the loan- Of fice, and receive a scrip certificate of having such an bearing of th e l oan stan di ng to hi s cre di t i n the b ooks, 2earing interest at four per cent. per annum. The de !piling issuer of any such stock notes should be disqua lified from again becoming a contractor for any part of the loan. The thi rty millions of gold stock, or rather so much of y.lt t 's i t he requirements of commerce might keep in circu ion, would be by its contracting owners issuable as bank stock notes ; by this means, all which may be cir ting or cont rac t e d for by banks with the Government office ► will not receive interest, when out by contract; :""erehy the nation will reap the whole benefit of the !aterest at four per cent., the contracting holders obtain lienitlyhtteehirnisdienrterest from the notes they will issue as cash, so:llyonags a r rangement, tuthe},obtain bankers would obtain the notes gold, by giving value for them ; and they can circulate them with advantage, they will do so. In the event of their not being required as reorntyeytoto use, any contractor or holder should be at li pay in his notes. and demand for them an equi valent amount in stock, bearing interest to him, from the day he paid in his notes and became a stockholder. Thus then, in time of need, there are thirty millions of negotiable notes—a sum amply sufficient for any con ceivable expansion ; while in dull dead times, the con tractors or owners of it might reduce their notes to such an amount as they can profitably use, by converting them into a stock bearing interest at four per sent. Thus, by expansion at one time, or contraction at another, it would, fluid like, always find its own level ! Then I would have the usury laws re-enacted, with an exception as regards this stock ; that is, the loan-office should have power, in case of need, to exact on such stock such a rate of discount as the directors of the Bank •of England and the officers of the loan-office may, by a notice in the Gazette, announce to be the legal, and which should continue to be the legal, rate of discount, until altered by a subsequent notice in the Gazette. At all times when above five per cent. was legal, the whole excess of interest above five per cent. should be paid over by the bankers to the credit of the Consolidated F,,urid t as also the interest arising on the amount of stock " st lea. By this means, although above five per cent. might be charged, in case of need, yet when it was charged the nation would reap the whole benefit. • lam aware that this plan would interfere with the pre sent a rrangement by which the Bank of England ma nages the issues and national monetary affairs ; but any matters of mere details, which the change required, might be equitably adjusted with them. Thus, then, I repeat it, dis counts could n o t f a ll b e l ow f our per cent ., and rarely if ever would they rise above five. A self-acting, self ad.insti?g standard would be maintained ; gold would be maintained ; and ve t expans i on an d contract i on b oth •ectuallY just what the provided for; which, as it appears to me, is country requires. ,TBE LATE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY AS A Tu sor of In .1809 Dr. Howley was appointed . Regius Profes ivinitt . The manner in w ich he dis- p a rged his d u t y es Oxford as principal tutor of New College, the fame of his learning, the purity of his life, and the ac knowledged piety of hi s c h arac t er , obtained ' for him the Cordial patronage of George In. It will, of course, be ,recollected that the Prince of Orange; now king of Hol d, was an Oxford man. It is equally well known that eta very early age it was proposed to form a matrimonial fiance between that illustrious personage and the late Princess Charlotte, so that his Royal Highness was re- Eatded as likely to occupy in this country the position of Drince Consort. The care of his education wss given to ahlowley—a trust of no ordinary importance, and one epic evidently ?augured his advancement to the he bench.' It is scarcely necessary to add discharged this as he did every other trusi._,,t most conscientiously, and that he sent his il r".l°us Pupil forth as good a scholar as could well be , a ° ll l.n e p e il ytta °ll t . , of royal materials. But doubtless our learned his p r i nco u y ogor sometimes found it necesary to remind siz e d nh • ici eve that more than 20 centuries have elapsed PAM A to ennelnainn that no man '• 11 Pave a royal roa d t o soun d eru diti on ; an d t h at not even the heir to a throne can reap the reward of know gage unless he pays for that privilege by the " sweat of t: e brain." That the learned Professor of Divinity stood 'ugh in the estimation of his wo.a. . r a, there earl he tu x doub t; it is well known tha t the last time the king of Holland was in this country he paid a visit at Lambeth ' a , we , and took especial pains to mark the high esteem w'th which, after the lapse of many years, he continued to regard his quondam preceptor. Dr. Howley was also tutor to the Marquis of Abercorn. VOLUNTARYISM AND STATE RELIGION.—A correspon dent, of th e R ecord says that the following was the very last co mposition in any public matter that emanated f r om • the pen of the l a t e R ev . D r . Ch a l mers :—" I cannot con 11er41 clude without expressing my despair of any great or ge "good bein effected in the way of Christianizing r PePulation, but through the medium of a Government themselves Christians. I do not look for the general Christianity of the people but through the medium of etnistianity of their rulers. This is a lesson taught - 1, --ri callY in Scripture, by what we read of the influence which tile personal character of the Jewish monarchs had ta li n tb o Moral and religious state of their subjects,—it is blit t , e xperimentally by the impotence, now fully este eup of the Voluntary princ'ple,—and last and most /f:`, B lve„ of all, it is taught prophetically in the Book of d — ' lo n, where (we are) told that then will the king onis of the earth (Baseleiai), or governing powers, be com, G the kingdoms of our Lord Jesus Christ, or the meet s• of the earth become Christian Govern ayl.'l,s. It had been the constant boast of Infidels, Robert Hall, that then a plan, more liberal and 1)n - fulls than Christianity, needed out to be tried to en immense accession to human happiness, and toirgiisotian nations, careless and supine, retaining little of • 84 n but the profession, and disgusted with its re aluts, lent a favourable ear to these pretensions, God :Permitted the trial to be made," &c., &c. In Sermon 4 I nfidelity, pp. 87-8, " You may as well attempt," tYs Romavn, of New York, "to bind up a hungry hie with a cobweb, as to keep the irreligious magistrate the bounds of that duty which he owes to God and po e ts subjects. He will, unless restrained by more ev"" 1 11 motives, sport with truth, with humanity, and flizepthing sacred and holy. I would as soon trust to the "s savage as I would to the sceptical and irreligious ruler ; . 1 he acts under the influence of his irreligion and scepticismcat without control." As Dr. R. does not advo ,e, nor even desire, the establishment of any denomi nation of Christians, his testimony is all the more valu- Irk e when he says on the present question In the • all ?' e f my Master, I say that the magistrate must be a S u b ject of the dispensation of mercy, an unreserved be bever in Jesus Christ, or he cannot fulfil the duties of his Poffice aright. A sceptical magistrate is a traitor to the od of heaven, and therefore must be a curse to his sub . Pets. God will never suffer a perversion of any of his own appointments without manifesting his indignatio n , and causing nes e th.' perverters deeply to feel the e ff ec t s o f their ungodlis ORIGIN OF THE STORY OF BLUE BEARD.—In the current number of Bentley's Miscellany there esting article, under this title, by W. C. Taylor, LL.D. It is (says Dr. Taylor) a very common, but a very erro neous opinion that the legend of Blue Reard was devised by the Roman Catholics, as a satire on Henry VIII. ; and that its object was to strengthen the indignation with Which his cruelty to his wives was viewed throughout Europe. There is nothing in the legend which can afford the slightest support to such a theory ; the manners which the story portrays, describe a state of society long ante , Tior t o t h e age of the Tudors ; they belong to a time when the murder of wives needed not to shelter itself under the form of law ; the hero is not a king feeling something of the d cont ro l w hi c h nascent public opinion imposes upon esPotissi ; he is a castellan of th e d ar k es t per i o d o f t h e . middle ages, when the only check on th e ty rann y o f th e lo rds of the castles was the chance of their being called to Ircedto redress g ?.,ceount by some adventurous knight errant, who under therievances by the point of his lance, and theef his sword. The most telling incident in the eas,y, look out of sister Anne from the tower of the evidently fixes the date in the age of knight er . B lue Beard is clearly one of those terrible bur , dlaons see ing to m Hugo . bas so vividly delineated, or, k n; Pro b a b le, he is of the shire and represents them all." are few countries in western Europe which Blu e Iletaltri the equivocal honour of having produced a concentratedear and we may regard the tale as a kind of relat essence of several legends and traditions feebt, l l,_to outrages perpetrated by feudal lords during the lang t ;'ne of monarchy, when to use the expressive ak a - ge of the sacred historian, it might be said of the "erY was kin country in western Europe, " at this time no g Israel ; did that which see m ed irn.ed right in his in own eyes." every In man the recent develop and of Provincial literature in France, several strange . Interesting local legends have been b roug ht t o li g ht, Whi ch throw some gleams of e x pl ana ti on on th e t a l es , have become current in European tradition. Several a u n ' t lnt se relate to a supposed prototype of Blue Beard, will not be uninteresting to glance at the real his . !o,ry ate • lof some of these p ersonages as illustrative of the ...L of society that age of chivalry, the disappearance t'eifinromances. which is so d eeply lamented by certain writers of sen ttal Aft er g i v i ng an outline of three of t L i e legends alluded to, Dr. Taylor observes—" We think nl.l.race of thes e th ree legends may be found in Per outt story of Blue B ear d, and that instead of his u g based his fiction on a single tradition, he endea ,Ped to make it a kind of resume of the many legends of prrannical itbo un hus ds , bands with which th e popular literature rance eentral 015rellany. It is stated that 10,000 tons of potatoes have been sent from Wisbeach by railway only this season. We are sorry to hear that Mr. Richard Comfier, "the Factory King ,' is dangerously ill. The American steam-ship Washington would leave New York on the 20th instant for Southampton. Nottingham coals are advertised in London at 255. per ton, and are said to be the best in that market. SWANS ON ESTHWAITE LAKE.—A number of these birds are, through private liberality, likely soon to orna ment this beautiful water. Mr. Hawksley has been requested by the Earl of Lons dale to report on the practicability of obtaining a good supply of water for Whitehaven. On Monday night; Stephenson's biscuit manufactory at Wapping, London, was destroyed by fire. The river, for miles, was most brilliantly illuminated. It it stated to be a fact that there are persons employed in Christian England in casting idols for the Indian mar ket. The destruction of farm property by fire is reviving in the northern part of Essex. Five or six fires of this de scription have occurred in that district within a short period. A Dumfries paper mentions that a mouse's nest, con taining a litter of dead young ones, was lately found in the interior of part of a bun, which had been placed in a covered jar, by a jeweller of that town, some time before. AUSTRALIAN WHEAT.—The vessel Harpley, arrived in the docks from Launceston, Van Diemen's Land, has brought 2,599 bags of wheat, the produce of that distant colony. At Colesford, Gloucestershire, John Ravenhill, farmer and horse-doctor, has been committed for the man slaughter of James Fox, which he undertook to cure of a bad leg. The pro-papist and latudinarian government has recently , caused each Roman Catholic soldier in her Majesty's ser vice to be supplied with a neat edition of the Douay muti lated Bible. Mrs. Hills, wife of Mr. Hills, Dryburn-cottage, North umberland, died a few days since in consequence of having taken a quantity of oxalic acid, which she kept for cleaning bonnets, and which she mistook for Epsom salts. On Wednesday. Mr. Wakley held an inquest on the late Mr. " Romeo" Coates, who died on Monday from injuries received by being thrown down by a cab. The driver has not been discovered. The jury returned averdict of " manslaughter" against some person unknown. A " fin " whale, which measured 46 feet in length, and 25 feet in girth, and which was estimated to weigh four tons, was found dead on Saturday week by some Kentish fishermen, who towed it into Folkestone, where they sold the carcase for the sum of £l4. An Oxford correspondent of the Athenceum states that he has succeeded in transferring drawings made on paper with lithographic chalk to zinc pipes, which may be made by means of the anastatic press, to produce impressions that cannot be distinguished from lithographs. THE GROWING WHEAT.-At Wakefield, Newton, Stanley, Altofts, Normanton, Warmfield, Crofton, Meth ley, Castleford, Pontefract, and Yorkshire generally, the growing wheat was never known to look better at this time of the year, than it does at present. - A love affair, which very nearly had a fatal termination, has occasioned much gossip at Frampton-on-Severn, and Newport, in Gloucestershire. The young lady threw her. self into the Berkeley Canal, but was got out after sus taining a sad ducking. Foxhunting seems to be declining in Leicestershire, for the number of horses belonging to members of the Mel ton hunt now stabled in that town is only 204, or 70 less than the number shown by an average for the last five years. The moveable feasts, namely, Easter and Whitsuntide, this year happen almost as late as they can ever occur: the one being on the 23d of April, and the other on the 10th of June, the first day of Lent being on the Bth of March. Six men were drowned in the Tyne on Tuesday. They were workmen employed preparing the coffer dams and erecting the gears for the high level bridge across the river at Newcastle. They had only been engaged at the works within half an hour of the accident. the bachelors gave a very grand fancy-dress ball, at the Assembly Rooms, at Cheltenham, on the 22d inst., which was attended by all the fashionables there and in the neighbourhood. The most magnificent Circassian costume ever introduced into this country, from Kizliars kaja, was worn by Mrs. Cox, of Harwood Hall, Essex. At the dinner of the Royal Society of Musicians, on Tuesday, the patriarch Braham contributed the once fa mous " Hearts of Oak " with prodigious vigour and energy, although on the threshold of eighty years of age ! Nothing could exceed the enthusiasm with which the old man was greeted on all sides. On Sunday last, a notice appeared on the church door of a rural village in•the northern corner of the county of Leicester, informing the inhabitants that a vestry meeting would be held on a certain day, for the purpose of appoint ing proper persons to collect the "asses" taxes for the ensuing year. THE TONGUE SOWN UP UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CHLOROFORM.—At Mill Bank, Ayton, a young boy who, while falling from a tree, nearly severed his tongue in two, refused to allow it to be stitched together. Dr. Colvil applied chloroform, and, while the boy *as under its influence, performed the operation. AN IRISH MODE OF WARMING A PRISON.—It appears from a statement recently made by the Rev. George Chet wade, one of the visiting justices of the Aylesbury county gaol, that " the pipes for warming the reception cells of the prisoners ran outside' instead of ` inside,' and that therefore no warm air came into those cells at all." THE RIOT AT EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY.—The trial try tltv supposed to be ringleaders of the late riots, was brought to a conclusion on Friday. Two have been suspended from their studies, or what is called " rusticated" for two years, one for one year, and one for three months. _____ TRANSMISSION OF BOOKS BY POST.—CAUTION.---We understand that many book parcels have been charged as letters in consequence of disregard by the public of the regulations of:the treasury. The mistakes consist chiefly of paying the postage in money instead of stamps, and of printing on the envelope the name of the bookseller, which, though allowed in newspapers, is forbidden as re gards books. BELGIAN POTATOES.—A. vessel justanived in the Thames from Antwerp has brought 103 tons weight in bulk of potatoes, the produce of Belgium. No importation of potatoes from Belgium to a similar extent has taken place for a considerable time past. A steamer just arrived from the same Belgian port has brought 400 sacks, and the steamship Soho has also brought the large quantity of 751 bags and 4 casks of the vegetable, the produce of Belgium. SUICIDE ON A RAILWAY.—On Saturday week, Mr. R. Oakly, florist, of Southampton, went to the Nine Elms terminus of the South-Western Railway, and having placed a paver parcel on the buffer of a waggon, deliber ately laid himself down on the rail, a short distance from the coke ovens. A Richmond train coming up passed over him, mutilating his body in a most dreadful manner. Mr. Oakley was 25 years of age. An unsuccessful lawsuit was, it is said, the cause of his suicide. VOLUNTEERS.-A number of gentlemen in London have resolved to form themselves into a regiment, to be termed "The Queen's Own Volunteer Rifle Corps." The num ber at present proposed is six hundred, but probably it will be materially increased after it is fully known to the public. The uniform will be dark green, with black braiding, bronze ornaments, and a light cap. A com manding officer has been appointed and approved of, and the captains of companies and subalterns will be chosen by the gentlemen forming the corps. Last week, a number of Irishmen and their wives pre sented themselves at the Plymouth workhouse, and de manded relief, declaring that they were starving, and un able to obtain employment, although they were perfectly willing to work. One of the guardians ordered them to be immediately employed in carrying stones in the yard of the workhouse ; and so well did this labour test operate, that on the following day all these lazy and clamorous paupers, who had hoped to be maintained in idleness, dis appeared. _ At an adjourned inquest, held on Tuesday, at the Mill bank Prison, on the body of Patrick M`Ginty, who was sent from Glasgow gaol under sentence of transportation, with a certificate from the gaol surgeon, that he was strong enough to be removed, the jury found that M`Ginty's death was accelerated by the journey, and re ' turned a verdict of " manslaughter" against Gibson, the .0410.2. l t,..va I,i r• was aut. A. apprehension of Gibson, which he said would be obeyed equally in Scotland 'as here. TURNIP MEAL.—At an adjourned meeting of the Agri cultural Chemistry Association, held in Edinburgh yes terday week , Professor Johnson detail e d th e resu lt o f an analysis of a new manufacture from turnips, invented by Mr. Caird, of Baldron, Wigtonshire. The meal contained 22 per cent. of water (which may he reduced to 10 per cent. by drying), 46 per cent. of impure sugar, 4 per cent. of gum, 1 per cent. of oil or fat, 8 per cent. of fibre, 43, per cent. of mineral matter or ash, and 13 per cent, of protein compounds. By mixing the meal with linseed whereby the protein compounds would be increased, its nutritive qualities will be, it is said, as rich as those of any description of grain, and it is expected that it will form an excellent food for cattle. SLEEP.—The poet Young says, " Sleep is great Nature's second course—the balm of hurt minds.' , Johnson says, "It is the parenthesis of human woe." Sleep being thus appreciated by mankind, how desiro e to be that all should tranquilly enjoy " repose," the general obstruction to which is t gan unhealthy action of the liver or other viscera. little attention to the " young disease," by hay' recourse to a mild aperient, often pro duces the salutary effect, and for such purpose Frampt ' ill of Health stands prominent in public opinion. ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES.—Although changes in the temperature are more prevalent in the temperate zone than in other latitudes, there is scarcely a spot to be found where such great differences exist as in Great Britain, varying in a few hours some 29 de re. The ef fect of such rapid changes o odily health is very af flicting to many thous of persons, especially those in the middle or mom,a6inced ages of life, causiug attacks of those painfikl•Csorders, Sciatica, Gout, and Rheumat ism. Ha pjOK for those who are afflicted with those pain ful diseasrs, chemical science has produced that excellent medicine, Blair's Gout and Rheumatic Pills. SICK HEADACHES, BILE, AND INDIGESTION, CURED BY HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.—The innumerable proofs of the efficacy of these invaluable pills in the cure of bile, sick headaches, and indigestion, are so convincing, that every person subject to these distressing complaints-should im mediately have recourse to them forrelief, for no medi cine has hitherto been disserfd that possesses such powerful properties in cupeg the above named disorders. It acts so peculiarly o'Ee system, that all the impurities of the blood removed, and the patient becomes per manently. and invigorated. Holloway's pills are m also on ible remedy for liver complaints, and ranks in the highest atimatifax o general foray medicine. THE LIVERPOOL ST'LN,DA;WN. FOUR MEN SMOTHERED.—The sloop Mary, from Shiel daig. of Applecross, with a crew of four, was boarded on the 13th instant by two sailors, who, on looking into the forecastle, were horrified to observe one man dead. On further inquiry it was found that the whole crew. con sisting of three other persons, were dead. The cause of death was suffocation from smoke.—.Rosshire Advertiser. ROBBERY OF A BANKER'S PARCEL CONTAINING £'4Bs. —At the Guildhall, York, on Friday, a man named Dob son, in the service of the York and North Midland Railway Company, was charged with having extracted from a ban ker's parcel, which had been given him to deliver, notes amounting to £2,585. The greater part of the notes were recovered, but £126 was still deficient. The prisoner, who acknowledged having cut open the parcel, and extracted the money, was fully committed for trial. He subse quently stated that he had stolen maney from other par cels, which was ascertained to be true. A large seizure of secreted goods was made last week in Birmingham, on premises formerly occupied by a hatter named Bate, who lately applied to the London Court of Bankruptcy for protection from process. The vaults where the goods were found had not, apparently, been entered for some months. The cases there found con tained hats and other property of the value of upwards of £l,OOO. They were directed to "T. Bate, Birmingham," and had evidently never been opened. The articles were forthwith removed to the present residence of Mr. Bate, and as it is expected other goods are secreted somewhere, an active search is being made. DESTRUCTION BY FIRE OF THE PARISH CHURCH OF Annorrs' LEIGH.—On Sunday, soon after the afternoon service, a fire broke out in the chancel of the aforesaid church, and, notwithstanding every exertion by the vil lagers, the devouring element very quickly mastered the edifice, which is completely gutted. We are happy to add that the tower escaped with little injury, as also two of the principal monuments, viz., one to the memory of Si G. Norton, who afforded an asylum to King Charles 11., and that lately erected to the memory of P. J. Miles, Esq., at a cost of 1000 guineas. The fire originated by the foulness of the flues used in heating the building, which became ignited. SOYER'S PAROCHIAL MODEL KITCHEN.—M. Soyer having been appealed to by several benevolent gentlemen whose sympathies were excited by the distress prevalent in Spitalfields, caused one of his model kitchens for the poor to be erected in the most populous district, and since Saturday week last it has been in full operation. All who are destitute or infirm are supplied with a quart of soup or food, and nearly half a pound of bread for one penny. On the first day the kitchen was opened, M. Soyer made a most excellent peas, panada, and meat soup in less than one hour and a half, at a very moderate expense (great quickness and saving being effected by his new steam apparatus) ; and the food was distributed to 350 children selected for the purpose, without any confusion, in less than twenty minutes. The remainder was given away to many poor families in the neighbourhood. CAUTION.—An advertisement appears in some of the newspapers, from a party in London, containing a long list of patent and celebrated medicines, and promising to send on receipt of twelve postage stamps, the recipe for preparing any one of them. The advertisement also sets forth that the party has one of the largest scientific and chemical libraries in the kingdom, and promises to supply any required information on the same moderate terms.— We should think few people are so simple as to part with " twelve postage stamps on the faith of any such pro mises ; nevertheless, we may as well state, that the ad dress to which the stamps are to be sent is an inferior sort of house—where all inquiries are answered by a woma n , who says, " she don't know where the person lives who advertises these secrets, but that he calls sometimes at night for any letters that may be left for him," she refuses to give any further information. A MINE OF GUANO IN ENGLAND.—The Gardener's Chronicle announces the important fact that beds of fos sil phospates—the most fertilising of manures—have been discovered in Surrey, along the lower edge of the chalk formation. Liebig has already predicted their existence in the following words : " In the remains of an extinct animal world England is to find the means of increasing her wealth in agricultural produce as she has already found the great support of her manufacturing industry in fossil fuel. ' The fulfilment of this prophecy is due to the exertions and researches of Mr. J. M. Payne, of Farnham. That gentleman having noticed that a certain portion of his estate, remarkable for the green tint of the soil, was exceedingly prolific, sent some of the earth to a chemist for analysation without any conclusive result, but after wards forwarded to Professor Way a box of marl dug out of a pit sunk in the same sort of soil. This proved, on analysis, to possess great fertilising power, which was very materially increased when washed and selected. DREADFUL COLLIERY EXPLOSION.—On Wednesday evening, an awful coal-pit explosion, took place at the colliery of Messrs. Swire and Lees, Duckinfield, known as thel Victoria Pit. The colliers were at work, about five o'clock, when some of them had got into some old workings, with a lighted candle, not taken the usual pre caution of using a safety lamp. The foul air, which ap pears to have been deeply impregnated, exploded, causing the instantaneous death of four men, and a number of others are seriously burnt, three of whom are not expected to live. Two of the young men killed are brothers ; and their father, who is said to have had the naked candle in his hand which was the cause of the explosion, is also much burned, and but little hopes are entertained of his recovery. The pit where the accident happened is the deepest in the neighbourhood, and more lives are said to have been lost in it than in all the others put together. Great pains have been_taken to prevent the men working with naked lights, but all the attempts hitherto made have failed,—the miners, apparently, choosing to run the risk of their lives rather than work with their Davy lamps. APPLICATION OF CHLOROFORM IN TETANUS.—A man n v a sk tin the household of Lady Dorothy Elizabeth Palk, h ten days trismus (locked jaw) came on, litteaect - witE difficulty of swallowing, resembling hydrophobia : in three days more tetanus set in, affecting all the muscles of the body with painful spasmodic contractions and extreme rigidity, the head, neck, and lower extremities being bent backwards. In this case Mr. Asbury, her ladyship's medical attendant, saw that death must take place in a few hours, unless some powerful remedy were applied with success. Mr. Asbury determined on chloroform, with purgatives. The first application was on the second day of tetanus, when sleep was procured for eighteen minutes ; the third day it was applied twice, and procured sleep for twenty minutes each time. The chloroform has since been administered daily with the same success for twenty four days. The young man can now walk alone and masti cate food. The chloroform vapour was also applied to the wound, when, in two minutes, the thumb, being stiff and extended, dropped into the hand. The vapour was also applied to the blistered surface on the back with equal success. SHOCKING MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS.—Tn accord ance with an Admiralty order, a mariner, named Michael Fitzpatrick, was on Saturday delivered into the custody of the governor of Newgate, for trial at the next sitting of the Central Criminal Court, for the wilful murder of a fellow seaman, of the name of Walter Jenkings, on the high seas. The unfortunate deceased and the prisoner were fello w apprentices on board the brig Sibson, of the port of Blyth. On the 24th of last December, the vessel was in the Mediterranean, making a voyage from Kertel, in Russia, and about eight o'clock in the morning of that day both parties were in the forecastle, with several other seamen. The prisoner, it appeared, had been using a pannakeen belonging to the deceased, and had left a quan tity of slops in it. Deceased complained to him of his neglect, and seeing that his caution had but little effect, the unfortunate man threatened to strike the prisoner with a piece of rope as he was leaving the forecastle with the utensil to clean. The prisoner was then heard to say, " I will have your life if you touch me again," upon which the deceased remarked, " You will, will you ?" at the same time attempting to strike him. The prisoner had a knife in his hand, and, in pushing Fitzgerald along, plunged it into his abdomen on the right side. The poor fellow immediately fell, and cried, "I am killed." He was conveyed to a berth, and treated as well as those on board could prescribe, and the prisoner was placed in irons. On the following day the vessel arrived in Tunis, and the wounded man was removed to the military hos pital, where he died in great suffering. LEGISLATIVE BLUNWING.—The Bill for promoting Public Health provides ittNarious clauses for the suppres sion of nuisances, and for this purpose authorises regula tions for slaughter-houses, and restrictions as to the sale and exposure of unwholesome meat. .By the 45th clause, the inspector under a local board is to inspect " any shop IVA .14,1 ova., vC -but cher's meat, or as a slaughter-house, and to examine any animal, carcase, meat, or flesh, which may be therein ;" he may also seize such as may be found unfit for the food of man. Another portion of the clause gives power to punish the parties from whom any carcase, meat, or flesh is taken, by penalty. Thus is provision wisely made for placing within reach of law an offensive practice with re gard to animal food ; but, as if the framers of the Bill never conceived that any such aliment as fish was made use of, or if they did, that there was no such thing as its becoming stale and unfit to be eaten, and in that state offered for sale, they have carefully omitted all allusion to such a probability, while it is well known in all large towns, that the public health is often more endangered by the stench and other ill effects ofunwholesome fish than by the exposure of bad meat. It might be thought by some, that the terms "animal, flesh. or meat," are intended to compre hend the piscatory class of food, but the restrictive terms " kept or used for the sale of butcher's-meat, or as a slaughter-house," altogether preclude the inference, al though in the interpretation clauses, the latter word is made to include " knackers' yards, or any building used for slaughtering cattle, horses, or animals of any descrip tion." As fish die without this kind of " slaughtering," of course the term is totally inapplicable to the trading in this article of consumption : and some of its vendors, who are not particular as to the date when it has quitted its native element, may continue to poison the air with impunity. MATCH AGAINST THE CALEDONIAN RAILWAY.—in a cottage not very far from the well-known village of Eccle fechan, which can:boast of more bridges than even the metropolis itself, there wons a gudewife who is now in her 92nd or 93rd year, and is able, notwithstanding, to read without the aid of spectacles, and use her legs with more vigour than many who are their juniors by a couple of scores of years. From her cottage she commands a view of the Caledonian Railway for nearly five miles, and often amuses herself with watching the trains careering along, speculating on the unto' changes which have taken place since the days of her girlhood. While discussing matters the other day she laid a bet of a crown piece with her son that she would start from her house, whicn is three-quarters of a mile from the line of railway, a s soon as the mail train came in sight, and reach an accommoda tion bridge which it crosses, before the train came up . The proposal agreed to, she kilted up her petticoats as soon as the locomotive shewed its fiery nose, and away she ran, three-fourths of a mile against four and three quarters ; but for the one a very elderly pair of legs, for the other the steam steed rushing along with more than the velocity of the racehorse. For ()rap hovwfer, eyeu steam was too slow, r and with wind in very fair order, the nonagenarian gained the bridge, ran below, and back again, ere the ponderous train .whizzed above the arch. During the race she met a• younger female acquaintance, who wished to speak to her; " I hae nae time•the noo— eh, eh—l'm rinnin' a race wi► the train, ye see,—eh, eh— unless—eh, eh—ye keep up wi' me," This her friend attempted to do, but soon found'she had bellows to mend, and was forced to give in. The winner went home tri umphantly, pocketed the stakes with , great gusto, and was so little the worse for her exertions that she offered to run the same distance against her son, who, after the specimen he bad just had of his mother's powers in the racing line, very prudently declined the proposal. There is evidently no great need of sanitary reform among the braes of Annandale.—Mnr f fries Courier. LAW INTELLIGENCE. BUNN V. LIND.—On Tuesday, in the Court of Queen's Bench, Mr. Bunn recovered £2,500 damages from Jenny Lind. for breach of her contract to sing at Drury Lane. The Commissioners of Stamps have stated that proxies used at a general meeting of a charitable institution are liable to a stamp duty of 30s. VINCENT HIGGINS AND SONS V. DUNLOP WILSON.— This case, in which it will be recollected the question was "course f post," has been on appeal in the House of Lords. Their lordships, on Thursday, confirmed the ver dict, in favour of the plaintiffs. A weekly paper says, that the question as to the confir mation of Dr. Hampden is to be carried by petition to the House of Lords. Sir F. Kelly and Mr. Baddeley have recommended this course, as no appeal will lie from the Court of Queen's Bench either to the Exchequer Chamber or to the Priv j Council on the present question. The case of Pilbrow v. the Atmospheric Railway Com pany,—an action brought against the Earl of Besborough, the Earl of Essex, and others, to recover £15,000 for the exclusive use of a patent,—occupied the Court of Com mon Pleas on Monday and Tuesday. The defence was, that the invention was useless, and Pilbrow knew it to be so at the time of the contract. Several scientific men disparaged the invention, and Mr. Cooper, of King's College, designated it " the egregious mistake of an in genious man." The jury found for the defendants— thereby pronouncing the invention useless. Dr. Addams has been called on by the bar of the Civil Court to apologize for some expressions derogatory to them, which he used in the case of " Geils v. Geils, tried in the Ecclesiastical Court_ By the advice of his friends, Dr. Addams disclaimed any idea of treating the bar ge nerally with disrespect, but he declared that the language found fault with was provoked by the offensive language of the opposite counsel, and that he considered himself fully justified as far as regards them personally. The apology was accepted, but the bar declared that the prac tice of an advocate drawing pleadings, allegations, &c., which had been practised by Dr. Addams, was unpro fessional. LAW OF GARDENS.—Some parties, when leaving the place, finding they could not remove the trees and shrubs, have cut them down ; but they were actionable ; for the law prohibits waste, with any malevolent intentions. The decision given in the case of Buckland v. Butterfield es tablishes this point ; for " a tenant is liable to pay for the waste if he cuts down or destroys," &c., And it has also been decided by Lord Denman, Mr. Justice Littledale, and Mr. Justice Parke, that a tenant could not remove a border of box, planted in the garden by himself, but that it belonged to the landlord, in the absence of any agree ment made to the contrary. In the course of the argu ment, the counsel for the tenant asked, " Could not the tenantremove flowers which he had planted in the ground ?" Mr. Justice Littledale instantly said, " No." We think all our floricultural readers will agree with us, that if this is the law (which it undoubtedly is), the sooner the law of tenant-right is altered the better.—From the Midland Florist. A LAWYER'S WILL.—It is an extraordinary circum stance that the Vice-Chancellor's Court, London, has been occupied by a question arising out of the will of Sir David Pollock, late Chief-Justice of Bombay ; and that the subtlety to be solved was, whether the learned knight intended to bequeath one-eighth or seven-eighths of his estate to his six sons and one daughter. This ambiguity the Vice-Chancellor solved by saying that the six sons took one-eighth each, and not, as was contended on the other side, that they were to divide one-eighth amongst them. The words of the will are these :—" And as to the rest of my estate, my will is, thatt he same shall be divided into eight parts, one of such to be the property and to be paid over to my six sons, and one other such part shall be paid to my daughter, Julia Louisa Pollock, on her attaining her age of twenty-one years." The will clearly says that the six sons were to have one part am ongst them, but Sir David no doubt meant that the six sons should have six parts. RAILWAY AFFAIRS. The proprietors of the Hull and Selby met to pass their half-yearly Report, recommending dividends of X 2 9s 6d per £5O share, and £1 4s 9d per £25 share, being at the rate of £9 18s per cent. Arrangements are being made to start an express train between London and Edinburgh and Glasgow. The train will commence running on the Ist of March, starting from London and Glasgow at nine o'clock in the morning, to reach each terminus at ten o'clock at night. The prospects of the Blackwall~give satisfactory pro mise. After declaring a dividend of 3s. per share, clear of income-tax, the Report states that satisfactory arrange ments had been agreed upon with the Eastern Counties, and East and West India Docks and Birmingham Junc tion Companies, for the use of the line. the floating of the Conway Tube to its destined posi gorLlLts.,no..t. yet taken place. The Chester Courant spring tides. ' T - 11W i g -l ro - und ut; a de7ge 'v p a o u n7o ll o l Ts ' ;7ot i a7,7; sufficiently levelled, no effort could be made to accomplish the experiment. The officers of the Great Britain and about forty sailors from the Sailors' Home, Liverpool, are employed on the necessary preparations. A New Locomotive called Lablache," in honour of the great buffo, and constructed by Messrs. Wilson, of Leeds, has lately been performing some very remarkable feats of power on the Midland Railway. It has been -running between Rugby and Leicester with three car riages at an average speed of 75 miles per hour. The same engine has taken a load of 400 tons at an average speed of 30 miles per hour, which is even a still more remarkable feat. From official returns it appears that the amount of traffic for the last week, on upwards of 3,518 miles of railway, was £148,553, thus accounted f0r:—£68,079 for the conveyance of passengers only, £43,698 for the car riage of goods, and a remainder of £36,776 for passen gers and goods together, not respectively apportioned ; being an increase of £26 , 288 over the corresponding week of last year, when the mileage was 2,711. The average earnings per mile last week were £42, whilst in 1847 they were £45. AMBERGATE, NOTTINGHAM, AND BOSTON RAILWAY COMPANY.—At the half-yearly meeting of this company, held at Nottingham on Friday, a report was presented, which stated that the directors have concentrated their efforts to complete the line from Nottingham to Grantham , --which they hope to open in the spring of 1849. The Railway Commissioners have granted an extension of two years for the completion of the line. The report was adopted, and a committee of five shareholders and five directors appointed to investigate the affairs of the Company. ACCIDENT UPON THE CALEDONIAN RAILWAY.-011 Thursday evening last, the mail train from Edinburgh to London, met with a serious accident. The late floods had undermined an embankment, seventeen miles north of Carlisle, and when the train arrived at that point the. embankment fell in, and many parties in the train were severely injured. The guard was picked up much hurt, and has since died. The stoker also lies in a dangerous state, having had his arm broken, and been otherwise se verely injured. Of course the trains upon the Caledonian line were delayed for a considerable time. THE EASTERN COUNTIES' RAILWAY.—The financial statement shows a revenue of £323,856 for the half-year January 4, against working expenses amounted to £131,381; the balance being £192,475. The interest to be paid on the Extension Stock, 1 and 2, amounts to £48,000, and that to the Northern and Eastern Railway Company, £32,702, constituting, with an arrear of £196, after paying the July dividend, a total of £80,897, which, deducted from the above balance, leaves a sum of £111,577 rr ;,...hb, fell.a dividend_ npnn 44551,C1Qg dated Stock, this would amount to about Bs. 6d. per share. SHREWSBURY AND HEREFORD RAILWAY.-At the half yearly meeting held on Tuesday at Chester the di rectors recommended the discontinuance for. the present of the - allowance of interest on calls. They had reduced the expenses of the office establishment by removal to Chester. • The question of taking legal proceedings against defaulters was under the consideration of the board, and the meeting recommended that stringent measures should be adopted to secure the payment of all calls. The ope rations were confined to the works at the Shrewsbury station, including the bridge over the Severn and the portion of the line adjoining thereto. EXPRESS FROM LONDON TO EDINBURGH AND GLAS GOW.—This special express, which was arranged by Messrs. W. H. Smith and Sons, newsvenders, Strand, left Lon don at 5 35 a.m. with the newspapers of the day, con taining Lord John Russell's financial statement and the debates in Parliament of the preceding evening, and reached Glasgow at 3 57 p.m., completing the journey of. 472 l in the incredibly short space of 10h. 22m. The detentions amounted to fifty minutes, including eight minutes occupied in passing from Gateshead to the New castle station at Berwick, thus reducing the actual railway travelling to 9h. 32m., being at the rate of 50 miles an hour !' Not the least amusing circumstance connected with this express is that it arrived in Edinburgh an hour and a half, and in Glasgow two hours, before the mails which left London the preceeding evening. The total number of miles run by Messrs. Smith's expresses on that day was 6851 SHREWSBURY AlcD CHESTER RAILWAY.—At the half yearly meeting held on Tuesday at Chester, it was stated, that the opening of the line to Shrewsbury, and of the branch to Oswestry, may be expected to take place early in the Autumn of the present year. A considerable in crease is expected to take place in the traffic on the open ing of the line throughout. That of .£577,100 called up there was an arrear due, on the 31st of December,' of £39,774. This arrear was now reduced to £22,481. The company have borrowed £249,800. It was stated that it would be necessary to raise £BO,OOO, besides the calls al ready made before the Ist day of August. The revenue for the half year amounted to £14,510, and after making all necessary deductions there remained a balance suffi cient for a dividend, which the directors recommend, of 10s. per share on the original £2O shares—£l6 paid ; and ss. per share on the £lO shares—£B paid. The Chair man stated, that they were under no guarantee or obliga ti= to any other company, ond they trusted to their own resources.. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH ROME. A meeting was held in Willis's itoOMS. King-street, St. James's, on Thursday, to oppose the. bill introduced into parliament for establishing diplomatic relations with Rome, and other measures in favour of Popery. In the absence of the Earl of Winchelsea, Mr. J. P. Plumptre, M.P. was called to the chair. Among the gen tlemen on the platform were Mr. G. R. Clarke,. Mr. J. Lord. Rev. Hugh Stowell, Rev. H. Beamish, Rev. R. J. M`Gliee, &c. The attendance was very numerous and highly respectable. Mr. G. R. CLARKE moved the first resolution. The bill to which the resolution referred was one of a series calculated to take away the protestant character of the country. The " doubts' which it professed to remove ex isted only because there were men who wanted to doubt, and Jesuits who wanted to teach men to have double faces. Lord Lansdowne, Lord J. Russell, and Lord Minto, had, violated the law, and now brought forward this bill to free themselves from the imputation. It was not by the sovereign, but by a Popishly disposed ministry which worked itself into power by means of the Jesuits, that such measures were desired. He should not believe that her Majesty would give her royal assent till she had given it. He loved the queen, but he also loved the prin ciples on which her throne was founded in opposition to Antichrist. There was a laugh when impeachment was spoken of. It was thought Lord J. Russell and Lord Lansdowne would not be impeached, because there was a great body of people in Ireland ready for any bartarous deed so that the Protestant spirit might be kept down. That this country should be " reconciled" to Rome were the wildest words a minister could use; and to carry the Queen's mind through that expression would need some Jesuitry. Lord Castlemaine was charged with high trea son for attempting to " reconcile " this country to the see of Rome ; the Earl of Salisbury and another noble lord were accused because they were "reconciled" to the church of Rome. Parliament knew its duty better in those days than now. They were at war with Rome, and he trusted that till Babylon should fall they would keep up everlasting war. Lord Lansdowne was such a chicken in the hands of the Jesuits that he supposed the reception by the Pope of an ambassador from the Queen would be an implicit recognition of her Sovereign authority. The present Pope was as great an enemy of Christ as any of his predecessors. The declarations against the Bible So ciety would speak for themselves. But the Pope knew it would not do to pour forth anathemas like Dr. M`Hale ; yet could the Pope, who was "clothed with curses," give them up ? No ; he would say " Amen "to all the curses of his predecessors, however he might now be cheating Europe with professions of liberality. The Rev. HUGH STOWELL seconded the resolution. It could not fail at any time to be painful for a minister of peace to appear in antagonism to those whom God had placed over them in the government of the land. It w as especially painful for a clergyman of the Church of Eng land. But be should be doing injustice to ministers were he not to acknowledge that the country was greatly in debted to them, under God, for the Primate they had se selected. (Cheers.) Since the days of Archbishop Cran mer, a more meek, a more devoted, a more Protestant Archbishop had not been set to preside over the reformed Church of England, Whether Popery appeared within or without the walls of their Zion, the present Archbishop of Canterbury had never kept silence. His charges were Protestant to the heart's core, and no elevation would ever change his sentiments, because they were founded on practical faith and godliness. But, if the government thought by offering so conciliatory an appointment that they would gag the Protestant feeling of the country, they were sorely mistaken. There was something dearer even than country, church, and friends, and that was truth. Was it the Protestants who were keeping up a perpetual fret and elbowing Parliament out of its ordinary course ? It was Rome with her emissaries pressing on the Admi nistration. The framers of this bill were sensible of the illegality of their proceedings. Why had no intimation been made in the Royal speech ? Lord Minto's was a Jesuitical mission, because the whole movement was such that its authors could represent it as they pleased. The Pro testant feeling required but fair notice to rise against such treacherous reconciliation. There had been a most en thusiastic meeting at Manchester. A member of the Anti-Corn Law League stated that he had never seen a room so crowded, or so large a proportion of men. There were 200 Romanists in the room, but they were paralysed and spell-bound. (Cheers.) On the next Saturday 95 duplicates were sent out, and on Monday the number of signatures was 15,000, which on Tuesday increased to 20,000, and he believed the petition would receive 30,000 signatures in all. The time was when British ministers would have blushed to stoop to such manoeuvres as had been resorted to. Let the government dissolve parliament or postpone the bill till another session, so that public opi nion may be tested. What was the object of having a nuncio in England ? Was John of Tuam to send a i s hellhounds of savage war—to use an expression of Lord Chatham's which might be applied to those who were set on to hunt the Saxon ? Were they to cross tl'e channel, or was England to be invited by France at the bidding of Rome ? If so, why did not Lord Lansdowne draw the curtain ? England would look the danger in the face. He had no hesitation in charging the bishops and clergy of Rome with causing a great proportion of the outrage, bloodshed, and assassination which disgraced Ireland. (Loud cheers.) Was the distaff of the scarlet lady to be brought in aid of the sceptre of Victoria ? Were her Majesty's ministers going to get Satan to cast out Satan ? (Great cheering.) Did he call the Pope Satan ? No. But if the Pope were to make his power subservient to Protes tant interests, the Pope would be casting out the Pope. Every means should be tried to improve the state of Ire land before allowing the Pope to exercise his power under the wing of British law. Lord Clarendon ought to be invested with ample authority; the priests who had ought to 0. ; and if a Protestant were murdered, the priest who him ought to be arrested. There was no parallel between the case of Rome end that of other powers. Did the Emperor of China, for example, hold the Queen to be a rebel because a heretic ? The bull In Ccena Domini was still in force. The Pope mapped out England into dio ceses. A lady could not give a tract in Rome without being warned to leave the Papal dominions, or a clergy man an Italian Bible without being arrested. What sort of reciprocity was there ? It made an honest English man's blood boil to think that his country had fallen so low. Why should England go cap in hand to Rome? Shame on the men who had placed England in an atti tude so degrading ! (Cheers.) Lulled by the Delilah of Rome, which spoke of its 3,000,000 in Italy being backed by 200,000,000 throughout the world, she would yet come to make sport for the uncircumcised Philistines, the hier archy of Rome. The Pope had never been more power ful since the Reformation than now. He had not granted one ecclesiastical reform, though politically he placed himself at the head of the Liberal movement. The mea sure now proposed would strengthen the hands of the Jesuits, who would fill the court in disguise, whether the Papal representative were a layman or a cardinal. The watchword ought to be, " No Popery and no peace with Antichrist for England." It were to be wished that Lord J. Russell was of the same opinion with his ancestor, who, while he avowed himself a true and sincere Protes tant in communion with the Church of England, declared Popery to be " an idolatrous and bloody religion"—that the mantle of the martyred Russell should fall on the shoulders of the Premier. He called on them to pray that the land might be relieved .from the impurity and consequent curse involved in communication with Anti christ. (Cheers.) . The. Rev. R. M'GHER moved the second resolution. The question he thought was, whether it was for a coun try calling itself Christian to enter into league with the proclaimed enemy of the living God ? When the'British Government took Babylon into their councils they took at the same time the curse of Babylon. They proscribed the word of God in the education of Ireland. They taught a nation to despise the law of God, it now despised their own. They crushed half the episcopacy of Ireland; they endowed Babylon in the colonies : they . educated •men in principles which were not only seditious, but which they had called God to witness they considered idolatrous. To enable the Government to rule the sub jects of Rome within their Sovereign's dominion, they had degraded their. Sovereign at the feet of the Papal Antichrist. He knew not whether more to wonder at the sin of their folly, or at the folly of their sin. He never before had heard of statesmen imagining it possible to separate the Pope's temporal and spiritual power. The Pope was not to be " the Sovereign Pontiff;" but " the Sovereign of the Roman States." it were better still to bIIDSLILL/Le His "Arm name or Papa"—(iaughter)—wmen would be more appropriate to such puerile legislation. As well attempt to separate the electric telegraph from the agents which generate the electricity, as separate the Pope's temporal and spiritual power. Lord Arundel and I. Surrey. had lately published a pamphlet, ' in which he stated that his spiritual allegiance to the Pope was not only compatible with the principle of loyalty to his Sove reign, but made him a better subject of the Queen. He (Mr. M'Ghee) gave Lord Arundel and Surrey perfect credit for sincerity; but the noble lord had been victi mized by some Roman ecclesiastic. His lordship referred to the Canon Law, the Decretals of Gregory, Thomas Aquinas, Cornelius a Lapide. Suarev the Jesuit. But the Roman Catholic states of Europe would not allow a single bull to be published without the exeyuatur of their own Governments. But Ireland was governed by Papal bulls. These circumstances afforded a commentary on the quo tations from Thomas Aquinas, who elsewhere raised the question " whether princes on account of apostacy from the faith lost dominion over their subjects, so that they were not bound to obey them ?" Which. question, after quoting cases apparently against his conclusion, such as the obedience of Christian soldiers to Julian, &c., he re solved by declaring the opinion that Princes who aposta tized were not to be obeyed. Lord Arundel then quoted the comments of Cornelius a Lapide, one Of the standards of Maynooth, on Romans, chapter 13. Cornelius en forced obedience to Sovereigns, but they were Roman Catholic Sovereigns ; and so Suarez. In the Moral Theo logy of Oscott College, a far worse book than Dens' Theology, it was laid down that the ecclesiastical autho rity could abrogate the civil laws if they were contrary to justice, and that heretics and schismatics by reason of their baptism were made subject to the church. The Pope, according to these doctrines, had power as soon as he pleased to denounce the Queen as an excommunicated heretic, and absolve all her subjects from their allegiance. Lord Arundel and Surrey might yet see the day when he would have to make a choice between loyalty to his Queen and obedience to his church. (Cheers.) The. Rev. C. PREST seconded the resolution. The resolutions were all but unanimously agreed to there being only one dissentient ; and petitions were also adopted to both houses of Parliament. The meeting then separated. The Meath Herald states that Bridget Woods, Of C o l_ liertown, a professional beggar, and apparently a most miserable creature, was robbed the other da; f of half a dozen gowns, two or three cloaks, 18s. in s il ver , a gold r i ng , some o th er property, and a savinge b i Wk b„k, recording depoits to the illuete4 0 X 97. MEETING AT LIVERPOOL TO OPPOSE THE GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL PROPOSALS. On Thursday, a public meeting of the inhabitants of' Liverpool, convened by the Mayor, T. B. Horsfall. Esq., in pursuance of a requisition, numerously signed by men` of all political opinions and parties, was held in the Ses sions House, for the purpose of taking into consideratiort the financial statement made to the house of commons by the first lord of the treasury on the 18th instant, in. order to petition the legislature thereon. The sessions house was crowded, and many persons were unable to , obtain admittance • but a proposal to adjourn the meeting to the area of the Exchange was rejected, as it rained heavily at the time.—The Mayor took the chair shortly after twelve o'clock ; and, after the requisition had beets read, the Mayor rose to open the proceedings when he was received with tremendous bursts of applause. He said :—if the requisition had been signed by one political party only, I should not have convened this meeting. (Cheers.) But signed as it is by gentlemen of every political party, and entertaining every political opinion, did not hesitate to do s o . (Cheers.) We are not met for the purpose of declaiming against her Majesty's govern-. ment. We are not met for the purpose of declaiming against any legitimate tax, but we are met for the purpose of asserting and maintaining the principle, that the go-. vernment of this country is bound to act as a private individual with regard to income and expenditure. (Cheers) If a private individual finds that his expenditure is ex ceeding his income, he is bound to see how far he caa reduce his expenditure. The same principle should apply to the government of this country. As I apprehend it will be in the province of any gentleman to throw out any suggestion with the view of economizing the expenditure of the country, I will take the liberty of throwing out one practical suggestion, which may have the effect of reduc ing the expenditure a little. (Cheers.) We have on the western coast of Africa a fleet of something like thirty or forty vessels of war, manned with three or four thousand seamen, employed in the laudable, philanthropic, but fruitless attempt to suppress the slave trade. (Cheers.) On taking up the Times of last evening, I saw that Capt. Pechell asked this question—" He should like to know, if those vessels were withdrawn, what the merchants of' Liverpool would do to find no protection given them in carrying on their trade in palm oil and ivory." Now, being connected with perhaps the most extensive house irt the African trade, and also as Chairman of the African. Association, I can frankly tell Captain Pechell that we shall be very much obliged to him if he will withdraw the vessels of war altogether. (Loud cheers.) For whilst they do no good (applause) in suppressing the slave trade, they are likewise of no good service to the merchant vessels trading to that coast; or if they do any good at all, it is the exception and not the rule. (Loud cheers.) The common answer given to the merchants, when the captains of the British cruisers are asked for assistance; is "We have no orders from the Admiralty." This item alone causes an unnecessary expense of £300,000 per year upon the people of the country. (Hear.) After some further remarks, his worship concluded by calling ott the town-clerk to read a letter from Sir John Gladstone. Liverpool, 23rd February, 1848. MY DEAR SIR, Though ro longer a resident in Liverpool, I shall ever feel a warm interest in all measures th a t are calcu lated to raise her reputation and promote her important con cerns. I was, therefore, much pleased to learn that you had, as the Chief Magistrate, been induced so promptly to call a general meeting of the inhabitants, to be held to-morrow, for the purpose of taking into consideration the measures just submitted to parliament, as contained in the Budget of Lord John Russell, in which every one must feel a lively interest, and on which you have expressed to me a desire to know my sentiments. With this wish, though alive to my incapacity, I willingly comply. You are well aware how universally the continuance of the income tax, much less its increase, is condemned by all poli tical parties, both here and elsewhere, as a tax most obnoxious in itself, inquisitorial, unjust, and arbitrary in its application, applying equally to the precarious fruits of talent and indus try, as well to the limited receipts of the annuitant as to the permanent income arising from property, whether real or per sonal. This tax it is now evidently intended to make perma nent, although, when first imposed, the public were influenced and deluded to consent under the assurance that it would be of short duration, and certainly not to exceed a period of three years. _ . The sources of taxation seem, in the present depressed state of the country, to be exhausted. To increase existing sources of revenue threatens to hazard the reduction of what they now produce in the present disastrous state of trade, commerce, and manufacture. Employment for the working classes is daily diminishing, their rates of wages falling, and consump tion falling off, from want of means on the part of so many of those who bought freely of the luxuries, now considered the necessaries Gf life, affording large sources of revenue ? such as tea, sugar, and the produce of barley in malt, as spirits and beer of all descriptions, with wines and foreign wochictions, of which, unfortunately, both Customs and Excise are now affording their testimony in the sinking state of their receipts. The industrious classes every where complain they are without income to contribute t ° h Y T a t h (i f h 1 " l e ''seeamrt same e i e e Premier, rien sourcesut' h m e f ol sc • :e." th is no gf tax? se a nf amount. et facts , eli takes ta for i e° is uhi granted e of revenue will in ' lB4B equal in amount their produce in 1847, and even then holds out to as the neces sity for an increase in the present year of three millions, though in the midst of peace, with presumed or hoped-for restored prosperity, whilst in the midst of poverty and exhaustion. In place of those delusions being realized, I feel forced to contem plate, and with apprehension and alarm to expect, a great and serious deficiency in the revenue for the present year, probably' to the extent of not less than fi v e o r six millions, to he added to the three which Lord John proposes to raise by his unex. ampled Budget. The existing crisis and consequent panic, though at present in a state of lull and resignation, has, I believe no one will deny, produced the most disastrous and ruinous consequences to many, and great injury to all the community engaged in trade, commerce, and manufacture, which a great length of time must be required to diminish or overcome; but, in the meantime, the wants of the state must be provided for, if the servants of the Crown are to be enabled to fulfil their engagements, and keep good faith with the public creditors of the country. To me it appears as if a period was approaching when every one who possesses income arising from property of a permanent nature, whether real or personal, are likely to find it necessary vol.ui r,1,. e, contribute, and largely too, to the wants or neces sities of the State, when strict economy and retrenchment in public expenditure maydo p s e o n m si e a t n h e ing rs, us;taonnhueltptant and dt servants tsery does antsseem to me that in aid, all of the Crown, the Church, and th e public, including even the Crown itself , must set the exa m pl e b y a volu ntary resignation to the State of a considerabl e p or ti on of their incomes , many of them very large, which they are no w i n p ossession of, ' and tat the Government should be called upon to influence the Queen and her Royal Consort to take the lead in so great a national and patriotic measure, from which great good might be expected to flow. With our ordinary sources exhausted, with so many strug— sling against poverty, and others threatened by its approach, it seems to me next to idle for those whom you have invited to meet you to-morrow to waste their time in charging our present state to presumed causes; one party may blame protection. to native industry, when it existed; others may condemn the free trade systems now in operation ; some will charge great over trading as the cause of the fatal crisis; but whatever may be cause, the evil consequences are too certain ; something of a more decisive character is required and called for. Whether the members of the present government, the proposers of this obnoxious tax, in the event of its being rejected by the country, as I trust it will be, remain in power, or resign and leave it to others to take the reins of Government into their hands, you will, I am assured, in the course you may take to-morrow, con— scientiously and faithfully discharge the i m p or t an t pu bl ic d u in - ties placed your hands. Believe me. to have the honour to be, with great respect and. regard, dear Sir, your f a ithf u l and obedient servant, JOHN GLADSTONE. To the Worshipful Thomas 13. Horsfall, Esq., Mayor of Liverpool. _ _ • Mr. J. H. WYLIE then moved the first resolution, for the effect that the meeting viewed with dismay the attempt to impose additional taxes. He thought that the ex penses of the army and navy ought to be reduced to the same point as in 1835, for the fear of invasion was a mere bugbear. He was convinced, from the state of trade, that the financial measure of the government would be inoperative, and that the deficiency next year would be immeasurably greater than it was this year. The govern ment ought to retrench its expenditure, and begin by re ducing the incomes of its own members, and individuals in high stations. _ _ The resolution was carried unanimously, after it had been seconded by Mr. EARLE, who said that ministers ought to have economised, and have removed the burdens which crippled the commerce of the country. If economy alone was not sufficient, he would not object to an income-tax, but it must be a properly regulated, and not a, dishonest one. Mr. J. SMITH moved the second resolution, that the present amount of revenue was amply sufficient, and that any increase of taxation ought to be opposed. He thought that the military and naval expenditure ought to be re duced to the standard of 1835, and that the probate and legacy duties ought to be extended to real as well as per sonal property, thus enabling them to remove some of the trammels which fettered commerce. nlr. U. HORNET seconded the resolution with great . pleasure, as he never recollected a statement which gave greater dissatisfaction than that made by th e pr i me minister. He thought the government ought to retrench, and even if no reduction could be made in the military or ...rel expenditure, tt diminution of the civil estimates might be effected. Tile incomes of the officers of govern , ment ought to be diminished ; and though no one en tertained more respect than he did for the august person age at the head of the state, yet retrenchment ought to begin in the highest offices of the state. As to the naval and military expenditure, the squadrons on the coasts of Africa and Portugal should be withdrawn. If the govern ment had proposed a diminution of expenditure, had ex tended the probate and legacy duties to real property, and had lowered the duties on tea, their budget might have given some satisfaction. M'ENTEER then moved an amendment, to the effect that all government salaries ought to be reduced; but the amendment was rejected by an immense majority, and the original resolution was adopted. Mr. R. SHELL moved a resolution to the effect that the meeting disapproved any income tax which did not in chide a graduated scale for different amounts, and a large distinction between incomes drawn from property, and. those derived from trades or professions. lie thought a scale of the kind would prevent those enormous accu mulations of property which never did any good to their possessors or to the country. Mr. FERGUSON seconded the resolution. Mr. Joux TAYLOR moved an amendment, to the effect that the meeting entertained an objection to a tax on in comes derived from trades or professions, which was se conded by Mr. JOHN HASLEDEN ; but was rejected by an immense majority, which adopted the original resolution.. Mr. CHARLES HOLLAND proposed a resolution, to the effect that in a revision of taxation any deficiency of re venue should be made up by an extension of the probate and legacy duties on real property, and by the imposition. of other taxes on real estate, both in England and Ireland.. This motion was seconded by Mr. JAMES TilomsoN, and was carried unanimously. Mr. TODD moved the adoption of a petition embodying these resolutions, which was seconded by Mr. HAROLEA, LirrLEDALE, and carried unanimously. Mr. R. GLADSTONE proposed a vate of thanks to the Mayor, which was seconded by Mr. MOLYNEUX, and passed. The MAYOR returned thanks, and the meeting terminated after the proceedings had lasted two hours and a half. [On Friday evemng the petition was presented by Mr. Cardwell, when he told the House that the meeting "was h in point of nurabers, unprecedented in. LiVerpn9L' 0 . 1 ;7