The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-10-18 00:00:00

ilong a y now 'ho hey keep for his ty in a tation- really s pere- having lowed, counts it will- gising e said --0111 S lson— had ouncil a. or y says id that ressor II Mr. an, no es had Crook lerk— )ed to is also of the st man m the fittest fittest Ccupy. men, s this. e men ng in. agged For his ughed Rath when ay for Lt obli- ]at lie ), as a thinan it the is that ithout its re- con- aban 7i, anti )WS as I what so far 3 rpool ptures hools. aduct, ary to art of liurcli )tunes know wink that tions, coun .n ho would iety if to ob- Few v of a 7 only Lrrels, ieces til the - ;tabhit :erva- npro is lie ;peet ay to see - 4]arle, Which des en of OCT. 18, 1836 TOWN COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS. Yesterday the council met by adjournment, for the purpose of taking into consideration the bye-laws. BYE-LAWS. The , 'CowN-ctanx said he should now proceed to submit to the council the bye-laws framed by the committee, “n the sub ject of hackney . -coaches. It would be necessary in the first Place to refer to the powers of the act of 1833, which gave the power of making these laws. The act of 1835 enacts that it shall be lawful for the mayor and justices of the peace of the borough, and by a late act for the council to rescind or alter such rules or bye-laws as they shall think fit, for regulating coaches, cars, &c. plying for hire iii the-town, and also as to what manner the owners shall con duct themselves. That they shall regulate the number to be provided, and that owners and drivers shall register their names with the-clerk of the peace, to fix the stands, &c., and how many shall ply for hire on any stand; what fares shall be I .lcen, and what punishment awarded for extortion and impo sition, and for securing property acc id en t a lly f e lt in any car. The act then enacted that the penalties should not exceed 40s. for the first offence, or £5 for any subsequent offence. He ?night h ere state, that by a previous act of parliament it was re lated in thi s act that the magistrates had power to mitigate the fines in the case of hackney-coaches, so that they don't miti gate below one-half of the penalty subscribed. 'L'he act then directed that these bye-laws should be registered with the clerk of the peace, and published in the newspapers. It further stated that the overcharges should be repaid besides the penalty. There was a l so another important provision is hich did not ex ist till the act of 1835, that the owners and drivers should leave With. the clerk of the peace a full account, in writing7of their place o f a b o d e, and so from time to time if, any such owner or 'driver should remove from his place of abode. There was anoth er provision, that if the owner should use or permit a coach to ply for hire with , tut having obtained a license as afore. said, every person so offending should forfeit and pay a sum riot exceeding 40s: for every • such offence. There was another provision, th a t if any driver should be a second time convicted of a breach or non-observance of these laws, it should be law ful fora justice to deprive the driver or conductor of his license, or to, suspend the same for such period as that justice should think fit. Besides these provisions affeeting coaches plying for hire; there would he found another general provision affect ing carriages of every ,description. Then the law having pro vided _without the assistance of the bye-laws, these diffetent . provisi ons f or the regulation - of hac k ney-coac h es, h e came n ow to the bye-laws submitted fur their consideration by the coin tnittee. The first bye-law had a blank for the date, which would be best filled up - when these bye-laws were finally passed. " 1.. That from and after the day of next every uch coach, c h ar i o t, c a r , cabriolet,.or like carriage plying or hire shall be licensed-as required by the said last in part re cited act •- and the owner or owners thereof shall, within twenty four hours after obtaining such licence, register his or their l 'aule or names, and place or places of abode, and his or their licence,. with the clerk of the peace, otherwise such licence shall be void, and that for such registering a fee of 2s. Gd. shalt r owx-ccaltr.—For this alit owner shall obtain a plate with the number, which will cost,the borough fund Is. 4d. He pro posed the thit these laws submitted to the council by the committee suld.:each of them be recommitted to the committee; for at he Last mom en t it was p oss ibl e that so m e technical alteration ght lie necessary, and it would give time to the last moment tthe m. to make - any alterations which 'might occur to The MA von hdYing Put the question, this bye-law was agreed to and recommitted: " 2. That from and after the day of next the driver or conductor of every such coach, chariot, car, ca briolet, or other like carriage shall be licensed as required by the same act." Agreed to and recommitted. "3. That every -such driver or conductor shall, within 24 hours .after obtaining his licence, register his name and place of abode, and his licence, with the Clerk of the Peace of the said borough, otherwise his licence shall be absolutely void; nod that for such registering no fee shall be paid or charged." Ai greed to and recomm itted. . "4. That every such owner employing as any such driver or conductor any person unlicensed, or who, under the piovi ''i°l3B of the said act, shall have been deprived of his licence, °T Whose licence shall be susended, shall forfeit and pay the fine or su m o f f orty s hilli ngs ; and for every second or other subsequent offence, alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of five pounds." Agreed to and recommitted.- . " 5 . That up on any owner or owners ceasing to use any coach, ca r , ca b r i o l et, or ot h er lik e ca rriage to ply for hire, or selling or disposing of the same, the licence for such carriage shall end and be determined, and the same shall be delivered °P by such owner or owners to the Clerk of the Peace, under the penalty of forty shillings." Agreed to and recommitted. "6. That if any driver or conductor shall cease to act as such, or be deprived of his licence, or his licence shall be suspended, he shall deliver his licence into the hands of the Clerk of the Peace, under the penalty of forty shillings." t greed to an d recomm itt e d. , 7. That ever y ow n er or ow ners shall,. on reistering his, her, o r t h e i r coach, chariot, car, ca b r i o l et, or other like car riage, receive four plates numbered according to-the licence to be fixed on suc h coac h , c h ar i o t, car , cabriolet, or other such like 'Carriage ; and such owner or owners thereof shall, before the same shall ply for hire, have his, her, or their name or names painte i a straight line o te outside of each dour thereof in lar d ge n letters, and black or h white, whichever shall most differ from the colour of such carriage, and shall affix one of the said plates on each of the doors of such carriage in the Most conspicuous part, but so as not to conceal the name of names of the owner or owners, and shall also have another of the 'aid plates fixed at-the top of such carriage in the inside; and in carriages having doors at the side the plate shall be af fixed lit the back, on the outside nearest the centre of such car riage,and on each sid e ,, of cars having the door at the back ; and such name or names and places, and the number thereon, shall be kept and continued legible and undefaced during all the riieq the carriage shall ply for hire; and if any owner shall make default in any of the matters aforesaid, he shall forfeit and Pay, for the fi rs t offence the suns of forty shillings, and for the second and every subsequent offence, alleged and proved as such, the sum of five pounds." After a short' discussion, Mr. Horn recommending that the numbers should be fixed at the inside of the coach, at the back, When there is kwindow, as they would be less liable to accident, this b'ye-law was agreed to, and recommitted. "80--That the several owners of such coaches, chariots, cars, cabriolets or other like carriage, or the drivers and conductois thereof, shall and may demand and receive the following prices and fares, and no other : HIRE FOR A COACH. " 'For the fare or hire of every coach conveying not more than four persons, or of a chariot, and going a distance not ex keeding one thousand yards, one shilling. " Exceeding one thousand yards and not, exceeding one thou Sand seven hundred, one shilling and sixpenCe. " ` And for each seven hundred yards, or any intermediate distanc e , the additional sum of sixpence. 'And fOr the fare or hire of every car two-thirds of the above.' "And it is hereby declared, that so far as concerns such fares or hire, a carriage saving few. wheels and two horses shall be deemed a coach; and a carriage having either two horses and (w ,.° Wheels, or one horse and two wheels, or one horse and four wheels, shall be considered a car; and it is further declared, that Such rates are inclusive of all charges for luggage." Such distances - to be - computed from the Stand or place 'Mtn whence the carriage may be engaged or hired, provided such place of taking up shall not be more than four hundred ards from th e s t an d or place from whence the carriage may ;aken llPen to be e n g aged or hired ; but in case a carriage shall be b from any pl ace of public amnsetuent, the distance shall computed fromsuch place of amusement; and not from the Stand Where the carriage may usually ply, whether such car riage may o r ma y no t have been previously engaged to take up 4t such place of amusement.' Mr. Alderman EVANS su Tested that the fares of the cars should be particularised a s well as the coaches, which was agreed to. Ml'. Councillor BOLTON said that the practice at present was to pay Is. 6d. for every coach, however short the distance, ncs person paid less than Is 6d. If that were the universal Vi rac Ocet they ould by this law be 'educing the charge to Is. appeared to him, that a coach was not overpaid at Is 6d. He " ° ‘•ad propose, that all fares under 1700 yards be ls 6d. He would.include the first and second clause in one, and charge cat s et a like rate. Mr. Councillor LAWRENCE HEYWORTH would second this. Mr. Councillor Braces said, this subject had been very fully .°nsider e d i n committee, and Mr. Martindale had stated , that 1 'ares tyeze very general; that many could not afford to show that kind'of liberality which Mr. Bolton was in the habit of Sh ?wing, and that numbers of ladies who were in the habit of °ing to church twice a day, who had limited incomes, would nud it a great h ar d s hip t o p a y thi s e xtra charge. He was of _o P i nion, that the present rate of fares was quite enough. Air. Councillor RATHBONE would ask, whether they were Quite competent to inquire into the question of rates, if it did not rest with the Magistrates? The TowN-CLERK replied, that the Council could at ally time make any alteration they pleased in them. These rates were th e same as h a d b een i n use f or some t i me i n Li ver pool, and there had bee n no comp l a i n t aga i ns t th em . Mr. Councillor CoGLari thought it very important that the d in_e . n . should b e we ll P a id , an d f ee l an interest in the accommo dation they gave to the public. The convenience was a consi deration they should no t l ose s i g ht of, a nd he was confident is would- not remunerate the men. , 7 „1 41 r. Councillor LAWRENcE HE.YWORTH . said, they ought to ` - '„! 0 .11 principle for what was most expedient. „ Alderman STUART felt a little surprised at the nature of the discussion. He understood these were the fares which had 1 '! charged since 1829. Individually he could get taken under thoseeve rates every day; it has, in fact; been a general remark by One who had been in the habit of visiting London, Chel tenV hi , and other places, that the fares here were enormously gn The fare to his house was 6s; and there were many coach :79i on the stand who would take him for 4s. He should feel it i‘r hardship i if t h e fares were increased. .ICs G ouducillor BLACKBURN said, that gentlemen who advo-, cated sometimes Is 6d were faresd should remember that very short distances were enforce onPeri?Fen le a coach. Gentlemen who chose to give t Lectly at liberty to do so, but there was no need to give. He was ample compensatio s'Lliarueblihc at large what those gentlemen chose to co mplain at ts i h . a t at the coach-proprietors would receive an swer, and no These rates had been found to an ad been made against them. The Mayon said, thatpers ons a l so were much i n t h e h a bi t o f taking ls fares, and b e i ng put down going as f ar as th e y co uld. • Mr. BoLToN'S amendment was then put, when there appeared for it only 5. The by e -l aw, as it stood, was consequently de clared carried. Mr; Alderman Ro nissoN s ri v: T n%e, ge a s s te b d o e t h o a d t t i o n h L a o v n e d c o h n a i n t g was y a regulation that every cab-driv er Withoutm e in some y suchforegulation r the nienee of those who took a it w ou ld b e use l ess fi x i ng B d. fares. It was a regulation h might be v er y eas ily ma de, and those persons who wished to give the coach Man leo•al fare Might do so, and those who wished to give more were at iberty so to d o . Mr. Alderman LEATHoNI SUggested tha" place of wors hi p '' be i nserte d as we ll as " pl ace o f public am t t o uvsisoeionh was made for es were hiamusement...c Mr.' Cou nc illor SMITH said that no p Coaches carrying large parties. Som e ti mes f or Parties, and six persons were placed in them.ac . The TO WN - C LERK said that the bye-laws had left this for special agreement between the parties. After some further discussion these points were referred s tructions to the committee, and the bye-law as awas agreed t o nd recommitted. t _ "0. That in the event of the carriage going beyond the dis t 'nee of five miles from the General Post-office, within the the post-horse duty payable under the existing acts of par lament, is to be added to the fare and paid." The rate of post-horse duty was ordered to be appended in 'jr e t ? being 3d. a mile duty for a coach, and id. per mile for a car. uye-law was then agreed to and oldered to be recommitted. IA That if the driver of any such coach, chariot, car, Ca tu'nlet, or o the r lik e C arr i age in th e course of his f are b e d e ree n!(.l ~ above fifteen minutes at any place or places, h eshall • th e etve 6, 1 for ,every fifteen minutes' detention, but it shall be at tap e :Von of the driver to charge either by . time or by:dis: Mr.. Alderman Rawnori conceived that. it would be a hard ship if a car-driver were detained fifteen besides his fare for every ls. fare he went. AfteJ some further discussion the bye law was agreed to and recommitted. 11. That the hire of every coach defined as aforesaid, and two horses, by the day, shall be eighteen shillings, and by the hour, two shillings and sixpence for the first, and one shilling and sixpence for every subsequent hour; and the hire of every ear defined as aforesaid, by the day, shall be twelve shillings, and by the hour one shilling and sixpence for the first, and one shilling for every subsequent hour; but it shall be at the option of the driver to charge either by time Or distance." Mr. Alderman BARCLAY hoped the lair would be so clearly defined that the driver should not charge by both. The MA YOrt said that the word "option" was sufficiently clear. The bve-law Was then agreed to and recommitted. "12. That where the fare of any coach or chariot shall amount to four shillings and upwards, or of any car, to three shillings and upwards, it 'shall be at the'option of the hirer to detain such coach, chariot, or car, and to return in the same on payment of half fare, provided the same be not detained mere than an hour,and for which no additionalsum shall be allowed." This bye-law was agreed and recommitted. " 13. 1 hat the owner, of every such coach, chariot, car, cabriolet, or otherlike carriage,. shall have the same and the horses ready to take a fare at the stands appropriated as public stauds,cir within their aespective yards, coach-house, and stables which are to be. considered to stands, from seven o'clock in the morning till twelve at night, at the rates fixed, under the penalty of 10s. for the first offence; 20s. for a second offence, alleged and proved as such; and fur every subsequent offence, alleged and proved as such, 305.; but after the hour of 12 o'clock at night and before '7 o'clock in the morning 6d. for every coach, and 4d. for eery car be charged f o r every quarter of an hour detention during that time - over and above the fare, the coach being necessarily occu pied." After some discussion this law was agreed to in the above form and ordered to be recommitted. • . " 14. That if any owner or driver of any such coach, chariot, car, cabriole', or other like carriage, shall refuse or delay to take a fare whenever called upon to anyplace within the old borough; or within the - distance of eight miles from the same, if not before engaged, or if any such owner or driver having agreed to take any fire, and shall delay, neglect, or refuse so to do, he shall be - liable to a penalty , in any of the cases afore said of 10s. for the first offence; 20s. for the second offence, alleged as such ; sand 40s. fur any subsequent offence, alleged and proved -as such." - • The MAYOR said, there was one thing which was, , ery incon venient ; coachmen were in the habit of saying they were en gaged at a certain hour whilst on the stand,-on going to them to take a fare, and that they would not be able to get back in time if they took you. He thought they ought not to make pro spective enagements. Mr. Councillor EARLE said, an engagement was often used as an excuse when they were not engaged. This point was ordered as an instruction to the committee. Mr. Councillor DuricaN wished to know what part of these laws applied to the new borough, and what to the old. The Tow'N-ctERK said, as regarded the fares, the power of the bye-laws extended to eight miles out of the borough, but the parties to be subjected to these bye-laws must be owners or drivers of a coach kept within the old borough, If the owners of a coach -kept hii coach out of the old borough; he would not be liable to any of these bye-laws. But as to all coaches kept within the old borough or plying for hire within the old borough the bye-laws would entend to regulate the conduct of titre drivers to a range of eight miles, and of.course take in the new borough. Mr. Councillor DUNCAN presumed then they had no autho rity over coaches or cars kept out of the old borough. ; The TowN-CLERK said, a coach kept within the new * borough, and plying for hire in the old came within their jurisdiction. They could not reach the other cases. Mr. Councillor HOPE said, the coach proprietors had taken advantage of this, and had taken places just out of the old borough to evade these laws. The TOWN•CLERK said, it was an evil which had existed be fore the new regulations, and it had not been reached by them. The bye-law was then agreed to and recommitted. "I.s.That every person calling or sending for any coach, chariot, car, cabriolet, - or other like carriage, and not employ ing the same according to such call, shall pay the driver one shilling, and for every quarter of an hour's detention. 6d." The bye-law was then agreed to, and recommitted. " 16.—That if the owner or driver of any coach, chariot, car, cabriolet, or other like carriage, shall demand, receive, or take for a fare a greater sum than the amount of a fare authorised to be demanded, received, or taken for a fare, he shall forfeit and pay for the first offence the fine or sum of 55.; for the se cond offence, alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 10s.• ' and for any subsequent offence, alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 205., and to be bound to refund the overcharge, and be liable to costs." Mr. Alderman RAWDON said with respect to tha mode of lay ing fines on overcharges ,he would beg to suggest, that some re gulatiou should be made with respect to ladies; for it was so repugnant to ladies to be put in a witness-box, that they would suffer imposition rather than do that.. He would submit, that., it might be an instruction to the magistrates, to allow them a private hearing. Those who, like himself, were of the order of ienedicts, knew that ladies were more liable to overcharges than - they were. The TOWN-CLERK said that must he entirely in the discretion of the magistrates. One thing was perfectly clear, that the partygiving the information must be subjected to the cross examination of the other party, or the proceeding would be illegal. After some further discussion the bye-law was agreed to, and ordered to be recommitted. •'17.--That the owner of every coach, chariot, car, cabriolet, or other like carriage, shall at all times have the same in good order, and the glasses and frames of the same whole, and the leathers attached to the frames of sufficient length, and the in side clean and in good repair, and keep . the harness in perfect and good condition, under the penalty in any of the cases afore said of ss. for the first offence : 10s. for a second offence, alleged and proved as such; and 20s. for any subsequent offence, alleged and proved as such." Mr. Alderman BRowN objected to the check-string being en forced in the cars, which was originally included in this clause. The drivers said it was a great hardship, as they were constantly cut away. Mr. Councillor BOLTON thought the fines ought to be Is., 2s. 6d., and ss. r After some further discussion, it was agreed that the check string should be inserted in the succeeding clause, and that the fines should be as above. The bye-law was then agreed to, and ordered to be recom- mimed. " . 18.—That the owner of every hackney coach, chariot, or car, shall" provide a sufficient check-string to the same, and the driver shall, when driving, have, if required, the check-string fastened to his hand or aria, under the penalty of is. for the first offence; 2s. 6d. for the second offence, alleged and proved as such; and 5s- for every subsequent offence, alleged and proved as such." Agreed to and ordered to be recommitted. "19. That in addition-to the respective coach-houses or sta ble-yards of the owners of such coaches, chariots; cars, cabrio lets, or like carriages, the following places be, and they are hereby appointed public stands, that is to say :—` Castle-street, from the south side of the crossing in front of the Town-hall to the north side of Brunswick -street; on each day, except Sun day, the vacant space on the south side of St. George's Church, and on Sunday, Castle-street, from the south side of Bruns wick-street. to the south side of Harrington-street. The west side of St. George's Dock ; Scotland-place; London-road, near the King's Statue; Clayton-square.; Great George's-place; Clarence Dock (station to be described) ; Great Nelson-street; South end of Prince's Duck, between the Dock-gate and the pier head. Mr. Alderman Batter:ay submitted that a bye-law should be be made for the purpose of compelling owners to produce their drivers.—Ordered to be an instruction to the committee. This bye-law was then agreed to and ordered to be recom mitted. "20. That no more than the following number of carriages, (coaches, chariots, cars, cabriolets, and other like carriages , ) shall be allowed to stand at one time on any of the stands, that is to say :—in Castle-street, (not to exceed the number which can stand in the specified line); in Castle -street, to the south ward of Brunswick-street, ou Sunday only; on the south side of St. George's Church, on week days; on the west side of George's Dock ; in Scotland-place; in London-road; in Clay ton-square; in Great George-place; Clarence Dock; Great Nelson-street East ; Gloucester-street ; and South end of the Prince's Dock. Agreed to and ordered to be recommitted. •' 21. That the driver of every coach, chariot, car, cabriolet, or other like carriage, shall be constantly attendant upon the same when plying for hire on on any of the public stands, under the penalty of ss. for the first offence 10s. , for the second of fence, alleged and proved as such; and 20s. for any subsequent offence, alleged and proved as such." Agreed to and ordered. to be recommitted. "22. That if the driver of any coach, chariot, car, cabriolet, or other carriage, shall stand or loiter with the same in any of the streets appropriated as public stands, at the time when the full number ol carriages authorised to ply at the respective stands shall be thereon, or in any street, square or place not appro priated as a public stand, he shall forfeit for the first offence the fine or sum of 55.; for the second offence, alleged and proved as such, the fine or. sum of 105..; and for every subsequent offence, alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 20s. Agreed to and ordered to be recommitted. "23. That if the driver of any coach, chariot, car, cabriolet, or other carriage, shall take any person to ride upon the box, or in or upon any part of such carriage, without the consent of the person hiring the same, he shall, fur the first offence, alleged and proved as such, forfeit the fine or - sum.of 20s. Agreed to and ordered to be recommitted. "2-1. That the owner or driver of every coach, chariot, car, eahriolet, or other carriage, in which any property-shall be ac cidentally left by any person or persons who may have hired or used the same, shall imitediat el Y on the disco Very thereof restore it to the owner when known and when not known at the furthest within qzliteen hours after such property shall have been so left, carry the same in the state in which it was found to the Police Office in Liverpool, and deposit the same with one of the clerks there, under the penalty of the sum of 10s. for a first offence; 20s. for a • 'second Offence, alleged and proved as such ; and 400. for every subsequent offence, alleged and proved as_ such : and the property so deposited shall be restored to the owner or owners thereof, on payment of such reward as any one of his Ma jesty's Justices of the Peace for the -said Borough shall awairt. Mr. Alderman STUART thought these fines were much too small. Supposing a valuable purse to he left in the coach. He thought the penalties ought to be 405, 60s, and £5. After some discussion, the bye-law was agreed to as above, and ordered to be re-committed. - " 25. That every driver of a coach, chariot, car, cabriolet, or other carriage, shall have a copy of these rules, orders, regula tions, and bye-laws, so far as the same relate to coaches, chari ots, cars, cabriolets, or other c arriages, certified under the sig nature of the Clerk of the Peace for the said Borough, ready to produce, and shall, upon request, produce the same for perusal and inspection to any p e rson who may have hired such coach, or car. under the penalty of 5s for the first offence; lOs for a second offence, alleged and approved.as such and 20s for every subsequent offence, alleged and proved as such." This bye-law was agreed to, and ordered to be re-committed, " 26. That John Martindale be, and he is hereby appointed Inspector of all coaches, cars, and carriages, registered to let or ply for hire as aforesaid, and that he shall, from tittle to time, examine all such coaches. chariots, cars, cabriolets, and carri ages, and see that the rules, o rders, bye-laws respecting the same are strictly carried into effect; and if any owner or driver of any such coaches, cars, or carriages, or other person or per sons, shall-obstruct, prevent, or hinder the said inspector, or any other inspector to be hereafter appointed for the purposes aforesaid, every owner, driver, or other person so offending, shall forfeit and pay the sum of lOs for such offence ; and for a second offence, alleged and proved as such 20i ; and for a sub sequent offence, alleged and proved as such, 405." Mr. Councillor EARLE said that the fines ought to be higher if anything. • Mr. Alderman ROBINSON would like to 'know if there - was any direction to, inspect . the condition of horses. Horses were often placed tp . ,cmirt t ,fit to work. The NlAiioreatilin'snnet•was •no such provision, but this sub jectishouldsbseias)in B:usitiosi to the committee to consider upon. cis ai j 4 r , kt;i •, / Fc uqujvekl. rg, Mart ind ale's appointment during p l leasure or during good bebayiuur ? THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD: The TOWN-CLERK.—During This bye-law was then agreed to and ordered to be reCotn milted. M.r. Alderman BROWN would now move an adjournment, and that the Council should meet day by day for two hours, till all the bye-laws were got through. The TOWN-CLERK would first refer to the list of business on the summons. There was only one point which required consi, deration. The Borough Court and Court of Requests commit tee had agreed to give the late Sergeant-at-Mace £9OO compen sation, and they had appointed Mr. George Parker treasurer of the Court of Requests; in both cases subject to approval. Mr. Alderman ROBINSON enquired if the late Sergeant -at- Mace would take f.:900 The TOWN-CLERK replied that the late sergeant-at-mace would accept that suns. For the salary and emoluments of the late sergeant the committee could not do better than refer to the' previous report on these matters, which he would read if re quired. 11. r.. Alderman ROBINSON moved that these recommendations be -confirmed, which was seconded by Mr. Alderman Brown. The TowN-cLEux said that MO per annum had been fi d on as the salary of the treasurer, and that he should give secury in £l,OOO. Mr. Robinson's motion was then agreed to, and after a short discussion the council was adjourned to this day, at twelve o'clock, to meet for two hours every day, at the same time, with the exception of Wednesday, till the whole of the bye-laws shall have been got through. • To THE REV. THOS. MAGUIRE. SIR,—I left home for Glasgow on Monday last, and did not return till to-day. This will account for my not having sooner noticed your letter of Tuesday which appeared in the Liverpool Mail of Thursday. I am glad to see that you pledge yourself to convict me pub licly of the charges which you are pleased to advance against me. ' As .soon as your publication appears, I will lose no time in answering whatever it may contain requiring and deserving an answer. In this respect I hope it will be very unlike your letter. The charge of'forgery published against you, and so long tin answered, is a matter which you have to settle, not with me, but with Mr. Nolan; in reference to whom I perceive you are not sparing in flattering epithets. Abuse of him, however, is no answer to his accusation. It may not, perhaps, be convenient for you to answer him, and it may possibly be very. natural for you to substitute rude words for sound arguments ; but still the accusation is unanswered, and it is his, not mine. Please to observe this. The accusation has been long in print, and- widely circulated; it is still unanswered. It is Mr. Nolan's, not mine. In writing upon his point, you say that St. Paul shook off a viper at Damascus. If this be one of the traditions of your in fallible church,. you are quite welcome to it. I shall not attempt to deprive you of the smallest portion of your ecclesiastical pa trimony. But if it be intended for a reference to scripture, it Well becomeS me to instruct you in its inaccuracy. The word of God contains no such statement. I observe, however, that when the Rev. James Brown, professor of scripture and Hebrew in the College of Maynooth, was asked by the Irish commis sinners if his.lectures to the students comprehended the whole of the New Testament, he answered, " No, not the whole, the most difficult parts only"." And in the parts he then enume rates, the Acts of the Apostles are not included. ( See appendix to the Bth Report.) So that after all, it is your education, and not yourself that ought to be blamed for such gross ignorance.• Per haps, however, I ought to make the more charitable supposi-, tion, that you intended to write at Melita, which. would have been correct, but you made a mistake, and wrote at Damascus, which is incorrect. If your lapses penna be so ready, what might not be anticipated flora your lapses lingace? An oral controversy is a matter which you have to settle with Mr. M`Ghee, out of whose superior hands I would be sorry to rescue you. His challenge to you. is long before the public. He has informed the public that you have, through false pre tences, and unworthy artifices evaded his challenge for the last three years. Why then do you bluster so about a public plat form for controversy ? If you be in earnest, you are pre-engaged. Mr. M'Ghee is ready. His challenge remains unanswered.. For myself, I love truth, and shrink not from controversy., My challenge to vou also remains unanswered. Your letter evades it wholly. Here,- then, again, 1 call upon you to write what you can of interpretation, argument, fact, evidence, in de fence of what popery is, and I will answer you. My reasons for preferring the press are already before the public; and if you, the first aggressor in this matter, decline a eontroversv in the press, the conclusion to be drawn from it will also be before' the the public, and with a plainness which no man capable o f re= Election can fail to appreciate. You say that "in a face to face discussion more' can be settled in a day than could be performed through the press in a month." I answer,' there is no hurry. No matter of real consequence can be settled in a hurry. A gladiator for ephemeral victory may be in a hurry. -` lover of eternal truth need never be so. It is written iu the t phets, "he that believeth shall not make haste." I shall direct my publisher to send you a copy of the second edition of my sermon, in which your church, as exhibited in i t i y e r r a e n w n n ic o a c i c;e di tediin• shown to lie anti-scriptural, blasphemous, ,formularies, and perfidious. Again I call upon you to answerthis if you can. You say I have misstated the. tenets of your church. I ask where and how ? And I beg to remind you of the facility of as sertion without proof. To conclude: I will supply you with an instructive instance of misstatement, not by a protestant, but by your own archbishop, Dr. Mtliale. He visited the island of Achill, roused by the suc cess of the Christian missionaries there. After hearing from priest Conolly (he progress of the protestant faith, he laid his high in junctions upon the people to hold no manner of communications with the protestants. He said, " Their preaching is hellish and devilish; neither borrow nor lend, buy nor sell from them." These facts are detailed in a petition (ruin the protestants of Achill,presented to the House of Lords, and they have never been disproved, nor even contradicted. He returned to the main latid. He prepared "an address to the Lord-Lieutenant, and when. Lord Mulgrave in his tour reached Connaught, Dr. M`Hale presented this address, in which he says, "We look forward to the salutary system of education, supported by go vernment, a system calculated to bind in fellowship and har mony persons who may differ in points of belief, but who should he united in one common principle of true charity and brotherly love." Addressing himself to the. Roman Catholics, Dr. M'Hale states concerning protestants, neither borrow nor lend, buy nor sell from them. Addressing himself to the Lord-Lieutenant, and through him to the people of Great Britain, Dr. Minale states concerning prutestants and Roman catholics, they should be united in one common principle of true charity and brotherly love. It requires.,but little sagacity, in any man acquainted po• pert', to determine which of these , is the misstatement. I have , no desire to misstate anything, but I have a great de sire t 3 prevent the inherent intolerance of the church of Rome from masking itself, so as to deceive the unwary, behind a plausible and interested affectation of charity and brotherly love.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, HUGH. M‘NEILE. Liverpool, Saturday, October 15, 1833. TO THE MEMBERS OF THE LICENSED VICTUAL LERS' ASSOCIATION, AND TO THE TRADE IN GENERAL. BROTHER r 1 RA the municipal election is ap. proaching, when we shall be called upon to choose a certain number of individuals to fulfil the arduous and respon s ibl e office of common councilmen, I deem it no intrusion to request you to take a retrospective view of the conduct of those persons who will then vacate their seats, as well as of those who'reinain in office;' and, in so doing, I believe it will appear, after an impartial examination, that we have little reason to congratu late ourselves upon the selection which we have made, both as respects those who will continue members of the council, as well as those who will return to that insignificance, front which we have so materially contributed, unfortunately for our own interests, to rescue them for a season. I have long wished to address you upon the subject; , but my past silence has nut arisen from any of that culpable apathy and indifference to the concerns of our society, of which too many, I am afraid, 'are guilty. I trust the few observations which I have now to offer will 6e received by you with kindness. Ido not appeal to your wish you calmly to reflect what line of co nduct it becomes Yo u passions but to your judgements upon the p resent occasion. I to adopt in reference to the approaching election. The state of things has been greatly altered during the time which has elapsed since we have exijoved the fostering care and protection of the self-righteous Quakers, and •Unitarians, who constitute a part of our persecutors. We have nothing to fear from a just interpretation of the laws which regulate our trade; but we have every thing to dread from men who impose new, and dispense with old regulations, merely to suit their own caprici ous wills, and narrow-minded prejudices. Their short re ign of power has been characterised by a consistent and uniform scheme to visit our calling with every species of injury, and annoyance; and this has not been done without infringing upon the liberty of the subject. lam ashamed to say that even the bench itself is not free from this persecuting spirit. The decisions of former magistrates are unceremoniously set aside, merely to gratify political malignity, and to show the utmost contempt for anything like tory precedent. The irregular and unsettled notions of a right modern Star-chamber, composed of a few violent members of the watch committee. &c., have superseded the well known and positive rules of former times. Decisions have been come to in a great number' of cases, which must be prononnced,as utterly at var tlyiance, with. every semblance of lawior equity. I have freq u curiosity to attend the court, and have been . quite astountlesl , had •the ' at what I have witnessed. I shall nut trouble yog r vv ; 4h) a recital, as 1 am sure too many, to their cost, c an ' corm-, borate my statement. One case I was partiCularly s truck withl l3 A very respectable man, who has been seven years in his house, without ever having any complaint made against hiro, remains 4. up, on one occasion, rather' later than usual with his family. Much to his surprise, the next day he was served with a sum mons for not admitting the police. He stated to the bench that "he never once Opened his doors after closing' them for the night, or paid any attention to 6:: knocking which frequently occurred. He did not know the Police were there, or he should have admitted them. - He said that he had no accommo dations for company to sit, and stated the respectability of his house, referring to Mr. Whitty, who could say nothing to the contrary. It was of no avail—he was fined 30s. and costs. But even this did not satisfy his persecutors : on the annual licensing day, after being detained four hours from his busin ess, he was informed, in the most abrupt manner, " he must come another day, as he was one of those who had been fined." There have been many similar cases; indeed, various Acts of Parlia ment have been so twisted to suit different cases, that there is not a person in the trade, however cautiously he may manage his business, who does not render himself liable to be fined, if brought before our Bench to be tried by our modern Salons, ac cording to their construction of the law. But I must not forget to remind you of their conduct in grant ing additional spirit licences. I understand the number exceeds twenty, and this, too, without any regard to the wants of the public, and under circumstances which but too plainly evince that private influence and undue partiality were exercised in the matter. I shall say no more at present respecting that portion of the council measures that emanate from the Star Chamber. In re ferring you to the conduct of the late magistrates, I am sure you must admit, that in all their proceedings in which our interests were concerned, they acted upon the most solid and liberal prin ciples of law;justice, and equity. No man can say that the guilty escaped. or that the innocent were allowed to escape—every case was decided upon its own peculiar merits, proper regard being paid to the character of the individual who came before them. I have frequently seen cases quashed, even when the officer bringing the charge has sworn to the truth of his assertion. Not so now—the captain has only to come forward, accompanied by a policeman —swear to the truth of his statement, and fined you certainly will be. It is needless to state more to show the dissimilarity between the old and the new system. Feeling confident that you will admit they have deserted those principles which ought to have regulated their con d uct; an d o f y which they made such boistero us e r o o t f i e o s u s i o u n s s of — publicand thatcs esteem. . I are as little respectfully urgedeserving of you,private - tradesmen, to unit e w i t h one accor d, s i n ki ng all minor con-; siderations, in the e n d eavour to h ur l them. from office. Let us expose their miserabl e i m b ec ili ty an d th e i r u tt er unfitness for the elevation which h as h a d suc h i ntox i cat i ng e ff ec t s u pon them. Unless their modesty sh ou ld move t h em t o re ti r e a nd hide their diminished heads from th e scorn an d d e ri s i on Of a justly offende d brother af ection constituencs , , let us chalitahly assist• them to their native ob scurity. .Nrusting, my fellow-tradesmen, you will give these hints your serious consideration, I remain, yours..&c., • A BROTHER BUNG. MURDER IN .LIVERPOOL. •• 'An inquest was held on Saturday, before Philip Finch Curry, Esq., coroner, to inquire into the circumstances which led to the death . :of .:hire Cassidy. Ann Anderson deposed, that she lodged with' the deceased and her husband in Shaw El ill-Street. The deceased was given to drink, and on Thursday night last, both she and her husband were much intoxicated. Shortly before she (witness) went tobed, she saw the prisoner, Who was husband to the deceased, and his wife sitting together in time kitchen. Deceased had complained during the day of being •unwell, and witness urged her to go to bed, but she refused. Witness then went Up stairs, and went to bed. She had been asleep some time, when she was aroused by hearing the prisoner call out, in a loud Voice, " Jane. get up !" Fearing that some quarrel had ensued, which was frequently the case, she arose, and went down stairs to the kitchen. She there saw the de ceased, lying in a corner, with the prisoner standing over her, repeatedly calling . to her to get up. Deceased did nOt move or speak, and she (witness) fearing that something serious had oc curred, called up a young man, named William Shaw, who also lodged in the house, and went to find a policeman. Before she went out site heard the prisoner say, that the deCeased was smothered in drink. He made an attempt to lift her up, and then witness thought she appeared as if she were dead. She had seen a mark on the face of deceased before she went to bed, but it did not bleed • afterwards she saw several marks and much blood. They (deceased and prisoner) had a son, who had been placed in gaol for some delinquency, and the pri soner had exhorted his "wife to avoid drinking, that he alight be enabled to employ an attorney, and fee counsel fur the boy. The deceased, however, continued to get drunk, and he at length said ; " I'll get drunk as well as you, and then we shall see how it will be when the candle is burning at both ends." At another time he threatened that " he would pay her as near as he could to her life, if ever she got drunk again." He used to beat her sometimes when she got drunk, but not otherwise. William Shaw, a porter,stated that he lodged with the prisoner. On Thursday night he went to bed at about eleven o'clock. He had not been in' bed very long before he was called up by the last witness. He went down stairs as soon as possible. In the kitchen he saW the prisoner standing over the deceased with a rusty cutlass. The coroner requested to know where this in strument was. Witness saW : he had taken it from the prisoner immediately, and carried it i pp,_stairs, where he had placed it in his own bed. The coroner ordered an officer to go with witness for thisiustrumeut. On their return, an old rusty cutlass, bent at the point„ L lyas produced. Witness then went on to say, that deceased was lying, with her face downwards, on the floor, and! he,saw the prisoner strike her two or three violent biows with the cutlass. Witness went and pushed himself between the prisoner and deceased, telling him to forbear, for he had done too much. The prisoner pushed him aside,, but witness succeeded in getting his cutlass from him. The prisoner, then said, " I believe she's gone." The other persons in the house were roused, and witness went up stairs, taking the cutlasp with him, as before stated. The prisoner had frequently been in toxicated of late. This was the bulk of the evidence, with the exception of that of Mr. Cooper, surgeon, of St. Anne-street. who deposed, that he had opened and examined the body, whict. he found externally bruised from head to foot, with several punctured wounds of from a quarter to half an , inch in extent. Eight ribs on one side, and seven on the other were broken, some of them being so completely shattered that the pieces could be taken. out by the hand. In the chest was found a quantity of blood. The deceased could not have existed long with such extensive injuries. At, the request of the prisoner, the first witness was recalled. lle examined her with the view of proving that the deceased had many severe falls. The wit ness admitted that the deceased had told her. that about a month ago she had fallen over an iron pot ; and that she, had heard of another fall which happened about three months ago. The coroner warned the jury to dismiss from their minds any pre judice which they might have imbibed from having seen the state of the body. He also informed them of the distinctions which they had to draw between murder and manslaughter, and having read over the evidence to them they retired. After an absence of about fifteen minutes they returned, and gave in a verdict of MIN Murder against Alexander Cassidy. LECTURE ON OPTICS-MECHANICS' INSTITUTION. On Saturday evening, Mr. Addams delivered the fourth of his valuable lectures to a numerous audience, which he illustra ted with beautiful and appropriate apparatus. Notwithstanding the difficulty of various portions of his interesting subject, Mr. Addams brings it within-the comprehension of his audience by the clearness and perspicuity with which he handles it. The telescope and microscope have added materially to the powers of human vision; by the former we are enabled to view distant bodies, and' by the latteito examine those things which are in thems'elvei too minute to be easily discerned by the naked eye. The teleicope may receive rays in different directions ; if we look at a star they come in a parallel manner, but this will not be the case if the instrument be directed towards the top of a tower. When a nuMber of parallel rays are received by a lens, they are bent iu passing through and converge to a focus or point on the other side. This fOcus is always at a distance from the middle of the lens equal to the radius of the circle which may be described by the curved surfaces of the lens. This is, however, only the ease when the thickness of the glass is insignificant compared with the radius of the curved surfaces. The focal point varies with the description of rays which may be passing through the lens; thus, if the rays be parallel prior to entering, it will be equal to the radius of convexity; if diverg ent, it will be at a greater, and if convergent at a less, distance from the lens. Diverging rays will be rendered parallel, and vice versa, in passing through a lens, provided the light be placed in the focus of the lens. lf, however, it be removed twice that distance, its image will be thrown inverted upon a screen placed at the saute distance from the lens as the light. This affords the means of practically determining the focus of a glass. If the light is placed nearer to, or farther from, the screen, the image is lost in a speck of light. If the light be placed at three tunes the distance of the focus of the glass, the screen must only be placed one third that distance from the lens on the other side. By this it will be seen that the focal point of a telescope will vary accord ing to the distance of the object towards which it is directed, - and the sliding tube must be adjusted accordingly. The farther the body is, the nearer will be the triage to the object glass, and the nearer the body the further the image. When the body is at an infinite distance and the rays are parallel, the image will be formed at the principal focus, and be at the nearest point to the lens itself; it never can be nearer than the focus of the lens. In looking - through a telescope we see the image of the object towards which it is directed in the eye-glass. It may then be asked, if the image is so small, how does it appear to us to be magnified. It is because we see it through a much greater angle by means of the telescope than we could otherwise; that is, if two lines were carried froth our eye to the bounds of the objects themselves, the angle or cone described by these lines would he much less than if the lines be carried from the eye to the eye-glass of the telescope. We know that if we place a penny before the eye, it will cover a large expanse of distant scenery, and, were it not for our experience, we should suppose that the penny-piece, thus capable of covering a mountain, was as large as the mountain itself. Persons who have undergone the operation of couching, experience great difficulty in judging of .size and distance. Were we not convinced by numerous proofs, who could.believe that the sun is a million of miles in diameter? The eye-glass of a telescope is used because we cannot behold an object placed near the naked eye distinctly without. its assistance. This is easily proved on attempting to read a book close to the eye. The general focal distance of the eye is eight inches, varying in different persons according to the convexity .ef the eye itself. By means, however, of an optical glass, the eye may be placed within half an inch of the object or image. The nearer the glass comes the eye, the nearer the angle is, and, consequently, the greater the magnitude of the object. The magnifying power of a telescope is very easily ascertained, provided we know the focal lengths of the object and eye-glaSses, for it is the quotient of the two. If we make the telescope longer, the object will be much more magnified; hut the instrument is rendered awkward and clumsy when it exceeds a certain length. Telescopes have, however, been con structed 100 feet long. Again, if the great glass were of a mo derate focus, say I() feet, we can increase the magnifying power by decreasing the focus of the eye-glass, as the smaller the de nominator the larget the quotient. The reason why we du not make small spheres for this purpose, is because we should not be thus able to see the whole of a body. In whatever way, therefore, we view the question, there is a practical. difficulty in obtaining a magnifying power beyond a certain amount. In the astronomical telescope there is only one and the eye-glass used, in which case the object is always seen inverted. Were a greater number of glasses employad, the quantity of light would be diminished, as every glass destroys a portion of light. Many persons imagine that a telescope is. better, the greater the number of glasses it contains•—it may be so for per spective purposes, but less light comes towards the eye. rha different glasses used in a perspective telescope are not for the purpose of magnifying, but of restoring the linage to its proper position, and otherwise correcting the rays of light. Any portion of a lenS will give the image of an object as well as the whole, but not so intensely; thu s it' he lens he covered with the fingers and palm of the hand, provided any rays can pass throngh it, the image Will- be a s , perfectly represented on the screeimisAf the whole wete.undivided. A brok en l ens would hays. thelaine property, provided its 'face be uninjured. It is 'imagined bye mango 'evert by.' . meniberri'.of the R o yal S oc i e ty, th a t i fi.ledS is valueless if it !Gowan:la : air, bubbles; this is by nu means the case, asthe' 'nibbles Merely intercept the light without in the Uist distorting the object. . Microscopes may be constructed in a very simple and effec taal,thanner ,by taking a piece of Canada balsam or some such other body. as will stand on a plate and assume a globular point. If water is poured into a drinking glass, any object iethe centre of it will appear magnified when viewed front the outside. This arises from the curvature of the water, and not of, the . glass, fur we know that a w a tch g l a ss d oes no t magn if y . It . we can wire the rays the same angle by means of a glass. which they would have at a common distance from the eye, we shall he able to look at them very. closely. The magnifying . power of a microscope depend s u p on the distance we can see with out it. If we can see a body at eight incites distance without, and at four with it , our sight is double ; thus the nearer we can see it the more it is magnified, and supposing we could see an object as near as one-folirth of an inch, it would be thirty-two times mag nified. There is however . a practical difficulty in using a micro scope at such distances, and compound microspes are substituted, where the object to be examined is put upon a kind of stake or platform. lit this microscope there is a tube, to the extremity of which an object lens is attached, as to the telescope, with this difference, that in the microscope this is the smallest glass, and in the telescope the largest. There is another lens besides the eye glass in this microscope, by the judicious arrangement of the focal point of - which the highest degree of magnifying power is obtained... The less the focus of the first lens, and the greater thoSe of the object and. eye-glasses, the higher power will the nficroscropeltive. - - Mr Adddirts delivers his fifth lecture to-morrow evening, in which he will exhibit and explain micrometers of different kinds, tire - - Carnet a obsctira," cathera lucida, phantasmagoria , paradox, kaleidoscope;. heliostat, 'sextant, cylindrical mirrors and anattior . phpie pictures. lie will also enter into the cau se of the 'apheriea.l aberration lenses and mirrors and the method of , diminishing the. Same by curvature and compound surfaces, Ronmn , Watin.—On Friday night a meeting of the eleetors_uf,thi s ward was held at the Crown Inn, Lawton -street, for the PtirpoSe of adopting 'Measures for securing th e election of John Nelson Esq., weouneillor for the ward. Mr. M`Leoci was called to the chair. He stated that after due deli beration on thepart of the committee for the ward, who had sat for the last twelv e . months, they had come to the determination of nominatin g Mr. John Nelson Wood, w h o had been their indefatigable leader in their endeavours to keep alive the spirit of conservatism. Mr. J. 13. Lyon moved the c onfirmation of this recommendation of the committee, which was seconded by Mr. Pain, and the resolution embodying the reco m m e ndation was unanimouslypassed. Mr. Wood shortly acknoWledged this mark of the esteem of his fellow-townsmen, gave a statement of his principles, andin conclusion said, that if elected he should zealously direct his attention towards forwarding the interests of the town. He should, in particular, sedulously watch the application of the corporate funds to their legitimate Uses. The speaker was loudly cheered throughout. A resolution was then moved by'Mr.,Sinith, and secon ded b y Mr. Gama g e, p led ging those ussenib!ed to use their utmost endeavours to secure Mr. Wood's return, which was unanimously passed, as was also a vote. of thanks to Mr. Henry Lawrence, their present conservative councillor, for his efficient services in their cause during the last ' twelve months. ,The'tneeting, after giving three cheers for the success of Mr. Wood,. then 'separated. TAEATRE ROYAL. On Friday and last evenings, Bishop's English version Qt Bellici's opera " La Sonnambula" has been brought out, Friday evening was chosen by Mr. Wood as his benefit night, and the house was excessively crowded by a most fashionable audience. Mrs. Wood was in excellent voice, and exerted her self greatly as Amine, frequently drawing down rapturous plaudits Mr. Wood also sung one or two solos with much sweetness; and his acting in this piece as Elvin°, is more natu ral than in many parts winch we have seen him personate. - There is generally a want of finish and rawness about his act ing, (a fault too general amongst singing actors) which is ob trusive, and detracts from the interest of the piece by drawing attention, and not a pleased attention. We have particularly noticed Mr. Wood's monotonous high-pitched delivery. Mrs. Wood has infinitely improved in acting during the last few years, and now deserves to rank high as an actress, not taking into account her unrivalled vocal talents. As the Somnambu list she strongly awakens the interest of the audience, on cross ing the flail bridge over the water wheel, a complete thrill per vaded the house, which was exciting almost to a painful degree. Throughout she played with much energy, spirit, and truth to nature, prepossessing her hearers in her favour, and charming them with her unrivalled singing. 'The manager deserves cre dit for the manner in which this piece has been got up; the ap pointments are excellent. The house last evening was full. The romantic and beautiful drama called " Lucille," was re vived for the afterpiece, in which Mr. Stuart again, as he has so often before, distinguished himself as St. Cyr. THE SCHOOLMASTER AT HOME SECON D LESSON. " The schoolmaster is too often abroad' when he should be •at home.' " "M-The origin of evil is, first, the supposition that the in dividual by his'free will or choice, creates his convictions and feelings. Second, that the individual deserves praise and -reward for some Convictions and feelings ; and blame and punishment for other convictions and feelings. Third, that the individual by his Free will forms himself to be what he is, and, therefore, that it is wise and just to make him responsible for his con vic . tions, and feelings, and conduct. " N—N ow, facts demonstrate that our convictions and feelings are not acts of the will, but instincts of human nature, which the individual is compelled to receive and experience; that the physical, intellectual, and moral character of every individual is formed for hint and never by him; that it is unwise, unjust, immoral, and irrational, to make the individaal responsible either for his convictions, feelings, or conduct—because by so doing you compel him to become a hypocrite, to be uncharitable, unkind, immoral, and irrational." If aught may be termed the origin of evil, the above sentences may surely be so, though not to those who are already scathed by the fiery ordeal through which the temptations of this world cause us to pass, for they must see their fallacy; but to the young and unwary, just about to enter upon the limbs of passion and folly, what evil might they not bring ? For a moment I will address parents, and ask what does the individual deserve who would teach their children, that if an evil passion or forbidden hope lie working in their hearts, it is right to give free course to it—to let it work its way without compunction, without fear, for it came there " by nature," and cannot be helped—or that it is impossible to be subdued, and is of little matter as they are not responsible ? How harrowing—how abominable is such a doctrine ! If we might believe in it, where would be our glory in subduing evil, or the sweet conviction that it worked within us, but that we 'might becUme the conquerors, which feelings amount to a foretaste of Heaven. There surely cannot be a wretch so vile as not on some occasion to have risen superior to his own heart : and be the heart of Robert Owen ever so pule —there must have been moments of temptation to sin ; or, if not, he is not fitted to be the monitor of thousands, amongst whom, perforce, will be found the vicious and the vile. It is indeed to be hoped that his own mind has so little knowledge of sin as to . . reader it unconscious of the necessity of subduing it ; for if it be not, and he is pandering to the wickedness of his fellow men, he is more to be pitied than the wretch who begs his miserable pittance from door to door. But, my dear friends. remember the temptation•of our Saviour on the Mount, and reflect that, whatever evil is offered to our hearts, (no matter if it be ever so brilliantly baloed with excitements to our passions,) God giveth us at that moment of trial the power to escape, and if we do not, it will be written against us in the scroll of Him who formed us. " o—That the physical, intellectual, and moral character of each individual is formed for him, in the first part, by the Power which has created human nature ; and in the second part, by society ' or the external circumstances in which the individual is placed from birth." The above is no less dangerous in its intent, but somewhat inferior in its power over either mind or heart, bearing, as it does, such falsehood on its front; for if we were created moral or immoral by that Power which , created human nature, how could the wicked man turn from' the evil which he bath followed and become a blessing to himself and others, which, we may thank that " Power," is frequently the case. To bring an in instance, from the many, daily occurring in this town and others, we will say, if a man were really and truly created a drunkard, of what avail would be the temperance lectures of Mr. Finch ? Yet that he succeeds in turning many from that evil is certain ,• but, according to the doctrine of Mr. Owen, if an individual felt a desire to constant intoxication, it would be folly to strive against it, the propensity being implanted by " nature" in his heart; or, that having subdued it, he must become a hypocrite! Does Mr. Owen then mean to say that they who pretend to be reformed drunkards wear only the cloke of deception ? " P—That, with this knowledge, society possesses the power to insure any one of many thousand characters for each lull organized child that comes into existence." What a palpable contradiction is the above sentence to that preceded by the letter 0. In the latter he tells us that each individual is formed good or bad by nature, and in the former we read that a parent may form the character of a child to any model. That the latter, may be partly true none will deny, as with the assistance of God a great difference may be made in the after dispositions of their children; but if Mr. Owen's previous doctrine of good and evil being formed by nature is true, what he above states must be as certainly untrue. " Q—That this knowledge, rightly applied, will enable and induce society to adopt efficient measures to insure a useful and superior character for all children. " it —That this knowledge, rightly applied, wilt form a new character for the human race, such as no one has yet seen." That the reasoning is false which tells us the human heart is to be rendered faultless by the power of human aid only, needs scarcely be stated; neither will any deny that if such knowledge could be obtained, "a new character would be formed, such as no one has yet seen," but which exists only in the disturbed brain of Robert Owen. "S —That this new created character, t h rough this knowledge, must receive convictions, which will &impel it to have charity, without exception, for the whole family of man ; to have kind feelings for them, and to have its highest gratification in pro moting their improvement and happiness." That Mr. Owen may wish to improve his fellow man I will not deny, but that it is to be done by the means he wishes to adopt is evidently impossible, for his every sentence would ren der the vicious but still more baneful, by inducing a belief that the Power which created, and they who superintend his first dawuings of intellect, are alone to blame ; while from the heart of the morally good he would shut out religion, thereby render ing it void of that which would have made it the home of peace and blessed hope. "'T —'That this new created character, through this know ledge, will be formed to he efficient fur all the objects which society, composed of such characters, will require, and to insure its own happiness. " u—That this new created character will be made to expe rience the greatest pleasure in performing its duty to society ; or in producing more for society than it will desire to take from society: that thus the wealth of the world may be always upon the increase." Had Mr. Owen rendered the above sentences, " this new created character" would be, instead of " will be," it might have been passed without comment, as assuredly a character so formed as he pretends in the former sentence might and would be all this; but to say that it will be, is an assertion of too touch as sumption, and proves, according tohis own doctrine, that his mind was not altogether properly tended in its growth. Ido not mean to say it is so, for I respect the powers of mind which Mr. Owen possesses, but only according to his own superficial reasoning in these sentences; for that they are his own there is no doubt ing, and at any rate he becomes responsible for their tenets by their distribution in his own person, disingenuous as they are. " V—That this new created character willkuow, that by union men may accomplish many thousand times more for their happi ness than can be effected by divided and opposing efforts. " NV—That this new created character will be enabled, through its charitable and kind feelings, to unite with all those trained to acquire the same knowledge of human nature and of society. " X—That this new created character will perceive the ne cessity for improving all human external circumstances, and know how to improve them." It requires not " a new created character" to know that union is strength. Probably Mr. Owen is so exclusively read in his own " Social Bible" that he knows little of the Bible of God, or he might know .that nothing is more firmly inculcated in its pages than the beauty of perfect union, from which must neces sarily spring, mutual confidence, love, with the absence Of s trife,. and every other distracting influence. For the remain dero the above sentences, it only needs us to look back a few centu riesta and see the improvement made in all external circuinn-sn,ei ces, to feel convinced that it requires nothing particu larl y in the human mind to continue such beneficial progress. " Y—That as man ever has been, now is, and ever must he the creature of the circumstances by which he is s urrounded,thrs new created character will be formed to take esp ecial carethat no ou vicious, e vid i u n a f l e r ; i a o n r, d o t r h d u e s g ; a il d l i t u h g e inferia c i rc umstance rctrcin shall nstau tta created rout i theby t p h h e y. s s u i e n a a ti d ndividu m als a u r g a h , ought e t or which i v: h a o p t o n n e ' s r i ble fopowersr and beings have compelled them tohae,be forever oti ly whi abandoned,havech a and will be replaced by those circumstances superior influence upon every chil d of nav n. h " Z—But above,all things remember these three great truths. "Ist. That our convictions and feelings are instincts of human nature, and not acts of the will. " 2d. That the whole character of every individual is formed for and not by him. " 3d. That the creating Vowel• of the universe and society forms this character; that it is, however, chiefly for me d b y the inferior or superior—the vicious or virtuous circumstances which society prepares for the indidtial froni its birth. " Remember these three great truths, because, whenever they shall be fully understood and wisely applied to practice, all men will be compelled to become charitable, kind, intelligent, healthy, and happy." To cenunent uprin these latter sentences would be but to re peat what has fieen already said, as they are but a summary of th e whole, and bear their contradictions, palpable to the mean est capacity. In conclusion, I must remark that it is not Ripon t h e moral mipd which these doctrines of Mr. Owen can take effect, to do any material injury, though even such a one may for a moment hesitate by their sophistry; but on the hearts of those krone to work their own will, and possessing passionate desires and longings after that which is forbidden by the dictates of prudefice or virtue, how bl as ti ng ma y b e their influence ? That out of th ose to whom lie delivered those papers on Friday night lie may not find one proselyte is the greatest good I can wish both him and them—and roost sincerely I do so, not bheaavrininggahniym no o rsonal knowledge of Mr. Owen, and therefore personal enmity. E. A. C. To.ttetli Park, Octdber, 1836. THEATRICALS.—The Keeleys have appeared at the Park theatre, N ew Y or k , an d appear to h ave Mad e - a hit. The Star s".Y B ,—" A more successful debit was never made in this coun try than by then, in the Loan of a Lover and My Master's Ri val. Keeley's comic little figure, about as large as Sir Geoffrey Hudson's was enough of itself to keep the house in a constant roar. Mrs. Keeley is an excellent singer, and in the Loanof a Lover, her naivete charmed every body. The same journal, speaking of the play of Lucille, says,— "The inimitable acting of Mrs. Keeley , certainly unsurpassed by any thing we have seen in this counttY, gave great interest to the whole performance. She is a neat little figure, Certainly not handsome, but with a face of wonderful expression, in which all (lie passions are powerfully displayed, and vrhe'd lighted up with a smile, is full of sweetness and intelligence; She is also a very agreeable singer." 1 ~ ~ .7 v I LIVERPAOI, POLICE. RoarfEtta.- , a'On Sitiffday, , at the Police-ofilee, a ,man n a m e d Robert Collins was brought up charged with having, (to Thurs day night ; broken open the shun of Mr. Scallion, of;;Saliti,,use latie A person nattier.' James Ityeroft deposed -that hq was in the service of Mr. Matthew Scallion, tailor, of Selthmuse-lane. About Saved O'clock on Thiarldo.y night he mad the shop se- cured arid fastened the door with padlock, and placed a num ber of trualers ready-made, which had been hutig, ;tear the door, upon a shelf on one side of the ',shop. On going; tri the shop, about SIX o'clock on Friday morning, he found a pannel of the door had' been burst in as if with'a person's foot or. crow bar, and on ente:ring: the shop he • missed about fourteen pairs of trowsers and some waistcoats, jackptt, and coats. 4 constable was standing at the shop door when he got there. He then called at the Polieeafftce and gave . inftirmation of 'the 'robbery.. Thomas Divjes, apoliceman, deposed to stopping the prisoner, about half-past ten O'clock; coming from Salthouse-lace with a bundle under his arm.. - On asking him what he had got, he re-, plied some clothes belonging to a captain, but. he did not recola Sect his name. after-Wards Said he had got the clothes front three boys. He then took lan to Bridewell. He (witness) on. Friday Morning went to Mr. Scallion's shop and found that the, door had been broken open. The Prisoner, in 'defence, said three lads had ,liven' him tile cluthea. He Was et/ululated; to • take his trial at the Sti - ;..faions ' REWARDING VOlnlg entlet r` w ri' , ~as orettgut be fore the magistrate on a: "Orafge cf having, on the preceding evening, (Thursday,) thrown several halfpence, at successive times, upon the stage of the Theatre-ReyA from the " slips" of the upper boxes, thereby breaking; two- or three of the glasses belonging to the footlights, and endangering the persons of the performers who were then upon the Stage. Mr. Jonas and Mr. 13irchall stated the complaint. The magistrate having inquired, the value of the glasses which were broken, Mr. Clarke, the manager of the Theatre-Royal, stated that it wits dot ho account of the paltry damage which had been done that' the taamplaint was laid, but solely for the purpose tif'ptitting a stop to such un-, thinking conduct. One of the halfpenceYhe said, had passed between the heads of two of the performer§ who were upon the stage, and, had it struck either of them upon - the face, it might have seriously injured him. On this teprettentatitin of Mr. Clarke the young gentleman was dismissed, after having been bound over to keep the peace. OVEReII A [WES BY CA R-DRIVE IM—A number or Caa:drivers appeared on Saturday to answer suunnouses issued against them for overcharges; Some of these had occurred during the late festival, and were to a considerable ailment. One gentleman had been charged 15s. for what tdrued out ,to be a three and six penny fare. The driver of the car NO. 281 Was summoned by Mr Scaife, clerk to Mr: Radley, Adelphi Hotel, for hav ing charged a gentleman one shilling lon much fur driving him from the Claret:ice Dock to the ion above named. Mr. - Scaife, said, that he should not have summoned the man, in the present instance, but that he made a common practice of. charging more than his fare: The driver Made the usual racuses of having been detained, of having driven fast by the gentleman's orders, &c., all of which assertions were disproved by the testi mony of Mr. Wightman, of the Adelphi Shades, who was called to give evidence of what the gentleman had said in presence of the driver. The latter was fined 20s. and costs. Loan SatvooN.--,We understand that .Lord Sandon will re- main in town for some days, and will be glad to see any of his constituents to-morrow, and on subsequent days, at the Claren don-rooms, at one o'clock each day. Howls or? BusiNass.—We learn from a correspondent that the respectable part of the woollen drapers h :vecome to the re solution of closing their respective shops at eight o'clock during the winter months. This resolution does-them great credit. NEW MaGisTavrEs:—:The Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire hat recently appointed two new magistrates in the hundred of Wir- . rail, viz., William Hetherington, jun., Esq., and Thomas D. Case, Esq. Inver. STEAM-BOATS.—In consequence of a paragraph which appeared in the Chronicle of Saturday under this head, we have been requested to state that the St. Mungo put back at the unanimous request of the passengers, and nut front any incom petency to prosecute her voyage. She is the finest and most commodious vessel on the station. THE BOLTON AND BURY CANAL. AND RAILWAY. —This splendid undertaking is fast progressing to completion, and will, it is expected, be opened early in the next year. The share holders will be glad to learn that the large plot of land pur chased some time ago, as a terminus at Manchester, on very advantageous terms, from the incieasing value of land in the neighbourhood of the railway, it is anticipated Will prove a very lucrative source of revenue, and materially add to the annual proceeds of the undertaking. Me. JOHN SMITH'S LECTUERS.—The success which attended the delivery of the course, last week, has induced ; 111f. Smith to announce the repetition of it during. the present week. The lectures are highly interesting, and every parent, who has the means and the opportunity, ought to send his ch►ldren to hear the lectures and view the illustrations. We inay add, that Mr. Smith's eno..remenis will not admit of his continuing his lec tures beyond the present week.—Sce the adv. Mr. and Mrs. Wood perfornied, in the EngliSh version of the; opera of La Seinnamba/a, at the Theatre Royal, Manchester, on Saturday last. The house was crowded to an overflow ; the receipts amounted to upwards of £240. The audience testified their delight by the most enthusiastic applause ; and at the fall of the curtain, Mr. and Mrs. Wood were loudly cal:ed fur, and upon their reappearance, were greeted With cheers by the au dience from all parts of the theatre. The opera was then an nouncerl for repetition in Manchester on Saturday next. - - . . AFFAIR 0I? HoNouß.—A misunderstanding which might 06S- . sibly have occasioned unpleasant if not fatal consequences, in asmuch as it was put to mortal arbilrement, occurred at the Fancy Ball on Friday night. The parties were Mr. D. N and Mr. W—, jun., and the cause was a dispute as to which of them had a right to call the tune for a quadrille. Mr. W---= having ordered a particular tune, Mr. counterman , e I the order. Some words passed, and on the following day Mr. W— sent a challenge, Which was duly accepted. The parties met at an early hour on Sunday morning, and exchanged shots. The ball of Mr. N— slightly grazed his antagdnist's thigh, and this being deemed sufficient satisfacti-itt, the combatants Separated, just as they had Met, Without being reconcildd to each , other,-or anything in the shape df apology or elplariatliM on I either side. , VALUABLE SALES OF PROPERTY BY Mr. GEORGE RoulNs.-, We perceive that Mr. Robins will shortly bring- to the hammer' a valuable coal estate in Wales. The surface is of very rich laud, and there are under 1000 acres, one of the most prolific bads of coal in the empire. It is the anthracite, or stone coal, and although this year's consumption is 20,000 tons, it needs only sufficient capital to extend it to 100,000 annually. It is conjec tured the profit may be increased to upwards 01'120,000 a year. The Crown, at Harrogate, is accounted the finest hotel in Eng land ; it makes up 130 beds, and is full every night during the season, besides which there are stalls for near 100 horses in tuetr extensive court-yard. The proprietor has just realised a famous fortune, and George Robins invites competitors to follow (we use his own words) scblaudable an example. - - THE CHEMICAL NUISANCES.—" Er niltilo nikii fit." This sentence is peculiarly applicable to the proceedings of our wise' and virtuous town council,iwith regard to the chemical nuisances at the north end of the town. They deceive the suffering inha bitants with a promise of good which they never intend to fulfil: They pass a bye-law of penalties, and nullify its object by•deny ing compensation to the informer; i ti 1 i fter plenty o' vapott, iny, the thing ends in smoke. The victims or these nuisances , in Scotland and Vauxhall Wards must take the matter into their own hands—nor must the aunoyel electors in Everton and Sr. Anne's Wards forget to give these lazy praters a hint, at the ensuing election, that they have no confidence in those, "Who keep the word of promise to the ear, • " And break it in the hope." , . ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.—The Albion of yesterday c ontaini an ill-natured attack upon the Liverpool Zoological Ga•rdens. The article, to our own knowledge, abounds iu m is•stutements of the grossest nature, and tie have no doubt that in other points it is equally eironeeus drawn between the Liverpool and the Surrey o,trdens,,eems to Tht' contrast to be indicate pretty plainly the source front which the rental ks re ferred to proceed. We tut) state, however, that with the ex ception of the natural sheet of water in the Surrey Gardens,. the Liverpool establishment is in every respect its superior. Mr. Atkins's spirit and exertions are too well known in this neio - hbotirhdod to render any defence of him at all necessary, and we think he will best consult his own character and dignity by leaving unnoticed the strictures in question, which So far f ro m being dictated, as pretended by the writer, by a feeling of g ood will towards his establishment, ate devoid of ecinatiion can : l e :F t ti y ..—This wonderful animal h as be e n at l engt h is r si n taen a d od the Sphynx—no ',Vane" of Liverpool; it reached he re on Thursday last,. animal l a i' was i'li e r' ? a e s n s s e e d c i ° v i n t c l ( i ) ; i l r it s i e s e" peopl e.f lals crew t'or - a it having been seen for three centuries and a half in Europe. The animal' ta a i and i d nusl h ,g a t s ipwer. been uin dn iteo I l i now exhibiting in Church -street is one of three introduced into England, last July, by Mr. Warwiek, who visited upper Egypt for the purpose of procuring them. We subjoin the fol lowing description from a pamphlet published by Mr. Warbrick. l " The height of these animals when in an admit state,is reported by authors to he from eighteen to twenty feet, and even up wards, from the Ole of the font to the summit of the head. Sonnini speaks of them as sometitnes attaining the first-men tioned stature; Vosmaer affirms that some very respectable persons had assured him they had killed giraffes twenty-tiiree feet high; and Delalande is stated to have seen, at the Cape of Good Hope, a skin which measured twenty-four feet; Major Hamilton Smith, however, save, .‘ among a dozen specimens' which we have seen, Mr. Burchell's male, in the British mu seum, is the tallest, and 'measures -seventeen feet six inches ;" and L 6 Valliant, judging from the great number which he saw, and those which he killed, considers the usual height of the male to be from fifteen to sixteeu feet; (French,) and that of the female from thirteen to fourteen. The writer saw a skin imported last year from SOuth Africa, Which measured twenty one feet." LORD DE SACMAREi.—It forms a part of our painful duty to record the death of Admiral Lord de Sautuarez, one of the best naval officers, and most amiably' disposed gentlemen of his time, and long highly esteemed by our gracious Sovereign. We furnish the particulars of this distressing event from the Chan nel Island's Gazette. Lori de Saumarez was a staunch conser vative in principle, and he was elevated to the peerage during Earl Grey's administration, at the express instance of the King. as a mark of personal friendship, and the sense entertained by his Majesty of hii merits. We kudw, front a private and au thentic source, that on his Majesty Signifying personally to this veteran officer his wish and pleasure to confer on him that mark of royal favour, the gallant admiral said , truly grateful and sensible of your kindness, hut you know 1 ant onsly vote for the a tory in politics, and that I cannot conscienti ch I most re-; reform bill. nor stipport.the Minisiers; and as su .., " Vow Majesty, I ant a g u e i t ti 4 a rieizbedraidl peervo t vole ed Kina in .' I mind, Sinimarez," said our gracious•heart. nil, ~_reply, luctantly lieg your Majesty to decline the honour," " Never give it ydu as the earnest of Inv private lye , hip ,rile.as yoti _The noble admir4 was in his l a i tr k iiicst lil t e is b' n i bill e ; d l l i e u s t s horn in 1/57. Lord de . Saumarez had a 80th year. having been ho 1 years .., tCl;•ittol'o(kil.i.d.alteetiS! brother, who practised for several ~ Dixon,urgeon at New created to neutralise that vute. a , it*ton, in Surrey, in partiters . hip with Mr. Di as " Sauma.- L to o a rd d( i G , rez-and Dixon," ani who retired some few years hack with an property. These are additional items its favour of that ample .. , L •I d '• • • constitution to which' Lord e Saumarez was devotedl y•• • tache d at. ~ as well as having been the friend and companion i Nelson. Hi s son .(the present Lor d) left Cheltenhamn arias of G u ernsey express , immediately on receipt for of intelligence of his ' father's de,ease. , • • TAXES AND YOUR RATRS.L-It is the f 'class of economists, including the ad asliion with a certain to attribute all the ag,ricultura I d' vptates of the new poor law, poor rates. That their increase tetriss to the pressure of the not deny ; but frod the _ had become enoimous we do front Cobbett's "Ltio following statement, which we copy increase of the Out/ `'Lunacy to Labonrers," it will be seen that the arnment taxes • ' ' pressure, therefore,of was much greater, and the important : , the latter touch inure considerable and POOR RATES Reign of James 11. £160,000 1776 1,496. , 906 17b9 2,250,000 /833 6.700,U0U GOVT. TALES.. ELM) 000 8,000,000 16,000,000, 52i000,000 "."="" 4 7, 1 • ` i ~/ )ut to if giv• :al, of Lnd in ssing of ra y the ish to ril se- 'etain r and y the ana- ville fee hori- beet: a, in' hung 77f. ,ally Few _- /