The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-05-08 00:00:00

MA X 8. 18'0- Lion s of the tyrant majority for adopting a principle' which the Chronicle itself has' stienuotisly advocated ? Have our liberat Town Councillors not given an athni rable- example of that " irresponSibility gently veiled behind the cant of independence" . which the radicals claim on behalf of the electors at large ? But we have not yet done with the gentle editors of the Chronic/e. They say, in reference to the majority 'of Wednesday, that "" they must move the previous question as the most insulting form in which they .could couch their i refusal to listen to- the just wishes of the electors." Is it the first time that they have insulted the electors and refused to accede to" their just wishes? Look at the choice of the rejected candidates as alder men. 'Was net that an insulting disregard of the just wishes of the Cogistituency, and a display of " utter con tempt for public opinion and public feeling Here, again, the Chronicle is inconsistent, because it' lavished its praises on that grand infraction of the wholesome rule of paying deference to the " just wishes of the electors." Why was not a Whisper heard against the proceedings to which we allude ? Simply because the sixteen aldermen, many of whom were rejected by " the people," were all thick and thin . radiCals. Wily do we now hear such grumbling from the reckless faction ? Because the ma jority in. ,tfie Town Council, in a fit of extraordinary liberality, explicable only on the ground that they must lave had - some sinister object in vieW, chose to nominate one or two gentlemen of conservative principles for the list of magistrates. It is a crime of unpardonable.enor mitv to show any favour to gentlemen of loyal opinions: it is an act deserving of the highest raise to elevate into offices idirust and responsibility the most ignorant and contemptible of the faction. Such is radical con sisteney. it seems, however, that the tpat majority are not to escape unpunished fOr.presuniing - to cote in oppuition to their radical .masters out of duurs: Already has the Chronicle proclaimed war to tile knife against the dis obedient and — refractOry crew, who have made such " shipwreck of their principles." Listen, reformers - of LiverpOOl, to the follOwlng . magnilequent appeal - . _ " The previous question be it then! We also move the pre vious question in the name of the Reformers of Liverpool, and our previous question is, measures not men, principles not persons. We have not all this time been struggling simply fur a change of masters in the Council, for a subverting of forty-one irres ponsibles to ; place, sixty : four in the same position to ride rough• shod .over its. Our warcry has been " THE PEOPLE"-our efforts have been for thew, and for their privileges, and for their right. lobe fairly. represented in our local government by men who were in all their proceedings to be responsible to them. The electors are not a mere ladder by which others are to climb up to power, and then to kick down the steps by which they ascended—on the contrary, they are the maiu point, the Alpha and,Oinega, the all in all, according to our estimate of the relative position of the represented and the representatives." " Measures, not men—principles, not persons," is the verYmotto which was adopted by the Times when Sir Robert Peel assumed office, prepared to carry into effect measures of real reform, and to act upon principles of real liberality. But what said the •Liverpool radical journals at the time? Did they not vehetnently protest against such a rule ? Did they not pfoclaim the Times an apoState for its adherence to principle and its oppo sition to faction, ? It is-really amusiug to hear the radicals now crying out that they had placed sixty. four . irresponsibles in the Town Council to ride rough-shod over them. It is gra tifying to perceive that the poor creatures have at length found out that a radical town-councillor must necessarily b e an es . sentiaily tyrannical personage. We sincerely hope that they will profit by, their eXperience and take care next time to send sixteen . food and'linnest conser vatives to represent their interests. Let us hope for such ",a happy termination of thiS'Untoward affair." The following " elegant extract" cannot fail to excite a laugh " Who do our readers think rose to beard the electors 'by moving the previous question, to mark his contempt for them? Who, but, Mr. William Wallace Currie, seconded by Mr. T. B. Barclay. Yes! Electors of Liverpool! Mr. William Wallace Currie was the great arch-traitor and Judas of the day. With honey and sugar, and butter and treacle, and flummery, and ev ery kind of smooth thing and every kind of sweet thing upon his 'dips, he proceeded for some half hour or *so to exhaust his round :ofdrawing-room phrases and courtly nothings to blind your :eyes and understandiegs—and then—prat puclor ! MOVED THE PREVIOUS.QUESTION, seconded, as ` we said before, by Mr. T. B. Barclayand—,alas—that we shohld have to say it—two and !twenty oi.hermemlatrs of the Town council moved as satellites round these rtnn ptansts.of ap(istarly . in their eccentric course. it now remains for the electors of Liverpool to show of what metal they are Made. They have their fate in their own hands —if they succumb, political slavery is too good for them." ..Really. this is very amusing. "it is a very pretty quarrel as it is.;" and we shall certainly not spoil it by 'attempting to act the part of mediators.:,.We,leave the " great arch-traitor, and Judas.of the day," and "the two and twenty other members of the Town Council" who " moved as satellites round these twin planets of apos tacy" to their fate. The Chronicle has pronounced their (loom,. and against the oracular decision of this avowed organ of the, radicals we have only oneobjeetion to make. The Chronicle includes in its anathema (to use a pet phrase of the testy . Alderman for Rodney Ward) three• c onservatives. As to their fate we have no fears what ever, if they take care in future to avoid 10, 0 01 y of voting• with the radicals on any question inning a political principle.... W cannot, however, quit the subject without noticing the extraordinary declaration of Mr. Coglan, who said " perhaps he should give a snore honest vote. if left to his own unfettered opinions," that is, if allowed to avail, Jlirnself of vote , by ballot, " because he could vote without offending individuals." There is an independent repre 'sentative for you! Electors of St. Ann's Ward, see 'what, - sort of stuff the man of' your choice is made!, Will you trust him for the future ? What confidence can you le 'Pose in his political; honesty.? . In conclusion, we may remark that the cause of all - this disturbance need not have existed at all. Why are 'the members of the Town Council obliged to. undertake 'the invidious task of recommending individuals for the magistracy ? Why is not the duty of selection dev,olved lipon the Lord Lieutenant? We consider it to be our duty to do all we can to set aside this whig-radical inno vation, POSTOFFICE REvort.m.—We are happy to inform our readers that a petition is now lying for signature at the several public places in town for a thorough reform of 114 e Postoflice regulations. We are sure that a petition tvvhicli so ,universally concerns the public will be nu- Alerously .signed. We do not know that.we can better , Pxpress our opinions on the subject than by quoting the Allowing petition from the Post Circular : :To the Itinthirable the Conynonr of Great Britain and Ireland; in Parliament assembled, : rho bumble Petition of the Rev. William Carus Wilson; of Casterton Hall, in the count} , of Westtnorland, Sheweth—That Our petitioner is duly sensible of the ad vantages enjoyed. by the nation from the Post-office system as at present existing; as well as of the promptitude and courtesy With which .the the officers of that department attended at all tones to any application for redress or improvement. . . But that your petitioner. is of opinion that material altera tions might be made (and that without endangering the revenue) WhiCh, to say nothing or the great advantages, would have an important morn/ influence on the country. I. That the taxing ofrietters, not bs weight, but by the num ber of enclosures, and the consequent necessity for minutely exatni4ing.thesoutents, presents a temptation to fraud which • it would be highly expedient to prevent. 2. That it' is equally expedient to prevent the strong induce tnent which frequently presents itself, to violate the existing laws of the country by the illegal transfer of letters. -- 3. That your petitioner is strongly impressed with a sense of the expediency of granting to the poorer classes of the commu- P-lt.* every facility of •correspondence, not only as a great pri vilege which would be highly valued and is easily granted, but which, in a moral point of view, would - have the happiest ten ileney o n the charities of social life, and be the means of keeP in.': alive the interests of family connexions, - It is impossible to contemplete a mote gratifying reflection than that the poorest families in the realm have ceased to suffer one serious aggravation of ►heir lot, as consisting in a long and hopeless severance from those most dear to them, and are now, . 4 1 common with all ranks of the community, blest with every facility of intercourse. • 4. That, with reference to the moral view of the question, your petitioner suggests that a powerful and legitimate stimulus vfonbi hereby be given to education. That for the accomplishment of these important objects, your Pelitioper strongly recommends the principle, at least, of Mr. Rowland the enclosurenfiettersiu taxed covers the charge by weight, and the reduction of postage. That if danger to the revenue be apprehended (though when the immense increase. of letters is considered, and. that Would be , sent' by the post, it is. humbly suggested. there could. be none), your petitioner is of opinion, that the postageS might be fixed at twopenCe, includin.g the whole expenses of cover, instead of one penny, as proposed by Mr. Hill. That the advantages of such a measure to trade, literature, and science, are obvious; but that you petitioner's chief object is to entreat your HOriourable House to take into its serious consideration the moral advantages which it will confer on all classes of the community. And your petitioner will ever pray. CORRESPONDENCE. TO THE DOCK TRUSTEES. GENTLEMEN,—You have now obtained the sanction of , the common council to your resolution to build".dock warehouses. The common council, it is true, appeared ashamed at their late meeting of their decision, when one of the thousand cases of the injustice entailed thereby on individuals was plainly stated: to them ; one ultra liberal, who, to use his own words, " perhaps will vote moke honestly with the ballot,"—(hear him, ye rate payers of St. Anne's Ward ! )—argued that the injustice of their decision was not injustice, because " he, assumed that" it will be disputed in Parliament. (I suppose this is the age of reason" or moder❑ " black is white" code of morality.) Your principal advocate appears to have been excited in an extraordinary manner, and instead of argument, he assailed the gentlemen who introduced the subject with a violent characteristic and personal attack, for which even the Mayor reproved him : still the council has sanctioned your resolution, and the proprietors of land and warehouses are preparing to resist your attempt— allow me to avail myself of this interval to take a brief review of the case. The Liverpool docks and the present warehouses have grown up together to the present period, and diaplay respectively, in the strongest possible manner, the disadvantages of a monopoly, and the great advantage of general competition. ' The dock estate,.alt bough separated from the corporate estate, by the true liberality and wisdom of the much-abused council of old freemen of a former period, has still proved to be a grievous monopoly of the whole harbour of the Mersey, the dock charges being extravagantly high, and the dock accommodation totally inadequate to the want of the port, with an entire, disregard to minor facilities, and an ample supply of arbitrary regulations, fines, and insolence. Warehouses, on the other hand—mark the difference—being left to the general competition of individuals, have been erected to an extent far exceeding the wants of the tOwn, and in such situations as were found most'convenient. Warehotise room is conseqUentlY always abundant, and at very low Charges, in Liverpool. . -Before entering into this contest, in which, if successful, you would greatly injure or ruin property exceeding in value the dock estate, belonging to individuals more numerous and power ful than yourselves, and directly tending to reduce to want. nu ►nerous poor persons interested in carts, many tatters and por ters, it is certainly due to them, and to the inhabitants at large of this great and populous town, as your measure, if carried out, will gently deteriorate all house and land, as well as warehouse property, it is due, I say, to the inhabitants, that you investigate the causes of delay in discharging ships, and prove to the public, that the whole delay arises from the situation of the present warehouses, and that the expenses of rent greatly exceed the same charges in other large ports, and that the only remedy is to build dock warehouses. . It is obvious that if dock warehouses are an advantage, they must. be general and adequate to the whole trade of the port, bUt common sense rejects the notion that vessels will be discharged one iota faster because there are dock warehouses on the quay, there being already upwards of 100 warehouses on the dock quays. Surely, the liberals and free traders amongst you do not contemplate applying for exclusive privileges for the dock warehouses, and so bolster up a system which must inevitably, though gradually, ruin all the other warehouses in the town, and eventually establish a monopoly for the dock warehouses, as no individuals can contend against a public . body with ex clusive privilegeS and public funds. The statement of Mr. liar bout clearly proves, that the warehousing charges at Liverpool, including . cartage, are less than' the warehousing charges of London, exclusive of cartage. The facts, that large West India vessels have frequently been discharged in two or three days, the recent instance of Messrs. J. B. Yates and Co.'s ship Brilliant discharged a Jamaica cargo in 20 hours, the frequent rapid discharge of American packet ships; and 1 will say, the general despatch in the discharge of ships from the United States, abundantly prove, that the situa tion of warehouses does not affect the question. I maintain, that the whole delay arises before the merchandise reaches the scale to be weighed, and is attributed to the following causes:—Want of dock accommodation—delay of merchants in entering their respective goods—the regulations of the customs as to entry of cargo before the vessel is put on turn for a land ing waiter—want of landing , waiters'and shortness of working time—dock regulations not giviog a birth till ship is put on turn fora landing-waiter—loss of time on procuring and rigging stays- want of cranes for discharging—the inefficient number of porter's sent by merchants to receive their goods. I submit that the true remedies are ..—That every cargo be branded by the shipowner on the day of arrival—that the customs be required to procure more landing 7 waiters and officers, and to extend the time for working—that all vessels discharge at two hatchways—t bat an organised system of porters be establish ed to provide plenty of men to receive cargo as fast as landed, and put it expeditiously through the scale—and, finally, that you gentlemen of the dock committee exert yourselves strenuously in your proper department by providing more dock and quay accommodation—providing efficient bodies of men to work the docks, providing stages and crane both for discharging ships and loading off the goods so as to render the present docks more efficient, extending the dock sheds, and adopting an improved system with them, and reducing the dock-rates, if you have too much money. - If you labour zealously in these improvements, permit me to assure you, that you will do infinitely inure service to the trade of the port, than by squandering the funds of the dock estate at present unfortunately under your charge, in mischievous at tempts to alter and extend an already overgrown monopoly, by covering half the present deficient quay space with dock ware housei.—l remain, Gentlemen,. Your obedient servant. A SHIPOWNER. To the Dock Committee, Liverpool. ST. GEORGE'S HALL TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STAXIMRD, Si 11,—The period is approaching when preparations will be made for our Musical Festival, and the building of the hall is abandoned, at least for the present; so that it is. very probable that one of our churches must again be used for the purpose of the performances, to the great inconvenience of the congrega• tion. I feel confident Chat ►f the gentlemen who issued a pros pectus some time ago for the erection of a Music Hall, and which project merged into that of the intended St. George's Hall, were to recommence their labours, the number of shares requisite to make a building worthy of this great town, and suitable for our festivals as well as other public purposes, would soon be subscribed for, and might be completed in time for the forthcoming festival. I understand that the applications for shares in the Music Hall, previous to the public meeting at the Town Hall. were sufficient to have commenced theundertaking, but in consequence of the proceedings at that meeting, were, in a manner, transferred to the intended St. George's Hall. The land, I presume, would be available as proposed by the Corpo ration.; the design and extent of the building might be in ac cordance with the space; and, therefore, if the originators of the Music Ball will only persevere, the public, I feel certain, will take a lively interest in promoting the work to eompletion.--; Yours, &c., AN APPLICANT FOR SHARES. [We have received several other communications on the subject of a public-hall, and shall be glad to receive any authen ticated inforuiation in reply to the above.] PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS. MADAME FiLtrowlcz's CONCERT.—Last evening this lady, whose performances on the violin—an instrument hitherto considered as wholly out of the sphere, and almost above the reach of successfulfemale attainment—have excited much re mark in the musical world, gave a concert at the Templar's hall, Great George-street. We were glad to see so full an at tendance. Novelty liere, as on all occasions, was the source of attraction to many. As a violinist, MadaMe Filipowicz may be, considered as a first-rate performer. There is nothing extra ordinary about her playing, further than it is extraordinary to hear a lady pla ch au instrument, and so well. Her style is plain and d almost of all ornament; but this is made tip.by the fir , Vey, round, and s ome ti mes s pl en did t one s h e produces out of her instrument; and on occasions she exhibits great execution and command of bow. We confess that, tows, whether it be from habit or association of ideas, there appeared something unfeminine in this lady's performances which, while 'we could not but admire and applaud it, was repulsive. The excitement and vigourous movement of the bow arm in going through a rapid passage of, music ill accords with our notions of female delicacy. MOns. Filipowicz. inflicted 00 the audience adolorous Polish melody which would not have. been tolerated fromMi English singer. Szczepanowski played,•in a masterly manner, a fantasia on the guitar, in which he intro• duced several sweet melodies. It is an instrument, hoWever, the best music from which is scarcely worth bearin!f, Mr. Haddock played a solo on the .violoncello with much taste. He was loudly applauded:- The Messrs. Herrmann also: lent their .valuable aid. The concert passed off extremely well. THEATRE ROYAL.—Mr. and Mrs. Wood continue at this theatre to the end of this week. Last evening the opera of - "La Sonnambula" was re p eated to. a very good house. On Wednesday the opera of "Cinderella" is to he brought out. The pantomime still continues to fOrm the afterpiece. It abounds Pantomimic tricks.. in the usual quantum of EASTERN BANK .ScOTLAND.—We observ e by a paragrap h in the Dundee Chilmicle, of sth May, that the amount of capital required for the euustitution of the company having now beeu touch more than subscribed, a meeting of the partners will be called for an early day, for th e p ur p os e of constituting the com pany, and transacting other necessary business. THE LATE FIRE, IN RICHNIOND-ROW.--lu consequence of many erroneous statements having gone the round of the papers respecting the extent to which Mr. 'l'. Bradley was insured, he has requested us to state, (as he deems it necessary,l that though the Liverpool Insurance Company has behaved in the most honorable manner, he will still be a . considerable loser. Theaccount rendered in to the committee amounted to upwards of £2,700, whereaS the insurance only covered £1500 ; of this, adding . the value of the salvage w hich the com p an y g e nerously allowed him, his loss will exceed £llOO —(See advertisement.) We have this week to 'announce the death of the Rev. Francis Barnes, D.D.. late Master of St. Peter's College, i n t hi s university. He was originally educated at Eton and King's College, was an elegant scholar, and endeared to all who knew Imo by the cheerfulness of his disposition, the easy urbanity of his manners; and his. ready kindness to all, of whatever rank and order, who could benefit by.his assistance. He was Master of the College for fifty years. and died at his lodge on Tuesday last, 'be Ist of May, at the advanCed age of 94. The venerable gentleman also held the Professorship of Casuistry, to 'which he was ,elected in 1813. He proceeded to the degree of 8.A., in 1768.—Cambridge Chronicle. [Dr. Barnes was a native of Bolton, near Lancaster, and uncle of Mrs. Leather, Upper Parliainent-street.] AccinaNTs.—On Saturday brewer's dray was coming dotes' Rupert-Place, Everton, w 1 1 the horses took.fright.and ran against the shop of a greengrocer, at the corner of the brow. An old woman, who had been at the overseer's to seek relief, was Much bruised,,hy the dray running against her.--rOn the same daffy a country cart, from Kirby, .was standing at the top 'of Riehmond-row, the driver having gone into a public-house to drink. The horse took fright, and a boy who who was inside, in endeavouring to ,check its career, .was thrown out. The _ wheel went overh is holy, qtlfl he was con vesed to the Infirmary with but slight hopes of recovery. LI VEy1 ) 001, NIECIIANICS INSTETUTWN LECTURE ON POLAND On •Saturrlnv evening MOns,. N..F. Zaha, a Polish exile, de reyed a feet u re of extreme interest upon the repeated struggles which - Poland has made to • preserve and obtain her liberty as well as upon her present. state. We• never saw enthusiasm here so highly worked up in an audience than it was during the de livery of this lecture, and certainly the animated delivery, the simple unadorned pathos, and impressive language of the lec turer, were sufficient to have invested a less noble subject with the highest importance. The history of a native that has occupied for many ages the high station among the nations, and whose struggles for inde pendence have excited the deepest sympathy throughout Europe, cannot but be of the greatest interest to every intelligent miud. I step forward to give you a brief sketch of the political history of my nation, for I believe that a knowledge of its political his tory will always excite for Poland the deepest sympathy. As no nation on the face of the earth can boast of having en , joyed at an early period the advantages of good and free insti tutions, Poland likewise made a slow but gradual improvement in, the social state. History shows no light upon her early days. It seems, however, that the Poles existed as a nation 1,000 years ago. Its political existence would appear to date from the Bth century. It is to be regretted that welave very imperfect ac counts of the early religion of the Poles, as they would have afforded most interesting ideas of the state of the inhabitants, nevertheless we have the authority of the earliest chronicles that mildness must have been its concomitant, as no persecution was ever raised against the missionaries in their pious labours. The christian religion was very generally diffused' towards the end of the tenth century, and from that period to 1386. In spite cif the most unfavourable circumstances, Poland gradually rose to a prosperous and social state. The Poles were divided into two classes, the equestrian order, or the nobles who fimught on horse back against the enemies of their country, and the serfs, to whom were confided the labours of husbandry. The eques trian order was established upon the broadest principles of de mocracy; for no distinctions were known amongst them, there were no titles, but they called one another by the fond name of brother. Again, the law of entail, that powerful instrument of the feudal system, never existed in Poland. Every member of a large family enjoyed the same privileges, and :shared in the property of their parents, heuce.they grew gradually to a giant strength, and this will account to yon why the Poles, amidst all their struggles, have preserved ii .strong attachment to their birth-place and liberty. The second order, although I am dis-: posed to say but few, words irilpfenee.of t he System, which de prives a large portion of the.couritry of their rights; still the Polish serf proved in, his bondage the nobleness of the human race, for hew could he be so brave in the defence of his master, if he was so degraded as some writers say, who have never had an Opportunity of judging for themselves ? Histor v informs us, that as early as 1317, a diet or Parliament was called, in order to frame laws'calculated to encourage commerce and industry in the city, and to give a wise and just government to the king dom. In 1486 a new dynasty was introduced into the king dom, and after 200 years she attained a high rank among the nations.. At the end of the fourteenth century the hereditary monarchy gave way to the elective, and she immediately made rapid strides in civilization and freedom. She became famous for eminent men in every department of literature, and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries deputies were sent from every district, with the view of consulting together for the pyomotion of the happiness of the country. Liberal ideas were dailyegaining ground in Poland, arid after the death of the last King of the Jacquenots, the Polish throne became vacant. The Poles were called upon to fill up the vacant monarchy, and in 1573 they determined thaLevery king in future should be. elected by the votes of the majority of the electors. Every Polish as well as foreign nobleman was entitled to become a candidate, but he was not crowned before he signed a solemn compact called " Pacta conventa." If he violated this, his subjects were absolved from their allegiance, I feel compelled to own that this elective monarchy was the cause of the downfall of Poland, but if it bad been properly conducted, this would not have been the case.. The principal cause of the misfortunes of Poland is, that she allowed the foreign princes to sue for the crown. No sooner was there a vacancy, than the most bare faced bribery and influence was resorted to, and the foreign gold had a baneful influence upon the morals and character of the nation. A foreign prince elected to the Polish throne, being a stranger to the laws and genius of the people, could feel but little interest in the promotion of their welfare, compared with a native, whilst this kindness ever bent upon strangers, to render the Polish throne hereditary in, Lis family. Thus, a great deal of the miseries of Poland was the election of foreign princes. Another cause was its geographical situation, en compassed by three great powers, the Poles could not make a single effort without being obliged to fight their way. That the elective monarchy had its bright traits as well as its dark ones, was evident in the life of John Sobieski, whose name is known through the whole civilized world, wherever the sound of liberty has reached. Who is ignorant of the magnanimous ex ploits of John Sobieski before the walls of Vienna, when it was besieged by 300,000 Turks. On that occasion he took the field in defence of Christianity, and restored Austria to tier former eminence, and returned without claiming any reward for' his services to his own country, covered alone with the glory of that event. All Europe was filled with the praises of John Sobieski, and they did not fear to say that there was a man sent don nby heaven, whose name was Jelin. This brilliant event alone ought to have secured to the Poles the assistance of all Europe, at least of Austria, when they .sere struggling for their political existence:' But we shall see that Austria herself, to ; her eternal disgrace, leagued herself with the enemies of Poland to work out her destruction The election of foreign princes to the Polish throne ought to be considered as the chief cause of. all tier misfortunes. They had neither morals nor genius, and she constantly kept up re-. latiuns with foreign princes contrary to the interests of the peo ple. The intimate friendship which subsisted between Frederick Augustus, the second king of Poland, and I'eter the Great of Russia, introduced for time first time the power of the Russian cabinet into Poland. Peter's first step towards the subjugation of Poland was by persuading Frederick Augustus that he would never be able to realize his purpose of rendering the throne hereditary as long as a standing army of 80,000 limn was kept up. Frederick persuaded the Poles, on the score of economy, to reduce this army to 18,000, and, from this impolitic act per formed in 1770, commenced the decline of Poland, for when we consider that Poland is surrounded by three powerful potentates, who kept up large military forces, it will at once be seen that Poland, by disbanding her forces, exposed herself to imminent danger. At the death of Frederick Augustus in 1773, she speedi ly discovered, though Russia and Prussia were united in their determinatidn to cause her to accept a king contrary to her wishes. A young man, without any talents, was proposed to the Poles as their king by the two powers. His name was Sta nislaus Poniatowski. No sooner was this known than the pa triots refused to concur in the election, but being overawed by the Russian and Prussian troops, they were obliged to proclaim him as the Polish king in 1771 We are now arrived at the reign of the last king of Poland, that epoch so disastrous and so pregnant with misfortunes. Soon after the election of Stauis laus to the Polish throne, the conduct of the Russian ambassador showed the end of his mission. He sowed dissention among the Poles, and urged them to take up arms against the government. The empress -Catherine; alarmed at the progress made by the patriots in asserting their rights, sent orders to her ambassador to the seize the people who had taken part in the rising, and to send them to Siberia. Her order being executed, threw the whole country into the most feverish excitement. • An - eminent Pole called Iris countrymen to arms at Basle, and there a con federation was - formed, the object of which was to put an end to all foreign intervention. The patriots assembled around his banner, and very soon he mustered a very considerable aviary. When we consider that for four years, without a standing army, without the means of providing for war, these brave Poles maintained themselves against a well-organised army, we can not but award them our admiration. In vain the Polish ambas sadors visited every court of Europe, imploring assistance for his countrymen. The empress Catherine excited the Cossacks against the Poles, by alleging that they were fighting in defence of-their religion. They surprised a small town in Podoii, and put all the inhabitants to the sword. At least the patriots found themselves in the most critical situation, and the ap pearance of both time Prussian and Austrian armies iu Poland, put an entire end to all their hopes, and they were obliged to submit to their hard fate. Then it was, in 1772, that the first partition of Poland was effected. This atrocious conduct of the three neighbouring states roused the Poles, and they as siduously endeavoured to ascertain the source of all their evils, and to reconstruct their government upon a firm basis. In 1788 , a diet was called in, which the regeneration of Poland was re , solved upon. The state of politics seemed highly favourable. Austria and Prussia were engaged in a war with Turkey. Prussia encouraged the Poles in their design, and promised to lend her assistance, should the Poles require it, to regain her final independence. lu the mean time, the labours of the diet seemed to be completed, and they gave a new constitution to the country in 1791, according to the tenor of which elective inenarchy was abolished, and liberty proclaimed to all classes. The diet passed a law that their constitution should be revised every twenty years, by an extraordinary diet, called for that purpose, and such alterations introduced as the spirit of the times might require. No sooner was this constitution pro claimed than it excited the utmost enthusiasm and joy through out Poland. The empress Catherine protested against it, and, by her promises and bribes, induced five nobles out of the whole number likewise to protest against it, and to call upon her for her aid and protection. Sh - e immediately assumed a warlike tone, and threatened the Poles with her vengeance if they should dare to carry their constitution into operation. The Poles flew to arms and called upon the King of.Prussita for the assistance which he hail promised them, but, to their surnrise, he at once altered his disposition towards the Poles, and declared himself for Russia. This conduct needs no coni ment—it speaks for itself. The King Stanislaus, instead of de fending his country to the last drop of his blood, yielded to the demands of the empress. Thus the constitution was abolished, and the bigotted tyrant effected a second partition of Poland in 1793. By this constitution, liberty was given to all classes, and any native or foreigner had free permission to settle anywhere in Poland, for tine purpose of carrying on their trades or avoca tions I ask you, now, if the principles of this constitution are pernicious to social order, as Russia and PruSsia dared to re present them in the face of the world ? I ask vou, now, if it isnot evident that the only crime of Poland is - her desire to be free ? Had the Poles been allowed to carry on a reform Pre mising so much for the good of the country —a reform gained. without a single drop of blood - --a reform which was'so highly approVed of by the nation at large, Poland would have become a land of happiness—a land oiberty. I need not bias•your judgments by quoting the opinions of 'celebrated men in those i a a t m ed en th t, e in sp i i 7 i o it i, o t f h t a h l i i s tw P a o s li t s h h e c tr o r n e s a t t i e tu s - t times t(n. Burke 11 boon which was ever,conferred upon h uma n i ty , for it aimed s r a a deadly blow to slavery. But :this ext ract from the constitu tion sufficiently shows that it was a m o s t g lori lation. After these events Poland became an object of hatred to her neighbotars. They could not hear a free nation for their neigh bour. It was a thorn in their side, and they were afraid that the Poles, if allowed to carry tin their reforms, would arrive at the maturity of good, and be the means of endangering their own thrones by coin municating throughout their doniinions the desire of liberty. Accordingly they begun to plan the total extinction of 'Wand, andamisited the Poles with heavy oppres sions. In consequence of this they flew again to arms in 1791 and appointed Kosciusko to be their commander-in-chief. They proclaimed liberty to all people, and it was on such principles as these that Kosciusko placed himself at the head of time troops. He compelled the King of Prussia to raise the siege of War saw, and make a precipitate retreat. But although a skilful general, his situation became gradually encompassed with difficulties.. Kosciusko attempted to stop the advance of tine enemy, and fur some time the Poles defended their post against most disproportionate nurribers. Their brave general was resolved to sell his life. at the dearest rate a -wherever danger was to be f o u n d . there Kosciusko was likewise to he met with. It was impossibl e to predict. what would have been she result of this bloody d a y if Kosciusko, carried on too much' by Ins bra very, had n o t been giievously wounded ; and the report circu lating that he was _killed, threw time Polish ranks Oita .great confusion. BLit the fate of Kosciusko was not as it had been generally snpposed,,he was recognised amongst the slain:his wou n d s were dr esse d, and he was made a Itussianprisoner. Whilst his wounds were yet fresh he was taken to St. -Peters burgh, and conelemitedan a dungeon for life. The father of the present emperor, upon his accession, give him' his liberty, and Kosciusko retired to a more congenial clime, and flied in 1770 iu Switzerlaud. The news of that' disastrous event quickly THE LIVERPOOL 4TANDAIw spread to Warsaw. The national forces were concentrated At •Prague, which.was defaoded with the utmost bravery,,butheing at lenitih taken. by .SuWa - rrow, 20.000 of the inhabitants were butchered by that merciless general. When Prague was lying in ruins Warsaw capitulated, and the remains of the patriots retired to foreign lands. The empress Catherine sent orders to that weak prince Stanislaus for his abdication: Had he pos sessed sufficient courage to have resisted this in 1773 he would have redeemed a life of blunders; but he went to beg a resi dence in the ltrissiau capital. Thus was Poland,afterdeleuding ,Europe against the incursions of the Tartars and Turks, per mitted by civilized Europe to bedeprived of a political existence without the least solid cause, for history cannot lay any charge at her door. After this, 'the Poles expatriated themselves. The French republic gives a shelter to them, and the Polish legions were formed in Italy in 1796. They were not attached to the perso nal interests of Buonaparte, as some writers think, for, at the time they Were formed; his power was binned to the generalship. But when he afterwards attained his great power by means of bis surprising genius, then the Poles looked up to hien in the hope of recovering the independence of their country. After the brilliant victory of the battle of Jena, Napoleon became the sole master of the destinies of Poland; but in 1807, instead of restoring Poland •to her former eminence, to•the greatest stir- . prise of the Poles he: created this country . an Archduchy of Warsaw; hut in his expedition into Russia; in 1812, he needed the Poles. history will specially blame the conduct of Napo leon on this occasion, for not recognizing the independence of Poland. In his disastrous retreat be was taught, unfortunately too - late, the importance of Poland as an independent state. The Holy Alliance which was formed shortly after at Vienna for the purpose of interposing a barrier to the Russian power, contemplated the independence of Poland as important to the preservation of the peace of Europe. England, Austria, and France declared themselves in favour of the Poles. Russia, on • the contrary, claimed the possession of Poland under the pre text of having rendered great services in the deposition of Na poleon. In spite of this demand, England, France, and Aus tria seemed to be firm with respect to their intentions to Poland. A treaty was spoken'of to compel Russia to comply with the wishes of the Congress, but the sudden appearance of Buona parte gave a different term to the debate, for Rus'sia threatened to withdraw her assistance if Poland was not given up. France, of course, now could take no part in the affair, and the event was, that Poland was given up in order to secure the services of, Russia against the incursions of Napoleon. In the mean tithe ' tlie Bettie Of Waterier) put an end to the reign of Napoleon, and Louis Went, - b.ack tO . Paris. The charter of 1815 raised-the fondest hope Sin the bosoMs of the Poles; but it was soon evi dent that this charter was never intended for use, but merely to blind the eyes of the ignorant. The autocrat of Russia with drew every ,means'of 'education from the Poles. - The better to promote his designs; he sent the Grand Duke Constantine to lie the executor..ef•his project —or, iii fact, to be, the, executor of Poland; and he was so. The liberty of the press was in a short time curtailed. A department of vigorous censorship was esta blished; the task of which was not only to inspect all books.nn- • ported from abroad, but also to interfere with the manner in which the youth was tauglii. Court martials assumed the func tions of civil tribunals, and they subjected to the most degra ding punishment, men whose only anxiety was to save their country from the trammels of corruption. The charter only existed by naine. On the smallest suspicion, the most peaceful and retired citizens were taken away from the bosoms of their families and thrown into dungeons, without any trial. To crown' this despotic power, the very innocent victims were bound to keep carefully the secret of their long and cruel sufferings, on their return to their homes under the pain of suffering the punishment of severe confinement. The name of the Grand. Duke Constantine will ever be associated . with the feelings of horror in every Polish breast. He employed spies. to furnish him every day with the gossip of the town, and there was not a man of .liberal opinions who escaped punishment. As it is here a question to show you to what extent the government of Russia carried on their oppression of the Poles, I may be excused. in bringing before you sonaethieglin con-• nexion with my own person. In 1837 1 bought a commission in the army, and .fgan..time to time to employ'to the best, nay leisure time, I wrote short paragraphs its the papers. I hap pened to make some few observations on the state of politics in Europe— the passage must have been very moderate, as it met the approbation of the censorship—but it met with the dis approbation of the Grand Duke. I was imprisoned fur four months, and not satisfied with this punishment, when my turn came to be ad vanced to a higher rank in the army, he omitted me. Then I wished to retire from the army and petitioned the Grand Duke to that effect. The application was refused, and he ordered me to .remain in Warsaw. I petitioned four times without effect. I pervailed upon the medical board to give me a certificate that my health was so far impaired- that it was im possible for me to remain any longer in the service. This pe tition was disregarded, and he sent an order to the board' that. if I were not restored to health in a' fortnight. the medical board would be dismissed from their office; and 1 was obliged for the safety of the officers to state that I was better. It was two years here I obtained my dismissal. it. could be easy to give many instances of this kind. In order to shew you. in a stronger light the faithless conduct of Nicholas and Alexander to Poland, let us look at the state of the old division . of Poland. Were the stipulations which were made performed ? No! but the contrary. The youth in .progress of education was particularly aimed at, —hut it is not so easy to stifle the propagation of generous sentiments—the youth combined among themselves and formed an associating. But scarcely had the intelligence of this association reached the ; ears orthe Emperor of Russia and the Grand Duke Constantine, than orders were given for the apprehension of all these young men, and the prisons were filled with them, even with youths of no more than 12 to 15 years of age. Fortunes were applied to elicit from them confessions of a dangerous crime. They were confined without water to slake their thirst, and when in a state of delirium a glass of water was brought to them in order to in duce them to make a confession of their crime. Some of them were executed in prison. Again, the emperor was so intent upon changing the face of the old habits of the Poles, that lie withdrew the Polish language from the schools and public offices. Liberty, justice, and virtue are words not to be found in the Russian language. There is no criele which could obtain an acquittal for money, unless you happen to be a just man— and •sympathise with the oppressed—in that case, justice in Russia pronounces you to be a dangerous snail to the g sod of the state, and you are sure to ,end.your days in Siberia. Again, if you wish for, promotion, you are obliged to offer a certain sum to those in whose hands the poiver rests, but if another offers a larger sum thao you, the appointment is made in favour of him. Thus, the greatest corruption prevails in Russia. The salary attached to any office, is very inconsiderable, therefore, the holders raise their incomes entirely by extortion. The salary of a chief governor amounts only to £l6 a year, but his real in come is upwards of £3OOO, which he raises in some such means as the following. He gives out that smuggling has been carried on to such an extent that be is obliged to order all the shops to be shut up to search for the suspected goods, and. as such an event is a great injury to a sh,opkeeper, he offers a large sum to induce the governor to • recall his order. if a deserter has escaped, the govenor can cause the. farmers to keep their ser vants from the, farm for some time, under the pretext of search ing the premises, and in order to prevent the injury which might be dune to his crops in the mean time through want of the proper attention, ,the farmer is obliged, to pay large sums for the exemption from the order. In this way the people are obliged to pay daily. A•medical man is appointed to a certain district Ou payment of a certain :stint, and he again obliges all the Other medical practitioners on that district to pay him for permission to practise. The farmer, too, is obliged to pay him a heaVy amount or he would declare their cattle diseased, and thus keepthem out of the market. The peasants of Russia hold in abhorrence the military service. They are obliged to serve for 25 years, and after that time they. have very little chance to return to their own homes. Tile pay of the military is miserable—a colonel receives 1:60 a year, a captain £35, anil a private about £l, and besides that, two pounds of course black bread, and half a pound of beef per day. The officers, in orderto keep up their rank, are obliged to rob their regiment, so that the private soldier, in. place of a pound, scarcely re- ceives 25..61. a year in his htfid. The c lergy endeasoui'to in culcate a belief that every one who dies in the , service of the emperor is sure of a place in heaven. After all these contumelies can it be wondered at that the Poles should rise on the 29th November, 1830? Were they not compelled to do so? Freedom ! It is more pleasant to bleed at. thy shrine than to sleep but a moment in chains. The Poles flew to arms, nut for any love of a' military life, but in defence of their own right—they flew to arms ;. and all Europe, astonished at the 'event, turned their regard towards Poland, persuaded that at the first approach of the Russian army she would be at mice overwhelmed. The Russian forces brought against them in February following amounted to 200,000 men. The 'Russian General summoned the Poles to submit, but his summons excited universal indignation, and a refusal to com ply with it was returned to the Russian camp. The first engage ment took place on the 26th February, 1831, within sight of Warsaw. The Russians had inure than 150,000 men in the ' field, and 300 cannon,—the Poles 36,(X)0 men, and 85 cannon. This mass of artillery vomited fire, iron, and smoke during the day. At last the Russians retired, leaving about 9,000 dead "upon - the field of battle, and all Europe, struck with admiration, began to feel a lively interest in the success of the Poles. Many battles the h at t ,e were of The rh e inhabitants tight ls which i s n ue f one i t e , h r e m e so e t fo r i tins formerly the s l e h s ' e s tm i l : ( o n sm g i dt o e e f d ss i t i h:l g' e ru p l i: t n t . o l ha a l ir e n ty' s h a . . flocked in to join the patriot army. In Lithuania, a province three times as large as the whole of Poland, a lady, Miss Plata, was the first to effect a rising. She marched at the head of a considerable detachment, raised and supplied at her own ex rpsetesnee,f and j the oined insurgents,th e p a a t u ri d o t t s h . e The unfortunateßussians o watched th scene eho o u f s e t s h e tt n m d o e s ff t eheotisa of b f l t e h e e v r e i e n h t s d . e tt 'Tile I ; e e y e c d a , t tal and d a l ' e h r e e e " he p lundered, le ae e s e ve u thr n ye l try laid waste. The melancholy catastrophe of the fall of War saw became a cause or mourning all over the world, and Poland became the islet of every patriot. The ladies were to he seen on the field of battle , . litai guardian angels, affording assistance and consolation to those who had the misfortune to fall under commiserationti.ts oace a u tai l . subjected di rears ee, sett -devoted oivt.te, pou ring oe: it wxne en,efioi ttpr b eiet a ntos l ii ieepnnt resources,: s li into eevfe ~eniv rr. tles her years ty:le t wr l al the the blows of the enemy. They were to be seen in every hospi tal, all their ornaments to the good of their country. This lit:d.tett, my ten months, country n f i a l tt e i t re e f ys t . eelnrhasl Siberia, indignation. . If the atrocities perpetrated during the time of war excite committed upon the feeble and the defenceless are those eaten ei n a i t n re b c a it t i t e l s e, o a f t the an another r p t e im pi e r i ‘ di:s v bigtoh o seownabo i i t .nalii n rsitattetlgi d hia; s )sb,nti of tet ft isg h tlul,e e thsmo s uo u sufferers. They sa crificed 'Nicholas. Behold Poland clothed in mourning, lamenting in l ta 'e ho r tiat h stei r iiel c t sx dtu i o l n es tghee n o t tni l in a we g es a re i ( n )fir for her children, torn from her bosom s it is not e nough that etxhiolue,saenfdswlhe of tltnhtlhoteswieravihttiifte country—for l l e i n n o t u e g is h i t s h f p e o t r r ) e w h e e i power; 10,000 P oles upwa rds of 5000 are in I,.,f l a ' i ' l i n : : : irilg e ilen e ho ; t:by l eet t ,irrts w e,h a ues s enh n nda t te i s t rt, e :tat n hu o ems u e g ioi) h luatnhu t tes h i a cbc t hlaeilu s .d o epra c ers h enttlets a i.)x large number were obliged to leave their country. It was not enough that 5000 t he e A c t. a l rltreithtksidiinsaga%,‘ac' wits not .them and instructing them in Russia, as if the Polish mothers were unable to attend to such an interesting task. The Em peror'of Russia caused the children to be carried away to Rus sia for the object of bringing thesis iip in the Russian schools, to make them forget their native country, their language, and to make them true Russian subjects. He causes from time to time a number to be transported, and not very lon. ago 3(X) children were taken away from the confinesof Warsaw. Sonte of these unfortunate children are frequently unable to undergo the hard Ships of a long journey andalie ou the road, but as me officer in charge.having given a receipt for a certain number of children, is obliged to deliver the same number-at the end of his journey, in case of a death he sends persons into the country to seize other children to make up the , number which - have-died. All this cruelty is directed against the children of those who ' have escaped.his reach by voluntary exile. One of his officers entered the house of a lady for the purpose of separating her from her two children. Her prayers and outcries were adopted but.they availed her nothing-, - At limit she became calm, and begged to give the children some token of remembrance before she 'parted with, them for ever., She went into a closet, and .: returned in a very short time. She pressed the children to her breast, but it was too quickly seen, from the piercing :screams which en sue d , t h at s h e h a d plunged daggers into the hearts of 1 er children : . Navin,lli then turned them into her own, she i I bade the officer tell the ,emperor .that it Oast thus that Polish • ladies submitted to a separation from their Child, en.— They died:'arid death closed their 'calamities. - ITtii it was not enough that he thus outraged the tenderest feelings of huma !There was a' general review 'of the troops last "Septinn ber, 1537. 'The emperor issued an order to buy a few thousands of young Women from the province of Poland, who were des tined to become the ornaments of his camp. -In the confusion, of my grief, I wished to find him 'a name, and I traced the his tory of every nation to find a tyrant like him. At first L stop ped at Nero, but no! the first moments of Nero- gave aurae symptoms of 'humanity, but Nicholas cannot boast of that, he commenced his teign upon the blood of his.snbiects. In vain he flatters himself that tintewill hide in oblivion his crimes coua tined upon Poland--in rain, he thinks that Poland is dead and forgotton. No! Poland lives in the heart of every civilized Man, and I expect that the day is nut far distant when Poland will again regain her rights and her ancient independence. Europe is divided into two great divisions • on the one hand we have the march of intelligence, and o n the other mere physical force. I hope the march of intelligence will prevail generally. The great question " to be, or not to be," is at issue, and in the mean time I will conclude in the words of one of your poets, Cease every joy to glimmer on my mind, But leaie, oh leave, the light of hope behind, _ _ Mr. N. F. Zaba then returned thanks for the favourable re ception he had met with, and retired amidst the warmest ap plause. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. A. PAIR.—A man named John Byrne was on Friday placed at the bar, and an antiquated dame called Ryan mounted the witness boa, on some dispute respecting a bUndle of clothes -which belong to a lady at this preient juncture confined to her country-house, (vii., Kirkdale Gaol;) but,Though one appeared as criminal and the other as criininator, both seemed to have been implicalee in the intention of profiting by the absence of the owner of the articles. Magistrate (to witness)—" Is the prisoner your husband?" WitnetiS—" Is It me your -honour manes ? Would I marry a haste like him? Not in the laste." Magistrate—" Then the prisoner is not your husband?'" Wit ness-,--" He's a bould villain; your wrirship, and deserves hang -ing, if a rope dhurty enough could be found: Ile's killing me out 'and out by inches. Wait ; till I tell your. honour's worship what--" Magistrate—" I a s k Y ou if that man is yoin hus band ? Cannot you understand, 'Women?" Witness—" The dirty baste! (weeping) he struck ine and kicked me, .sir; till I was black and blue. - If you were to see me myself, your ho nour, the sight would freighten you." Magistrate—"'That is pretty treatment from a husband, most certainly." Witness— " Him! he's riot my husband, your honour." Magistrate— . " Does he live with you at all ?" Witness , --" Well, sir, he lives with me in one sense and not in another. lie once used td trate meld any thing ax ; but now trates me to nothing but blows, and bad tratetnent it is, as your honour would say if you. seed me. Just.after becomes from the wars—bad luck to him! wouldn't it have been a blessed day for me if they'd just took the head off him ? Och, it was therChe was all botheration and sweetmeat, just killing me with kiridness, the same as he's now killing the wid knocks. Sure, I'm not a auger, your worghip. Let him go and bate his equals, and uot lick the likes of me." Ma gistrate (le prisoner)—" What are you?" Prisoner—" Well, sir, Prwa soger ; at laste, your honour, I was a soger, till I got the discharge-froth the corripanv:" Magistrate—" You have been in the East India Company's service, then ?" Prisoner— " I was, Your worship; in the artillery, at, a place called Ma. derass. 'then I come horse again, aud lived at a place called London a short while, till I come down here." Magistrate— " How long have you known thiS Woman ?" Prisoner—Pm here three years; lint I know'd her when I was born, is you may say. Biddy and me ien't strangers, in the laste. Magis trate—" Where do you come from ?" Prisoner—" I belong to a place called Tipperary."—The officers wire ordered to take charge of the bundle of wearing apparal,, and convey it to its proper owner, and the prisoner was distrisseil with an admoni tion to conduct himself better towards his chi, e ainie. CHARGE oF ELoN Y.—A short time since a large trunk, full of wearing apparel, belonging to a gentleman on his way to Dublin, was stolen from the Liverpool railway station ; but until nine o'clock on Thursday night no clue to the thieves had been received. At that time, howeVer, Inspector Cottain re ceived information that a trunk AN:r lying in an entry in North street, whither he immediately proceeded. and having found it, perceived, on examination; that it had been broken open and emptied of its contents. Under the lid there were wailed two cards, containing an inventory of the articles which the trunk had contained. A search took place, which resulted in the cap ture of three men, who were brought up before 111 . Hall on Friday morning, Mr., Commissioner Dowling stated the fact of the robbery, and stated that two of the prisoners had on, at the time of their apprehension, articles of the stolen property, while in the privy belonging to the house of the third, a quantity of others had been found, thrust down into the' dire—The pri soners were remanded for a week, to alloy time for the appear ance of the owner. LOGBOOKS ANI; SEAMEN'S WAGBS.—On Friday, at the Po lice-office, I, Edward Barrett, a seamen, summoned Captain choll, of the Robert Seers, for non-payment of his wages. The complainant Ind shipped on board the Robert Syers on the 7th • November, and arrived again in port on the 20th April , having been out five months and a half, which, at £2 5s a month, ' amounted to £l2 is Gd. - Of that he hair . received one month's payment in advance, .and he bad also had some trifling things from the captain during the voyage, the price of which he did not know: be claimed the balance. Captain Nichol' pleaded that the sailor, through his improper conduct, had not only forfeited all claim to the residue of his wages, but that, if the owners of the vessel were paid all the expenses to which he had subjected them, he was farther insiebted to them to the amount of £f3. Ile entered into a det ed statement, the purport of which was that the claimant had, for insolence, neglect, Sm., been imprisoned'at the port of St. Themes fur thirteen days, and at that of Porto Cabello for twelve days, and that after his release from confinement he had, altogether, staid down below for the space of thirty-one days, refusing to do duty. There was also another charge. On the night of her arrival in the Mersey the vessel tan against the pier -head; all hands were called up, as it was feared that her anchor had g one through, her bow; and it was th e n f o u n d th a t B arre tt had deserted the ship. The loss of time, added to the payment of another man in his place at St. Thomas's, together with the fees and charges of police:officers at the times of his confinement, and the for feiture of a month's pay for abandoning the vessel, absorbed the whole amount due, and left him debtor to the owners in the sum stated. The log-book was produced to substantiate these charges; but it appearing, from the m a t e ' s a c k now l e d gme nt, that the entry of Barrett'sdesertion had only been made that morning—that is, on the day after the receipt of the summons— the magistrate said that it was wholly inadmissible, being op posed to the act of parliament. The deduction of one month's pay could not, therefore, be allowed. The log was then ex amined to ascertain whether the alleged absence from duty of • the sailor had been daily entered, in accordance with the strict provisions of the act to that effect, and it appearing that such was not the fact, but that for many days on which he was de clamed to have been absent there Was no entry whatever, Mr. Hall refused to admit the partial entries air proof of the whole charge. He said that he should be always happy, as it was his duty, to assist captains in the punishment of retractory men; but the act of parliament was clear and strict in its provisions— it was intended to be binding on master as well a§ man, and when he saw its provisions neglected in such a way as was mani fested in the keeping of that log, he could nct and would not admit such loose and illegally -made entries as evidence. With respect to the expenses incurred for punishing the seaman at St. Thomas's and Porto Cabello, he could not allow theta; there was no authority for it; they could not first punish a man and then force hint to pay the incidental charges. Ultimately the magistrate decided that the seaman of course could have no claim to his wages during the period of his imprisonment, which had been proved: that, with other allowed deductions, reduced the amount to £6 6s 11d, which he ordered to be paid to the claimant. The captain was much discontented with this deci sion, and thought that the ship hid been ill used. No master or mate, he said, kept a better log,-book than his; and to keep it in the way that the magistrate wished was impossible; indeed, to do so, it would require them to be lawyers. CALUMNY.—A young man named Mansell, a coachmaker, appeared at the police-office, on Friday, to charge a fellow workman named Bradburn, with having assaulted him on Tues day last, without, as far as he knew, airy reason or cause what vver. One of the witnesses to the fact of the assault was a black eye, which was produced by the complainant in open court; and which spoke for itself. The defendant being asked what be had to say in his defence, answered in a style which, both for choiceness of phraseology and studied eloquence of pro nuuciat ion, showed him to be at least a collateral desceueaat of the Malaprop family :—" I will inform you, sir, a the whole af fair. On Tuesdav it was intimated to me that he (complainant) had been calumniatiror me in a mostcensorou§ mann er , an d, as out characters is dear to us all as our lives, I.felt it necessiated on me to feel offended, as any man would feel, at the abrogatory way which he had deprecated my character. I accordingly went and asked him upon what stable grounds, or what rouudgs of fair play, he had attacked my repititicht and made game of my peculiar characteristics. I told him boldly and openly, sir, vet politely, that he had played me false by backbiting me be hind my face—that his conduct, was unhonourable and unmanly, and that whenever, upon any occasion, I perceive any thing in the conduct of a man which seemed deserving of castication inflicted it upon hin t b e f ore hi s own f ace, an d not behind iris back, when he was abscent. Now, says .1, what have you to say to me; Mansell ? He answered Me, Sir, and said that he had . not calumniated me; but he added, in a most insinivating vein, • I know something about you.' Well, by reason of this, and being cut to the quick by this caustical humour, I 'responded that I had seen the day When 1 would have pulled his nose for . him, or the nose of any mai, who dare to,nittio so free with my person as to calumniate me when I was away, behind my back. Well, sir, he then but himself in ih attitude of defence, which of course offended me more, and by reason of that I said,' Now, will pull your nose.' And surely, sir, I have a perfect and in aleinable right to twitch a man's nose who has blown me. at he calls it, and treated me in an unsavoury manner. lle had back bite(' me before I scratched his face, which, by the by, took place in the &tingle to pull his nose." The complainant said that he has assured his fellow-worknien that he had not uttered any thing to his disparagethent; but instead of resting satisfied with that assurance, the defendant struck him repeatedly.— Bradbury was fined 20s.and costs. FOLLY or EXTOR'ttNG CONFESSIONS.—Yesterday, at the Police office, a young man named John Henderson, was placed before the magistrates, charged with-having pawned a quantity • of clothing, the property of his landlady. Mrs. Williams. Mrs. Williams, a• stout old Welsh woman stated, that the prisoner lodged with her . ; on Tuesday last she was at her drawers putting the clothes by, and saw the missing articles there; on Saturday she missed them all, and soon after.found a pawn ticket in the pocket of the prisoner, which induced her to suspect him of the theft. That morning she saw'him, and asked him how he came to take those things ? but he would not own to it at all. She at length got him persuaded to acknewledge he took the things, and ‘to give her the tickets. Mr. Hall—" Well, what did you say?" Mrs. Williams-i-" Persuaded him, you know." Mr: ► Hall—" But what did you say- ?" Mri. Williams —" Well, I told him there would be no more about it." Mr. Hall— " Exactly."—Mrs. Williams—" You know it would be a sad thing for me to lose these things ?"Mr.:Hell—" I can do no- , thing with him now after th e pl e d ge y ou gave hi m; I must dis charge him. You see all the evidence I have against him is this, that he has giv en you th ese ti c k e t s on a prom i se that he shall bear no more of it. lie must be discharged. I must take the case as if there was no evidence at all against him. Passengers by the Lima Packet, Capt. Singleton, from Tri. nidad:—Captain Thorp, 89th Regt., and Lady; Mr. J. T. Bowld. This vessel sailed on the 21st of March, and was off Cape Clear on the Ist of May. • A BOLD ItvilifinEn.—A few, nights ago the house-door of Mrs. Copeland's residence, King -street Soho, was 'opened, about eleven o'clock, with a master key, by a man of genteel appearance, whom Mri. 0. perceived ; , and mistaking :him for a gentleman residing in the house, offered him 'a , candle. On receiving this mark-of attention, the iiitinder, (whose premedi tate is were-such AS - , no doubt, caused him to love darkne ss fret , an light,) suddenly turned round and ran away. l t h • Nl CATHOLIC CH A pm..L;•••On Thursday, the 3d instant, the. corner-stone of a new catholic •ehapel, now in progress of erec tion at Rainhill, was laid by Mrs. Gerard, the lady of William Gerald, t so. After the ceremony, a splendid dinner was pro vided for the numerous visitors by Bartholomew Bretherton, Esq., at whose sole expense the chapel is to be erected. The style.of the chapel (of which MIA. Dawson. of Preston, is the architect) is that of a Grecian temple, of the lonic order. _ CHESTER II Al_., ,: . 7' ' k j . ii. ,1 7.. ' . '1 ' ' ,-,‘;''' 1:2vo;‘. MON IJA'T, , MAY r.. A .r,.-'Let. -- I t,,,., -, -, ~W . •N -1 4, r .-- - These races commenced yesterday; illei e s ' . ettweee ,:, congregated on the walls and on the cikCrsl4l ~. re1.) 541 0 ..:: a greater display of beauty ma fashioh2f nue; Yin • 114v.vacte. 4 fur the Tradesmen's Cup has ptoved versatt ' ' .., -- ,4oqt la" said that the knowing ones ha've . bi;erfi'?l,4 ' 11iii_....:1ii„,./ ' t 4 4 The Trial Stakes, of 15 sovs each, with 50 oilt;;1411s1by the Stand Committee. • AJnee'round. ' Mr E. Peel's gr c Saul. 3 yrs G. Whitehouse 1 Mr Worthington's bc by Battledore, 3 yrs ..:.;..'..;Clarke 2 Lord Derby's b f Miss Bowe, 4 yrs 4 " ' Lye 3 Sir T. Stanley's b e Pamtutm, 4 yrs ' Templeman 4 sto 4 agst Miss Bowe, sto 2 agst Saul. The latter took the lead to the Ship Yard, at a very good pace, was then headed by Miss Bowe to the distance, where Saul abut vial and won easy by two lengths. • A Produce Sweepstakes, of 50 .sots each, h ft. Two miles. 7 subscribers. Mr F. R. Price's Isar br c Captain Pops, by Priam M. Jitney 1 Sir R. W. Bulkeley's b f Ficcotee, by Teniers ' Darling 2 Lord Westminster's b f by Pantaloon—Banter Holmes 3 ' Even and 5t04 on Piccotee; 2to I against Captain 'Pops ; 3to 1 agst Lilly by Pantaloon. Piccottee went off first at a mo derate pace, but which she increased at the first half mile ; three quarters of a mile from home Captain Pops'passed tbe Banter filly, at the distance shot a bead of Piceotee, and won cleverly by a length. . The Tradesmen's Plate, of 200 sovs in spetitr, added to a Han dicap Sweepstakes of 20 soya each, 10 sovi fi, and 5 sovs ft only if declared on or before the Ist February. To start at the Castle-pole, run twice round, and end at the coming-in chair. The second horse to receive 25 sovs. Mr T. Walter's br h King Cole, 5 yrs, 7st 81b MarloW 1 Lord Eglinton's b g The Potentate, 6 yrs. 7st 1314.... Lye 2 Mr Mostyn's bin Birdlime, aged, 9st Bth . Darling 3 Mr Barrow's li in Catherine, aged, Bst 10th W. Lear 0 Genaral Yates's ch h Sylvan, 6 , yrs, 9st 81b.... Teintdernan 0 Mr Fowler's kw to Mersey, 5' yrs, fist Illb _. Cbapple U Mr F. R. Price's tar h Wentworth, 5 yrs Sat 31b ...Holmes 0 Mr Robinson's Whaley, 5 yrs, Bst 31b S. Rogers 0 Captain Lamb's ch c Chit Chat, 4 yrs 'Calloway 0 Lord Miltown's ch h Fusilerr, 5 yrs, 7st 6lb • Powell 0 Mr J. Allen's bin Vesper, 5 yrs, 7st 51b ' J. Gray 0 Lord Derby's to c Parolles, 4 yrs, 7st W. Boyce 0 Mr B. Collett's br c Conservative, 4 yrs, fist 12th Wakefield 0 Mr J. 0. Fairlie's br g Zuhrab, aged, Sit Ilb Cartwrig ht 0 Seven declared and paid 5 sues each, and sit: drew and paid 10 says each. 4 to 1 agst Potentate, 41 to I 'a . ii, Birdlime, 6 to I agst Wentworth, 8 to I agst"T'arolles, 10 to 1 agst Zobrab, 12 to 1 agst Mersey, the winner not mentioned:" Parolles made the running, and MaMtnined it to the last half mile, where King . Cole went up. headed him, cana'e out, and won cleverly by a length. At startitig Birdlime bad the eall, and became Ars,. favourite. She was beaten by two lengths. Ran in 4 minutes 36 seconds, A Sweepstakes, of 5 sovs each, with 50 sovs added by the Stand Comtniltee, for horses that never won before the day of entry fur the plates. Heats, two miles. Lord Warwick's bc by Brutandorf, 3 yrs....* Dodgson 1 1 Mr Pursell's br c Late Bird, 3 yrs G. Whitehouse 0 2 Sir 'l'. Stanley's ch cby Bay Melton, 3 yrs.. Cartwright 2 0 Mr Wilson Patten's - br c Percy.*3 yrs.... Bemtzreider 0 0 Mr Tempest's ch c Pedlar, by Belzoni ; 3 yrs.. W. Jones 0 0 Mr T. Torthanfa eh f Bethany, 4 yrs • Darling 0 0 Mr. Wise's ch c Contentment, 3 yrs Chapple 0, 1.1 Captain-Lamb's cb c Metal, 4 yrs ' Calloway 3 d Mr Arrowsmith's ch f Margravine, 3 yrs J. Gray 0 d Lord Ealinton's eh c Achilles, 3 yrs Lve 0 d Mr F. R. Price's b f Whirlwmd, 3 yrs Neale 0 d BASE HALF SOVEREIGNS.—The public Would - do well to be on their guard in giving change for half sovereigns, as a set of persoiware going about to Shops and public-houses fur the pur pose of putting oil spurious coin, purporting to 'be a half sovereign of the date of 1817, little - more than half the weight of a good One. They are well executed, and are of a pale yellow colour, and when rubbed hard show white. ATTEMPTED HIGHWAY RORBERY.— , -AS a servant maid of Mr. Chapman, residing in Shaw-street, was proceeding home wards on Ttrnrsdav evening, about half-past eight, she was stopped near Augustine 's Church by two men, who began to rifle he; packets. She.' screamed out, and a person happen ing to come up at the instant, the rultianS•ran away with all speed. The young woman had got a£s 'nnte changed shortly before, and had the change in her hand at the time the thieves were searching her pockets; BUILDING Socirry U . LES.—The great increase of building societies in ,this and the neighbouring towns i . is a fact which must. he weTlll6nown to our readers; and govtirnment, we un derstamt-vfillt a consideration for their intetests, which entitles . _ it to great praise, haS had drawn , UP a tidily of very excellent .rules for the guidance of those which may yet be formed, as well as forms of tn&rtgage, both of which are , iutended for gra tuitous distribittion. The ruts s have been • drhwt; up by Tidd Pratt, Esq., and the forms of Mortgake by Revell Philips, Esq.- - - ACCiDENT.—Op Thursday morning Andrew AVAlain, mate of the Ishoro', when in a state of intoxication, , felt into the Sahhouse Dock. A young. seaman named Andiew Kevin, at the risk of his oWn life, immediately jumped Into the water, and with the assistance of a, policeman and others, succeeded in getting the mate on shore. 'He was taken to a receiving house in a dingerous state, and.a surgeon called to attend him. . SWINDLING.—On Thursday evening a woman entered the shop of Mr. Riley, grocer, St. James's-street, and ordered Nibs. of tea and 2f lbs. of coffee. A boy, at her request, was sent along with her to receive payment for the goods: They proceeded together, and arrived at a house in Dickinson -street, at the front door (.1 which the woman kuocked, and, having been admitted, told the boy to wait outside. The boy most. probably, had he waited there until the reappearance of the lady, Might by that time have had a ." pret , t a yc e o n nsidera g b r l e e; long beard ou his face; hut he either lacked patience or suspicious, and abandoned his post. 'lnquiries were instituted at the house in question, when the occupier stated that the woman, who had been in the habit of calling there, and offering tea fur sale, but of whom she knew nothin. , further, had entered her house, (with the basket containing the tea and coffee,) and that she had immediately after left it through the yard door, which opens into Frederick-streeL• From this statement it may be inferred that the lady has been in business as a tea and coffee dealer for some time. • On Monday last, the fall of snow was so heavy in the Peak of Derbyshire, especially at Matlock, Darley, &c., as to im pede the progress of travellers fur some time. In the course of three years 1,500 utiles of railway will have been executed in England alone ; and calculating the average cost, exclusive of engines, at £20,000 per mile, thirty millions will have been expended upon them. Tng CROPS.—k friend, in joutneying:through several coup: , ties, writes to us this week, (saj,s a contemporary) and states, the young wheats are now every wlterer'velsittle, just a pp4a,ri ag above their parent .earth. They are backwittrl, of course, but we are happy to see that in a vast majority of Casesi they are of a right healthy colour and appearance, and already promise very . well.—Leeds latelliyeucer. ..- SIAFFIELD CORPORATION PETITIONS.—Caps. Jebb, hiscon eluded his enquiries as to the 'number of rate-payers, and the amount of their' rates attached to the petitions for and against a charter. The result is as follows :—Foi a charter; number of rate-payers, 1970; amount of assevonent, £46,013. Against the charter: rate-payers. 1539; amount of assesstneht £76,74110. KESWICK...—BLACK LEAD.—The uety Black Lead Mining Company, commenced operations in - Borrowdale, on Monday, at nu great distance front the mines of the old firm, but within the manor. of Gen. Wyndham. The success of the new com pany is most anxiously viished for by the track-lead pencil ma nufacturers of *Keswick, who in. that case would no 'doubt be permitted to enjoy the same privilege, with regard to purchas ing the lead, as th ose that hale long been enjoyed by the Lon. don makers.—.Carlisle Putriot. BENEFIT OF NIiw Courtin ATIONS.—At a meeting of the Town Council, at the Guildhall, Walsall. on Thursday, a conversa tion took place on the financial difficulties of the present Coun cil. in conbequence of debts which they hadlin present means of paving, and Mr. James proposed, and Mr. D. Badger se conded, that a rate of sixpense in the pound, on the rateable pro perty in the borough„ should be levied, for the purpose of en abling them to meet their pi esent liabilities. (in a division, the resolution was carried by a majority of seven to five. This is, we are informed, the first town-rate Aver levied in Walsall. • • ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMER GENERAL MON AGAS_AT D.4l3.—We hail with fileasure the arrival here, on• Wednesday last, of the steamer General Monagas, frowthe- Clyde. The vessel was built by Mr. • Duncan, of Greenock, for our very ~ ,nterpriqing fellow-colonist, Julien de Gourville, Esq , and brought out by that gentleman, for the purpose of trading in cattle, between The Main, this Island, '.and the neighbouring colonies. Considering that the vessel , came in 49 days, not withstanding she carried away, her mist head, that she is but 46 tons burlhen, and encounred most tremendous weather, during the early part of her voyage, she behaved remarkably well.—Port of Spain Gazette. March 9., _ . dIiESTER AND 13111KENHEND RAILWAY.—On Thursday last, the first spade was put into the ground or this line and a for mai commencement made. The contractors have been, for some time past, preparing for a start ; , and the agent having declared, before Mr. Clarke, the magistrate, that the whole of the money necessary was subset ibed, it was deteimined, that on the day namedabove; the ceremony of breaking giouhd should take place. Aieordingly, Messrs. Hutchinson and Jackson, .Di reetors,•attet.ded by Mr. James, the Treasurer, left Birkenhead, and proceeded to Lower ilehingion, where they were met by the codttactois, and Mr. Dixon, the resident engineer. A num-i ber of werkmen, who had assembled, received the . party with loud cheers. Mr. Jackson immediately commenced the opera tion of titling the first barraw, which. he wheeled into the hot= low, amid the loud and continued acclamation of the men. ' A. very bountiful supply of bread, cheese, and ale, was then tributed to theipei sons assembled, who drank success to the un. dertaking ' and commenced working shortly after. The railway is expected to open in two years from this time, and it will, no doubt, prove, when completed; a line of 'the utmost utility, not wily to Liverpool, but tu'all the places in the interior. STEAMING EXTRAGRIONAILY.--Yesterday afternoon, Mr. Walter Hancock, the steam:carriage engineer, accompanied by two friends, rode from Stratford, and through the principal streets' of the city,in a steam-gig ! Mr. Hancock remained a considerable time in front of Guildhall, now and then guiding his gig adroitly round the open Space. A great number of .per sons were present. A notice was painted on the back of the gig, stating that Mr. Hancock had no connexion with the •• Steam Carriage and Waggon Company." Every one seemed surprised of the ease with which lie threaded his way through the crowd of vehicles Cheapside, Leadenhall-street, and other crowded thmoughfaresi The- gig &topped opposite the Bank for a few minutes, when the machinery was inspected by Mr. Old ham, the engineer of the Bank. Dining Mr. Hancock's terq- B o tary absence, much amusement was ra i se d b y one of t h e ank porters rtnrripously ordering the gentlemen left in the gig to " move on," the latter declaring he could not. Mr.. Ha ncock, however, soon returned, when the machine, obedient to the guidance of its master, moved on in fine style, and returned without accident, to Stratford.—Herald of Friday. ' A liter): A MAN 14'ITII FILE WlVES!—Captain John Alex- , ander Wilmot, late of the. I.7th Lance's, and• of the Queen of Spain's service, has been finally examined before the Rochester magistrates, at the Guildhall, on several .charges of bigamy. The captain was dressed in the first style of fashion, having. lavender kid gloves, over which he . wore a splendidly-jewelled ring ; he treated the charge with'great levity, and occasionally, applied a handsome smelling-bottle to his nose. Sarah Short, Anne Knight, and Rachael Lamb, three of the prisoners wives, when then severally called on to appear, but neither of the infatuatedladies would give evidence against him. Powell, the clerk of St. George's, Hanover-square, produced the register ; of the prisoner's marriage in 1837, with Mrs. Anne fiedgraiN a widow... 'Th e clerk .of St. Margaret's, Rochester, • peoduced the register of his second marriage at that church, to Crisp, also in 1837. These marriagei being proved lCi- parties who had been . present at the ceremoniee,,and the pr&oner fully identified, he was called upon to state anything hr: e tiiight be' ad. , vised, but refused to address the bench. •The magistrates then .fully coututitted hint to Maidstone gaol for trial. The prisoner'S solicitor demanded, that the magistrates should. receive bail; which was assented to, and forty-eight hourenotice• of bail to to the amount of £4OO was ordered to be given. As the pri-1 soner was removed from the hall, the crowd outside hooteid atnt groaned at him, which they continued to do until 'be left thq city.—Maidstone Gazette.. . 41,1