The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-10-25 00:00:00

started d to an siasm. utional hrough e pope the itn, sunder" ask our Id what should iundred nto one or has rev of n- 3ws and r church 1 of the entative -proved, ired ap mblages for the enter- our UTI- re he is Eng !Wine, honour-. nation is' ers. So this dis- Mist yet English valuable !nee. A without glori e Whig at Edin nd sound ,spuriops- no part -however ed here.; illusions from the Samuel sensitive' did unin- There, on. If a you pros- hop, here' re. Yes.; rd in the "liberal" It all that fact, and shall, a and false , Standard vith thei' 3 as to the r decisions iminating L., of 'your r disliking . 1 more for lion with, lotla soli ►te of our Id be neu- I interests, mit we are suit to•ouF penclencc-* ew of • our s vast and• l's ntind I any feel,- great and which fell' a.. loftier tonourab, attitude of !feat absti- I tacrimon istitutionat -,.the most , n of sent'- , and cairn' ally exem illustratea ilors' Hall. moments inquiry, judgment . very feiv party feel s sterling the most that ever . peaking of c modera risis of the sen doubly speech he lays an in ‘Nhich our lent placed. ip le :Aid) !s of demo but aces- thait4ne- ed in sup mttworks or ery citadel to see and our duty ?" urged. " in od—not by mted to by th'at t6reat ctTng I energetic ter our pro !at, our va rar this we fee t the safe' constitutio n le defende d, ons. of an r the execuT Fits o nerou s ed %lit?' the o argue the for gen eral are ne w 1a- ncy, a nd we Ltion, a 5 an ' - . comPat' t a s a people' Ou►s is a r as the go tisalp as the he necessity y apparent ; d uncontra ,t this vital LI since 1688, led upon , to another, and rs in the go e irriperative the duty to Le objectors, ration. The Bar, bas been OcT. 25, 1836, Publicly declared, illustrated by Lord Sandon, and the desire to meet that danger, and the conviction of its existence, established by Mr. Samuel Holrne, in the-pre sence, in'the hearing of seven hundred independent men of Liverpool, who, upstanding as one man, in imitation of the noble Barons of Runnymede, proclaim aloud, "we will not have the fundamental laws of Ending changed, nor the Protestant Constitution of Ireland subverted And now, men of England—the descendants of the most free, the most noble ancestry of time and of history, is the justification, the danger, and the decision before yob ; end remember, that such a decision has not 'been given since the day when the great charter of your civil liber ties was wrested from a tyrant King, by the noble pro .. genitors of those now forming the second estate of the realm, who are equally desirous to preserve to you the benefits of that charter, and to add thereto any real advan tage which is compatible with the present state of the country, and the present-state of society; under the re form bill itself. the most cheering prospect from the most, characteris tic value of Conservatism, is the strong and dignified bearing it exhibits in its progress through the country — the moral worth and respectability of those enrolled un der its noble banner, ayd the decorous means taking td. further its success. Here are no tumultuous influences at work, tending to disturb order—to impair the authori: ty of law — or to lessen respect for religion. Our own fr►eetings offer a powerful example to the Empire at large and that example will assuredly be followed. As Birmingham in the day. of her delusion, by leer radical anions, propelled the machinery of that engine, which was to be turned against themselves—so Liverpool in the hour of calm reflection, has mustered her union of Con- se'rvatism, for the preservation of our remaining liberties and our.pressnre from.without is based on a solid founds. Lion,—it'stands pre-eminently opposed to that threatener "brganic change," which our esteemed representative iras jirstlydescriberLas "an abandonment of the ancient British Constitution, and an endeavour to establish something newer and better in its . place,". and which he se facetiously, yet forcibly pointed out we should not 'btoin, either "by crossing the Atlantic—the Bay. of Biscay ".---or by taking the example of the "glorious days" of the July of Paris ! Sure we are, that this ar• gnment needs no illustration to any reflecting mind. We have then, taken the strongest part of Lord Sandon's position into consideration—the- danger to the British Constitution, formed upon his personal observation and tsperience in his place in Parliament, and not put forth as matter of hypothetical reasoning, but publicly and de• liberately declared as a pressing fact, the result of moral conviction to his constituents end others, and we are entirely satisfied of the correctness of his declaration, that "the real and avowed object of the movement party, was to concentrate all power in the hands of one repre untative assembly." And further, " let them disguise it as they pleased—let them call ,it mere reform of the peerage, —art assimilating of the House of Lords to the improved spirit of the age—look at it as they might— the real aim was to concentrate all power in the one single body." This part of his Lordship's speech merits the most serious consideration, because it conveys the Practical illustration of the threatened danger, whilst the Patriotism of his heart is proved by his succeeding de claration, that " such power ought not to be entrusted to roue man—it ought not to be entrusted to any single body of men—whether to a monarch, or an aristocracy, Or to the multitude at large." It were hardly needful for Lord Sandon to go further; but the remainder of his Speech fully and sufficiently justifies the assertion he set Out with—it exposes the abandonment of principle, with regard to our church—the desertion of the leading ob jects of the reform bill, with reference to English repro .entation, and the design to destroy the independence of the House of Lords! We feel that we have done but a small share of justice to our honourable representative; but we also feel assured that his address will make a last ing impression on every one who heard it, as it cannot fa►l in doing upon those who read it. .Space will not permit us to s go through the other 'speeches, seriatim.; that of Mr. Canning gives full pro ' miss that the spirit which animated his greatly gifted sire has not entirely departed, and his allusion to the memory of his father was at once manly, feeling, and pathetic, and his general argument conclusive. Mr. Griadstone's tribute to Sir Robert Peel needs no corn hiendation from us; it-stands upon its own merits, and those merits are far above the assaults of any censuring which can be brought against them—he may indeed be proud of the prominent part assigned him, and satisfied 'Avid' the reception given to his sentiments, as the triumph 'of reason and of truth over falsehood and error. Mr. Forsyth's defence of our fondly' cherished alma mater, and her repudiation of dernocratical whiggery, we un hesitatingly declare to have been just, true, and com plete; and Mr. Wilkins has shown' that under his tag there IS materiel for battering down all the whiggery and radicalism of the mongrel faction combined. In discussing the merits of our first constitutional ineeting, we feel that we have performed our duty to the double triumph which has taken place in our,town. The dinner of Friday evening under any circumstances could only be considered second in importance to-that of Tues day, We, however, consider it of paramount value, tak ing into account the point of time chosen—the identity of object 7 --the community of interest—and the recipro !city of sentiment, manifested on this occasion. , Our con temporaries of the London press have had such 'a treat here, as we will venture to assert, they have not before witnessed; and we leave them, for the moment, to settle the question,ef " reaction" anu " no reaction" with the mighty sophisticators of Fleet-street and the Strand. Mr. C. Canning has laughed that question down here ; and we tell the frothy declaimers, that we have, sufficient ope tiabive conservatism in Liverpool to leaven the whole land, and to put whiggery ere long on the shelf and ren ,der radicalism innocuous. Let Friday evening's display bear us witness; and let them remember the presidency of our witches, and tremble for the consequences. .Let thein read our columns, and preserve them as the memo--I slid of a bloodless triumph, for our great—our noble— bur holy cause ~• We cannot suffer to pass entirely unnoticed the kind letter of that truly venerable peer, the Earl of Eldon, OXpressive of his warm sympathy in' the objects, of our gathering. We have now on record the approving au thority of one of the greatest, if not, take him all in all, the greateit men, and the most able constitutional law yers this bountry has ever produced, for our association, and its design; and crowned with the expression of his 'regret; that age and infirm health alone precluded the " hope of his being enabled to justify it by his presence ! the most icrupulotiely reflecting man in Britain—the staunchest protestant at heart—the most correct inha bit —even hitn who has been the conscience keeper, in reailtY, of George the Third, and the privy councillor of George the Fourth, who specially sent to his house o, the patent of an earldom, in token of his affectionate re gard, his decided at once the legality and the duty of conservative association. Let that letter be printed in characters of gold; let it go down to posterity ; let the " Liverpool Tradesmen's Association" treasure it as a relic of inestimable value —as the document 'in perpetu nm rei memoriam —even of him to whom the sentiment of Martial is so strictly applicable. "Of no day can the retrospect cause pain to a good, nor has one passed away which he is Unwilling to remember; the period of his life seems prolonged by his g oo d acts, an d he may b e said to live twice, when he can reflect with pleasure on days that are past." This is our humble tribute of re spect—our grateful acknowledgment to him, who is a living monument of the value of Britain's constitution, and who now, in the eighty fifth year of his age, fondly che rishes it; and who will remain associated with it, as long as history retains a page, by the titled name of Eldon ! 'AGGRAITATED CASE OF MANSLAUGHTER.—An inquest w a s held, on Thursday last, before Mr. Curry, coroner, on the bo dy of Wm. Elliot. The deceased was walling along by the Cla rence Dock, on Tuesday se'nnight, about nineo'clock, whe n three men an after him, and one of them struck Linn, with some l 'ea.P o ll at ibe back of the head, a . n4l then ran off. -He died in pn Tuesday night The deceased Was a iqM utacilli, and lived in Nlyeril : Blffe, I.,itnekiln-lane. He did not knqsy the men. A yerdict Brit ifialislaug4er" against some P er s.° l ? or pmcm untun klat retuncfi• TOWN COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS. FILIDAY. The Council again tuet at eleven o'clock. on Friday, to re sume the consideration Of the bve-laws. Before proceeding to the bye laws, however, the Council agreed to a recommendation of the Watch Committee, th it Mr. William Williams, of Bold street, and Mt. Edward Simmons be appointed Commissioners for lighting and cleansing the old Borough, and lighting the new. The Town-clerk stated that the amount to be levied for for a Watch Rate was now under the consideration of the Pirish authorities. This subject, therefore, was adjourned. •BYE-LAWS. • The Council then proceeded to. the. consideration of such of the bye-laws as had been referred to the committee at previous meetings. The first bye-law taken was No.-4, which refers to nuisances in streets, and prohibits persons throwing or leaving offensive matters upon the streets.—The law was divided into two parts—the first prohibiting the throwing of such matters in the street, and the second prohibiting the leaving of such matters in any covered place, so as to be a public nnisance.—Penalty ss. 10s: and 205., for first, second, and third offence. Mr. Sault, thought that they were trenching on the province of a jury, and giving undue power to individuals. The TOWN-CI-mix said, that Mr. Sheil's objections would apply to all the bye-laws. Tile 13,h law was thee adopted, impoiing fines of 10s. and 20s. upon persons killing or dr“ssing'cattle in the streets, or permit ting any offensive matter from any 'slaughter houses, butcher's or fishmonger's shops. Mr. Hope remarked that the bye-law, as now worded prohibi ted the killing of any animal, or any part of an animal (Great laughter.) The Town-clerk on again referin , to the law Num' it , to be so worded; and said he would remove the anomaly by a little repetition, se as to prohibit the singeing, scalding, or dress ing of any . parts of animals. • The law (No. 16) prohibiting the hooping, firing, &c. of casks in the streets.gave rise to some discussion. Mr. liornby wished cooperages to be glazed so as to prevent accidents from fire.--This was objected to. Ultimately the subject was referred back to the committee for reconsideration. The 21st bye-law was divided. into two, it prohibits persons keeping swine sties to the street, and keeping swine in the rooms or cellars of dwelling-houses. The next bye-law was the '29th, against placing lines across the street for drying clothes, or hanging clothes to he dried in the streets—Mr. florzr said, that the hoisting of corn and flour by horses which went across the streets, was a great nuisance.— Mr. J. CROPPER thought the nuisance was less than if the cart stood in the street white the Sacks were carried up.-Referred to the committee, so far al the hoisting by horses is concerned. Mr. MaxwEr.l. said it had been the practice of poor persons to hang wet clothes upon rails, as at the front of Leyland's Bauk, which was a great nuisance.—Mr. J ottnaN said, if the clothes flapped about, they became a public nuisance.—Mr. RoaiNsoN said, the parties could get quit of the nuisance by - placing,the - clothes on the ground.—Mr. JORDAN said this would subject th'em to an action:—The TowN-chenK said, he should re,el no hesitation in taking the clothes from the rails and gently lay iug them on the ground, as the rails were private property.—The Ma Yon—ln the dirtiest place you could find (laughter.) The prohibition against the use of lines was then agreed to. The 36th bye-law wis then amended so as to make it legal for the. inhabitants to blush the dirt from the footpath clear of the water` course, which another bye-law would have fined them for doing. A new law was introduced making it penal for any person to expose his or her person in bathing. '1 he fine to bo 2s. 61, 5., and 105.—Mr. BOLTON thought this bye-law very hard.—Mr. [lore remarked that the . practice of bathing in exposed situa tions had been carried to "an awful extent.".. He would even go so far as to apply the penalty to persons bathing on the strand.—Mr. RATHBONE thought this bye-law should be recoil sidered.—The 'Toivs-CLERK said that when children bathed there was no exposure.—M r. EVANS thought it very wrong to fine and imprison boys for this,whose incarceration along with old offenders would do much harm.—The law was agreed to. he 44th law against persons playing football or throwing stones or, playing. at pitch and toss was then considered. An addition was made forbidding the slides.or making of slides on the footpaths or crossings. Penalties 2s. 6d., 5., and 10. The same law existed in the old local act with more severe penalties. The 45th law against persons letting' off squibs, &c. and making bonfires, was agreed to with an addition against firing pistols and guns, either in_ the streets or in the neighbourhood of any highway, to the danger or annoyance of any person. The penalty not to extend to places of public amusement or on special occasions sanctioned by the Mayor. The 46th law was then considered. The Committee reported that they had found a difficulty as to the carrying of meat by butchers in the streets. A long discussion . took place, and it was ultimately agreed that butchers should not carry meat on the footpaths at all, and that in.carrying it on the carriage way, they should cover it with a clean cloth, according to the prac tice in London, Paris, and other large towns. Mr. LEATHOM said that a fellow carried a bloody sheep across the Exchange area the other day, dispersing the merchants in all directions.— Mr. RATHBONE complained that if his servant or himself carried a piece of meat in their hand without a cloth, he would be fined fur indecency.- 7 Mr. JORDAN, " very properly, it is very indeli cate; he ought to put it in his pocket-hanakerchief." (Loud laughter.) Mr. SHEIL said he had a good coat spoiled by . a person carrying a shoulder of mutton against it. Whilst in London, the Londoners were not so much more refined than they as had been stated by the Mayor. Mr, Evaras had a no tion that a leg of mutton' was not such an odious object. (Laughter.) He thought the bye-law ought to be confined to quarters of a beast. Laws 47 and 48, referred to persons keeping cookshops open at improper hours and harbouring improper characters. An addition was made extending the prohibition to places where tea and other refreshments were sold, perMitling thieves, pros titutes, or disorderly persons " assembling at and continuing in such place, either by day or night.—Mr. BROWN said that this addition was proposed in consequence of its being well known that persons who could not obtain wine and spirit licenses, sold other sorts of refreshments, in order to have au excuse for the assembling of improper characters, particularly in the neigh bourhood of the places of public amusement.—Mr. RATHBONE thought the prohibition should be confined to the night, as it was very hard to prevent even thieves and prostitutes from ob taining provisions in a decent manner during the day.--Mr. Cnoeenn said a great deal of mischief was done before twelve o'clock at night by young men being entrapped into such haunts on their way home from their offices.—Mr. Morecruft, Mr. Brown, and other gentlemen supported this view of the matter and the law, as thus amended was ultimately agreed to. THE BYE-LAWS FOR THE OLD BOROUGH. The bye-laws and local acts referring only to the old borough were then considered, and the following regulations adopted:- PORTERS. 1. Porters to wear badges on arm.-2. To be appointed by the Council.-3. To be registered at ,the Town-clerk's office; fee of Is. fo be paid for registering.-4. Not to go on board ves sels. without being called under penalties of 2s. 6d., 55., and 10s., and if a licensed porter his license to be discontinued, if he persisted in repeating the offence.-5. Porters using insulting language to be lined 55., 10s., arid 205., and to have license dis continued after the third offence.—G. Porters refusing to go any errand or' message within the borough to be fined 55., 10s., and 205., and deprived of license if repeated.--6. No extortionate demand to be made under increasing penalties of 55., los., and 20s. Mr. J. CM/MR wished to know whether the Council had the power to prevent masters employing porters paying them in public houses ?—The TOWN-CLERK thought that tiny provision of this kind should come from the legislature, and as they were about to apply to parliament it might be taken into'considera tion.—The MAYOR said that it was a scandalous oppression on the pour man and his family, as half his wages were fie quently spent in the public-house. The magistrates might refuse to license any public-house where wages were paid. Mr. Evens hoped that this prohibition might be extended to he payment of all classes of mechanics. LIGHTS IN WAREHOUSES, The TOWN-CLERK said the next class of bye-laws would ap- ply solely to the old borough. The'first was, that persons using uninclosed lights at or near any warehouses or quays, should forfeit 10s., 20., and 40s.—Mr. DUNCAN asked if shops we in cluded in this law.--Mr. ',Assiut, said this law would prevent him from going into his own warehouse without a lantern.—The MAYOR said very properly so. The law had its origin in the fire at Lancelot's Hey which it was supposed was caused by. the careless use of unenclosed lights. Mr.. Bot.ToN said that under this law tt would be impossible for •Mr. Lassell to carry on his trade, as fires were required to ventilate the cellars. [Mr. Lassell is a wine merchant.] The MAYOR said that the law did not apply to fires, but to candies, and was intended to apply to porters in warehouses, and not in shops. Mr. RA WDON said that as his office was in the same building as his warehouse he would not be able to light a candle for the purpose. of sealing a letter.—Referred to the committee for revi sion. The lantern containing, the light to be locked. Penalty 55., 10s., 20s. Subject to revision. Persons smocking tobacco at or near warehouses, dock quays, &c., to be fined 10s., 205., and 40.5. Under the same revision. At one o'clock the Council adjourned till Monday at twelve. • MONDAY. The council sat again yesterday by adjourment, on the sub ject of the bye-laws. Th e T o wsi-cLERK said he was sorry that he was not so pre pared as he ought to be, but it was entirely owing to some par liamentary proceedings he had had to prepare, and to the sessions making him so busy. They would, however, proceed with some alterations which had been made by the committee. The first bye-law that required some additional alteration was No. 16, in the general bye-laws, on the suggestion of Mr. 'l'. liornhy. " That if any person shall, in any of the streets,, place any stone, straw, &c." The alteration in this bye-law rip framed by the committee would be as follows : "That if any person should, in any of the streets, make, trim,' fire, or burn out, hoop, cleanse, wash, or scald any casks, or cooper any casks, except such as required to be done immediately, on the spot, or should hew any stone, &c., except in cases of accident, requiring such to be done on the spot." The fine to be 2s. 6d. for the first offence, 55., for the second,.and 10s. for the third. — Agreed to. '*'he TOWN-CLERK said the next was an additional bye-lhiv on the suggestion of Mr. 'l'. Hornly. "'That if any person should make, fire, or burn out any cask, within 15 yards of any part of any street, Ste., without the building of a wall sufficient to screen the firing or burning out thereof', from such street, he shall forfeit, for the first offence, 55., for the second, 10s., and for the third, 20s. The ToWN-cLERK said the terms "building, wall, or screen," were taken from the general highway act. Mr. Councillor Hors said the restriction appeared to him to be too great. After some discussion the words " closed.pailing, closed gate, shut, or other sufficient screen, " were introduced, and the bye law was passed. "That if any person should, for the purpose stf hoisting, or whipping any goods into any viarehouse, use any rope drawn out by any horse or horses, across any street or footway, to the restriction or annoyance of any person. The penalty 2s. 6d. for the first offence, ss. for the second, and 10s. for the third."..._ Agreee to. "That if any poison shall maliciouslylor wantonly pull down, or deface any board, giving notice of the sale, or letting of any land, house, or building, or any board which should be fixed up by the owner or occupier of any such land, or building." Fines, 2s. 6d., 65., and 10s. Mr. Councillor DUNCAN enquired how that would ay where ppl the owner of a :house chose to p ut u p a board of that descrip tion against a house without consulting the occupier ; it would be a great nuisance. The TowN-CLERK said, if the occupier of a house being the owner for the time being, were to put down any such board, he would not be acting in a malicious or wanton manner. Mr. Alderman BnoWN said au impression had got abroad, that the bye-law committee were making bye-laws which would press heavily on the poor. The tact was quite the reverse. ' w f i h t e h y d h h a i d ha m a a w d i e , y e n v u e t r s y a p h e ce n s alt t y o the 7slight as possible, consistently town at .large. The laws were not severe; they were only carrying out acts of parlia ment already existing, in as modified a form as they couldthere The TowN-CLERK said, it h ad been suggested that should be erected a protection for foot' passengers were a fence was e re cted around buildingitalten down by any person that a hand rail.should also be' erected. The penalties 10s., 205., and 4 0s. It was proposed fo' endet " That if any Person so putting up a fence should not, in all streets in which the sante reioht reasonably be demanded, for thd convenience of loot Isn• rili, LIVERPOOL STAN DARE.. gers, make a foot•way along such fence , protected by a hand rail, The penaltifis as above. The exception being in cases were tho _breadth of the street might allow theommission.— Agreed to. REGULATIONS FOR CARTERS. e TOWN-CLERK Said it had been sug,gestedrin the fol bve-law, that it the owner or driver of any cart having ,aras, back or tail boards, should not cause such tail or iu-ouards to he sufficiently well screwed to prevent their rat ...ng, should forfeit the sum of '2s. 6d. for the first offence, 5s for the second, and 10s. for the third. The TOWN-CLERK. It was suggested that this bye-law as it stood there, should apply to all carts, waggons, .&c. plying for hire, and not to private carts, waggons, &c. Mr. Alderman BARCLAY inquired if any reason .was given why this !restriction should only apply . to carts, 8:c. plying for hire. Mr. Councillor BLACKRURNR said, he understood from Mr. James Lawrence that this provision, if carried into effect, would fall very heavily on the farmers, who bad the side-boards of their carts loose, as they were not necessary in the country. Mr. Councillor RATEIBONE thought they ought tb be amena ble as well as carts plying for hire. The TOWN-CLERK thought it was not not this description of cart which caused the nuisance, but the waterside carts. He thought country carts might be excepted. Councillor Dr. CARSON would not except them. . Mr. Councillor DUNCAN, seconded by Mr. Alderman Raw don, moved that they be excepted. On' the division, the majority was in favor of their being excepted. ,Mr. Councillor JORDASI moved that the chains attached to breWers' drays be also inserted in ttie bye-law. Mr. Alderman B,RossN said they were a very serious nui ' sance; but the committee had felt that they could hardly make a bye-law, applicable to two or three carts, and leave out the waterside carts. The TowN-CLERK, on being applied to, said, if brewers could adopt any means to lessen the nuisance, they ought to be corn- pelted to do so. Referred to the committee. Mr. Councillor EARLE wanted to know if there was any bye law to prevent the carrying of ladders and poles, in such a po sitifin in a cart, as to cause danger to passengers. The TOWN-CLERK said there was not; but the suggestion might be referred to the committee. The TOWN-CLERK said it would materially assist the com mittee if the council would give their opinion on' the stands to be appropriated for carts plying for hire. The Towsr-CLERK then read over a communication from Mr. DoWling, of the Dock police, stating the situations best adapted for cart stand- ings. Mr. Alderman BROWN said they had endeavoured to adhere, as far as practicable, to the same cartage rates as had formerly been paid. The committee would wish to know whether the rates, which had hitherto been acted upon, were in 'the opinion of the council, fair and 'equitable rates between the merchant and the carter. The MAYOR enquired if any recommendation. had been made to the committee regarding the rates. Mr. Alderman BROWN, " None at all, so far." They had inserted tinny new rates respecting the timber carriages. Mr. Councillor JORDAN would suggest that the present rates should be continued us nearly as possible. Mr. Conncillor ItaTii BONE suggested that carters should he paid according to the ❑umber of yards, the same as hackney coaches; rather than by lengths. - If they got beyond the first length a few yards, they had to pay for the second length, when there was little additional inconvenience to the carter. Mr. Alderman Bitowri thought disputes very seldom arose upon that point. There was generally a cerwin agreement be tween the carters and their employers. Mr. Councillor MA XWELL said that Irish hides were charged more carting than other hides, which was hardly fair to "Old Ireland." Ivory was also charged more than elephant's teeth. The TOWN-CLERK said that it was proposed that the council should have two copies of the rates given to them, previous to the rates being amended. . Mr. Alderman BROWN said. they had had a communication frorn.some of the principal cart owners, with regard to altering the rates, but their statements were not of sufficient moment to induce them to alter their basis. NUISANCES. Mr. Councillor Mortncaorr said the committee had had a memorial sent to them relative to a great nuisance which ex isted in Houghton-street, in the manufacture of chicoree. The nuisance which it caused in that neighbourhood was such, that the occupiers of the houses were obliged to close their windows, and the innkeepers in Clayton-square would have their houses deserted if it was not put a stop to. He had made inquiry into it, and found that it caused a very great nuisance and a had smell, which made people sick. The memorial, setting forth the nuisance, and signed individuals - by up wards of 20 respectable in the neighbourhood, was then read over by the Town-clerk. Mr. Councillor MORECROFT would suggest that a bye-law should be made to meet this case. He believed that the general bye-law for the suppression of nuisances in Vauxhall-road, would not meet it, that being a bye-law for the suppression of noxious gasses. lie would beg to move that the committee be author iced to make such bye-law. Mr. Councillor JORDAN seconded this resolution. Mr. Alderman ROBINSON inquired if this offence was not in dictable in common law. The ToWN-cLEux—" Yes, and so are the Vauxhall nuisan- ces." The motion was then agreed to. Mr. Alderman BROWN said, with regard to the nuisances in Vauxhall-road, the council were blamed for not pulling the manufactories down. If parties would not bring sufficient evi dence before the magistrates for their suppression, it was not the fault of the council. The magistrates were ready to act upon the bye-law as soon as proper evidence was brought before them. Mr. Councillor JORDAN said the police had instructions, ou the subject. STEAM BOATS. The TOWN-CLERK said they would now proceed to the bye laws relating to steam-,boats. By the act of 18.35 power was given to the council to make such rules as they should think fit for their regulation. The council could fine up to £5, but no power of mitigation was given. The regulations relating to the piers and slips belonging to the Dock Trustees would stand on the same footing as the other piers, &c. The power vested in the council did not enable them to make bye-laws for the rega lation of boats on the river generally, but only when approach ing the basins, piers; &c. The first bye-law was— " 1. That all steam-boats coming to or departing from any of the said basins, piers, slips, or stairs, shall, after sunset and be fote sunrise, when or while within 200 yards from such basin, pier. slip, or stair, carry a light aloft and forward, in some con spicuous place under the penalty of forfeiture, by the master or person having the charge or command thereof, of the fine or' sum of 10s. ; and for a second offence,. alleged and proved as such, the fine,or sum of 20s. ; and for every offence being sub sequent to a second offence, and alleged and proved as. such, the -fine or sum of 408," Mr. Alderman BUNN thought the fine too low. Mr. Councillor BOLTON thought that the boats to which this law would apply would be generally the boats going across to Cheshire, and, in 19 cases out of 20, these boats di(thearry He thought the fines, as they were, quite - high enough. , Mr. GOlMlcillOr RATH RONE differed entirely fruin r. Bolton. He thought; where life was concerned, the fines ought to b e higher. neglect. Mr. Alderman LEATHOM perfectly agre ed in that. 'When five or-six steam-boats were crossing eac h wa y iu the dark, on winter ex p o si n ri g i ghtS, parties t to h ownersdange danger through h b r t g s ho theirght to be heavily fined for It was then agreed that the flue should be increased to 205., 405., and £5. , . 2. That no steam-boat shall remain at or off any of the basins, piers, slips, and stairs adjoining the rivet Mersey, with out at least three competent persons being on board to attend the same, under the penalty of forfeiture, by the master or 1) , :n-- son having the charge or command thereocof the fine or sum of 55.; and for a second offence, alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 10s. ; and for every offence being subsequent to a second offence, and alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 205."---Agreed to. " 3. That all steam-boats a nd other boats and vessels comin g to any of the said basins, piers , sli p s, or stairs, for the p ur p ose of landing any passengers o r car g o, shall be entitled to the preference of the landing place u ntil dischar g ed (exce p t as here mat% er provided with regard to th e landin g of cattle at the sli p of the north end of Georg e ' s Parade ; ) and all masters and other persons having the charge or command of any such steam- - the landing boat or other of and boat the orvess passengersel, shall, e a withoutfrom any e delay, chs tcompletesteam-boat or other boat or vessel, and shall, immediately after such landing, haul off the said steam-boat or other boat or vessel to such a dis tance, not being less than twenty yards from such basin, pier, slip, or stairs. in order to enable other boats to discharge their passengers and cargoes, tinder the penalty of forfeiture, by the master or person having the charge or command thereof, of the fine or sum of 10s.; and for a second offenc e, alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum 0r205.; and for every offence being subsequent to a second offence, and alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 405." . Mr. Councillor BOLTON suggested that a boating pas sengers should shove off, if required by the land proper party. Referred to the committee. "4. That no master or other person having the charge or command of any steam-boat, or other boat on vessel, shall per mit or suffer the same to remain at the slip at the north end of the George's Parade, for. the purpose of landing or receiving horses, cattle, merchandise, or other things on board at such slip, for a longer space of time than ten minutes under the pe nalty of forfeiture, by the master or command thereof, of the fine or sum of 10s.; 11 E4 for a second offence, alleged and proved as such, the tine or sum of 205.; and for every offence being subsequent to a second Offence, and person havin , ) the chargor alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 40s." --Agreed to. a That no mster ot othr erson having the charge or command of any steam-boat. e or p ether boat or vessel, usually employed in carrying goods or passengers beyond the limits of the port Of Liverpool, shall permit the same to ply, or to be or remain at any pier, slip, or stairs, fer the purpose of landing or receiving passengers or luggage, for a longer period of titne than twenty minutes each voyage or trip under the penalty of forfeiture, by the master or person having,the charge or com mand thereof, of the fine or sum of 205.; and for a second Of d • fence, alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 405.; an for every offence being subsequent to a second offence, and al leged and proved as such, the tine or sum of £5." Mr. Alderman EVANS wanted to know if there would be an exception in favour of his Majesty's packets ? Mr. Councillor J. lloLsras thought they should have no longer time allowed than any other packet. Mr. Councillor Smut. should wish to know why they should be excepted? The Towsr-cLEnic thought they would except themselves. They had no authority over them. Mr. Councillor Sit isr. said, when his Majesty condescended to make his vessels trade fur passengers, he aid not know why ,he should be excepted any more than any body else. • Mr. Alderman EVANS would recommend the exception on the ground of policy, for he believed the crown would not submit to the interference, but would take the packets away. He would move the exception of his Majesty's packets. The MAYOR thought it had much better be so, as no greate r misfortune could befit! the town than the removal of those packets. and that had been attempted . • Mr. Councillor BOLTON would move that these pac kets be allowed to hello longer before the pier than any other beats, They were a very great nuisance. Mr. Alderman . BßOWN thought if they had no power t o Coerce them, it was veil- unwise Lo endeavour to do so. It appeared to him that they had no power over them, and they had much better not meddle with them. Mr. Councillor BOLTON would give them no privilege which they had not by law. Mr. Councillor Stmt thought it was better to make a ge neral law. If they were not amenable, it was all very well. But he thought they were amenable—that they were not the property of the crown, but merely employed by 7 the post-office. The MAYOR said they were noW'ttansferred to the Admiralty- The bye-laws was then referred to the cotntnittee for recon sideration. limits tthe employed port e f i v a e r r ry p e i n e g i. goods o h r a p p ; utgee be f) 1 a ' t i t t t h a e l 6. "That in ease any boat or vessel, not being one u suall y a rs en ging of • of the kard basins; pi6rd; st?ps , . or staifq fM. 'e""lng terrpos-e -- passengers or cargo on board xvhen any other boat or vessel shall arrive Gar the purpose of landing passengers or cargo, the master or other person having the charge or command of such first mentioned.hoat or vessel, shall not permit the &dine to re main for a longer period of :time at such basin, pier, slip, or stairs, for the purpose of receiving such passengars or cargo, after the arrival of the said other :boat or vessel, iintriediately, if required, to the proper officer, under the penalty of forfeiture, by the master or person having the charge or command thereof, of the flue or sum of 55.; and for a- second offence, alleged and proved as,such, the line or sum of 10s.; and for --every offence 'being subsequent to d second offence, and alleged and proved as such, the tine or sum of 20s.'' Agreed to. 7. " That no master or other person having the charge or command of any steam-boat' or other vessel, not being one usually employed in carrying goods or passengers beyond the port of Liverpool, shall permit the sanie to be or remain at any basin, pier, slip; in stairs, beyond or longer than such reason able time (not exceeding twenty minutes) as shall be actually requisite for the purpose of taking ou hoard the passengers and clrgo, under the pengty of forfeiture, by the master or person having the charge or command thereof, of the fine or sum of 55.; and for a second offence, alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 10s.; And for every offence being subsequent to 'a second offence,. and alleged and proved as such, the fine or, sum of 205." Agreed to. 8. "That no master or other person having the charge or command of any steam-boat, shall permit the same to lie or be moored nearer than twenty yards from any basin, pier, slip, or stairs, except whilst landing or taking on board passengers or cargo, under the penalty of forfeiture,, by the master or person having the charge or -command thereof, of the fine or sum of 10s. and for a second offence, alleged and proved as such, the, -fine or sum of 205.; and for every offence being subsequent to a second offence, and alleged and proved -as such, the fine or sum of ' Mr. Conncillor BOLTON thought 50 yards enough. Referred to the harbour master as to distance. The 9th bye-law was struck out, relating to not permitting horses, cattle, &c., landing ber,re the passengers. 10. •`'That no Taster or other person having the charge of command of any steam-boat or other boat or vessel, shall per mit the same to take ground within the distance of fifteen yardi scrim any basin, pier, slip, or stairs, u 44;ler the penalty of forfeit ure by the master or person having the command thereof, of the fine or sum 'of 55. - ; and for a second offence, alleged and proved as: such, the fine or sum of 10s.; and for every offence being subsequent to a second offence, and alleged and proved as such, the - fine or sum of 205." rilr.,Alderfnan LEATHom begged to propose that this bye-law be referred in the same manner as to distance. • • Agreed to. ' 11. "That no boatman or other person employed in or about any - steam-boat or other boat or vessel, shall, by any wilful, un necessary delay in the loading or discharging of the same, ob struct or hinder any other boat or vessel from loading or dis charging, under the penalty of forfeiture, by the inaste'r or per son having the charge or command thereof, of the fine or sum of 10s. ; and for a second offence, alleged and proved as such, the fine or sum of 20s. •• and for every offence being subsequent to a second offence, and alleged and proved as such, the flue or sum of 405." Agreed to. - Mr. Councillor. Lasser..t would suggest that, in foggy wea ther, steam-boats, on approaching the piers, should be made to ring a bell. Referred to the committee. Mr. Councillor RATunoisr. would ask if there was no power to compel steam-boats close to the pier to consume their smoke. Referred to the committee. Mr. Councillor EA rt La wanted to know if any thing had been done towards abating the greatest nuisance in the town—the landing piers. Mr. Alderman LRATHOM said nothing could be done until Captain Denham's, survey had been made, and until further ex amination had been made with regard to the banks. This was under consideration, and would be acted upon as soon as could be. After some further desultory conversation, the Council ad , journed till 12 o'clock on Wednesday. PUBLIC IVIEETINGFOR * ERECTING A MUSIC HALL On Saturday, a public meeting of the principal merchants, and gentleman of the town, was held at the Court-room, in the Session House, called by the Mayor, in answer to a requisition most numerously and respectably signed. At two o'clock, the hour of meeting, about 100 of the principle inhabitants of the town were assembled, and shortly after the MayOr entered, and took the chair, and was received with loud cheers. The CHAIRMAN then said, with the object of the meeting he believed they were all well acquainted, and he thought he need not say that they would all agree when they had heard the names of the requisition for convening the meeting called over, that they could not recollect any requisition which had been so numerously, and respectably signed. When, also, they con sidered the nature and the object of the meeting, they would agree with him that there never was an occasion on which the town of Liverpool was so unanimous. ( Hear.) They . had heard a great deal for a great many years past of the rising prosperity of the town of Liverpool, and he thought, that while, at the same time, the wants of the town had been continually increasing, there had been a great want of accommodation for all those public purposes which were common to a large com munity He thought that they would agree with him that they should not do their duty so long as they suffered such a blot on their escutcheon to retnain. (Hear.) The immediate cause of the meeting being called together had arisen out of the late festival, from the great difficulty which had been found in pro viding a proper place for holding the oratorios in. That diffi cdlty had been so great that it was determined, if possible, to avoid in future, any such inconveniences as had been lately ex perienced by the congregation of St. Peter's ; and, also for pro viding a place so large that it would be adapted for such purposes as might be called for by the town at large, for public meetings of every description. He felt that sacred music was never so impressive as in a cathedral or church, though there was souse difference of opinion on that question. At the same time, it could not be denied, that the churches presided over by the rectors, whose services had always been most readily af forded, (cheers) were not exactly fitted for 'this purpose. — Neither was it fair that any clergyman should be called on toin convenience himself, and to be expelled from his church for weeks, in order to snake room for the performance of an oratorio. lie trusted, that the present occasion would give rise to a subscrip tion which should enable them to remove those conscientious scruples which many had felt at appropriating churches for oratorios. (Hear.) When they considered the great public spirit of Manch6ster, and that probably the late festival would give rise to a similar building there, and that Birmingham had erected a building which was an ornament, not only to the Own, but to the country, he trusted that when Liverpool was, held up to the world as a thriving place, that a subscription would be entered into, and a Plan for a building determined on, which should be fit not only for oratorios, but all other public purposes. He should be happy with his individual influence to forward the object in the council; that a building Might be erected which should be an ornament to the town, and useful for general purposes. He should now call on the Town-clerk to read over the names of the requisition. The TowN-CLERK then read the 'requisition to the Mayor to convene the meeting, Which was signed by about 200 of the principal inhabitants of the town, the names of whom he read over. The MAvort said he had no doubt but that some gentleman who had signed the requisition would propose some resolution. The 11ev. RECTOR BROOKS then rose and was received with cheers. He said he, had been requested by several gentlemen to bring forward some resolution on this subject. Whilst he regretted it had not fallen into abler hands, there was one cir cumstance which, perhaps, made him the fittest person to bring forward a resolution on this subject, and that was the great in convenience he had himself been put to from the want of proper accommodation for the festivals. (Hear.) The Mayor had said quite truly, that' it was a very unpleasant thing to call on any clergyman to site up his church, especially when - the congre gation was such a one as he had the happiness to preside over —(hear)—and in order to accommodate the public to be obliged to tarn their congregations abroad for several Sundays. His church had now been tour Sundays vacant, owing to the altera tions in it for the festival. He Was one of those persons who was of opinion that sacred music was best performed in a sacred place, and he did confess, that the associations connected with the music in such a place were inure gratifying to him than in any other. They must, howeyer, endeavour to remedy the in conveniences to which they had been subjected, he thought the churches ought not to be resorted to on another occasion. In Manchester they had a very fine church for the purpose, but they were there enabled to hold their oratorios without turning out the congregation for a single day. He hoped that the pre sent endeavour to remedy the inconveniences they had met with at the last festival would be crowned with success. It was true that a great sum of money might be required for this purpose, but, perhaps, when the town considered that there was not a single room fitted for a public meeting unless they could get the Mayor's permission to grant the Court-house, that that object would be joined to it, and that a building would be erected in a style of splendour which should do credit to the town at large. He Would beg leave to move "that as it had been found that great public Inconvenience had been experienced in the town f r om the want of a room of sufficient extent for largo meetings, that this meeting do now resolve, that measures be taken to remedy this defect." (Cheers.) Mr. THORNELY, M.P. said, since he had come into that room he had been requested to second the resolution. For a great length of time the inconvenience which the Rev. Rector had stated had been felt in the town. They had been unable to hate any festival without compelling the congregations of the Parish Churches to go abroad for several weeks. And after all he must say that the accommodation afforded in St. Peter's Church was not such accommodation as ought to be afforded. The question ought to have been taken up long before, but he thought in should r r ' instalmentsoAnasil the present . time as auspicious a one as any former.period. There was more wealth in the town. more intelligence, and, he apprehended, more public.spirit. He apprehended that the de tail might be submitted to the committee, and that they would think it right afterwards to call another public Meeting, and then to submit what measures they thought desirable. He had no doubt but that the funds would be raised. He thought it de sirable that the shares should not be heavy, so that the various classes of the community might have an opportunity of sub scribing wit. He had much pleasure in seconding the motion of the Rev. Rector Brooks. The MAYOR then . put the question to the meeting, and the resolution was unanimously passed. Mr. LANGTON said he had been desired to take charge of the next resolution to embrace the pecuniary part of the business. It had been thought expedient to raise the sum wanted in shares of not too gr.eat a value, in order that every class society in the town might have an opportunity of joining in the subscription if they thought fit. The sum of £25 had been pro posed for each share, which it was proposed should be called for tnittee should be formed for carrying this purpose into effect. during the progress of the work, and that a coin- Mr. Alderman BARCLAY seconded the resolution. as bad been ties iAi t iN3 s The Marcia put the resolution, which was unanimously st idpted. to it. R ooe many others who, it might be thought, ought to be suEggAeßsLt names.d r Theyo them, had ° posed to be The names of several gentlemen were then pr _ ro a pnods, chosene there th a t sucht w hee added. committeeegop Kolb oa bny and Mr. Harvey included in the committee, and that M. Dean of i n ' i h ly e pMeArsvoonaosoatihlothotenovonshitit)eueb.l be glad to have the assistance be secretaries. + repose that Mr. England, seconded Mr. CHARLES LAWRENCE then' rose p Aspinall be requested to act as trees • matters. un N a l o r i . m G o o o n sl e y e a e d v op tA d ß . NSLEY seconded the re( s c ol h u e t e io r n s. ,wh i ic i h e w w a a s s a gentleman who had much experience in these the amount of the Mr. HARDMAN EARLE said that though shares was limited,.the number to be taken was not.'Though theA IrWILL resolution, A which u R w i ri which I°ViristilleßßßElainnik:UfslY the object of building this hail was not tobring any interest, vet it would return handsomely, he had no doubt. It would be LOR ied on in the spiriVin a ing( rs f t o iy, r ed ep and irin t, u t. r d p s,: o r; cese.e,nssz,o,evf twith balls, g re c a o t nptchleeirsat pleasure exhibitions,l,olrbejete object. It a mi tamalgamation, a e s a u i gt r ii e iol s ty , *a.ith:fall begun‘ ainitroci'Weitt)tul(dAbc to:rr he h hopedthe al it hail Mr. HARDMAN EARLE said the hall was not to be either whir or tory. (Laughter.) • Mr. B A resort said a project was on foot for erecting a build ing for the subseription concerts, and about £4,009,had been collected. He would suggest that the two projects should be embodied: ['he Mayon said he had no doubt they would not object to this and hand Over their Subscriptions for this purpose. SubScription lists were then handed round, and various gentlemen wrote down their names fur shares, and a considera ble stim was subscribed on the spot. The Mavoit then said that the business of the meeting was over. He could not help saying that it had proved much more harmonious than the last morning's performance over which he had presided in that place. The chorus at that time bad been complete, but he *at sorry to say that Sir George Smart had not drilled them into concord. 'rite meeting that morn igg had been more harmonious. He washappy that this meetin ould rosette the town from the disgrace under which it had laboured. Mr. WM. EA RLE then moved a vote of thanks to the chair, and the Meeting dispersed. LIVERPOOL MICIIA.ELMAS SESSIONS. These sessions commenced yesterday before James Clarke, Esq., recorder. There are 88 prisoners in the calendar charged with felony and 15 with misdemeanour. The perpetrators of the late extensive attempt at forgery on one of the Irish banks, as well as the explosion at the Postoffice, will be tried at these sessions. The following, gentlemen were sworn on the Grand Jury : Edward Gibbon, Esq.,.Foreman. William Rotherham. Thomas Sands, Esq. Thomas Tobin, Esc, : Godfreysßarnsley. William Watson, Esq. John Coward, Esq. Peter Sergeantson, Esq. William Swan, Dixon, Esq. T. Buddicuui Blackburn; Esq. William Dixon, Esq. Richard Aspinall, Esq. Edmund Hore, Esq. Edward Humble, Esq. Richard Eddleston Hyde, Esq. Daniel Buchannan, Esq. - E. Moon, Esq. • William Claxton, Esq. John Marriott, Esq. John Unsworth, Esq. Wm. M'Cracken. Rewson, Dutchman, Esq. After the proclamation against vice and immorality had been read, the Recorder inquired it the defendant in the Postotfice prosecution was in custody, and was answered by Mr. Batchel der in the affirmative. The RECORDER then proceeded to address the Grand Jury. He said, "Gentlemen of the Grand Jury, I have by the -vigi lance, I must say the very commendable vigilance, of the officers below been put in possession of all the depositions of the seyOral cases. And this ought always to be done that the recorder might be in full possession of the nature of the cases befoi.e they are submitted to your . judgment. This, I must say, has been done with very great clearness. I have looked through the de positions, and lam happy to congratulate-you that the cases of which they treat. are not very severe. It is true the calendar contains a considerable number of cases ; however I am happy to tell you that this calendar, when .contrasted with the calendar of October, 1835, contains not more than a moiety of cases than occurred this time twelve months. It is a very important and satisfactory circumstance, and I must say it is owing much to the character of the ,new police. lam very happy to discover that it is a preventive police. 'That accounts in a great degree for the decrease of crime. And lam happy to say that this morning, in consequence'of an interview I had with Mr. Whitty, the superintendent of the police, he does as sure me that there is no comparison between the quantity of crime which now exists with what did exist, it is so greatly diminished. I need not say that in the manufacturing districts the apprehension of crime was always the greatest; and we all know how justly such apprehensions at one time were enter tained. I am happy to say also that crime is very greatly on the decrease in the manufacturing, districts. The masters of manu factories now find that it is essential to their welfare as men of business to attend very minutely to the improvement and bet tering the condition of the various.children and other persons in their employment. And though the legislature have very properly interfered on this point, they have made it a matter of duty to educate the children on week days as well as the sab bath. I know that of inv own knowledge. I ant happy to say that the masters themselves perfectly . value the advantage of this. and have outstripped the provisions of the legislature, coming forward themselves fir the general good. This must have a happy influence in improving the condition of the lower classes, and must have the effect of materially decreasing crime. There is a portion of this calendar which tells of one descrip tion of crime carried to an alarming extent. We have heard of crimes committed by unfortunate women, and they seem to have given themselves to rapacity and plunder to a great ex tent. But while I blame them, there is another class of persons almost as culpable ; that is persons who will go into the streets whilst in a state of intoxication, with large sums of money about them. It is discovered at once, and in a few moments it is taken from them, and then the police are called for, lam 'afraid that no police can reach this description of offence. if parties will themselves give the facilities for the commission of crime, they have really no right to complain of the police that they are robbed. Their own prudence would have kept their property safe. Is it not frightful that the expense of 31) prose cottons is thrown on the public by the gross misconduct and gross negligence of pfivate individuals who don't know how to take care of their money? I shall watch these cases as they come forward, and if I find any requiring strict animadversion, I shall feel called upon not to allow the prosecutors their costs. They have no right to have them. There are one or two cases in the calendar which from their novelty I should mention. There is one case of forgery; it is No. 76 in the calendar}. It .is an indictment against a man named Geor g e Jackson, for having feloniously and without lawful authority had in his pos session a plate, on which is engraved a promis;ory note for the payment of money, by a certain body corporate, carrying on the business of bankers, and called the hank of Ireland. If you are of opinion that this man was in possession of plates, or papers on which were printed a promissory note, or any part thereof, and he cannot satisfy you that he had authority for having• them inhis possession, then he is guilty of forgery under this act of Parliament under which the indictment is laid. It a very wholesome act. It an act entitled "an act for the extension and amendment of the present act relating to forgery," and is an amendment of the 11th of Geo. IV. and the 4th of William IV. It is laid in the 18th section of this act. If you should find that he had these plates in his possession and intended to make an illegal use of them without the authority of the bank, that will come within the Act of Pio4iament. I have looked at the depositions and have little doubt but they will reach the pri soner. There is also, another case which is interesting from its novelty and the extraordinary nature of the circumstances re lating to it. But, as far as the facts are concerned, I don't think you will have any difficulty in disentangling those facts and coming to a conclusion as to the nature of the crime. I have looked through the depositions and have quite concurred with those who framed the charge. It is very much to be la mented that this offence comes before you in the nature of a misdemeanour. Undoubtedly from its .consequences it ought to have been charged as a felony. lam happy to find that the commissioners have commented pretty strongly on the nature of the Act of Parliament which takes cognizance of those offences, which is commonly called Lord Ellenborough's Act. Its pro visions have been enlarged, but not to such an extent but that numbers of cases of this nature are not taken cognizance of by it. There was a case in this town in which a person was charged with throwing vitriol acid in a woman's face. The woman was very severely wounded, and it was stated that it h a d been done with intent to wound her. The Jury found her guilty, but Lord Tindal, a very able judge. reserved a point w h e th e r the ease came within the Act of Parliament. Now look at the act; it was far the prevention of stabbing, cutting, or wounding; and vet it was held, that in that act the wound was not one which the legislature had contemplated, and the woman was set at liberty. But surely it is high time that the public should,be protected from that species of wounding. If you wound a man with your stick, and intended to do him some grievous bodily harm, it is quite immaterial whether he is the person you in tended to wound or riot. Now, if any injury, as serious as injury can be, takes place in another way, and under other circumstances, it is quite time for the law to be extended• to those circumstances. Now the injury, by. the introduction of this fulminating silver into the letter at the Post-office, we all know was as clearly committed as could be. Various injuries were produced by it, and it is me lancholy, that at this time of day when a person might be imprisoned or sent to Botany Bay under other circum stances less serious, that he could not he committed for this offence. There is no doubt that it is a misdemeanour; the law very wisely says that every act that a man does to a passenger or other person, though the party never contemplates to injure the particular individual who is injured, yet, if the mischief is of a general - character, and falls on any individual, the law says that is quite sufficient to constitute au offence. I will state a case. It has been held that any act of wilful negligence is a misdetneanonr. To put on board a ship a quantity of gun powder, or any other dangerous or combustible matter, without giving due notice to the master of the ship, and without giving proper caution, (which was the same as putting fulminating silver into a package without the proper caution,) would a mount to a misdemeanour; With reference to the observation which I just now made, that a generally intended mischief compre hends an individual mischief, Lord Tindal says—' Although no mischief is intended to any particular individual, yet if there is a general determination and inclination to mischief, and the act is in itself alike wilful to all, and one person is injured by it, it amounts to a misdemeanour."lhus, if a man will discharge t a stone amongst a multitude of people, or ride into a crowd mbae vicious horse, and any person were kill ed, that man would guilty of murder. As if a man should, pass in g along a street, throw a stone over a wall, and a person passing side is thereby slain, this also is murder, owing to the previous person he met, malice. For, if a man resolved to kill the first pe h. on the ot her . Therefore, you need not embarrass, this would be murder, if he did so, mischieftheques tions to whether this man intended to do _ _ though yourselves h e with hw any him not. no t unfor tunate individual who suffered. If the act was of the nature of an act full of danger, bent with mischief to the person to whom ffi t c ,c i et facts t. are Therefore,proved it against you will it I - ash7iyelooked at th e depositions, that you will have veryin that. You will have to disentangle the facts, little e which I think are not h i t victual a w ve a to s charged. e c n o t i i consider r would whether seems he the t s o u difficult, and I think , as sensible men, you will form a correct conclusion upon them. The grand jury t hen retired as far I After true bills had been found, the court proceeded to the trials of several felonies. They were, however, not very im portant, an d the particulars have appeared i n our p o li ce re ports. i We ar e obli g ed to omit theta for want o f room. oft • !i i, 7 •er,,,zs.mosiimwera,f`, LECTURE ON OPTICS-111 ECU AN ICS' INSTITUTION. of his Saturday iscou cou r se eto eaven n numerousi g Mr. A . andddaan attentive t t iv l e i v a e u re a c i l e te ric h e lecture The Heliostat is an instrument used for the Jiurpose of dir'ect ing. the rays oftg,ht towards a distant object, so as to render the spot on which it is placed conspicuous, for the purposes of stir- , veying. A flag would not be visible at any great distance. Some years ago a very expensive instrument, called by thiti name, was used for that purpose, consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork so as to keep it continually directed towards the sun, from which mirror the rays were directed towards the dis tant observer. The instrument now used consists of a telescope tube and a couple of plane reflecting mirrors. of glass.• The two mirrors are placed at right angles to eacli other, and are moveable on the same axis. A. middle glass is oppOsed to the telescopic tube, having a portion of the silver removed from its centre, so that a person looking down the tube may behold any mountain or other object he may wish. Byproperly adjust ing the glasses, the sun's rays will fall upon the middle glass and be reflected up the tube, whilst at the same time they are di rected by the other two glasses towards the 'distant mountain. To prevent injury to the eye of the spectator frOti the sun's rays, coloured glasses are inserted in the telescope tube. The sun's rays thus reflected are sufficiently brilliant, to be seen across the channel, provided the mountains be of sufficient tude for the purpose. For simple operations a more simple mode of illumination might be adopted. A mirror might be oscillated in the proposed direction, so that the sun's rays would be reflected up and down upon the distant hill. In this manner the rays will be seen thirty ,miles withoUt the aid of a teles- cope. It has already been stated that the foci of rays vary accord ing to the portion or form of the lens from which they p roceed. This aberra.tiokis regulated by a certain law, and varies with the thickness of the lens. If We use a double convex lens of equal curvatures the aberration is always equal to 1 and 67-100 . , or nearly double its thickness. If the lens be plano-bonvex the amount of aberration will be .1 and 17-100 its thickness, when used in the best manner, but considerably more if its rays pass into the flat side. When a lens has a greater degree of con vexity on one side than the other it is called a cross.lens. Sup.: posing the radii of the curvatures of a lens of this description be as 2 to 5, if the most convex side be turned towards the sun, the aberration will be 41 times its thickness, but if its almost plane surface be similarly directed it is only 1 and 17-100. If we take a lens where the radii of curvature are more disproportion 'ate, the aberration will be less on the least curved surface. Sir John-Herschell invented a compound lens; consisting of two plano-convex lenses, the radii of the convex sides of which were as 1 to `Laud 3-lUths, by which the aberration is totally destroyed. A combination of a cross lens and a meniscus lens will answer the same purpose, the cross lens being always nearer the *eye its the telescope. When the aberration of light is destroyed, ,the image is much more perfect than it otherwise would be. If we use a lens with an uniforni curvature of surface, and present it to an object, the light of that object on passing through will be brought to a focus, and present one image ; but if we grind the face of this lens into two, three, or more sur facei, each of these new surfaces will have its separate focus, and present an image of the object. Such lenses are called multiplano lenses. The decomposition of white light into a system of coloured rays, and the reiation which these rays bear to the decomposed Licitly, next engages the attention. When rays are sent through a prism of glass, they arc found to be coloured, provided the light be white; but should the light be coloured they will be of a mono-colour. In order to ascertain this by means of the sun's we must have a darkened room and pierce a hole through the shutter to allow a ray of light to come in either directly from the sun or by the reflection of a piece of looking-glass. These rays may be then received , by a triangular prism, in pass ing through which they are refracted and no longer yield the same white light, but seven different col dure or tints. The red will be the lowermost, -and the orange, yelloW, green, blue, in digo, and violet, ate successively seen in ascending order. This appearance is designated, when the rays proceed from the sun, the solar spectrum. A similar speetruM may be obtained from gas or any other white light. Nowlhese prismatic colours have certain peculiar properties; that is,. the light as decomposed into the spectrum or colours, will have a greater illuminating power in one part than in another; its heatipg power will be vas ried, as will its chemical, magnetical, and eleettical Properties. The yellow light has a greater illuininatingspower than the other lights. Now, with regard to the heating power, Sir W. Her schel' and others have proved it to be greater towards the red ex tremity than towards the violet, varying, however, in different kinds of glass or prisms. 'l'ne greatest heat it the spectrum produced by flint glass is at the very edge of the red light ; where there is no appearance of light the heat is the greatest. There the temperature of the thermometer on a summer's day was 79 ° Fahrenheit, when in the yellow light it was 62°, atuA 56 ° in the blue. ,The heat decreased from the red to the violet extremity. Now take crown or plate glass (for they have the same effect) and we shall fluid the greatest heat to be in the middle of the red colour. But if we take sulphuric acid and give it a prismatic form, the greatest heat will he found in the orange. If spirits of wine the maximum heat is in the midst of the yellow colour. Different glasses employed have powers to disperse the light differently; that is, to spread out the spees! truin. Flint glass has greater dispersive power than either crown or plate glass. These remarks will apply to any pieces of glass with sloping sides as Well 'as to prisms. This will give an idea of the interference, of col;mr in the action of the micro scope or telescope.. Suppose in 'looking at Venus we saw that star to possess a ruddy colour, we should set her down its a red planet like Mars, which we know is not the case. The red light is less refracted than the other colours. By ascertaining the deflection of a light as it passes through a prism we can ascer tain the indices of refraction fol the different rays. All the ta bles of refractive indices are made out with reference to the mean ray. The violet has the greatest refractive power, the in digo next, and so on down to the red. If white light be made to pass through a telescopic glass, the red is generally at the outside of the principal focus. In constructing microscopes and telescopes it is necessary to make them achromatic, in order that a white body should not give a coloured image. When a mirror is constructed so as to destroy the aberration of light,s and at the same time correct the prismatic colon's, it is called an aplanatic lens. In using two lenses, the optician may com bine both these desiderata. For this purpose, two piano-convex lenses are placed at a little distance: from one another, so that the rays which are bent in one direction on passing through the first glass, will be bent iu a contrary direction on passing through the second, and, uniting in a point again, will form a white light. If a numbir of colours be taken of a proper intensity and in proper quantities, by uniting them we shall get a white result, Supposing the spectrum divided into 100 equal parts, the red will occupy 11 of these parts, (provided the spectrum be formed through flint glass,) the orange 8, yellow 14, green 17, blue 17, indigo 11, and violet 22, therefore, if 7 parts were taken, supposs ing it were possible to procure thein.of the same beauty of colour as the rainbow, and they were mixed in the proportions pre-. viously named, re should obtain a white paint. Mr. Addams proved this by using a circular card, upon which the prismatic colours were painted, to revolve with great rapidity, when it pre sented a white appearance. Mr. Barlow's celebrated telescope was made with a fluid lens. Dollond constructed an achromatic telescope, in. which he em ployed three glasses for this purpose, although two are only used now. Mr. Rodgers has proposed a mode of correcting the aberrations of light and the prismatic colours, by means of ,a fluid lons. The fluid he uses is bi-sulphtiret of carbon enclosed by two glasses something like watch glasses, - placed back to back. These glasses ate surrounded by a ring of brass, so that the fluid cannot escape. This lens is put in the middle of tlie barrel, which renders it unnecessary to construct it of large di mensions, the rays from the object glass contracting before they reach it. This mode of compeusatiou has beets introduced with great success. Ono of the most interesting of the phenomena attendant upon the dispersion of a ray of white light is exemplified by the rain bow. We are all aware that when we see the raiubuw our back is towards the luminary producing it.. The sun generally causes the rainbow, but the moon occasionally produces it. Jf we see the rainbow in the morning it is always in the west, and in the evening towards the east. It is never seen when the sun is over our heads unless we are at the top of a high mountain. The drops of water constituting rain are little globules of mat ter acting the parts of prisms, and produce a prismatic effect upon the sun's rays. The bows aro sometimes two and even four in number, although we generally see t wo.• ,When the sun is about to set or to rise, and a person is on .1 he top of a high mountain, he may see a rainbow forming a complete circle--sa kind of iris. The colours ate always distributed upon the face of a cone of which the eye is at the vertex. It will be observed that the order of the colours is reversed in the lower of the two bows, the red being uppermost, whilst in the upper bow the rod colour is at the bottom. The cause of this is easily explained. A ray in falling upon a dro p of rain is refracted as in ayrisra. I n emerging from the drop into the air it is refle c t e d again, an d ,rodiei.m r. Addams bow, a s only one colour from here we find that the v iolet colour which is reflected down frond the first drop is refracted inconcerned tip in the second. S evera l d rops ar e enters l the ucn e g the cue here illustrated and ex plained the causes which effect the circular shape of the rain bow in a very neat and conclusive manner. Light is always re fracted at a certain angle, varying in different bodies, 'but uni form in each. T to42 bus, unless the an g l e b e f rom 40 degrees, each drop we shall not be able to see a rainbow, as that is the angle at which water refracts light. Now, supposing two pieces of cord of that angle to be moved about, their two ends being kept_sta tionary, a circle would be described by them; and in this man ner, owing to the necessity which exists for the formation of this angle in every instance where water is the refracting body, we see the rainbow assume a circular appearance. On Wednesday evening Mr. Addams will treat upon the eye and the phenomena of vision, and explain the structure of the eve, its coats, membranes, humours, and muscles. The retinal image will be accounted for, and it will be shown why it is ne cessarily inverted. The " punctum centrals" will be illustrated, the defects of the eye and peculiarities of vision explained.— The motions of the eye in measuring the dimensions of and af • fecting the apparent places of objects will he accounted for, and ' the influence of the aberration of light upon our vision pointed out. LAUNCH.—Yesterdav was bunched, at eleven o'clock, from the building-yard of Mr. Christopher II eyes, jun., Trentham-, street, three beautiful smacks, called the Salmon, Turbot, and` Sole, belonging to the Liverpool Fish Company. CHILD BURNT.—On Friday morning a little boy, between three and four yearsof age, named Robert Jones, residing in a cellar in Back Wolte-street, was burnt to death in consequence of his clotheS having taken fire. LADIES' CHARITY.—The election of two surgeon accoucheurs to the Ladies. Charity, in the room of Mr. Parr, deceased, and Mr• Worthington, resigned, took place on Friday, at the Mat ; ton's house, 58, Duke-street. •1 he votes were, for Mr. King AYED.—About Ellison, 307; for Dr. Matins, 190; and for Mr. Long,' 176.. The two first were accordingly declared duly elected. Mn. HEYWOOD'S WILL—The late Arthur Jeleyweed , Es . (l,. the banker, died worth 'half a million, the greater portion of unequally. To one niece, whose husband is a partner in th - o r b i a e n d k a , hedn daughter t l e e r f t o fi.: that 5 0 niece, et,o hea l, nephew a s in the bank, who mar lae(tieathed also .6150,000; which he has bequeathed to his nephews and nieces th , e t 1)800e-ugly pro ceeded, to two other nephews, brothers of the banker, he has left only something into £lO,OOO each, whilst the two sisters of the favourite niece arc not mentioned in the will. All the nephews and nieces of the half-past ten ,'cluck, on Thursday morning, as Mr. Thomas of the Canal, near B u rlington-bridge, he heard a plunge in the water. he saw a boy standing on the bank about a hundred ddei Abram, si‘ c t e ia as ut e , 1 d ioonofdni were tsi,,,,r:teo ( 7 : fisk ,, krics..trigooid,Doos. uvw.gEcafivitinstrt,itie:,,a,::c.e::::,,,,... , a s , ha e nsa: w w; i ati t )lh h .Rkhrni h eonnN i v,g m , yards' the Canal. Immediately, however, the boy plunked in,and Abram then ran quickly towards the place, labouring man named Horrok and was joined by a assistance. They saw two children c s' to whom he called for immediately jumped into the C own life, as he could not s • children, who were brother Mur phy, the former eight rind the parents reside in Back P Canal, at in the water. Horrocks at the imminent risk of his swim a stroke, and saved both the named James and Laurence the latter three years old, whose infant had slip red into Portland -street. It appears % that the brother jumpe A in t the Canal accidentally, and that his little fellow !lead o save him—an attempt itt which the brave plitnent or y lost his life. Liorrocks deserves some com reward for his .- 11c lives,• the Leeds- 'l' street -avern. eneB.lllcing the banks. THE THEATRE. Public matters have latterly crowded so thick upon us that we have been constrained to omit our usual notice of theatricals, our whole attention having been absorbed with other things. The theatre, in the mean time, has been more than usually attractive, and in the style of performances now enacting, was never more worthy of notice. Mrs. Wood took her benefit on Friday night last, in the opera of "Cinderella," and had an overflowing house; since which time the engagement of Mr. and Mrs. Wood, and of Mr. Brough has b.-en ex tended for another week. Last evening the opera of " Cin derella" was again splendidly got up. Our limits compel us to give but a brief notice of this splendid opera. Mrs. Wood was not in such good' voice as we have heard her, but her execution was, as it always is, surpassingly brilliant. The duet between M rs . W oo d as Ci n derella, and Mr. Wood as the Prince, "Whence this soft and pleasing flame," was the gem of the evening, the chords were most beautiful harmony, and the cadences melody itself; it was 'enthusiastically applauded• So many musical efforts, however, occur in this operaic.e that it would exceed the bounds of our limits to n and sung exceedingly well, as also did M them. Mr. Brough as .Dandini, the valet, r both Often excited as Baron ,Pornpolino, whose comic importance The talent was, however, decidely the character of the evening, t very character, of this gentleman gives a richness of bunion He kept the house which will bear it, which is allotted te_h Ti-eiffitn.achinery of the piece in one continued peal of laughter. credit to the management. • d does much roars of laughter: Mr. Baker, as Pedro, the Ilaron's servant. is very well got up, an house was comfortably full. The drama of " Lucille" was repeated for the afterpiece. The HoriPicTstel'el - . _ _ - . _ - _ 1 ~ .y,~~~