The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-07-03 00:00:00

S UPP in which float countless numbers of thin, flat, red particles, of round or oval shape. The diameter of these red particles in the human blood is the 3,500 th part of an inch. In certain species of animals it is much smaller, and measures only a 12,000 th part of an inch. It follows, from these dimensions, that in a drop of human blood which would remain suspended from the point of a fine needle, there must be about 3,000,000 of discs, and in a like drop of the blood of the musk deer, there would be about 120,000,000 ; yet these corpuscules are rendered not only distinctly visible by the aid of the micro scope, but their forms and dimensions are rendered apparent. —Museum of Science and Art. HORTICULTURE. FLOWER GARDEN.-Stir the surface soil either after heavy rains or artificial waterings as often as may be necessary to keep it light and open ; but in doing this the roots of the plants which may be near the surface must not be disturbed. Should the weather become warm and dry see that the plants do not feel the want of moisture at the root. Thin out the shoots of herbaceous plants where crowded, and support those left with stakes before they get broken down, but avoid the too common practice of huddling a quantity of shoots to a single stake. Attend to the propagation of favourite hardy plants as cuttings can be procured, and endeavour to get a good stock of these things rooted while there is spare room, &c., at command; for the propagation of next season's bedding stock will soon require attention. Pansies are amongst the gayest of spring flowering plants, and if a good stock of cut tings can be got in now they will be found very useful for en livening the borders next spring. Cuttings of the young shoots root freely under a handglass in a shady situation, and if planted out in rich soil will make nice stocky plants in course of the autumn, and may be transplanted to where they are to flower any time before winter or in spring. See that roses are not being injured by green-fly or their enemy the " grub," If much infested with green-fly dip the shoots in to bacco-water, but if taken in time a good washing with the garden-engine will generally prove a cure. If not already done, get Brompton and Queen Stocks sown, selecting a bit of light open soil ; and attend to them with water until fairly up and well established, which will be necessary in order to have strong plants before winter. Persevere with mowing, the de struction of weeds, and other routine • work, and keep every corner clean and trim. FRIIIT.—See that the Morello cherry trees are not attacked by black fly, which is often troublesome on these at this season, and syringe with tobacco water and soap suds on the first ap pearance of the enemy, as, if neglected but for a short time, it is often difficult to eradicate, and greatly injures the trees. If syringing is found ineffectual in cleaning the trees, dip the points of the shoots in tobacco water. This is a somewhat tedious process, hoWever, particularly where the shoots are short, and will seldom be found necessary if syringing is done in time, and before the pest gets established. Look over the peach and nectarine trees, and remove any shoot not wanted which may have been left iu disbudding, and do not knowingly leave a single shoot which will not be wanted at nest nailing time. Also, attend to the timely stopping of breast wood and side shoots not wanted for laying in on wall and espalier trees generally, and the same attention should be afforded dwarf standards. The labour of keeping fruit trees in good order during the summer is not very considerable, and is well repaid in the improved appearance of the trees ; but careful summer management is essential if a fruitful habit is to be induced, and well ripened fruitful wood secured before winter; and all use less wood should be kept closely stopped throughout the sum mer. KITCHEN GARDEN.—Thin advancing crops, as carrots, onions, &c., early, and loosen up the surface of the ground after heavy rains. Give plenty of water to the planted out celery, and also to the plants in beds for succession crops.— Gardeners' Chronicle. FLowEn Poxs FOR Rooms.—Fill a pot with coarse moss of any kind, in the same manner as it would be filled with earth, and place a cutting or a seed in this moss; it will suc ceed admirably, especially with plants destined to ornament a drawing-room. In such a situation, plants grown in moss will thrive better than in garden mould, and possess the very great advantage of not causing dirt by the earth washing out of them when watered. . For transportation, plants rooted in moss are said to be better adapted on account of their light ness. The explanation of the practice seems to be this : that moss rammed into a pot, and subjected to continual watering, is soon brought into a state of decomposition, when it becomes a very pure vegetable mould which is the most proper of all materials in the growing of almost all kinds of plants. The moss would also not ,''retain more moisture than precisely the quantity best adapted to the absorbent powers of the root, a condition which can scarcely be obtained with any certainty by the use of earth.— The Field. AGRICULTURE. HOEING WHEAT.—Extirpate the weeds decidedly, but as the season is far advanced it is advisable not to hoe the corn deeply now, especially as the drought has continued so long, and the land is in sufficient pulverised state. All possible care and circumspection should, however, on the part of master and man be exercised in uprooting all kinds of weed as they appear now with a common dock spud. Old mother Earth will be busy in nurturing her offsprings for a mouth to come, and the weeds will assuredly come in for the greatest share of nourish ment from her resources, if we be not alive and watchful to our ,MENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STAN interests by uprooting them in due time before they have mastered our crops. It will be too late when then corn is in full ear to send in mischievous boys and girls, or even careful women or men, to repair the injury then. Some of our wheat crops, sown in 2-feet rows, at less than 1 peck to the acre, which were dug up deeply between, in Nov., Feb., and March, with Parkes' steel digging forks (admirally suited), are looking splendid and are admired by all who see them, and which, with some other experimented corn of several acres extent, we re spectfully submit to the notice of any agricultural friends who may feel disposed to come and see it.—Hardy and Son, Mal don, Essex. DAIRY FARMING. A valuable paper on butter-making and dairy ma nagement, by Mr. Thomas Scott, of Charing-cross, was read at the last meeting of the Royal Agricultural So ciety. The following extracts from it will prove in teresting to many of our readers : CHOICE OF Cows.—l am inclined to think, after many trials during the last thirteen years, that the old Irish and the Chan nel Island cows, crossed with the short-horns, make the two best butter producing animals, and are otherwise suitable for the dairy. The milking qualities in different animals of the same breed, are, however, so various, that I am inclined to trust more to good shapes as indexes of milking qualities, than to breed. Judgment and taste in selection are, therefore, more to be relied on. In Cheshire I had two Cows, a short horned and a cross-bred, of the same age and feeding together; the one gave 17 quarts of milk per day, which yielded only 18 ounces of butter; the other gave 10 quarts, which yielded 22 ounces, being nearly double the ratio of the former. This is a suggestive subject for the physiologist. As a rule, quantity of milk should be obtained for cheese making, and quality for butter. Quality in milk arises partly from the breed of the cow, partly from her physiological character, and partly from the food she obtains. When much thin milk is obtained, the quality of butter made from it is never so good in taste, colour, or solidity, as when made from richer milk. This I have found, arises from the excess of casein, and the greater diffi culty of totally extracting it from the butter. 'What remains produces sourness, unless counteracted by extra salting. It also forms air cells, which originate rancidity and decay. MODE OP TREATMENT.—The most important points to be attended to, are these : a good breed of cows ; proper food and abundance of it. Let the temperature of dairies always be re gulated by a thermometer, and kept at 50° to 60°, with proper ventilation, that the cream may not become musty ; and let them always be thatched, or, if slated, coated with lime-wash, as Mr. Mechi's buildings are, that the roofs may radiate and not absorb the sun's rays. Skim the cream off the milk in about 36 hours in summer, and 48 in winter, after milking, and churn in 48 hours afterwards ; put the cream into the churn at a temperature of 50', and after the butter is formed let the whole remain in the churn an hour to cool. When wrought up, either for sale fresh, or for putting in kegs and corning, let the hands of the person employed be continually dipped in cold spring water, and let the whole of the liquid be extracted and the residue left as compact as a deal board. Use no colouring—the fine Dutch and Epping butters of the Lon don market having no saffron, aunatto, or carrot juice in them ; avoid much and coarse salt—compression and solidity will keep out the air, and preserve corned butter; and the weight gained from adding salt at-a penny per lb. is doubly counter acted by the reduction in price. Neither apply hot water in making it up—it firms the butter, but impoverishes it of its best qualities, and spoils the flavour. A little more salt is, however, required in summer than in winter. Keep clear of turf smoke and potatoes, both of which readily communicate a bad flavour to butter, which is much complained of in the Cork market ; use white wood and not brown firkins ; and when the butter is packed, weigh it down with half a cwt. for a few hours before heading up. If these points are attended to any one in this country will at once succeed in rivalling the ' best Dutch or Friesland butter. To increase the quantity of butter cows must be soiled, and fed on more nutritive food than at present; they must never have to labour for their food. They must also be kept warm, and at an equal and well regulated temperature. Here, again, an eighteenpenny ther mometer must be hung up. I have also found au increase of milk to arise from giving cows wooden instead of stone or brick beds to lie upon. I tested this carefully on Mr. Neeld's estate, where they may still be seen in use. Never keep old cows—their milk is thin and poor; strip the cows thoroughly each time they are milked, as the last pint contains more but ter than the first quart. A tenant of Lord de Tabley's, who kept 45 cows only, and died a few years ago worth £30,000, often told me that he had made half of his fortune by daily 'seeing to this point for thirty years. Churn early in the morn ing, say at four o'clock, using a good churn and never contend ing with a bad one. If the cows are allowed to graze, change the pasture each time they are milked, as I have seen this pro duce the best results. If they are housed let them go loose if possible. CHESHIRE CHEESE.—No truer remark could be made than that contained iu the report of the Farming of Cheshire in 1808, by Dr. Holland. He says : " Many attempts have been made to imitate Cheshire cheese in other counties, but never successfully. Some brought their kine from Cheshire, others their dairy-women, but it doth appear they should have brought the land also." About seven years ago, the late Mr. Leigh, of Belmont, in Cheshire, tried to bring this knowlege more under our control, and carried out a system of weighing a large number of cows, weekly, on the principle Mr. Horsfall has now adopted ; but in consequences of his death, the under taking, I think, was abandoned, and I am not fully aware to , ARD. what result it led, as far as it went. as it is only through such detailed hope to acquire an exact knowledge guide us to fixed and accurate results, that bone-dizst applied to pasture . increase of cheese, and that coral Pr o butter; but when we learn from the food most rich in the materials ducts and plants, to the productioi applied, does not produce in them a their essential ingredients, we see th, furnish us with fixed and uniform rules linseed and other highly nitrogenoi to mulch cows, produce a greater anal do of oleaginous material or butter what chemistry would lead us to ex, HOUSEHOLD E POTTED BEEF.—Two pounds of with a little pepper and salt, and a suet on the top of the jar, tied down then beat in a mortar, and a little of to taste, then put in pots when cold, - - LEMON PIIDDING.—Take half a the rind of two lemons grated, and of six eggs, and half a pound of mei., mix the eggs with the butter till cold. .1109 4 1 the bottom of a dish, and bake it a q ui ' alo u o BEES.—Dr. de Beauvoys has itat,,,,d ni of l . ":ns," French Societe d'Acclimater a new Inu , P - 1 !Ono SP% from bees, without resorting to the erae hi ve's o ft f; them. The plan adopted is to subject tk e octl,ret of flax dipped in the salts of nitre, fLa/ the r 4 narcotic, depriving the bees temporaral" • il l : ment, but not destroying them. 0"/ 1C SPONGE Biscuirs.—The weight of to 00y dried and sifted; eight yolks of egg s ,,,',, solti sugar; the eight whites to be beaten A: o r .4% the yolks and sugar are well mixed, ""ge Od l e 7 ,0 degrees. Add two tablespoonfuls of orl s d i , ble g. 0 41 grated lemon peel, and about three fightbnitil e n lemon, to be all well beaten till it is fai t h j e o fe ', 0 1 ' oven will bake them in a few minutes . , o p t' 01 1- 4 d, the top of each cake before they are Pa' te reg 4:41 ,7 , 0 LEMON CREAM.—Beat the white of ° - s iael in a basin till it will hang round tit of V A d voiro bottom clear ; then put two or three sau' $ cre 11 # l, off a nice lemon, half a pint of fr( ounce of loaf sugar, beat altogetl take out the whisk and you will, top of the cream ; turn a hair si dish (see that the sieve is dry), drain ; whisk what remains in till get any froth from it, then grate into the basin, and add half a pint REMEDY FOR BGENS.—Dr. Reese, Hospital, New York, has been makir the best mode of healing burns and acute suffering. He has found that common dredging box, is one of remedies yet discovered. The est suffering, and the flour thus appl ie g wounds to the atmosphere. The e( remained open he dressed with li feather. Dr. Reese says the above 51 by fire, hot water, gunpowder, &c. , the practice at the hospital. t NORMANDY PIPPINS.—The b es " u ri let them lie in cold water a fe vi one pound of fruit put about for sugar, and let them stew gentlY This water in which they have lain' • common purposes, but it only r e q uu wine and more sugar to render them of refreshment.—The following ng mandy pippins may be found ram lie a few hours in a pan of cold orate; allowing for expansion, and in the wine and cloves ; then let them be oven, they will be found excellent preserve, or with boiled rice, cold or ORAN GE BISCITITS.—The orange Seville oranges, which must be 1301 gently ; and when they have been'. 1 water must be changed for fres h W times, till the oranges are vets t en ' good deal taken out of the peel; scrape the insides and seeds clean to be used, which must be weighed; onto pounded sugar to be taken; P 1 together till it is a smooth paste ; spread it very thinly upon the stand in a warm but net hot place may be cut with tin cuttets whates them upon fresh dishes, and let therahips The small pieces will make orange c vanges will make marmalade. theui orai~ F r i LIVERPOOL : Printed and Published every Tuesday :N. l ,g l T , „ s ,reF ROBERT PEARSON TACKER, 0, '," . 01 4 W 1 ' l STANDARD GENERAL PRINTINu, GEORGE'S CRESENT, Liverpool --TuescisY, ~kl 1 ;'% 4 4 ‘tt„ qo~ ''~ i 1~~ OP NI 7ee Dmi ir eAllif 011_ , 011 si ttf ) ; rob bo at ) the greor' e into r „ N se bo t. frO h 'lie ieVe the 1001 nji,kl par as g h ot v , ,,, bas 0, / w„ l ,b , e the P b er ev- i 4. '. `1, of fr es ~1 4 : 1 444Y b late P li f denV, 5% ex pel- 0 a ol td i r „,m t in. ai ds, 0 1, )1 4. 1 4 dse r , t a Koji ,l at t p carter p s i r o e e f t te a st bi la 0 swell ob S f fe l ter been 31 11' 11. of 480 0 4, r 1 4° 6 1 :4 4 1 1 iroli: 1 led Dime anon S o : itlic i on ol co a c e o , auhour it; , gej lf mode fires the . 3 , tep l if 4 t o' super ° pe,,i l al thed uf nie fli eel 't Ift \ 111.., ne ar _ ,k ire e?A r iel,iii. ter sun/ il por! i tel f ;6 :tt morrtifo ipe bake' t It t r e b lv is a c rp oi ts 4(111 00ed la a hilt boile d ter bit t fl I Teg ,1 th e 1 1 .f o i '11) O oi 11 ' :e erc".lt a of t t he il o , - - d) oa twic e roe $ O. the o- , b it tz dersid es pl O l4/ u the 11 yo g ti" shap.e ,ver I‘, Len, rem. obilo ' to i [ J U LY 3, I P r,F7 144, 1, be r) ti 4 t. TO i.q t° 010 #l,l 4 researclio 00, itit!')t of the means u. P,‘,„,11 t. We know): 014. land in ChesbnA %i,r14,. and in Cork, i;:hey! gliii 'rofessor Wstwo, i composing t he ,ici m of which 2!" A .k a corresponlor: 14CtilOtt, ;hat chernistrid `4,l ides for our g'F5O . NIS Substalleedy z,q mount of 0 !r, which Is to . rpe ct. 4 4, 1 ?COSOP'' 141 t , LU C° OA til beef pat '''',Pri tort $ little water.,,di 8(,,.1 vn and balteolior Sub )f the rayl/II (!tli cl, and a little 4 00 ,Ip pound of of . e ?, kip', the ce oi f" lted butter. ; 00 i 0 . old. PS $ ,c; iloastguriePal(l' el' I :::.r: method 01;0' kt'a., 1 Ot mi he eve. p to , , ~,,, ~. hlC e ^,„ 0 1 p , (11) Irr .4 No ~~,