The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-11-22 00:00:00

1 83 6, xpected, more the hatters of Ind the " turn hat we hear of regimeuts of rit of insubor eViis ?—the is expected to norrow, on the e Corporation )peal—perhaps ttion, and ear. councillors to defence of our !quently made, reeling towards. we shall. only ties which are !s of Scriptural to the most un ility, in the ad by the concur and judge for the wonderful is the result of Liul and solemn set for the de to deceive the party they es ire have under ing than a dis d improveient eve• cannot be king religious. nd intellectual et is cultivated, lwledge, those ?rove the life, is one of the community of relates to the e what is called ly for the pur allaying party on Committee, inded the adop t the spirit and the Bible, as a In accord e report being e Corporation ndignation had 3at they ever Men .Preferred when we say ily strengthen eches delivered was under dis t the intention , and introduce 'Neile has ad uncil upon this he authority of introduced, the luded, then the ward with some Icil to-morrow, me and sorrow, we doubt not themselves ou' bold assertions that the argil ; answered, nor exculpated front ty to the extent in his profession tarianism. Our dingly anxious :r was excluded unents with the effrontery, in n spite of these on, and leave it to lodge if we line of defence Is us, and, we :hoots, and,saw • his own" ears. He found the • teader, that he ds. "We ap the Protestant ned-1T WAS RISED VEIL istake, he adds, der, with " his tion put ferth 'IAN KNOW ,sk our respect idea for a mo not detect the to. Is it thus :ed to promote where is thy t an hour shall ing which the )me and teach the Bible or 0 is acquainted the fact ; and ense the Bible .em only gives to the children i*it theschoals, the Bible And to persuade his sod established sit the schools, fours," and we iers by letting own eyes. and' isposed of the not, and would uncil, and ask, becoming the y, which they special plead words, do they upon the pub d publicly, and he has read it gad in the sense Enderstand it." Scripitires are r w or d s a par deluding the them meet the once whether un estrai ned a ng the schools, for to the Irish real point at that the great mil, inasmuch e exercise of !ans increased pulation. But Id has resulted sed to concede id enlightened pride, that the lic has counter-. they cause for it evil designs, inent of truth ? ;red Scriptures RevelatioU in ecure their as- eds. But the fly allow that ave been actu p ossible to Le- Nov. 22, 1836. eoncil e the glaring- inconsistencies which mark their ge neral conduct. One reason given' why we should slip- Port this system was that it would tend to allay religious prejudices and afford greater facilities for the progress of the Gospel. Many denounced the errors of the Church of 113111 e, and supp or t e d t hi s s y s t em f rom a wish to dis,: scaunate Scriptural knowledge amongst the peasantry, to earivinze them of their error and lead them to a know ledge of th e truth. But mark the result. N o sooner does a man become convinced of his error, and evince a dniposition to abandon his former superstitions. than lie rr assailed by the liberal press as a " renegade," as an apostate," and every epithet that bigotry and calumny can invent are Neely bestowed upon him. The conduct °I our liberal Town Council has at length roused the !sal of the Protestant community, and they are now bucklin g on t h eir armour. We entertain no fear for t h e re • salt. "The fool" may say "in his heart there is no God," 411(1 the Solons of our Council may array themselves in °PPosition to the spread of the Gospel and dare the ven geance of Heaven, but truth will proceed to their dis comfiture and disgrace. To our Protestant countrymen w e , lay, let your zea l b e as a rdent, your allegiance as faithful, your loyalty as devoted, and your defence as resolute, as that which distinguished your illustrious forefathers. CORRESPONDENCE. 're " THE MEMBERS OF THE LIVERPOOL TOWN couNciL. GENTLastax,—A. printed letter has been addressed to you by °,l') of Your own b o dy, w ith avowed reference to the subject of '45 schools, which is to come under your consideration next Wednesday. The w r i ter, Mr. Rathbone, has con d escen d e d to streng th en h appeal to y ou , by a re f erenc e to me by name. 1 feel con "nt that thi s c i rcumstance w ill excu lp a t e m e from the charge (_ll. i ntrusion, i n th us a dd ress i ng you : f o r it Mr. Rathbone has felt opinions and statements of sufficient consequence to call ler direct reference on his part, it will readily be admitted that May. without impropriety on my part, feel them of sufficient e ,"'equence t o b e en t i tl e d t o accurac y of representation. Mr. R athbone says : " Ilitd it been in this town only that they had made eflorts talfainst the schools, we might suppose that they merely seized upon A t P .T. aR tt useful handle against us ; yet, even here the Rev. Alr. c. " 4 1" has publicly retracted his reiterated assertion that we had e xcluded the Bibl e he has, however, to maintain hi s c onsistenc y , m a de an assertion equtlfy without foundation — that the reading of e whole Bible is in o pposition to the hitch plan of education. On !"' s contrary, it is one of its declared objects to promote the read ing of the w h o l e Bibl e. " 'lhe re are here two statements to which I beg leave to call your attention 1. That I have retracted my reiterated assertion that you 4 / 4 7 e excluded the bible from your schools. And 2. That 1 have asserted that the reading of the whole bible 1' an oPposition to the Irish plan of education, while on the yontrary, Mr..Rathbone asserts that one of the declared ()h -ie"' of that plan is to promote the reading of the whole bible. 1. In making the first, Mr. Rathbone refers, I Im o elude, to the speech which I delivered at the late anniversary me eting of the Liverpool Protestant Association. That you m a y J u dge fairly of the accuracy of his representation, I take the li berty of transcribing what - I said on that occasion. I quote from tne corrected report printed under the sanction of the committee. ibis system of education is an underminer of protestantisrn. Lt was imported into Liverpool as a feeler, and it has been felt. (Il licit applause.) Was it imported into Liverpool ? The "solutions passed in the council of the corporation of Liverpool last July, were-1. That the schools shall open at nine o'clock ed ch mornin g , and commence by the children singing a hymn from the selections of the commissioners of national education ra Ireland, and Lv the masters reading a portion of the scriptures from the same selections.-2. That one hour of each day be ue voted to the religions instruction of those children whose Parents do not object; and that such hour be in the afternoon, e f t " the school has closed. That the school shall be considered as Closed at three o'clock in the winter, and at four o'clock in I tlonner. That instruction be given on Thursday afternoon as on o ther days, and that Saturday afternoon be considered a holy daY'-3. 'That the clergy of the different denominations be 40:icited to attend for these purposes, and that every practical ac commodation be afforded them.—G. That the books of the co mmissioners in Ireland be adopted, and that they have a fair Trial previous to the introduction of any other.' You recollect t hat the Irish system was constructed in order to get rid of the r ital defect in the Kildare-place system, which was the reading et the scriptures in school trours. The Irish system, therefore, ezcluded the reading of the scriptures, otherwise the defect was L Ot got rid of. (Cheers.) Did the new Irish system exclude th e Bible ? Assuredly it did. Did the Liverpool corporation 64 opt the new liish system ? Assuredly it did. Did the Liver pool Corporatidu exclude the Bible ? Assuredly it did. Yet I ° aye here three gentledten who say no.' I read from one of ° ln 'esteemed contemporaries.' (A laugh.) Tim BIBLE IN Tab CORPORATION SCHOOLS.—A public meeting was held yes- POPtJLAR COURSE ON CHEMISTRY, AT THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTION. 1 1 . 9. A acidsandalkaliesconabine in certain atomic proportions. We emiti for example, 22 atoms of carbonic acid,4o of imiphuric, a d 34 of nitric, will combine wi1.41 17 atoms of aunneuia, 41 of tamest], or 32 of soda. These tables of affinity - are very useful to time ma nufacturing cheniiits •Thus'common Salt 'IS a eenspouud of soda and chlorine, and for every 60 parts of ehlor:de of . smdium, he knows he must employ 40 parts of sulphuric;: acid to , .expel the muriatic acid, for muriatie acid is formed .frout chlorin e *L e d, water is present; but as the sulphuric acid ofeonnsmrce contains one atom of water, he euiploVs 49 atoansof sulphuric acid. Time manufacturing chemist no longer acts without •knowledge, but by tables, thereby saving much tire, materials, and time.. Sup pose We were analyizing any compound of these aeids'andalka liS, and we find that there are 17 parts of ammonia. and 21 of carbonic acid, We know instantly that our. experiment _has not beean properly performed, as we cannot base 21 parts of car, bonie acid, but 22. We may be wrong, but these tables cannot; for they are the aggregate of the experiments Of every practical chemist in Europe.' Chemical nomenclature is of very great importance end very, easily learned. An attendance to the following rules wilt will enable any person of moderate capacite readily to under stand it. We still divide bodies, for sake of convenience, into two classes. The electro-negative bodies are sesireen, chlorine,. fluorine, iodine, and bromine. Whatever ,these tubstanceS combine with, not being acids, are distinguiShed by the termina tion ide ; thus tre say an oxide of lead and an iodide of lead, meaning combinations of oxygen and iodine .with lead. lf, these substances he combined in different proportions with the lead, we call the first protoxide, proto-chloride, tic , of lead ; if in two properties, deut-oxide or bin-oxide; in three,, ter-oxide and, for the greatest number of proportioni„. per-eXide, per chloride, &c. When, however, these five electro-negative sub stances form, with their compounds, an acid, we distinguish the acid by terminating the name of the substance With, our, or ic. according to the number of equivalents of the acidifying princi ples the acid contains. Thus one equivalent of oxygen, which Is the general, though not the universal, acidifying principle, and sulphur form sulphurous acid ; two or inure equivalents, sulphuric acid; and the sane with chlorine, iodine, bromine, and fluorine. Acids are distinguished born other substa flees by their powers of dissolving metals. By this system of nomen clature the name of every chemical substance is an index of its component parts. The great advantage of this to the student it incalculable. What clue did spirits of.salt, or oil avitriol, give to thecomponents of these substances. Ai uriatic acid and sulphuric acid, however, furnish the means of ascertaining ;it once the sub , stances and quantities of the elements entering into the cons , pound. Oxygen is not always the acidifying principle. When hydrogen is, we prefix the ssllable hy or hydro, as hydriodic acid; by this we know that iodine is the substance and that hydrogen, not oxygen, is the acidifying principle. By thii means we have an index to the acidifying principle itself as well as the substance acidified. The electro-positive substances form the second class. They are hydrogen. sulphur, phosphorus, boron, nitrogen, and the metals. Now, when, any of these combine together they do not form compounds, the names of which terminate in hie, but terminating in rivet, as sulphttrel of iion, carbut'etted hydrogen, Esc. To these e,e the terms proto,. ter, and pei to indicate the number of equi valents of the first substance which enters into. the compound., Now, we have acids which combine with alkalies and form and the acids nut only bear a name indicatines their composi, lion but the•exact proportions. Thus the salts firmed of those acids ending in 0115 will terminate in its, as sulphurous, sulphur, itu, nitrous, nitrite, &.c.; whilst those salts formed from acids . ending in ic bear the termination ale, as sulphuric, sulphate, nitric, nitrate, Scc. To prove whether this explanation hail been prot4rly under stood, Mr. Hemming put a number of questions to the juvenile, portion of his audience, and in almost every instance the answer was correct. The lecture of to-morrow evening will be unusually interests ing, as Mr. Herniniug will Most rate the application of chemical; affinity to the detection of poisons, such as arsenic, corrosive sublimate, copper, lead, vegetable poisons, the acids, kc. THE THEATRE. • Since our last notice of theatricals the managers have enter ed into on engagement, for a " limited period," with the cele-. touted Miss Kelly, who has established for herself nu mead" name in the metropolis as a dramatist and as a singer. Lust evening we witnessed an entertainment. sustained entirely by herself, which she has entitled " Dramatic, recollections''—a. title of considerable scope as to its signification. In this she presented the audience with several choice and piquant " recol lections" from nature, a/a Matthews. Her style is not so ela borate as that of the above-named unrivalled mimic; not su perfect a scene in itself, in which each actor is by turns and by, the management of countenance and voice presented to the hearer; : taut she presents, in unity, an essential extract its it were, and places the person she would represent vividly before you, and throws such feeling and earnestness into her acting as strongly to rivet attention. Her sketches are brilliant, but the scenery is confined. Without the power of ttiattheW s—that inexhaustible fund of humour — which rendered each mimic scene a perfect farce, she is scarcely less pleasing. As a singer too, she possesses not slight merit ; her voice possesses much melody ; she has con siderable execution, and in the alto notes she has great volume of tone. Her flit-composed brarura, was sung with much talent, , and her " Hope told a flattering tale" i n /1, is a p erfec t ori g inal. The Drama of "Blue Beard," completed the evening's enter tainment, fur the grand procession in Mr. Atkins' large, Elephant and Dromedary were engaged. The piece is got up' with a splendour which is highly creditable to the management. • The procession winding down the hills, in the distroce, previous to its entrance. on the stage, was very well managed. The Elephant behaved with great docility, lowering his immen:e bulk most gracefully, to receive his royal master On his back, as the procession let the stage. This magnificient spectacle was loudly applauded. Mr. G. Horncastle sung and acted, as usual, well. MEETING OF THE INHABITANTS OF To.x.TETH • PARK. Yesterday morning, at half-past nine o'clock. a meeting of the inhabitants of Toxteth Park, was held at the public ogica, St. James's Place, fur tho purpose of determining on the Its.. , ing of a rate for watching that part situate without the boun dary of Liverpool. Mr. Kay was called to the chair. Mr. John Cropper seconded by Mr. Welch, then moved, that the requisition to tire-cwerseers to call the meeting,he placed an the minutes, being for the purpose "of determining wirether the provisions of an Act passed in the 3d and 4th of Win. IV.. CT. 90., relating to watching and lighting, shall he adopted ,ahil cs.tl ried into execution." This was unanimously adopted. It we-L.. then proposed by Mr. John Cropper and seconded by - Mr. John' Welch, "that the provisions as set forth in the Act of Paiftist ment, entitled 'an Act to ',peal an Act of the 11th ear of his late .Majesty, King George IV., for watching and lighting•tflai part of England and Wales, and to make other provisions in lieu thereof,' shall he adopted acid acted upon within that part of the township of Toxteth fur which this meeting was convened." Some discussion took place on this resolution, Mr. Tayleur objecting that unless the rate were made a regular thing including Lark-lane and the hamlets in that district, he should oppose it. He contended that the whole of the inldii-• tants ought to be taxed as well as those having property facing Lark-lane,—and that if a watchman Were not appointed for Lark-lane it would bd of no use having one at all, as that place would then be the resort of thieves who would then he unmo lested. Mr. Smith saw no rea.soniwiiy they should watch Lark lane when the inhabitants did not wish it. The only reason be could see fur it was that it might not be the resort of thieves,— Mr. Yates said lie had the same view as A L . Tayleur, vet he. was willing for the public advantage to l towards the rate,. shout sti his gate was watched by a borough watchman. Severe gentlemen said the conduct of the inhabitants of Lark-lane was very had, dog fights. &c., being of continual occurrence there. The .Chairman said, that the inhabitants of LAI k-lane were willing to be watched but refused to pay fur it as they could not . comtiel them. Mr. Yates said, that was always the Way in those country places they were willing to tie watched tint always re-' fused to pay. The resolution was then carried. The following gentlemen were then proposed by Mt. Ittishby and seconded. by Mr. Morrell, as inspectors:—Messrs. ;loin) Crupper, Smith, Kay, Rd. Yates, and Fletcher. Mr. Fletcher set:united by Mr. Bushbv then . proposed, that .f.:ISO he the rate levied; wh i c h was carried unan i mously. The Chairnian said 'about a Is. rate would cover this. The meeting was then adjourned:. There are now eight conservatit i u the town cooncil of Coventry; last Vear there were hut four. How can the whil..,- radicals account for the double number otherwise than on the principle of eowervative reaction ?—Coventry paper. A litorAb PcN.—When a noble Admiral. of the White, well. the cheerful, affable Monarch, known for his gallant spirit, his gentlemanly manners, and ittht hno . st as white ;to the newly-fill, goodness of heart, was iutroduced to Wilhltt, the l'itett h,,t 0 . r ,,_ tiou:inkinthgaantkhsisfohra ihli.swihiriociiiiii:,t,,:soi,: len snow, joco s e ly , exclaimed, Wnite at the 111111), Adnii . ral t white at the main ! '— The Laird of L ay „, t. BANK of ENGLAND. — The following w a , , Pi. , teit at the Bank n and alter (f t I t e hi.e9 I r s l i at i l li k st o ., f ; I:h g e iv G e i l ' i v :;; F iC t ! ) , E tl it ia n' t i o C3l"a " . tE t h i V al , °l i l; ll ‘il i nt ie gil: r e j ,. a e' t b‘ iy to receive applica 1i 1 . 'such ,I . oans to be' re-paid on or be. ~ . Bills of 1 ,,,,,,, F __,__, ,„ . ins for loans on The de-, posit. to , angt, I,Aellequer Bills East I - I . I " _ m.la _oti_s, fore ( e )t. I t t l e i other 161 approved jan securities, , ,with Interest at the rate of r be - cent. per, annum, and to be for stuns not less than 10U0 chi Bank of England, Nov. 19. 1 —St an d ar d. eaarr. The Bishop of Ripon has been pleased , to appoint the Rev.. Charles M usgra% e, B.D. Vicar of Halifax, and formerly Fellow of 'Trinity College, Cambridge . . to the Archdeacoury of Cra‘'lni, in his Lordship's - newly-created diocese. Mr. Milsgrace has signified to the Master and Fellows or Trinity College, the pa trons, his ittiention of resigning the Vicarage of Whitkirk. - .. HyDitOPHOBIA AT NORIVICIL—We are sorry to• have to re late one of the most shocking occurrences that has taken place in this city for some time. About three months ago as Mr. Ben jamin Lamb, late of the King's Head Inn. Saint James's. was on the bowling green at the Duke of York's Gardens, in Pock thorpe, a dog with which be was playing snapped at him and slightly wounded his thumb. No notice was taken of it at the tune, but in consequence of something further occurrin g , the dog was destroyed the next day. The wound soon healed, hift Mr. Lamb occasionally felt a twitching at the end of the thumb, and expressed a hope that it was not _in consequence of this bite. Thus the matter remained till Tuesday last, when in the evening Mr. Lamb felt considerable pain in the thumb and arm. Mr. Phillippo, with Dr. Lubbock, administered such medicine as was thought necessary, and left hint. On Wednesday morning, on some medicine being offered to him, he shuddered at it, and begged it might be taken away. Ile-continued in this state till Thursday morning, when the dreadful disease of hydrophobia exhibited itself in its worst character. Nothing conid be takert by the the unfortunate sufferer, the slightestmovementof any thing °lapel taining to liquid or swallowing created the most dreadful convulsions; he told the four men wbo were piesentto hold hini when the fits were coming on, nod when they might leave him; his sufferings were dreadful in the extreme. and 1 1" 11 " 14 t o i i o e t e i , was ailci in this miserable state till Friday morning. . hen a ." l s t c n r - I ) i e ut : t e medical skill could do afforded any relief. Mr. Lamb ei!ntiouter! period,_, to his sufferings. It is utterly impe-sible!?.ote,,.,,dit,ibtot t and pro thenorrinle sight for the last t weici o nli t i ;r ,f h , oil ai r:: :,:eirnse u xe. registers,tt.eeenning ;IN l .avhinitc:i,i, five minutes after the hut fit, - c almly and , I" , e c tlY. — N ur iiii i k Chronicle. The division of tha ; chest-voice re I . '. the violent and frequent use of the ~...1 , re petto,) dosing i r:e g L su ll t i :l ) t: e A o: N f s h he: ° f r a c tL — r : s i. l u ' e n iq u o.c u a l i c e a i li t i l . t c , l ) if not invented by lout, was einl,l..ffeu, this carried to its utmost extent. 15y th d is weans he . made a con-. Inc att em pt ; h tiltir : a s ° It wasat' though h acquired l c ie daughter ma r lo p nd c 'eo' s : s lh't e :l: :: 7 e r d li i: tpul'it;;;eawlasstrePnr:dtsu"uffsie. i en t: t o I s ' e i r i . l e ce " l a n t : . l t .e n:e f't a n nTv e t ts l a l l, 4 t v l; ' e d e e ff n u i l e •t d .b i y t ~gi h and, although it is scarcely one noble voice was destroyed in pursue gore thati the arduous course, even she was compelled' to exert litt• own to be doubted that the mental good sense and prudence in . fill - filling the tasks •- • 'l' Impose( upon sod bodily fatigue ha (: e u s " hor i ettec c her iiieteo.likts as a girl most, in.auy case, her. Nevertheless, was anr extent o. compass that.t career. Ilti reward, however, enabled her to cope. with any singer, with any muste, and a variety of toll , that fitted her alike for the expression of the deepest path(); or the lightest archness. Her startling execution was the mull of - the same ' causes; for, st t maiib l i g . e as the opinion may appear, it is nevertheless true that ait's voice and execution were comparatively -• made by th e . ' • i • her knowledge mAisc , saute proce.:.. 1.1,1 t k and science as a 1 lan w 6r, ‘ ^' gained by labour.—/Vcr Monthly Magazine.' 14117, LIVERPOOL STAN6AIi6. "The preparation of the heart in man is of the Lord." ' Dili gent activity in the use of means in an obvious and imperative duty; knowledge of every description is good; but God is a jealous God, and will never give to the schools of unaided na tural science that saving light which shines exclusively in the temple of revelation. Mr. Rathbone says:— " A few months back our Corporation, • • • considering that the schools were for all sects, agreed to make trial of the plan of the Irish hoard, which, while it gives general education, and a knowledge of parts of the Bible to all sects in common, secures to each a knowledge of the version of the Scriptures, the creeds, and Catechisms, of their own ehnr;•hes, under their respective minis ters; thus leaving freedom of odinion untouched, while the most complete religious education is, as far as possible, secured to all." The resolution of the council is, "that the clergy of the different denominations be solicited to attend for these purposes, and that every practicable accommodation he afforded them." And Mr. Rathbone's reading of this, is, that religious instruction, is secured to the children under their respective ministers. Where, I ask, is the security ? Suppose the ministers did not choose or had not time to attend, what have you done as patrons to secure religious instruction in the schools? Suppose such regulations adopted as to exclude some ministers : suppose the whole Bible read, which would exclude the Roman catholic priests, then what have you done to secure religious instruction for the Roman catholic children ? Or, suppose the Bible not read, which would exclude true christian ministers, then what have you done to secure religious instruction for the protestant chil dren? If you say it is uncharitable and unchristian in pro testant ministers to allow the absence of the whole Bible during school hours to keep them away : we reply, it is at least equally uncharitable and unchristian in Roman catholic ministers to allow the presence of the whole Bible during school hours to keep them away. If you say the Roman catholics have a conscience in this matter: we reply, so have we. If you say, you were bound to change the original arrangement of the schools for their sakes: we reply, you are equally bound to change the pre sent arrangement for our sakes. The schools are now as ex clusively Roman catholic, as they were exclusively -protestant. Your avowed object was to have schools which should not he exclusive, but it is an object absolutely unattainable. If you pay attention to the conscientious scruples of Roman Catholics against whole Bible reading, and refuse to pay similar attention to the conscientious scruples of protest ants against the want of whole Bible reading : then you not only cease to give that high preference to the word of God to which it is entitled from every man; but also, even upon your own principles, you confessedly cease to be impartial represen tatives of the population of the town—impartial guatdiaus of the public purse. If you say the extracts used in the schools are intended to meet the difficulty, and please all parties; we reply, first, the Irish extracts are unfairly made. To prove this as it deserves would swell this letter to an inconvenient length, I shall, therefore, take the liberty of addressing another letter to you expressly upon this point. We reply, secondly, that no extracts as substitutes for the Bible during school hours can meet the difficulty. We value extracts, fairly made, as helps for convenience and economy; but as substitutes we utterly repudiate them. The elements you have to deal with, are like the iron and clay i❑ the prophetic image. They will not amalgamate. The whole system of the Irish board is the abortive attempt of men with whom religion is but one among many things; and it is in the highest degree offensive, and distressing to men with whom religion is THE oN E thing needful, which pervades all things. Addressing you respecting the proposal recently made, that you should give up the schools, Mr. Rathbone says : " And on what plea would you abandon the schools ? Not on the plea of failure ; kir everything we have done promises even more success than we anticipated from it. And that the majority of the children are Catholic, is proof only of their greater want of schools, and of the zeal with which our opponents unscrupulously lay hold of every passion on which they can work, to alarm the Protestant parents, and induce them to prefer for their children the probability of the Bridewell to the school-room and the Bible." Here is a-charge against the opponents of the present school system, that we labour to induce protestant parents to prefer for their children th , 3 probability of the bridewell to the school room AND the Bible. It is unnecessary to pen an answer to this. It carries with it more than its own refutation. I feel confident that it will recoil heavily upon all who support it, and I would respectfully suggest to you the propriety of rescuing yourselves from all suspicion of being parties to it. Is the prompt contri bution of £ll,OOO for Bible schools an inducement to protestant parents to prefer the probability of the bridewell to the school room and the Bible ? But lam ashamed to argue against such a charge. Mr. Rathbone says : lerday evening, at the Vine Tavern, Pitt-street, at which Mr. 4 atitbone and several others of the Corporation School Committee a ttended, for the purpose of answering any questions relative to the t ort' slander, which asserts that the Bible is excluded from these schools. Mr. Rathbone said, not merely were selections from the Bible made, but the whole Bible was used. Mr. Blackburn said the Bible was daily read in those schools. That it was not was but an assertion, and need be only me'. by a direct negative. Mr. Walinsley, who was loudly called fur, said that the Bible, 4 nmutaated, was part of the daily routine of the schools. how see. the premises and see the conclusion. The Bible i s excluded from the Irish system ; the Irish system is 11 doPtecl in Liverpool—ergo, the Bible is not excluded from the Liverpool schools. (Loud cheers.) Two affirmative anises bringing in a negative conclusion! (Loud cheers.) Here my assertion that you have excluded th e Bible from your schools is reiterated, not retracted; and reiterated on the authority of your own resolution, which expressly and peremptorily • confines you to the books used to the Irish system. But I laid further :—" I cannot con :4l2de without congratulating this meeting and the whole upon the grativing fact that the resolution of our Town `'° ll neil, adopting the Irish system of education in their s chools, and thereby excluding the Bible, has been prac tically rescinded. if it be not rescinded, the Bible is still excluded ; but, upon the combined and unanswerable testi l'seuy of Mr. Rathbone, Mr. Blackburn, and Mr. Walmsley, I In'aeliiira the cheering intelligence that the Bible is nut exclud sd, and, consequently, the resolution of July is practically re scinded!" Mr. Rathbone bails this statement as an acknowledg °lent o u my part that the Bible is not excluded from your s chools. Is he prepared to deal fairly with the whole passage— ', adopt the alteruative therein stated, and to avow that the r esolution of the council, in July, is practically rescinded? If this be s o , an d y ou be disposed to agree with him, permit me respectfully to suggest that it would be more becoming the " I guity of a public body openly to repeal the resolution in question, by a counter resolution, that your words and actions m ay be in unison, than to proceed practically to violate your "It recorded pledge. But if Mr. Rathbone be not prepared to deal fairly with the whole passage, and will not avow that the t !solution , of July is practically rescinded, then I have only to direct your attention to the alternative stated in my speech— ' i f it be not rescinded, the Bible is still excluded." And, in ei ther case, it is imperative upon me to say that the statement ventained in Mr. It athbone's letter is not borne out by any thing thave ever said or written. 2. I did and dowsed that the reading of the whole bible ie in opposition to the Irish plan of education; and I make th is assertion on the authority of Lord Stanley's letter to the Duke Leinster. Concerning the Kildare Place Society, then carrying on scriptural education, his Lordship writes : • ' While they (the government) do full justice to the liberal views ‘'lLlt which that society was originally instituted, they cannot but sensible that one of its leading principles was calculated to defeat iravowed objects, as experience has subsequently proved that it 48 . The determination to enforce in all their schools the reading the holy scriptures, without note or comment, was undoubtedly len with the purest motives, with the wish at once to connect re- Igiolis with moral _and literary education, aud, at the same time , not t o run the risk of wounding the peculiar feelings of any sect by eate thetical instruction, or comments which might tend to subjects of 1 1 :lernical controversy. But it seems to have been overlooked that inte principles of the'Roman Catholic church (to which, any system .ended for general diffusion throughout Ireland, the bulk of the 1 " - ?its must necessarily belong) were totally at variance with this !W neipl e ; and that the indiseriminate reading of the holy scripture, without note or comment, by children, most be peculiarly ob- n9.,xious to a church which denies, even fo adults, the right of un ;red private interpretation of the sacred volume with respect to the e articles of religious belief. Shortly after its institution, although society prospered and extended its operations under the foster lug are of the l eg islature this vital defect began to be noticed, and the Zc►msuccess Catholi c c l e r g y began to exert themselves with energy and an q u legainst a system to which they were on principle opposed, inch they feared might lead in its results to proselytism, even although no such object were contemplated by its promoters. n this opposition arose, founded on such grounds, it soon be `time manifest that the system could not become one of national education." The vital defect of the Kildare-place system was the reading of the Bible in the school hours. The present Irish system was instituted for the express purpose remedying this defect. Was this purpose answered, and this defect remedied, or not? To say it was not e is to stultify the whol e pro cee di ng , an d t o c harge the Government o f whi c h L or d St anley was then the organ, with wilful deception. They hold clll , that th e Kild are Pl ace s ystem has a vital def ec t, t o w it,— • the reading o f th e Bibl e ,—and could not therefore become na .tish4l. They withdraw their grant of public money from it on k account. They institute another system, which is to be na tional, voting it a much larger grant, and behold ! it contains I.lle aforesaid vita: defect : nay, Mr. Rathbone says, that one of its declared objects is to eromote the vital defect. Lord Stanley de scribes th e t rue an d l e ading object of the present Irish sys t**"l 1 " Le', avoid what was fatal in a stems, former temS, that , i 4 •athe reading of the whole Bible. Mr. Rathbone declares ilm ' 4, " of the o bj ec t s o r the present hails system is to promote it, e ` t '"liug of the whole Bible. I take the liberty of agreeing " No party ever gained in the long run by following expediency when principle was concerned; where that is once done, confidence is justly shaken in such men ever after." In this sentiment I am happy cordially to coincide, but the application of it which Mr. Rathbone has manifested, is to me, I must confess, utterly unintelligible. On the 9th instant, Mr. Rathbone said in the council, that " he had no objection to avow himself publicly to be an unitarian dissenter :" and in the same speech, he said, " That he had often attended the schools when those who ought to do so purposely absented themselves, (he meant the clergy of the Church of England.) and on those occasions he had taught the catechism of the Church of England. and given, as far as he could, ass exposition of it the children." That is, he deliberately taught as truth to the children, what he conscientiously believes to be falsehood and idolatry. As what is called an unitarian dissenter, he avows himself one of a class who believe that the doctrine of original sin, and of God's anger against infants is false; yet he taught and expounded to the children as truth, that they were born in sin and children of wrath. He believes that Jesus Christ is a creature; yet he taught and expounded to the children that Jesus Christ is God. He does not believe that there is any such distinct person as the Holy Ghost; yet he taught the children to say, I believe in God the Holy Ghost, and expounded it to them! Here is a pli ancy of principle descending so low, that there remains no lower ground for expediency to stand on. This is the principle of expediency superseding practically the principle of conscience and truth. 'Well may we exclaim, where this is once done, confidence is justly shaken in such men ever of ter. Mr. Rathbone says : " If you give up the 4chools on the ~ ,r ound of their unpopularity, how can y o u expect government to risk what your reform corpora tion feel they have not strength to stand against ; and when our unfortunate failure will have added greatly to their discourage ment ?" This is an appeal upon party politics, and I therefore decline any reply. I do not indeed shrink, and I trust I never ,shall, from maintaining, publicly and privately, the great principles of scriptural politics in the face of men of all parties.• Those principles may be thus comprehensively stated. The revealed - "cord of God is the only sure standard of moral right and wrong ; and what is morally wrong can never be politically right. Con sequently the true basis of all sound government, is Revelation with its immutable announcements, and not population in its fluctuating majorities. But, notwithstanding all that has been sneeringly said against me as a political parson, it is a fact into which I respectfully challenge inquiry, that I have never belonged to any political society of any description, or de scended into the arena of political partizanship among men. Were I, on the present occasion, to speak as a party politician, I would counsel you by all means to retain the schools under the present arrangement, and thus to keep yourselves in arrayed hostility against the protestant intelligence and scriptural pre dilections of the town. In conclusion, gentlemen, permit me to assure you, that if any of you, or any other of our fellow-townsmen, conceive that I am guilty of misrepresentation, either in the case of any in dividual, or any system; nothing will be more congenka to my feelings than a personal interview with such person or persons. I shall candidly state the documentary evidence on which I have grounded my assertions, and if it shall be fairly proved to me that I am mistaken, I shall thankfully acknowledge my error. The simple and single desire of my soul has been to teach the truth as it is in Jesus, the Saviour of sinners, and the " Prince of the Kings of the Earth;" and a midst the unkind and uncan (lid treatment which I .have had to e ncounter, I have the more than recompensing consolation of knowing that many, very many, have received that truth 'in love. It will add much to my best happiness if I may be the humble instrument of bringing before any of your minds the true view of the momentous sub ject on which you are about to l eg i s late. It is indeed momen tous, involving the present and eternal interests of so many immortal beings. It is my earnest. prayer that you may each be led to feel the responsibility of your position, and Le saved from " rushing upon the thick bosses of the Almighty's buckler.' For God is very jealous for his word. " Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall k‘ as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust ; because they have cast away the law of the Lord of Hosts, and DESPISED T H E WORD o f the Hol y one of Israel." with Lord Stanley upon this point, and I cannot doubt that you Isaiah v., 21. If any man shall add unto these things, will agree with toe. In the light of this conclusion , y ou will see that your own resolution to adopt the present Irish sysicm, Gird shall add unto him the plagues that are written in and confine yourselves to the use of their books , and no this book : and if any man sha ll take away f rom the words of other, fully justifies all I have said upon the subject. the book of this prophecy , God s hall take awa y his part out of the book of life, and out of the hol y city, and front the things On the subject of education generally, Mr. Rathbone sa y s:— which are written in this book. Reve lations xxii. 18, 19. " For some timeand arithmetic were considered education, without any attention to that moral training which With such words before me, I confess I tremble at the thought should ensure these powerful tools being well used. When the defects of of this education' were felt, much pains were successfully bestow- e xtracts, and unfair extracts, as s ubstitutes for the Bible, ed, in soma schools, on intellectuol development. lint though in- during any one hour of the day. tellectual development acted favourably on moral character, it was not sufficient to overcome the evil influences to which the children were, in many cases, exposed out of doors. Well-conducted infant schools showed how these evil influences might lw successfully met, and how diligent !Nora' training could implant moral and religious principle sir firmly that under the must adverse circumstances the infants have continued honest, trusting in, and trying to please, their heavenly "Father with a simplicity and entireness of faith that forcibly recalls that ' of such is the kingdom of heaven.' " We highly value reading, writing, arithmetic, intellectual de velopement, and moral training; but all these combined are not, and never can be sufficient to overcome the evil influences to which children are exposed, both in-doors and out of doors. The word of God describes religious principle as implanted by the Holy Spirit; represents the object of a sinful creature's trust to he the Lord Jesus Christ, and him crucified, the just for the unjust; and declares, that "except a man be born again he cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven." But Mr. ltathbone's statements on this vital subject are entirely divested of any re ference to the Lord Jesus Christ, or the Holy Spirit, or the in ward and spiritual change declared by our Saviour to be indis pensable. And we can have no hesitation in affirming, that suck religion as is manifested in this passage of Mr. Rathbone's letter, in addition to reading, writing, arithmetic, intellectual developement, and moral training, can never prove sufficient to overcome the evil influences to which children are exposed I am, gentlemen, With much respect, Your obedient servant, HUGH M‘NEILE. St. Jude's, 18th November, 1836. To THE LICENSED VICTUALLERS OF LIVERPOOL. FELLOW TOWNSMEN !--I am proud to say that many of your body have nobly performed their duty at the recent Election of Town Councillors. You have not been deterred from doing so by the threats of those men who have been placed in power by your unrequited exertions. They have done alt they could to oppress you since their elevatio❑ above their fellow-townsmen. And,to add insult to tyranny, they tell you that, though you may turn the Councillors out, the Magistrates are in for life— that they can do as they please—grant as many fresh licensee as they like annually—and refuse the renewal of as many others ' as they choose. Will they not do all this, if left i❑ power? — Yes ; for revenge is one of the most prominent characteristics of Whiggerv. But what says the London evening organ of the Radicals—the Globe ?It says that as soon as Lords Melbourne and John Russell are turned out—which they evidently antici pate—one of the first measures of the Conservatives, upon their accession to office, will be, to turn out all the recently appointed imbeciles who disgrace the magistracy. Let this come to pass as soon as possible is my ardent wish. lam sure that the in fluential body which I . now address, will do all in their power to facilitate the downfal of the junta that now rules over us. Let our cry then be, " Saadon and Canning fin . Ever ! I atn.• &c. A LICENSED VICTUALLER,. THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE WHIGS' ABAN DONMENT OF MR. JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM. TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STSND.IRD. When Lord Heytesbury's appointment to the Governor Ge neralship of India was annulled by the exercise of the Minis terial prerogative,—Lord Auckland was appointed upon the nomination, and through the influence of the Marquis of Lane downe. But this lucrative situation was not granted to the Marquis's nominee unopposed ; indeed, it required all the power which his wealth, boroughs, and talents gave hint over the rest of the Cabinet to enable him to carry his point To confirm this nomination, however, the approval of the East India Company was requisite;—and on its being taken into discussion by the Directors,—they were so annoyed at the substitution of a man of no, or at least of unknown abilities, for one of such generally acknowledged talents as Lord Heytes bury, that they not only refused to ratify Lord A's. appoint ment,—but on a division, they voted next to unanimously, namely 22 to 1 against it. Well, what was to be done with all the fat in the fire! The majority of the Cabinet, as sensible as the East India Company of the inefficiency of Lord Auckland, requested the Marquis of Lansdowne to withdraw his protege's name. No! he held out with the threat that if he did not carry his point, the Ministry should be broken up. By the way, - I. ought (to be very correct,) to state, that it was the Marchiones who made the threat. Be that as it may, the effect was the same, and a confidential communication was immediately open ed with the Board of Directors for the purpose of obtaining their withdraWal of their veto, and to give them a "quid pro quo" for the same. Lord Aukland was sent out Governor General of lndia,—and Mr. Buckingham's claims were thenceforward burked most unceremoniously by the Whig Ministers and under lings;—that being one (of many) of the s e cr e t c onditions of the T reaty of Peace. -No wonder Cam Hobhouse lost his tem per and prudence, under the pressure of the galling burden he was compelled to bear, when he said to Mr. Buckingham, who upbraided him with his inconsistency,—" Why did you not bring it forward when Sir Robert Peel was in power? then we could all have voted with you" (! !) Here ends my narrative :—I have no objection to vouch for its veracity, as delivered to me, (or rather in a conversation in which I bore a part,) by Mr. Buckingham himself, with whom I dined at Mr. C's, recently. Mr. C. asked him if he had any proof of this account, —he replied, he rested upon the facts as evidence of such a compact, but, that he had more explicit data to fill up every outline, but that he was not at liberty yet to publish them. The communication (to him) could have taken place only, in confidence, or rather through a breach of confidence,—but that I have nothing to do with, as he mention ed it openly and unreservedly .—l am, Sir, Yours.VlN &c.,DE.X. Birmingham. THE CORPORATION S MAR SCH SAND THE OLD GROOL. LIVERPOOL POLICE ATTEMPTED BuiscidattV.—On Friday, at, the pi-bike-eft - lee, three young men, reputated thieves, of teat " haug•do4" appear ance, named John Stuart, Richard Pendleton, and John P. were brought before the Magistrates, charged with having at tempted to enter the house of Mr. Samuel iSsight, in Rodney street, the night previous. Inspector Poole deposed that on that morning, .about half-past one o'clock, as he was passing down Reduey-street, along with an officer, he heard a noise like that of the falling of a long sweeping. broam. The officer and he then got over the wall of Mr. Samuel Bright's back premises, where the noise cause films, and found the three prisouers concealed in an out-house used fur cleaning shoes. He alarmed the family, to see that all was right, and they found that they had made an attempt to break into the house but had not succeeded. The men when found were without their shoes. He then took them down to Duncan-street Bridewell, and on Stuart was found a key and a box of matches. On one of the other prisoners was found a knife ground for the purpose of cutting out pannels. As he was taking them to Bridewell they told hint that " if he had stopped had stopped half an hour longer they. should have completed their job." On going that morning to inspect the premises 'where the prisoners had been concealed he found three skeleton keys, three pair of shoes, which the prisoners claimed as theirs, a jemmy, used for forcing doors, and a dark lanthoru. Ile examined the window leading into the butler's pantry, where they had been climbing up. He saw some marks in the putty of the window, and on applying the knife to thesl, which ha had found on the prisoner Stuart, he fmnd that it fitted exactly. They had climbed on a bucket turned upside down, and appeared to have knocked down the brush whilst trying the window. The servant-man of Mr. Bright deposed that he had locked up the house at bed time and went to bed a little before eleven o,clock. The back door was also fastened, and the prisoners must have got over the wall. The policeman, Wilcockson, who was with Inspector Poole, gave similar evidence. On hearing the stick fall, his inspector told him he had better get over the wall of the yard; he did so, and on searching about in the out-house he felt one of the prisoners with his hand. He immediately gave the alarm and obtained further assistance, and secured them. He asked them how long they had been there, and they replied " since half-past eight o'clock; that they had not made an attempt on the house, but were just going to begin, and that they had dined in Kirkdale last Christmas and they would deny there this Christmas and pass the winter over there. The prisoners in de fence, who seemed to have au idea of the legal responsibility they had incurred, all positively denied that they attempted to break into the house—that that was only their intention. The depositions for their commitment for the misdetueauour were ordered to be taken. THE SPANISH LEGION.—On Friday, at the police-office, one of those wretched and much - to - be - p itied men who had lately arrived from Colonel Evans's troop of " heroes" was placed at the bar under a charge of having thrust his hand through a baker's shop window and taken a loaf out. The prisoner said be had returned about tour or five weeks ago from Spain, where be had been in the army. His name, he said, was Patrick Egan, he was a native of Ireland, and had been in Liverpool for some weeks expecting to get a passage to his own country. He had been at the parish office but Was - refused a passage there. The reason the poor fellow gave for the act was sheer starvation. We never saw a man whose countenance exhibited such unequivocal tokens of a completely broken down spirit; whilst his emaciated frame and tattered garments showed be yond contradiction that humanity had been tried to its last stage of endurance. The magistrates had a communication with Mr. Evans, of the parish-office, and he was forwarded to Ireland, Mr. Hall, we believe, paying the damage for the window. THE POLICE AND THEIR " INSTRVCTIONS."—On Friday, at the police-office a respectable-looking man was brought up in " durance vile," charged on suspicion, under the " instructions given to the police." Policeman Mo. 218, a smart looking fellow, who seemed to " bear his blushing honours" with much satisfaction to himself, after two or three preliminary " hems" and a complacent smile, which appeared to be catching, for the magistrates smiled to, said, " Agreeablee to. the derecslauns given to the pelese, I have lived for some months in the uaber nil of my beat, and have become acqueuted with the manners, habits, customs, occupations, businesses, dispositions, tempers, and way of life of the iuhabitene—a-hem—and, sir, I have known this snail (who is a middle-aged man and a grocer) to be a very disorderly individual, getting . drunk constant, and by , continial habit and practice. Last night, I met him going to wards this lady's house (pointing to a female behind him) with this poker in his hand, evidently with an evil intention, and in a shocking state of ineebreety—a-hem—(smiling at the magis trates, who smiled again.) I kuow'd he had often been at this teddy's, and had grosely insulted her several times; and, as he was in the bract of going down towards her house with this poker in his hand I took him into custody. My object is to check his conduct. I believe he has been under bail a short time before—a-hem." Mr. Hall.—" Why do you go to her house?" Prisoner.—" Because she interferes rather more iu my house than she ought. If I had been myself I would not have gone near her." Mr. Hall.—" Vie must protect her; probably you would have offered souse violence it you had not been stopped in so going. Pay ss. for being drunk." The " enehreeous individual," on paying the, flue was discharged. LA BELLE ALLIANCE.—On Saturday, at the Police-office, Peter Burns, who burns with a wicked furor for irregular ap propriation, was placed before Mr. Hall, charged by a knight of the order of St. Crispin with having, robbed him. It appears that, on the preceding day, the prisoner had entered the shop of the worthy bootmaker, and had requested to be furnished forthwith with a pair of bouts. The shopkeeper, perceiving that, though the. prisoner wanted part of his stuck iu trade, he did not encourage the stocking trade, (for he was absolutely without stockings) and moreover, that he was bootless, told him, that it was bootless for him to look upon his shelf, for he had no boots that would fit him. The prisoner found that he must alter his measures, and requested that the complainant would take his meas ure. The latter declined, unless he would encase his dirty understandings in stockings. The prisoner departed for this purpose, and, after a time, returned with his feet more fittingly I clad than with the mire of the streets. The shopkeeper and the prisoner were preparing their measures at the same time, for, while the latter was cutting a strip of paper and adapting his rule, the latter was preparing for a cut of a different description according to the rule of his profession. According to the tech nicality of the shopkeeper, lie hail taken a Wellington and a Blucher out of the window, and had put them together under his coat, thus forming a ilea' Belle Alliance, and was reaching out.towards someCossaeks; which he doubtless thought would be very agreeable companions for the noble pair which he had concealed, whets he, saw the eve of the shopkeeper's daughter fixed upon him. He immediately darted out of the shop wills . the booty already obtained. The shopkeeper's daughter gave the alarm to her father, informing hint of the capture of Wel lington and Blucher. The man of wax waxed wroth, that such a juvenile should enter his shop and rob him in the open face of Day and Martin. " Does he tak e me and m y daughter fur a pair of pumps ?" thought he. Without wasting another word he gave chace, and caught the thief at no great distance, with the property in his possession. The prisoner was described, by one of the slicers of the court, as one of "the most noted thieves in Liverpool." lie was committed fur trial. THEFT.—Yesterday at the police office, amongst several cases of a similar nature, a sharp looking lad about 13 years old, named Thomas O'Neal, having a very distant acquaintance with soap and water, was brought before the magistrates under a charge of having stolen a turkey oa Saturday night from a stall in St. John's market. A market woman named Jane Col linson stated that she was very busy selling, and on turning round she saw the boy tunning out of the dour with a turkey in his hand. She pursued hint, and gave him into custody. On being asked what he had to say in his defence, the prisoner, who could scarcely see above the bar, having pumped the salt water to high-water mark, said he was looking at the turkey and g oing to buy it, when some lads ran p as t with a g oose which they had been stealing, and several persons were running after them, and he forgot he had the turkey in his hand. and ran to see what was. the matter, when he was taken into custody. (Laughter.) Parkinson, the 13rideweli-keeper, said he knew him to be a thief : he had been dismissed from the service of a tobacconist for stealing. He was committed for 14 days to the borough jail. AN UNSOPHISTICATED —Yesterday at the police-office, a young man named Benjamin Martin, who appeared the picture of simplicity, appeared before the magistrates to complain against a disorderly female named Sarah Owens, for having at tempted to rob hint of his clothes on Sunday night. The com plainant stated that he was going along Byrom-street on Sun day night, when the prisoner and another girl overtook and got hold of him by each arm, and asked hint to treat them. They then dragged him into a house in Lace-street, and attempted to strip him of his clothes ; they tore his waistcoat off, and tried to get his boots off, but could nut. here were three girls; two of them held hint whilst the other robbed him and tried to get off his clothes. They :took 4s. from-him, and cut his straps to get his boots off. A policeman belittle met. the complainant at the corner of Lace-street crying at the loss of his waistcoat ; he seemed as if he had had some drink, and his nose was bleeding. He then went with him to the house where he said he had been robbed, when he Immediately -identified the prisoner. They found there the prisoner's dickey, all bloody, and his gloves also bloody. The informations were ordered to be taken for the prisoner's trial at the Sessions.. ROBBERY.--Yesterday, at the Police-office, a lad named Joseph Knox was brought up charged with having robbed the Shop of . Mr. Cassel, in Byrom-street, of a hat the same morning. Mr. Cassel deposed that he kept a shop in Byrom-street, and that morning, about nine o'clock, he was in his kitchen, whets his daughter gave an alarm that a boy had run away with a hat. Ile ran out, and caught• him with it. Miss Cassel deposed that she saw the boy run out of the shop with a - hat, and she then alarmed her father. Parkinson, the Bridewell-keeper, said that the prisoner had only come out of Kirkdale a week before, where ho had been for -three months. Mr. Hall said it was right hie eareerehould be'thecked, and ordered the informations for his committal to be taken. ,STASHlNG.—Yesterday, at the Police-office, a well-known thief, on whose face scoundrel was written in most legible cha racters, named. Robert Taylor, was brought before the magis trates charged with having stabbed in the neck with,a penknife a man named Thomas Canovan. The complainant, who ap peared very pale, and with a handkerchief tied under his chin, deposed that the night before he was standing at the top of Cumberland-street, when the prisoner ran past very quick, and gave him a stab in the neck with a penknife. He had had no quarrel with hint, but had stood by when he had had a quarrel with another man, and the prisoner about five minutes after, when he was standing alone with his hands in his pockets, stab bed him. A witness, the person wiith whom the prisoner had had the quarrel, deposed to the same facts; he saw the prisoner strike the complainant. •An officer deposed that between seven and eight o'clock he was at his beat in Cumberland-street, and saw the prisoner go up to the last witness and challenge hint to fight; he ordered them aivay,'and went to the end of his beat, and on returning he met a crowd bringing a man bleeding, and he took him to a CloCtor's•shop. He inquired if the man was badly hurt, and the surgeon replied he was indeed ; that, if the wound had been a quarter of an inch further, he would have been de ad in a minute. He then took the prisoner i n to custod y . The prisoner denied that it was he who stabbed the complainant. Both the complainant and his witness, however, positively swore that he was the man. Mr. Hall said there was no period of imprisonment which the magistrates could inflict which would be sufficient punishment for so atrocious an act ; they should, therefore, send him to take his trial at the sessions. TO THE EDITOR OF THE, LIVERPOOL STANDARD SlK,—Having perused in your paper of yesterday a letter signed "An Old Freeman," I am thereby induced to address you ou the present position of our corporation schools. Al though I cannot satisfy his inquiry respecting the extent and endowment of the " Old School, in School-lane," et I have always understood that there was formerly a free school in Li verpool (probably a Free Grammar School) in which, whatever might be the privileges of freemen, all classes of society were indiscriminately instructed; but, that on the decease of the last master, the fabric itself WAS dissolved, and the funds for a while disappeared altogether from the view of a deeply-interested public. Indeed, I write advisedly in referring to an opinion of the late J. B. Ilollinshead, Esq., who,. when requested during his mayoralty, about fourteen years ago, to promote the erec tion of additional schools in the more populous parts of the town, answered, "that it was wished by some of the corporation to build such in lieu of the old Free School." Hence, I con ceive, the present schools originated, as substitutes for the one in School-lane. Be that, however, as it may, if party spirit now rums so high as to prevent a union both iu opinion and in practice; or; if one class. of professing christians be virtually excluded for the indulgence of others, surely it becomes the trustees of such a charity to retrace their steps, and to legislate anew for the public advantage. If, again, almost every church and chapel has its own peculiar school, and if a variety of ethers afford instruction for the more wealthy inhabitants of Liverpool, does not something seem wanting for the education of those who are connected with the less opulent tradesmen and indus trious operatives ? Instead, therefore, of attempting tu con tinue the present delusive system, or even to adopt the prefer able proposition of selling the two schools, it does, I think, be hove the corporation to consider how far these institutions might be converted to a much greater good, by being appropriated to an intermediate class of children, and partially endowed for the encouragement of efficient masters. Thus, were i:100 per an num allowed to the head master of each school, together with a suitable contiguous residence; were a limited number of bee men's children gratuitously educated ; were those who are in structed in English, writing, and arithmetic, required to pay t wo guineas per annum, whilst those who, in addition thereto are taught Greek and Latin, should pay double that sum; were some such system as this adopted, I for one cannot but think that much more benefit, as well as satisfaction, would soon be apparent. Moreover, whilst no man's mere ipse dixit should unduly influence the public mind, it is equally true that mo deration, both in opinion and conduct, should actuate ail con flicting parties: " Est modus in rebus, runt certi denique fines ; Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum." I would, therefore, in conclusion, humbly address myself to the Common Council in particular, as stewards of the public purse of Liverpool, and also to t he inhabitants in genet al of this.great commercial city, iu order that they may unite in harmony and good-will to effectuate, or at least to consider, this plan pr E oposed, Sir, by yours, faithfully, NMO. Liverpool, N o vember 16th, 1836. 0 LECTURE 11. On Saturday evening John Hamming, Esq., delivered , his second lecture to an increasing audience, which he illustrated throughout with a number pleasing experiments. A number of laws have been laid down, according to which chemical affinities act, but several of them are either superflu ous or absurd. The first law, " that chemical affinity can only take place between different bodies," is superfluous, as chemi cal affinity can only take place between bodies of a different kind • for if we mix water with water, oil with oil, alcohol with alcohol, the mixture will be still water, oil, or alcohol, as the case may be. There will be no change in the properties of the substances whatever, and, therefore, the mixture is merely me chanical. The second law is, that it will take place only be tween the Minutest atoms. This must be superfluous, for ultimate particles can only unite with ultimate particles. The third law is, that it can take place between two, three, four, or more bo dies at the same time We have many cases in chemistry where it takes place between many substances. Thus term- Cyanuret of potassium, or prusstate of potash, is composed of iron cyanogen and potass, which are formed of six different ele ments, viz., iron, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydros:eta and potassium. If we take up the most minute portion of this sub stance dissolved in water, each separate portion, however minute,' will contain the whole of these ingredients in a state of com bination. We may take the substance known as alum, or sulphate of alumina and potash, or sulphate of alumina and soda. In this we find five elements, viz., sulphur, oxygen, alu mina, potassium, hydrogen, in such a perfect state of chemical combination tialt, when dissolved in water, the smallest globule will contain each of these elements. The fourth law is, that a change of temperature accompanies chemical affinity, and al wave a change of density. In many cases these changes are not evident, though there is reason to believe that they always occur. In every case of real chemical combination we have a change of temperature, which can only occur in consequence of 'a change of density; for when the mixture is more dense than before, caloric is evolved, and when less dense, it will be ab sorbed. In other words, in some instances extreme heat, and in others extreme (said is produced by the chemical combination of different substances. When we mix alcohol with water, or sulphuric acid with water, a condensation takes place, and great heat is produced. In each of these cases, however, we have no change in the properties of the substances; the alcohol and sulphuric acid merely become diluted with water. The acid will nevertheless neutralize as great a quantity of alkali as be fore, or dissolve as much metal. By applying heat both the alkali and the acid may be again separated from the water. If spirit of salt or muriatic acid be mixed with nitrate of ammonia, excessive cold is produced and an increase in the bulk of the mixture. The next law is, that the properties which charac terize bodies are changed by chemical union. In mane bodies we have a remarkable change of property ; but this chauee of property and character is attended with a remarkable change of colour, or of taste, or of smell, and in many cases with change of form. Let us take sulphuric acid, which is a powerful poi son, a single sooonful taken internally immediately destroying life, and caustic soda, a poison, if possible, more deadly; now suppose we mix an ounce of each of these substances together, or such proportion of the one as will saturate the other: in that case we foram a neutral compound. of which two or three ounces may be taken with impunity. The product is nothing more than sulphate of soda, or Glauber salts—a valuable and useful medicine. In every case of chemical union the compound pos, sesses different properties from the elements of which it is com posed; if the elements are noxious, the compound is innexious, and vice versa. Let us take, for example, sulphur and oxygen. Sulphur is perfectly harmless, and is frequently taken as medi cine. Oxygen we cannot do without fora moment: it forms the vital principle of the atmosphere. But when oxygen and sulphur are combined together, they form that destructive acid known by the name oil of vitriol. Mercury is quite innoxions in its metallic state; but when oxygen is combined with it, it becomes a powerful poison. Arsenic is not injurious as a metal, but united with oxygen, it forms the arsenious acid of commerce, which is well known to be a violent poison. In some cases che mical combination converts solids into liquids, in some liquids into solids, and in others gasses into solids. In one case co lourless bodies become deeply coloured, and in another colour less bodies become coloured. Indeed the variety of phenomena attending chemical a ffi nity seems to be almost boundless. First of all, with respect to the most common attendant of chemical affinity, change of colour. Let us take two colourless sub stances, a weak solution of sulphate of iron, and tincture or infusion of galls highly diluted. When these are mixed toge ther, a strong black colour pervades the compound, and we obtain common writing ink. The acid of the galls unites with iron, and forms gallate of iron, which is a black compound. The writing ink of commerce is complaioed of, and with much justice. The ,gellate of iron is suspended in the liquid by too strong a solution of gum. Now we find that after a few years the writing ink becomes valueless, in many cases of a faint yel low 'coleus. and in many cases writing effected with it is almost effaced. The reason of this may be briefly explained. If a small quantity of muriatic acid be added to ink, it will restore the original transparency of the colour. This arises from the circumstance of the acid dissolving the oxide of iron. In order to neutralize this effect, a little alkali need only be added to the mixture, When it will resume its former blackness. Now the fault is not in the ink, but iu the paper itself. In modern pa per making, a large quantity of chlorine is required.'as they make paper from many-coloured rags, which can only be bleached by the.agency of that gas. But the paper-manufac turer, after bleaching these rags. suffers the pulp to remain many days without washing it, by which a very corrosive and injurious acid is formed—inuriatic or hydro-chloric acid. The oxygen of the water will combine with the chlorine, and Caen chloric acid; this will combine with the colouring matter of the ink, and destroy it. The lecturer believed that the bad qua lities attributed to the ink were to be ascribed to the agent employed in the manufacture of the writing paper, which not only destroyed the ink, but the fibres of the paper itself. He hail visited a large paper-manufactory, in which time pulp was allowed to remain unwashed as he had described, and had re marked tq the proprietor that his paper would not last twenty years, and' that the ink would be soon destroyed, because the pulp .was not washed. He tasted the pulp, and found the acid very perceptible. An observation of the proprietor convinced him of the truth of his conjecture. The lecturer asked him whether he did not find it very difficult. to discharge the huff colour of his rags. The proprietor replied that it was never de stroyed until the pulp was allowed to remain several days unwashed. • This buff colour was oxide of iron s and_could not be discharged by chlorine, but muriatic acid will destroy it; there fore the paper-manufacturer knew that new agents must have been employed to destroy the buff colour, and these agents will destroy the paper and the ink. A striking instance of change of form . and colour by chemical combination is afforded by the union of sulphuric acid and lump sugar. Sulphuric acid has a strong affinity for water, and accordingly eagerly seizes upon the water, which is a component of the sugar. The sugar then assumes a deep black colour, and when well washed with water, will be found to be pure charcoal. In most instances where a change in smell is produced by chemical combination, the odour is disagreeable; in one instance, however, a very much ad mired scent is produced by this means by triturating lime with carbonate of ammonia, or sal ammoniac. The carbonic acid unites with the lime, and the ammonia is set free. A remark able example of the conversion of liquids into solids is afforded by the mixture of a solution of muriate of lime with sulphuric acid; the sulphuric acid combines with the lime, and forms an insoluble compound, sulphate of lime or plaster of Paris. In tense heat is produced by this operation. if, on the centrary, two solid bodies, nitrate of annunuia and sulphate of soda, be triturated forcibly in a mortar, a liquid will he the product. In like manner we may convert gaseous bodies into solids; as, for example, by combining muriatic acid gas with that of ammonia, when sal ammoniac, or muriate of ammonia, will be the com pound. In point of fact there is no end to the changes in ap pearance, property, and character produced by chemical union. of chemical a ff in ity differs in The sixth law is, that the energy different substances. 'We needed no ghost to tell us that, as we could not perforth a single experiment were it nut the case. We found in the lest lecture that sulphuric acid possessed a greater affinity for certain bases than muriatic or nitric acids, and all the acids than carbonic acid. We must now proceed to consider the very important but ra ther more obstruse subject of the atomic theory, and the theory of nomenclature and notation. Nothing has tended to facilitat . e the acquirement of chemistry tothe student, or to abridge the labours of the professor, as the introduction of a - new system of chemical nomenclature. We are - much indebted to the ingeni ous and persevering labours of Dalton, of Manchester, for the perfection of the atomic theory, A few scattered particulars were all we knew on the subject prior to his discoveries. It had been found by Weusall that when twu salts capable of decom posing each other are combined, they will produce two neutral compounds. 'Thus if We take acetate of lead and decompose carboMite of ammonia, sulphate of soda, or any other Salt-de composed by it, we shall find that we have two neutral com pounds. In the first instance the acetic acid will combine with the ammonia, and the carbonic acid with the lead, forming acetate of ammonia and carbonate of lead; in the second instance, acetate of soda and sulphate of lead will, in like man ner, form the resulting compounds. Its the year 1789 'Higgins stated that what was then called vitriolic acid was composed of one particle of sulphur and one of oxygen, but when prepared with two particles of dephlogisticated air, now called oxygen , the compound was different. Dalton perceived this, but without knowing of Higgins' discovery. A few years after this. between 1792 and 1802, Richter, of Geneva, published a remarkable work, which he called the Geometry of Chemistry. In this be i attempted to prove that chemistry followed certain ma thematic al laws. This was startling, but, to a certain extent, lie proved la truth. He stated how much acid would combine with c m tay portions of alkali, and he found that if a certain nu mber of pe r • s of sulphuric acid, to use round numbers for the sake. ot.sonapll,l,9„“,tv, say 100, would combine with 100 of potash, 2011 of "ua ' ti of of ammonia. He likewise found that, if a cer tain qu antit yand acid neutralized one part of one acid, two parts or a no ther, t bud three parts of a third, the same quantity whicl ' ne s u th r at acid, o ne part of the acid will neutralize as much a Ikati d two parts, twice as much, and so on. Dalton . dtscoya.c that certain bodies entered into combination in cewitrtain proportions only, the only, and when one bod yn a iu n l o tip e l •in f -dir. w i lt unite t ferent proportions, it would always ea smallest quantity of that element. ie e disc a overed that a e certain quantity of one substance is always equivalent__ , to a cert a i n Suppose quantity of another. substance. he began by decom posing water, for water is very easily decomposed, suit we can ascertain the quantity of its elements in weight and volume with great precision. Suppose that 1 grain of hydrogen combines with 8 of oxygen to form water, this 1 grain of hydrogen would combine with 6 of carbon, 14 of nitrogen, 16 of sulphur, and 104 of lead, (it does not combine with lead, but, for the sake of sim plicity, we will suppose so.) Having found that 1 part ,by weight, of hydrogen, no matter what that weight be, whether grains or tons, will combine with so many parts of other substances, we wish to know bow these substances will combine together. If it is possible, for instance, for oxygen to combine with carbon, in what proportions will they do so. In exactly the same propor tions in which they will combine with hydrogen; thus i 3 parts of oxygen and 6 of carbon will combine with 1 of hvdroeen, and 8 parts of oxygen will combine with 6 of catbon ' and form a chemical compound. These ar e th e com bi n i ng proportions of these bodies by weight, and you cannot combine them in any other proportions than these. But it is true that we have che mical compounds where one of these " atoms " as Dalton fi rst unfortunately call e d th em, b ut as they are sno re properly called, equivalents, combine with double or triple the nutnber of the combining equivalents of another substance. Thus one equiva lent of hydrogen combines wi th one equivalent of oxygen to form the well-k nown compou nd water • but we have oxveen combining with hyd rogen i n two proportions. Oxygen combines with nitrogen in no less than five nroportions : thus 14 atoms of nitrogen will combine with 8, or 16, 0r24, or 32, or 40 atoms of oxygen, but with no intermediate proportions. A number of sillier similar combinations take place between other substances, but in every case an equivalent of one combines full equivalents of other substances, but never with au equivalent and a half of another. We cannot divide an atom either chemically or me chanically. If Bbe the weight of an atom, it cannot combinier2t a lower rate. But we fi nd 104 atoms of lead em n.aning t l u . of oxygen ; in this case the atom of oxygen is n equivalents, or 208 parts of lead, combine with 3 e qui valent" t ,_ ot 21 parts of oxygen, and thus forms the sesquioxide ke must not for a moment suppose that an atom is capa b le of coin biniug with 11- of anothea This then is the found at i on ty substance is alw ays atomic theory. A certain prop equal to a certain proportion o f combine except in atomie quantities. In like meaner the fwatiii(omthoefr°, one these proportions THE PUBLIC HALL.—Subscriptions for this bui ldin g have flowed in in the I most public spirited mar. ner —iu a manner worthy of the town of Liverpool. We are glad to state that the sum subscribed now amounts to .£O,OOO, and we trust that a building will be erected alike a credit to the public spirit of the inhabitants and an ornament to the town. We have ranch pleasure in directing the attention of our mu dieal friends to a remarkably spirited lithogiaph, by Sharp, of London, of a group of Portraits, painted The Mrs. portraits re vet y .striking and faithful, and the group forms one of the most pleoLin g . prints we have fur some tnue seen. R. Lindley 's li i""ssi in particular, is excellent; a nd that of the late and lamented leader at the Italian Opera. House (Signor Spam). letti ) is equallistriking. This beautiful specimen of lithography does equal credit to the artist and Mr. Sharp, and cannot fail to sell "tftigively.:—Saleirian J0[1217(11. Vi f d WaYri'the-agrieulturists in this district have determined td IteThaie the wages of their farm labourers to an extent corn tttr#Off4f#to: With the advance which has taken placeiu the price :0 4 Herald, SOUTH UNION RAILWAY. PUBLIC MEETING AT MACCLESFIELD. One of the most numerous and respectable Meetings that ever assembled in the town of Macclesfield,. was held on Thursday last in that town, in pursuance of a requisition, to take into con sideration the best means of supporting the South Union Rail way Company, iu its application to Parliament. Scarcely an individual of any importance, connected with the proprietary, the manufacturing interest, and the c ommercial body of th e town, was absent on the occasion. Mr. Thorp, late Mayor, in the absence of the present May or, was called to the Chair.— The meeting was then addressed at great length, by William Garnett, Esq., the Chairman of the South Union Company, who fully explained all the proceedings of the Company, in their opposition to the Cheshire Junction Company, in the unsuccess ful attempt of the latter, to carry their line in 010 last session. Mr. Garnett's statement gave great satisfaction to the meetiug. He was followed by other gentlemen, and various resolutions were proposed and carried, declaratory of the intention of the inhabitants of Macclesfield, to support by all ns mea in their power, the South Union Company , in their application to Par liament next session. We extract from the Macclesfield Courier, the s peech. of •M r. Stephenson, the Engineer, showing the nature date line which he proposed to adopt. Mr. STePHENSON said lie should have great pleasure in ex gh Macclesfield. planting to them the route which h e p ro p osed to take, as he had got gradients very favourable for passing throu He would have no gradients from Manchester to Stockport. above 16 feet per mile ; he would pass Stockport at the most favourable positiou. From thence to Poyntou there would be none above 16 feet per mile, and from Poyntou to Macclesfield similiar gradients were obtained, except for 4or u miles. He should then pass through Macclesfield, going in the valley, but sufficiently high to allow the river to pass under the railway. — He then passed Dane's Moss, in no part of which would th d e g radients exceed 16 feet per mile ; an d this was the great an insurmountable summit of Macclesfield, of which they had heard so much.—(Lead Cheers.) From that he would pass to the east of North Rode, on towards Harecastle, almost on a dead level, within about a mile of Congleton, on a line which is as advantageous to that town as any that can be formed. The line would then proceed to Biddulph, forming an outlet to the coals there, and besides that, it would also Open the great Pottery bed of coal, which affords an inexhaustible store of fuel, and is superior to any bed of coal in the kingdom, with respect to quality, except those of the north of England. The works at Hareeastle would be very moderate. The line would then pro ceed by the Potteries down the valley, and not in those parts of that: densely peopled district, where it would be highly dan gerous. He thought he had convinced many of the Potters that it would be much better 'to proceed down the valley to Stone, in which route he would have - very favourable gradients, in no part exceeding 14 feet per mile, and iu very few places so much as that. A deviate 'u takes place to join the Grand Junc tion Line for the purpose of going to Birmingham ; but the main line would go on down the valley o f the Trent, by Rugeley near Lichfield, to T am w o rth. The Potteries would oaain in this way the best outlet for their productions to Derby, Not tingham, and the south east or England, by the Derby and Birmingham railway. Front Tainworth the company connect ed with the Derby line•were preparing to go to Parliament for a branch to Rugby. This line has very favourable gradients, and by the branch to Rugby the route will be shorter, com pared with that by Warrington, by 35 miles, and it will be shorter, by taking the line down the valley of the Trent, instead of the Grand Junctiossby Birmingham,--by 20 miles,—besides that the gradients will be far more favourable. He bad now explained the line proposed to be taken. He had also to state that the cost of the execution would be much under the esti mate which had been delivered to Parliament last year. -- (Cheeri)• He had very little time then to examine the . subject. Since then he had had time to select the bust, course, and he now confidently stated, that do one would be able to make a line so favourabl e f or Manchester; London; and the interven in g districts—(Appl a tt x e ). The gradients were better , and the ex-. pease of execution less than any other line that could be brought before Parliament."—(Applaule4 C. J. W. Ellis, Esq. has offered himself al Candidate fot the representation for the Western division of. Cornwall',, and is canvassing with great enemy the' ronstimr,el,—Wesigrriten• z, a 1