The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-11-25 00:00:00

Ig AGRICULTURAL INTEr Several meetings of ,the• friends of agricu..... recently held through the country, and we extract the to iug from a speech delivered at the Ilmiufter Agricultural Meeting, on Wednesday week, by B. Escott, Eq., M.P., which comprehends the full exposition, and by consequence, a complete and satisfactory defence of the policy of Sir Robert Peel : occupie ) point k him or `ChTat and paramount as the landed, inter country is not the land of England alone to whic are indebted for our lands more fertile. as a natio then, that gives It is the creased van; England. To what h the we To its trade and commerce. has a power and wealth beyonc her trad th of the country mainly du How is it that this 1 ries ? Why, that )f the led over all par hat, then, was the object It would ha ting agriculture under the ci of the Government it late measures ss rcumstances of the country cl, therefore, it was the duty of the Parlia- and the Government to endeavour to encourage the mmercial and shipping interests of the country, as the best node of n'cre used value to agriculture - and of hene- fitting a ir c hisaalof the community. (Loud cheers.) Then there was the credit of the country, which also required some and active aid. When the late Parliament met there was no less than a ten million deficiency in the public revenue, which had to be made up. (Hear, hear.) And vigorou Was this enormous deficiency to be znitde up by s paltry shifting of the burden, or by pretended reductions? No. • • Was it not rather to be provided for by boldly looking fact at once in the face, and devising a plain and emedy, that should provide a fund to pay (Hear, hear, hear.) It was only to be honestly met by the government telling the t it was so much in debt, and , that it must be paid by the money in hand. (Cheers.) This is the way an honest man deals with his creditors in private life. But it is a mat ter which is of the deepest interest to the agriculturists first, and all other classes after them ; for it is not merely to our rowerfu the mone fairly and colonies, our trade, or our wealth, that we derive our great ness and our safety, but to the national honour—and what is national honour but the paying of all our just debts ? Appian hen it me such was the situation of this parliament and what did it do ? The government and the rst adopted the plan of an income tax ; certainly thing. (A laugh.) You feel it, and I feel it ; -ny time. s is not very agreeabl income it; should be remembered that this tax was not i agreeable thing in itself, and that this was an :ompanied by other measures which enabled the great bulk of the community to pay it, not only without feeling it much, but without feeling it at all. (Hear.) I know how some of you talked of this income tax—(a laugh)— but I tell you that, for your own sakes, the national faith must be kept. (Cheers.) You will, no doubt, say, if others are enabled to pay the income tax out of the reduced price of commodities, how are we, the agriculturists, to be enabled to pay it, when we are to sell our produce at a reduced price and to pay the tax also ? (Hear.) Now, I have stated it in the House of Commons, and I have stated it here, hat the income tax will be paid by the great bulk of the community, who are all consumers, from the decreased cost of the neces- Hear.) am glad to hear you assent to that ; cries of life let any consu and other r calculate what he saves in bread, in meat, tides, and he will find that it more than coml. his share of the income tax. But upon whom, :n fall? It will fall first upon the hoard : those who have more money than they will have to excellent friends for hoarding or, from the time I first thought us that some Fairs, I have felt anxiously desi should be devised that would reach this class of And it is a fac sure that has actually touchec ad, and upon which surplus th it three per cent. We have m - kind, and I do not find fault with the Ey I have no compassion for tt ects of the Queen t the income-tax is th em, so as to make great hoarders of money contribute towards the exigen of the state. (Loud cheers.) But there is another class which this tax falls; it touches us, as landowners and ;rs of land. (Hear, hear.) The tenant, as you are c, pays less, in proportion, according to his rent, than landowner. Now, I have always been accustomed to speak plainly, and I mean to say that every landlord is bound to consider the circumstances of his tenant, and in the long and that in case the occupying tenant's - .nt. is too ranch for his means accord ..s present rent, then the landlord should himself bear (Hear.) He must do it. I say that if the 34 apon the tenant makes his expenses more than his vinn is 'orth, the landlord should bear it, inasmuch as the tenant '-qs a party to the arrangement. (Hear, hear.) Who, s consider it on of 3 per et per cent ...c oenefits of our great and free insti- Jtection which rank and property enjoys, so uch as the landlords? I should be ashamed of myself if I that the landholders and the moneybolders of England I, n , called on, in times of difficulty, to uphold the edit and the national resources. The landlords enjoy a greater value for their land through the laws and re called upon to support roar which they derive so much in a time I would ask, enjoy tutions, the f customs of the country, and they governmet But a word or two to you, my friends. t from the income-tax and the new tariff a of na It may be said , nal pressure ill be c t upon agriculture; I have, however, come after considering the whole bearings of the the great protective power of the agricultural classes of the country rests in the renewed prosperity of its trade and commerce. And, with respect to the corn law, if you look at the late corn law, which has been superseded, there was a much greater panic and much greater distress among the agriculturists when the old law was in operation, than there is at the present time. Call your attention to 1835.6, and ask yourselves what you then sold your wheat for? Was it not ls. or ls. 6d. lower than at present ? " Yes, t then fair to say that the measures of the present government have produced ruinous consequences to you? I certainly had entertained great doubts as to the propriety of conceding the extensive alterations proposed to be Made in the corn laws, but at the same time I never enter tained the idea that a certain fixed scale of duties could be always adhered to ; and who, when be beard of the state of the starving thousands in the manufacturing districts, and felt that something must be done—who was bold enough to take upon himself the responsibility of making no altera tion ? I confess I could not do it. Gentlemen, I remember, after having come to this conclusion, I was asked in the House of Commons how 1 should meet the farmers of West Somerset again? I said I should them again, as I had al ways met them, honestly telling them what I had done, and giving them the reasons for having done so. (Applause.) As to the grazing department of agriculture, I know there are in their cattl :t a high pric it low prices• This is an evil such But I will ask you if been such as could not bi ;*, who bougi ow selling t s I do not wish palliate or deny rices of cattle have n - _ maintained in this country with fairness to the community? The fact is that unsteady prices are prejudicial to all. I be lieve, looking at all the circumstances of the country, that the late measures will give a great stimulus to trade and com merce, and that this will re-act upon the agriculture of the country. (Hear.) But to you—the operative agriculturists, if I may call you so---I . think that, although you will not have high pric - es, you will not have ruinous low prices, but that you will have the advantage of a more fixed price ; and should such be the case, then the late measures will be of the greatest benefit to you, the tillers of the soil. (Hear, hear.) But, supposing it should be found that the Government, in their measures, have gone a little too far, and that agriculture is now sufficiently protected—then, have we not a free parliament, whose duty it will be to repeal what has been done amiss ? We are bound to a corn' law. What is the object of a corn law ? It is to protect the growers of the poor people's bread, by encouraging the home growth of our country ; but, if the home growth is not sufficient for the con sumption of the people, where is the farmer who would stand between an altered corn law and the destitution of the people ? (Hear, hear.) I have supported a corn law because I believe it to be necessary ; but, if the present law does not answer its object, then we are free to consid6r the corn law again, and to repeal it. (Cheering.) Let us not, however, as agricultu rists, think we can, in times like these, sit with folded arms. No ; too much has been done to allow us to sit still. We must take our parts in the progress of the great destinies of England, (hear, hear.) And happy are we that we are al lowed to do so. Think how high is the privilege to have been born a subject of the Queen of Great Britain (cheers) on whose dominions, extended through the energy and enter prise of our forefathers, the snu never sets, and on the ex tremest corner of which no man sets his foot, but be enjoys the sacred rights of liberty (cheering),—and then think that this is that country, and these are the privileges, for which lied upon to make sacrifices. No, llthey are not sa- Great cheers.) _I feel from this moment, they are ri with free hearts, who, des P we are ca crifices. the offering of fr , . sing the mean artifices of party politics, are resolved to hand down to their children's children the national glory which they themselves have enjoyed." (Vehement cheering, long T TO LORD HATHERTON.—We regret to state ident lately happened to the noble Lord which that an might have been atter dwith rious consequences a little above the t with a shot from if John Esq., of Lichfield Considerable t bay not be rhage ensued, and the :mi.._ —en found ; but w PPyto state that the eye has escaped injury, and that —Sta f ford ,aminer ained attempt to c an named Harriet ar Midh7ust. It rs she had been affleted for I down a well 70 fection and jury her c ,hes partially bu A her 1.4 , :e under th e water, w h en s h e repente d of the act and ght bold of a projecting stone about two feet from the vat er s edge. She remained in this state an hour, when her cries brought several persons to her assistance, and she was brought up from her perilous situation and the only injury she received was a good ducking. IJESTRUCTION OF A LARGE STEAMER BY FIRE- - following has been received at Lloyd's :—" New Orleans, Oct. 12.—The ship Hero, Captain Ensor, master, which ar rived here yesterday, from Havannah. reports that on Thurs day last, at a b out 1 o'clock - in the morning, they were sur prised at observing the reflection of an extensive conflagra tion in the horizon. They immediately made all sail in the direction whence it proceeded, when, after going 10 or 12 miles, they discovered it to be a vessel on fire. Upun up to her, at about 7 o'clock, she proved to be a very p —unquestionably a steamer. The fire by that hour sumed the deck, the masts had fallen over was rapidly burning to the water's edge. 'mind the wreck for an hour or two, till she took place almost instantaneously. Upon o person appeared on board, nor was any r, tiowever, saw a bark bearing away to :h it was supposed must have received the .s. From the mark of an anchor, which cathead, and the appearance of several overboard, they judged the unfortunate ',h. , ' The New Orleans Bulletin of the s i ns a paragraph confirmatory of the —The ing at )f last month co - • PUBLIC ATTEMPT AT MURDER. —At the Town -hall Cambridge; on Monday, Charles Tri p low, a green-grocer' livine in that borouch, was charged w ith havin g at tempted r throat in the market.p lace, deposed, that on Saturday, ing, he was in the market, ,urday. Charles Wild, a six - and seven in the .ue prisoner and his wife standing against their The prisoner went up to his wife and pushed at her J r three times, as if angry, and they appeared to have n quarrelling. A woman called out to witness, "He ,ut her throat !" He hastened to the prisoner's wife, and saw her bleeding from the neck. The prisoner turned off, as It to run away, when witness collared him said to the prisoner_ ""v- Some one then e been cutting your wife's I'll cut her - heart out before I've done with he Coarles Gunn deposed ti The prisoner was not drunk his wife seen prisoner knotber wit! ti CANA CJ CC ESS Is AFFGHANIS GLOItIOUS NEWS An intermediate Overland Mail from India, with ne from Bombay to the 15th of October, has reached us by e traordinary express from Marseilles. The intelligence which it brings is of the highest import- at-Ice. for while it adds increased lustre to the glory of the British empire, it is calculated to consolidate its welfare tor A treaty for peace has been concluded with the Chinese Emperor, and a commercial treaty was about to be signed. Ghuznee and Cabul have been taken, and most of the British prisoners have been released from captivity. Akhbar Khan is a fugitive ; his adherents have been routed, and the British flag waves again over the Balla Hissar, or citadel of the capi tal of Affghanistao. The date of intelligence from the expedition at China comes down to the Ist of September from Nanking, and the lOth of that month from Hongkong and Macao. The proceedings of the expedition up to the 24th of July, including the storming of Cbin-kiang-foo, are detailed by the British Plenipotentiary in the following circular : le side of the head, to make en he went up to her and Witness saw a great gash I of his wife' and held her a short time, f. The Was prod ended fora fiw days.—Globe. deposed, ti is if he was going to and then cut her t the prisoner the woman was conveyed to the hospital. One irgeons of the hospital deposed that the wound was ;:hes in length, and one in depth ; the external jugular I been cut through. On his way to the station-house, )ner said he meant to kill his wife, and if she was 'could be happy he intended, after killing her, to - --ed with which . the wound very large clasp-knife, with a n was dangerously ill, and not 7ainst her husband, he was re- many suffer 1 other cc rce are ex ' TO HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY ' S SUBJECTS IN CHINA " Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, &c. in China, has high satisfaction in promulgating for the information of her Ma jesty's subjects, in China, the important progress and success of the expedition since the date of his last circular of the 24th of June. " The expedition was detained by bad weather and other circumstances at Woosung until the 6th of July, on which day it advanced up the river Yang-tze-kiang, and on the 14th reached a military position, built on a range of hills commanding the stream, where two small recently erected batteries, mounting 13 guns, opened the first fire since leaving Woosung on the leading ships, but were instantly silenced, and military buildings, connected and the guns, batterie " At this point the main body of the fleet was retarded by adverse winds for nearly a week, during which period some of the ships of war, assisted by the steamers, got up to Kishan' or Golden Island,' where the whole armament, amounting to 70 sail of vessels, assembled on the 20th inst., and anchored abreast of the city of Chin-kiang-foo. " A reconnoisance having been obtained the same evening, the troops were disembarked as early as possible the next morning. It was at this time believed that the majority of the Chinese troops, which had been variously reported at from 1,500 to 3,000 men, were in a camp, which was visible from hills overhanging the river, at a distance of about three miles. - - 51 " Against to General Lord General Bartley, was dir rate with of the fugitives from the and the left brigade, headed t _ _ lauded on the river face of the city, opposite the fleet, wher it was instructed to escalade the northern wall, which tht centre brigade was likewise appointed to do o❑ the southern side, after it had performed the other duty assigned to it. under Major ,d by Major to co-ope ted retreat ing off th of the city, Major-Gene! 1 Schoedde, " The Chinese troops in the camp did not venture to stand the near approach of our men, but after firing three or four distant vollies from their jinjalls or matchlocks, broke and dispersed all over the country, which was hilly, and covered with the jungle. By this time the left brigade had got on shore, when it became of tended to defend the city, ious that the Ta 3 the wv hich they _ opened a heavy and incesEant fire of cannon. jinjalls, wall pieces, rockets, and matchlocks. " As the left brigade moved up from the landing-place, the Auckland steam -frigate, which had been placed in position for the purpose, threw some shells among the enemy on the works with admirable precision, but was obliged to cease firing, owing to the rapid advance of the brigade to the bot tom of the wall, which was most gallantly escaladed under a heavy fire from the Tartar troops, who behaved with great spirit, and disputed every inch of the ramparts, availing themselves with great tact of their knowledge of the localities to gall our troops and screen their own. "The centre brigade got into the city (after some delay in finding a bridge to cross the Grand Canal, which runs along the western side of Chin-kiang-foo, and separates the walled city from very extensive suburbs) by blowing open one of the gates ; but, even after the left brigade had received this large reinforcement, besides parties of marines and seamen who were lauded the moment the opposition promised to be so stubborn, the Tartars manfully prolonged the contest for some hours, and it was late in the afternoon before they en tirely disappeared, which it is surmised the survivors did by throwing away their arms and uniform, and either hiding themselves till night enabled them to escape, or else mingling with the other inhabitants. " The city of Chin-kiang-foo is rather more than four miles in circumference, the works are in excellent repair, and the parapet, which is so thick and solid that nothing but cannon-shot could have made any impression on it, is pie - reed with narrow embrasures and loopholes, and flanked at a variety of spots with transverse walls. " It has 'hitherto been impossible to obtain anything like a precise; return of the strength of the garrison ; but from calculations made with reference to the extent of the works, and the Tartar troops seen on them at the same moment, it is thought there could not have been less than 3,000 men. Of these, it is said that 40 mandarins (officers) and 1,000 men were killed and wounded. The Tartar General Com manding-in-Chief retired to his house when he saw that all was lost, made his servants set it on fire, and sat on his chair till he was burned to death. His private secretary wa, found, the day after the assault, bidden in a garden; and on being carried to the spot, recognized the half-consumed body of his master, who was worthy of such a death. It will be readily understood that a brilliant service, of which the preceding detail gives but a very feeble outline, could not be performed without loss on our side; and her Majesty's Plenipotentiary is sure that all her Majesty's sub jects in China will participate in his feelings of sincere regret at the annexed returns of casualties of killed and wounded in her Majesty's combined forces. " Arrangements are in progress for placing a strong Bri tish garrison at Cbin-kiang-foo (which commands the en trances to the Grand Canal, and is therefore of vast impor tance), and the remainder of the expedition will shortly move up this majestic river, headed by the Admiral's flag-ship Cornwallis, to the neighbourhood of Nanking (which ancient capital of the empire is about 40 miles distant, and situate about three miles from the Yang.tse-kiang, with which it is connected by a variety of canals), it having already been ascerrained by actual survey that there is ample depth of water and no natural impediments. " GOD SAVE THE QUEEN. " Dated on board the steam frigate Queen, Yang-tse-ki river, at Chin-kiang-foo, this 24th day of July, 1842. " HENRY POthi•ZER, " Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary." LAND FORCE KILLED Colonel Driver, 6th M.N. I. ; Captain Collinson, 18th R. I. ; Lieut. Gibbons, 49th Regt. WOUNDED Lieut. Bernard, 18th R. 1., slight do. Baddely, 49th Regt., dangerously do. Grant, 49th Regt., slight Major Warren, 55th Regt Lieut. Cuddy, do. Capt. Simpson, Rifles do Ensign Trovers, 2d. M. N. I. slight_ Lieut. Waddle, Madras Artillery, severel Zemidar Number, 2d. M. N. 1., severely , severely do. NAVY KILLED, Major Uniacke WOUNDED. Crouch, Lieut. ; Lyon, Mid Killed and Wounded, Navy.. Army ... • Total 169 The general order issued by the Commander-in-Chief on the occasion is as follows : " Head quarters, Chin-kiang-foo, July 27, 1842. " Lieutenant-General Sir Hugh Hough has never derived more satisfaction from the conduct of the troops under his command than during the recent operations before Chin kiane-foo, and the storming and capture of the place. "The spirit which animates the troops, men as well as officers, natives as well as Europeans, is most gratifying, and the Lieutenant-General's only difficulty is to particularize. " Sir Hugh Gough cannot, howeve', pass without special notice the gallant manner in which Major-General S c hoedde, ..• availing himself of his discretion to convert his division into a real attack, carried the body of the place, which was obsti nately defended. The spirited conduct of Captain Pears, corn- leers, at noon day, in forcing the great Gate of the Western Work, and the eagerness of the column of assault, d.serye mention. The work of the column had been antici ineral Schoedde being unexpectedly found in possession of the inner gateway, but Major-General Bart ley was afterwards hotly engaged with the Tartars within the ed, iViajor- " His Excellency must also notice the great fatigue in curred by the troops under Major-General Lord Saltoun, in their long and successful march to drive the enemy from his encampment on the hill. "The Lieutenant-General bas only to regret the loss of so many gallant men, amongst whom are Lieutenant-Colonel Driver, of the 6th Madras Native Infantry, Captain Collin son, of the 18th Royal Infantry, and Lieutenant Gibbons, of the 47th Regiment, S. A. C.-General, who nobly fell in the performance of their duty as soldiers. " Sir Hugh Gough's thanks are offered to officers com manding brigades and corps, and Heads of Departments, who will be pleased to convey them to all under their respec tive command." The expedition soon after proceeded up the riverYang-tze, and, having anchored off Nanking, made preparations for bombarding that part of the city near the river. A large division of the army, under the command of Lord Saltoun, landed to the west of the city, and took up a position on a hill about half a mile distant from the walls. The inhabi tants are stated to have declared their unwillingness to allow their houses and property to be destroyed. The garrison, consisting of about 14,000 Tartars and Chinese troops, be came terrified. A flag of truce was sent out to the British Plenipotentiary, praying for a cessation of hostilities, which was granted, as Commissioners having full powers from the Emperor were declared to be on their road in order to treat for peace. The assault on Nanking, which was designed for the 13th, was therefore postponed. On the 15th the High Imperial Commissioners arrived. They were three, viz.:— _ _ _ _ 1. Kee-Ying, a member of the Imperial Family, and Com mander-in-Chief of the Tartar troops in Konang-Sung. _ consequence of Tze-Kiang, but degraded last year in 2. Elipo, Li eu tenant• General of Tcbapoo, a former Go vernorof his having liberated the prisoners. an 3 d . • K G e n a o u , g_ G si e . neral-in-Chief of the provinces Keang-Sou They speedily commun i ca t e d t o th e British Plenipoten tiary their powers, which were found to be in due order. Visits of ceremony then took place, and, after various con ferences, the Conditions of a treaty of peace were signed, in the presence of the Admiral and General and many other British officers. Copies of those conditions were immediately transmitted to Pekin. When the treaty was signed, a royal salute was fired, and all restrictions removed on the inter course between the expedition and the natives. Annexed is the circular published by the British Plenipo tentiary announcing the treaty of p eace. "TO HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S SUBJECTS IN Majesty's Pl en i potentiary, &c., in China, atification in announcing to Her Majesty's a, that he has this day concluded and signed, qigh Commissioners, deputed to negotiate `sillowing are the most im- " Her Britanni has eat with the Chinese with him, a treaty, of which the f portant provisions : " 1. Lasting peace and friendship between the two em- 2. China to pay 21,000,000 dollars in the course of the present and three succeeding years. "3. The ports of Canton, Amoy, Foo-chow-foo, Ningpoo, and Slingbai, to bethrown open to British merchants; con sular officers to be appointed to reside at them ; and regular land just Emilie of import and eipott duties to be established and published . . inland Led in perpetuity to " The island of Hong-Kong to be Her Britannic Majesty, her heirs and snccessu.. "5. All subjects of her Britannic Majesty (whet.._ tees of Europe or India) who may be confined in any pal of the Chinese empire to be unconditionally released. " 6. An act of Ml and entire amnesty to be published by the Emperor, under His Imperial Sign Manual and Seal to all Chinese subjects, on account of their 1 or intercourse with, or resided under, the Br ment or its officers -.; held se►vice Govern- " 7. Correspondence to be conducted on terms of perfect equality amongst the officers of both Governments. "8. On the Emperor's assent being received to this treaty, and the payment of the first instalment, 6,000,000 Her Britannic Majesty's Forces to retie from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and the military posts at Chainhai to be also withdrawn, but the islands of Chusan and Knlangsoo are to be held until the money payments and the arrange ments for opening the ports be completed. "In promulgating this highly satisfactory intelligence, Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, &c., purposely refrains from any detailed expression of his own sentiments as to the sur passing skill, energy, devotion, and valour which have distin guished the various grades, from the highest to the lowest, of all arms of her Majesty's combined forces, during the con test that has led to tbese momentous results. The claims which have been thus established will be doubtless acknow ledged by the highest authorities. In the mean time her Majesty's Plenipotentiary congratulates her Majesty's sub jects in China on the occasion of a peace, which he trusts and believes will, in due time, be equally beneficial to the subjects and interests of both England and China. " GOD SAVE THE QUEEN. " Dated on board the steam-frigate Queen, in the Yang tze-kiang river, off Nanking, this 26th day of August, 1842, " HEN Y POTTINGER; " Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary " G. A. Malcolm, Secretary of Legation." This treaty of peace has given great satisfaction to the British in China and India. It was said that the Emperor had at first some doubts as to the propriety of opening a foreign trade at Foo-tchoo-foo, which is the capital of Fokien, and the nearest port to the country where the Bohea tea grows, but that he afterwards yielded , that point The commissioners are described as - niious to get rid of of the British from the Yang-tze-Kiang and the eaabolicht the Great Canal: they offered to pay down four millions instantly, but the British Plenipotentiary insisted on the full instalment being paid, and the ratification of the treaty, before he would withdraw. An apprehension appears to have been entertained lest the British Plenipotentiary should allow himself to be outwitted by the Chinese in the arrangement of the commercial parts of the treaty, but it is nevertheless to be hoped that the bad faith and chicanery and extortion practised at Canton will not be sagitioned in any manner. The payment of the opium claims will, it is stated, be adjusted according to the amount fixed some months ago by the British government. It was said that the Imperial Corn• rs had pressed the consideration of the opium trade he declined to discuss it, fulfilled tior Yang-tzt and sail() The Chinese Sikhs in tl pear willing to couci vernment. Captain Cunningham remains still in Upper Kenawur, near Shealkur, where he is employed in observing the acts of both parties, and in sending reports to the supreme Government. CAPTURE OF GHUZNEE AND CABUL The proceedings of General Nott, of which we had but a meagre account by the mail of the lst of October, appear to have been highly successful. Shumsooden, the Affghan Governor of Ghuznee, having attempted to annoy the British force on its march, was repulsed on the 23d of August, and totally routed on the 30th. The loss of the British amounted to 36 killed and 68 wounded. Among the former was Cap tains Bury and Reeves, of the 3d Bombay Cavalry. On the sth of September Ghuznee was invested, and preparations were made to attack it on the following day, but during the he enemy evacuated it. General Nott immediately entered it, and having planted the British flag in the fortress, his arrangements, and within four or five days the ations were destroyed, both of the city and of the A number of the 27th Bengal Native Infantry, who had been prisoners since March last were released. General Pollock, who had on the 3d of September reached Gundamuck, 26 miles to the westward of Jellalabad, left that place on the 7th, and reached Soorkab, a distance of nearly 10 miles. On the 13th, on approaching the Tazeen Pass, about 16,000 Affgbans attempted to oppose the British from a position of great strength. That position was soon turned, and they xere forced to retire. Again they sought to make resistance from another height, but they were equally unsuc cessful. Their loss was considerable : twelve Ghilzie Chiefs are said to have fallen, two guns, three standards, and a large quantity of ammunition and stores were taken by the British. The loss of the latter was 32 killed and 130 wounded. Among the former was Hyder Allee, the Commander of the Jezailchees, and among the latter, Captains Lushington and Geils, and Lieutenants Norton and Montgomery. On the 14th General Pollock advanced to Boodkhah ; on the 15th he encamped on the race-ground of Cabul, and on the 16th the British colours were planted in the Balla Hissar. The Delhi Gazette of Oct. 3 states that Mrs. Trevor with eight children, Captain and Mrs. Anderson with three chil dren, and Captain Troass and Dr. Campbell, had come into the British camp; that Cabul was quiet, and supplies plenti ful; that General Pollock had expectations to recover the re mainder of the prisoners within eight or ten days, with the esl3ption of Captain Bygrave. who was carried off by Ak hbar Khan, and that Sir Richmond Shakespeare, with 700 Kuz zilbashes, had proceeded to Bameean in search of the other prisoners. citadel The Governor-General issued the subjoined general order on the receipt of the intelligence of the capture of Cabul:— " SECRET DEPARTMENT " BOMBAY CASTLE, OCT. 12. "The Hon. the Governor in Council has' unbounded gratification in re-publishing for general information the following general orders, dated Simla, the 30th of September, published by the Right Hon. the Governor-General of India, announcing the occupation of Ghuznee, by the Candahar division of the army under the command of Major-General Nott, on the 6th of Septen - ilier, and its entire destruction, and likewise the defeat of lb ehomed Akhbar Khan, at the head of 16,000 men at Tezeen, on the 30th of September, by the forces under the command of Major-General Pollock, and the occupation of Cabul on the 12th of the same mouth. " The Hon. the Governor in Council is pleased to direct that these brilliant successes, by which British supremacy has been completely re-established throughout Affghanistan, be fully explained to all the troops at all the, stations and garrisons of this Presidency, and that a salute of 21 guns be fired for the capture of Ghuznee, and a similar salute for the capture of Cabul, at each station. " By order of 'the Hon. the Governor in Council, "J. P. WILLOUGHBY, " Secretary to Government." " GENERAL ORDERS " SIMLA, SEPT. 30, 1842. " The Governor-General announces to the army and to the people of India the occupation of Ghuznee by Major- General Nott on the 6th of September, and its entire de struction by the Candahar division of the army. " Major-General Nott bad the satisfaction of releasing, in the neighbourhood of Ghuznee, 327 Sepoys of the 27th Ben gal Native Infantry from the slavery to which they had been reduced by the Affghans. "The Governor-General likewise announces the complete defeat of Mahomed Akhbar Khan at the head of 16,000 men, at Tezeen, on the 13th December, by Major-General Pol lock, and the occupatiun of Cabul by the troops under that General on the 16th September. " The British flag waves in triumph from the highest point of the Balla Hissar. "Thus have all past disasters been retrieved and avenged on every scene on which they were sustained ; and repeated victories in the field, and the capture of the cities and citadels of Ghuznee and Cabul, have advanced the glory and esta blished the accustomed superiority of the British arms. " The Governor-General has derived much satisfaction from the report made by Major-General Pollock of the ad mirable conduct of the troops of his Majesty Maharajah Shere Singh, acting in cooperation with the British army. The Governor-General rejoices in this new proof of the cordial good understanding which prevails between the British Government and that of Lahore. " The report of Major-General Pollock leads the Governor- General to expect, that long before this day all the British prisoners taken by the Affghans will have been brought into the General's camp; tho s e who had bee n l e f t near Cabul were already at liberty. "The Governor-General, in the name of the Government' and of all the people of India, 'offers to Major-Geperal Pol lock and Major-General Nott, a n d all the offi cers an d- troops under their respective comm a nds, his grateful an d h eart f e l t acknowledgments for the important services they have per formed. " The Governor-General directs that the recent successes obtained by the armies in Affghanistan be fully made known to all the troops at all those stations of tie army, and that at all those stations a salute of 21 guns be tired for the capture of Ghuznee, and a similar salute for the capture of Cabul. " J. P. WILLOUGHBY, " Secretary to Government." The British troops have evacuated Quetta, and retired be low the Bolan Pass. In the interior of India tranquility and contentment pre vail, all dread of scarcity ha7ing been removed by the abun dant rains of the monsoon. The prospect of an advantageous trade with China had raised the spirits of the merchants and growers of produce. The Doab Canal was.orde.rcd to.be resumed, and two lacs have been given over for the,ptirpose. The Governor-General, ifterhaving so speedily established IR a :e with China, and haying effectually secured the north ‘v,:stern frontier, will have henceforth to dedicate his atten tion to the consolidation of the empire and to its internal improvements. There can henceforth be but little opposition to those improvements even from the Mussulmans, for the decided' defeat of tho Affghans proves that they are not fated again to rule the East. - A merchant ship, the Eleanor, was set on fire near Alep pee. The vessel was consumed, and the Lascars are in prison for trial. _ _ in a postcript dated Sunday, Oct. 16, our correspondent states that the steamer had been delayed in consequence of the non-arrival of the express despatch on the sth by the Governor-General from Simla. We h ave also received copies of the official despatches from Generals Nott and Pol lock. General Nott had also made his appearanc e at Cahill on the 10th of Septe m ber, after having completed the de struction of Ghuznee, and performed his extraordinary march through the enemy's country, and having routed an army, and taken and demolished the renowned capital of Ghilzee. Every hope appears to be entertained of the libe ration of the prisoners. The payment of the money due by the Chinese is, it is stated, to be effected in the following. manner :—lmmediate payment, 6,000,000; in 1843, 6,000,000 ; in 1844, 5,000,000 ; in 1845, 4,000,000. The Auckland steamer, from Nanking, may possibly an. rive at Suez before the Zenobia from Bombay, but it will not bring the news of the final defeat of Akhbar Khan, who is, as it is asserted, to be hanged, on the murder by him of Sir W. 111`Naghten bei.Jg fully proved. The following document is interesting, as showing the mode adopted by Sir H. Pottinger to show the Chinese their erroneous polic " Pottinier, her Britannic Majesty's Plenipotentiary, &c., makes this clear exposition for the information of all the peo pleof the country. . _ " Under the canopy of heaven, and within the circumfe rence of earth, many are the different countries ; of the mul titude of these, not one is there that is not ruled, by the Su preme Heavenly Father, nor are there any that is not bre thren of one family. Being then of one family, very plain is it that they should hold friendly and brotherly intercourse together, and not boast themselves one above another. But England coming from the utmost west, has held intercourse b China in this tifin4st east fte core thlal two centuried ;t; anti during this time the• English have suffered ilia atment from the Chinese officers, who, regari;ing them. The English, unwilling to enter into contest tiith them, had borne inch treatMent for many years, till, in the year 1839, the Emperor of China, having determined to prohibit effectually the importation of opium, sent to a special commissioner,' Tin Tsesen, to conduct the arrange ments for that purpose ; and that officer, finding himself unable to seize the actual offenders of each nation, in place of consulting and concerting measures with the. several na tional officers residing in Chinn (as it was his proper duty to have clone), had the audacity forcibly to contine in Canto the English officer and peopl at the same time threate 3g from them them with death. His object was, by ext _ what opium there that year might be in China, to r , with his Emperor; and the English officer at Canton seeing this position of things, commanded the English merchants, a favour in the name of their Sovereign, that they should deliver up, for the ransom of themselves from this position of extreme danger, whatever opium they night have in the Chinese waters. Here is one great offence committed by the Chinese officers against the English. " The Sovereign of Great Britain, in consequence of this and numerous subsequent acts of injustice, appointed as her envoys, the Admiral Elliot, and Elliot the Superintendent at Canton, to whom jointly full powers were given for the set tlement of affairs with China. And having in consideration the many past acts of injustice of the Chinese officers, Her Majesty directed the admiral to take command of a combined naval and land force, and to quarter it at one of the islands of the Chinese coast; her instructions being, that if the Chinese Government were willing to admit its errors, and afford redress, a peaceful arrangement of affairs should be concluded ; but otherwise, if justice and recompense were refused, that the standard of justice should be raised and its claims enforced by war. The admiral, &c., hereupon pro ceeded to the Pieho, and there presented a letter from the Minister of Great Britain, which the Minister and Governor Keshen transmitted for the consideration of all the Ministers to Pekin ; after this Keshen wrote to the Admiral, stating that affairs which concerned Canton, &r., would proceed to Canton, it would not need long to arrange affairs there. The high English officers, still desiring peace, consented to this, and proceeded to Canton, where they met Keshen, and had frequent communications with him, both written and per sonal. Arrangements were not yet concluded, when the Ministers at Pekin, men without truth or good faith, induced the emperor to recall Keshen, and send instead a General Yihshan, to fight and war with the Eagiish ; so that the English were actually compelled by these proceedings to take the Bocca Tigris and, the line of defences from thence up wards, and to bring Canton itself to submission, and to take from it a ransom tor the punishment of such ill-faith. In this ill-faith of the Chinese Ministers we have a second grand instance ofoffence.against England. " The High Cotn;issioner Yukien, and other High Offi cers, Generals, &c., in the several provinces, in repeated in stances, when they have found our people cast by the wea ther on their coast, or induced by evil men on shore, have, being dead to all good and honest, feeling, dared to put the captives thus brought into their hands to a tyrannical and cruel death, and have deceitfully and falsely reported the cases to the Emperor, or published lying proclamations to the people, wherein they have invented tales of lengthened contest and seizures of vessels in battle with slaughter of many people. Thus falsely did Yukien declare last year the circumstances of the English occupation of Chusan ; thus did the General Yishan pretend that he had destroyed many vessels; the Governor Yen-Patao, that he had, by force of arms, recovered Amoy ; the Taotai on Formosa, when the shipwreck had cast men on that island. he had gained a vic tory over thew in battle; and the General Yihking, in May last, that he had destroyed many vessels and killed a multi tude of men at Chusan, when not one vessel was injured,nor a single man killed. These multiplied false statements, mis leading the Emperor and people and hindering peaceful ar rangements, are a third great cause of offence against the English. "With reference to trade, the English merchants used to carry their goods to many places, and buy from and sell to the people—wholly a benefit, and in no sense hurtful. But the officers at Canton, seeking to confine the profits to them selves, induced the Emperor, by false statements, to restrict trade to Canton alone, and permit 13 Hong merchants' to conduct it, not even allowing intercourse with any but them and the linguists appointed by the Government. Thus did these officers gain the power of meddling in every matter, extorting as they pleased, and disguising every thing under false statements to the Emperor. This is a fourth great cause of offence. " There are besides many minor grievances that excite indignation and wrath, but that here need not be enumerated. " Because of these grievances, the Plenipotentiary, &c., has been sent out by command of his Sovereign to demand redress and satisfaction. When these are obtained, peaceful arrangements may be made, and the former friendliness of intercourse may be renewed. But until then the high officers in command here of the combined naval and land forces will continue, as commanded also by their Sovereign, to maintain the cause of justice, and to contend with all their power for the enforcements of such redress. When the Emperor shall appoint a high officer with full powers to negociate and con clude arrangements on his own responsibility, and not till then, will hostile operations be saved. " Now, three principal things are required for the redress and satisfaction above spoken,—namely, compensation for losses and expenses; a friendly and becoming intercourse on terms of equality between officers of the two countries ; and the cession of insular territory of commerce and for the residence of merchants, and as a security and guarantee against future renewal of offensive acts. " If these three things be acceded to, there will be no dif ficulty in the settlement of any minor points. " That the people may know our objects, and not be misled by the false representetion of their officers to commit acts of hostility that would bring home to their own persons and families the horrors of war, the Plenipotentiary, &c. proclaims for general information this clear exposition. " Dated in Yang-tsze-keang, the sth day of July, in the yeer 1142. " HENRY POTTINGER, " Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary " G. A. MALCOLM, " Secretary of Legation. " (True copy.)" RELEASE OF LADY SALE AND THE REST OF THE PRISONERs AT CABUL We have the greatest satisfaction in laying before our readers the following official intelligence with which we have been favoured. It must be a matter of the highest gratifica tion to the British public that the noble Lady Sale, and her companions in captivity, have been at length restored to their relatives and friends SUPPLEMENT TO THE GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDI NARY OF THE 30TH SEPT., 1842. Head-quarters, Simla, Oct. 5, 1842. Since the public notification of the 30th ultimo, the Gover nor-General has received the gratifying intelligence of the safety of all the European prisoners but one, in the following extract from a communication from Major-General Pollock, C. 13., dated the 21st ultimo. Extract from a letter to the Governor-General from Major- General Pollcck, C. 8., dated Camp Cabul, Sept. 21, 1842 "My Lord,—lt gives me great gratification to be enabled to state, that the whole of the European prisoners are now quite flee from the hands of M. homed Akhbar, except Capt. Bygrave. I will make my official report on the subject whenever they reach my camp, which no doubt will be to morrow. I sent a lightly equipped force under Sir R. Sale to meet them, and the whole of the party is with him, with the following exceptions, who have already reached my camp : " Major Pottinger and Captain Johnson (arrived this morning). " Mrs. Trevor and eight children. " Captain and Mrs. Anderson. " Captain Troup and Dr. Campbell. " One European woman and four privates." By order of the Right Hon. the Governor-General of India. (Signed) T. H. MAnnocx, Secretary to the Government of India, with the Governor-General. EFFECT OF THE PEACE WITH CIIINA ON TRADE (From Wednesday's Times.) The conclusion of a peace with China, from more conside rations than one, must have a beneficial effect upon the trade with this country. In the first place, the ruinous specula tion in the leaf, the great export in the Celestial Empire, the chief consumption of which is in this country, will now cease. This speculation has been entirely sustained by the interrup tion to the trade occasioned by the war, which having ter ' minated, business will return td the state in which it was prior to the commencement of hostilities, unless indeed the favourable terms of the treaty lead to an increase in our sup 'plies hitherto unprecedented. This will be a vast benefit in 'a commercial point of view, for besides the unsettling of the trade in the article, which has ended in the absolute ruin of many speenlators, including several persons of the highest respectability, the disturbed condition of the market caused the consumer to pay a much higher price than was customary. These evils will now be obviated by the satisfactory termina tion of the war, and there will probably be the further ad vantage to the public obtaining tea at a lower price than has hitherto been paid. In the second place, the trade in our domestic manufactures will be greatly extended by the open ing of the new ports in China, and the free intercourse es tablished between two countries, the prejudices of one of which have heretofore prevented commerce from being car ried on with anything like reciprocal advantages. In fact, this treaty is regarded as the precutSor of a field of enterprise opened in Asia, which, up to the present, has not only been untried, but even uncontemplated• It was scarcely hoped, desirable as it might appear, that any concessions of territory would he granted, even in the event of a peace with the Ce lestial Empire, although it was thought that we might obtain compeniatton for the expenses of the war, and the value of the opium, the destruction of which at first occasioned the interruption of tranquility. The Emperor, it appears, was very unwilling to allow the British, to he too nea r the " Bo hea country,' at the port of Foo-tchoo-foo, which is a strong instance of his determination to adhere to the old exclusive Chinese policy, and to prevent the opening of a trade with the interior. Ftorn the open expression of his caution in this respect, the value of a- trade with this spot may be ga thered. Among the capitalists who have long had large amounts of money lying dormant in their coffers, the abundance being too great to allow of profitable employment, the news has been received with the highest interest and gratification. The absence of commercial activity, 'protracted in a great measure by the position of affairs in the East, has caused the plethora in the money market which has been so often a sub ject of complaint, and which the opening of new channels of such high importance will in a measure obviate. The Treasury, having its expenses reimbursed by the successive payments of the 21,000,000 dollars—should no juggle be attempted by the Chinese authorities—will be relieved to a certain extent of the temporary embarassments with which it has had of late to struggle. A " juggle" to evade pay ment of the sum specified in the terms of peace is the only contingency that is dreaded, since no doubt is for a moment entertained of the resources of the Celestial Empire for the payment of a sum so insignificant compared with the sup posed receipts of the Imperial Treasury. The current joke in the city on the subject of this payment is, that it decreases the probability of the income tax lasting beyond the period first assigned for it by the Premier. On the whole, the intelligence viewed by persons of all classes, connected directly or indirectly with mercantile affairs, has created a complete exhilaration in the metropolis. The public, who were prepared for a series of harassing disasters both in Affghanistan and on the Chinese coast, and were therefore apprehensive of a continued stagnation of trade, now sud denly look forward to a new state of things, which they hope will repay the commercial world for the losses sustained during the last few years. No very extensive operations were conducted in the public stocks on Tuesday, the effect of the China and India news having been for the most part anticipated by the publication of the telegraphic despatch on Monday. Consols for money and the account were, up to the close of business, quoted 941 to *—a slight advance upon previous prices. Bank stock left off at 170 to 171, and India Stock at 264 to 265, the confir mation of the capture of Cabul having induced several pur chases. Three per Cents. Reduced closed 94 to *; Three and-a-Half per Cents. Reduced, 1001 to ; Long Annuities, 12 9-16; New Three-and-a-Half per Cents., 1011 to ; and i 4 adia • ;i4a. P'cruittthi gettiethent of the sis %vests' account in Consols takes place next Thursday, and in the in terim the jobbers are preparing their books. It is not ex- :eu zag (From the Times of yesterday.) The public securities maintain their former buoyancy. India Stock has advanced to 264 to 266, and Bank Stock is 170 to 172. Consols for money and the account closed 948 sellers. In the arrangement of the settlement, which to-day occupied principally the attraction of the brokers, every facility was obtained in the abundance anti cheapness of money. The improvement in the value of stock is taken at about 1 per cent. on Consols, and a rather greater rise on the Reduced Securities. during the period the present account has run. Exchequer Bills closed to-day, 565. to 58s. premium ; India Bonds, 525. to 545., premium ; Three per Cent. Reduced, 91; Three-and a-Half per Cent., Reduced, 100; New Th ree and-a-Half per Cents., 1011 ; and Long Annuities, 12 9-16 to 4. It is a fact worth notice, connected with the dealings which have occurred in I n di a St oc k, t h a t so l ate l y as March last its qUotation was but 245 t o 246. In foreign securities transactions were limited. The Penin sular and Mexican markets are much depressed by the adverse state of things which has arisen out of questions now current respecting their stability. Spanish slightly recovered to wards the close of business, but Mexican remained heavy at the full decline of the day, nearly another 1 percent. The latest quotations were, Spanish Actives, 17* to 181. ' ditto, New, 22* to ; Mexican, 311 t o 32 ; ditt o , Deferred, 9to +; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 52* to 38; Dntch Five per Cents., 101 to *; Colombian, 21* to I; Brazilian, 65 to 66; Belgian, 102 to I; Portuguese Five per Cents., 371 to ; and Danish, 83 to 84. IMPORTANT NEWS FROM SPAIN (From the Morning Herald of yesterday.) We have received by extraordinary express from our Paris correspondent the following telegraphic despatch, which ap peared in the llioniteur Parisien of Tuesday night : " PERPIGNAN, Nov. 19. " A courier which left Barcelona the day before yesterday has just arrived. The diligence of Barcelona had not reached The evacuation of Barcelona by the troops is con- Figtte ras firmed " The General Zavala is in the bands of the insurgents. They speak of three officers and five hundred men having been killed. " A popular junta had been installed. It is composed of men but little known. The president is Don Juan Manuel Corsy. It has published a proclamation, which recommends to the workmen union and constancy, and does not say one word f the Queen, Esp ar t ero , D on C ar l os , or o f t h e a i na o f the in!urrection. " Montjuich, occupied by the troops, fires upon the town continually. The citadel is in the power of the rioters. " They write on the 17th, from Valencia, that troops have been sent for the Maestraz. " BARCELONA, Nov. 1%. " The troops were engaged in the streets on the 15th at eight in the morning. After three hour'' fighting, and a loss of 500 men, killed or wounded, the captain-general seeing that the windows and terraces of the houses were occupied in all the city by the armed National Guard, retired into the citadel with his staff and two regiments. The other regi ment and the artillery have gone to Altarozanas. The re mainder of the day was employed in making preparations on one side and the other. " The lfith there was a firing both of musketry and cannon a great part of the day. All the streets were barricaded. The garrison of the citadel was without provisions. The citadel threw shells into the town during the night. This morning, before day, the troops evacuated the citadel, and went out of the town, leaving the place in the possession of the insur gent militia, of which the number was increased by the militia of the neighbouring towns and villages. The fort of Mont juich had likewise thrown shells into the quarters of the municipality. _ _ " A junta has been formed, and it signed a capitulation with the regiment of the Guadalajara, which had remained shut up in the Wilding of the university. The general com manding the military force had asked of the junta what the intentions of the people were. and he proposed to come to an understanding, for the purpose of avoiding greater disasters, and to stop the destruction of the city. The overtures thus made succeeded. They are negociating at present. " No inhabitant had been menaced in person or property. All the French inhabitants had been respected, and the con sul had received assurance that he had nothing to fear. The royal brig Le Meleager had given an asylum to several Spanish refugees. The commander had received on board the family of the captain-general. It is thought that the move ment, the object of which is not yet known, will spread to all Catalonia, at Saragossa and Valencia. The members of the junta say that there is no conspiracy, and that• the people had spontaneously taken up arms to defend their rights, attacked by the imprisonment of the editor of the journal called the Republican, and by the orders given by the Government to submit to the military enlistment. " The provincial deputation had been called by the junta to take measures of order and security from the very com mencement of the revolt. " The seven constitutional alcaldes bad taken refuge on board the Meleager. " The surrender of the Altarozanas has taken place, and a proclamation to the inhabitants of Barcelona was published by the political chief on the 14th, in the evening, on the sub ject of the troubles which commenced the previous evening." The proclamation, which was issued by the political chief Gutierrez on the evening of the 14th November, after allu ding to the disturbances, forbids any assemblage of the armed force or the national guards, unless convoked by the local authorities, and also the assemblage of more than ten persons in the streets. It also contains several other provisions for the maintenance of public tranquillity. AMERICAN MARKETS (From the New York Herald of the Ist.) COTTON TRADE. The state of the markets in all the ports has had a down ward tendency. At New Orleans there has been a good de mand for the English and French markets, but the low state of the exchanges renders it almost impossible to operate. The principal transactions are made in specie, and the holders of that medium make purchases almost on the same terms. This state of the currency at the head of the market for pro duce, operating with the great abundance of the new crop, causes the general decline in prices. The receipts of the new crop, and the exports, are seen in the following table:— RECEIPTS, EXPORTS, AND STOCKS OF COTTON IN THE UNITED STATES 1841. 1842. Decrease. Increase Receipts...... - 55,223 Exports to G. B. 14,772 29,157 --- 14,585 „ France 12,356 8,732 3,624 -- „ other places 6,186 2,864 3,322 - Stock - 13,694 This gives an immense increase in the stocks, and in the exports to Great Britain, notwithstanding the necessity of paying specie for the raw material. The following are the prices, Liverpool classification, of cotton at the leading ports : PRICES COTTON, LIVERPOOL CLASSIFICATION. New Orleans. Mobile. Augusta. Ordinary Middling si ~ 6+ 7 ~ 71 6+ ~ 64 - Middling fair Fair Good fair 8 „ 7 ~ 71 Good and fine — The transactions at the several ports for the week previous to date, have been as follows: Stocks. Sales. Prices. Remarks. New York, Oct. 30 10,000 3,710 61a91 falling. New Orleans „20 60,311 13,300 4/a94 : decline 1c Mobile „21 101114 1,200 64a8i decline /c Augusta ~ 22 7,045 300 4a7+ declining Savannah „22 ]3,731 2,612 NaB decline is Charleston „22 16,591 8,567 541t8t firm ritish Plenipoteuti stating, if the Chine overnment was desirous of producing t ought to be effected by their own ons, and by imposing restrictions on their internal own subjec The steamers were the objects of fs Chinese, who called those vessels the " devil's ships Auckland steamer was under orders to start from g direct for Suez as soon as the Imperial ratifica tion should be given to the treaty, and the various condi- The rewoval of the expedition from the ppeare to he much desired, as the troops at curiosity to the The Nankin were beginning to suffer from sickness, on a warni contest with the neighbourhood of Ladakh. Both parties ap the good will of the British Go- CORN TRADE There has only been a fair demand for broadstuffs since our last report. We notice no material alteration in prices in this market. Following are the present quotations : Per bbl. Per bbl. Genesee flour, dols 4,25 a 4,31 Georgetown 4,25 a Troy, 4,25 a Bushel. Ohio, 4,18 a 4,25 Genessee wheat, 87 a Michigan, 4,18 a 4,25 Illinois wheat, 85 a 873 Rye flour, 3,18 a 3,37 Northern rye, 61 a 221 Buck wheat, 2,62 a 3,70 Corn, 50 a 54 Cora meal, 2,75 a 2,87 Barley, 47 a4B New Orleans flour, 4,12 a 4,19 Canal oats 27 a2B Supplies are now to a fair extent, having reached to up. wards of 650,000 barrels for the season. This only includes that received down the North River. We have had an aggre gate supply this year of one million barrels. -••- _ Extensive sales of wheat were making in Buffalo on the 26th, at 63 cents. Best brands of flour 3,50 dollars, al though inferior miscellaneous samples have been sold as low as 3,30 dollars. Corn is out of request at 34 cents. Oats 15 cents on the 28th. A cargo of 5,000 bushes wheat from Monroe was afloat, which was contracted for to arrive, but the purchaser failed to meet his engagement. It will proba bly bring 67 cents. An advance of freights on the canal has thrown corn out of the market. There was one cargo afloat but no offers to purchase. The best samples of wheat were offered freely in Cleveland, on the 26th, at 60 cents, at which some sales were made. There was no particular price for flour, holders beir ' r un willing to accede to rates cor responding with the New York market-3k would be given. The potato trade in Wiscasset, Me., appears pretty well under way. They were selling quick at is. per bushel, cash, and 20 cents in exchange for goods. The crop in that sec tion was heavy. The farmers in Canada will probably not have to complain again this year of the want of rain to facilitate their fall ploughing. It has rained considerably there lately ; and on the 19th there was a sprinkling of snow for the first time this season on the distant highlands. There has as yet been very little frost, and the crops have been gathered in without ma terial injury from the weather. The wheat crops in those parts of the country where this grain is still sown suffered by rust. The injury by the fly has been less general than for many years past. It is to be seen by these facts that flour cannot rise, but continue to decline for at least two weeks or a month longer. Even now prices are as low as they have been known for the last half century,--as low as they were in 1808. We do not believe that the average price all over the country will reach four dollars a barrel: we believe that it is certainly ls. under that point. The Courrier Francais contradicts the report which ap peared in a morning contemporary, that Louis Phillipe was about to abdicate in favour of the Duke of Nemours. Among the miscellaneous news from Egypt as collected from private letters, it is stated that the mortality among the cattle continued, and was supposed to have destroyed 150,000, from which cause and the slow rate at which the Nile was subsiding, the labours of agriculture were almost suspended. The importation of mares is being carried on with great ac tivity, to augment the breed of horses for the purposes of agriculture. Four Egyptian frigates have been devoted to this service, two of which have lately returned from Silesia with a cargo of 370. The mystery which prevailed yesterday concerning Mexi can stock is not yet cleared up to the satisfaction of the parties concerned. The agents had, it appears, from time to time been asked so many questions as to the amount of stock, that they declined answering any more; and the last in quirer having failed in obtaining the answer he desired, he made the question an affair of the Stock Exchange Commit tee, who wrote to Messrs. Lizardi, requesting to know the amount of Mexican stock which they had issued. The re ply of the agents was sent to-clay, and was to the effect, that they knew of no precedent for an agent of a foreign govern ment answering such inquiries without the authority of the government which he represented. They added, moreover, that the conversion being yet incomplete, an answer could not as yet be given as to the amount of stock issued, but that when it was finished they bad no doubt the Mexican go vernment would authorise its publication. The committee of the Stock Exchange, under these circumstances, intend to push their inquiries further.—Times. , . The opening of Queen's College, Glaggo w , f or th e educa tion of ladies, took place on Friday last in that city, before the Lord Provost and a number of clergy and gentry. INTERESTING LETTER FROM CIIiNA 'We have been favoured with the following communication, which was received yesterd lay by a highly-respectable hou. in this town, from the chaplain of her Majesty's ship ,Belleisle, off Nankin. The letter contains some interesting particulars connected with localities which have been lately brouOit much before the public, and several minutiee relating to the individuals whose names have been frequently men- to co RilEsl,ol4,ibigNi's. The lines entitled " The Lament " are paltry in the extreme• Surely our correspondent did not expect we should oblige him so far as to give them insertion in our columns. • _ We cannot comprehend the hieroglyphics in the last verse of " The Deathbed," and, even were it otherwise, the lines have not sufficient merit for publication. The communication of " G. L." is under consideration. ebr Etherpool tanbarl3. tioned as taking part in the occurrences in question few . remarks r ,ecting the winter dress of the people are important, and we are sorry the intelligent writer had no the means of furnishing more information on the subject "H.itl.S. Belleisle, off Nankin, 19t/ Aug., 1842 " GENTLEMEN,—You will probably remember hearing my natne mentioned be Mr. Dickinson, to whose kindness and friendly attention I am indebted for much comfort and during the time my ship was stationed at ItiO. bappin( A steamer leaves this to. morrow with despatches for the Governor-General of India, which will probably anticipate the mail by which the public despatches to England will be forwarded about a fortnight hence. I trust a sufficient apo logy for the liberty I take in addressing you will be found in the feeling that every one connected with our commercial interests must be deeply interested in the issue of our war with China. I cannot, however, tell you any thing on au thority, but I trust you wiii find the reports prevalent hi the squadron not without foundation or interest. "This ship joined the squadron off Woosung on the 21st We brought out the 98ils Regiment. Woosung is an insignificant place in itself, but it had a battery, I believe, of upwards of two hundred guns, partly facing the Yang-tze- Kiang and partly the canal leading to Shanghai, a place of great commerce. It had fallen a day or two before we joined. We left the North Star to blockade the canal, and as soon as our surveying ships returned from exploring the river, we started for Tchaing-Kiang, at the entrance of the Grand Canal. (I cannot answer for the correct spelling of the names of places, as authors differ, and they are enough to puzzle any one.) It was a strong walled town, and a large force of Tartar troops were assembled outside. We took it on the 21st July. The casualties, I think, on our side were about 150, but a very great part fell from the effects of the heat. The navy had little to do with if., why, we cannot tell, as we could have shelled the place without losing a man, as they had scarcely any guns. One steamer only threw a few shells. We left some of our troops occupying it, and vessels blocka ding the Canal, as well here as at the entrance of it intothe .Yang-tze-Kiang from Pekin. We then moved on to this place. From the anchorage we see nothing-but hills, along the base of which runs the city wall. The artillery and the greater part of the troops have been landed, and are in a po sition to shell the city, mine the wall, arid take it, while the ships and steamers are in a position to throw shot and shell at the Water Gate, (as the entrance from a canal is called,) on the other side. We were - all, however, very much grati fied yesterday by a notification from the Plenipotentiary, to the Admiral and General, that the High Officers of the Em peror had acceded so far to the terms proposed as to justify him in directing them to consider hostilities suspended. The reported terms are the cession of the island Hong-Kong to us as a salve for the insult offered to her Majesty's Repre sentative. An indemnification of 21,000,000 dollars, to be paid by instalments, we holding certain places that have fallen into our hands, and relinquishing them when all the instalments are paid—trade allowed—the abolition of the Hong monopoly—and a Resident Ambassador at Pekin. It is said that the following persons are to repair on board the flag-ship to-morrow to sign the terms (at least the names are as near as I can get them) :—Gnu, Governor of Kien-Tu and Kien-Le Key-Ying, uncle of the Emperor, General of Canton Forces and Chief High Commissioner; Eiipo, Lieut-General of Chapoo, and High Commissioner, and•Gik Tartar General, commanding at Nankin; and the places at which we are to trade are Canton, Amoy, Ningpo, Fou.choo-foo, and Shang hai. The treaty will then be sent for the ratification of the Emperor, and we hope to get it in a fortnight. We trust, however, more to his fears than any thing else. If he refuses to sign it Nankin will be a heap of ruins in three hours ; and it is generally reported that the Chinese are so exasperated at the war having been protracted so long that in a very short time there would be a general revolt against the Tartar dy nasty. We all anxiously hope the war will end, as every one is tired of it, besides which, the squadron is very sickly. We cannot but expect sickness in a river whose banks are all marshy, paddy, fields; and in the autumn too, when there is so great a decay of vegetable matter—of our own crew about 250 we have nearly seventy on the sick list. The flag-ship has considerably more than 100 out of, I think, about 700. We have had several cases of cholera in the squadron, hut the prevalent diseases are low fevers, and ague, and dysen tery. I saw the commissioners on board the Flag-ship; they certainly presented a very poor appearance, and were very dirty. The officers in attendance did remarkably well with out chop-sticks. I never saw men use a fork and spoon more energetically ; and there were one or two who took care to leave nothing but the smell in any bottle they got hold of. "22nd.—The visit of the commissioners to the Flag-ship turns out to be only one of ceremony, which was to have been returned to-day, but the weather has prevented it; I suppose it will be to-morrow, and then the business meeting. I shall give this to Commander Richards, of the Flag-ship, who takes home the Admiralty despatches, and he will put it in the mail-bag, so that when you get this you may be assured that the treaty is signed by the Commissioners. " August 30th.—The signing of the treaty did not take place till yesterday. The reasoa assigned is, that although no doubt existed in the mind of Sir Henry Pottinger that the Commissioners were duly authorised to treat, yet he insisted on their commission being signed by the Emperor himself, showing them that his had the signature of his Sovereign on it; that in consequence a messenger was sent Off to Pekin forthwith to get a new commission, and taking a rough draft of the proposed terms. I believe that lam quite secure in saying that the Emperor expressed his agreement to very nearly every thing, and seemed highly gratified at our show ing him that we had more confidence in him than any one else by requiring his signature. Poor old Hipo was obliged to be carried along the deck of the Cornwallis: he was ex ceedingly ill. A Captain of a French man-of-war arrived up just in time to see the treaty signed. The impression on the minds of every one seems to be that this treaty is really made in good faith—not that I think the Chinese understand what it means as we do. I believe we shall remain here till the ratification of the Emperor comes down. The squadron is still very sickly. "This is certainly a wonderful river. The distance of Nankin from the mouth is not exactly ascertained, but cer tainly notless than 200 miles ; we had 10 fathom and no bottom a long way in our passage up to this place; and from all the information we can collect, there is no reason for supposing that vessels may not go up as far as Poyang Lake, certainly more than 200 miles further. If the treaty is not ratified, and we advance so far, we shall have cut off the trade of the tea districts. If the treaty be ratified, and fairly carried out, it will open a most extensive market for our manufactures. The winters are said to be very severe, and the dress of the people furs, which I hope very soon to hear are superseded by our woollens; but my means of gettingany sure informa tion on topics connected with commerce are not nearly so ample as I could wish. ` i I must now conclude this, as the sentry warns me that the time for putting all lights out has arrived, but if any thing more transpires before the mail-bag closes, I will add a postscript. "Believe me to remain, Gentlemen, " Your's very truly, " E. S. PHELPS, Chaplain H.M.S. Belleisle." THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO WALMER CASTLE Monday being the birth-day of the Princess Royal, by day-break the Thunderer and another of her Majesty's ships ( which had come into the Downs) put on their gayest colours and fired a royal salute. Three gun-boats from the Thunderer came in close to the castle and fired similar sa lutes. About ten o'clock, the Deal and Walmer band drew up on the meadow in front of the castle and played " God save the Queen," and other favourite airs, while the entire population, as well as the visitors assembled in the vicinity of the castle, cheered most enthusiastically in honour of the occasion. The day was uncommonly fine, with the wind blowing a brisk gale, and the sun shining most brilliantly. By far the grandest sight of the day was a sailing excursion of the Deal and Walmer boats, which was got up spontaneously by the boatmen in honour of the birth-day of the youthful Princess, and also to gratify the Queen, who is passionately fond of aquatic display. The boats, to the number of about thirty, with every stick of canvass they could carry, run down from Deal in procession (if we may use the term) under the castle walls. Here they braced up and proceeded to sea, standing out to the westward till they had measured some three miles towards the South Sand Light. They then turned in on the other tack till they came close in shore under Walmer Cas tle, where they drew up, and each man standing up in his boat, off hats, and gave three or more hearty British cheers that resounded many miles. At this time, her Majesty, Prince Albert, and suite were on the ramparts witnessing the interesting spectacle, and both the Queen and Prince most graciously condesce n d e d t o acknowledge the devotion of the brave and hardy boatmen of Deal by repeatedly bowing. The band then struck up a national air, and the loyal fleet again stretched out seaward, rounded the Thunderer, and about twelve o'clock returned to Deal in beautiful order, after having traversed some twelve miles in something less than two hours. The wind was not particularly strong, but there was a capital sailing breeze, and the boats did their work in excel lent style, and much to the delight of the Queen and Prince Albert, if we may judge from the expressions of high appro bation they made use of respecting this nautical treat, which, we may say, much exceeded any regatta we ever witnessed. The Queen had intended, we believe, to go to Ramsgate on Monday, but her Majesty's visit to that place has been post poned to a future day. tier Majesty and Prince Albert walked on the beach this morning in front of the castle anti in the adjoining fields for an hour and a half. During the afterndon, the gunboats of the Thunderer got up a sham fight between that vessel and the shore, which ex hibition drew together a large concourse of spectators on the beach. George Luth. Esq., Walmer, fired a royal salute from his house, and entertained the band at his board to dinner. The people of Deal and Walmer are in ecstacy at the pro spect of the Queen remaining some weeks longer at the cas tle ; but no definite term has yet been fixed for her stay here. Walmer, Deal, and Dover, vied With each other in illumi nations in celebration of the birth-day of the Princess Royal. About six o'clock the Thunderer was magnificently illumi nated with blue and other lights, which were hung all over the vessel, from the top-gallant mast-head to the lower deck. Many discharges of cannon and small arms were fired off, while the display of rockets and other fireworks from her sides of oak illuminated the sky for many miles round. The Fearless steamer and two other of her Majesty's ves sels were also illuminated, and let offfireworks. At Deal and Walmer many convivial parties met in the evening in honour of the birth-day of the Princess Royal, while the streets were paraded to a late hour by the loyal inhabitants of these places, hands of music being in attendance We understand that Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert and Court will remain at Walmer Castle until the second week in the ensuing month. It is doubtful whether the court will remove to Windsor before the 14th of next month. We hear that her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent contemplated, before the Queen's departure, passing a few weeks at Walmer ; but, although a gentleman placed his mansion on the beach at her royal highness's disposal, the intended visit was given up on the part of her royal highness. What is the fastest teetotaller in existence ? The steam. engine, which takes nothing but water, and can go sixty miles au hour. THE POPE AND THE PASHA.—Seven Egyptian workers in mosaic (who are about to repair Rome at the expense of their government, to perfect themselves in the art) are to be the bearers of a new gift to the Sovereign Pontiff from Me hemet Ali,—viz., four large granite columns, recently found in the neighboushood of Thebes, and covered with hierogly phics. REMARKABLE TENACITY OF LIFE.-011 Tuesday morn ing as the workmen Were digging up the rubbish caused by the late fire on the premises occupied by Messrs. W. S. Ramsay and Co., 154, Upper Thames-street, they heard the mewing of a cat underneath some portions of a cask, which had fallen across her body, and rested against the wall. On removing these poor Grimalkin issued from her hiding place, having been incarcerated for 19 days, during which period she could not by any possibility have tasted food. She was immediately supplied with milk, and, though thin, appears likely to recover. FRIDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 25, 1542 The intelligence communicated by the last mail from India and China has been received by the com munity, in which we dwell, with almost unbounded satisfaction. We were about to say, with pride; but we cannot conscientiously say that such has been the unalloyed feeling of any Englishman. Pride we do feel in the unconquerable valour of British troops, as evinced in the triumphant conclusion of the wars in China and Affghanistan. But that the moral character of our country has sustained any increase of which Engtishmen can be proud—that one moral wreath has been added to the hitherto stainless laurels of Great Britain—we do not believe, and we therefore utterly deny. We rejoice, then, in the conclusion of these struggles ; we value to their fullest extent the ad vantages which, as a nation, we derive from the con clusion of one of them ; but we value victory in the other only so far as it goes to maintain the prestige of the. British name in India, and as it has secured to us the lives and liberty of our fellow -countrymen a nd countrywomen, held in captivity by the ruthless chiefs of Affghanistan. We 'congratulat e our f e ll ow - countrymen upon the termination of these UNJUST w.k.us. We hesitate no more to call them such, in the hour of victory, than we did in the hour of defeat. By the terms upon which British valour has been able to insist in China-- we have as yet only the approach to such terms in .frghanistan—a vast market is opened to our com- Just or unjust as may have been that war, the opening of four new ports to our commerce—four kingdoms we may call them, if we bear in mind the extent of territory and population commanded by the concession to us of the right to trade to those inlets to the Chinese Empire —cannot be viewed as an unim portant concession, or as worth less than all which th e late war has cost us in blood and treasure. But whilst rejoicing in these victories and their fruits, we cannot lose sight of the means by which they have been attained; and whilst, therefore, we congratulate our country, we have no thanks to bestow upon the faction by whose aggression British valour has been driven to wring them by violence from an unoffending people. We are released, however—the commerce of the empire is released—from the distractions which, for the last two years, have impeded its energies in o ur Eastern dominions. An impetus will thus, we trust, be given to our domestic industry, and to our foreign trade with those possessions. Already it has been felt in our own community. It has unlocked the fetters which have during those years been imposed upon us, and given revived hope to the enterprise of our merchants. It has done this, however, not solely because of the success of our arms in India and China; but, more than all, because our fellow -townsmen trust that, by the present Conservative Governor-General of India, success will not he pressed into aggression upon the rights and liberties of the conquered. It has done this because of the confidence of our fellow-townsmen, that the power of Great Britain will, from henceforth, be directed, in the East, to that peaceful extension of the capabilities of our mighty empire in that quarter of the globe, and to the cultivation of that peaceful inter course with the Chinese Nation, which are alone calculated to advance the interests of British com merce, and to add honour and permanence to British influence in those countries. merce That a mighty change has, for the past twenty years, been working in the minds of the British people, no observant man can have failed to notice. Twenty years ago, the noxious weeds of dissent threatened to sap the foundations of our Established Church, and to !:cr pure doctrines and observances. The con venticle reared its unsightly form by the side of the ve nerated fabric of our ancestors. The ravings of the lay preacher overpowered the voice of the educated minis ter of our holy apostolical religion. Rampant schism, full of the bad passions which it engenders in the heart of man, lorded it in vestries and at parish meetings; and the conviction was abroad, and openly boasted of, that the reign of mingled fanaticism and "liberalism" was about to be established in this land. But how altered is the present aspect of things How changed the state of national feeling in which we live ! Dissent, allied, as it has become, with the move ment party in politics, has lost its hold upon the respect of the right-minded body of the people; whilst a sound and reverent feeling of Church of England ism has spread and is spreading amongst us, deepening its roots in, and overshadowing with its beneficent in fluence, the heart of the nation. Not the educated por tion only of society, —not the wealthy or the frivolous only,—but the poor as well, have turned with loath ing from the hollowness, the insincerity, the frantic passion, and the unchristian factiousness, which make up the very being of dissent. Men are no longer sneered aside from their allegiance to that church, beneath whose roof their fathers worshipped, and beneath whose green graves they found rest. They fly no longer from the devout observances of that church, to find license of thought and action in the rant ing worship of the conventicle. They shun no longer the pure doctrines and faith of that church for the more highly-spiced meats administered in the " whited sepulchre" of dissent; but rather cling to them, after their wanderings, with the renewed affection of the returned prodigal. We have our own deep convictions of the inducing ' causes which have produced this gratifying state of the national mind ; but we forbear, at present, entering upon their consideration. Our object now is to notice its bearing upon the important question of NATIONAL. EDUCATION. For years past, it has been the darling object of dissent to get possession of the young intellect of the etnpire,—to control and pervert to its own aggrandizement the education of the rising generation. In our own community we have witnessed the tem porary success of its efforts, as well as the revulsion of public feeling which has since driven it with indig nation from its usurped position. Nor is this feeling confined, at all, to this or any particular locality. The conviction has circulated throughout the empire, that such education as dissent would give —that mere utili tarian and secular knowledge—is absolutely worthless; and reflection has brought about, in the minds of the great mass of the people, the well-grounded belief that, under the supervision of the Clergy of the Established Church of England, and in the principles of that church, the education of the youth of the empire may with the greatest safety and advantage be conducted. `We have been led to remark upon this cheering revolution of public opinion, by a pamphlet before us, which affords us the additional gratification of ob serving that, if the nation be sound upon a question so vitally important to its best interests and the interests of the whole human race, the means will not be found wanting to carry out into efficient practice its deliberate convictions. Our readers are perhaps aware that, somewhat more than a year ago, an extensive establish ment was founded by the National Society, at Stanley Grove, near Chelsea, as a " Training College for Schoolmasters," under the superintendence, as its " principal," of the Rev. Derwent Coleridge, M.A. A very able letter has just been addressed, by that gentleman, to the secretary of the society, explanatory of the progress of the institution and the nature of the training pursued, from which we purpose offering to our readers a few extracts. The following will serve as an explanation of the society's views ; and, whilst quoting it, we cannot but accord to them our sincere approval : " The object being to produce schoolmasters for the poor, theapendeavour must be, on the one hand, to raise the stu dents morally and intellectually to a certain standard, — while, on the other hand, we train them in lowly service, not merely to teach them hardihood and inure them to the duties of a humble and laborious office, but to make them practically acquainted with the condition of that class of the community among whom they will have to labour. I say, on the one band,' and on the other,' not that there is any real contrast either in the means taken or the ends proposed. The labours of the house, the field, and the garden, are in tended to elevate, not depress : the studies of the school room, not to exalt, but to humble. Both alike may be made: tri d'etek f 1 know true which bq ‘l' n Will b e al our first i hoped :;e' vbat m i g /night ten duty lie a lowered: " This a dapted 1 3tatiCeS, 1 society. higher ex toodate tl still less t In the lo never ta Prepared childhood after occu o ffice-clet ta be prel d omestic feeling of Cr such a indigence Lance of c fathe r or hir in-t4h sPect of a livelihood an up wan B °rY idler of d epenc oord the 1 and I wo a nZious ti the same 8 " 1 whic a YOUth c Will be fai (erred upc ner a l obje ... a nY way -I Perhaps, 1 ;the f a "jew system refer our a 8 contai bafid, bi question " The balancing labour, is t)nly Way except at siderati on not oceu Passed by W hom ha, that whic Tlirernen N ot mere Without with the 4 _..- . tll " proc he comes b ut as the " In s sufficient di fficulty d Ustrial , that can i be the ca: e °Enplete( " Hith v ° l l of t enCroachi to be a;o1 'rile met] whethe r c to differei which are e a ch of t aken s; 1 a nd stead ➢OUn ger eldest of d uty to a tqldence Working_ Co rnPlainl have arie maintain t° Speak 1 Possible, e ach °the th e mast e sorted 1 adrnor Poblie, advisable t hose for d tlot is a l effect ; a prospect; u pon his i Riven to 1 duct can duty, or matter o 1 !°Qraged . motive 11 f O. Mere qtlestion I :, i thouti ": i 7 irte t „ '!gree 0 borne ou tQI obedi are to bi eially in the limit are eUgg t° °d-fee' establish 1111 ° 1 e re 114 d exp i ear 'e bei a •4ti CiPat w e s or won, need, mod ev en - _ . we °f the t. - 0 11101 o last, _ ar it ! no th at un t heir the phi b efor _, e 1 ei °very ; et out .441 , ii hands c tc ltinn, tw enty of th e f l 'ert i t ; there a e enl 9en t i eni - It/i XOti th 'l e tt. ROI e tra e ildea __ v di aaste: Col otlie t; iSt il ' e at lel r h WO the sta 4% the am ~~ioi 0 ,, 1 v4 l' he th fc e en) :s f, i tett e , 'ththie la ve `qe vei t th uds ' e the eaeain er C ol oriit 41)%r ti oti Thu s, Itiotist