The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1852-12-21 00:00:00

ariberp,o,al filitVarV. TUESDAY ING, DEC. 21, 1852 WEEK e been the occ t wed old rec I tape school STRANG in the world of pol le policy ion upon t 1 en attem I on eve whose desire to see the of office, ar nd eventful z to as .1 to Ito d in modern days—: by men in Parlia of detail, ft er a I by a majo er save the , or run, 3omous agree'. rA nrrv , o&ri ir rf boiind to G ) form v-"i1 will show. risis, and c [elect a Born 11 n T•r• 1 of wisdcur M 3 to de whicu toucues Lae own- nd small he 3 litre i a tew of the ii :g 01 the ( 1 on the been ne en, or o ce upon such a ho is he?—Mr. LA:WR n. One of t ed to pst a certainty a o by a tax of 1 is. ur the rewa which the w ment a and halo taxation — in Great B more pc, NAPOL tration an brought to m During course of 1 some clic to ao sociation a for their dis ers anci a OA objection others, we. and obviot By the bye, that malt which the ,e conc Name BOUM' rejected however, a plid—of a s olde almost a clean s ov,use 2,500,000 The nights are v No fairy takes, 1 3emora' ved CIIRI signified Christina mon tOt et in the ion of We have a e nron e Lilldf of co alread, tprot)atio to etcou .rice 'Wt .erm yu lied in variot those which remair ouses, and buildings w attendance I] branch of misletoe suspcn the mos glorious eye of t meeting, the r made doubly y 3 festival, do It is interesting, on an which have tak hundred years which hav able writer on ti If we revert to the was celebrated, it was lemn ierformed. They world B sion in c that LIE ye of all our warm etuott )last a of opinion, o: Ot CIA'S place du bridged f est period at which this festi bad been called from amid t round them, as the instruments of a Divine ch t only support e deep convici ho had called them was with them always the Jew they were listened to with hate, not unn - in: while the Roman heard them with a vror with fear , blended with contempt, and, believing only in the m, rial power which springs from numbers and wealth, sa they were poor, and despised them—few, and laughed them to scorn. But, hated or despised, the earlier successors of the Apostles toiled on, and met on the birthday of their Divine Master with far other thoughts than those of fes tivity. In an obscure chamber, filled with the mean and poorly clad,with simple prayer and exhortati , energy in the good work, we may suppo tians to have kept the season of Christma.. "We descend the roll of time, to the period iv. believers in the Word have become too numerous , despised, too strong to be scorned. They are feareu Prefect and by Emperor ; and old Pagan Rome, under the. rule of a DIOCLETIAN, is aroused to persecution. All the powm of the State is directed against them ; they are im pn.soned, tortured, beheaded. They supply the place of eruninala, who were thrown to the ferocious beasts in the to increased se the early Chris- A few grains of incense thrown on a Pagan altar, the slightest acknowledgment of the Pagan creed, would scorn all evasion, and crown a life of toil with a death of martyrdom. This is no time for joy or festival; for,though among the Christians are men of wealth and station, the persecution has been unsparing and almost save them; but the exterminating. What could have been the keeping of Christmas at such a time as this ? The meeting thinned in numbers, weighed down by the sadness of grief, and to separate by stealth and in darkness. am over centuries, with all their mighty collected in secret We pass changes, and find the vas .on to the time, clog, a 3 countr ,rly to the young, is t THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, T Imperial power of once P Rome scattered in fragments, while the capital b, the centre of a spirit teal dominion almost as wide, and far one of the C RS has become the seat of a descendant of the APOSTLES, and the ter honour of Pagan deities have become All is changed, and lost persecuted is the centre of its worship re the faith wa . from w nce it dictates to the Kings of Christendom, up another, The early heresies have been e snlendi hose destined to rend the in t yet in futurit with all th wealth ca its ceremonis re and of the fe niversa] for the fut Another str' The old system I e a new d and that not a Worldly rn have penetrated her saneturor I places , _ A, of croc crafty poli 'en dead. One Pope can co " fable" of Christianit at blessi can exclaim, The same s As the Christian urchase, so Is one of pomp and magnificence, with robe igh festiv ed by the holiday, a :h grateful hearts remember the past, enjoy and there is not so striking as the former o iot been destroyed, but it has under- otter one. The e has decreased. her high for which the ambitious There is pro- , nt, but faith atulate him- gathered to the Church by the and another, while giving the " How easy is it to delude the people l' Lt prevails througho takes careful note t ctuall y rendered silenced by fire, but the LUTHER has de Ilse of the fait? to listen to 1 to the voice f. She deer ens the same Ice .val of but a fe broken, and the fairest Id n the comniunion iven to nobles, , take all they ca Bishops exact and the mitred abbot tithes ute of fowl There are, however, ours abroad. The teachers of strange doc- opinions are us practices , and kings and out, and proudly clings to her o defy all at- There is ming at her gates, for which the poor 1. the last to change, is the celebration as of old. of the West is s of who, like the but, unlike it, render nothing They toll and tithe, but do not teach. The cd ; a dark and gloomy .ettling down upon them that breaks out in And their hate is endowed —every whether of saint or warrior—perish be- and hammer of " ieono ast profanation." it all the of life—as if cheerfulness of he Festivals and holidays are no more, almost the memory of them has departed from the land, a cold, un genial, mirth-destroying race! Against Christmas are they specially envenome , of Papistry, is expunged from the cal ae, as savour:: ar ; but as the st con day r caned for c e, and rents are to be received, it may be niencc CHRIST-Tin No celebration Lave, it is shorn of all its cLeer, and, in gloom and kness of soul, Heaven, for all its good, is " thanked ss," by tl mbibed their theology from a But a better spirit has been awakened out of the chats of conflicting opinions. The Church of England has purified, not uni.y from the superstitions of Rome, tau. sl,rumly of the Puritano , awN CL.lestm..o.c, ioly associations, has become a reasonable gratitude; and an age not long past saw e or pi brated with an al ndance of hospitality and a u 1 diffusion of good cheer which made it a season of was looked for. and to by old and ,n which a 1 a share, and a celebra- ch knit in closer union t when the found it more give than to receive, and t e poor willingly ac- by kind ess. But we come to our own time ; and every age has its peculiar spirit—its dominant influence. The charities of life are adowed by the cloud of religions bigotry ; faiths, oftentimes indifferent to now overs we are tolera of o the lour own ; but the sou% and hearts of far too many are by a worship as deadening, and more sordid, ch that ch blinded the Puritans to so r was kindly and cheering. The pursuit of wealth engrosses and distracts ; bigotry trampled down the flowers that strew the path of life, but the spirit of Mammon does not In such an age the recurrence of a In to g that brings with it ;associations of a better and nature than are linked with the daily life of the hat is so n in its memories, yet cheering in its .red circle—is surely to be hailed with thankUners us trust that On — he around us rho have been West 1 not be unmindful of the really and truly laid aside, both in thought as well as deed, and that all will cordially join in celebrating the festival of Christmas in that spirit of universal love which so specially belongs to it. The only way to receive en- nest is in the bop a all our ,e participators in those belonging to on, we conclude by wishing each and every of them ,ders will be la MERRY CHRISTMAS educated and generous congregation, by everything to gladden and cheer a pastor's heart, and with very few poor to assist—have yet at their command a gold-filled art or visage was a I treasury Is this mysterious inequality to last much longer ? Will the wealthy merchants of this town see their clergy strug gling under the weight of a poverty-stricken district, with out one hand to help ? Will the richer clergy of the town see their brethren toiling on a parching and burning waste-land of sin and iniquity and cruel want, without one wish to succour ? No—no ; we cannot believe it. We feel assured it has only to be known, and a million hearts will rush to the rescue ; that the clergy in the lower districts will have their coffers filled to overflowing, giving them fresh vigour and strength for their work. Liverpool, Dec. 16, 1852. I am, Sir, &c. CLERICUS ST. PETER'S CHURCH. LIVERPOOL. To the EDITOR of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD, Sia,—l shall he obliged by your correcting in your next number a mistake, respecting St. Peter's Church, which appeared in a letter addressed to you last week by a Subscriber. The shilling that was demanded of the lady in question, was the fee for the Churching, to which the Rector is entitled, and not for accommodation in a cushioned-pew. Nothing is charged for a sitting in a pew. Respectable persons are put in a cushioned-sect, in con sideration of their situation, and of them only is the fee demanded. Nothing is taken from those among the poorer classes who are placed in the free-seats, And out of more than G,OOO Churchings in the year. probably not more than two or three hundred females pay Churching fees. The Sexton has nothing to do with the fee,—he is only accountable to the Rector for it. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, THOS. HALTON Great George-square, Dec. 16, 1852. TAXES ON KNOWLEDGE UNDER the aim To begin w Side an agitation has been renewed, e object of obtaining the Repeal of the various levied on Paper, Advertisements, and Newspapers. the Advertisement duty : While it is rsally acknowledged that one of the greatest t taxation is the inequality and injustice of Te is, perhaps, no fax levied which is more sub- than the duty on advertise- pers, the poor servant to make known his want of a situ to ppy the same amount for his three or four 3 this unj Of those 1: out of place, .re. alike even tltousa ican ne btest dou Tted in news company pays for its column or more. evil, for ingenuity is devising other publicity, where the liability to pay evaded; and newspapors, which have to rely upon as a source of profit, as well as the Exche 3ufferers. If we look at the hundreds, and , of advertisements in the columns of the papers, where no duty is imposed, and are them with those in Erlland, there cannot be the at the duty has operated as a most fie means of ex- and promoting the convenience of the the interior of railway carriages, and utside of onanibu ses, are thickly covered with an- cement desmen, ships to sail, auctions, public things lost and found, &e., none of which pay while the newspaper, which would give them far more pul;licity, is neglected, from the simple fact that the, duty is sigh, and beyond all reason unequal Th 3 repeal of the paper duty, though one less pressing than the foregoing, has been advocated on several rrr-oinds, each of them entitled to the serious considera tion of the Government. As an Excise duty, pressing directly upon an important branch of our Home Manufac- . . it was some years since recommended for abolition, by a Committee of the House of Commons. Its repeal would also operate as a boon to the agricultural interest, for being usually carried on in rural districts, it would sed employment to the youthful portion of the peasant population. It would open up sources of trade by being applied to articles of manufacture, from which it is now debarred by the restrictions of the Excise. It would effectually prevent those fraudulent practices, which it Las been shown cau be so easily perpetrated in the pnper manufacture, to the injury of the honest trader; at; , .l it would tend, in a material degree, to promote the circu:ation of cheap literature of a more wholesome character than the poisonous trash which now forms the staple of the reading for the masses. It has been shown, in the instance of Messrs. Chambers, that the paper duty 111911 C coropelled them t 9 diMutinuc the publication of a FOREIGN NEWS. FRANCE THE EMPIRE The Senate made no scruple, at the Emperor's bidding, to fix the civil list at 25,000,000 francs (X 1,000,000 ster ling). With respect to the new constitution, however, they have expressed a desire for modificatiow, which itis believed will not be conceded by Louis Napoleon. In financial affairs it has been officially announced by the Monileur, that there is a deficit of 40,000,000 francs in the budget of the year 1852. M. Achille Fould has been appointed " Minister of State and of the Household of the Emperor." Prince Napoleon, son of the Ex-King of Westphalia, who it is now pretty certain will have the place and title of Lieutonnnt of the Emperor in Algeria, is already occu pied in forming the personnel of his administration. His preferences seem, from old recollections, to turn towards his former political friends ; and the person who will Very probably fill the office of secretary-general is M. de Tol joet, one of the former colleagues of M. Emile Girardin. He is said also to have expressed a wish that General de Lamoiiciere or General Changarnier should be offered the command of the army ; to which, it is added, the Emperor has acceded. The Assemblle Nationale of Thursday states that the forest of Breteuil, belonging to the successors of Louis Philippe, was sold the previous day by auction, for nearly four millions of ifranca, which is considered a high price ; that two other estates of the family were sold by private contract, and that agreements for the sale of the remain ing property are all but signed. There has been some hard fighting in Algeria between the troops and the Arabs. Laghonat has been captured, and it is believed that the chief was among the slain. When the last despatch of General Pelisser was sent off, on the 6th instant, he stated that the fighting was not over. He was in possession of the citadel, but the troops were slaughtering the natives in the gardens of the town. The 111 - waiver states that the rumour respecting a projected conversion of the Four-and-a-Half per Cents is erroneous. SPAIN. Accounts from Madrid of the 11th inst. state that the Duke of Valencia returned from Aranjuez the evening before, and left in the night for Bayonne, on his way to Vienna, whither he has been despatched on a special and urgent mission. Previous to his departure the Duke signed the manifesto of the combined oppositions. It is said in Paris, on the authority of letters from Madrid, that General Narvaez has received orders not to take Paris on his way, or, if he does so, that he is not to remain more than 24 hours in the French capital. His expulsion is stated to be the work of Queen Christina, who has not forgiven his refusal, when Minister, to pro pose to the Cortes to raise her children by Munoz to the dignity of Princes and Princesses of the blood. Letters from Madrid of the 14th instant informs us that the ministry of Bravo Murillo exists no longer. General Roncali, called on by the Queen, has formed a cabinet as follows :—Roncali, Premier and Minister for Foreign Affairs ; General Lara, War ; General Mirasol, Marine ; Vehey, Justice; Avitizabal, Finance ; and Lorente, Interior. We learn from Madrid, by letter dated October 11th, that Lord Howden had a narrow escape in his journey from Bayonne. The diligence ran with great force against the bridge of Bultrago, and one of the wheels was actually over the parapet. The front part of the diligence was a good deal damaged, and it required the efforts of 20 men to extricate it from its position. His lordship received no injury. ITALY. Edward Murray has been removed from the prison of Ancona, and sent towards Rome, whence it is inferred that he will be transferred to a new place of incarceration, viz., the Castle of Palliano, an ancient feudal hold of the Colonna family, in the mountains between Palestrina and Anagni, near the Neapolitan frontier, which has been established by the government as a place of detention for political offenders. AUSTRIA.—A telegraphic message from Vienna, an nouncing the departure of the Emperor for Berlin, has given occasion for a variety of conjectures. By some it is supposed to have reference to the re-establishment of the empire, while others think it has to do with the settlement of the Zollverein question. severe Great Britain, afford for meet by way of protect impose the pe: throug the pos be devoted to the subject lo m thence a Altar, cr men e. s of life, is .ge circulation, small work, which had reached a very lar the difference of duty in the cost of the material consti tuting the sole basis of any profit—a disadvantage which is met in trashy works by the inferior quality of the ma terials employed, which would be altogether unsuited to a work of higher pretensions. The question of the stamp on newspapers is one that must be considered on grounds altogether different from the foregoing. There can be no doubt that it operates as a serious burden upon the publishers of these indispen sable means of diffusing political knowledge, by compelling them to charge a price which operates as a great restriction upon their circulation. At the same time, it must be admitted that some restriction is necessary to secure the large capital, which is necessarily embarked in the conduct of an efficient newspaper, from unfair and ruinous com petition. The licentiousness and scurrility of the press in America, and the necessity which has been found in France, Germany, and Spain, to curb this tendency by trictions, such as would not be submitted to in Jme guarantee sufficient proof that SP is requisite for the responsibility of those who are en trusted with the important duty of directing public opinion and recording public events. The difficulty, however, is not insurmountable, and several plans have been suggested an equitable manner. Of these we may a direct tax upon the proprietor of each news- paper; another is the deposit of a sum of money as security, r of caution money ado cl in France; a third suggests the reduction of the stamp to a half-penny, which would operate equally as well as the present amount while a fourth proposition is to y stamp only on newspapers transmitted In either case the duties first mentioned are of far more pressing consequence, and ere long the attention of the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER must CORRESPONDENCE. ressed to the Editor should be accompanied by the e writer, not for publication, but ; this is indispensably requisite in an'}• statement of facts. The Editor wishes it to be understood that he does not hold himself responsible for the opinions or statements of his correspondents. THE CLERGY IN WANT OF RELIEF FUNDS IN THE LOWER DISTRICTS To the EDITOR of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD, d and heart-rending appeals for help from the huge masses of poverty in the lower districts of this town force us earnestly to beg the influence of your paper in behalf of the frightfully trifling funds placed at the disposal of the clergy who minister in the abodes of d and unmitigated wretchedness, and in behalf of the clergy who in the chamber of a dying husband and father are pitifully entreated to satisfy the hunger of 'en, soon to be bereaved of the only means of support. What we desire to see, and what we desire you to hasten, is the formation of a general fund into which shall be poured all the monthly sacramental offerings, and 11 be voted quarterly (by a committee ap pointed for that purpose) certain sums of money to the various clergy, for the relief of their poor in; the number and state of the distressed in their several districts. Cannot you imagine the depressed spirits and the bleeding heart of a feeling clergyman placed in such a district as St. Thomas's, St. Barnabas's, or St. Simon's, surrounded by everything in the shape of ghastly poverty and sharp affliction, yet unable, from the funds of THE CHURCH, to smooth and cheer the comfortless bed of death, or stay the cry of famishing orphans, while clergy- 2rOpOrtiOn to here—surrounded by high respectability, by an us become ;e, thong lave be the ga 'eak, or self on the vast temporal There the and fish be p Igo me spreading tack, for s will bless her severed fro in return spirit of a hatred of all priest material symb neath the axe UESDAI, DECEMBER 21, 1852. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICA. By the Royal Mail Steam-ship America, which arrived in the Mersey at 9-15 a.m. yesterday (Monday), we have advices from New York to the 7th, and from Boston to the Bth Instant. The America brought 60 passengers and 43'325,000 in specie on freight. - The steam-ship Niagara arrived at Halifax on 10th inst. The steam-ship Europa, Shannon, commander, arrived at New York on the 2d instant. Telegraphic advices from New Orleans to the 4th inst., state that great excitement existed at Tampico, in conse quence of a formidable revolution which had broken out in the state of Tamaulipas. The city of Victoria, the capital of the state, had been captured by the revolu tionists, who were hourly expected to attack Tampico. The pilot boat Yankee, No. 7, was lost on the 3rd instant, while laying to under a double reefed mainsail, 35 miles east of Sandy Hook. One wheel of the caloric-ship Ericsson had been moved by the aid of the natural elasticity of the air, no fire being used. The trial trip bad not taken place. We have intelligence from Havana to the 30th ult. According to the New York Herald the slave-trade was very active. Purser Smith, of the Crescent City, having apologised, the Captain-General bad accepted his apology. The British Consul having charged a number of American seamen with being employed in the slave-trade, they had been apprehended. The old stock of sugar was much reduced. Prices had advanced. Exchange on London 111 to 12 prem. CONGRESS.—The Second Session of the Thirty-second Congress opened at the Capitol on Dec. 6, when the Message of President Fillmore was delivered. We sub join the most important features of— • THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. The message of President Fillmore which is dated Dec. 6, commences with an allusion to the recent Presidential Election, congratulating the nation on its having been effected by the independent suffrages of a free people. The President then makes the usual acknowledgments to Providence, and proceeds to treat of THE FISHERIES QUESTION. "In the course of the last Summer, considerable anxiety was caused for a short time by an official intima tion from the Government of Great Britain that orders had been given for the protection of the fisheries upon the coasts of the British Provinces in North America against the alleged encroachments of the fishing vessels of the United States and France. The shortness of this notice and the season of the year seemed to make it a matter of urgent importance. It was at first apprehended that an increased naval force bad been ordered to the fishing grounds to carry into effect the British interpreta tion of those provisions in the Convention of 1818, in re ference to the true intent of which the two Governments differ. It was soon discovered that such was not the de sign of Great Britain, and satisfactory explanations of the real objects of the measure have been given both here and in London. " The unadjusted difference, however, between the two Governments as to the interpretation of the first article of the convention of 1818 is still a matter of importance. American fishing vessels within nine or ten years have been excluded from waters to which they had free access for twenty-five years after the negotiation of the treaty. In 1845, this exclusion was relaxed so far as concerned the Bay of Fundy, but the just and liberal intention of the Home Government, in compliance with what we think the true construction of the convention, to open all the outer bays to our fishermen, was abandoned, in conse quence of the opposition of the colonies. Notwithstand ing this, the United States have, since the Bay of Fundy was re.opened to our fishermen in 1845, pursued the most liberal course toward the colonial fishing interests. By the revenue law of 1846, the duties on colonial fish enter ing our ports were very greatly reduced, and by the ware housing act it is allowed to be entered in bond without payment of duty. In this way colonial fish has acquired the monopoly of the export trade in our market, and is entering to some extent into the home consumption. These facts were among those which increased the sensi bility of our fishing interest, at the movement in question. " These circumstances and the incidents above alluded to have led me to think the moment favourable for a reconsideration of the entire subject of the fisheries on the coast of the British provinces, with a view to place them upon a more liberal footing of reciprocal privilege. A willingness to meet us in some arrangement of this kind is understood to exist on the part of Great Britain, with a desire on her part to include in one comprehensive settle ment, as well this subject as the commercial intercourse between the United States and the British provinces." THE DISPUTES AT HAVANA. " The affairs of Cuba formed a prominent topic in my last Annual Message. They remain in an uneasy con dition, and a feeling of alarm and irritation on the part of the Cuban authorities appears to exist. This feeling has interfered with the regular commercial intercourse between the United States and the island, and led to some acts of which we have a right to complain, But the Captain- General of Cuba is clothed with no power to treat with foreign governments, nor is he in any degree under the control of the Spanish Minister at Washington. Any com munication which he may hold with an agent of a foreign power is informal and matter of courtesy. Anxious to put an end to the existing inconveniences, (which seemed to rest on a misconception,) I directed the newly-appointed Minister to Mexico to visit Havana, on his way to Vera Cruz. He was respectfully received by the Captain-Gene ral, who conferred with him freely on the recent occur rences ; but no permanent arrangement was effected. " In the meantime, the refusal of the Captain-General to allow passengers and the mail to be landed in certain cases, for a reason which does not furnish, in the opinion of this Government, even a good presumptive ground for such a prohibition, has been made the subject of a serious remonstrance at Madrid ; and I have no reason to doubt that due respect will be paid by the government of Her Catholic Majesty to the representations which our Minis ter has been instructed to make on the subject." ANNEXATION OF CUBA. _ " Early in the present year, official notes were received from the ministers of France and England, inviting the government of the United States to become a party with Great Britain and France to a tripartite convention, in virtue of which the three powers should severally and collectively disclaim, now and for the future, all intention to obtain possession of the Island of Cuba, and should bind themselves to discountenance all attempts to that effect on the part of any power or individual whatever. This invi. tation has been respectfully declined, for reasons which it would occupy too much space in this communication to state in detail, but which led me to think that the proposed measure would be of doubtful constitutionality, impolitic, and unavailing. I have, however, in common with several of my predecessors, directed the ministers of France and England to be assured that the United States entertain no designs against Cuba; but that, on the contrary, I should regard its incorporation into the Union at the present time as fraught with serious peril." Having alluded to the difficulties of arranging with Mexico for the protection of a transit way across the isthmus of Tehuantepec, the President proceeds to inform Congress as to affairs with NICARAGUA. "The settlement of the question respecting the port of San Juan de Nicaragua, and'of the controversy between the Republics of Costa Rica and Nicaragua in regard to their boundaries, was considered indispensable to the commencement of the ship canal between the two oceans, which was the subject of the convention between the United States and Great Britain of the 19th of April, 1850. Accordingly a proposition for the same purposes, addressed to the two governments in that quarter, and to the Mosquito Indians, was agreed to in April last by the Secretary of State and the Minister of Her Britannic Majesty. Besides the wish to aid in reconciling the differences of the two Republics, I engaged in the negoti ation from a desire to place the great work of a ship canal between the two oceans under one jurisdiction, and to establish the important port of San Juan de Nicaragua, under the government of a civilized power. The pro position in question was assented to by Costa Rica and the Mosquito Indians. It has not proved equally accept able to Nicaragua, but it is to be hoped that the further negotiations on the subject which are in train will be carried on in that spirit of conciliation and compromise which ought always to prevail on such occasions, and that they will lead to a satisfactory result." The President then refers to the negotiations with Venezuela, Buenos Ayres, and the republic of Uruguay. The aext subject is the disputes as to THE LOBOS ISLES. " The correspondence of the late Secretary of State with the Peruvian Charge d'Affaires, relative to the Lobos Islands, was communicated to Congress toward the close of the last session. Since that time, on further investi gation of the subject, the doubts which had been entertained of the title of Peru to those islands have been removed, and I have deemed it just that the temporary wrong which had been unintentionlally done her, from want of information, should be repaired by an unreserved ac knowledgment of her sovereignty." " I have the satisfaction to inform you that the course pursued by Peru has been creditable to the liberality of her Government. Before it was known by her that her title would be acknowledged at Washington, her Minister of Foreign Affairs had authorized our Charge d'Affaires at Lima to announce to the American vessels which had gone to the Lobos for guano, that the Peruvian Govern ment was willing to freight them on its own account. This intention has been carried into effect by the Peruvian Minister here, by an arrangement which is believed to be advantageous to the parties interested." THE EXPEDITION TO JAPAN The President alludes to the anxiety to extend com mercial relations with Asia, and to promote an intercourse between that quarter and their ports on the shores of the Pacific. He then refers to the expedition to Japan as follows :—" I have accordingly been led to order an ap propriate naval force to Japan, under the command of a discreet and intelligent officer of the highest rank known to our service. He is instructed to endeavour to obtain from the government of that country some relaxation of the inhospitable and anti-social system which it has pur sued for about two centuries. He has been directed par ticularly to remonstrate in the strongest language against the cruel treatment to which our shipwrecked mariners have often been subjected, and to insist that they shall be treated with humanity, He is instructed, however, at the same time, to give that government the amplest assurances that the objects of the United States are such and such only as I have indicated, and that the expedition is friendly and peaceful. Notwithstanding the jealousy with which the governments of Eastern Asia regard all over tures from foreigners, I am not without hopes of a benefi cial result of the expedition. Should it be crowned with success, the advantages will not be confined to the United States, but, as in the case of China, will be equally en joyed by all the other maritime powers. I have much satisfaction in stating that in all the steps preparatory to this expedition, the government of the United States have been materially aided by the good offices of the King of the Netherlands, the only European power having any commercial relations with Japan.' After some allusions to minor matters, the President proceeds to the more important subject of THE NATIONAL FINANCES. " The cash receipts into the treasury for the fiscal year, ending the 30th June last, exclusive of trust funds, were 8'49,728,386 89, and the expenditure for the same period, likewise exclusive of trust funds, were 546,007,896 20 ; of which 89,455,815 83 was on account of the prin cipal and interest of the public debt, including the last instalment of the indemnity to Mexico, under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, leaving a balance of $14,632,136 37 in the treasury on the Ist day of July last. Since this latter period, further purchases of the principal of the public debt have been made to the extent of $2,456,547 49. and the surplus in the treasury will continue to be ap plied to that object, whenever the stock can be procured within the limits, as to price, authorised by law. The value of foreign merchandise imported during the last fiscal year was .5207,240,101 ; and the value of domestic pro ductions exported was $149,861,911; besides $17,204,026 of foreign merchandise exported; making the aggregate of the entire exports 5167,065,937 ; exclusive of the above there was exported 842,507,295 imported from foreign ports $-5,262,643 n specie ; and PROTECTIONIST POLICY. " In my first annual message to Congress, I called your attention to what seemed to me some defects in the pre sent tariff, and recommended such modifications as in my judgment were best adapted to remedy its evils, and pro mote the prosperity of the country. Nothing has since occurred to change my views on this important question. " Without repeating the arguments contained in my former message in favour of discriminating protective du ties, I deem it my duty to call your attention to one of two other considerations affecting this subject. Tho first is the effect of large importations of foreign goods upon our currency. Most of the gold of California, as fast as it is coined, finds its way to Europe, in payment for goods purchased. In the second place, as our manufacturing establishments are broken down by competition with foreigners, the capital invested in them is lost, thousands of honest and industrious citizens are thrown out of em ployment, and the farmer, to that extent, is deprived of a home market for the sale of his surplus produce. In the third place, the destruction of our manufactures leaves the foreigner without competition in our market, and he consequently raises the price of the article sent here for sale, as is now seen in the increased cost of iron imported from England. The prosperity and wealth of every nation must depend upon its productive industry. The farmer is stimulated to exertion by finding a ready market for his surplus products, and benefited by being able to ex change them, without loss of time or expense of transpor tation, for the manufactures which his comfort or conve nience require. This is always done to the best advantage where a portion of the community in which he lives is engaged in other pursuits. But most manufactures re quire an amount of capital and practical skill which cannot be commanded unless they be protected for a time from ruinous competition from abroad. Hence the necessity of laying those duties upon imported goods which the constitution authorises for revenue, in such a manner as to protect and encourage the labour of our own citizens. Duties, however. should not be fixed at a rate so high as to exclude the foreign article, but should be se graduated as to enable the domestic manufacturer fairly to compete with the foreigner in our own markets, and by this com petition to reduce the price of the manufactured article to the consumer to the lowest rate at which it can be pro duced. This policy would place the mechanic by the side of the farmer, create a mutual interchange of their respec tive commodities, and thus stimulate the industry of the whole country, and render us independent of foreign na tions for the supplies required by the habits or necessities of the people." The other subjects treated of in the Message are but of minor importance on this side the Atlantic. The general condition of Indian affairs is believed to be improving ; universal emigration of the Seminoles from Florida is confidently expected at an early day. The amount of land sales for the fiscal year has been 1,553,071 acres ; locations with bounty land warrants, 3,201,314 acres ; of locations with other certificates, 115,682 acres; of appropriation for internal improvements, railroads, &c., 3,025,920 acres. For the quarter ending 30th September the aggregate of land disposed of was 4,181,258 acres, of which 1,317,116 acres were located with bounty land warrants. _ In regard to the Mexican Boundary Commission, it is stated that the survey of the Gila has been completed, but that the survey of the Rio Grande has been suspended in consequence of defects in the existing law. The efforts during the year to restrain the incursions of the Indians into Mexico, it is said have been unusually successful. Considerations are presented in favour of a plan to be submitted by the Secretary of the Navy for the establish. ment of a permanent corps of seamen, and for the organization of the Naval Academy. The receipts for postages during the past year, in consequence of the reduction of the rates, have been 5'1,431,69S less than during the preceding fiscal year, being a decrease of about 23 per cont. The President, however, anticipates that, if the present law is retained, the receipts will ultimately exceed the expenses. The attention of Congress is again called to special recommendations of various other measures made in previous messages, and the document closes with a clear and powerful vindication of adhering in all great essentials to the Liberal-Conservative policy of the fathers of the Republic. MEXICO.—Dates from the City of Mexico to the 10th ult. announce that all the Tehuantepec propositions are to be published, and their decision left to Congress. Accounts from Sonora report that Couna De Boulbon had rebelled, and that a battle had been fought with the government troops under General Blanco, in which the latter was defeated. The State of Aguas Calientes had pronounced in favour of the plan of Gaudalajara, and contributed large quantities of arms to the revolutionists. The authorities of Orizaba were treating v ith the insurgents at Vera Cruz; and probably would surrender to the latter. At Mazatin, two vessels of war, which were sent from Acapulco to blockade the port, had joined the insurgents. WEST INDIES.—By the Conway, arrived at Savannah, we have dates from Jamaica to the 25th, at which time the yellow fever was rapidly disappearing. BUENOS AYRES.—A letter, dated Oct. 2, says that it was proposed that Mr. Pendleton, the American Charge d'Affaires, should meditate between Urquiza and the Buenos A:yreans. The revolution had seriously interfered with trade, and the Custom House and all the stores were closed for three days. LIST OF PASSENGERS.—From Boston : Mr. Calvert and daughter, C. G. Loving and lady, G. M. Farnum, U.S. Consul at Mauritius, Mr. J. L. Clarke, bearer of despatches to London, Master J. G. C. Dodge, Mr. W. Moodie, R. Mitchele, G. F. Bertman, L. A. Dowley, Captain Drummond, 42d Regiment, C. J. Loving, jun., Master G. A. Goddard, M. Hermann, J. Bailie, W. C. Evans, T. Morland, J. J. Jachimson, Dr. B. L. Bale, Edwin Eagle, lady, and daughter, G. L. Jones, W. Gil mour, S. H. Herpin, P. Ethepare, D. Spencer, J. Van Cott, 0. Spencer, H. James, M. 011endorf, A. Drysdale, H. W. King, C. Gardner, T. Derivan, W, S. Rowland, R. Rowland, lady, and son, O'Connor. Andrews, T. Marquis, John Watt, F. Schweitering, W. Wilder, S. Sutlet, G. Avery, Parker, 0. C. Henderson, Dr. Grundy, and Peachcroft. From Halifax : Miss Deblois, G. Hughes, Holderness, M'Gregor, Gilbert, M'Kenzie, M'Nalt, Grindon, and Bennett. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORE, Dec. 7 MONEY MARKET. — Stocks are advancing in price, and a large business is being transacted. Money continues abundant, but there is no change in the rates. In foreign exchange there is a fair demand, at the following rates : Bills on London, 110 to 110$; on Paris, 5 13- ; and on Hamburg, 36k to 361. COTTON.—The sales of the four days past amount to 7,500 bales, without change from the rates last advised. Nothing of interest has occurred in relation to this sub ject since the sailing of the last steamer, except the ad vance in freights at the south, which is about equivalent to the decline in cotton. At Eqc. and /d. freight, and 7 per cent exchange, it being no better for the shipper than 91c., Ad. freight, and Si to 9 per cent, the rate of October. Strict Liverpool Classification. Atlantic Other Ports. Florida. Gulf Ports. Low to good ord — to to to Low to Food mid.... Mid. fair to fair —10 i.... —10 k.... 10i 11 Fully fair to good fair...lol 0 nominal. nominal. Inferior nominal. nominal. nominal. Tho last advises from New Orleans (4th instant), give the sales of the day at 9,000 bales. prices ir regular, strict middling, nc.—(Froin W. P. IT rwhi's Circular, of December 7th.)---The southern markets during the week u: der review have been active, but at receding prices for cotton, and advancing rates of freight. Estimates of the crop from the south continue upon figures above 3,000,000 bales, and there is quite a disposition to raise the estimates here. From New Orleans, by the latest mail dates, I learn that all, even the smallest, tributaries to the Mississippi are in navigable condition, and from remote points, whence cot ton was not received last year until April and May, the receipts this season have been already quite free, The following is a statement of the movement in cotton since the Ist of September last, as compared with the previous three years : 1852 1851 1850 1849 Receipts into the ports 864,000 560,000 520,000 560,000 Exports to Great 13ritain 306,000 177,000 192,000 131,000 „ France 42,000 73,000 73,000 61,000 „ other foreign ports 46,000 27,000 42.000 35,000 Total exports Stock on band 410,000 152,000 271,000 343,000 From which it will be seen that the excess in receipts now amounts to 304,000 bales ; the increase in exports to Great Britain, 129,000 ; other foreign ports, 19,000. Decrease to France, 31,000. Total increase in exports, 117,000 bls. BREADSTUFFS.-There is a moderate demand for Flour, and prices are rather in favour of purchasers. Wheat is firm. Genessee is quoted at 4 3 1.25 ; and Canada at 1121 c. to 114 c. The sales of Corn are moderate. New Southern sold at 72c. to 741-c., and old Western mixed at 79c. PROVISIONS. - Pork is dull. Sales of new Beef is less active, but nrices are firm. Lard dull. IRON.-Iron favoured purchasers. 150 tons Scotch Pig vvere.sold at .829 cash, and S3l, 6 months. NAVAL STORES.-Sales of rough Turpentine had been made at 4"4, and of Spirits of Turpentine at 56c. to 58c. Common Rosin is dull, at .8'1.45. FREIGHTS.-Freights to Europe aro firm. To Liver pool the rates are, tobacco, 40s. ; flour and meal, 3s. 3d. ; rosin, 3s. 41d. to 3s. 6d,; heavy goods, 30s. to 355.; grain, 10d. to 10-id. ; Beef, 6d. To London, flour, 3s. 6d. to 4s. ; wheat, 11d. ; measurement goods, 30s. to 355. To Havre, cotton, id. To Glasgow, flour, 3s. 7ld. NEW ORLEANS, Dec. 6. Cotton is in active demand. Already 0,000 bales sold at still lower prices. Strict middling is at 8 cents. The mar ket for Western produce is heavy, owing to the high rate of frieghts. Flour has declined 25c. The sales to-day have been 3,000 barrels Ohio at S'4. 40. Corn is dull at 50C. CHARLESTON, Dec. 6. The sales of cotton to-day amounted to 2,100 bales, at a range of 71c. to 9P. The market is unsettled, but there is no quotable change._ WEST INDIES. The steam -ship Orinoco arrived at Southampton on Sunday with dates from Jamaica to the 29th ult., and St. Thomas to the 3d inst. Since leaving the latter place the yellow fever prevailed on board to an alarming extent, there being 41 cases, of which 10 proved fatal. At St. Thomas's and the Leeward Islands the yellow fever was making sad havoc. Several of the officers and crew of the Esk had been attacked with yellow fever, soon after leaving St. Thomas. The mortality at Barbadoes, both among the natives and Europeans, had been very great. Assistant Commissary Neil and the whole of his family, numbering six persons, had fallen victims to the disease. A severe shock of earthquake was felt at Jamaica on the 26th ult., but did no damage. Trade was dull in every department. The produce market was quiet. Rum and sugar maintained last quotations. INDIA AND CHINA The latest dates by overland mail come down to t 7 t: 17th November from Bombay, to the 6th from Calc u and to the 30th October from Hongkong. is '^he intelligence from Rangoon contains little that o f lutely new ; merely giving details of the new s ; which a summary had previously reached us. We WO ! ! however, that the river had fallen so suddenly and to sa an extent, that the large steamers must remain at Prom t for eight months to come. Gen. Godwin, who retu ru ; to Rangoon immediately after the capture of Prorael., the 9th of October, was once more on his way up the r l B with a second division of his force. 250 elephants har d been dispatched to his assistance from Calcutta overlat to Prome through the Aeng Pass, where the enemy7 o said to be preparing to resist their advance; troops qa under orders from Arracan to clear the way, and they u l not seem to apprehend any very difficult task before till: It will be Christmas, we should imagine, before the e. 7 phants reach Prome, and by that time none but t!!! smallest steamers will be able to ascend the river. 2 connexion with this subject, we learn from BombaY.t' a ce Zimmay (the Shan states) has thrown off her a lleguat o to Ave, and has an army of 50,000 men and 250 elephalcid hanging on our frontier, in order to act as circuresr 3n ;4 l dictate. The political connexion between the Bri t ' Indian government and the Shan states is in a crude startli The Burmese general, it was said, a son of the fai n° Bandola, of the former wars, had come into our cateP an surrendered himself with his family, as also the ex-gf_ g ' r ; nor Rangoon • and it was quite apparent that other Gala were prepared follow his example if our forces 5r,,..„.° • only make so much of a demonstration as to give men an excuse for running away. Disturbances were still rife in the northern Puni tlb frontier, and troops in motion to quell the refracrlY o chiefs. Generally, India was tranquil, and the POP quiet and contented. From Scinde we have news to the 12th November. Th° 64th and 83rd Foot, at Kurrachee and Hydrabad, We re t suffering severely from fever, and deaths were of freclilqA occurrence. The wing of the 64th, at Hydrabad, are 881 _7 to be, almost to a man, unfit for duty. An attempt hs. been made to murder a Mr. Court, magistrate of Budio n ' his intended assassin cut off three of his fingers, and se' verely bruised and wounded him in many places. From China we have advices to the end of Octou t ?' The insurgent bands had captured two departmental cities and several places of less note in Hooman, besides to° towns in Nan-nand-foo. They thus were threatening t he line of communication with the province of Canton by the Melling Pass, which was said to be held by a powerfi government force. A fire of an alarming nature occurr e o about three-quarters of a mile in the rear of the Canton factories on the night of Wednesday, the 27th October' whereby silk goods and foreign manufactures were de" stroyed amounting to the value of $150,000. of An earthquake occurred in June in the provinc e ,, n Kansuh, which was felt for fifteen successive days. wards of 20,000 houses are said to have been destroy 300 300 of the inhabitants perished, and 400 others were SO P " ously hurt. A large Chinese junk, bound to Amoy fr c l Singapore, with a cargo valued at %20,000, was attack ed near Namoa, by pirates, and nineteen of her crew, ding the sailing-master, an European, murdered. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE 6th We have accounts from the Cape of Good Hope in Nov. The war still continues with very little variatiork The last Graham's Town Journal offers, by prociamatiO' life to all the Hottentots except a certain number rae n. tioned, on condition of their surrendering themse l 7:t No other conditions are named. It is understood tu t the Hottentots are in great want in the Waterkl° and that they are anxious to come in if their may be spared. Rumours prevail as to the ren3 o 7 o , of the seat of gI/ overnment to the frontier. 11 co mando of the Trans Vaal Boers had lately invaded ' country of the Chief Secheli and attacked the princiPA town, which was taken by storm after six hours' 115 7/ fighting, leaving four farmers and more than 30C) e , Secheli's warriors dead on the field of battle. The in 3 r a diate cause of the expedition was unknown. the A very spirited attempt had been made to captur e p. n a Chief bandilli by Lieutenant Whitmore, of the Cap Mounted Rifles, but without effect. On the 6th October, an interview took place betsfee_a. % General Cathcart and the Chiefs of the Slambie tr ibe at Fort Murray, which did not lead to any results. lc : few days after this interview, the absent Chief, 5 6 ,. ° la delivered himself up, and has ever since been kept close custody. Much disappointment is felt in the colony at the d el i, in the establish _ ment of the new Constitution for the C A P C AUSTRALIA. We have intelligence from the gold fields to tbe l :l3 Sept., in which it is said that the yield from the ` law n diggings alone will amount to about ten millions st er `aeil per annum. The weekly arrivals in August aver" e ct 30,000 ounces of gold dust, and there was 'a fair pros ßa at the beginning of September of that amount bablan. doubled, from the prodigiour number of labourers 11 0 , 5 t; ins to the mining district from all quarters of the gl° l o . f The most brilliant test of the continuity of the v iela ro the two great gold fields of Mount Alexander and pak k ja iel , is given in a series of escort returns published in tb e ;'sl. bourne Argus, embracing the period from October , is: to the end of August, 1852. The following are the tot _,; .; —October, (1851,) 18,482 oz. ; November, 60 58 a z • December, 169,684 oz. ; January, (1832,) 107,2 16 az p February, 111.778 oz. ; March, 122.778 oz. Ap r il. 1 3 ,0 oz. ; May, 138,906 oz. ; June . ' 16 9 ,990 oz. ;July, 3 5 '• oz. ; and August, 350,968 oz. ; making, with the a d 1 0 0 of an odd 40,000 oz. from some smaller places, an euerra total of 1,771,974 oz., or between 73 and 74 tons, of g ot ° . The state of society, meanwhile, at the diggings is hoe ful. We have been invaded by armed ruffians, wb a r i reS " stuck up" the inmates and rifled the premises. Tin,gbeit appear so thick upon the ground, and so unceasing 10 0 00 operations, that it is quite clear they must often rob ost another. Murders are numerous, and remain 01 ,,, ra ti ed always unpunished. The police are cowed or leti l igt with the ruffians, and the administration of the law 0 0 sinking into contempt. Next to an effi c i ent police ° j ut an importation of female servants is urgently wa li c e Victoria. Ladies must do their own household war . ..";gel be exposed to the double annoyance of paving high + ",,oce , and having to put up with a great deal of incomP a `i Men have flocked into the colony by thousands, b a . s ec' women of England base been less migratory, and , 8 :40 5 cessful diggers usually get married as fast as circuca s ` - sotO permit, the few women who arrive are usually 000 removed from servitude and placed at the head of 9 sVO rough establishment at the diggings or in the bush.;.Tig are assured that the splendour of a digger's wed ul ;iit orp sometimes rather startling. Young Irish ba n , p, i who scarcely knew the luxury of a shoe until Wo o f 0 their bare feet on the soil of Victoria, lavish 03° , 11 ,:ssel white satin at 10s. or 12s. a- and for their bridal 01. ; o tb°, I.and flaunt out of the shop slamming the door, bec,.. 3 . U ;19 unfortunate storekeeper does not keep the real 51 '' ten guineas a-piece ! FOREIGN MISCELLANY. ANOTHER PLANET has just been discovered bY Goldschmidt. It is to be called Lutetia. An a eri e 11 : 1 THE NORTH PACIFIC FLEET, of 1852, of 4", - ( ,10 - ' whalers, it is ascertained, comprises not less than ," dred and eighty-six ships. c O ttlt A COLONY OF BIZOOMEHS, from Boston, , -f l it en o Wished themselves near Conway, U.S., some "" ie t twenty having hired a house there for the season.s" h time is said to be spent chiefly in sporting, ' fowling pieces. jig et MORE GoLn.—The New York Inquirer says- -- jo — c e of covery has been made of gold mines in the pr o t ime n cl Chiriqui, about 300 miles from Panama. In ac t i v e, °' the Spaniards, it is said, these mines were prod uct a city of 40,000 inhabitants existed there. fial d tI i if lif e l THE PRINCESS MARIA PICCOLOMINI has -- e , t 0 , embraced the operatic profession, and forms 1 0 ' 4 00 o f Opera Company at Rome. Her voice is a ''rf oleo great extent and sweetness. Her father is chief goo f iiS the most illustrious families in Italy, and she has a a cardinal. S' , THE SIAMESE TWlNS.—Messrs. Eng and Cllany g 13116 1 P - • C0at:40.6 hers are now living at Mount Airy, Surrey - Both are married. Eng has six and Chang fiv,, e . c e i h,e,41 1 ' In North Carolina two children, similarly unl'Veri ea t the sacra, or lower extremity of the back, were gi; arc to by a stout negress of 31, in July, 1851. T he ,o os l ;ids cessarily somewhat difficult to manage, as the , fl'iv back to back on one seat. and must take it by, to:0 c is to walk forwards, while the other must loco s' wards a la militaire. 1 k P l .. 0 of 0° A CAGED VENTRILOQUIST. — The New re rs 'oencritft of Commerce descAbes the capture and incarcer,ea,o, ventriloquist oho was found " drunk and disorl be the streets of Boston. When caged he shook 1 . 0 0 ti; o grated doer, and set up a most hideous noise in 000 6 of wild beasts. Had there been a menagerie , s °s. tl3 l / cell, the effect could not have been more life roar of the lion, the growl of the tiger, the ° l n ? OW panther, the screech of the wild cat, the hiss adjo r em pent, were all heard, and the prisoners i n the de iro' le e cells begged to be released, lest they shoul d be flegiity EARTHQUAKE IN CHINA.—The Hong h 7 °l o l of October 19th, says that in June last an ow v otrA' no se:, are said to have been destroyed ; 300 quake occurred in the province of Ken- 0 00bor felt for fifteen successive days. Upwards of 2' 1 ' 1 0 171 9 1 ; of the 1 .10, e perished, and 400 others were seriously hur t :hot l i for e t; peror, in noticing this calamity, command s '; f ear d ek4 the distressed districts. During the taxes in money and in grain for the eres ell „"he i r e mitted, and that a supply of money and gra in n ort," n aK f s r I‘ I 0 e 5, toe t oo month there were several slight shocks of ;s o c ie j e s experienced in Manilla. On the 16th, at ( s f e str°l o oljf the evening, a shock occurred which nearil ov er of, city. Many houses were entirely thrown &we e ' je7,40 rendered unsafe to inhabit. Two churches , ce r ithe bo e s one of them the fine church of the company e tis tore; B li 4 pines. The palace, the town-hall, and the c are so much damaged as to be uninhabitable. , 0 0, 4 ; 19 were lost, and one person wounded. rp rio. g bo ar y HOMICIDE BY A DUKE.—The Duke "le "ea° under arrest in his palace at Gensano, for lafoeoPogflig own cook. On Sunday evening a number %O it a 6 , l' e st collected under his windows, singing and r e ,,i s per bet ie a noise that he sent out to desire the m to u ter 0 5 0 04. 10 , request was not only neglected, but his 1) (1 ao lc ti g o tl3° by the mob, so that the duke seized a 8 11 , 11 'd he thought, which his friend Signor Calza ii,e w eaa m o and went to the window for the purpose 01 .,, loov„ a at e ts; crowd with it. Unfortunately the piece t he 0 ." - 0 5 / 1 0 , ball, and when the duke drew the trigge r ic ho ieo pai t t4 passed through the bead of his under coavhesnot then coming in from a shop in the town' 0 00'0 4 4, the duke on learning the accident was t hes ti op e „,a , duchess, an English lady, rushed down to o ,oo,s. e ttrioe the dying man, but in vain. As the I ° oo 0 010 0 ' of liberal principles, it has been surmise 4 tise g aV i was got up on account of the influence I P4eiste JacObini, and the brother of Cardinal Marilarpie holders in the neighbourhood. Four ge r n 10 " pointed to attend the duke in his palace , o u. iti ea. tarily given himself up to the police with I FRA unfo HEN