The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-08-14 00:00:00

SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. A VERY PRETTY DISH OF EGGS.—Break some eggs into a small tart-dish, without injuring the yolk, or laying one over the other. Drop on them some warm butter, and lightly strew crumbs of bread. Put it into the oven until the whites be set, and serve with a wreath of parsley round the edge. HARICOT OF VEAL.—Cut the bones from the best end of a neck, then lay the meat in a stew-pan, and cover it with good brown gravy ; when nearly enough done, have ready a pint of boiled peas, four cucumbers sliced, and one large cabbage-lettuce, divided into quarters, all stewed in a little strong broth ; add them to the veal, and let them simmer a quarter-of-an-hour, then serve with force-meat-balls round the dish. WHITE CREAM.-Put into a basin a quarter-of-a pound of sugar, a gill of pale brandy, and an ounce and a half of either melted isinglass, gelatine, or calf's-foot jelly ; stir it well, and add a pint of whipped cream ; put it in a mould, let it set on ice, or in any cool place, and when ready dip the mould in warm water and turn out. Rum, noyeau, curacoa, or other liqueurs or flavours may be added. When liqueurs are used, add less sugar. If you have any ice, use only an ounce of either. is distinctly perceptible to the smell when mixed with five hundred thousand times its bulk of air. —Professor Johnston's Chemistry of Common Life. DRYING OIL FOR PAINTWORK.—The common " drier," or litharged oil, in France, is generally made thus :—Linseed oil is heated to near the boiling point in a melting pot, and skimmed; after three or six hours, about one-tenth of its weight of litharge is added to the oil, and the mixture is again heated for 'five or six hours. Another method is the following : —One hundred kilogrammes of linseed oil, as old as possible, are heated for about six hours ; six kilo grammes of litharge, and three kilogrammes of burnt umber are then added ; the mixture is heated for six hours, is allowed to settle, and is decanted. The lith arged oil, M. Chevreul says, is adulterated with sub stances which are greatly injurious to its properties. This remark may apply to the sulphate of zinc spoken of by Dr. Thomson, as required to be added to the litharge. The ordinary English method would seem to correspond with that used in France. M. Leclair, to whom the chief credit of the introduction of oxide of zinc is due, prepares his manganesed oil thus :—Lin seed oil is heated at the boiling point for five hours ; then for eight hours at least, with peroxide of manacra nese.—lt will now be discovered what are the best methods of procedure.—The Builder. _ _ _ THE PHILOSOPHY OF RAIN.—To understand the philosophy of this beautiful and often sublime pheno menon, so often witnessed since the creation of the world, and so essential to the very existence of plants and animals, a few facts, derived from observation and a long train of experiments, must be remembered :- 1. Were the atmosphere everywhere, at all times, of a uniform temperature, we should never have rain, or hail, or snow. The water absorbed by it in evapora tion from the sea and the earth's surface would descend in an imperceptible vapour, or cease to be absorbed by the air when it was once fully saturated. 2. The absorbing power of the atmosphere, and consequently its capacity to retain humidity, is proportionately greater in warm than in cold air. 3. The air near the surface of the earth is warmer than it is in the region of the clouds. The higher we ascend from the earth the colder do we find the atmosphere. Hence the perpetual snow on very high mountains in the hottest climate. Now, when, from the continued evaporation, the air is highly saturated with vapour, though it be invisible and the sky cloudless, if its temperature is suddenly reduced by cold currents descending from above, or rushing from a higher to a lower latitude, its capacity to retain moisture is diminished, clouds are formed, and the result is rain. Air condenses as it cools, and, like a sponge filled with water and com pressed, pours - out the water which its diminished capacity cannot hold. How singular, yet how simple, the philosophy of rain ! What but Omniscience could have devised such admirable arrangement for watering the earth ! THE RUBASSE.—A new precious stone has just been introduced to the world by a Paris jeweller, which is exciting much interest both amongst the scientific geo logists and the gentle craft of lapidaries and gem en gravers. The rubasse is a natural gem, and exceeds in brilliancy both the amethyst and topaz ; it is a spe cies of quartz, the existence of which has but just been discovered in Brazil, admitting of a higher polish than the emerald, and so hard as to resist the action of the file. Like the topaz, it acquires additional value by being passed through the fire, and the most beautiful colour is thus produced with the most rare and brilliant internal crystallization, which gives the rubasse one advantage over every other stone—no art can imitate this play of light within, which is called the givre by French jewellers, and highly prized by them. The colour is a soft and liquid currant red, somewhat paler than the ruby, but full and powerful as the garnet, therefore most becoming to the complexion. The ladies of Paris, in their rage for novelty, have eagerly adopted the rubasse. The empress has ordered an entire parure of the stone, and another one of most exquisite design has been ordered by the empress as a present to the Queen of Naples. Several snuff-boxes, destined . for presentation to the various illustrations about to visit Paris upon the occasion of the a r rival of Queen Vic toria, are decorated with rubasses, and have attracted the greatest admiration. The Duke of Brunswick has purchased the largest rubasse which has yet been cut ; it is destined to surmount an ivory cane. The gzvrem this stone is perfectly wonderful, seeming to reflect the rays of sunlight from every point of the compass.. DEODORISING PROPERTIR don Medical Gazette gives t, periments with roasted coffee, most powerful means, not and vegetable effluvia innocn ing them. A room in will( degree of decomposition had was instantly deprived of all roaster being carried throng] coffee newly roasted. In any effluvium occasioned by the so that sulphuretted hydroge: quantities could be chemicl' completely removed within ha ployment of three ounces of fr( the other parts of the house of the same smell by being si coffee-roaster, although the continued several hours aft, using the coffee as a disinfectant, • rat bean, pound it in a mortar, and thotil on a moderately heated iron plate 11 P e , dark brown tint, when it is fit for 1 1 ' , it in sinks or cesspools, or lay it 0, 3 which you wish to have purified. oil acts more readily in minute ' book of Facts. FASHIOS S ' TIER prevailing fashion for flounce s t patterns and trimmings of a differ° ground, and for flounces of two con' e posed alternately, has been adapted s tt ; 5 0' dresses intended for mourning e ° l; , seen several dresses of black flounces alternately grey and 1 °, 4 0 flounces are figured with w reat lls .,rof, grey, and the grey flounces are fignifl e ti pattern in black. Another elega alter ci for black silk dresses consists of sl l' puce-colour and black silk, scallor ed complete out-door costume, iutenclea ing, has just been prepared. Th e grey silk ; the skirt is not fl ou nce with side trimmings formed of l'ai7,o in a lozenge pattern, each lozeile t too; % Ao ki as the pattern ascends from the O w the top. At the points where "f Ot e lfi e t , there are placed small rosettes e re . , surrounded with narrow gli l P„ u : d which is high, and buttoned 11 411 n i ol; ' addition of a basque, and t h 5 11 iiet1, * , the corsage are ornamented virit' s o 3 ' to that on the skirt, but of mue1' 0 ,, , 0 3 ,40,t. The sleeves are a little in the P i f i e ' t oo h rather long, reaching nearly ° oil tb e c e; trimmed up their whole length , ooZe li p, arm, by guipure set on in a o' 3 o o l a d bonnet of French chip is to be t i l er "" c e. It is trimmed with an ostrich fe t. to. 13 the bavolet is formed whollY of,", ra e. ~„av of black lace completes the of An almost endless variety of ; le do e f t iej, sols has appeared from time to eriod summer, and even at this late P_chicea• ones are continually. being , most recent, consisting of Pale o v ito 1$ et covered with narrow frills of r ac i, yel ° oo o° these frills small rosettes o f b the interval of about an inch a.l 3 %, ieo tet,', est and most elaborately o,rll'.eiroeut,e is tri parasols is of white silk, and o de, l a i n b d b o i n n v to an t d h y e k t e o d p awnidthspfir-iilglgs sprigged d f N‘vvhitihtebl:2? silk. A small rosette of ,e l l , eto ree c P e ao f i notb er e, f 14 1 The stick of the parasol is _ 0 1 / 4 , t i h s e fix ce e n d ti small amethysts, anon sin g T ' are or, IP . , forms the handle, up which at e ro,elel, and initials of the o wner : , ,T w ith .oennftheeaepharroasseotitevis 00,041 of the new parasols have 1 - ,fi xeie si formed of mother -o'-Pearl, ini a l ac hite a fir have handles of coral.adY ' __---- Ifi r LI Printed alorillW ref3o' VERPOOL : •,,t,i ,l and Published every Tuesday - ,r o . i,,pi ,y ROBERT GENERAAR, of s `o OVA O6 STANDARD PRlN'OrirtiesdaY, GEORGE'S CRESCENT, Liverpool 34 1 .a i 1711'wonbuOeeaserFu,neib(Cipku_oettei F c :pc) f tlf, f llit iloe S etiii ' tic e ' : ' 4 : lli t O c V: i the result of 04/ I,lti e, proviug t i ll "' I 44 1 only of reilati iell meat /51i '1 I smell, ou a!'O;J Oa it contaiil;s,, ' 'other r oov i , , lo clearing Old 11Y detected 4 half a VIIIg, e l `' t ii resh rooteltittl‘ tre4 ''' simply it t, 0 deansits 0,,,. t' V. £ter. 01° ti ti , tie. ,k octant, 15 t : - runt r A continued several hours after. j , to l ti7 C using the coffee as • a disinfectant, r ogi F', bean, pound it in a mortar, and thei' ''it on a moderately heated iron plate 'a l ; '"is dark brown tint, when it is fit for . 01,9, f, D it in sinks or cesspools, or lay it 0, 3 which you wish to have purified. 11 / oil acts more readily in minute book of Facts. FASIIIOS 5 ' 4,,k 4 oreo p s 11 ,, THE prevailing fashion fo r flounce' t gpatterns and trimmings of a difiere ll , 4 . - ,91. 1 6 Ja th round, and for flounces of two eo ht 9 posed alternately, has been adapted s to vV.. )47, dresses intended for mourning C 4 vil l ? seen several dresses of black 1)L1 flounces alternately grey and ' - ' 0 , 4 .14 flounces are figured with wreath s e r o f/ grey, and the grey flounces are fie4 l l 2 Y pattern in black. Another. elegall; e roo 4 l a th q for black silk dresses consists of al t s7 2 l' puce-colour and black silk, s calloPe A fel; 1 , 4 complete out-door costume, iutencle"/„ : 0 0 , ing, has just been prepared. Th e , tilt ' grey silk ; the skirt is not flounce d ' with side trimmings formed of b i gioi lll o it l 'r in a lozenge pattern, each lozetl e i tolty,,,l as the pattern ascends from the o ° , 1 ," 8 1 / 4)i the top. At the points where "f Or e l/l e t , f there are placed small rosettes ° r e. fra li d surrounded with narrow- guiP,, u which is high, and bnttoned 11 ,111 addition of a basque, and b l l , tf i l e rl ) ,,,' the corsage are ornamented Wir . sta s ; fa r ' . to that on the skirt, but of inue°o,,,oo„o. of; The sleeves are a little in the P t f i 'e sy' o - 0", rather long, reaching nearly tb e d e , ' trimmed up their whole lengtbViole ll ,st9 \ arm, by guipure set on in a sn' a v orh ali t' bonnet of French chip is to be t i l er It is trimmed with an ostrich f t. el ec t-. la c the bavolet is formed wholly of black i cy" of black lace completes the Col ciaht 14/ An almost endless variety of e il e lie f , sols has appeared from time to 0i.„. 4 of K . 0,1 e rP , re it summer, and even at this late P chic eu• a 0 1 ones are continually. being Pr ° jo b: orL,O most recent, consisting of pale P ito covered with narrow frills of black° yelve, e . 1 ,VJ these frills small rosettes of 01; the interval of about an inch evi toi . y) parasols is is m o o f st wi el t a e bo ei r l a k t , el a y nci o i r s l i o tr e, l o lle ae , to the top with frills of w hite. e l-% e vibr isi vandyked and sprigged with b_ e , r oll f r , ) silk. A small rosette of ,ere , W err a itan,1 ; 13 ; cill e .1:4111;1111 ; 1 ribbon is fixed on the para o ., o ff and in the centre of each rosette n iothe r- ft The stick of the parasol is ene thY 4 . - ", small amethysts, and a singl e e ea ,e, OAP, ;' • forms the handle, upon which The, r ive . „,g e , \ and initials of the owner. .; w th formed m theed of ne w ra mother-o' have p 0 'r \ have handles of coral.-- Lady a n cY: LI %for" k,e SCIENCE AND ART. WHILE ENGAGED IN READING OR WRITING, acts during which we are apt to hold in the breath without being conscious of it, we should frequently make deep aspirations, rise from the table, and take a few turns across the room. When occupied w ith a n y matter requiring close attention, we should close our eyes every now and then for a few minutes. The physician will understand the reason for this advice, and the non-professional reader will do well to follow it. EARLY RISING.—Dr. Wilson Philip, in his "Treatise on Indigestion," says—" Although it is of consequence to the debilitated to go early to bed, there are few things more hurtful to them than remaining in it too long. Getting up an hour or two earlier often gives a degree of vigour which nothing else can procure. For those who are not much debilitated and sleep well, the best rule is to get out of bed soon after waking in the morning. This at first may appear too early, for - the debilitated require 'more sleep than the healthy; but, rising early will gradually prolong the sleep on the succeeding night, till the quantity the patient en joys is equal to his demand for it. Lying late is not only hurtful by the relaxation it occasions, but also by occupying that part of the day at which exercise is most beneficial." DIFFUSENESS OF PERFUMES.—One circumstance which presses very strongly upon our attention, is the extremely minute state of diffusion in which the odoriferous substances of animal origin still make themselves perceptible to our senses. A fragment of musk not only gives off a strollg smell when it is first exposed to the air, but it continues to do so for an almost indefinite period of time. Yet the odour must be caused by particles of matter which are continu ously escaping from the musk, so long as it continues exposed to the air. How inconceivably small in weight, how infinitely minute in 'size, the molecules must be of which this constantly-flowing stream of matter consists ! And to vegetable perfumes the same observations almost equally • apply A morsel of cam phor will for days fill a large room with its scent without suffering any material diminution in weight. A single leaf of melilot will for years preserve and manifest its sweet odour, and yet the quantity of cou marin it contains would most probably be inappreciable by the most delicate balance. We know in this country how a stalk of mignonette, placed in an open window, will scent the air that enters, through the whole of a long summer's day. But in hot climates, especially during the morning and evening hours, this diffusiveness of perfumes is still more striking. The odour of the balsam-yielding Humtriads has been perceived at a distance of three miles from the shores of South America—a species of Tetracera sends its perfume as far from the island of Cuba—and the aroma of the Spice Islands is wafted out to sea. The quantity of ethereal oil which gives its peculiar aroma to grape wine has been estimated at one - forty-thousandth only of the bulk of the wine, and that which gives the aroma to roasted coffee, at one-fifty-thousandth of its weight ; but the ozone Which exists in the atmosphere