The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-01-24 00:00:00

AN ANGEL IN THE WAY. FA I R. the downward path is spread, Love and Light thy coining greet; Fruit is blushing o'er thy bead, Flowers are springing 'neath thy feet. Mirth and Sin, with tossing bands, Wave thee on, a willing prey; Yet an Instant pause—there stands An angel in the way. need the heavenly warning, know Fairest flowers the feet may trip; Fruits, that like the sunset glow, Turn to ashes on the lip. Though the joys be wild and free, Though the paths be pleasant, stay! Even mortal eye can see An angel in the way. Wilt thou drown in worldly pleasure ? Wilt thou have, like him of old, Length of days and store of treasure, Wisdom, glory, power, and gold? Life and limb shall sickness waste, Want shall grind thee day by day, Still to win thee, God hath placed An angel in the way. Trusting all on things that perish, Shall a hopeless faith be thine' Earthly idol wilt thou cherish 7 Bow before an earthly shrine' Meet rebuke to mortal love Yearning for a child of clay, Death shall cross thy path, and prove An angel in the way. When the prophet thought to sin, Tempted by his heathen guide; When a prince's grace to win, Prophet-lips would fain have lied. Even the brute the sage controlled ; Found a human voice, to say " Master, smite me not—Behold An angel in the way !" So, when Vice, to lure her slave, Woos him down the shining track, Spirit-hands are stretched to save, Spirit-voices warn him back. Heart of man ! to evil prone, Chafe not at thy sin's delay, Bow thee humbly down, and own An angel in the way. —Frasar's Magazine. REVIEWS OF BOOKS. Justin, Cornelius Nepos and Eutropius, trans lated by the Rev. John- S. Watson, M.A. London : Henry G. Bohn. The histories familiar to our boyhood are in variably associated with reminiscences " of youth and hope, and that sweet time" when the mind eagerly grasps at information, and which of all the historical and biographical epitomes, in which the Latin tongue abounds, are at once so familiar, and so endeared by that familiarity, as Cornelius Nepos and Eutropius ? The succinctly told, and masterly biographic sketches of the former live and flourish in unfading freshness, and the heroic great ness of Miltiades, the military grandeur of Hannibal, andthe personal refinement ofAlcibiades, continually present themselves to the mind's eye, as models of their respective classes. By this translation, which is a very good one, opportunity is afforded for studying the condensed wisdom of their classic authors, to individuals whose education has not enabled them to peruse the originals. The volume is at once cheap and elegant, useful and instructive. The London Quarterly Review. No. 11. Lon don : Partridge, Oakey, and Co. In noticing briefly the first number of this work, we stated our conviction that it was possessed of many claims on popular sympathy, and stated that, although not disposed to endorse all its opinions, • theological, political, or even literary, we were yet enabled to express a general concurrence in several of the views laid down in it. A careful perusal of the second number has widened the scope of our general acquiescence in its literary canons, and has materially augmented the pleasure with which we have become familiar with its contents. Political bias appears to be carefully avoided in treating of literary matters ; its polemical tendency is not obtrusively insisted on, and although the amount of learning it brings to bear on theological sub jects may not be very great, nor its illumination kf the first brilliancy, it is still of so creditable, and, withal, of so unostentatious a character, as to disarm active hostility. The strong hold by which this periodical seems likely to link itself to public consideration is the generally interesting character of the subjects treated of in its gages. In the number before us this claim is well illustrated. It opens with a comprehensive article on the progress and results of Oriental discovery, in which the im portant labours of Layard, Rawlinson, Hincks, Pergusson, and 'Vans are succinctly, yet interest ingly analyzed, and laid before the general reader in a popular and comprehensible form. To this succeeds an able paper on the " Natural History of Man," founded on the voluminous and able re searches of Drs. Prichard and Latham. The next article is devoted to the proceedings of " The British and Foreign Bible Society." This is fol lowed by articles on " Monkish Literature," on " The Captivity of Napoleon," on " The Dukes and Cardinals of Guise," on "Alford's Greek Testa ment," on the "Auto-Biography of De Quincy," and the list of chief articles is brought to a close by a paper on " Our Australian Possessions." In so varied a chapter of contents, variety of skill and discrepancy of talent must naturally be looked for ; but all of the articles enumerated evince much painstaking, no small amount of information, and a creditable degree of literary acquirement. To two of the articles we would, in an especial degree, direct attention as worthy of general study. These are, the paper on " The Natural History of Man," and that on " Our Australian Possessions," the former as discussing many points of great ethno lotrical importance, the latter as conveying an ad mirable summary of facts, circumstances, and inferential incidents connected with the most ris ing and one of the most important appendages belonging to the British Crown. We had marked several passages for extract in both of these papers, but feel constrained to limit our quota tions to the last-named one. For the length to which these extracts extend we make no apology ; ctheir importance will more effectually justify their amplitude than could be done by deprecatory state ments or explanations. We commence with the OPENING REPLECTIONS ON AUSTRALIAN EXIGRATION. Short as is the time since Thomas Campbell ceased to sing among us, it is not without an effort that we now enter into the feeling under which he made the " Departure of Emigrants of Australia," the subject of a finished poem. To us, that spectacle is ordinary, business-like, and pro mising; to him, the emigrants seemed exiles, with hunger behind them, and hope before, painfully exchanging a country which offered to their desires everything but bread, for one which had nothing but bread to offer ; whose har vests no neighbour's sickle would help to reap, and no forefather's homestead would enclose ; which lay beyond the waves of the Bay of Biscay, and the roaring gales of the Cape, as far from the scene of all the wanderer's loves as it was possible for him to be driven, while still on the bosom of the world that bore him ; which had heretofore been known, not as a real human home, but rather as a spot beyond the world, whereon the most forlorn tribes of barbarism, and the most corrupt offcasts of civilization had met, each appalled at the other's degradation ;—an unac countable and outside country, which the science of Bin menbach had inclined to set down as no proper part of our earthly creation, but as some comet that had strayed and fallen into the South Sea, which even the wisdom of our legislators had selected as an end for the bad, standing in point of terror next door to the gallows. The poet's prompt eye saw broken ties hanging around each emigrant's bosom, like chords round a shattered harp ; his ear heard them, as tossed continually by gusts of feeling, give out mournful notes ; and he sung of — "Shores so far apart From England's home, that e'en the home-sick heart Quails, thinking, ere that gulf can be reeross'il, How large a space of fleeting life is lost." Little did he think that before he had been seven years in his grave, that far country would become the land of pro mise to tens of thousands in England, who had never been pressed by either hardship or suspicion ' • would attract y o uth of all ranks, from o ur f a i rest valleys and our proudest tow ns ; would be talked of, in almost every family in Eng land, as the honourable home of some b rother, cousin , or ki n sman ;—that the Exchange of Liverpool would rin g w ith huzzas, welcoming a mariner who, with ou t h e l p f rom steam, h a d, in less than twelve months, made two voyages thither and back ; and that, with that aid, another ship wou ld g o and come, each time, in four-and-sixty days. A wonderful, indeed an almost incredible, con tradiction of the poet's views, and one which, to the ineffaceable glory of Liverpool, the sagacity and enterprise of her shipowners, and the intrepidity mid matchless skill of her intelligent mariners, have been, under the favour of Divine Providence, vainly instrumental in _bringingabout—itself con stituting an era in successful navigation which even Inmate posterity will look on with exultant wonder, and recount with emulative admiration. Pursuing the train of thoughtfully suggestive hope , glow tngq pictured in the lines of Campbell , the author in the review gives the great bard's encouraging vision of the Austra l i an future ustra.... Untrack'd in deserts the marble mine— Undug the ore that tnidat thy roofs shall shine, Unborn the hands— Fair Australasia 1 thar torn they are to be, sall give to thee Proud temple-domes , j with in galleries winding hi gh— So vast in space, so symmetry dud complimenting the far-seeing* intuition;' which thus enabled the poet to foreshadow scenes and circumstances which the undeviating course of events seems bringing to a rapid maturity, he pro ceeds with his ENCOURAGING REFLECTIONS. It is one of the wonders of history, that from the creation a great continent has existed almost unpeopled, though containing more treasure than all the searches for gold set on foot by the covetousness of man have brought to light in any other part of the globe ; a continent blessed with the variety of temperate and tropical climate, apt to nurse a great population, and lying within reach of the two most populous countries in the world—of China, long overcrowded—of India, whose shores teemed with poor. Just men enough reach it to increase the marvel, by showing that its forests had been found, though its riches were kept under a veil. Had things taken their natural course, China would have overflowed into it, and so would India, and at this day it would have been re plenished with a hundred millions or more of Budhists and Brahmins. By an unnatural law against emigration, China holds in her swarms; by an unnatural prejudice against the sea, India seals up her castes ; and the conse quence is, that through the long lapse of ages that south continent lies awaiting its inhabitants, till, in the fulness of time, a people are brought from the most distant part of the earth's surface, with a light in their hands, which the nearer and more numerous nations of Asia had not received, and with a physical frame nursed under hardy skies, to which the Asiatic continent would be unfriendly, but which flourishes anew in the genial suns of Australia. Time is given for this people to take such a hold of the country that nothing can sweep them off; there is lifted up a veil which had since the creation hidden from man's eyes the rarest treasure they ever gazed on ; and Australia draws towards her torrents of population. More swiftly than ever nation rose before, will this new nation rise— numerous, powerful, and free—offering to the wretched tribes of the isles which throng the southern and eastern seas an example of what, under the elevating influence of a true religion, an island race may become, and extending to the great continent of Asia powerful influences in favour of Christianity. After briefly adverting to the vast accumulation of colonial territory acquired by Great Britain in North America, India, and South Africa, within the last century,—to which he properly adds the whole of Australia,—the review writer proceeds with a consideration of the PROSPECTIVE EFFECTS OF AUSTRALIAN ENTERPRISE ON BRITISH EXERTION. Nor is the reaction of Australia on the history of Europe likely to be without the highest importance. At the time the news of the gold discovery reached us, all the world was basking in the rays of genial amity, under the dome of the Crystal Palace. But as things were then running, only one powerful European nation had great gold re sources,—Russia, which, annually drawing millions from her mines, would'thereby have been gradually fortifying her one weak point, and preparing herself for European ascendency. Australia, however, brings to light a store of gold, compared with which her's is insignificant ; and that is poured into the lap of England, giving new vigour to every branch of her industry, new elasticity to every source of her revenue, and an incomparable stimulus to the energy of her people—a stimulus which carries hope to the bosom of the lowliest, and sets prizes in view which move even the idle to be up, and quit themselves like men. Perhaps this last is the most important contribu tion to our strength of all. The hardy spirit which war has too often been the only instrument for breathing into a population, and which can never be lost without danger to national independence, will be well served by the dis cipline which thousands upon thousands of England's youth will cheerfully take on ship-board, in the bush, and at the mines ; while the letters of these men, and their frequent return, full of colonial energy, will constantly act upon those who stay at home, and call out that strong English ambition which, though well pleased and proud at the spirit of our children, is not content to be out-done by them. Thus, while the old country ministers to the comforts of the new, the new will minister to the vigour of the old—an effect which we have already seen in the case of America, if we specify nothing but the one cardinal article of shipbuilding, for all can see to how great an extent we owe the splendid vessels, such as the Francis Henry, and the Marco Polo, which now astonish us with their swift tidings from distant shores, to the resolution of our craftsmen " not to be beaten by the Yankees." Another item of political strength for England, discernible in the rise of Australia, is this : that should Providence only grant our statesmen wisdom to make the connexion with England, instead of a restraint, an impediment, and a humiliation to the new country, a pride, a facility, and a defence,—as is the connexion of each new American State with the parent union,—then the wealth and power of our countrymen in the far south-east will give an ad ditional consolidation to our Indian and African posses sions ; the Cape, India, Australia, and New Zealand, being each a depot of British power re-acting upon the other, gradually acquiring common interests, and con tributing, in case of need, mutual aid and defence. To many, the anticipations thrown out in the preceding paragraph, will, no doubt, appear as the over-drawn air-pictures of an enthusiastic dreamer ; to others, and we confess ourselves of the number, they will present a picture, too highly coloured, it may be, but still a picture for the realization of which, in a great degree, the course of events give warrant of expectation. The question of who should emigrate is taken up with spirit, and answered with a degree of lively freedom conferring on it all the raciness of friendly and intelligent converse ; such being the case, we repeat the question WHO SHOULD EMIGRAIB ? "To the universal question, ' Who should emigrate P' we are not disposed to give the universal answer, 'No one who can do well at home.' That applies fully to doctors., lawyers, editors, and clerks ; but not to all. On the con trary, a whole class who are sure to do well at home are the very men to do better there,—young men who have learned a useful trade and possess vigour and talent. Our first exception would be against those who can never do well at home : they will never do well there. Our next is against those who cannot live without comfort. Such men are easily known ; hardship is a horror to them ; they would give anything just to be at ease; they would even work a good deal for it, but comfort they must have. Then old England for them. Comfort neither grows on the back of Australian sheep—(except in the raw material> —nor in the bowels of Australian rocks. Diggers cannot find it in the cradle, nor shepherds in the fold; and if you really must have the good, old, indescribable something, which we all know so well, by every means sit still on this snug isle of your own. Again, no one should go who cannot make up his mind to do manual work, or who is conscious that he has not the physical strength, or the perseverance, to go on with it for a while, if needfuL. Persons seldom find things open before them as they had expected. In a week after landing, nine out of ten have their plans all upset, and they either lose heart, or begin to look out for anything that may offer. We knew a gentleman immigrant, who had landed with really modest notions, and began at once to seek a situation ; he could not, however, find one to suit him, and went on seeking with a like result, till he had come to his last shilling. That day he went out determined to find a situation, and so he did, but it was as a sawyer. The heat was terrible ; he was drenched many times a day with perspiration, and almost worn to death; but by frequent charges of linen, and a good heart, on he kept, till from sawing he was able to go to something else, and at last reached a position suitable to his tastes. Another case we knew of a young man who had been so brought up that manual. work would have been a family sharhe ; but finding that he had not the means to follow a gentleman's ways, he, with a gentleman's heart, offered himself as a carpenter, and, being a " green hand," was taken at only forty-eight shillings a week. He walked three miles a day to his work, and the same back, and, uncsed to labour as he was, did so well, that in a few weeks he was earning three pounds weekly. Now, if men'are made of this metal, no matter what their education or tastes, let them go., they are sure to thrive ; but if, rather than thus stoop, they would live upon their family, or beg their friends. to get government situations for them, or, having gone, would write home for money to keep them from starving, the nearer their mothers they stay the better. From these lengthened extracts a fair judgment may be formed of the paper in question, and the practical nature of its character, That article may be taken as no unfair specimen of the review, which is ably conducted, and eminently practical in its aim. - George Cruikskank's Magazine. London: David • Bogue. Among the literary and artistic novelties, whose advent have graced the present year, the first number of a monthly periodical, aided by the deli neative talent of George Cruikshank, must rank high. This magazine, in addition to the exuberant and graphic skill of Cruikshank, has the advantage of being edited by F. E. Smedley, the author of " Frank Fairleigh," and other popular tales. As was to be expected in a publication, in a great degree dependent for its success on the talents of Cruikshank, the etching needle and burin, perform quite as important a part as the " grey goose pen" or the printing press ; and the magazine is ushered into existence at the tail of a remarkably satirical and artistic comet, in which the prolific genius of Cruikshank runs riot. The "whims and oddities" of this singular production are numerous, and con stitute a phantasmagoria in which political and social contretemps, and absurdities at home and abroad, are treated in a style of broad sarcastic humour, mingled with touches of finely humanising moral instinct. The delineation of this extraordi- nary tableau, is hit off with all the ease and grace of truthful d rawing, and skill of composition, which have so long distinguished the illustrations of the artist. The picture is literally crammed with indi vidual pictures, each of which would have exhausted the invention of even a clever artist, yet all is har monized. into a pleasing whole. The editor opens with a promise to love and advocate the things which good men love, and to declaim against the things which good men dislike and despise. Fol lowing this we have a chapter raison& on the " Heads of the Comet's Tail,' from the penof Mr. Smedley. In this he ably seconds the delineative efforts of his great couljntor, running smartly through the political and othe r " humbugs" of the bye-gone year. The following is a fair specimen of the article and may be termed THE SCIENTIFIC 1117111117 G. Those very disagreeable pigmies, the Earthmen,—a sort of human moles who come in for rotten boroughs in Southern Africa ; and fitly associated with than are those dear little humbugs, the Aztec children, who have afforded many of our English Savants—in pure Saxon, "wise-acres" —one of those opportunities of which they so eagerly avail themselves, to direct and inform public opinion, by pro nouncing an ex cathedra decision, which is usually as unanimous as that of a coalition ministry, each man having, and holding pertinaciously, his own pet theory, and attacking, tooth and nail, that of his honourable friend. From the preceding specimen, it will be appa rent that light, smart, telling hits, constitute the staple of this new aspirant to periodical popularity ; and from the talent it displays, it is entitled to the distinction. Our Great Cities. Cholera. Lord Palmerston. By the Rev. Robert Buchanan, D.D. Glasgow and Liverpool : Mackie and Son. The really able pamphlet which appears under the above somewhat quaint title, is the reprint of a lecture delivered in the City Hall, Glasgow, bi the clergyman of the Free Church. It was called forth by the recent more notorious than famous letter of Lord Palmerston, in answer to the memo rial of the Edinburgh Presbytery, in reference to a day of humiliation and prayer, in connexion with the late visitation of cholera. The answer to that memorial was characterised by the noble Home Secretary's usual clearness, and displayed his cus tomary straightforwardness in expressing his opi nion, whatever that may be, on the subject of which he is at the moment treating. As regards the present subject, however, there were not wanting many calm and judicious thinkers, who felt that his Lordship's letter, while conveying a good many trite truths, savoured more of epigramatic terseness than statesman-like consideration —was, in point of fact, more like a sneer thrown into the teeth of a Church, recognised as a part of the state, than as a rebuke administered to the civic authorities, whose ignorance or mismanagement it professed to cen sure. As such it has evidently been felt by the reverend author of the lecture before us, who, although himself unconnected with the Established Church of Scotland, has donned his armour in her defence on this occasion, which he looks on as an attack on the religious faith and observances of the kingdom. The lecture is an able and eloquent refutation of the false position assumed by Lord Palmerston ; a position the declaration of which was received with such a shout of joy, by the infidel press and public, as might well have roused the suspicion and alarm of his Lordship. The excel lence of the lecture has been attested by the large ness of its sale. The Turkish Alphabet. London : David Bogue. A series of satirical remarks on the Russo- Turkish dispute, in which the unpopular side of the Czar's proceedings are ridiculed with a good deal of ability. The Museum. of Science and Art. London : Walton and Maberly. The first part of this repertory of science and art gives indication of a valuable work to come. It is written in an easy, unpretending style, and the instances by which the various subjects are illus trated are happily selected and well wrought out. The Results of the Census. London J,W.Parker. The first information sought as the result of the census of 1851 was the total of the numbers which comprised the population of Great Britain, divided into the several counties, and subdivided into dis tricts and towns. The labours, however, of the Registrar-General have produced a voluminous work, in which various systems of classification have been used ; but, as it is extended to three bulky folios, its value to the general reader is pro portionately diminished. It is possible to over estimate the importance of such a work, because much of the details will be more curious than use ful. Mr. Edward Cheshire has, however, given us the cream of the more bulky work in the con densed form of a pamphlet of 56 paps, comprising much interesting information, and indeed all that is truly useful to the general reader, who cares not to enter too deeply into the records of old and young, married and single, large and small fami lies, &c. He has divided his work into nine sec tions, the several heads being—" Objects of the Census and Machinery employed," " Population," " Law of Population," " Families and Houses," " Towns," "Density and Proximity of the Popula tion," " Islands," " Territorial Subdivisions,:' and " General results of the Census." To these' he has added an appendix of twenty-three valuable tables, containing the population, male and female, the inhabited houses in England, Wales, and Scotland, and the islands divided into counties, districts, and cities and towns, with comparisons of the numbers at each decennial census from 1801 to 1851.. In illustrating his subject, in order to convey an Idea of great numbers, he has made use of singular mode which is not strictly accurate. He says :-- " If all the people of Great Britain had to pass through London in procession, four abreast, during twelve hours daily, it would take nearly three months for the whole to file through at quick march." This must be on the presumptions that the whole are adults, but as a large proportion are childen in arms, the illustration is hardly a happy one. On the whole, however, the• work is valuable as a book of reference ;-. and, as it is published for a shilling,it will, no doubt, be extensively patronised. NEW MUSIC. Le Petite Creek. London : One of those gems which occasionally appear to show that genius still lives. It is an impromptu, dedicated to Thomas. Blake, Esq., by J. M. Wehli, a young composer, who gives goodly promise of being gladly welcomed by true lovers of the divine art. There is a freshness and originality about it, which shows that the mind of the composer was in his work ; and though its execution is not within the powers of a mere learner on the piano forte, every player n ill, take delight in its exqui site melody. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND 6ENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. IA THE COURSE of his connexion with the "Edinburgh Review," Jeffrey wrote not less than 200 articles for that periodical. PADDINGTON.—The village of Paddington, which was once given to Westminster Abbey, and afterwards by Edward VI. to the Bishop of London and his successors, is now one of the most remarkable portions of London. The story of its growth sounds like a fable. In 1801 it contained 357 houses, and a population of 1,881 persons. In 1851 there were 6,519 houses, with 222 in progress, and a population of 46,306 persons. The rates were levied in that year on an annual rental of £390,732; and in 1852 this had been increased to £410,617. ROMANTIC Kuinraoe.—M. Balzac, the French novelist, exhibits another example of eccentricity in matrimonial affairs. According to a Parisian correspon dent, the arrival of this celebrated author from Germany caused an immense sensation in certain circles, owing to the romantic circumstance connected with his marriage. When Balzac was at.the zenith of his fame he was travel ling in Switzerland, and had arrived at the inn just at the very moment the Prince and Princess Hanski were leaving it. Balzac was ushered into the room they had just vacated, and was leaning from the window to ob serve their departure, when his attention was arrested by a soft voice at his elbow, asking for a book which had been left behind upon the window seat. The lady was certainly fair, but appeared doubly so in the eyes of the poor author when she intimated that the book she was in quest of was a pocket edition of his own works, adding that she never travelled without it, and that without it she could not exist ! She drew the volume from beneath his elbow, and flew down stairs, obedient to the screaming summons of her husband—a pursy old gentle man, who was already seated in the carriage, railing in a loud voice against dilatory habits of women in general, and his own spouse in particular—and the emblazoned vehicle drove off, leaving the novelist in a state of self complacency the most enviable to be conceived. This was the only occasion on which Balzac and the Princess , Henski had met, till his recent visit to Germany, when he presented himself as her accepted husband. During these long intervening fifteen years, however, a literary correspondence was steadily kept up between the parties, till at length, instead of a letter containing literary stric tures upon his writings, a missive of another kind, hav ing a still more directly personal tendency, reached him from the fair hand of the princess. It contained the an nouncement of the demise of her husband, the prince— that he had bequeathed to her his domains and his great wealth—and, consequently, that she felt bound to requite him in some measure for his liberality, and had deter mined in giving him a successor in the person of Balzac. It is needless to state that the delighted author waited not a second summons ; they were forthwith united in wedlock, at her chateau on the Rhine, and a succession of splendid fetes celebrated the auspicious event. UNITY OF FEELING IN Russia.—lt is a common opi nion in Western Europe that a people inhabiting so vast and varied a territory cannot by possibility remain united, and that Russia broken up, as it must ere long be, into a number of separate dominions, will cease to be formidable to the other powers of Europe. There never was a greater mistake. To reason thus is to fall into the usual error of supposing that all mankind are placed in the same cir cumstances, and actuated by the same desires. There have been many insurrections and revolts in Russia, but none which ever pointed in the most remote degree either to a change in the form of government, or to a separation of one part of the country from the other. It is in its Polish conquests alone that this passion has been felt. Even when the Russians have appeared in revolt, as they have often done, it was ever in obedience to the' im pulse of loyalty : they combated the Czar in the name of another Czar, not knowing which was the right one; as the Scotch Highlanders did the Hanoverian family in the' name of the Stuarts. The principle of cohesion is much stronger in Russia than it is in the British dominions, infinitely lame so than in the United States of America. England and France may be subjugated, or broken into separate states, before the integrity of Russia is threatened; and many rival republics will be contending for the supe riority on the transatlantic plains, while the Muscovites are still slumbering in conscious strength and patient expectation under the sceptre' of the Czar. The cause of this remarkable, and, to the other states of Europe, most formidable unity of feeling in the . Russian dominions is to be found, in the first place, as that of all great national peculiarities is, in the original character and disposition of the race. The Russians are not,• it' is true, encamped on the plains of Scythia as the Turks have been for four centuries on those of the Byzantine' empire ; they have taken root in the soil, they constitute it'S , entire inhabit ants, and are now devotedly attached -twit by the posses sion of its surface and the labours of agriculture. But they are not on that account less orientall in their ideas, feelings, and habits ; on the-contrary, it is that very cir cumstance, joined to theii agricultural persuits which renders them so formidable : They unite-the devotion and singleness of purpose- of Asia to the-industry and material resources of Europe: It is incorrect to say that the Russians, like the inhabitants of England and France, are generally loyal, and only. occasionally seized:with the diStinbing passions of revolution or religion. They are loyal at all times, and in all places, and under all cir cumstances. They can neverbe brought to etanbat the Czar hut in the name of the. Czar. Devotion to the throne is- so interwoven with the inmost feelings-of their hearts, that it has become part and parcel of their very being ; a is as universal as the 'belief in God en . a future state is he other countries. No • disturbing or-rival pas sions interfere with 'the unity - of this feelin,. whichis sublime- from its universality, and respectabl- from its disinterestedness. The Czar is at- once their- temporal sovereign,. their supreme chief,.whose will is law in all temporal affairs, and the head of their church, under the aegis of whose protection they alone hope for entrance into paradise- in the world to come: The Patriarckof Con stantinopie is, properly speaking, the head of ate Greeic, Church, but he is a foreigner, and'at a distance.;-. the' real ecclesiastical . authority resides ins the Czar, who,appoints all the bishops ; and his brows. are surroundedi.ini their eyes, at once with the diadem of . the Sultan antl:tiara of the Pontiff,"-- Sir Archibald Afison'sHistory ofEhrope. ORIGICS OF HUMAN LIFE : TUC GUMMY: THEORY.--. Mr. A. Jackson Davies, the founder of a new American seat who call themselves Spiritualists, has, been delivering lectures, in which lie• propounded& a some what novel' theory of the origin- of life. The Nor wich ,3Y ctr.. Examiner, in describing the. lecture, says:"God, be it known,. never made anybody, according to the new philosophy—and the first pair did not make • - themselves. Whence; then, came man ? Mrs. Stows 'Topsy' was not far out of the way; after all, when, she• said she was not made, but growed. The first settlers, the• very first pairs of - every living thing, man and all; actually did grow out of this terrestrialball !' Fact—it the. old theologies don't admit it.. The.philo sophy, you see, is this. Matter is progressive: The finer qualities. rise to the surface and go into business--subli mate—aud become intellectualities. The =hen mass of fire at the earth's centre fiirnishes the motive power. Thus, the particles that day before yesterday were a grain of wheat, yesterday were nerve. and muscle, and to-day are sparkling thoughts ! capital, is it not ? Man, to be more particular, got along hi this way. The better part of matter came out from the grosser by a natural law — was warmed or steamed out—and coalescing with water at the beds of the oceans, formed a gelatinous compound like brains—gluey, gummy. This. slush,, though much purer than ordinary matter, was no. more than raw material for the new artible. Then, by a further natural process, this glutinous mass underwent-fermentation, and evolved a —what do you. think ? Why,.a life principle, as steam from boiling water—which steam or principle madey a living thing of whatever. absorbed it ! Hence life! Hence oysters, and alt other folks ! Or, rather, hence the. first pairs of all living creatures.; for after life became. existent, this process.was.voted.a hambug, and the world was; peopled in a happier way. The lecturer said, that, at onetime, long before- animal life- was in the world,,the beds of the oceans same to be immense masses of glutinoua matter resembling brains—that the warmth of the earth, generated a fry, and. that the-steam that came up vivified whatever it got into, making % live and cut about., We• cannot be mistaken that gluten. was the stuff—that- gum was the foundation, and that in a general effervescence life was evolved—though we. may have failed in. other respects to grasp his full theory and discourse. This we did look into.. Jelly and gum! Transporting conception ! And it must be. SO. Davies says it; we believe.% ; and the extrema. facility with, which men may still be.gummed, ought to satisfy our orthodox friends, that % isn't any thing else." AMERICAN TRAvn.a..—The late celebrated Mt. Clay once told the following anecdote to a friend of ours : Travelling, in early manhood, in a public conveyance in a south-eastern sta* he found himself in company of three other persons, cow -testing of a young lady and gentleman, her husband, and of a person muffled up 41- a cloak, whose countenance was concealed, and who appeared to be in dulging in a tete-a-tete with Morpheus.. Suddenly, a big brawny Kentuckian got into the coach * smoking a cigar, and frowned fiercely around, as much as to say, I'm half horse, half alligator ; the yaller flower of the forest, all brimstone but the head and ears, and that's aquafortis." In fact be looked as savage as a meat-axe, and puffed out huge volumes of smoke, without reference to the company within, especially of the lady, who manifested certain timid symptoms of annoyance. Presently, after some whisper ing, the gentleman with her, in -the politest accents, re quested the stranger not to sinoke as it annoyed his com panion. The fellow answered, "'I reckon I've paid my place. I'll smoke as much as I darn please, and all hell shan't stop me no how." With that he looked dangerous, and rolled his eyes round as fiercely as a rattlesnake, It was evident he had no objection to a quarrel, and that, if it occurred, it was likely to lead to a deadly sle. The young man who had spoken to him shrank band was silent. Clay felt his gallantry aroused. He considered for a moment whether he should interfere, but experienced a natural reluctance to draw upon himself the brutal violence of his gigantic adversary. In that lawless country he knew his life might be sacrificed unayenged. He knew himself physically unequal to the contest, and he thought, after all, it was not his business Quixotically to take up another man's quarrel. Feeling pity for the insulted, and disgust towards the insulter, he determined to take no notice ; when, very quietly indeed, the cloaked figure in the corner assumed an upright position, and the mantle was suffered to fall from it without effort or excitement. The small but sinewy frame of a man, plainly dressed in a tightly-buttoned frock coat, with nothing remarkable about his appearance, was seen, and a pair of bright grey eyes sought the fierce optics of the ferocious Kentuckian. Without a word, this " lay figure " passed his hand under his collar at the back of his neck, and slowly and deli berately pulled forth a long, extremely long and glittering knife from its sheath in that singular place. " Stranger, he said, " my name is Colonel James Bowie, well known in Arkansas and Louisiani; and if you don't put that cigar out of the window in a quarter of a minute, I'll put this knife through your bowels as sure as death." Clay said he never forgot in after life the expression of the colonel's eyes at that moment. The predominant impres sion made upon him was the certainty of the threat being fulfilled, and apparently the same conviction impressed itself ere long upon the offender. During two or three seconds his eye met that of Bowie. His was the weaker, and he quailed. With a curse, he tore the cigar from between his teeth, and flung it, scowling, but downcast, out of the coach window. Upon this Colonel James Bowie as deliberately replaced his long knife in its eccentric hidi ng place, and, without saying a word to any one else, or even vouchsafing a glance at any one, re f o ld e d hi s cloai around, him, and did not utter another syllable tie the end of the jouruey.—New Quarterly Rtvitw, • VARIETIES. THEY have got a great aristocrat in Troy. He won't even smile, for fear people should think he is getting too familiar with himself.—American paper. A HA.THEIL Dcria, YOUHG hulLow was asked if he knew the history of his ancestors, . He replied he knew nothing, of his aunt's sisters, except his mother, and she was. dead WARNING- TO YOUNG LADIES—Do not too soon pro nounce your lover a duck, lest you should afterwards dis cover him to be a goose. BYRON'S ACCOUN.I AT A, PARTY WITH SHERIDAN, AND OTHERIL—" It was first silent, then talky, then argumen tative, then disputations,. then; unintelligible, then alto , gethery, then inarticutate, then drunk." A Nuw ORLEANS PARER tells of a man who- has.worn out four pair of boots in two months, all in trying to collect the money to pay for them! Really these are " times to try men soles." CAN sum " 'Dimas" az.—(Shakspere.)—Breathes there a man with soul so dead, who never to himself hath said, I will the Liverpool Standard take,. both for my and family's sake? If such there be., let him repent, and have the paper to him sent ; and if hed pass a happy winter, he in advance should pay the printer! A TRUTHFUL. OBSERVATION.—Rogers mentioned an observation of John Hunter, that wherever there was but one boy with a number of sisters, the , boy was sure to be effeminate; and John Hunter used to give it as a proof of Homer's knowledge of human nature, that he makes the cowardly youth, Dolon, in the night scene, "sole brother I of five sisters."—Moore's Memoirs.. ORDINARY PEOPLE are so used to be dazzled with riohes that they pay as much' deference to the understand ing of a man of estate as a man of learning, and are very hardly brought to regard any truth, how important soever it may be, that is preached to them, when they know there are several men of five hundred a year who do not believe it.—Addison. Ax DETRIORDINA.RT TREE.—A great coniferous tree has been discovered in California, 300 feet high, on the elevated slopes of the Sierra Nevada, near the, Stanislaus and San Antonia rivers, in lat. 38 N., long. 120, 5,000 feet above the level of the sea. From 80 to 90 trees exist, all within the circuit of one mile—some are solitary, some are in pairs, and some stand three or four together. A tree recently felled was 320 feet in length, and 29 feet 2 inches in diameter at five feet from the ground; at 18 feet from the ground it was 14 feet 0 inches in diameter, and at 200 feet high it was 6 feet 5 inches in diameter. Judging from its concentric rings, it is above 3,000 years old; and one of them, when hollowed, formed a capacious room, which, on one occasion, admitted 140 children without inconvenience. It grows not more than two inches in 20 years, and this proves its age, and that it must have been in existence when Sampson was slaying the Philistines, and when the pious /Eneas was carrying off his father Anchises on his shoulders from the ruins of Troy. AN AFRICAN BELLm.—Upon arrival at the age of mar riage, which in this precious country takes place about the thirteenth year, the girl is dressed out with most extraor dinary care with rich silks, borrowed in many instances for the occasion. Her hair is completely covered with golden ornaments, consisting of doubloons, sovereigns, figures of serpents , fish, alligators, and crosses. Chains of gold hang down her bosom, which is left uncovered, and her tawny skin is exquisitely painted in very delicate lines of white chalk, giving her the appearance of having on a tightly fitting vest of the finest lace. Armlets and anklets of gold encircle her wrists and feet, while the silk robe extending from the waist to the ankle, is gracefully fitted over a neat bustle, and compressed by means of a broad silk girdle around her loins. There is, especially at this early age, an air of grace, of lively gaiety, and effeminate softness about the young African girl, which gives to her movements great beauty and gracefulness, and fills the mind with such agreeable impressions as we experience when contemplating a fine picture, a beautiful horse, or the airy and natural elegance of the young fawn. We see in her every glance, and in the unpremeditated ease of her motions, the buoyant elasticity of youth and health, revel ling in the glad joypugne. sl of were gamal C2a§tVWXY"' Brodie Orvikohank. ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS. TO TEE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sts,—l have read your critique on Mr. Grocott's "Index to Familiar Quotations, and quite agree with your remarks on the advantage of such a ready reference to the gems of prose and poetry in which our literature abounds. I have also read Mr. Grocott's book, and take the liberty to question his title to the praise for perform ance which the design of his work demands. It is true that he has arranged his examples alphabetically, and in many cases given some parallel passages, which throw some light on the sources of inspiration by writers who had credit for originality, but he has not performed all that was fairly to be expected of him before venturing to appear in print as the literary lawyer. I will take for instance the oft disputed authoriy for the doggerel rhyme, "He that fights and runs away, " &c. He gives us three quotations, two from Butler, and one from Goldsmith, each of them something like it, but neither of them the one in question. Again he is far from happy in his titles : to a quotation from Swift, ending with Walls have tongues, and hedges ears ;" he places the head " Hedges have eyes ;" but why, because hedges can hear they can also see, Mr. Grocott has not enlightened his readers. Another of his heads is " Birds of a feather," which, according to an old saying, " flock together," but his examples are merely resemblances ; he does not favour us with the authority for the old saying which he alludes to in his title. Under the head of " little learning " we have the couplet from Pope on Criticism, and so quoted part 2, line 15, again under the head of " Drink,' we have the second line, " Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring," which is quoted from Pope on Criticism, line 216. I could point to several other instances in which the headings given to the quotations for their alphabetical arrangement are so little according to method, sometimes the idea being taken and sometimes a particular word, that I imagine an index will be necessary to this Index, in order to render it of advantage to those who, desirous of using a quotation, wish to do 45 correctly. Two parts of the work have, however, yet to appear, and there is, therefore, time for amendment ; but Mr. Grocott should in the meantime solicit suggestions or contributions, which many are well able and, no doubt, willing to furnish, and then he should issue a new edition, with such emendations as may render the work what it ought to be. He commences with the quotation, " A book's a book, although there's nothing in't ;" it is to be hoped that it is not an unintentional allusion to his own production.—l am, Sir, . Wallasey, Jan. 19, 1854. A REAMER. EDUCATION FOR THE BRITISH COLONIES. LETTER 11. TO THH EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STNADARD, " Ducit amor patriae, et amor humani generis." Sxu,—lf a Board of Education were established for the Colonies, it might be asked—how ought they to proceed in their labours, for the promotion of colonial education ? This is a questionaluit may seem to stand on the very threshold of the sutpd,- though, I may say, that it is not absolutely necessary to detail all the modes in which such a body ought to commence and carry on their labours. They might proceed in many ways—the- colonial wants being so many and so varied. If a question of dispute may be- said, at all, to belong to it, it must be—in what way should they first proceed so as to supply these wants ? Whether are schools, teachers, or apparatus most needed ? or what system of instruction, is best suited tothe.clifferent states of civilization in which. the colonists are; and the mutual and, physical peculiarities of the different' races to which they belong. Which of these wants a board.should first begin to. supply; and what system of instruction adopt, might be subjects on which- some of thenas might differ and dispute. But one want, a very important one, which may be said to lay at the- very foundation , of all :good education, and about which there - could belie dis pute whatever, is the want of normal-training institutions, to , train native masters for the colOnies. This is a want obvious at the- first mention, and should be 'suppliediat the earliest opportmity. Schools, to be effective, must have teachers who understand their business; and such , men- can only be got by being trained to it. To educate- should- be as much s profession as to , practise in physic. or expound the common. law. None are allowed to prac=- tise these= two professions without having studied in the great' seminaries of the-land, and been regularly examined and appointed thereto. Quacks are not allowed to prac tise in- medicine; neither - should they be allowed to impart instruction ; if the one- be dangerous, the other is a thousandstimes more so. If so much care-has been taken to prevent improper persons from poisoning the body, surely as-much care should, be taken to prevent a similar class from poisoning the- mind. Bad schools; with bad teachers-presiding over them,• a high authority on educa tion has-condemned as worse than none. Teaching im plies a faculty, and superior powers of teaching implies the possession -of a superior faculty. All men. with any knowledge of the art, of: teaching, know thaeit is not every man —no, not evensevery clever man—who can smak ea good teacher. A good ene must unite diligenc4 knowledge, patience; and-the faculty to impart to others, what he knows himself. Manner, character, talent, information, and power,-not only to think, but to communicate the subjects of - his thoughts, orally; united with skill; which can only be got by practice, are all essentially necessary to form the efficient instructor. Thus, it must be evident, that- such men art. not, to he Culled Irom.among tue colonists at pleasure. 'graining in the -art of instruction is necessary to • form them:first, and before this-can be accomplished, training schaels must be built. I know that the mention of training schoolslvill awaken in the minds of many, at thy:: first glance, a dread .of the cost whichthey must entail upon us and the colonists. This reasoning will only' arise.-in the mind tTh-migh reason ing from. analogy. In England these institutions are imposing stone edifices ; displaying. architecturalheauties of the highest order, and full:of complicated. design; but in warm. colonies, bordering..on the tropics, it is not necessary that they should be so. In the warm, serene climate of the Mauritius, some lightly-built place might suffice, and.so in other colonies ; thus the expense would be greatly. lessened, and the fears .of many removed. In warm climates it has been the custom for many ages, and is so still; to teach in the open. air. The ancients knew the influence of nature over-the • humanheart when they took their. pupils under the shade of some noble old tree to instruct them. Her green page lay open before them, and they could discourse of her mysteries, with effect. That their teaching was effective, history has left no doubt ;; Plato taught in the open groves of. Academia, with the clear, blue sky of - Greece over his head ; and that his teaching was most effective, the number of his followers may fully prove. The open air, teaching of his disciples and proselytes placed him, upon. a throne from which he was.not dethroned for many ages. Zeno,also, the founder ' of the •school of the Stoics, taught at Athens in a very open,place ; it was in the. Stoa,. where the merchants' pods were landed, and which had only a covering over it. Aristotle also taught in a walk connected with the temple ;of Pau, called Lyceana.. In fact the teaching of the ancients was very muchin the open air, or in places with very slight build. Their •warm and . genial climates made it pleasant for them to, be. in. the- open air. I could, enumerate the schools,of most of thenations of the ancient world, and describe them, to show the truth of the above.. In our own Eastern possessions, India, the children were • taught to read and write in. the sand; and the Hindoo. village schools were. mostly held under the shade of some. venerable tree. This.was the case for ages before- the country fell into our. possession. I have thus,. Mr: Editor, called your attention to, the subject of tramiaig schools for the colonies, and also pointed out that they would. not need to be, in, many of our dependencies, the. expensive things they are in, Eng land ; but that places for training the natives to the duties o f t eac hi ng shinild, be in. them, no one will for a. moment doubt. The contrast between the public sahools of the present time, and the- dame and common day-schools at the end of the last century, fully proves the: importance of having men trained to the office of teacher: In. fact, the way in which, youths. are trained and taught will influence their whole lives. The: poet Wordworth, whewas neither too hasty in, giving. utterance to his sentiments, nor untrue to nature-in them, has told us that the child is " Father of the man;" and in this declaration he, has given out a great truth. in. mental philosophy ; but still, though the faculties and powers which rule the child are the same that dch the man, yet a great deal dopends upon the train ing and direction given to them in, youth. But we have a greater authority, far, than Wordsworth for asserting, that if we " Train up a youth in the, way he should go, when, he is old he will not depart from it." This is a declaration in the Book of Life, made by the Royal preacher; and one of great truth, which should be at tended to by educators. The youths in our colonies are , babes in knowledge, even of a human kind; and, alas they are not even this in the Lord Jesus Christ and His righteousness. But they hay.e hearts with the same warm impulses ; minds with the same faculties ; and souls with the same longings after immortality. They are to be operated upon in the saint: way that our own are ; what ever knowledge is presented to them they will suck in like the dry sand by the sea shore which drinks up the first waves of the returning tide which flow on to it. Where these schools should be erected for the West India Islands, I beg now to call your attention to. For Jamaica one might be erected at Kingston, and. for Thni. dad at Port of Spain. In Antigua, St- John's would probably be the best place. Barbadoes has Codrington College, and the situation of it of such a delightful nature, that a wing added to it would be bettor than even having it erected at the capital town. The college is surrounded by gentle hills on all sides ; possessing also the superior advantages of the sea breeze, and an unbounded view of the Atlantic. A beautiful stream of water is collected into a lake in its front. This situation is so favourable for health and study, that it is the best place which could be adopted for it. Where the islands are very small and contiguous, one good-sized institution might suffice for two : e.g., one at St. George's, the capital of Grenada, might do for it and Tobago ; and one at Castries, in St. Lucia, might do for it and Montserret. Another at Rousseau, in Dominica, might do for it and St. Vincent ; and one at Basseterre, in St. Christopher, might do for it and the two small islands of Nevis and Anguilla. The Bermudas and the Bahamas might be treated in a similar manner. The Isle of Mauritius and its dependencies (the Seychelles) might be treated in a similar manner to the islands just named. Sierra Leone, Cape Coast Castle, and the trading posts along the Gambia, might go in with this class of colonies ; so might the Cape, Guiana, Hon duras, and Ceylon. Training institutions in these colo nies would not be so very expensive as some might sup pose, and they would be productive of all the good they have been in England, and much more. All the foregoing colonies are wealthy enough to erect good schools for themselves. Jamaica, some years ago, gave as large a sum as £30,000 for the purpose of religious instruction, and could also give something for the sake of carrying out a system of education. I will call your attention, sir, to the revenues of these islands in a future article, hoping to show that they are wealthy enough to do much for themselves upon the question. But it might be asked, where are proper persons to come from for presiding over all the training schools ? How will you cow gun a number of talented men The answer to this is a ready one. Look at oar own country, with its numbers of talented men for whom there is no opening at all suitable to their abilities. Great numbers are plodding on in secondary and subordinate situations, whose mental qualifications well fit them for the highest places in their respective situations and occu pations. Britain has hundreds of such men within her shores at this moment, who would hail the opportunity of going out to the colonies. But looking at the race of teachers now rearing in the public schools of England, with the numbers that already crowd the metropolitan and provincial training schools, will there not be very soon great numbers fit for the occupation of training masters ? Even the present race of masters in the national schools are fit to take charge of the colonial training schools. It would thus be the means of raising the schoolmasters' office at home, because it would keep before them the prospect of a more extended field of usefulness in the dependencies. Ten or twelve years' servitude in a large school at home, with the constant charge of pupil teachers, would be an excellent preparation for training teachers afterwards ; for the experience which masters would necessarily have of teaching, and the qualities re quisite to conduct a large school well, would enable them to cultivate those qualities in the youths of our colonies : it would also cement a closer union between us and the colonists. At the present time, a teacher in England has no prospect before him but to stay where he is, or to pass to another school like the one he is in. Other professions have better prospects. The surgeon may rise to a phy sician; the barrister to the bench; and the curate to a rectory, deanery, or see ; but the schoolmaster, to remain in his office, must continue where he is, or pass to a school in which he will get a few more pounds per year for his salary. True, the office of the teacher, in a Christian point of view, is one of great importance ; and, when faithfully discharged, his hopes of reward hereafter may be very bright indeed. But in reasoning on this subject, we must not treat them other than as human, and affected by mate rial interests, like other men. Bright examples, I know, may be found among this class of men, who have for a long period devoted their physical and mental energies to their duties, never hoping for any other reward than that which the sincere Christian hopes for hereafter. They have laboured, with a single eye, to the promotion of the glory of God, which their office so abundantly affords them the opportunity of doing; yet still if the opportu nity of becoming the head of a normal institution in the colonies was before them, their office would be a much more pleasing one for them to discharge. This aspect of the question is an important one, and worthy of much consideration. The question is an important one in every aspect in which it may be viewed; equally to the rich and poor; to the clergy and schoolmasters ; toparents and their chil dren. Thus we would have stronger ties binding the colonies to us than political ones. The latter interests seldom last long without some jarring arising ; commer cial interests awaken cupidity and avarice in the human bosom, and may be broken at any time; but spiritual, mental, and moral ones bind nations as with a silken cord of friendship, and may last for ages. Thus, if training schools were erected in all the colonies I have named, a great impetus would be given to the progress of education in them. Between thirty and forty of them would (con sidering the aggregate population) be a sufficient number at present. In England and Wales there are; at the pre sent time (including the diocesan ones), between' forty and fifty training schools. We have not too many with these, for each county ought to have one in addition to the me tropolitan ones : but swards of forty, for a population of 15,000,000, is not a bad number. I only wish the colonies had as many ; they would produce great results, and at a cheap rate. In England and the prin - eipality (Wales), the outlay for these schools during a period of seven years, i. e. from 1844 until 1851, was £355 ; 403 ; the grants made by par liament, during the same period, amounted to £137,623. These sums-are large ; but taken into consideration wit]) the extent of the edifices, and the costly nature of the. apparatus with which they are: fitted up, &c.. they do not appear extravagant, _ In my next, I shall beg to call your attention to the fitness of theiVest India Islands to be at the expense of building these' schools for themselves, and one or two other points cf importance connected with the subject; and, in the meantime, I am your Obedient servant, Rathbone-strcet, Liverpool, Jan. 19',.1854. JA.XES LISTER. NUIStNCES IN LIVE WOOL. TO THE EDITOR: OF THE LIVERMOL STANDARD. Sin,—Having frequently had occasibn, whilst staying in Liverpool, to notiee. various annoyances and incon veniences which strike me as being peculiar to the good awn, I wish, as an da . subscriber to the Standard, to disw public attention' to them through* the medium of your widely-circulated' and useful sheet':. The first and greatest nuisance I shall` allude to is the irregular system of walking carried on in even the princi parstreets. Cursorily viewed, this may appear a light and frivolous subject for discussion ; but it is, iirreality, very far - otherwise. One might suppose that in , Liverpool—a town ranking second to. none, in a commercial point of viewtime was money. If this be so, why waste so much in the unnecessary and complicated shuffling, jolting, and squeezing, which may be- witnessed any day in the first streets of the town ? In3London it is very different; why could it not be so in Liverpool? lam well aware that the great number of foreigners and sailors constantly in the port, who straggle about' in a very unaccountable manner, must, in some degree; tend to retard the carrying out of the proper system,. by which such innuense num bers-are enabled to pass Meng comfortably in the streets of the metropolis ; yet, making allowance for this, there is ample scope for improvement. Surely it is an easy matter for aaperson to keep to his or her right hand;in walking alonga street ; and if all would but do this, there would be at once the two properand requisite streams, in oppo site directions, moving alOng with speed. and comfort, instead of the unceasing confusion which wenowsee. Tlie second cause of complaint is the obnoxious practice of pasting innumerable billa inside those palisades which are temporarily thrown over the flags during building operations. Now, the excessive pressure one is often snbjeet to, in passing through one of those street tunnels, is bad enough in itself, but, with the additional horrors of wet paste, and stumps of"rusty nails, which: have been inefficiently drawn from the .old boards which constitute those passages, it is really shameful, and well' calculated to spoil any good dress that has the misfortune to enter one-of them. Indeed, it is a matter of surprise to me, that the town's authoritisslave not taken this matter into their• serious consideration ere this, and' taken steps to have.it either entirely removed or greatly moderated. There is another subject or two which should very properly be investigated; and concerning which I may trouble you again at some • future period, but at present I wiltnot encroach furtherupon your valuable space, but remain, Sir, yours &c., A WELL-WISHER TO , LIVERPOOL. CASSELL'S ILLUSTE.ATRII FAMILY PXPER.-WSEICLY CIRCULATION Two HUNDRED THOUSAND, and still rapidly on,the increase. The First Monthly Par% consisting of Five Numbers, in a handsome Wrapper, price Sixpence, will be ready February Ist. This Part will consist of Forty Pages, the same size as the Bitisirated London , New. The following splendid Illustrations-will be contained in this Part :—Scenes from "The Arctic Crnsoe"—A Merry Christmas—Turkish and Egyptian Fleets—A Happy New, Year—Barge of the- Sultan Log Almanack—Russian Costumes—Portraits of Prince Paskewitch and frince Menachileoff—Ancient Kalmouc Encampment—Group of Bulgarians.—Jassy, Moldavia—Turl•- ish Races—Moldavian Costumes—Columbus taking Posses— sion of the Island of St. Salvador—General D'H illiers and Staff—Russian Troops—Hands and Paws—Railway Omnibus —Scene from "Woman's Love"—"dtew of the Bosphorus-- Egyptian Recruits—Portraits of Redschid Pacha and Omar Pacha—Crochet Pattern—Wallachia:v. Melon-seller, School master, and Barber—Attack on the Turkish Flotilla at Sinope —The Turkish Eleet in the Bay of Bujugdere—Schumla, the Head-quarters. of the Turkish. Army—Twenty Microscopic Objects—View of Osborne, Isle of Wight.—(By P3st,,6d. extra.)—J.Csasaws, Ludgate-hill, London; and all Book sellers. TUESDAY, JANUARY 24, 1854. ECCLESIASTICAL IXTELLIG.E)Ci PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS. Rev. R. Allen, M.A., to the Incumbency of Sl• Church Rev. J. J H Anderson, M.A., to the Incumbency of near Coleshill, Warwickshire. Rev. W. Ayerst, 8.A., to the Junior Curacy of All Gordon-square. 110 Rev. W. M. Beresford, 8.A., to the Inc um b e ncy of near Aylesbury. Rev. B. G. Bridges, M.A., to the Rectory of Blankllel ' Sleaford. Rev. J. H. Compton, M.A., to the Incumbency of g End, Caversham. _ , 0 11 Rev. S. Cooke, 8.A., to th e Vi carage o f Poston., j Rev. J. C. Cox, M.A., to be Chaplain to th e Eng'' dents at Chantilly. Rev. J. A. Cree, M.A., Fello w o f M ag d a l en C o ll e ge, ° lie ( 1 to the Curacy of St. Mary's Church Dover. f Rev. J. A. Crozier, A.M., to the Military ChapiaincEll.o a Rev. W. Cumby, M.A., to the Incumbency of r" Northumberland. Rev. J. Dennett, M.A., to the Incumb ency o f Al ,iersll` t near Farnham. Rev. W. Doyle, M.A., to the Incumb ency o f St - - v Church, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, La n ncashire. C o Rev. W. C. Evans, M.A., to the Icumbency of near Doncaster. Rev. H. Garth, M.A., to the Curacy of Trinity Lambeth. Rev. H. S. Gill, 8.A., to the Chaplaincy of St. Baldwin, Isle of Man. Rev. R. Goidham, 8.A., to the R ec t or y o f C a ldecole ,l t the Vicarage of Newnham, Hertfordshire. r od e Rev. J. M. Hawker, M.A., to the Perpetual CO Earley, Berks. _ Rei.'ll. Hill, M.A., late Curate of Mansell Lacy, He rr shire, to the Incumbency of that parish. Rev. J. Hilton, M.A., to the Rectory of Orlingbur/ P Wellingborough. Rev. D. T. Hobson, M.A., to the Vicarage of Becliin° near Gainaborough. Rev. J. Hodges, 8.A., to the Incumbency of moo' near Rothwell. Rev. W. Hulme, M.A., to the Perpetual Curacy O f Somerset. Rev. It. L. James, LL.B., to the Curacy of Little Bed Bucks. Rev. H. C. Jenour, M.A., to the Curacy of All Gordon-square. Rev. R. Jones, 8.A., to the Incumbency of Penmen' . port, Monmouth. Rev. J. E. A. Leigh, M.A., to the Vicarage of Brsl , Maidenhead, Berks. as l° Rev. M. Manley, M.A., to the C urac y o f Mi s tl e y, S jos Rev. T. Markby, M.A., to th e H ea d M asters hi po fbt• wood Proprietary Collegiate School. Rev. E. Mercer, 8.A., to the Incumbency of Ecc lrAf near Leeds. Rev. J. Miller, M.A., to the Incumbency of orcor Ross, Herefordshire. Rev. T. Mitchell, M.A., to the Incumbency of St. Newington, Surrey. A ° Rev. M. T. Moriarty, to the District Curacy of St Church, Six Towns, pariah of Ballynascreen. county Id Rev. H. M. Mosse, 8.A., to the Curacy of Brailsfor Derby. Rev. W. Pennefather, M.A., late Curate of Waltoas bury, to the Incumbency of Chriat Church; Barnet. ro il Rev. C. Penny, Incumbent of B a bb en h a ll, to the .' 6 l) bency of Hnnningham, Warwickshire (not, as s l a t week, the Rev. C. J. Westropp). Rev. H. Price, 8.A., to the Rectory of Kilybebi l, Neath, Glamorganshire. f C Rev. R. S. Philpott, M.A., to the Inc um b enc y o Church, Clay-hill. 6a# Rev. L. C. Randolph, M.A., to the Rectory of East Berkshire. Rev. W. E. Richardson, 8.A., to the Incumbency lade, near Leighton Buzzard. Rev. G. J. Ridsdele, M.A., to be Domestic Chaplain t° Duke of Devonbhire, d Rev. J. Rutherford, M.A., to the Rectory of Eglea r ' Petworth. Rev. T. Smith, ALA, to the Incumbency of Ossing o Newark. Rev. J. B. Sparrow, M.A., to the Rectory of Offtont ADD ~.1 1, Rectory of Little Bricet anne xe d, near Needham, Supvj Rev. C. Spooner, M.A., to the Curacy of St. Ednw King, and St. Nicholas Aeons, Lombard -street. 1 8 " Rev. J. P. Stoute, 8.A.,. to the Curacy of Braddoti , Man. Rev. G. M. Sykes. M.A., to the Rectory of East Bel e Caxton, and the Vicarage of Tadlow, near Biggleswacle . o Rev. J. N. Thompson, to the Chaplaincy of Sulby Rev. T. Valpy, 8.A., to the-Church and Di s t r i c t of P The Baptist, Leenside, near Nottingham. Rev. J. N. Vlieland, Curate of Great Ilford, Esse* V incumbency of Christ Church; Turnham-green. ..0 Rev. K. Whitehead, M.A., to-the Rect or y o f Godlnio" near Dorchester. oaf Rev. F. Woodward, M.A., to the Curacy of St. Bbthnal-green. The Rev. Reginald Gunnery,. MA., late curate; Mary's, Hull, has been appointed Associatio n Secret the- of England Education Society. pet! TAT RSV. W. R. DuNee:s . , senior curate of St has been appointed a surrogate for granting Dl' licenses in the diocese of Chester.. licensed DIOCESE or CIIESTER.—The Bish o p h as at No. 38, Regent-road, Liverpool, for the perforun Divine Services, for the ac c ommo d a ti on o f the inhal:a of that part of the parish. Th e Bi s h op h as re new license-for divine service in the new church at Clal j o cum-Gunge, Cheshire, for one year; obstacles still e to its consecration. EPISCOPAL 1109PITALITY.—Thir Lord Bishop bury recently entertained nearly two hundred of necessitous poor of the neighbourhood at a ram,,, dinner of roast beef and plum pudding. His ir i o presidediat the head of the table, carved for his guests,.and addressed them in a kind and encouT speech. _ Nzw . ZiIkIAND.-A printed letter has been ret .ii from Bishop Selwyn by his friends is England, dt4 Barnabae-day, 1853, in which he notifies hi s intern:4 leave New. Zealand for England about this present 5 Among. the objects of his voyage, we- are informed' 0 1 permanent settlement and endowment of the tied, bishoprics at Lyttelton an d W e lli ngton, and tllOO,, quent subdivision - of his extensive diocese. It_, o o l/0' intentionto , abandon hi s contenaplated...a..c'' pecan a college •at Auckland for native missionarieg lbst Melanesian Island 4, as he finds, u p on ex p er i e nce, . 4 4 damp climate is not su it e d t o th e cons tit u ti o n 0} ' c oti who hare lived on what he calls "large reefs of The other. objects of the bishop are understood W il g, nectedtwith the establishment of a college of Chure masters, and a scheme of synodical action for the in New. Zealand. w a 44, w a esc THE lOW YEAR. 0, happy may the New Year be—to each bring joy andhliss; Throughout that year may all our friends know nought but happiness ; And stili,as comes to each the thought of what witadone last year, The Ccats must needs reeur to mind which thosatood friends bought here. And now,, when on the wintry breeze come cold' and , frost and storm, When, chilling from the icy blast, shrinks back the shivering form, 'Tis now the Tailor's matchless skill becomes a thing of note Those friends in quick succession come to buy an Overcoat. And many, too, o'er frozen ponds in freedom schoolboys play, And plass in clothes' destructive games their Christmas holi day. To Joss" EARP'S their parents come those garments to renew Whose style can better be than his—wbose cut can be more true And far away to distant climes the Emigrants will speed : Well may the Emigrants, their ships, their captains, too, succeed But, ere they leave old Liverpool, to.l. EARP'S Mart they hie : What Mart, to suit their many wants, can better goods supply? A blithe New Year for one and all t Whatever fate they see, If .1. EARP'S wishes are fulfilled, their lot will happy be; And oft he trusts his many friends in future years to meet, And sell them many another coat, at No. 3, CH URCH-STRBET. Tnß GREAT Ranutuc.—The territorial extent of the United States Republio is nearly ten times as large as that of Great Britain and France combined ; three times as large as France, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Holland, and Denmark together; one and-a-half times as large as the Russian empire in Europe ; one-sixth less only than the area covered by the 59 or 60 empires, states, and republics in Europe ; of equal extent with the Roman empire, or that of Alexan der, neither of which is said to have exceeded 3,000,000 square miles. BIILWER LYTTON AND lIIS WORKS.—If ever there was a decided proof of the progress of the present age, it is that furnished by the intention made public by Messrs. Routledge and Co. For some time past this firm have given indisputable assurance to the world of their anxiety to improve the- taste of the masses, by issuing, almost daily, works of the highest class in every department of literature ; but it remained for them to achieve the most important object they have yet contemplated, in securing to themselves the right of publishing the deservedly popular works of Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, at a price calculated to secure their entrance into the humblest cot tage, and thus enable its inmates, who are not blessed with Fortune's favours, to derive equal mental profit and advantage with those to whom the works of this dis tinguished writer have hitherto been confined. The price which they have paid for the right thus secured to them is immense, no less than £20,000 ; but such was the ap preciation by Messrs. Routledge and Co. of the genius and talent of Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, and such their confidence in the mental improvement of the masses, that they did not for a moment hesitate to avail themselves of an opportunity so eminently conducive to their great design. Their experience has taught them that the best writers are the most sought after ; and, therefore, they intend immediately to issue the entire works of the first novelist of modern times in volumes varying from one to two shillings, each to coital all Miro nonlewficift; Momper, HORTICULTURE. Rlv ( GlEnkintAL DT. ECTIONS. During the • c essation ° f o f it is very . desirable to look o ver th e s t oc k o f plant' s ,a I '4l frames,. for, however well they may h av e witlist \\ls e frost, they will now ru n a r i s k of being lost uni e le are carefully guarded from drift, and the effects crowding, look well over the pots, see.that the ° cl ef, 144 sodden; or remove to a drie r s p o t all that are so, An 7 'ear freely, to the sir on dry days when there is no frost. pi who lave a good bottom heat either-in hot-heels ef f otl 14,4 houses may now start d a hli as f or cutt i ngs — t h e o ld fs tfi e , 2 4 liftaskvpdant should also be started by breaking A 9P, roots, and plating a piece in eac h f res h po t— a A C ; VO - heat will soon,bring it forward w h en dt will bece o- 0 .) useful spring 'plant—keep all pl an t s. ( un d e r e 0 : 1 t ot / from. dead. leaves, for, if not removed•besides therlirooitl,4l:l appearance, they give rise to different ki n ds d, o ttlis ftngus growth which prove highly injurious b) wes the living tissues of plants. The , present 'R peA should be taken advantage of fo r sow i ng a c rop ° &south border ; give air to cauliflowers in frante_ i s o p, ' k!v hand-glasses —pruni ng m us t be actively earn crj'l l I may be completed as soon as possible. Aurieulo , lo3 tions, and pansies in frames will require constantly' '„e' Ikty over to see that they are not su&ring from dainP; want of air. Where the comp os t h eaps h ave bee 016-1411 exposed, to the influence of ,:the-severe frost, loce io y turned aver immediately in or d er th a t o th e r P° rt the leaps may receive the benefit of the next frost. hith Score's NOVELS.—A new and elegant traosL iv. Sir Walter Scott's novels is appearin g i n Stockh°7 s , volume contains a whole romance, and costs onlY Slaw Waxim.—Snow water has long lain . 11 , 17 : imputation of occasioning goit r e, o r th ose swelllnZAl neck, which deform the inhabitants of many of wo ,, valleys. But this opinion. is not supported by authenticated indisputable. facts, and i s rend t ae more improbable, if not entirely overturned, bY go of (tummy of the disease in Sumatra, whe re i c e iyaflV, never seen, and its being quite unknown in t ld Thibet, though the riveca of the latter countries supplied by the meltingof the snow with which tains are covered. B . DESTRUCTION OR OID ST. PAUL'S--Early 1674, the workmen began to clear away the rur, ancient cathedral, preparato r y t o l ay i ng the no-, of tions. The pulling. down of the old wa ll s , w hiev• many places 80 feet high and 5 feet in thicknessi arduous undertaking. At first the men steo4o working them down with pi c k axes ; while 'l'4 below cleared away the rubbish, part of which vcSis to the. paving of the streets, a n d p ar t t o th e bra the parish churches. The work p rocee d e d i n 00 until the workmen came to the middle towe r ') carried the lofty spire : but they quailed before t l l,O ons task of mounting 200 f ee t t o cas t d own „, 1 •0 The inventive genius of W r e n immediately coner,f, idea of attaining the e n d by means o f was done accordingly with the desired accident which happened at a subseq architect was prevented from employing his next great device consisted of the ram. This machine he suspended from kept thirty men constantly beating with _ a wall for a whole day, —an operation which workmen marvellously like an utter wr the great architect knew better. He kn, concussion ; he encouraged them to - length, on the second day, the wall began top, and fell in a few hours. The first cathedral was laid on the 21st June, 167 THE SAILOR AND TER ACTRESS.—I poor girl," said the Duchess of St. Albans, hard for my thirty shillings a week, Liverpool during the holidays, where . received. I was to perform in a new like those pretty little affecting dramas at our minor theatres ; and in my charaete a poor, friendless, orphan girl, redin wretched poverty. A heartless tradesman sad heroine for a heavy debt, and ins, in prison, unless some one will be bail replies : Then I have no hope, I have 3 world.' What, will no one be bail fo; from going to prison ?' asks the stern told you I have not a • friend on eart, But just as I was uttering the words, the upper gallery springing over the railin self down from one tier to another, until over the orchestra and footlights, and • side me in a moment. ' Yes, you shall least, my poor young woman,' said he, expression in his honest, sunburnt an go bail for you to any amount. And as to the frightened actor, 'if you don't bear your moorings, you lubber, it will be tv( I come athwart your bows; Every crew rose ; the uproar was indescribable—: screams of terror, cheers from his ta the gallery, preparatory scrapings of orchestra, and amidst the universal din , unconscious cause of it, sheltering me tressed young woman,' and breathing .., trwction against my mi m i c persecutor, I v:laded to relinquish his care of me, by t. ll ' tender to arrive and resvue tae, NVltb thatfiggi bank notes UnpowderP'' Aga 1 effect. ~,41 lo ss ;equent !lav e g gunpot a tte ancient y ep , th e in a triOr cl h _ one t th it on ° - 6 ,4 1 ' air hich 00 01 e , the 6 'ante of tio p e . th e knew th e , the !, persevcre ts i s y,t, , , t, n to trenlev'ty ;67;r1 s t on e o f 76.—The log 4 1- 1 41 " When iof 411 Leh ans," Ni t , I went ,4 "tll' 4 I was 0 0 oet v piece, t 11)1,'") aI as they PfiZkl D ,, seter I r*' e blin n inrsan e ft ed ooys tr oopshun t r e ,f o o rrl;t:l7 oe t ot 1) :: ;:d st,„4etijoe , riee: creditor' 01 , : i itir aS e rth,' Is, I sall t tily ailing, 1414 • a il ,tal he , h i r oi . yk,„ p i acc a (0 2401 1 have 0 ',, 1 rt,4ti4 with t" . ' t iatenav ee, Oli ,(et / 1 ); Of as for Y ° a ;0' ear a 11° 0 13 ( 4 sel ib r it worse m i ; tare et ll4 ea o v -peals e ed awnY V,ka r there pc0;1 0 :qh ne, ‘tio e Prot s. g tlefia n o 1 : 3 ;0 41' t ;.y 010 igoe .ith A