The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-01-15 00:00:00

In the one case turnkeys state the impressipns made on their minds nearly two years since; in the other, impres sions committed to paper 18 months ago, some short time af ter the expressions were uttered. We all know th;t nothing is derstanding of sentiments utte more common than a misun ecl extemporaneously by even the best and most acctirate orato e most co rrec t spea k ers i n b oth houses of parliament hay s been unintentionally mis-stated, though attempted to b taken down at the moment by the .most skilful short-han writers —men whose business is to report, whose bread de 6 Li 4 pends on their accuracy, and wb motive to be strictly correct a 1 men and public speakers, the opinions of the ave every coneeivab You yoursel expressed rters entirel opinions have been by honest and upright r perverted ; that you have been represented by such persons "• as stating the very opposite of what you had really sal( Such inaccurac f such frequent, su, recce, that you must b, 'ell aware, espec in forensi r the state speaking, that the constant practice is to ref ments taken down at the time to the speaker, lat he may proceeth down every word, nd real ad or 1 cau tic remove mistakes which cannot but occur talented stenographer your education, your accusto and in one or two install. servation, your mastery in shor notwithsfatidir every sentiment, most i 11 habit of taking down evi -s which fell under in ob 'Writing; I will . acid that you frequently erred 'e to to that you frequently misseu Lne meaning of a witness, though the words were deliberately uttered. How constantly has it happened that half a dozen persons hearing the same sermon preached, actually conceive in• half a dozen differentAvaysol the sentiment the preacher tittered, and this not amongst the nu-1p nr..l _ posed injury —not a that they dislike ti many disresp€ but amonzst fr Can you, t delice -til( rank of your amongst men smarting unde Proved to have and wishe I his removal, belief, expressed now ak. tent of holding up your chaplain, (to whose knowledge th, supposed words were never brought that he might clear thei up) to d egra d at i on ? Can you on such testimony c0n.... ,_ ruin a person who having addressed nearly 1,000 lectures and sermons to prisoners since his appointment in Feb -1838, is reported in three of them to have offend ,. in saying that a sinner's justification - of his own good works. Once for expressing d tiou of the sentiment of one Psalm s ; an,l se of lki months not on th pproba- new version of meats a dverseto3rison b non ternere in agendis neaotiis computantur. You cannot, gentknien, as men of reflection, know the world, as - valuing the character of the munsti generally, silence a minister of Christ on such suspicion evidence ; any man, the most careful, the most upright could be ruined if sm,h Lng dan vernment quv2 rara acc Rs men who _ were allowed to rea These observation s might beaddressed to yop vill u, if admitted the truth of the statements made against me, which Ido not. But on what evidence is that charge founded ? Your info' tnation is derived from some during 18 months, and m light of day, that they guilt, and utter worth! pressions not nut t ers kept secret r the first tune , brougilt to the of my may become damning' suppose you will allow me to v scale. Let us, then, consider the evidence connected with these papers. Law's Evidence: —": the sermon of the chapl port on my own suggestio not insult you so far as to a feather in the I did no e notes of purr• The governor: ordered r chaplain were then on extreme know that the porp”,,,„. ti Bard to keepine, her having threatened to repo, swear that I have not done it. " I did not go to the chapel on purpo._ Dr. Buck might have s..en me writing at was speaking from the pulpit. I was - put in. Ido not know of any turnkey besides myself writing at the time. I think I wrote down in chapel the chapter and verse, and the names of the prisoners to report upon ; the prisoners seemed to take great notice of what the chaplain was sayine. g or lOSIllf y appointment the gi I do not remc averno )t writing the report The governor ordered " i was ordered to draw up a report. r. me. I believe the governor and chaplain tremely unfriendly terms. re then on ex- " I have often Said I did not like Dr. Buck. I have never said I wished him discharged." Gillet's .vidence.—"l wrote a note at the time at the re quest of the governor. Being asked was there much cony among the officers? He replied, report, but after there was." " Have you heard Law call the chaplain a hypocrit " I think I have. " Have you heard him speak disrespectfully of him on other occasions ? ation on the subject ` Not before I made-the " Yes, I think I have " Have you heard him say we have overthrown the chap lain ? " I think he has said the chaplain would he overthrown." The Governor's Evidence.—" Law once made a report to me about what took place in chapel. I told him to commit it to paper. The paper now produced is the report. Two or three - officers came to me. I did not lay the report before the magistrates. " At the time of receiving the paper from Law, relative to Dr. Buck's preaching, I deemed it of importance. I did not communicate its contents to him, nor lay it before the ma gistrates. The entry in the Governor's Journal on the 11th June, 1839, and in the Magistrates' Journal in reference to it, had reference to orders for admission by the magistrates contrary to the rules, and to Dr. Buck's preaching on that occasion, both combined. In telling Dr. Buck it had refer ence to the magistrates, I did not also tell him it had refer ence to him. I sheaved Dr. Buck the whole of the rules re ferred to in the entry. I also said to him, both you and I are probably breaking these rules according to the strict let ter. I have not that lam aware of any papers affecting the character of the chaplain. I think I have some copies, the originals being gone. D think if a turnkey offers any infor- Illation to me, I have a perfect right, in my own discreti to tell him to put it on pant nd to act on it or is please, or to communicate it to him or not I never any explanation of the er . My reason for detaini to the magistates. that a short time previous there was a little disseution be tween the chaplain and Joe, and I did not wish to revive it — that was the sole cause. Whereas Law has previously sworn—" I was ordered to draw up a report. The governor ordered me. I believe the .. s 4 chaplain were then on extremely unfriendly governor It so happened, gentlemen, as you have seen from the go vernortol 's eviden ce , th at h e made an entry i n hi s j ourna l. H e me, you will perceive, that it had one meaning. He has told you now it had two. Though, at the time the entry was made, and you called for explanation, he declined to give any, on that occasion you entered a reproof in your journal. I have not been successful in obtaining copies of either of these entries, or I should be able to make sonic remarks on them, which many might think well deserved and richly merited. I shall sa ti s f y myse lf b y enter i ng Mr. Bacheldor's apology for the line of conduct he pursued : " I never gave any expla nation of the entry in ray journal to the magistrates. My reason for detaining the papers was, that a short time pre vious there was a little dissention between the chaplain and me, and I did not wish to revive it. That was the sole cause. The turnkey, Law, says, " I was ordered to make a report. The governor ordered me. I believe the governor and chap lain were then on extremely unfriendly terms. This, gentlemen, shews that kindness to me was not the cause of his silence, but a full conviction that if the affair were then inquired into, he could have established no case against me.. It was therefore needful to lay it by in secret for eighteen months. The chaplain might then not find it so easy to reply. I forbear making other remarks which the case justly calls for. My observations on such a system are not brought before you now for the first time. On the 7th of November, 1838, you had the subject brought to your notice by the following entry in my journal:— • . " I cannot but call most earnestly on the magistrates to cause to be overthrown the wretched system of espionage which prevails at present in this prison, where there is not an officer who is not watched in the most unfair way one against the other, all confidence in each other being in con sequence destroyed. But, above all, I beg of them to do away with the secret examination of prisoners, by the gover nor, against even the chaplain of the establishment ; a sys tem so despicable, so fraught with evil, so certain to lead to the worst possible consequences amongst the men confined." My prognostic is now verified, and a place which was, un til within tw• or three weeks since, in apparent peace, is now distracted to the most alarming extent—the secret system being the cause of all--a system which our best writers have declared to be aimed at the destruction of the innocent, and the advancement of the most base and unprincipled. I thought I saw (I hope I was not deceived) a burst of manly, of English feeling, a burst of horror and indignation, escape some of the 'gentlemen attending a late committee at the gaol, when these long hoarded papers were first produced. I thought they were regarded as vipers to be shunned, as fiends to be- avoided. I know that at the time I expressed my hopes that the justices would not allow of espionage, Sir Joshua Walmsley spoke at the moment in proper indigna tion, saying, Dr. Buck, you surely do not mean to accuse the magistrates of this committee with employing spies. I there fore thought that the death warrant of these papers was signed. I was deceived : they are still in being, and their venomous sting is directed against me. I learn that the way in which evidence is procured is no answer to the charge founded on that evidence : I therefore proceed in my reply to the fifth charge specifically. FIFTH -CHARGI " Whether the chaplain, when officiating on the Sabbath, has not indecorously called the attention of the prisoners to a portion of the 108th pslam, new version, sung by them that day in the prison chapel, warning them against the use of it, and characterising it to them as blasphemous." You have, gentlemen, a letter which I addressed to Mr. Batcheldor, commenting on certain disputes with his daugh ter, in evidence. That letter has been produced as against me. I presume I may also make use of it in my justification. That letter shows that lengthened disputes had been going on between Miss Batcheldor and me as to the psalmody. I wishing to select the psalms—she determining to oppose my w ill. Mr. Buckley says—" I have heard several times that the psalmody was a subject of contention between Miss Bat cheldor and Dr. Buck." The fact is, this lady was, at that particular period, beginning to practise on the organ. Being a novice, she was obliged to limit her performances to three or four tunes, which she could then mechanically go through, if certain words, to which she was well accustomed, were sung ; but if the words were altered, the tune lapsed, and we were left in sad confusion : our selection from the 150 in the new version was, therefore, limited to three or four psalms —exclusive of the morning and evening hymns, which used to be sung with such an attempt at the sublime, as used to be highly ridiculous : so that with a tolerably scientific know ledge of music, I never could detect the air, nor could any persons join the execution, except the poor washerwomen, who constituted, at that time, our choir. These artistes screamed, under the name of chanting, the service, and caused mynecessary presence to be extremely irksome to me. I endeavoured to correct the evil, being uncommonly tired of hearing the same stanzas dayafter day, but the more I ob jected the more Miss Batcheldor resisted, and the continual • ding dong of " Happy are they, and only they, Who from thy judgments never stray ; Who know what's right,—not only so, But always practise what they know." called forth at length some remarks, which, (and I wish to be thankful for the circumstance) have kept this unserintural ditty from my ears, until the words were solemnly brought to your notice on the oath of good men and true. Look to Mr. Batcheldor's evidence, and you will find that I bad pre viously expostulated with him against the use of these words. " Dr. Buck has objected to the use of a part of the psalms mean to certain verses. Dr. Buck bad not the full con trol. My daughter used to attend to the singing, and selected the. psalms. Dr. Buck objected to the 3d verse of the 106th Psalm, and spoke to me anima. my daughter using it. Dr. Buck wished that he should select the psalms, and that my daughter should sing them, under his direction : my daugh ter objected : Dr. Duck stated his objection to me. He thought " ' Happy are they, and only 'they,' " irreligious." t Now I beg prayer, emember that it was after prayer, (ex aenmporaneous followed always by the Lord's - Prayer) in_c,eaftr sermon had began, that the supposed remarks were that is, in the course of preaching, at the ve ry time when,a difficulty all se in the lessons of the day, or on any other subject, a clergyman of the Church of England woaldueeessarily, au. as a matter of duty, offer explana- I believe the ly unfrienc tience over tion, and set matters right. My remarks were not made im mediately after the singing, nor during the reading of pray ers, but in the midst of my sermon : so far then, all things were done decently and ino;We;,lifter the best usages in our parish churches. But before I proceed, I will say one word upon that dreadful evil—extemporaneous prayer, so often reiterated in Mr. Batcheldor's evidence. May not the custom of freely calling upon God in prayer, be at the ,foundation of his thoughts of my orthodoxy ? His suspicious that my object was to lead the auditory into other opinions than those held by the Church of England ? Ido not dispute his extreme orthodoxy, but I think you will suppose me to be ridiculing you, if I should say, I thought him either in intellect, or in habits, a competent judge of the soundness of my sentiments, or of their accordance with the revealed will of God. _ His testimony, however, on this subject, will at least show something of the bias—l do not mean intentional bias—of his mind against me—evidently arising out of my religious senti- nents only. " I have the cpPortunity of' knowing whether Dr. Buck performs his duty ill or well. I should not apply the word ' skulking' to any part of his conduct. Ido not think that he, with a view to escape his duties, ever went through them ling I in a slight or frivolous way. I do not think, though the deviation in the church service is made by the chaplain, it is done with any view to escape his general duties ; but with a view to impress a different light upon his audience, on reli gious opinions, than is contained in-the church litany. My impression is that he intended to throw out a different opinion on religious subjects than that contained in the church ritual.'' Now, hear what Mr. Buck! for reporting me to the bishop), swears " When living at Kirkdale, I usually attend Mr. James's ministry. I have heard the chaplain preach pretty often. I do not think the doctrines be preaches are opposed to those ie Church of England." your taskmaster, (who was of tl Well, en, we arrive at this conclusion, that I made a comtnent on this verse, and that Miss Batcheldor that day, in the midst of the service, made her way through the pri soners, out of the chapel, as you have heard it in evidence; .s her practice to do, when once the or_ 'ileted. She attended for the sake of playing, f not to au service vas tear my preaching • " Miss Bate Odor often left the chapel the moment Dr u to pray before the sermon. We were often in le chapel, and did not know whether we were to have the Buck 1)e Sow, gentlemen, I at once say that I owe no canonical obedience to Tate and Brady's version of the psalms, nor to the version. by Sternhold and Hopkins. They each have iott's word tells me to sing with the ions, ex- understanding—as there are mere human comp() tremely faulty, and in many parts very absurd and unserip tural—l feel that I have as 1 woul any other that they are unscriptural, and not to be swallowed, as a nauseous medicine, without stopping to consider its f Now for the words— " happy are they, and only they, Who from thy judgments never stray; Who knows what's right—not only so, • But always practice what they know." I. say that these words oppose what by many is called natural religion, for they teach that God is not a God of , and save Israel from all his sins. The Sentiments taught in this verse are unsound, or, as Miss Davies in her evidence says—l trash—take her words. _ " He said he hoped the • redempiic prisoners would not join in sing: in; such tray' again ; he might call it a pone were saved but those who never strayed judgment, there would be. none saved at all." " I thought it an extraordinary occurrence. I port it to the governor asphemy, that She adds, did not re- By extraor - dinary she must mean unusual, not improper or indecorous, or she would not in the due performance of her duty have been able to add, when strictly queStioned on the subject, " I did not report it to the governor," it was clearly a matter not worthy of report. That the Divinity put into my mouth by Miss Davis is sound and good, I have no doubt. If those only are happy who never strayed from God's judgment; if only those are happy who always practice what they ktiow, then Christ's words have no meaning—can have no truth where he says, " I am come to call not the righteous but sinners to re pentance." The son of man came to seek and to save that which was lost ; all manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven to the sons of men. After considering Miss Davis's simple and plain, and I suppose for the main part correct ac count of what was said, I really think it needless to go over the turnkey Law's account of the same matter, they agree in one point only, namely, that the word blasphemy or blasphe mous was used, not however as to the verse, but as to the sentiment taught therein, which other officers also affirm. I take Mis's Davies to be the most correct version, (semper in benigniora preferenda sunt,) though she as well as all the other witnesses speaks from memory of a long by gone discourse. The only matter I need consider is, whether it was expedi ent, whetherit was not indecorous? Some of your witnesses thought it was not expedient, that it was not decorous to press so severely against the life of prostitution and infamy in which many of the female pri- soners notoriously lived when not in prison ; others, no doubt, thought it very wicked, very inexpedient., very inde corous to expose the utter falsehood of the sentiment con tained in this verse—a sentiment which assigns to despair every sinner sensible of his sirs. Again, some persons may think I was dreadfully offending, if the substance of the following evidence be really true. The chaplain stated that he had visited a female that morning in the hospital, and he had spoken to her about praying. I believe he added that he had asked her if she did pray. She told him she had seen her priest. , This was told from the pulpit on a Sunday. He made some remarks on the folly of persons believing that man had the power to forgive sins, and cautioned the prisoners not to be led away by such an idea. 'So also Miss Davies says, I remember his addressing them about a female prisoner. He said they had trusted to their priests, and died in despair. I have heard him use the word " priest" in the pulpit, but I have not heard the female pri soners talk about it. Mr. Buckley tells you, that "when any remarkable events ,ppen, such as death, Dr. Buck takes notice of them, and trys t T-1,-. bn ,rove them on the consciences of the prisoners ) several tune Now all this may be thought by some persons to be very improper, but gentlemen, the minister of Christ cannot con deseencl-t© ask of turnkeys, nay even of magistrates, nor of him who is over all, the inspector of prison s , w h e th er it be expedient or decorous to guard the ignorant against false hood ; to speak in terms easy of comprehension against sin in all its forms. He acts, in these 'natters, solely under the command of God, who had said, the word that I shall put into thy mouth that shalt thou speak : cast up the stumbling block out of the way of my people : when I say unto the wicked thou shalt surely die, and thou givest him not warning, nor speakest to warn the wicked from his wicked way, to save his life ; the same wicked man shall die in his iniquity, but his blood will I require at thine hand. Now, gentlemen, I fear God, I do not fear man. I there fore obey his will whether it be deemed decorous or not. Consider, I pray you, that .the great majority of persons in a prison are as ignorant of God as are the heathen. It was therefore decorous, expedient, essential, to point out error in the clearest way possible, and to tell them the whole truth ; and no man on earth has a right to call me to ac count in the matter : in such case God is my only judge, except that, being under the episcopal jurisdiction, I gave utterance to dogmata opposed to the articles of that church of which I am a minister. The good sense of one of your own body hindered the ex pression sworn to have been uttered by me, in the words I shall now quote from the evidence, being adduced as another charge against me. A - disaarged prisoner, on his oath, says :—" Dr. Buck said if Mr. Wesley believed in his own good works—his own morals and actions—he certainly would be in hell; and that every one who believed in their own good works, would go to hell." Now I apprehend that there is not a person of true Pro testant principles—l am certain there is no man taught of God—who will object to the sentiment. These words were uttered from memory, the discourse itself having been deli vered eighteen months since. SIXTH CHARGE. Whether the chaplain has not on one occasion addressed the prisoners in the prison chapel on the subject of the number of punishments which had taken place for miscon duct there, implying doubts as to their having so miscon ducted themselves, thereby reflecting upon the officers and weakening their authority and influence over the prisoners. The sixth charge, allow me to think, has not been without some weighty motive arranged in the midst of accusations which it cannot be seriously intended to press. Perhaps it might be lightly passed over—not seem to be important —not specifically replied to ; and then the eagle, neglectful of lesser prey, would dart upon the carcase without the possibility of failure. This is, in fact, the only charge of consequence to which I am called to reply ; for if I have taught rebellion, if I have really weakened the power of officers over prisoners, there cannot be a doubt that sound policy would call for my immediate removal, as totally unfit to be an officer in a prison. Now let us see the whole testimony by which a charge so sultans is sought to be supported, always remembering that persons in the rank of life of your officers might honestly mistake ; and that after the lapse of seventeen months, and after a bill of amnesty has been passed, I am unexpectedly called on to defend myself by explaining expressions then used. Mr. Ranzsden says :—" I recollect an occasion when many prisoners were reported for being asleep or something in the chapel, snd I think the chaplain made some remarks the day after in the chapel, when the prisoners were present. I know the text was bearing on his remarks, and I think the purport of the remarks was, the prisoners being reported for being asleep when they were not; and as a caution to the turnkeys to be more merciful: both merciful and just." question by the chaplain—" Was the text on that occasion 35th Isaiah, 3rd and 4th verses." " I cannot say ; I believe something similar. This following two sermons ou the prodigal son, on the previous Sunday, the prisoners appeared to he much affected. I could scarcely believe that there was irreverent conduct on the Sunday. I will not speak positively as to what took -place. I left with an impression that what was said would have a good effect on the turnkeys. It was part of the sermon. Law says :—" On the Tuesday after, the chaplain made some remarks on the strict rules of the prison. He then ex horted the prisoners to attend to the rules of the prison: he has frequently done so. He alluded to the numerous punish ments for offences in the prison. To the best of my recol lection he said that a number of prisoners had been punished without cause. I think he offered words of consolation. He adverted to the number of punishments, and said he thought if misconduct took place in the chapel, he was as likely to see it as any one else. He called the prison a wretched abode of misery. I think he said something about the ven geance of God falling on those who had power and used it in an arbitrary way." Miss Davis says—" I was in chapel when remarks were made, on Tuesday, 28th May, 1839, by the chaplain on the number of punishments. Thechaplain said he thought there was an uncommon number of punishments ; that there were a good many too many, more than necessary, but it was bet ter for the prisoners to bear with them, than to have their punishments increased. I cannot say necessary' was the term used ; that was the purport. I had no feeling on my part that it was a reflection on myself, nor did I think it ap plied to me." Noel Gillett—" Were you ever in chapel when the chap lain made some observations on the subject of punishment? " I was. " Do you recollect the purport " The chaplain said there were more punishments for faults during divine service than at any other time. Ila;ing refreshed his memory, he stated, "That there were more punishments for faults during divine service than at any other time, and that he for his part could see no fault with the prisoners, and that they were to be sure to pay strict at tention to the rules and regulations of the prison. 1 think that is all. " Was there anything about acting the tyrant? Yes ; Dr. Buck said, God would punish those who acted the tyrant to the poor. " " Did he say anyt hi ng a b out pray i ng i n private ? Yes ; he said he hoped they would pray to God, and put up with difficulties while in prison." Now, before I comment on this evidence, and endeavour to skew its bearing, I desire to call your attention to another subject, out of which the supposed offence has arisen. By a statement prepared from the prison books, and received by you on your minutes, it appetirs that, during 67 w eeks,.from February 12 th , 1 838, to 26th May, 1839, the number of per sons reported for gaol o ff enc e s , sa id t o h ave b een co mmitted in the chapel, during divine service, was 199; or, on au aver age, 3 weekly. The same return shews that on one particu• lar Sunday, the 27th May, 1839, no less that 27 persons Were reported: a number far greater than during any.whole pre vicos week. This is the statement drawn up by your orders. have oecu turhance in the chapel must have been very serious. You have had it solemnly sworn to, that, standing as I do in an elevated pulpit whilst officiating, it is not possible that one half that number of offences could have occurred, without my witnessing it. Hear Mr. Buckley— " I think Dr. Buck, in the pulpit, could see the prisoners better than the governor in his seat. I should think 13 per sons could hardly sleep, make a noise, or break the rules, without the chaplain seeing them in chapel. " 1 have witnessed a great burst of emotion among the pri soners during his preaching. I have greatly approved of his ministry. On re-examination he says— " I should say that the chaplain could see the prisoners better than the .governor : he has a more general view. I should say, that when preaching he has a better opportunity of seeing the prisoners than the governor." And athough other witnesses swore that men sitting on the same level, and even below the prisoners; there bing only four to watch all the men, they could see them better than the officiating minister, who is elevated above them, who is in front of all, and has every man immediately under his eye, yet I apprehend you will have some doubt on the accuracy of their judgment in this matter, the fact sworn to being contrary to reason. Be this as it may, fourteen per sons could not have been playing tricks, wilfully and pur posely offending, without the chaplain unfriendly witness (who was, in his zea, thinking of reporting me to the bishop) mony. • You will, therefore, give admission. o Law's The chaplain is es d abov Couside )lain must see t asleep." .1 on another o, A very .;asion, you this tes me the full benefit of his 11 the IT I think the art of the prisoners if they .v my journal shows that on the 27th May, 1839, I :bed two sermons on the parable of the prodigy' You have in evidence that the prisoners were great • , , _ fected. In truth, I can say that such a spectacle 1 have sel dom before witnessed, and never but once since, viz., last Sunday, when, not being able to obtain the assistance of a clergyman, I was obliged to preach in the midst of my pre parations for this defence. There was one general outbreak of weeping and sorrow. Loud sobs could not by restrained for a time, and many a brawny hand was that day raised, to wipe away tears from eyes not accustomed to weeping. The most reverential attention was paid to every word, and - so lemnly, as in the sight of my God, I declare that there was no ill behaviour, no sleeping visible to me. The hearts of all appeared to be awake : it was a solemn season, when the pre sence of God was sensibly and powerfully near. What must found 27 wreteL persons had been reported fences, anti tae great majority or taem ueprivcu know, for no offence which was not absolutely involuntary away tears, contrary to your filth and sixth gaol rules. I believed then, and I still believe, that they were punished contrary to the laws of God, but in strict accordance with the rules of the silent system of prison discipline, as carried out in your prison ; and no fear of man, no dread of conse- shall keep me from asserting this sole is monstrous punished in one day, when the avera 7 previous weelis had made the numbers to be three weekly. Can you suppose, gentlemen, that this case did reaching my ears, affect my heart? can you think me twat compound of all abomination, an unfeeling man? I felt .• much— wept much- to pour in the oil and win , On the following day, ing near day, the ngthen ye t iyto them ... heart, be strong ; fear not. Behold your God will come with vengeance, even God with a recompense: he will come and - custom, 1 explained the literal in conclusion, spoke As is my usu and soiritual meaning of the words to this effect :—" Many of you, I hear, have been reported for offences in chapel last Sunday. How often have I warn ed you to keep the prison rules If you would avoid their severity, when once you leave this abode of wretchedness and guilt, strive, in the fear of God, not to return. I did not witness your disorderly conduct myself. I only sawyour deep attention to my instruction. Let ine beg of you to pray, in secret, that God would enable you patiently to bear the miseries your own sins have bronght on you." This was, as I fear God, the surd and substance of all I said. I read to them at that time the following rules and regulations of the prison, and there the matter ended. " As to prisoners under charge of conviction—the follow ing are declared to he acts of disorder :—any unnecessary looking round or about, (each prisoner being required to look before him) either at divine service, or at work, and meals, or in passing from one part of the prison to the other." It this, gentlemen, was to foster rebellion—to paralyse the authority of the turnkeys, I was most guilty. Law tells you in his evidence in reference to the occasion— _ " On the Tuesday afterwards the chaplain made some re marks on the strict rules of the prison ; he then exhorted the 7ners to attend to the rules of the prison, he has fre quently done so. lie alluded to the number of punishments for ' offences in the prison (observe—not in the chapel). He adds, ' to the best of my recollection,' remark the wariness of this part of his evidence—his evident doubt: to the best• qf my recollection :" he said that a number of prisoners had been punished without cause. (Remember this is to the best of his recollection, the address having been delivered eighteen months ago). I think he offered words of consolation—he called the prison a wretched abode of misery. I think, he said, (mark, I beseech you) he thinks he said something about the vengeance of God falling on those who had power, and used it in an arbitrary way. He thinks this, he does not venture to swear it was said. In cross-examination, he says—" I think that the sum and substance of what Dr. Buck stated amounted to this ; but I do not speak to particular words—l do not think the prison an abode of happiness, I think the phrase wretched abode of nisery Miss Davies's statement is much more softened—not a word of the vengeance or the tyrants, &c. &c. take her words. " I was in chapel when remarks were made on Tuesday, 28th May, 1839, by the chaplain, on the number of punish- —that there were a good many too many- ,uan necessary, but it was better for the prisoners t 9 bear with them than to have their punishments increased. I cannot ments- say ' necessary' was the term used—that was the purport. 1 had no feeling on my part that it was a reflection on myself, nor did I* think it applied to me." As to saying one word of God's taking vengeance on tyrants, it is an absolute mis-statement. It is a part of the text on which I did not comment. I could not at that moment have trusted myself to comment on it—the very words of the text seem, however, to have been fastened, as a nail in a sure place, on the consciences of some who were present—whence their testimony that they _thought I had uttered words_of vengeance. It was God who spoke, not your chaplain. He who has thus fulfilled his own declaration,—" Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord." The evidence of several officers of the prison has becn•given, skewing that at different times, so far from speaking harshly of your rules to prisoners, I have gone from ward to ward explaining them, and urging the necessity and wisdom of strict obedience ; the same I have repeatedly done from the pulpit in the chapel, at the governor's request, nay, when ever he asked me so to do, as likely to be beneficial. Mr. Ramsden says, " He (the chaplain) is in the constant habit of exhorting the prisoners to moral conduct, and obe dience to the rules of the prison. I never heard him preach a sentiment calculated to make the prisoners disobedient to the rules." Law says, " He then exhorted the prisoners to attend to the rules of the prison ; be has frequently done so." So again Mr. Buckley. "He has taken the prison rules, gone through the wards, and inculcated obedience to them on the prisoners. 1 cannot say it was at the request of the governor." Witness also the same, from entries in my journal. " Ist September, 1838. Passed some time in the untried yard, and expostulated with the men on their disobedience against prison rules ; they heard with great attention, and assured me that they would certainly attend to my advice." October 27, 1838. " Passed some time in the male convict yard ; exhorted the men to quietness and good behaviour, during their conti nuance here ; they behaved most respectfully." Noveinber 16, 1838. " Psssed some time in the untried yard, and exhorted the men to a rigid observance of the rules, and to good and quiet conduct—their conduct hitherto has been very deco rous." December 26, 1838. " Visited every part of the prison ; read the law enjoining silence, in every room, and exhorted the prisoners to obedi ence." May 11, 1839. " Saw every prisoner in confinement; exhorted them in their different rooms and yards, to obedience and good conduct." June 15, 1839. " At the chapel service explained the gaol regulations, mad endeavoured to impress on the people the necessity of a conscientious attendance to them." January 25, 184( " Visited every work room, and explained to the prisoners in each, the new diet table, exhorting them to obedience to the various rules of the prison." . . April 4, 1840. " Read the speech made by a convict at the present assizes, to the two classes of men, serving time and to the boys.,' Now gentlemen, I will call your attention to the effects produced by my Tuesday's sermon. You will hear me out in the assertion, that the inevitable consequence of my tell ing prisoners that they had been unjustly punished, would have been a violent commotion—a rebellion—a paralyzing of the.energies of the officers—deep emotion on the mind of the governor—a solemn appeal to you at the moment, and my instant suspension, at least from the performance of duties. Instead of these results, which * did not take place, the fullest possible proof that no such remarks as those imputed to me were ever uttered Mr. Itamsden says, " I dont know whether this sentiment was calculated to make the prisoners obedient. I should think it would, because there were fewer (reports) after- Law, in his evidence, tells you " The address had an effect on the prisoners at the time—they seemed to be much excited (he explains his meaning), they appeared particularly atten tive." In cross-examination he says, " I thought the whole of his address would lead to acts of disobedience. I did not observe any acts I could attribute to that." Other witnesses confirm these statements. No proof of disunion of officers was adduced, for no dis union took place. There was no expostulation with me by any officer, nor by the governor; no complaint laid before the magistracy. It remained for Captain Williams to find out a secret writing, to bring it to-day, and to cause me now to appear before you, to answer to that charge as false as that being who originated it—in his abode of black despair. Seventeen months after the period in question, I am taxed with results which might • have followed, though none did follow, except decrease of punishments on the part of the men—a gradual and wise reduction in the severity of all punishments —apparent harmony amongst the officers ; in tact a state of tranquillity which had never been previously _ . _ witnessed in the prison. Again, I say, if this was to excite rebellion, to create dis union, to discourage officers in the performance of duties, I was indeed most guilty. Once more, ici the sight of God, before whose awful Throne, 1 must very shortly appear; I solemnly deny having uttered one syllable against the authority of the officers, one syllable which 1 then thought, or now think, could have any other effect, than that of tranquilizing the minds of men ; leading them to submission, and to avoid future causes of complaint. You find that a diminution of punishments in number and severity has followed, and therefore, I believe, the object of my address had the most happy, the most bene ficial effects. Need I say more on this point, let me intreat the justices to consider this one charge as though no others appeared, let your solemn judgment be formed unincumbered by dead weight, by dust thrown out to blind the eyes from the power of clear vision. Can you think it within the range of possibility, that if the governor had at the time he received the reports of the in formers, really thought a rebellion likely—had found his offi cers improperly daunted—that he would have dared to keep such startling circumstances from you. He says, in evi dence, kindness of feeling towards me hindered. Gentlemen you know the man ! you know well he would allow no such feeling to keep him from a strait forward appeal to the magi strates ! But, in truth, at that very time the governor and I were very far from being swayed by such kindly feelings to wards each other, as have prevailed ever since that period. I look to what then happened as the origin of something like confidence in each other, whereas previously we had often been at varianc have be ont, one, by the magisLi.—_ 'ng to tae; the other, by the nut, 'theldor on their proceedings. calls them, did not interrupt, 24 hours our acting in willing concord with each nsisting on th s one witn, Thus, then, whf;ther prisoners, junior officers, or senior be considered, no evil resulted, but much good. No evil speech could therefore have been delivered. Au infallible teacher Ye shall know them by their fruits: Do men off thistles? Even so every ler grapes off thor good tree oringetn forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit. A good tree cannot bring forth evil . fruit, nor can , a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit. Wherefore by their fruits shall ye know them." (To be continued.) MEETING OF THE LIVERPOOL ANTI-CORN ASSOCIATION. The Music Hall was f I on Wednesday evenir arge number of persons calling thenmelves the membel4_of he Liverpool _Operative Anti-Corn-Law , . 1 been called together for the islature for a total and inunel Association, who 'cal of the corn-. nti-corn-law lentation of that I catal. u V 511114111, we sd.a, •.. e evening, that his decision should should confine themselve oto address the electors-of Walall in favour of Mr candidate for the repre- WALAISLEY was called to the chair. He )ceedings by observing that he appeared before pest of their provisional committee. and that re upon taking the chair upon one .e convened, and not enter a.•, hear.) He considered he wou great plea nohr 4h.,1- into any extraneous matter the subject totally distinct from paity politics, and under- stood that there were numbers Of indivi s either , nt, who differed with hi nd many others upon party politics : hut, on the present subject, they ..... ..1 .1 Ce.. Tieved the party who now stood forward to represent Walsall was the sincere advocate of free trade in every respect. He (Sir Joshua) had known him for many years. He was a re tired merchant, was perfectly conversant with mercantile affairs, had devoted his time, talents, and money to what he a - source of the highest gratification to see the industrious DusinL , t awe to a sense c a, important, an was (1116 - to themselves On the the question of questions. Household stiffrage, vote by bal lot, and all those other questions which' had distracted the :ommunity fox so long a-period, fell into utter insignificance ;Teat question of free trade,_ which came ye, and to the interests of compared with tl home to the hearts the feelings )üble for the necessaries of life ; for the price of corn, in- d of being, as it now Was, and 70s. per quart , Tho nrecpnt Inv would, lad in- sovereigns of almost all nations to put restrictions h commerce and manufactures, which produced bour mar the price of wages produced crime and misery, and filled the Alrthis was to be attributed to the laws then, he asked, should the producers of wealth for ever In the poor of the land? (Loud and lon ith cries of " Bravo, bravo.") The of the corn 1 -continued hurrahs airmaei then wet on to say that the repeal Ns meant not to is their op- snowed to come into . - this country at only 245. per cwt., and foreign sugar at 635. per cwt., went into the pockets of the West India planters, to whom England had already given twenty millions of mo ney. Every farthing of this, which was but a second edition of the corn laws, was paid by the people. The fact was the same with regard to coffee. Colonial coffee came into this country at 6d. per lb. ; foreign at ls. 3d. ; and the ai ffe Fence between the 6d. in the one case, and the LA. in the other, went to the colonial planter, after having been extracted from the pockets of the English people. He (Sir Joshua) would have them to look at corn in the same way ; for, though their population was rapidly advancing, and increasing competi tion was taking place, and though the amount of corn ex ported was not equal to what it was in prey ?us years, still the amount of manual productions exported was annually less. After stating that the price of labour was regulated by supply and demand, Sir Joshua next proceeded to show, that if we could take the productions of other countries, duty free, in exchange for ours, we should have more manufactur ed goods to return to them. He next alleged that wages had invariably been reduced as prices rose, but that the price of ;ulate tile price of wages Sir Joshua con- eluded by reading an extract from the evidence of Mr. J. D. Hume and Mr. M`Gregor, both of the Board of Trade, in relation to the question, and concluded by hoping the meet 7 ing would not assist to return any man to the House of Com mons who was not disposed to take off every prohibition and coesumptio, of the land. Mr. JOHN MURRAY proposed tl the present corn and provision laws impose on the peoP ,e first resolution— " That ken of fifty millions . a-year, enablin .t the ex- landowners to enormously increase their incom pense of every other interest of the community, and that this meeting, believing those laws to be unjust in principle, and ruinous in their operation, petition the legislature for their immediate repeal Mr. ROBERT JONES seconded th (luring his observations there was some confusion lower end of the room, mingled with cries of " Turn him first resolution, and (the disturber) out The CHAIRMAN immediately rose and said he would turn the first man out who made anoise The. nit Ain I him with supreme authority rest assured that authority he would would call in a sufficient power to mai Mr. JONES then pt oceeded with his remarks, and concluded by saying that he could find fifty thousand families in Liver pool who were half d—d under the co-operation of the corn laws, and that no man could conceive the immense quantities of corn that would be consumed in England if the bellies of all the people were well stuffed with bread. f not, he Mr. JOHN RossoN briefly supported the motion, after which The CHAIRMAN was about to put it to the meeting, when A Gentleman, whose name we could 'not learn, but who carried a large volu me an d som e documents in his hand, rose for the purpose of proposing an amendment, but was assailed by cries of " Turn him out." The CHAIRMAN said he could not hear him, and desired him call a meeting-in support of his own views if he placed. He (Sir Joshua) had no notion of allowing him to come there to throw the apple of discord. (Uproar and great confusion.) The Gentleman again said that he wished to say one word before the motion was put. The CHA IRAIAN. — SiIence, sir, or I will put you out in a noment. (Uproar.) --I will throw ou over the platform Cheers. The IiENTLEMAN still endeavouring to be heard— The CHAIRMAN,—If I have one word more from you till ttled, I will turn you out. You understand me. 'Cheers.) - This silenced the gentleman, and the resolution was carried. The GENTLEMAN complained of the manner in which he had been treated, protesting against it as most ungentlemanly on the part of the chairman. The CHAIRMAN.—i did hope that, after what I have said, the gentleman would have held his tongue — The GENTLEMAN.--I ask you, Sir Joshua Walmsley, whether you have treated me as I ought to have been treated by you 'The CHAIRMAN..--I say if you do not hold your tongue I shall turn you out. (Great uproar.) Mr. DuFFIE, a journeyman tailor, proposed the second re solution, to the effect that petitions be sent to the legislature, in conformity with the terms of the motion which had just been passed. The tailor went on say, that the first aristo crats were robbers, and concluded by stating, emphatically, that they (the corn law repealers) would thunder at the gates of parliament—they would show their moral power, but he warned the aristocracy to beware lest they tempted their moral power too far, for moral power was but the ghost of physical. (This sentiment was loudly applauded.) Mr. H UGH BOY D, the secretary to the association, seconded the resolution proposed by the last speaker. Mr. PALmuit rose for the purpose of opposing it, but was assailed with cries of "Turn him out." The meeting at this period became most uproarious. The CHAIRMAN. ---1 have spoken to this gentleman before, and begged him to be quiet. Is it your pleasure that be should be heard ? (Loud cries of " No, no,'; and "Turn him ") Now, Mr. P a l mer, go out, sir. (Cheers.) Retire • sir. (Cheers.) .t, intimated that this proceeding was most from this meeting, ' Mr. PALMS The CflautuAN.—Retire from this meeting I say, sir. I will not hear a word from you. (Cheers, and uproar.) Mr. PALMER made another vain attempt to speak to Sir Joshua, The C iatu mAN. — Recollect, sir, I have ordered you from this meeting, and I will not hear any more from you. Here (addressing the meeting) is a young gentleman— VoicE.—l beg pardon—he is a blackguard. The CHAIRMAN. —Allow him to pass quietly through. (Hear.) I think it du e t o myse lf and to you to state, that this gentleman says there are no persons, here who dare meet him in discussion. (Cheers.) I have told that gentleman previously, that if he and his friends would call a public meeting, he will find plenty of persons ready to discuss the sect with him. (Cheers.) Ir. ANNTYRE, secretary to the P ro t ec t or S oc i e t y , then (Cheers.) proposed the following address TO THE INDEPENDENT ELECTORS OP TILE BOROUGH 01 lsall,—O " Men of Via. - -- You has devolved the signal ho nour of being the first constituency of Great Britain to re pudiate the pretensions of any parliamentary candidate un pledged to a repeal of the inhuman starvation laws which so fearfully afflict our beloved country. " In a .few days your.borough will he made the battle-field for a great principle. On one side is the fearless and disin terested advocate—the enlightened advocate of unrestricted commerce ; on the other, the scion of grasping and remorse less monopoly, who would make the hunger of Englishmen like the sweat of the negro, the source of unhallowed wealth to the coffers of insatiate ambition. What men, in whose breath lives one generous feeling, will hesitate to sid e w ith th e champion of industry and plenty against the supporter of monopoly and want " Men of Walsall! The eyes of the empire are upon you! The wives and daughters of England's working men look with intense interest to the progress of your struggle. Our unemployed operatives , for a time, forget their privations in the excitement with which they watch your conduct in the coming contest : our drooping commerce and decaying ma nufactures feel a vivifying spirit in the expectations which arise from the noble position you have taken. Britons! brothers! men! From this great mart of commerce we and pray for y our success . L e t send you our sympathies , not, then, we implore you, the tri ump h o f monopo l y i n your borough blast the high hopes you have created. Strike, men of Walsall, strike a manly British blow for the prosperity of of old England, and your first loud shout of conquest will give joy to every honest heart throughout the land, and towns and counties, catching up your glorious spirit, shall, in imitating your example, mak e ' ga ll ant Walsall ' a rally i n cry to int ure v ictories Mr. AVICENNA se which was put and carried Mr. WILLIAM RATiIuoNE next addre sse d the meetin g , and concluded by saying that the people of England must advocate free trade if they wanted cheap corn and real com forts. Mr. SHEIL followed. He was decidedly opposed to the present corn laws, as they grou n d d own the great mass of the people for the wicked pu r p ose of augmenting, not the comforts but the aggrandisernents of a few. Upon the proposition of Mr. GUI , FIE, thanks were then returned to the Chairman, and the meeting separated, after having first given " three cheers for the Repeal of the Union !" , conded the adoption of the address, Viscount Melbourne has issued car d s f or a f u ll d ress din ner to a large party of peers, on the 25th instant, at his offi cial residence in Dowtung-street. STEAM NAVIGATION. THE SCREW PROPELLER v. PADDLE-WHEL Under this head, we find a well penned' article in the fin number of The Bristol Magazine, a small neat literary literature necoute deservedly popular in the _ __ , It may be sur m i se d, th e f ac t s an d arguments add to what may be termed the splendid success of Mr. I Smith's admirable invention tor the propulsion of stt ships, by an entirely new and ingenicius r application cf the Archimedean screw, as recently exhibited in the Archimedes, a vessel, the construction, machinery, and performances of which while she was at this port last year, we noticed at con siderable length, after having accompanied Mr. Smith in his experimental trips on the Mersey. The Archimedes has since performed a number of highly successful voyages, par . .... sessing that perfection in construction whicli experience will enable the inventor to arrive at in vessels to which the screw may be hereafter applied, has dread/ established a reputation which has given pause to those who have hitherto regarded oubtless induce proprietors of new steamers, in the exercise of a wise direction, to weigh well the advantages held out by the screw, as compared with the unwieldy principle which has so long been exclusively ter, and The writer of the article alluded to introduces the subject by some pertinent remarks on the extreme caution with which raise to Mr. lie appear disposed to yield any and the reluctance shewn to-diger track by the builders of nevi stew " As we are all more or less iut same that s t of the A medes and he performances will not be unacc as the writer of this article has hiMself travelled some thou sands of miles by sea-going steamers, and has otherwise had opportunities of acqurring much general nautical informa . . is observations probably w not be thought either " Et/cry one, we believe, on seeing a steam-vessel of the sual construction for the first time, with her huge and'un 3ightly paddle-boxes, is struck with the awkwardness of her protuberances, destroying the otherwis of her proportions, ar beautiful symmetry 'deformity ; and that the ye not in that state of regards her exterior,which the invention will Ultimately admit of : but those only who have been at sea on board such a vessel, in bad weather and head winds, can be conscious of all the evils and inconveni ences attached to them. That in .such cases the paddle- boxes offer considerable resistance to the wind, and propor tionately retard the progress of the vessel, is self-evident ; 'eaks upon frame of the vessel to tremble from end to end? Sor away, carrying With them passengers and cattle;—(many of our readers will remember the case of the Albion off Lundy, about five , years ago ;)—indeed, we have ourself more than once been m storms when a portion of the paddle-boxes was shattered ; and our only surprise has been that the vessel continued to go ahead at all, against the hold which both was even . proposed (and we bel 'e expen Sts were made in co lume from tt but to selves, exclusive of , ower for sto :essity for obtaining a counteracting ping and backing. Among other also was mentioned ; but the diflic t be oh tprovements, the of applying it, and have caused th 1; nor was it without a course of earnest and intense application, a tedious yank of ev rirnents, and a very considerable expenditure of mo- I ney, that Mr. F. P. Smith was enabled eventually to bring his invention before the pui admirable state." &c. of the Archimedes ption of these The build, construction, engines . are thus noticed; but, as we furnished a des( in July last, we pass to the subsequent'remarl " We shall now proceed to point out to our i o we conceive to be the advantages of Mr. Smith's invention over the old plan. For our part, we consider it of very econdary importance, whether it produces, under ordinary an acceleration of speed or not; we have no is, and to an extent which will eventually ap pear very conspicuously ; and we think the clear and able circumstances doubt but it d, of'Whitehaven, published in the Mechanics' Magazinefor October, is conclusive ; but the travelling public will regard this only as one of the minor merits of the screw-propeller. We are of opinion that a steamer, even on the old construc tion, is safer at sea, in all weathers, than an ordinary sail- ing vessel of the same size and trim, as long as the engines and paddle-wheels continue in perfect order, and there are plenty of coals to keep them going ; but when any circum stances occurs to stop the machinery, and render it useless, we have no hesitation in stating that the common steam vessel becomes the most helpless toy that floats upon the le crew and passer . - that moment critical and dangerous. We put it to the cap tains of sea-going steamers themselves, whether, under such circumstances, they could ever gain one point to windward ? and whether, in the event of a gale of wind, the utmost efforts of human ingenuity could get the vessel out of the probably do almost immediately Erin was lost from this eireumstanec It is notori that tt This unfortunate lying in the trough of the sea (as it is nautically terme and was reported off Milford, distance about twenty miles, with signal of distress flying, the wind blowing at the time a gale, at north-west; she must therefore, some hours before she went down, have been within sight of land, with a fair wind, of which no use could be made. " When the Killarney also was disabled, she was some miles to windward of Cork harbour, and drifted all across its mouth, with a fair wind to run in. Even the loss of the William Huskisson, last winter, (certainly that of the re maining passengers) may in a great measure be attributed her complete helplessness, when the rolling lie water from the leak put the fires Out ; as she was sev , distress, before Captain Clegg, with the Hudd to her assistance; whereas,Thetween Liverpool and 'Dublin, a fast sailing vessel, with a stiff breeze, is never above four or five hours' run from a safe harbour, let the wind be which way it will. It was the knowledge of the fact, that the great shocks to which the ordinary machinery is subjected in a heavy sea, are very liable to put the engines out of order, and the great danger to which the vessel would then be exposed, which prevented for twenty years, any attempt to establish a regu lar steam communication with America; and even now, although in such a castle at sea as the Great Western, with such enormous power, and so amply provided with remedies for almost every kind of accident to which she is exposed, one might not feel very apprehensive, as long as the .provi sions continued abundant; yet we question whether, in the event orher engines becominc , effectually damaged, the re nowned Hosken himself would not be very willing to ex change the commandership of this " mighty monarch of the deep," for that of a snug little schooner, of no more than one hundred tons burden, even in the midst of the " broad Atlantic " Now, with respect to the Archimedes, (or any good ves sel similarly appointed,) not only is she safer than an ordi- and much - less likely to have this put out of order than it would be on the old plan, because the strain on it is always nearly equal—but she is also, to all intents and purposes, is, even wt rendered useless, quite as safe as any sailing vessel - u;ould be. With her propeller detached from the engine, (which can be done in one minute,) it has been ascertained that she is as avail ohlv. to "trim to utAndityrnv,l" etc n fact_cailina vsinht! and " when her gaff-foresail came down by the ru Scott in his letter to " she stayed against very handy vessel." apt. Chappell—(vide Report, p. 53) a heavy sea, which proves her to be a "- We confess that to us, this advantage appears immense; it makes all this difference : that, whereas the safety of vessel and passengers, in the former case, depends generally alto gether on the machinery, in the new plan, on the contrary, the machinery is merely an additional 1, which like a studding sail, can be set or taken in at which may, and doe's, add considerably to dui safety Of the enterprise disconcerted, or "vested interests" molested ; but the humblest individual in society has a claim, paramount to 'either, on the consideration of the magistrate. Imme diate interference would, perhaps, be• premature and un just ; -but the public would not be unreasonable in expect ing. that from which it allowed to approact the navy ha so p ge, under tle We hay( aitoi: Ad vessel, but can never, under any circumstanc(s, materially diminish it ; and, had this method been applied in the first instance, there would ; have been no more risk in sending power to America, twenty years ago, than there is now in navigating them to France or to Ireland. steamers o ordinary size and ' When we have been exposed to a heavy cross sea, even in power, we could not hear, - ivithout some degree of nervous ness, the thundering shocks which the engines had constantly to sustain, while, perhaps within a mile to leeward, the sea has been going bodily over the bold rocks of an iron-bound coast, from which nothing could have saved us had our ma chinery given way; but, in a similar situation, in the Ar chimedes, no anxiety need be felt ; the engine would perform its duty with the some steadiness and regularity as before, or, if stopped, the vessel would he perfectly competent to continue her course with scarcely diminished volocity, (wind abeam,) under a press of canvass alone. " It may occur to some of our readers, that, as other steam ers carry sails also, surely they could manage to keep off the land as well as the Archimedes, in the case of damaged ma chinery ; but they will understand us better, when we tell them that, under the circumstances just detailed, the Ar • chimedes, supposing her to be able to carry all sail, would go probably nine miles an hour ; (Captain Chappell states, that " in going from Southampton to Portsmouth, her speed, under sails alone, never was reduced below eight knots, close upon a wind ;) while we may venture to state, that no steam ers, now navigating the British Cha n nel, w ou ld b e able, in such, sucli a case, with the additional drag of her paddle-wheels and boxes, to go above three miles in the sari:clime, which being insufficient to counteract her lee-way, she would in all Drobability drift ashore in less than an hour. " As we have considered this point of distinction the most interesting to society at large, we have dwelt more upon it than we originally intended ; and will now describe more briefly the advantages, in point of convenience, which the screw-propeller possesses over the side-paddle-wheels. The first of these is, in our opinion, the ready obedience of the ' vessel to her helm in turning. Every one who is accustomed to travel by steamers, must have been repeatedly annoyed by the tediousness of getting the vessel into her berth or landing place : even in wide rivers, affording considerable room, the running a-head and backing a-stern are often continued for nearly half an hour, before the shivering and impatient pas senger can put his foot on terra firma. Now, it seems the Archimedes will make a complete round turn in two minutes and a half, and in a circle whose diameteris about twice her own length—a most material consideration; and when we remember the many fatal accidents which have happened, by steamers running into each, other, even when one party has seen and hailed the other in its approach, (as in the case of the Britannia and the Phoenix, so lately.) her great supe— riority in this respect is evidently more than a convenience. Paddle-wheel steamers obey their helms readily enough for ordinary purposes, and the vessel's head may be easily veered a point or two in eith er di rec ti on ; b u t th e y a re incapable of performing a rapid manoeuvre : probably, one of our Irish packets, when running with the full power of her steam, would not accomplish a circle much within the circumference of a mile ; it is impossible to say how much this circumstance may have contributed to the losses of the Water Witch and the City of Bristol: the error, in both cases, was discovered before the vessel struck, and the helm shifted, but not suf ficiently soon to enable them to escape the danger. "The next ground of preference of the Archimedes, is her having no external paddle-wheels, to agitate the water, or to impede the crowded traffic of our river " The great number of accidents, - life, which have happened in the Thames, from th of steam-vessels either coming in contact with wherri _ river -craft, or causing an everpowering swell in the imme diate vicinity of deeply-laden boats, render it somewhat sin gular, that the London authorities generally, and the H umane Society in particular, haveuot hitherto made any public de monstration, in favour of a plan which obviates all the evils of the old system. . attended with loss of dies Ind " A steamer on the Archimedes' plan is neither of greater breadth than a sailing vessel of similar tonnage, nor does she cause a greater swell ; and she is so much the safer in thread ing her way among boats and vessels, from.. it ready obedi ence to the helm in either direction : and it tbe ascert a i ne d, that the business of steam navigation can be done, without tti ,t -pr to the lives of boatmen and ,ne necessity of constant flange. ._ N o w, sir, 1 appea l to you, an d , t h roug h you, to t h e pu bli c , their passengers, in our rivers, it behoves tho se w h ose d uty an d w ill as k y ou an d t h ey, i s th i s i mpart i al conduct ? — is this it is to provide for the public safety, to take measures for the usual etiquette of public meetings I—is it usual for men establishing it on such a footing. We should be sorry to see to request the attendance of the public, and then "deny them the right of eatrassing ward F n:•cs r:.ie!, are brought for- If such is the manner in which public meetings are con ducted, I confess my error : but being convinced that the contrary is the fact, that the humble operative is ever justi fied in opposing any and every measure calculated to injure him and his fellow men, I still consider myself as fully justi fied in proposing amendments to the resolutions which were brought forward by the " League," and r e - ec h oe d b y t h e i r creatures, the spirit of which (it brought into operation) be ing calculated not only to injure materially the working and agricultural classes, but to subvert and destroy the constitu tion of this country. These being the covert objects of the parties who convened that meeting, which I was prepared to prove from their own statements, and as every working man, who has given the subject the slightest consideration, is capable of doing the same, I would earnestly entreat the " Anti-Corn Law League," at the next meeting which they may hold, to can didly avow that the foundation, on which their principles are based, is of such a fragile nature, that they fear to expose it to the view of working men.—l remain, sir, your obedient servant, JOHN PALMER. Franklin Club, January 14th, 18-11 CHINA (Prom the Morning herald.) We have received the following intelligence from a quarter from whence authentic information may safely be expected, as well on account of the locality as of the means which we know the writer possesses for assuring it. But as it varies considerably from all the news recently published concerning China, and as the writer evidently miscalculates the time necessary for the transmission of intelligence from the north of China to Europe (which barely exceeds three months), we publish it with the reservation of not holding ourselves responsible for its perfect accuracy, though in many points the statements, based upon commercial returns, are evidently correct:-- (From a Private Correspondent at Moscow, Dec. 17.) We Moscovites, placed, as we are, in the very centie of Russia, and by means of our commercial relations with Kjachta (or Kbadchta), the utmost point on the frontiers of our eastern possessions, cannot but receive news from China much later in date than those arriving by way of Bombay and Suez. Letters from Pekin arrive at Kjiichta in less than a month, and the mail from Kjiichta is regularly for warded to Moscow in 28 days, so that we are enabled to get news from the capital of that enormous empire, inferior in circumference only to our own, in two months' time, while those arriving by way of India will take from four to five months. Now, our latest intelligence from Kjiichta, dated about the middle of last month, speaks of events tending to impress the whole political and commercial world of Europe with the importance of the Anglo-Indian expedition to those distant countries. The English, having accomplished the occupation of Chusan, had disembarked their troops some where on the coast of China, where they were making rapid progress ; hence the news, rather unauthenticated, that Pekin itself had fallen into the hands of the foreign invaders. One thing we know with certainty, the taking of a Chinese fleet, consisting of 45 junks, live of which had rich cargoes, mostly tea, on hoard; whether on the Peiho or on the Yan- Ke-Kiang river, our correspondent does not write. Procla mations had been profusely distributed among the inhabi tants, in which the English announce their coming, in order to liberate the people from the galling yoke of the Mantchou dynasty,•which is said to be hated by the nation in general. Partial insurrections had broken out in consequence of these proclamations, and the situation of the empire was designated as being very critical. ,This news must be very disastrous for our commercial relations with China. Already the price of tea has been raised to 70 roubles banco per chest of 641bs, and a further advance is expected. In former tinws, the Chinese were accustomed to send their cargoes by sea ; now, for fear of the British, all have been sent by land, so that the transports will arrive in March or April, instead of January, as was formerly the case. Last year more than 100,000 fibroks (chests) of tea were purchased at Kjachta ; this year no more than 40,000 are expected. Our own ma nufactures will not suffer less by this critical state of things. Our cloths and velveteens will lie in the magazines of Kjachta without being asked for. The annual export of Russian broad cloth to China was estimated at more than 40,000 pieces, and the import of tea at 80,000 or 100,000 fibroks a-year. a date to be fixed on, no steamer 7 within four or five miles ction of side paddle-wheels; similar regulation, adapted to loe'al circumstances, Abt not, eventually obtain at all other steam-packet rcised in our own river, delay,) renders accident iere of more rare occurrence; but, commercially speaking, great caution e r need of a substitute for wide-spread on account of the narrowness of our That oar Great Wes should be among the plan, on a magnificent river, and the entrance tb our docks, tern Steam Company, therefore, sca le, will surprise no one who is aware of what they had previously accomplished ; and we cortlially congratulate them on their spirited determination to be the first to sur pass themselves. The same wisdom and sagacity which has ience o 3IS not) invention ; and-their boldly resolving to apply it to a steam 1 of 3000 tons burden, does equal hon)ur to themselves It is no experiment; but a triumph of public spirit and laudable emulation over preconceived notions of excellence and perfectibility--and, as such, we doubt not the public will receive and appreciate it. des' plan may possess ater in favour of its application to vessels of war, cessary for a work such as ours to demon- however, ernment have at length decided on adopting it into dawn of that day, which Mr. F. P. Smith Pnears now to be close at hand. awaited the pleasure of meeting this gentleman, Iny thing more of him personally than of unite with all admirers ly wishing him the ample reward which his talent and perseverance - in conceiving and bring ing to its present state of usefulness the Archimedes' screw propeller, so richly deserve; and we shall be glad if our true light, in any way contribute to this desirable end pretend to no extraordinary penetration.; but we perfectly coincide with the opinion of Rear Admiral the Earl of Dun- donald, that " in three years it will be a matter of wonder how such a barbarous contrivance as paddle-wheels was ever The article concludes with some extracts from the log of :s in April last, which, as we noticed on a for lead to the most gratifying conclusions as re- the Archi►r subsequen ,o Oporto . andlack, in August last, was dv:intages) one of the quickest ever per- formed that, at Liverpool, as well as at Bristol, some spirited indi vidual or company will construct a large vessel on the screw propeller principle, so that it may have a fair and impartial trial out of the Mersey as well as the Avon. The Bristolians took the lead of us in transatlantic steamers on the present system. • Apart from envy, but in the spirit of that fair corn: y the vantage ground, xopulsion, which pre- s regards a ne its so many advantages ANOTHER CHILD POISONED BY THE ADMI NISTERING OF AN OPIATE.-CORONER'S IN QUEST. :ler, oil view_ol pody of a child named J ohn which excited considerable interest in the court, was introduced by an able address from the coroner to the respectable jury empannelled. They had, he said, viewed the body on the previous day, and had ad journed the inquest until that day, in order that they might be put in possession of the opinion of a medical gentleman, after a post mortem examination, as to the cause of death. Before he proceeded to. lay the evidence before them, he should furnish them with an outline of the principal facts as, he believed. they would be stated by the witnesses. The de ceased was between six and seven mouths old, and had al ways, from its birth to the time of its death, been a fine and healthy child, but was latterly restless and cried in the night The father, au oine persons who lode their usual ret in told his wit pose in consequence d in the house, were and the ) procure some sleeping Vauxhall-road, (Mr. Sheldo - n . 's), where she round a young woman and a boy in charge of the business. She asked for a pennyworth of the syrup of poppies ; stated what she wanted it for, and also enquired what quantity should be given. The vim iirr woman enouired the age of the child, and upon being told that it was between six and seven months, directed that half a tea-spoonful should be given, but afterwards " drew back," and said three or four drops. On smelling it, she did not think it was like the syrup of poppies she had been in the habit ot using. She showed it to a lodger, who said it smelt )inion. She MU !ICI 1/1434tassui ♦•. va , wrong, administered three or four drops, and the child fell 'sleep and never again awoke. About eight o'clock next the child, which had never before been ailing, was dead. Such were the facts which he apprehended He concluded by dwelling morning found to evil of dr sts prpscribing so foolisid - y, and e n wickedly, in cases a hick they were not :a to judge of, and that, too, on the mere informa- tiOn of ignorant persons ; and he pointed out the cases in which, if what they so prescribed produced a fatal result, they . adered themselves amenable by the law. The following evidence was then called : Mary Kennedy id—l am the w of James Kennedy, and we live in Sarah Court, Chisenhale-street. The deceased was our son ; he was six months old on Christmas Day last' The deceased was a tine healthy child, but he used to cry at lit, and my husband was notable to get his rest. I went uggist's shop, just round the corner of Chisenhale in Vauxhall-road, for a pennyworth of syrup of pop- DeHein Sheldon was in the shop at the time. She fur tuff in a bottle. I previously told her street, child sleep who was very cross at night, and I told her it was between six and seven months old. She then told me to 'give lialf4-teaspoonful, but drew back and said three or four drops. I then went home and showed the stuff to a person in the house. I then got a tea spoon, and my husband gave three drops to the deceased. I am quite sure there was not more than four drops. The de ceased till asleep in about three-quarters of an hour after, and never wakened. My husband took the bottle which I had got from the druggist's shop, and gave it to the doctor. I did not get the bottle from the druggist's shop, as 1 tnok one with me, but only the contents. The deceased had no ailment of any description whatever., but was cross at night. The father of the deceased corroborated the evidence of the previous witness, and stated that about half-past five on the morning after the drops had been administered he left the deceased and his wife in bed. The deceased was then alive, but breathing very hard and heavily. John Bullock said—l am a surgeon. A little before nine o'clock yesterday morning the first witness brought the de- I examined the child and found he ceased to my surger ceased, and the woman informed me she Shortly afterwards the father It contained half an Ind taste I am quite convinced there was a great quantity of opium in it, but I cannot take upon myself to say what quantity. lam ac quainted with nature of syrup of poppies. I have since had given syrup of poppies I came in with a bottle of the deces made a post mortem examination of the body of the de ceased, I carefully examined the brain, which I found to be much congested, and much overloaded with blood. The stomach and small intestines were much inflamed. lam de- occasioned 1:w In every other respect the body of ;'he child and all the organs were in a perfectly healthy state. I cannot take upon myself to analyze the contents of the bottle. Three drops of syrup_of poppies, made according to the Lqndon Phartnaeopia airection ' would not be an over dose for a child of six or seven months old. The inquest was then adjourned to this day, and will be further adjourned until to-morrow, in order to give suffi cient time for the contents of the bottle to be analyzed. We !e the result in our next CORRESPONDENCE TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, Mr. Taylor, in his late lecture on " English Opera" at the Mechanics' Institution, stated, that the song of " Cease your '' cirrin Pnllir in th. '' 12.arrrrov'e nnPro mom 31y an original composition. I beg to inform him and eaders, that the tune of " Cease your Funning" is an sh air, composed long before the date of the_" Beg- your old Wel gar's Opera.' A WELSHMAN Jan. 1 3th, 1841 --.01110.- " VOLUNVARY CHURCH PRINCIPLE TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD beg to call your attention to the fact that a chapel of " Independents," in Gloucester -street, was closed on Sun last, for want of funds ! The amount requisite I understand, about £5O or £6O ; and for nn the congregation are left to wan `sheep without fold or • shepherd." lembers of Great George-st. Chapel, mtely towards its rebuilding, and of the want of this sinal der wt Where are the weal who subscribed so 1 Everton-crescent Chapel, being th instanceof_the working of the " N ie same sect? This is one voluntary church-support A CHURCHMAN. system."—Yours, &c., — Liverpool, Jan. 6, 18 THE ANTI-CORN LAW LEAGUE AND THEIR IM PARTIAL ADVOCATE, SIR JOSHUA WALMSLEY 1E EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD Actuated by motives which should animate the rcast of every working man, namely, the bettering of his condition, both mentally, morally, and politically, I attended the meeting of the corn law repealers, which was held last evening in the Music-hall, Bold-street. Being well aware (judging from past experience) that 'I should hear repeated the fallacious statements which have from time to time ap peared in the recognized organ of the cotton lords—the Anti-Corn Law Circular-1 put in my pocket a few statisti cal papers and Anti-Corn Law Circulars, to refute the state ments of the " League" and their " hirelings," and to clear ly demonstrate to my working brethren that the advocates of repeal were but throwing the sand of sophistry in their yes, that they might with Creater effect gain their assistance in the advoc !y of a class MCG Having, as I predicted, heard such arguments made use of by (as he is called by the " Lady of Lord-street") the " ar gumentative" and " highly gifted" John Murray, a PAID SERVANT of the " League,' • whose astonishing eloquence destroyed the Cashel school-room ! Sir Joshua Walinsley, a corn-dealer and a friend to " free trade l" Mr. M'lntire, an Irish Protector ! and " last, though not least" that learn ed lawyer, highly intellectual and discriminating personage (in his own opinion) Councillor Rosson! tell the operatives then assembled, that the repeal of the corn laws would raise their wages ;—that to the corn laws might be justly attributed all the evils, and crime, and misery which exist in the Bri tish dominions ;—that a repeal was in itself a universal pa nacea for those crimes and evils ;—that in Ireland wages were low in consequence of bread being dear ; while in Ame rica wages were high in consequence of bread being cheap ! thereby proving (as they stated) that the price of bread regu lated the labour market, and not demand and supply ;—that a repeal would not throw a single acre of land out of cultiva tion;—that we could advantageously compete with the fo reigner, and pay the national debt at the same time!—and the League deserved the best thanks of society in general, and of the working classes in particular, for their—what ? why, their disinterested and impartial conduct ! Having heard these statements, knowing them to be false, and possessing the means of refutation, I demanded a hear ing, when—" start eyes !"—the impartial (?) and disinter ested Sir Joshua Walmsley informed me that he could not, nor would not, allow me to speak unless I was in favour of a repeal of the " corn laws,"—the meeting (as he stated) being convened to advocate that measure. 1 again requested the chairman to obtain a hearing for me, when he replied that he would not comply with my request, and desired me to leave the room. Whatev JOURNAL OF THE MONEY MARKET MONDAY EVENING.—This has been a flat day in the funds, and the Globe's gentleman of the leading article will be surprised no doubt to learn that the prices of Stocks which he " sent up" a few days since with such smirking self-complacency have been " sent down" again to-day with just as much rapidity as they went up. Consols, in spite of Chinese triumphs and Indian victories declined to-day to 891 to-1. Bank Stock 163 i to Exchequer Bills 9s to Ils premium.—ln Foreign Securities there has been little doing. Spanish Active with the Coupons were 2 - Ig. Portu guese Five per Cents 31i to 4-, the Three per Cents 191 to 201. Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents 50} to , the Five per Cents 981 to Belgian 971 to Bi. Brazilian NI to Mexican 28-ito 9. Colombian 231 to 4. Danish 77i to Bi. TUESD AIEVEN IN G.—The Stock market continues heavy, and a decline may again be noted in Consols, which left oil only 891 to 4 for money and account. Exchequer Bills were 9s. to lls. premium. Bank Stock is still in demand, and improved to 1644 to 54. The Foreign market remains in an inactive state. Spanish Active with the Coupons 241 to I. Portuguese Five per Cents 311 to 21, the Three per Cents 191 to 20/. Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents 501 to 4, the Five per Cents 984 to 1. Belgian 974 to Bi. Brazilian 704 to 14. Mexican 284 to 1. Colombian 234 to 1. London and Birmingham Railway Shares were 81 to 3, Great Western 27 to 8, the Half Shares 12 to 13, Gosport 6 to 7 premium. South Western 57 to 8 per share. North Midland 22 to 20 discount, the New Shares 2 discount to par. Eastern Counties 1.15 to 131, South Eastern and Dover 15 to 145, Blackwell 45 to 31, Brighton 61 to 5 discount. WEDNESDAY Evy.mstG.—Without any very great deal of business having been transacted, the English funds assumed more firmness, and a slight advance took place. Consols for money and the accoant, closed 891 to 4 ; Bank Stock, 164 to 166; India Stock, 248 t0'250; 3 per Cents. Reduced, 894; 3 5 5 per Cents. Reduced, 985; Long Annuities (expiring Jan. 5, 1860), 13 1-16th ; ditto 30 years (expiring Jan. 5, 1(.130), 12 13-16ths ; India Bonds, G to:.B.discount and Exchequer Bills (Is. lower than yesterday), Bs. to 10s. premium. The foreign securities have not been influenced in any way, and with a trifling amount of business remain as yes terday. Spanish Actives left off 245 to ; Portuguese 5 per Cents., 311 to 21; ditto 3 per Cents., 191 to 205 ex. div. ; Dutch 25 per Cents., 505 to -4 ; ditto 5 per Cents., 985 to 1; Mexican, 285 to 1; Colombian, 234 to 1; Danish, i 74 to 785 ; and Belgian, 97 to 8&. Railway shares have not recovered the late decline, al though the bargains transacted to-day were at rather better prices. Blackwell shares closed at 4 to 35 discount; Brighton, 51 to discount; Birmingham 81 to 83 prem. ; Great Western, 29 to 30 premium ; South Western, 574 to 85 per share ; North Midland, 21 to 19 discount ; ditto new shares, par to 1 premium ; and Gosport, 65 to 7-5 prem. THE COURT, WINDSOR, MONDAY.—The Queen and her Royal Highnes4 the Duchess of Kent were prevented from taking their accus tomed airing to-day, in consequence of the bad state of the roads, occasioned by the rapid thaw. His Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by Colonel Bouverie, Lord Alfred Paget, and Dr. Pretorius, coursed in the Home Park this morning. _ _ The Rev. Dr. Short and Sir James Clark took their de partures this morning. The following personages arrived at the castle, this even ing, on a visit to her Majesty :—His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge, Viscount and Viscountess Palmer ston, Lady Fanny Cowper, and the Earl of Erroll. In addition to the above arrivals, the royal dinner party, this evening, will include the Earl of Uxbridge. WINDSOR, TUESDAY.—Her Majesty and his Royal High ness Prince Albert walked out on the terrace this morning. In the afternoon the Queen rode out in a pony phaeton driven by Prince Albert. Her Majesty and the prince were accompanied by the Duchess of Bedford, Admiral Sir R. Otway, Earl of Fingal, and Col. Bouverie, who also rode in pony phaetons. His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge con tinues his visit. His royal highness walked out in the Qua drangle this afternoon, accompanied by Lord Alfred Paget. Sir James Clark, who arrived at the castle this afternoon, will be the only addition to the royal dinner party. WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—His Royal Highness Prince Albert, and his Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge, went this morning on a shooting excursion, attended by Lord Alfred Paget, Colonel Bouverie, and Mr. G. E. Anson. Sir James Clark left the Castle this morning. Her Majesty and the Duchess of Kent have not left the Castle today, but are both in perfect health, as is the Prin cess Royal. His highness Prince Esterhazy and Viscount Duncannon are expected to arrive at the Castle this evening, on a visit to the Queen. The conservative cause never presented a more favourable aspect in the city of Canterbury than at the present moment. This is proved, alike by the canvass of the Honourable Mr. Smythe, and his rival, Mr. Henniker Wilson.—Kentish Ga zette. The capital of the Bank of Ireland is three millions, and their circulation and deposits double that. The Bank dis counts two millions and a half in the year, and could with safety do much more. CHURCH RATES.—IMPORTANT FACT.—It was stated in the House of Commons, two years ago, that nineteen twentieths of the church-rates were paid by churchmen. The whole amount for that year was estimated at £600,000, of which £570,000 was paid by churchmen, and £30,000 by dis senters. In the same year the sum of 1:25,000 was voted by parliament to dissenting teachers ; and a further sum of £24,000 towards the erection of dissenting meeting houses, and the popish college at Maynooth. Out of these two last sums the churchmen paid seven-eighths, or £13,000; there fore churchmen are actually paying £13,000 more in one year towards the cause of dissent, than dissenters are paying to wards the Established Church. The first number of a newspaper, professing to advocate the interests of the West Indies, appeared in London on the 2d instant, under the formidable title of " The Alligator." CORK FOR FISHERMEN.—The Lords of the Treasury have signified their opinion that cork, cut into small pieces of from three to five inches square, with a hole in the centre, for the purpose of being used as floats for fishing nets, and not to be manufactured into corks for bottles, &c., may be admitted into this country at the lower rate of duty, namely, 20 per cent. ad valorem. Go—GoING—GoNt ! BY NIMROD.—The going to the post-office—what a nerve-trying act on certain occasions ! For example, how awful is the answer of " Nothing for you, sir," to a man whohas not a shilling in his house, in a foreign country, and this repeated every day for a week ; or, which is nearly as bad, should there be something—viz. a lawyer's letter, which attracts the eye by its peculiarly ungentleman likesuperscription. This last-named document, however, on one occasion stood my friend. The decease of a distant rela tion was announced to me by the family solicitor, in a letter which I found at the post-office ; but guessing otherwise of the contents from its lawyer-like appearance, I put it into my pocket, and did not open it for at least a period of two months. But in what was I benefited? Why the fact was, the " distant relation" was a Welsh nobleman, and I was thus saved the expense of a suit of mourning for every man, woman, and child, in and about my house, which assuredly would have been ordered on the following day.—Fraser f s Magazine for January. _ . _ UPRIGHT SEATS IN CHURCH Es.—Very many of the class of patients who are during the week engaged in some occu pation employing most of their time (says Dr. Robertson, in a new work on Spinal Disease), have assured me that they could not attend church on Sunday, from the pain and fa tigue they experienced there ; but were obliged to lie in bed the greater part of that day, to . recover from the fatigues of the preceding week, and to enable them to bear those of that to come. The absurd upright position of the this. backs Wereof seats t c o l f iurclies they could in most of our churches is eads o , n ii e nn c u a n u iea s z e y a of much comfort re now to amkainngy, it would juirleYd t binne c oc o ti n mioi s la t el a ddy n e backwar d s , ' t beanPd attendees dinu deteuepon church, but would enables ma at ny to attend there who at present cannot remain so long, in the all but upright poistion without a continued sensation of fatiguejand pain, followed by difficulty of breathing, swel ling in the th roa t, beating of t he heart, ringing in the ears,. giddiness, and ultimately fainting.