The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-03-26 00:00:00

, 04 \ I • . • N.b4- ter\ \' ` -N , # I kNo aft ~ ~~ %XV \ 14 41714 I • " it \\,‘ ‘ 44 Vt4•4lfrio, SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. t Llttratart. POETRY. THE CROWDED STREET. ,How fast the flitting figures come I The mild, the fierce, the stony face ! Some bright with thoughtless smiles. and some Where secret tears have left their trace. They pas•—to toil, to strife, to rest ; To halls in which the feast is spread; To chambers where the funeral guest In silence sits beside the dead. And some to happy homes repair, Where children, pressing cheek to cheek, With mute caresses still declare The tenderness they cannot speak. And some, who walk in calmne"s here, Shall shudder as they reach the door 'Where one, who made their dwelling dear— Its Sowers, its light—is seen no more. Youth, with pale check and slender frame, And dreams of greatness in thine eyes! Goest thou to build an early name ? Or early in thy to ks to die ? Keen son of trade, with eager brow Who now is fluttering in thy snare ) Thy golden fortunes—tower they now, Or melt: the glittering shade in air. Who of this crowd, to-night shell tread The dance till daylight gleams again ? Who sorrow o'er the untimely dead, Who writhe, themselves. in mortal pain I Some. famine-struck, shall think how long The cold dark hours !—how slow the light ! And some, who flaunt amid the throng, Shall hide in dens of shame to-night. Each wh' re his tasks or pleasures call, They pass and hied each other not : There is who heeds, who holds them all In His large love and boundless thought. These straggling tides of life, that seem In shifting, aimless course to tend, Are eddies of the m'ghty stream That rolls to its predestined end. NOTICES. SELECTIONS. AIEMOIR OF RICHARD OASTLER. (From the Illustrated London Nem) DY WILLIAM CULLAN BRYAN, AN AMERICAN POET. Let me move slowly through the street. Filled with an ever-shifting train, Amid the sound of steps, that beat The murmuring walks like autumn rain. The Law relating to Simony considered, with a view to its Revision. By William Forsyth, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law, &c. London Saunders and Kenning, 43, Fleet-street, and Hatchard and Son, Piccadilly. The question which is here started by Mr. Forsyth is one which it is of great importance to the interests of the church to have placed upon some satisfactory footing. A law so penal in its character as that relating to simony should be clear and practically just—neither capable of being evaded by the unconscientious—neither containing pitfalls for the unwary—nor shadows, which the unscru iSulous and worldly overlook, but which are regarded as substances by men of tender conscience. Such, it has long been felt, has not been the case with the existing law ; and it contains many inconsistencies, and demands imperatively the correcting hand of the legislature. Mr. Forsyth, in the pamphlet before us, shows that the crime of simony has undergone a very material change in its character since the time of the Apostles and its being legislated against in the early ages of the church. Simon Magus sought to purchase a supernatural gift, " that on whomsoever he laid hands he. might re ceive the Holy Ghost." But when the age of miracles was passed, the nearest approach to the crime which brought down on Simon Magus the anger of the Apostles would be an attempt to purchase admission into the num ber Of the Christia” priesthood ; and as this was effected by the imposition of hands by the bishop, and in corrupt times might be extensively practised, the ecclesiastical la, extended the term simony beyond its original sense, to embrace such practices. In the twelfth century, it was further extended to the case of preferments after or dination—churches, benefices, and dignities being for bidden to be " in any wise bought and sold." Such were the regulations of ecclesiastical law up to the time of Elizabeth, when the first statute was passed upon the subject, which brought the crime of simony under the jurisdiction of the law courts. This statute indicates six cases or species of simony— " lst.—The taking of any money, fee, or reward, as a consideration fir voting in a college election, or in that of any spiritual E•ody corporate. "2d.—The taking of any money or other benefit to resign any fellowship or other place in such a body. "3d.—The presenting or bestowing of beneficeswith cure of souls for money or reward. "4th.—Admissions, institutions, or collations, for money or reward. " sth.—Corrupt resignations, or exchanges of benefices with cure of souls. " Gth.—The taking of any money (beyond the ordinary and lawful fees) to procure the ordaining or making of any minister, or to procure the giving of any orders or license to preach." reign Anne ts l ea f tkire Ail Anne, BUq ; tre tal to the case of the Dean of York, which reviewed the sub ject and showed the doubtful character of the old law, the 3d and 4th of Victoria placed it in its present state. Mr. Forsyth, we think, very clearly shows the unequal operation of this combined with preceding statutes, and instances many cases of such unequal operation and some anomalies which he contends ought to be taken away. The right, for instance, of a patron, when a living is va cant, to convey away the inheritance of the advowson, so as to confer upon another the right to all the further presentation, he maintains is inconsistent with the law's refusal to allow him to sell, or any one to buy the vacant right to present. Again it is inconsistent with the per mission to sell a vacant advowson, when permission is denied to sell if the incumbent is alive, although in articulo morbis. It is inconsistent that a spiritual person may not purchase a next presentation for himself, when he is allowed to purchase the advowson in fee, and so pre sent himself on the next vacancy. Again the distinction between Simoniaci and Simoniace promoti, which in volves the question of the cognizance of the party pro moted, is one which he maintains is calculated to lead to subterfuge and the suspicion of perjury for the evasion of penalties. Mr. Forsyth proposes some regulations for the simpli fication and proper adjustment of the law to the circum stances of the present age. His leading object, however, in which we trust be will succeed, is to call the attention of the church and the legislature to the whole subject, leaving them to settle the points which he has mooted — and which, being here placed before the public by Mr. Forsyth in a very clear and able manner, we strongly re commend to the serious consideration of the clergy and our readers in general. Richard Oastler was born in St. Peter's-square, Leeds, on the 20th of December, 1789. He was the son of Robert Oastler—the youngest of eight children. His grandfather lived and died upon the paternal estate, at Moorhouse, Kirby Wiske, in the North-Riding of Yorkshire. His forefathers and the forefathers of the present Earl of Harewood were substantial yeomen, occupying neighbouring farms, and connected by busi ness, friendship, and congenial disposition, for many generations. n early life Robert Oastler formed an intimacy with the celebrated John Wesley, while under the fostering care of his uncle John Oastler, at Thirsk ' • and this in timacy afterwards ripened into such close friendship, that Robert Oastler's house was Wesley's home when ever the latter visited the town or neighbourhood of Thirsk in the prosecution of his missionary labours. In process of time Robert Oastler removed with his family to Leeds ; and it is worthy of remark that the venerable Wesley, on the last visit he paid to that put of York shire, and very shortly before his death, took the little Richard up in his arms and solemnly and affectionately blessed him. Mr. Oastler's father for many years followed the busi ness of a cloth-merchant in Leeds, and most actively exerted himself in the cause of charity and local im provement. His mother was the daughter of Mr. J. Starr, a member of an ancient and honourable family, and a woman of great hut unoAentatious piety. At eight years -of age, Richard, the subject of this sketch, was sent for education to Fulneck, near Leeds, the celebrated Moravian establishment; where, until he was sixteen, his mind was stored with useful knowledge; hut more particularly was he taught the importance of religion, and the inestimable value of the Christian du ties and virtues. At seventeen, Mr. Oastler entertained a strong desire to he allowed to prepare himself for the bar, but his father's wishes were in the direction of trade. Subsequently a kind of compromise took place : he was articled to Mr. C. Watson; an eminent architect, then of Wakefield, afterwards of York ; but this profession, after following it four years, he was obliged to relinquish on account of weak sight. Fle then turned to business as a commission-agent. In 1816 he married iliss Mary Tatham, a member of a highly respected Nottingham family. In the month of July, 1820, Mr, Oastler's father died, then holding the situation of steward to Thomas Thorn bill, Esq., the owner of large estates in the West-Ridin g . The vacant post, without solicitation, was off ere d to t h e son, who accepted it, and removed from Leeds to Fixby Hall. From the time that Mr. Oastler first gave his atten tion to politics to the present hour, he has been a zealous Church and King Tory, free, however, from the slight est taint of intolerance or uncharitableness ; and so earl). as 1807 he actively engaged in:the support of Wilber force and Lascelles, and warmly advocated ne gro maim: mission and the suppression of the slave -trade. Mr. Oastler holds that the State should provid e for the proper celebration of public worship, and give the means of Christian education to the mass of the p eop l e. But lie is severe in his estimate of clerical duty. H e tolerates no yielding in this respect to power, worldli ness, or expediency. He was, therefore, strongly op posed to " Catholic Emancipation," for religious rea sons, as well as on political grounds. His notions of what he expects from the Church may be gathered from two of his works, " Vicarial Tithes," and " A Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury." These spirited pro ductions came forth in aid of a Memorable struggle be tween the parish of Halifax and its vicar, respecting small tithes ; in which contest the parish prevailed, and by the issue of which Mr. Thornhill's Yorkshire estates were benefited to the amount of from £15,000 to £lB,OOO. _ . Mr. Oastler's philanthropy did not begin abroad, and end before it arrived at home. In 1829 his attention was first attracted to the rigour of the factory system, and the sufferings of the poor factory children. He be gan by calling public attention to the subject in the local newspapers. At first his statements were received by the public generally as " exaggerations," "impossibili ties," and by the great body of the mill-owners with that bitterness of hostility which invaded interests too often prompts. Mr. J. Wood, of Bradford, however, stepped forward to his assistance, though himself an extensive mill-owner, and afforded the powerful aid of his prac tical knowledge and his purse. Oastler had rushed into the truly holy war single-handed, and alike courageously and ably maintained the fight ; but backed, first by Mr. Wood, and afterwards by the lamented Michael Thomas Sadler (whom he had known from boyhood), the " fac tory agitation," as it was called, spread rapidly over the woollen and cotton districts ; committees were consti tuted, and meetings were held, to whom Mr. Oastler and Mr. Sadler addressed spirit-stirring speeches, and Mr. Sadler soon had the honour of piloting the question into the House of Commons, where he succeeded in ob taining a parliamentary inquiry, and afterwards brought forward (founded upon the evidence and report) the Ten Hour Bill. The Whig ministers then in power found themselves compelled, as it were, by public opinion, to take the matter up ; and, though Sadler lived not to see it, a Factory Protection Bill was passed—vastly short, indeed, of the requirements of the case ; yet this enact ment, imperfect as it is, besides doing much good at home, has served as the model of laws for factory regu lation in France, Germany, and the United States of America. This act, which gave rise to the ameliora tions in other branches of labour obtained by Lord Ash ley, is now about to undergo revision. It cannot be a matter of surprise that Mr. Oastler declared himself a strenuous opponent of the New Poor Law the moment that its character and objects became known. In one of his earliest letters on this subject, he predicted all that has since taken place. In 1834, he said, " Never was there such a libel on Englishmen as this poor law—this Malthusian act—which is framed on the presumption that the labourers of England are idle, and will not work, and that they deserve to be pined to death, or banished from their native soil.' " His movement against the New Poor Law, however, made him an enemy in a quarter where he had hitherto found approbation—Mr. Thornhill. That gentleman had encouraged Mr. Oastler in his factory agitation, but looked with far other feelings upon the poor-law agita tion. Mr. Thornhill, at first, i satisfied himself with ex pressing his disapprobation n advice ; from advice he advanced to command ; and Mr. Oastler's prompt, but respectfully worded reply was, that be could give up his situation, but not his principles and sense of public duty. • • • In 1838 he quitted his favourite Fixby, where he had resided, as his father's successor, upwards of eighteen years. The day of departure was a memo rable one ; he was escorted by at least twenty thousand persons, who accompanied him into Huddersfield, and there he took leave of his friends in a long and heart melting speech, but iu which, though delivered under circumstances of great irritation, and not a little wrong, there was not one word derogatory to Mr. Thornhill's character or motives. • * * _ _ This was the origin of the Fleet Papers, which, for more than two years, consisted of a weekly epistle, on public matters, inscribed to Thomas Thornhill, Esq., and when the prisoners in the Fleet were removed under the new act to the Queen's Prison, the weekly letter was addressed to Sir James Graham, the Home Secretary of State, and sometimes, under the fee'ing that wrong had been inflicted, the strain was rather that of a harsh trumpet than the " soft pleadings " of the lute. [Our contemporary then details the steps taken to forward the subscription for Mr. Oastler's release, but these have recently appeared in our columns.] Mr. Oastler is a voluminous writer, as well as a copi ous speaker. Besides the Fleet Papers (now in the 4th vol., 8vo.), and innumerable letters in various public journals, some of them partaking of the character of treatises, he is the author of " Letters to the Duke of Wellington," " Facts and Plain Words," " The Right of the Poor to Liberty and Life," &c. He is no meta physician—no rhetorical flourisher ; but for a statement of facts, an array of bold impressive truths, an appeal to the warm and genuine feelings of unsophisticated nature, and a broadside upon the strongholds of selfishness or hypocrisy, he is rarely equalled. Mr. Oastler, however, has come out of prison deeply impressed with the inuti lity and impropriety of mixing up with public discussion anything like personal vituperation, and, henceforth, though inflexible in his adherence to principles, he is resolved not to enter &f e ri a personal quarrels of any kind liC76l's - der's labou ' r - s - in:neVought him in close fellowship with men of rank and talent, and with most of them he is .on terms of familiar friendship. Twice has he contested the borough of Huddersfield ; the first time with Mr. Ellis, jun., when he lost by 50 only ; the second time with the late Mr. Blackburne, barrister-at law, when he was in the still smaller minority of 21. It has been said in some of the journals that he did this under the patronage of Mr. Thornhill. The fact is otherwise. In coming forward he obeyed the call of the Conservative and independent electors. The Ramsden family possess the entire soil on which the lowa stands, with a very slight exception, and it was in spite of that overwhelming influence that he so nearly succeeded ; no other man could have come within 150. It is generally supposed that many months will not elapse ere Richard Oastler take a seat in the House of Commons for one of the boroughs where the success of an election mainly depends upon the industricius classes. BANKRUPTCY EXTRAORDINARY. [The usual reporters were unfortunately absent when this case was heard. The following report from Punch may, however, be relied on :—] The bankrupt, Felix Cool, was opposed by a learned barrister on behalf of several creditors. The debts were very unimportant to every one but the creditors, amount ing only to a few thousand pounds ; still the assets were of that nature that the time of the assignees would not be wasted in collecting them. Sir C. F. Williams said this was so far favourable to the bankrupt, for he had evidently set an example of punctuality in receiving all he earned, though, in paying all he owed, the same business-like exactitude had, un fortunately, not been exhibited. There was one thing, however, that he (Sir C. F. Williams) would take the liberty of asking the bankrupt—namely, how he came to get so much into debt in so short a period P The bankrupt replied, that he had gone on as fair a system as he could. Foi instance, he wanted goods, and asked for them, and got them. The tradesmen then wanted the money, and asked for it, and did not get it ; that was all the difference. (Laughter, in which the Commissioner joined.) Sir C. F. Williams admitted that there was a good deal of truth in that, but he saw that the bankrupt had been to Margate with a very large sum of money—what had become of that ? The Bankrupt.—That's exactly what I want to know. (A laugh.) All I know is, that I went, and the money went. I came back again, and I should be very glad to see the money come back again also. (Laughter.) Sir C. F. Williams.—That seems to me a fair and straightforward wish on the part of the bankrupt. He would like to see the money back again—probably to di vide it amongst his creditors. I really don't see what more he could do, if he had the money now in his pocket. My only wish is to see justice done. A Creditor.— Yes, that's all very fine; but we are done as wee as justice. (Cries of " 'Hear.") Sir C. Williams.—Silence ! I sit here as a judge, and if those interruptions are to take place, I will have the court cleared. (To the bankrupt.)—Here are some items I cannot understand. What became of all the money you earned in the last year P The Bankrupt.—That's what puzzles me. Some of it went this way, and some that way, and some the other. A Creditor.—No ne o f it seems t o h ave come thi s way . (A laugh.) Sir C. F. Williams.—That laughter is very indecent, and I will certainly protect the feelings of the bankrupt as well as my own dignity. (To the bankrupt )—I see an item for keeping a carriage. Pray can you favour us with an explanation of that? The Bankrupt. —ln the first place a carriage is cheaper. It takes you where you like, when you like, and bow you like. It puts you down, takes you up, drives you on, carries you off, whisks you round, and brings you home in no time. Sir C. F. Williams.—That's very true. But how is it cheaper than a cab or an omnibus P The Bankrupt.—Why, clearly, it must be cheaper. If you get into a cab or an omnibus, you must dip into your ready money. You exhaust your capital, you cripple your means, and empty your pockets ; so that the pockets of your creditors naturally suffer in the end. But if you have a private carriage, your account, as well as your car riage, will keep running on. (A laugh.) Sir C. F. Williams (smiling).—That is true to a certain extent. But what do you propose to do now P The Bankrupt.—My income has hitherto been so much —say so much in round numbers. Suppose it to he as much again as half. I have no objection to pay over to my creditors that portion of it which I can do without — say the half, and I will keep the as much again, that is to say; it shall be proportioned into two. I will take the as much again as half, and the remainder my creditors are welcome to. _ . Sir C. F. Wilhams.—This seems very fair. (To the bankrupt)—l don't think you can do more. The Bankrupt. —We have been doing all we could for some time, I can assure you. We only want to be set upon our legs again. It is really bad enough to owe the money, and no t to h ave i t; b ut to b e l ecture d a b ou t it into the bar ga i n i s rat h er too hard. Sir C. F. Williams.—But why did you go away from your creditors ? The Bankrupt.—What was the use o staying with them ? We are blamed for going to our creditors at all ; and now- we are blamed for not going to them, when we really could do them no good—for we, of course, could not pay them. So we went to Margate, intending to settle with everybody. Sir C. F. Williams.—A very good intention. But pray how was it to be carried out ? The Bankrupt.—We had not time to think of .that. I told one of my principal creditors, some months ago, that I would if I could, but I couldn't. If I could, it is possi ble now I should ; and hereafter I will if I can—but that depends on circumstances. I mean, of course. my own circumstances. Sir C. F. Williams hoped it would be so. He (Sir C. F. Williams) would be glad to see the bankrupt begin the world again. A Creditor. --Hadn't he better begin at the other end ? for if be begins in the old way, there will be little good result from it. (A laugh.) Sir C. F. Williams thought this a very unfair observa tion ; and, after a few encouraging remarks to the bank rupt, the inquiry terminated. ANECDOTE OF THE LATE MR. CONSTABLE.—John Varley offered him a little drawing for sale. "He told me," says Constable, " how to do landscape, and was so kind as to point out all my defects; the price of the drawing was a guinea and a half to a gentleman, and a guinea only to an artist, but I insisted on his taking the larger sum, as he had clearly proved to me I was no artist 7" CHINA A TIIOUSUND YEARS AGO.French journal states, that " there has lately been pla t in the princi ple gallery of the collection of MMS. at Paris an in scription in the Chinese and Syriac languages, of the date of 781. showing the arrival of Syriac missionaries, and the propagation of Christianity in China in the seventh and eighth centuries. The inscription was found in 1825 in a city of China." STOICISM.—Heaven forbid that any process of philoso phy were capable so to sever and indurate our feelings that nothing should agitate them but what arose instantly and immediately out of our selfish interests ! I would as soon wish my hand to be as callous as horn, that it might escape an occasional cut or scratch, as I would be ambitious of the stoicism which should render my heart like a piece of the nether millstone.—Sir Walter Scott. MEMORY OF BEES.—I was living in a town where I knew some few bees were kept, and I chanced to have some coarse comb, from which thehoney had been drained; so, instead of being greedy, and squeezing out all I could I determined to give a feed all round to such bees as chose to accept my invitation to dinner. This invitation I gave by opening the window, and setting the honey on the sill. In about half an hour some foragers found it out ; they helped themselves, and carried back the good news to the sisters in the hive. In the course of the morning my room literally swarmed with bees, and I need not tell you, as they are grateful creatures, that they did not meddle with me, but, as I sat at my books, repaid me for my treat with their sweet music. In the afternoon they were sat isfied, at least for the day', and dropped off, one by one, without committing any excess. There is nothing strange in all this ; but now comes the wonderful part of the story : I, myself, got up next morning, some time before bees are usually stirring, and, as I went to my window (it was in September) to see the first rays of the sun in the eastern sky, I was much surprised, and not a little delighted, to see a number of bees, who had remembered and been grateful for their dinner the day before, waiting for me to let them into a similar breakfast. As some of the honey was left, you cannot doubt but that I complied with their wish, which was clear enough to me, though they had no tongue to express it. I opened the window ; the room was soon filled; they cleared the combs of honey, and then went orderly away. They haunted my windows for several mornings after, though I had no more honey to give them. This, I think, is a pretty strong instance of memory in bees.—Cotton's Bee-Book. THE ROYAL FAMILY AT THE CORTES.—Shortly after twelve o'clock the peers and commoners, mustering in tolerably large numbers, took their seats, a solitary bishop occupying one of the back benches ; and two deputations one to receive the queen, and the other the infanta—left the house. In a few moments-the latter deputation again made their appearance in the house ; and the Infanta Dona Maria Louisa Fernanda was seen in front of the tribune prepared for her royal highness, robed in white and gold, and beaming with beauty and innocence. The hum of conversation was hushed as her presence was an nounced, and an involuntary murmur of admiration fol lowed. She appeared as it were to realise those images of beauty and splendour with which the imagination of youth peoples the realms of fairy land. Although then little more than eleven years of age, she seemed to be moulded in beauty's fairest form ' • and, with the grace. fulness and simplicity of childhood, she smiled familiarly on all she knew around her, curtseying with exquisite grace, and looking eagerly from time to time towards the tribune over her head, where her attendants were, to ex change a friendly smile. The curiosity to see the princess was scarcely gratified, before the young queen herself, ac companied by the regent Espartero, and followed by the officers of the household, made her appearance. She is by no means so beautiful as the infanta, but is much fairer ; her figure is also good, and her neck and arms worthy of a sculptor's study ; and, although at that time no more twelve years and six months old, she seemed already to have sprung into womannoon. She was robed in white satin, waved with flowers of delicate tints, and wore a diadem of silver richly spangled with diamonds—the great golden crown having been placed on a table near the throne. Her train, which was of deep green velvet, lined with ermine, was borne by an officer of the house hold ; and Madame Mina, the royal camarera and gover nance, walked behind her majesty, dressed in the plain costume of a Spanish lady. It was pleasing to see the fair young queen, as soon as she entered, look earnestly around for her sister, whom perhaps the preparations for the ceremony had prevented her seeing before on that day: she was the only relative of all her royal race that was there : and, as soon as their eyes met, the undisguised pleasure of children and of sisters could be observed in both. " How lovely the two royal orphans are !" ob served a lady who sat near me. The queen walked with dignity to the throne ; but the manner in which she ac knowledged the salutations of the peers was neither graceful nor corteous ; and, in general, the abruptness and impatience displayed in her movements contrast strongly with the natural grace of the young infanta.— Haverty's 'Wanderings in Spain. VARIETIES. A PRETTY COMPLIMENT.—" Albert," said ber Ma jesty the other day, " do you ever recal our visit last year to Treport, with pleasure?" "Of course, my love," re plied his Royal Highness, " for I can never think of Treport without thinking of Eu." There can be no doubt that communion-tables were moveable and were moved, according to the Rubric; and sometimes they were made with wheels for that very pur pose. The curious old communion-table in St. Dunstan's Church, in Canterbury, had wheels, which have been taken away within the last twelve months.—Kent Gazette. NEVER TOO LATE TO LEARN.—Sir Henry Spel,nan neglected the sciences in his youth, but cultivated them at fifty years of age, and produced good fruit. His early years were chiefly passed in farming, which greatly diverted him from his studies ; but a remarkable disappointment respecting a contested estate disgusted him with these rustic occupations. Resolved to attach himself to regu lar studies and literary society, he sold his farms, and be. came the most learned antiquary and lawyer. A LUCKY CONVICT.—George Maddon, who was con victed at York March Assizes, 1831, for the robbery of the Doncaster Betting Rooms, is living at a place called Austen's Ferry, eleven miles from Hobart Town, and is married to a young woman long settled in the colony, worth £5OO a year, having got his freedom when only two years in the country, for finding of the mail bags. He runs his carriage and a pair of horses.—Extract of a letter from Wide Bap River, dated 28th lllay, 1843. TIIE LONDON PERIODICALS.—There are 420 periodi cals (from the two and six penny's to the pennies) pub lished each month in London. On the average, five die each month and about the same number are born. A circulation of 3,000 just pays the expense of a three half penny affair which has no cuts and no paid contributors. The Family Herald circulates 20,000 numbers, and just pays itself at ld. per number. Punch sells 25,000 at 3d. per number. It gives £5O a week clear to the publishers, who are also the proprietors. REFINEMENT OF LANGUAGE.—In parliament you must not call many things by their right names. A knav ish dunce may be " the honourable and learned gentld man ;" the House of Lords is " another place ;" and newspapers are not newspapers, but the " orinary channels of information" (as Lord Normanby termed them on Friday week.) How would this do in private life ? Tell your servant to" take five of the largest copper par ticles of the circulating medium, proceed to another place, and procure an ordinary channel of information." What would he bring ? SCRAPS FROM THE CENSUS RETURNS.—There is a child in Monmouth called after all the Chartist leaders. There are three hamlets lying contiguous to each other in Devonshire, called respectively Heaven, Dell, and Pur gatory. The population in each is returned—that of Hell predominates. One man, returned as having slept in a barn in Cheshire, on the night of June G, 1841, has the following significant remark of the enumerator at the bottom of the page :—" Supposed to have been paying his addresses to a young woman in the neighbourhood.' PADDYS' EXPEDIENT FOR REDUCING A FINE.—An Irish weaver, just imported from the sister isle, took to his employer in Kilmarnock, the other day, the first cloth he had woven since his arrival. His employer detected in the cloth two holes, within half an inch of each other, and toll him he must pay a fine of a shilling for a hole. " And plaze ye, " returned Pat, " is it by the number of holes, to be sure. " " And a big hole and a small one is the same price? " " Yes a shilling for each hole, big or little. " " Then give me a hould of the piece, " replied Paddy ; and getting the cloth in his hands, he tore the two holes into one, and exclaimed, " by the hill of Howtb, and that saves me one stilling, any how! RATES OF MORTALITY.—From a recent report of the Registar-General, it appears that 100,000 children born alive, 87.771 are living at the end of the first year in Sur rey, 83,734 in London, and only 74,710 in Liverpool. That is to say-13,220 die in the first year in Surrey, 12, 266 die in London , and no less than 25,290, or fully one-fourth-part, die in Liverpool. At the end of five years 79,199, or nearly four-fifths, survive in. Surrey, 68,329, or fully two-Thirds, survive in London, while in Liverpool the 100,000 is already reduced to 52,198. or little more than the half of the original number. At the age of fifty more than one half survive in Surrey, two-fifths survive in London, and. only about one-fourth survive in Liverpool. The difference is surprisingly great. INCORPORATED SOCIETY FOR BUILDING, &c., CHURCHES AND CHAPELS. A meeting of this society was held on Monday last, at their chambers in Martin's-place, Trafalgar s'quare. The Chairman of the sub-committees having made their respective reports, the meeting proceeded to investigate the cases referred to their consideration, and eventually voted assistance to the amount of £3130 towards the erection of seven additional churches or chapels ; the rebuilding with enlarge ment of three existing churches, and the extension of the accommodation in eight of the other existing churches. The situations where the additional places of wor ship are to be erected are the following :—Lower Cam, Gloucestershire ; Brackmoor, parish of King's Winford, Staffordshire; Llanguic, Glamorganshire ; New Radford, near Nottingham; Mosley, in the township of Congleton, Cheshire; Hazlewood, in the parish of Driffield, Derbyshire; and at Little Metros, near Tetsworth. The churches to be rebuilt are the Westmeon, Hampshire; Bathwell,Nottinghatnshire; and Honly, near Huddersfield. The churches where additional accommodation will be obtained by enlarging, reseating, &c., are at Witchen, Ely; Fowley, Hants ; Kirkdale, near Li verpool; Tottington, parish of Bury, Lancashire ; Austrey, Warwickshire ; Ugmaston, Pembroke ; Full Sutton, Yorkshire; and Upton-cum-Chalvey, near Slough. 'I he population of the 18 parishes thus assisted is 154,615 souls, for whom accommodation, to the ex tent of 25,595 sittings, is now provided in 36 churches and chapels, of which seats 7555 are free. To this most scanty provision of church-room, 5683 will now be added, including free seats for 4963 per sons; thus it will be seen that the present places contain accommodation for only one-sixth of the population, while the free seats are only in the pro portion of one sitting for 20 persons. The meeting next examined the certificates rela tive to the completion of new churches, enlargement, &c., of existing churches in several parishes and dis tricts. These have been approved. The treasurer received authority to pay the grant in each case. The provision of church room in these parishes previously to the commencement of the works now reported to be completed was only 2832 seats, 1226 of which were free, while the population amounted to 11,022 souls ' • but 1920 additional sittings are now provided, of which 1182 are free and unappro priated in perpetuity. Since the last meeting of the committee forms of application have been forwarded to 18 applicants, to enable them to submit their cases to the considera tion of the board. Five of these applicants will so licit aid towards the erection of additional churches in populous places. Thus the great importance of this society's exer tions will be obvious, more especially when it is considered how large an increase of church accom modation is provided for the labouring classes, through the grants voted by it at each meeting. At. the last meeting (in February) the parishes assisted only possessed sufficient church room for 9334 per sons, out of a population of at least 2 7 0 , 000 souls. To these sittings more than 4000 free sittings will now be added, through the aid rendered by this so ciety. The extension of accommodation will, how ever, be still greater in the parishes which have re ceived aid at the meeting on Monday last, and in a larger proportion of the additional free seats, which will be 5683 in number, the present open seats being only 7555 for a population of more than 150,000 persons. These are facts of a very serious charac ter, as being so very intimately connected with the existence of our social and political existence as a nation. THE IRISH CHURCH. The following are the speeches of the Duke of Wellington and the Bishop of Exeter, in the House of Lords, on Monday night, on the subject of a pe tition from Glasgow, on the state of Ireland, pre sented by Earl Fitzwilliam, in which was the fol lowing diabolical falsehood :—" That one of the principal grievances of which Ireland has to coin plain is the established church, which is not only exclusive and intolerant in spirit and character, but opposed to the convictions of the great body of the people, is used as the tool of political faction, and is subversive of general tranquility. That such an establishment does riot admit of being amended, and must, to obtain the pacification of Ireland., he wholly abolished." The Duke of WELLINGTON, speaking in a very emphatic manner, said—My Lords, I must say that there can he nothing more inconvenient than the discussion of such large questions—(hear, hear)-- as the noble lord has entered on in the speech which he has just delivered upon the mere presentation of a petition. (Hear, hear.) My lords, those ques tions related not merely to the topi s contained in that petition, to the state of the Protestant religion in Ireland, or to the compacts that were entered into for the maintenance of that religion in Ireland, but they referred to the very foundation of the re formation in this country—(hear, hear)—and the noble lord has propounded to your lordships a something, neither the nature of which, nor the pe riod at which it is to be carried into execution, is he himself exactly certain of. Something or other must be done; to that something this country must make up its mind ; the noble lord does not state what it is to be—(hear, hear) ;-but it is, at all events, to in volve the repeal of those laws upon which the re formation in this count-y has been founded. My lords, I have already taken opportunities of warning your lordships against the assertion of such doc trines in this house, and I must again express a hope that you will observe and beware how they are introduced into it, because you may rely upon it, that there is not an individual in this country, be his religious opinions what they may, be his posi tion what it may, who is no interested in the main tenance of the reformation. Not only our whole system of religion, but our whole system of religious toleration, in which so many people in this country are interested, depends upon the laws upon which the reformation has been founded; and I therefore entreat your lordships to give no encouragement to doctrines that might induce a belief that there ex isted in this house any difference of opinion upon the subject of those laws. With respect to the church of Ireland, 1 beg your lordships to recollect that it is existed for a period of nearly 300 years; that it was maintained in that country during a cen tury of contests, rebellions, and massacres; that during a contest for the possession of the crown, the protestants of the country encountered that con test and kept possession of that church; that during another century it was maintained' through much opposition, and under difficulties of all descriptions; and that at the period of the union the parliament, who had the power either to consent to the union, or not to consent to it, decided that the protestant church in Ireland should be maintained, and main tained on the same footing as the protestant church of England in this country, (Hear, hear.) My lords, the parliament of Ireland had, under the aus pices of the king of this country, the power of either making or not making that compact. Your lord ships entered into that compact with the-parliament of Ireland, and I entreat you never to lose sight of the fact. I entreat you not to suffer yourselves to be prevailed on to make any alteration in, or to de part in the slightest degree from, the terms of that compact, so long as you intend to maintain the union between this country and Ireland. (Hear, hear.) It is the foundation upon which the union rests—it is a'compact which you entered into with the parlia ment of Ireland, and from which you cannot depart withoat being guilty of a breach of faith—(hear, hear)—worse than those pecuniary breaches of faith which have been alluded to in the course of the dis cussion which took place in your lordships' house this evening upon another subject. I entreat you to listen to none of these petitions or speeches— (hear)—which tend to the injury or the destruction of the church of Ireland. Do what may be neces sary—do what it may be proper to do in order to render that church more beneficial to the people of that country—but I entreat you to adhere strictly, in spirit and according to the letter, to the compact you have made, and not permit it to be supposed in any quarter whatever that you entertain the most distant intention of departing, in the slightest de gree, from that arrangement. The noble lord says that the feeling of this country at the present mo ment is in favour of that arrangement. I sincerely hope that is so, and that as long as there is a spark of honour in the country the same feeling will con tinue to be evinced in every part of it. The noble lord has also stated, and truly, that before the mind of the country can change so far as to induce it to depart from that compact, it must first be made up to undermine the foundation of the reformation in this country. While waiting for the scheme which, according to the noble lord, is to be carried out — God knows, when—l must again entreat your lord ships not to think of violating the compact into which you have entered for the preservation of the church in Ireland. ' (Hear, hear.) The Bishop of EXETER said he hoped he might be permitted to tender his thanks to the noble earl for having said anything in the statements he had made, in presenting this petition, concerning the church of Ireland, which had had the effect of draw ing forth the admirable speech of the noble duke. (Hear, hear.) Most heartily did he thank the noble earl, although it had come upon him by surprise, for he had as little expected a debate this evening as any noble lord could have done. He had found upon the votes merely that the noble earl would pre sent a petition to the house from Glasgow relative to the state of Ireland. There were one or two things upon which he (the right rev. prelate) must indulge himself in making a few observations. The noble earl had said, with great emphasis, " I will have nothing to do with spoliation," and put his propo sitions upon that ground. [Earl Fitzwilliam smiled.] The noble earl was amused with his own wit, or that of the noble lord near him. What was there that the noble earl thought so absurd—who said it was spoliation to take parochial property and carry it up to Dublin, and said, " I will have nothing to do with that,"—in holding that ecclesiastical pro perty should be reserved for the ecclesiastical pur poses of the parish and divided between Roman Catholics and Protestants, that was, that the Pro testant rector was to distribute the property as the noble earl might think fit ? That the noble earl wished their lordships to consider no spoliation. (A loud "hear, hear" and a laugh from Earl Fitz william.) The noble lord seemed highly amused at that idea of spoliation. Suppose the church was robbed of its property (" the church, the church !" by Earl Fitzwilliam,)—property which it held by as sacred a title as any of the noble lords opposite held theirs—as the noble earl held his large property in the county of Westmoreland ; it was very possible that they might he forced to disgorge, some of it to meet the wants of the poor of the parish in which that property was situated. If he (the right rev. prelate) were to advocate spoliation he should do it on the principle the noble earl had stated. Was the church of Rome the only body which could be dis possessed of property which it once held ? Were the ecclesiastics of the church of Ireland the only parties who built palaces, as the noble earl said— though they were not in the habit of building pa laces,—were they the only persons fattening on spo liation ? Why, the noble earl who had indulged himself in the language he had employed, and the noble earl near him, and he saw a noble marquis (a 'oud laugh from Earl Fitzwilliam)—those three no ble persons together held as large grants of confis cated property in Ireland as any three persons who could be named. Could those noble lords talk of taking away property from the church which was secured to it by the same law by which they enjoyed the spoliation of two centuries ago ? Let the noble earl show his patriotism by disgorging the enormous proportion of confiscated property which he held in Ireland. (A loud 'laugh from Earl Fitzwilliam.) The noble earl had been a prophet. He must forgive him if he (the Bishop of Exeter) became a prophet too, and foretold that if there were to be a revulsion in Ireland, and a violation of the rights of property there, it would lead to the spoliation of lay as well as church property. Which would go first he was not prophet enough to foretel ; but one would very shortly follow the other. He offered his humble and heartfelt thanks to the noble duke for his speech to-night. Amongst the great services which it had pleased Providence to enable him to render to his country, he believed from his heart, that the noble duke had never conferred r greater than he had done to-night. The petition was laid upon the table. THE DUEL IN THE UNITED STATES. The following are a few particulars, taken from the New York papers just received, of the late fatal duel at Washington In regard to the origin of the duel, it is believed that on Thursday morning last, Feb. 15, (not on Thursday night,) Mr. Cochran said, in the presence of two or three of Mr. May's friends, that he be lieved Mr. May a coward. This expression of Cochran was immediately reported to Mr. May, at whose request two or three of his friends immedi ately waited upon Mr. Cochran, at his room, to de mand of him a retractation of the words, and an apology. Mr. Cochran declined, saying that he would consult his friends, which he did. This was about noon of Thursday. By the advice of his friends, Mr. Cochran decided to make no apology, but, on the contrary, accepted an invitation to meet Mr. May and his friends at eight o'clock the next morning, (Friday,) at Mr. Nelson's tavern, about a mile or a mile-and-a-half the other side of the chain bridge, in Fairfax county, Virginia. Mr. Cochran and his friends left the city of Wash ington about half-past five o'clock on Friday morn ing, in a coach with four white horses. They arr ved upon the ground at Nelson's Tavern about half an hour before the other party. As soon as Mr. May and his friend arrived—as they did in a single coach, Dr. Miller attending on horseback—he sent a challenge in the usual style to Mr. Cochran, which was accepted. Mr. Pooler acted as Mr. May's second, and Mr. Ash as Mr. Cochran's second. Mr. Cochran was also attended by his surgeon. Articles were drawn up and signed by the seconds, designating the weapons, which were to be rifles, and the distance 50 paces. The mode of proceeding to be with the breech of the rifle to the shoulder—the muzzle down —and to be raised at the word. The words, " Are you ready, gentlemen ?" were then to be asked. Each were to reply " ready," and at the word " fire !" the muzzles of the rifles were to be raised. They were then to fire between the words "one," " two," " three," " stop"—neither before " one," nor after " stop." The seconds arrived about nine o'clock upon the field, when the efforts to effect a reconciliation were renewed, but without effect. .The distance was then measured off. All the par ties were perfectly cool and composed. Both the principals were members of the 'Temperance So ciety; Cochran was urged, however, to take a glass of liquor, but he refused. Both were perfectly com posed, each expecting to wound his man, and escape unhurt himself, and each hoped to draw the other's fire—that is, by firing at the word " one," to antici pate the other's fire. Mr. Cochran, as was his cus tom, continued to sing little snatches of songs. Each took his place; Mr. Ash gave the word, it being his privilege as the second of the challenged party. Mr. Cochran threw off his hat. Both replied, "ready," in a fine clear voice. At the word "one," both fired; Mr. Cochran a second after Mr. May. Mr. May remained unhurt. Mr. Cochran stood a moment—his rifle dropped from his hands, and he fell heavily and slowly back, partly on his left side, the right leg being thrown over the left. Mr. Coch ran's surgeon was first on the spot. Blood was seen flowing from his forehead, and, upon pushing up the hair with the fingers, a wound was discovered through which a portion (..f the brain protruded about the size of two fingers. He appeared and was at first believed to be dead. Scarcely any pulsation or breathing was perceptible. Mr. May still conti nued in his place for some time, but subsequently went to the place where his second had stood. Al most immediately after, Mr. Cochran's surgeon came to the spot. Dr. Miller ran to his assistance, and concurred in the opinion that Mr. Cochran must die in a few minutes. He called to Mr. May to take his horse and make his escape, which he did. His yh affected secondswas s dying,cam e up ra n t o t N o I r . their Cochran,carriage, a n d which finding Iv a t s h that he quarter of a mile off, and retur ned to t he city with Dr. Miller. Mr. Cochran was then lef t dying upon bb t yu i e t t field,hhei s fas surgeon rog withfeohnins ando pers ons friend. second,r iin who e attendance driver was o upon him deeply l fe coach and four white horses, frightened at the fall of Mr. Cochran, had suddenly driven off to the distance of half a mile, was brought back, and Cochran was re moved to his coach. In taking him to Nelson's tavern, Cochran vomited several times, and revived re foundc, to n a little, his pulse becoming more perceptible. H e was ma offdi perfectlyne uponthe t the senseless—bl ed vicinityn g s r e 00 1 f e, u s ns the —d wound, uo npr prof use—drench, Dr.t3u e I t i — t dl wasler h n left t ig the seats of the coach with his blood. Effort s were ba n d to ag restore aopr pelie the br A a t in m , arn.d N it o was son removed re place the protruding brain. The hair was shaved and a impossible thing possible was done for M r . C och ran. D every Doctors Holmead, Elliott, and Hall, of Washington, and Ritchie, of Georgetown, were immediately in attend ance. The shots were exchanged about a quarter past nine o'clock on Friday, the 16th instant. From that time till half-past four o'clock on the following Sunday morning he remained perfectly insensible, and at that hour died... The injury to the bones of the head was of a peculiar and striking character, and it seems remarkable that he should have lived so long as he did. The direction taken by the ball proves that he was taking aim when he received the wound. The corpse was removed to the city on the 18th, and was buried the next morning. It is said that Mr. May returned hastily to the city, took the horse of his brother, Dr. Frederick May, and fled from Washington. The seconds on both sides also fled, and none of them have been since heard of publicly. There has been great ex citement, originating from the youth of the parties engaged in the duel, and a supposition that it might have been prevented. There are those who unhesi tatingly say the civil authorities ought to have been called upon to arrest the parties, and thus prevented the deed. CORRESPONDENCE. ORMSKIRK CORN MARKET. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SlR,—Permit me, through the columns of your useful and consistent journal, to call the attention of the farmers and others in this neighbourhood, to the following statements and observations respect ing the Ormskirk Corn Market. All are undoubtedly aware of its re-establishment, but, as it appears, few are aware of its real and sub stantial advantages, or at least if they can see the conveniences and advantages resulting from it, they are either too indolent to make use of them, or too much attached to old and inconvenient customs, to support and countenance new and beneficial ones. Now this market, situated as it is, in the very midst of a rich and flourishing agricultural district, is, or at least ought to be, the central depot for the abundant produce grown in the neighbourhood. The market was opened with every prospect and appearance of success, and so far it has in a great measure realised the expectations of its supporters; but there is still a great want of equanimity and firmness amongst the farmers, who ought to he its principal supporters; and upon whose endeavours and exertions mainly depends its future destiny. The farmers, instead of exhibiting such apathy and care less indifference, ought to be the first to strike up, with a determined resolution, to give it all the aid in their power, and this could not be done more ef fectually than by bringing their corn to the market, either in sample or in bulk, (the latter is the prefera ble method), instead of selling it in public houses, or carting it to Preston, as a great many are still 1 0 the habit of doing. If they would only stock the market regularly with a good shew of all kinds of grain, there is not the least doubt but that buyers would arrive from all parts of the county. Most of those who do bring their corn are foolish enough to imagine, from some unknown cause• that they have a right to demand 4d. or 6d. per bushel more than it is actually worth, or than it would take anywhere else ! and if they cannot ob tain this, they forthwith cart it off to Preston, where in some cases they have been obliged to take the same, or even less than was offered here ! The consequence of this is, the dealers from Presto? , Chorley, Blackburn, and elsewhere, say, " Why its of no use coming to Ormskirk to buy corn, when we can have it laid down at our own doors, or near it, by the very same farmers, for less money ;" and of course this is a sensible remark, and if the far' mers are not awake to its importance, it is high time they should be. They appear as if they did not consider it any loss of time, expense, or inconvenience, to cart their cool 18 or 20 miles, to Preston, pay turnpikes, and all expenses attending such a journey, which, when they come to be calculated fairly, are very consider' able. In the first place, suppose a farmer sends 60 barrels of wheat to Preston, there are two horse! and a man occupied two days, or one'and a-half is least, which may be estimated at los., saying thing about the wear of the cart ; th ere are 07, three turnpikes, ls. ; these are the extra penses astending the j ourne y, w hi c h I cons ider ho s e . f sonably estimated at 6s. or B s . more t h an th is cal horses and men were employed at home " the ma rk; culation is, i n f ac t, cons id era bl y below ; t alto gether should not be exaggerating in eating," „,,T, cir gether to amount to li ttle short of one I , `" - take this one pound for expenses, off this Go bushels of wheat, and it will be found that in order to mak e it only equal to selling it here, the farmer should ob' tain 4d. per bushel more at Preston, which could not be the case, if this market was supported as it ought to be. 4 Now some may perhaps reply, that if they sell their corn in this market, to purchasers from other. towns, they will be required t o b e d e li vere d free o f expense to those purchasers. In answer to this, I would say, sell your corn at a certain price in the market, and those buyers who require it to be deli• vered to other places, let them find means to do so; and if you do it for them, make a fair and reasons; ble charge for cartage. This is the only effectue' means of ensuring justice and equality, both to sel lers and buyers; and without this method it is irjrY possible that the market can progress either prospo' rously or agreeably. I do not mean to insinuate that all the farmers are of this stupid or unthinking disposition; there ars some noble exceptions, but I am sorry to say they constitute a very small minority. Now in order to render these matters more at' preventany act perfect l y or discord,lin c n which cef and tainable, I would su gges t th a t th e f armers , an d ill' deed all who have gr a in to di s p ose o f, s h ou ld m eet! to form and arrange rules f o r th e i r gu id ance , so that these maytherey be enabled not only possibly, but probably, would be the case t o jarring were one to determine upon one, and another up on other and opposite modes of proceeding. The difficulty of removing the corn sod w i ll i n t great measure, if not totally, be obviated by the con templated branch canal, of which, however, I cannot at present speak, there having been`nothing materisl transacted towards carrying it into effect. In conclusion, I may express a hope that the above humble remarks and suggestions will be se' riously reflected upon by those to whom they are addressed, and that they may be productive of the desirable results. It is the farmers' market, and It totally depends upon their co-operative support, or continued indifference, whether it is doomed to flourish or fall.—l am, sir, &c. Ormskirk, March 16, 1844. VERITAS. DEATH OF THE KING OF SWEDEN. HAMWORGH, MARCH 16.—A bulletin was affixed ett . 'Change to-day , announcing the arrival of an expres' from Stockholm, with the intelligence that his Molest) ? Charles John had ceased to exist. He died on the Bth instant, at four o'clock in the morning. His son 'and heir assumed forthwith the Royal autho rity, under the style of Oscar the Second, and announced his intention of continuing the government of Sweden and Norway in the footsteps of his late father. The most, perfect order existed up t o t h e period of the departure o r the express, nor was the slightest interruption to public tranquillity expected. The intelligence of the event caused no sensation is Hamburg'', where it had been already looked for by post daily for some time past. JONATHAN AGAIN — SINGULAR.—An eminent artist lately painted a snow storm so natural that he ca ught 5 bad cold b y s i tt i ng near i t w i t h hi s coat o ff . H e i s co usin to the man who became hoarse on. Christmas-day, throne meeting a man in the street, dressed in nankin trousers • REPEAL OP THE DUTY ON SOAP.—On Thursday a ge neral meeting of the members of the soap trade in 1 ,011 don, Bristol, Liverpool, Hull and other places, was bal d at the London Tavern, for the purpose of consideringli: duties on soap ; Mr. William Hawes in the chair. ' l `" r chairman remarked, that the use of alkali and greese domestic purposes, in lieu of soap, was increasing 1,3 ° 6 A rapidly. The increase in the consumption of soap bit not been at all equal to the augmentation in the populai on. The Americans and Brazillians were competing w a l bo our manufacturers in the trade, which, if free, woul d enjoyed by this country, and the poor and middle cla n; ; would be greatly benefitted. The chairman read a varied of statistics- to show the advantages that the cono!X would derive from the duty on soap being taken f e l, Lord Sandon was much in favour of such a proposal Zvi the subject was brought before him. After a f e w retaf f o the resolutions were passed to carry out the object or. meetinF, and a deputation was formed to have all o f view with Sir R. Peel upon the subject of an abolittu the soap duties. TUESDAY, MARCH 26 , LIVERPOOL : 1844, PRINTED. AND PUBLISHED BY JOSHUA FLETCHER LACE, of 63, Grove-street , an d LEONARD ADDISON, of 14, Great Orford-stree t, At No. 4, ST. Gaoaos's CD.BSCENT, LIVS1000;•• March 26, 1844• <. /2 c) 1 - A: t 3 La dui Ca: ( 4] th, Ti Ti Su ItiE , 'J oe se e , due ~~3 To . a T o ] ty 11 , s 1 1 , 4