The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-01-23 00:00:00

trA it 23 I S:- 8. pending the constitution of Lower Canada. We leave the phi losophical historian to reconcile the theoretical professions of the whigs with their ,actual performances." This language Will, no doubt, surprise many of the readers of the Albion, especially those who have rnepto ries sufficiently retentive to tententber the unbounded praise which the Albion has bestowed, for the last feiv years, upon the virtuous and immaculate Whig ministry. A ahort tinie since, in cOmmon with the other radical papers of Liverpool, the Albion identified the Melbourne ministry with every thing that was liberal, .good, and honourable. Now, it abuses the same ministry in terms as strong as any that it ever applied to the'Tories: Where is the 'change ? Have the ministers become more conservative ?• or has the Albion become more ra dical in its principles ? From a subsequent article in the Albion we are led to the conclusion that the ministers have actually turned Conservatives. Over this strange conversion the Albion utters the following doleful lamentations:— The debates in the Houses of Lords and Commons, on the Canada question, justify the opinion we ventured to express, last week, that the political movements to which the revolts in the upper and lower province had given rise, in this country, would be found, on the reassembling of parliament, to'have diminished the parliamentary influence of the radical, and to have increased that ,f the whit' and the tory party. The proceedings in the House of Commons, on Tuesday and Wednesday nights, Show that we were right in our conjecture. The radical strength was evidently diminished, while the whip strength, augmented, as it was sure tti be, by the undivided and hearty support of the tories, overwhelmed the miserable minority who stood forward in defence of the Canadians, and of their own conduct in reference to those colonists. Mr. Hume, who has always taken a leading part in the debates on the affairs of Canada, was attacked by whigs and tories alike. He had not an opportunity of defending himself, and none of his usual supporters came to his assistance . was silent, and.-Sir Was, klulesworth opened not his mouth.' It seemed as if the tadical`party, aware of the false move which they had made, immediately on the arrival of the first intelligence of the outbreak in Canada, were anxious, by acting discreetly, not to. make bad worse. As it was, the debates wereall on the side of the government, who will carry their most stringent measures against Canada by more swinging majori ties than they formerly carried their atrocious measures of coer cion against Ireland." We shall not stop, to inquire minutely into the causes of the " diminished strength" of the radicals. It will suffice to . say that it has been chiefly owing to the reac tion which 'has taken place in the country in consequence of the rebellion in Canada. The dangerous tendency of radical, or, rather, revolutionary principles, has been so strongly•manifested by the proceedings of the Canada "patriots," that the sober and reflecting people of Eng•• land have become more and more convinced of the ne cessity of adhering to the constitutional doctrines of conservatism. The Canada rebellion has effected, on a small scale, what the French revolution did. The latter annihilated the deistical republicans of the corresponding s'ocreties 7 ;the former has dealt a death-blow to the redi-, calistu of the present day. s. We should perhaps. be justified in stating further that the recent. disclosures made respecting the Glasgow cot ton spinners have had some effect in strengthening the general antipathy to radicalism. The ringleaders in the diabolical schemes of the trades' unions have been uni formly .d4tinguished by their ultra liberal opinions. This association of radicalism with a system of terrible intimidation and murder has naturally excited the ap prehensions of the pUblic, and given a strong impulse to the prevalent reaction. One word mote with the Albion. In the following paragraph it distinctly intimates the probability of a co alition between the. Whigs and the TOries : " Lord Gienelg is a Scotchman : it is evident, however, that he "has kissed the far famed Blarney Stone, and that the Duke of Wellington, who is an Irishman, has had the benefit of us fine a piece of blarney as ever trading politician bestowed on the illustrious leader of a powerful opposition. This occurrence coupled with the unwonted harmony which both Whigs and Tories exhibited, in the debates in the upper as well as in the lbwer house, " to thicken other proofs," that the time is not far distant when the country will see the two great aristocratic fac lions forgettiag their differences, and joining together to throw the Radicals overboard. The Duke•of Wellington's visits to the PalaCe and the Castle will not be without fruit. The miles will have some share, eielocg, in the councils of the Queen; wit!ittien,we shall, as the showman says,'" see what we shall see.." " - We shall See what we shall see,'' certainly ; but the ay h. .d nut vet arrived when we shall expect to see such a .*9tion as the one which the Albion hints at. At all events such an occurrence will not take place unless 'the WhigX shake off all their old habits of deception, sub serviency, and . irtConSiStency. Such a coalition may take place when the Whigs become Conservatives—but no sooner. THE EASTHAM FERRY.—In the STANDARD of Friday last we inserted the following paragraph relative to the state of the weather : " THE Faosr.— The long continuance of the frost has frozen the river Dee for twelve Miles above Chester, and the Mersey . is now impassable to Eastham, large sheets of ice extending from the quarantine vessels to the shore. Last night the frost was more intense than it has ever yet been this winter. The ther mometer stood at 16, and there is every appearance of the fros continuing." The circumstances which followed the publication of this intelligence it is our present business to detail. We should, however, premise, that Eastham Ferry is situated on the Cheshire side of the River Mersey, and is a place of considerable importacce. The proprietor of this es tablishment is Sir Thomas Stanley,. and the present oc cupier is a Mr. Richard Smith, but to which of the many branches of this patrician family he belongs it is not our province to inquire. This ferry possesses also a coach ing establishment, from which place passengers are for• warded to Cheiter; and•every place of importance in the principllity of Wales. The Liverpool branch of this establishment is situated in James. street, tinder the su perintendence of Mrs. Dud. Thus far we have reviewed the topographical and statistical circumstances of this flourishing ferry. It would perhaps be . well t o ment i on that the best of " good cheer" is provided for all nho can afford to pay, both at the • ferry and the branch esta blishment at Liverpool. But we must proceed to notice the circumstances which followed the publication of the above paragraph.. An express was immediately sent off to Eastham, by the route of the - Rock Ferry; and mea sures adopted to counteract the effects which tilight-result from the communication of such intelligence. The testy 'dame of James -street felt disposed to take the law into • her own)lands, and,.as an interesting prelude, expressed ; her wish to pull the ears of - the:Editor-of the STANDARD. We are, however,: extremely. sorry that. measures have .been adopted which forbid her. the indulgence tA this. very delicate. and interesting Operation. On tire arrival of the express at Eastbam, the messenger found Mr. Richard Smith in no very agreeable mood; arising, first, from the powerful opposition Of Mr. Catherall, of Mold, ; - Mr. Hughes, .of Aberg e l e , an d Messrs. Jones and Her bert; and, secondly, from the effect's of a nine weeks 'indisposition. A consultation was immediately help', the-first proof afforded by Mr: Smith that his reason 'tad not suffered by his long affliction was, his making the t -discovery that if the Mersey was froieu over, the packets could nut ply ; that if the packets coiild not ply, ac; pas. sengers could come across, and, consequently, the coaches must go empty. It was therefore resolved that ' instructions should be sent to the Chroriii4e to contradict the statement of the STANDARD, and that legal proceed; ings . be : forthwith commenced for compensation. In the otir ae o f Saturday we accordingly received the following note from Mr. Smith's solicitor : .. . .. ... . . . . . . " Canning-h u ildi ngs, South .John-street, " 20th January,. 1838. " SJit,-1 am desired by Mr. Smith, of EaBthain, to apply to, you fur eoinpeusatiou for d amages susta i ned by _ him, a tbrough a paragraph published by you, In your STANDARD paper of vesterday, of the impassable state of the rivet Mersey front -Liverpool to Eastliatu, through the frost. i" I remain Sir, . . " Your obedient Servant, " JuHN CHEYNE." Riehd. Pattispott„Esq., Publisher of the Livuuroot. Stsrioaito." • As we have not received any estimate of the damages sustained by our statement, we cannot furni;.:h our rea ders with any particulars. The professional gentleman engag e d by Mr. Smith is, we doubt not, employed in ascertaining the number of passengers who crossed at the lower ferries in consequence of our paragraph, and the probable loss sustained both at the branch establish ment and the Ft!! ry-houst. The claniage,, we stilvose,, inclut.. loss of cutout in tl.z fprm 9f ale, spirit*, and ci :ars, As IA e l o v e to be particular in ail„titters lecluirinfr legal investigatiOn, we shall instruct our solicitor to obtain a return of the number of passengers who have crossed to Eastham Ferry during the past week, and the ' numbers . who have proceeded by, coach. The trifling damage sustained owing to loss of custom we shall not dispute. Mr. Richard Smith, with an ingenuity some what similar to that which he states belongs to Mr. Catherall, of •Muld, has thought proper not to question the correctness of our statement. We can supply abundant evidence that the drift ice down the river did render the passage to Eastharir impracticable, and also obstructed the passage to all the lower ferries, including Seacombe. If he doubts the validity of our statement let him ask the captains of the different ,boats how fre ()trendy they were firmly locked in the ice, and were obliged to blow off the steam. But this interruption was felt in domriion by the proprietors of the different ferries, although Eastham, from its locality, might suffer more severely. But we would ask, is this a reason why com pensation should be sought for at the hands of a public journalist ? If so, we would recommend, : from a love of equity, that the proprietors of the different ferries I should also put in their claim, if indeed they would imitate such an example of meanness. How admirably does the conduct of Mr. Smith contrast with his address to the public respecting the secession of Messrs. Catherall. Hughes, Jones, and Herbert ! With what deep anxiety does he make his appeal to the public respecting the treatment he has received at the hands of these gentle men! How he labours to excite the sympathy of the public by detailing his sufferings ! We ourselves have almost been moved to tears by the affecting narrative, and more especially so, as there does nut appear any chance of obtaining compensation. But we rejoice, and doubt not, tie public shate our joy,'"tharthere is a prospect "of his coach being again on the road." He, disinterestedereature, states that "sooner than the pub lic shall suffer by such a nionopol), he will make *those exertions which lie feels little doubt will enable him, in a feW'days, to place his coach again on the road; " and we suppose it will also call at the Cross Foxes Hotel and the Cross Keys Inn, Ruthin. We have made these re marks as a warning te our contemporaries in Cheshire and Wales. It is possible that when Mr. Smith's coach is again on the road, a heavy fall of. snow may take ' place, and block up the roads, in which case should any of our contemporaries give publicity to the fact, they will be liable to an action at common law for damages sustained through the coach not being able to proceed as usual. We have, however, great pleasure in informing our readers that a thaw has taken place, and we would request Mr. Smith to forward instruction to the Chro nicle, as it appears these gentlemen do not judge of the correctness of a statement by the evidence of their senses, but by the instructions they receive. If, however, Mr. Smith has sustained any damage, we would recommend him to apply to the Conservators of the River Mersey, Who should have prevented the drift ice from obstructing the navigation to East ham. And perhaps,we might also with considerable propriety advise the fair combatant of JaMes-street to indulge her propensity upon the ears of the same gentry. RA.DICAL TRICKERY.—We understand that the radicals of this town have had recourse to one of their usual ditty tricks foithe purpose of swelling the number of signatures to the petitions nbw lying on the counters of various huxters and slop-dealers in town. The expedient to which we allude, and which is quite in keeping with the mean practices of this despicable party, is, that of placing sheets to be appended to the petition fur the Abolition of Negro Apprenticeship on the same counter with those which are to be attached to the petitions for the ballot, universal suffrage, &c.; and representing the necessity of signing the latter as well as the former, is . if their object were the same ! We have been credibly informed that a great number of conservatives, w he are favourable to the views of the anti-abolitionists, have been thus entrapped to give their sanction to the ultra radical petitions to which we have alluded.. We therefore feel it to be incumbent upon us to put our friends on their guard against such a flagrant impntiton. :NY tk sincerely trust that the revolt'- tionary faction will obtain few signatures -to their peti tions: Whatever number they may obtain, we hope that the public will make a very large allowance forsignaiures obtained in the surreptitious manner which we have described. THE EMIGRATION AGENTS.—In a previous number of the STANDARD we inserted an authorised statement 'of the number of emigrants who had, sailed from this port during the last year, together with an account of the va rious sums of money recovered from the agents, who had been subject to legal prosecution for imposition and fraudulent conduct towards the poor emigrants consigned to their care. The publication of this statement, although attested by the clearest evidence, has been the occasion of much offence, and several letters have been addressed to us, reflecting on the conduct of Lieutenant Low, the government agent at this port. In the discharge of our duty, Ne have given 'publicity to two letters, which have been of some service, inasmuch as they have led to in quiry. At the, request of Lieutenant. Low, we visited the government office yesterday, and inspected the va rious books and documents connected with that office. The result of our investigation was not merely a satis factory conviction that government had interfered in be half of the poor emigrants, and appointed an officer to afford protection against the imposition of unprincipled .men, but also a discovery that those men who have been foremost in censuring the conduct of Lieutenant Low, are those against whom complaints have most frequently been preferred. The information we acquired has de• termined our conduct for the future, and we shall decline the insertion 4f any communications having a tendency to injure the government agent. We conceive that the public are most deeply interested in this matter. The emigrant should be protected, and not left a prey to those designing sharpers who first rob and after wards desert him. The bookS are open to the public, and exhibit a system of villany which is a disgrace to the port of Liverpool. The character of our merchants, our brokers, our tradesmen, and all interested in the pros perky of our town, demands an exposure of that nefarious syStern which, during the past year, has been the ruin of hundreds of poor but industrious peasants. 'The length. of our erinadtan 'intelligence prevents us from entering minutely into this subject, but we shall resume it on Priddy. In the Meantime, we would suggest to the government the propriety of giving publicity to their. various offi'cial appointments, for 'the protection of emi grants, which might be done at a very trifling expense, either by the circulation of handbills, or, perhaps iu a more effective and still cheaper way, by furnishing every postmaster in the United Kingdom with a list of the. various' government agents. This would be a most effective way Of remedying the evil, as emigrants' would be directed where to apply, and thus be protected against, imposition and robbery. But we shall return to this subject. THR LIVER THEATRE continues by the spirited and really clever acting of a well chosen company to draw crowded houses. VuutAC TEsrtmoNtAL OR. •REsPEcT.—The. fdends of the 4VA% Prince Crawford, M.A., assistant minister of St. Mark's Church; have presented him with the sum - lit one - hundred guineas, as a testiviony of their respect and affection. . . LOVERS OF GOOD ALE.—We, assure our readers that a better glass of ale is not to be had .in Liverpool than at the John Bull, in Lumber-street. We have, seld-im,tasted a more delicioui beverage than Mr: Rowlands' Old Tenpe4ny. . . . NIIt. GEoItGE EYTON'S CONCEIIT.—I! will be teen from an advertisement in another colunnt, that. Mr. G. Eton announces his 12th annual Concert for Wednesday evening,, at Mr. Las sell's Saloon, ; St. Anise's... Mr. G. Eyton is welt known to the iintilic as a performer on the piano -forte and violin of first -We talents and of considerable standing,..and taking into consider ation the attractive programme he has put out, from which it appears that be has engaged all the local musical talent of the town and nei g hb our h oo d , compi4iug upwards of 100 per . [(m iters; we d o not d ou b t b ut that his concert will be well at tended. ; CONCERT AT THE THEATIi, tiOiAL.--LWe . percieve that otq talented townsman, Mr. George Holden, has announced his intention of giving a grand miscellanerms!cdncert, op an ex- tensive scale, at the Theatre Royal. The music selected for . 'the occasion i s o f t h e c h o i cest c h aracter, and we have no ,doubt, from the well known character, of Mr. Holden, and the per formers vrl he has engaged, that ample justice a ill,be done to these boibposithins. The professional celebrity of Mrs. Alfred Shaw is generally known ; and Miss Bruce, whose name cp H rs in . the it s dveitisement, has distinguished herself at th e Phi barn:attic. and Ancient Concerts. Sh e w as a pupil of Sir George. Stkarrs.... We trust that the Liverpool public. wtu attest, be their extensive patronage. bow much they appreciate TFIE LIVERP()OI, STANDARt) forms the scull, and the scull takes on the shape of the brain, and nut the braiu the shiioe of rue scull. But will not the-scull pi event sod. knowing the shape of the brain afterwards? In some .i u stances it will, and will lead to errors; but not much in a healthy scull. It is very nearly of the saute thickness allover. If there is a proluinenee in the brain the skull is prominent In very old age the scull mar be thickened in some parts. But though thelime has retreated from it- you wilt see it maintains the saute character. Therefore, in very old age we should be a little cautious; but fortunately iu very old age character is so fully established that yon don't want the aid of the 'phrenolo gist. Thaf is one reason why at 2.1 or 25 a man's character firms;- the sutaresclose up and the skull preventschange. There is also another source of error likely to arise. Over the eyes at the rout of the nose you see many people with a large bony ridge.. Dues the brain come there also? No. After youth, from 15 to 20, the two bones of the skull-separate, and you have what is called afrontal :sinus. But. you may know whether there is brain under it or not, for it is more acute in its edges. That forms a difficulty which interferes with the judgnient of the brain behind it. But it is a difficulty of 'so small an amount that though we bear it in Mimi it is not of great i cousequeitice. And after you have examined heads Sufficiently you will be able to ascertain as to wh'ether the frontal sinus be large or not. If the skull be of equal sickness. you have the means of ascertaining t h e s h a pe of the brain by the shape of the skull. At least, I defy any body to dispute the faCts of this argument. We prove the brain is the organ of the mind, and .that it is divided in its operations—that the mind is manifested in different parts. How shall we find that part of the brain which manifests any different part of the mind? It is manifest that no preconceived theory could give you any knowledge of this alone. Expertence alone can give it. Lavater thought h. could distinguish man's cha racter by physiognomy—by the features, by the expression that mind has thrown into a man's features; but it is clear that iu society where men-have so much to conceal with the expression of the mind and the endeavour to conceal it you have a cern pound character; whilst some have nothing to conceal, and.-their features therefore express, nothilig. Lavater's book is full of hypothesis, and when he gives you instances—that the open and unsuspecting eye, and the open and unsuspecting heart shall in a thousand instances go together; and asks, "shall we not say that this is cause and effect ?" Shakspeare says no, 'a man can smile, and murder while be smiles.'" Camper thought by the facial line he should have the measure of the intellect of a man; and he - was justified in making this attempt when we look at the ancient statues. He called the angle formed by two lines, one drawn from the forehead to the front of the uoper jaw, and aheother in. a line from the front of the upper jaw to the ear, the - facial angle; and io proportion, as. that. angle was more or 'less acute we should have inure or less intelligence—that the obtuse' tingle would denote much intelligence, the acute one very little The ancients made the statue of Jupiter have the ! field angle alWays upwards of 100 degrees* ' and their heroes h9O 'degrees. To their gladiators and those of less intelligence they gave a much, less angle; and Lavater has published in his book a table of angles from man to the frog, which comes clown to an angle of twenty degrees. The angle iu a horses' head is only twenty-five. It was a very specious mode of endeavouring to arrive at the quantity of intelligence; it showed the quantity before the ear, but it did upt show the width, or the height, or any of the quantity behind. And it is only true to a certain extent, because, in the negro head the angle is very acute, not because the forehead recedes so much, but because the jaws protrude so much—a deformity peculiar to the monkey tribe; and therefore this plan is deficient eve❑ in its own intentions, It was again thought by another philosopher that if a line were drawn from the hole through which the spinal marrow goes, he could tell the quantity of brain in the scull ; but that is deficient in ail things. Cnvier, *bearing in mind the quality and size of the braiu in man, ascertained the area, or number of square inches that the brain occupied, and thought that the mind might be ascertained by that. But - absolute size does not give you the amount of intelligence. The brain o f th e e l e ph an t i s l a r ge r than, man's, but not so its intelligence; therefore absolute size does nut give a measure of intelligence; therefore absolute size fails. (The lecturer here instanced water in the bead, where the brain becomes of immense size, as not indicating a measure of intel ligence, and exhibited a pathological plaster cast.) Does the relative size of the face tell you anything ? It has been thought it did. Look at Montaigne,. Burns, Voltaire, Byron,- Pone, some with large, some with very small faces; therefore this system fails, and all other systems fail but the phreuological system, and an accident discovered the truth ; but an accident WhiCh can only happen to genius." It was an accident which discovered to IS''ewton the system of the universe, in au apple falling from a tree. But how many apples might have fallen on men not geniusses before the discovery had been made. Dr. Gall was struck at school with the . touch greater facility that other buys had in learning by heart than he had, and so annoyed was he by this comparative difference that he thought there was something detective in the school. He changed the school, but he still found the same thiug, ethers surpassed hint. This led him to think, and when he. saw among his own bi:others and sisters every variety of talent, he was led to consider whether orgatlizatiou had not something to do with it ; and he noticed that all those who had the power of learning by heart possessed prominent eyes —what we call goggle eyes. T h is struck hire as a co-incidence; he 'was far front taking it as cause and effect. It stru c k hint further, does any other faculty if the mind so exhibit itself? and after many experiments on many things, he got togeth e r i n his house 'nen of all characters—men known to be thievesinen known to be fighters, and men known to he cowards. He watched them, made them drunk, and examined their heads.; so in process of time he accumulated a mass of facts which proved between these fighters and those cowards a great dissimilarity' in parts of the head, and put dawn those facts; he then took to this study, that the torumatiou of the skull is indicative of the formation of the mind: He went to prisinis and lunatic asylums, and laboured as few men have dune, and it was years before he began to teach that the skull indicated the shape of the brain, that the mind had several pri mitive faculties, that the brain had a variety of organs, the special function of each particular organ being to express some particular faculty, and that you could through the medium of the skull determine . the Yolume of the organ, and thereby the special quality. Th ese are t h e fi rst results of h is experiments and observations. In the, year 1800 Spurzheitti became his pupil' ti c iitlitudiii.l With him, and in 1804 Sputzlielin became his -associatei- . and to him we owe touch; the bi hieing phrenology into shape, the analyzing of it, the reducing of it into first prin ciples, and the removing of much of its verbiage. It required anther wan to do this. Among the mass of facts Gail was bewildered. Spurzbeim removed its errors, and formed that philosophical' system Which is nearly like the alphabet; you can take nothing away from it, nor add to it. They are both dead, and there is no living man capable of wearing their man tle. Thousands have rushed forward to support it, and the man who bears the largest part °lit is Mr. Geo, Coombe, who started as a bitter enemy of the science, and became, in its investiga tion, as every man will who will investigate it at all and know i t , a fi r m phrenologist.* - Dr. Viinont, the most strenuous supporter sea s phrenology g oiog u y , ne t , F iance ritten coustnencedespeciaiiy againsta bo o k avhit-h now phre nology. It proves that these men, from the very fact of their setting nut as impenents of phrenology, are firmly of opinion that phreuology is the true science of the hu ir ties. Well, how many primitive faculties ate theme? How man mind. We scythe Mind is divided into a variety of pri primitive facul mitive faculties. All philosophers have allowed hat the mind is so divided : that fear is not the same as courage , love as bate, mercy as cruelty—that the power of calculating numbers is not the same as the power of religious feeliug—that you will find theta developed in a great variety of manners in different na tions, and tribes, and individuals; consequently you have many u p g ri r i e n e i faculties in ng t h i e n mind tunderstandinglte tobedividin allowed will you show how many there are ? We allow primitive faculties to be those that are exhibited in one class of animals and not in another. It you go down to some classes of animals they never fight, others do. If you go to some animals you find them exceedingly fond of their offspring. The monkey is ex ceedingly attached to its offspring, and so is the cat. You find the male dog and the bull, and the ostrich, care nothing about their offspriug. There is a different faculty. So it is in the in dividual. The faculty of :earning mathematics has little to do with that of music. The faculty of learning, Greek and Latin has little to do with selt-esteetn The faculties of cruelly and kindness are different. Consequently there is another mode of ' i lly . es ti g aii e g what are and what are p o t p r i mary f acu l t i es. S o iildiseaes it you find any one p ower o f t h e m i n d destroyed rind others r emaining, you will find that one is an independent faculty. Au independent faculty is a primary faculty. The New Hollander cannot count four; Newton counted the stars: there is a difference there—that is, in the primary faculty. In dreaming, you have one faculty . awake and all the rest asleep. Th e refore, one part of the brain is awake and all the rest asleep. Then you have a variety of faculties. If you look into Coombe's beautiful book on phrenology., you have a variety of them de serit•ed, and it will tell ,sou what they are. I shall nut com mence ou them to-night, because of nine. Forming part of the animal formation, we were brought into the world; and the first thing we have to do is to support life. It is a faculty ex hibited iu a much greater degree in one animal than another. The faculty of eating is exhibited in a .much greater degree in one minuet than another; and you will find if you examine amongst men it is very much greater in one man than another. '('here was a history of a French prisoner who had a disease of this faculty, and his craving was so great that, for curiosity's sake, they allowanced him, to see what he would eat; and the quantity tie would eat was six pounds of raw beef,' tnur pounds of candles, and a variety of other ingredients, making sixteen pounds per day. That man, day after day, eat that. quantity, and was not satisfied with it. I once kuew a gentleman who had tit disease of this faculty—indeed, I attended him—and he - Would' go. into my • larder, and one day he took a whole loin of mutton amid picked the bones at once, -without any ceremony, and yet came at his usual hour fit dinner. You have a primary faculty there. What is it that makes a chicken, the moment it is out ails shell, pick tip the grain that is fitted fir it and re ject those which are not? What is it that makes the cow and the horSe immediately .pick the grass which is fitted for it and reject that'wbich is not ? We have given the name of alimenta liceaess to this faculty. It is proved that this faculty pr o du ces .discriminations rather than hunger'. In proportion to its de velopement, you have a gourmand or nut. You know that childieu will occupy the whole of the day, and the night too, in eating. You will find amongst all men who ate notorious tourniands—you will find they are very wide before the ear, nearly on a level with th e h o l e o f t h e ear . Y ou wil l f i nd thetas very wide at the temples, just before the middle of the ear; - and it gives a breadth us if the head were built on a solid toundation. And you will find amongst all animals that are parti cular in their food a peculiar development in thal part oft he brain. It is most essentially ordained. by God; and if you had n o t th a t desire t o take in nourishment you might feel pain in the stomach, but if there was no desire you would not take food. Yon might as Well take food When you felt pain city where else, You will find gourmands . and gre at eaters wider there than those who are careless about eating, or only eat with-a moderate appetite. It is said, that the temporal muscle which goes over there will deceive you, and make a wide appearance at the temples; but if the jaw be dropped the muscles are relaxed, and you will find that alimentativeness is very.manifest indeed. It was one of the ordinauces of God that the hi g h er c l aSses of an i ma l s should leave behind them an offspring to carry on the race. This subject. I cannot well enter into. But it is well known that amongst individuals there is a very great differeure in the feeling which causes the yeunger o f the sexes. to admire the others. You find some marry very early in life. Some are very much attached to females. Some care nothing about them and live,and die bachelors. Pitt I may instance ; be cared no thing about thetn, and lived and died a statesman. You will find th'at where this feeling is very strongly developed that you will have a very powerful development at the base of the skull —at the very buttons part where it jeins the neck. You cannot have tailed on readiug the neWspapets, which-every lady reads, as well as gentlemen, to have read where men have not stopped at anv thing, even the destruction of themselves, soul. and body, in following out this feeling. I pass trout that; it is one of those faculties essential to the continuance of the race, sod is called amativeness. But when you have voting beings born it is neces sary they should lie cared for. Now if our intellectual or. rea soning faculties were all we had to depend on for the' support of our children, I alms afraid they would come badly off. .At all events animals would. Animals have not reason enough to t;ike care of ofr-to ing ; 1 um sure no feeling of selfishness-would inilece'you to take care of child rep;, and yet an-Ripest animals and emunest (niftiest) sex ient happy to say you have feelings for )tear offsprings. pfiwerfuLthat it is a feeling of attachment that absorhsreteiy other for the time being. You have. linu dreds of iiistaa,4:'of this, - thOUgli children are a trouble by day and you by [tight. ('i'he lecturer here gave an instance „ distance she dropped her pups, and brought one in her mouth to her ,journey's end, and funnediately returned for the others, which sue brought one after the other, in this way travelling . 180 miles, when she hopped down dead.) , You have heard of Nelson's attack on the bear how she defended her cubs; and you who are mothers have felt this attachment in all its intensity. It was necessary that we should have some faculty which should induce us to take care of the infant which cant,et take cane of itself, when the child is only one continued .source of trouble. They had an instance the other day of this feeling before the Lord Mayor of Lontravii, of a woman wanting the father of a child to aff nil something for its subsistence, when the father said, "-I will rake the child." "No," said-the mother, allow me something to support it; I cannot bear to leave my child." This is called philoptugenitiveners—the love of offspring.. It is situated on the back part of the head, firming the lower pro minence on the head. You find a very great difference indeed on the head. I have heard that German heads are not pro• tninent in this part; and a friend of mine that lived there told me that the fathers in Germany du kick their little devils about. Women have that prominence very large; and savages have it very prominent; there is no savage without it. And the inure savage the more necessary is this feeling. In some instances, where the organ is deficient, - you - have infanticide, whether na tional or individual. Gall and Spurzheim examiued the skulls of twenty-6ve women win, killed their children, and in twenty two this prominence was deficient. Therefore you see it is a feeling inherent in savag e life; and frequently, by other faculties, it is d es t ro y e d by civil life. It is established as a primitive faculty, and its situation in -the head is es tablished • also. I find I shall not be able to get through all I intended to night. Having children it was essential that you .should be able to provide for them, and habitations for them. In climates where you have no covering, the top of a tree, to avoid wild beasts, may be sufficient. But you find that all: men are. fond of returning to the same tree and the same covering. And you find as more shelter is required, they are induced to construct 'habit at i ons o f a more laborious and costly kind. And you find a very great difference indeed in the expression of this feeling. Some animals wander about in any direction; others ire attach e d t o one p l ace. I ma y no ti ce the do g an d th e cat as indications. The dog will follow his master to , any home and b e sa ti s fied; the cat will stop at, the home and let the master go where he pleases. You find this feeling in men: some are attached to their twines, - others are always roaming. It was nut this feeling which first led Gall to notice the faculty. He was led to notice it from observing that some chose a high situation and some a low, one; as .among magpies, you have some which always build in the hedge, and some always in .a tree. He said, here is a strange difference here; it is a primary feeling ; let me examine their heads- and see if there is.any strong marked difference.," H-e founda pro mineece immediately above philoprogenitivenessi and where that prominence was not developed, as it was not in the Ame .rican Indian,. he found the party cared very. little fur home. We know the babits of the American Indian tithes are pre datory and wandering ; that they go in search of prey. and seldom live in one place , an d : th e i r ver y f oo d obliges them to go in search of it; and you see an' extraordinary difference between those skulls and men who have it. This faculty is called in habitiveness. It is a general faculty; and whenever it .is strongly developed, it obliges people to keep at home. It im pels them, and the desire for home is so great that they keep there, though it is desirable for them to lease it. It is, how ever, a faculty which is disputed ; and we find that Coombe attributes another faculty to it, that of concentrutieeness. I think he is wrong; that inhabitatiteness is that faculty, and that concentraliveness is another faculty higher up. Allow ine to re-. trace my steps. What is the abuse of the feeling,of the love of offspring? A case was related at the Loudon „Phrenological Society, one night when I was there, of.as woman who had a son who had enlisted for a soldier; she was a washerwoman. She was so unhappy at the loss of her son, who .bad always lived with her, that she could scarcely attend to her work. She still worked early and late ; but her mind was. far away. She begged, borrowed. and worked enough to .purchase his discharge. She sent the muuey and his dis charge was .purchased, and be came home. She came home after she had accomplished her object, and the stimulus being gone, and the action of the brain having been so long -con tinued, she became ill, and the moment her sun entered the house, she said, "Mv son, my son," and died, tier head was opened, and in the very position of philoprogeuitiyeness was an abcess, the result, as any medical man would tell you, of infla matoryaction iu the part. But this feeling may be exceedingly abused; and how often do. we, see mothers without considering what'are to be the after duties of their children indulging them in every, thing they can wish for, although to their present ill nesS, and even death. We know no children ate so healthy as at school. Medical men's bills are then nothing. We know that they go• home for the Christmas holidays. The moment the Christmas holidays arrive, we have our laum-puddiug, and mince-pie draughts ready. 1 know one lady so careful of her children, that she never for a moment allowed them to he alone; and now, that one of her daughters is groan up, she will have . , her to sleep with her, and the daughter inheriting the same feel- Ina, will have one or two of the younger children in the bed with them. The mother who is 'an invalid, and of very ad- vauced age, and asththatical, just as she is getting to sleep in the morning, the children are awakening to play, which is destroying her; yet she cannot be persuaded to live otherwise; and the back part of her head is exceedingly prominent. Begging pardon fot this digression. we come to another feel ing —that is the feeling of adhesiveness or attachment. It was _ ..._ necessary that animals should not only be fond o f their young, but where timidity was not inherent, that they should herd to gether in large numbers; and that is the organ of gregarious ness among sheep; and even cows; for cows are afraid of the lion - All animals of the gregarious kind are impelled .to herd together by this feeling, - which is a primary faculty. (Mr. Itunaball here quoted a beautiful passage from SliakKpeare, eludidatory of this feeling, and also one from Virgil.) Friend ship is the result of a peculiar feeling, which induces people to adhere together—to attach themselves to each other. All men know that they have an attachment to people irrespective of sex, and not from auv benefit to be derived frotn their society, or more than that, from their purses. This is said to be a pro pensity common to men and animals : so it is. Now, I don't think, looking at the time, that I can go through these organ.' to night; but I may allude before I g o to a point, that. I noticed iu my circulars, .Amatireness and Adhesivenes s , They are the impulses which' induce us to contract engagements which are to last for life. You find many even among animals that do this. The fox does; the pole-cat does; the turtle dove does. So long as they are alive they live together if they can. Amongst other animals polygammy is very extensively allowed. If we look at this, why is it that in contracting an engagement which is to last for life, that instead of its being a comfort, it is fre quently intolerable in the first stage of our union. Why is it that we have such a strong feeling for an object at the first stage that we cannot leave it out of sight ? Why is it that that object devotes hiMself or herself to you; that you find yourself totally indifferent, or even worse; totally disappointed to the prospect you had formed of the happiness you expected? It is this: be cause you formed the union from amativeness—from love at first sight. There is not a greater error than to form au union from love at first sight. Perhaps it was from interest it was,not from adhesiveness, for that faculty desires its own happi ness. The moment you are in love you want to be mar ried. That is done. Amativeness necessarily is satisfied, and there is an end.of it. Adh es i veness then says satisfy me; because I ant a very orderly woman, and a very moral woman, and kind feelings towards the poor. Do you coincide with me in all these feeling? I have only known you three weeks and .c were married. Or I have met you at balls, where you put on your outward character with your outward garments, and now yoll have taken off both, I find my room is never fit to go into.. * lnstead of being possessed with - benevolence, I find that you turn the beggar with scorn from thedoor.. Instead of benevolence you have slander and uncharitablene ss against friends behind their'backs; instead of being amiable, You are proud, haughty, and above your station. There is not a single organ which is large in my head, which is not small in yours. And must you not be unhappy? You find you are moral; he is immoral; you are fond of order, he of disorder; in every thing in life they are antipodes; and yet they may be beautiful as angels, and till you are married,'soft and gentle as the downy turtle doves. That is the reason of miserable marriages. To have reasonable expectation of a happy marriage, not only must the general state of the mind be the same, and the religious feelings be pretty much on a par; but if the same passions are existing in the one as in the other, if the same offence will be taken by the husband, that is a slight to the wife—if the same pride of cir 'cumstances exists in the one as in the other, above all if there exist between them a community of feeling, then the last days of such a couple will he happier than the first. What is the use of phrenology? To supply the place of long i n tercourse. Fathers and mothers don't like that men should be thrown into the society of young girls to dive into their inuermost thoughts. to find they are nut to their liking, and then leave them. You find you have dived into the feelings of a female, and must either marry her for her own feelings' sake, or desert her and destroy her. I defy any two persons to disagree, but I Mill point out two very strong prominences differing in their sculls, At all events, phrenology will show what qualities parts of the head indicate, and that is what no system but phrenology can pretend to. As it is approaching ten o'clock, 1 must deter .going further till next Tuesday. *We had intended offering some running comments on the above lecture, but are compelled, from want of space, to be brief, and from want of time to give a hurried, and therefore insufficient malice. Mr. Rumball considers "the precinct of organization'to be mind, that mind is more or less. developed by greater or less organization, and that the soul has always been considered the mind " We beg distinctly to deny this.' So far as we remember, (we have not the work at hamtto quote,) philosophers have held man to be constituted of three principles' or parts;—the body, mind, and soul. Mind—intel ligence and reason, which animals have iu degree; and soul-- immortality, a never dying escence, the spirit of God in fused into - man, which animals have not. Men may, have varieties of minds, small minds and large minds, minds beaming with intelligence ant': minds devoid of it ; but all men have souls alike, equal, immortal. Again, Mr. Rumba!' talks of our inability to say in what the soul differs in one animal from another. We deny, on the hypothesis above stated, that ani mals have souls at all. But what we most dislike in the nail. we have quoted is, its rank materialism—its contrariety to re vealed religion. What says the materialist ? We quote from Evans's " Sketch of all Religious :" " The doctrine of materialism respects the nature of the human soul and the peculiar mode of its existence. It teaches that the soul is not a principle independent of the body, but . that it results from the organization of the brain, though in a: manner that will not admit of explication." This is precisely Mr Rumball's theory. But we must confine ourselves and proceed to another point. Mr. Rumball asserts, that the brain is divided into separate and distinct faculties. Dr. Maeartney, the celebrated anatomist, states, that the brain is so intimately interwoven in its construction, that he cannot conceive it possible for one part to act without another. Mr. Rumball says, that one part of the brain is active in taking cog nizance orsounds, and another of sight. On the other baud, it may be said,, that the same pair of nerves, terminatin g at the same part of the brain, convey .the sense of smell and the sense . of taste from the palate. Mr. Rumball says, the fact of the. brain being fatigued with aistruse study, and yet being capa-, We afterwards of light reading, proves a diversity of faculties in the brain, else would the 'same fatigue extend to the light reading. Yes, say we, in the same manlier as th e . t act of a,inan's being relieved from fatigue after, Alow walking by walking briskly, and from walking very fast by gentle runnijig, and again by slow walking, proves that a man has a dievrsitv of legs. Mr..Rumball sayS, if his theory is not true, a great genius would be a genius in all things instead of in one thing' only. ~.So he would be if he would apply the same zeal, energy, and industry to the acquirement Of all things, as he does,t o th e one which is impossible; therefore he is only a genius in one thing. 'Why should not r.toliler be abl e to fiddle as well as cobble shoes, setting genius on_ one side, lint because he has not practised fiddling iu the same , nianner as he has done cobbling. or who can doubt that he would be able to finger catgut as well as waxed thread: Mr. Rumball speaks 01 a man's eating sixteen pounds: weighL of food per day,, from having a diseased' faculty., and, only that. Why any limn who knovis anything of anatomy, knows that iu order to do th e d h e vithst have a stomach .adapted for it, that hr= must have a larger spleen, .and a,greater circulation to 'the part • to, I . tut the requisite quantity •of gastric juice to dissolve the fond with sufficient rapidity; and that this very fortna.tion of parts for the rapid action of the gastric juces.would cause the craving for food, by quickly emptying the stomach; and' then, what 'becomes of the faculty ? In conclusion, Mr. Rumball gives an inonnen of n tea .linnitur extraordinary afeption.fnr her found in the organ ot:philoproge.nitieenesm. Dr. ltatartney rem laird a.ease at the Briiish Association Meetings of a man hav ing a pitch . fork d r i v en u p hi s nostr il s, an d b e i ng so fi rm l y wedged lu the top of the skull,- that it had to be hammered out. and the man lost soute.portiou of brain, and lived seven years afterwards, and was perfectly well and sane after it. THE ANNW§L , MEETING OF - SUBSCRIBERS TO l'llli BLIND ASYLUM. • On 'Friday the annual meeting of the subscribers to the Blind Asylum was held in -the , boarti. , roont of the institution, London-road.' The meeting was - confined principally to' the gentlemen or the Committee, and did uut comprise inure than twenty individuals. Naylor was called. to the chair. The treasurer, Mr. It. Houghton-, read the accounts. nap-, peared. , that,- during the last year, the receipts, including a balance of £551. 53 2d. from -the previous year, amounting to £2243 16s old; and the expenditure, exclusive of L 1785 2s 1 lid, received on, account of sales, was £3802 l4s Id, leaving a ba lance in the treasurer's hands of £4ll Is 11zd, and making the total" outlay £3307 17s 01. Bills to thd a Muun tot I:571 18s 2ct still remained unpaid. The expenses - tifithe kitchen for 125 persons were stated. to be £1101.6s 3d, or 3s. 4d weekly for each person, which wit 4, 4d per ,head inure-than in 1836, when the expenditure was £996 16s 9. This was owing to the advance ou the price or provisions, principally in three articles, butcher's meat, potatoes, and flour. 'Twenty 'individuals had been re ceived into the school; and. the same number had left it. The secretary stated that he never remembered a year when less credit had been done to the school by those who quitted it than during the last, only three scholars having merited re- , wards.: Some of them had left froin - There were now 108 schoPars in the school, and £350 towards its support had been received from donors. The accounts were then passed, on the motion of Sir Juhu Salushury, seconded by, Mr. James kr. WARNER then moved "That it be resorVed that the thanks of this meeting be presented to the Right 'Him. the. Earl of Dartniouth, the late 'president; to William Ripley, EN.; Francis Heywood. E s q., Th omas Sh aw, Es q , and •,James Esq., the late vice-presidents; to Mr. It. W.!FlUugh ton, the treasurer; and to the Rev. Mr. Hull, tha chaplain. Mr. PAttinv seconded the resulutionovhich was unanimously Carried. , Sir JOHN SA Lusßuity then moved That the thankg' of this meeting be presented to the physician, the surgeon, the visit. ers. the aaidtiirs, and the cOninintee far the last )ear, for the attention which they have bestowed on the duties which have devolved upon them. - • . The resolition was seconded, and unanimously carried. Resolutiont'of thanks were then passed •: to Those gentlemen who had presented iionationS tit the society," and " to the Rev. T. Berry, for an excellent harpsichord, fur the use of the in stitution. The chapel accounts were next read. 'The income, including balani.:e of £73717, Id . in hand ou ISt January, 1837. was fur the past year—ainount peeeived at the chapel doors, £758 Is 10,1; rents of pees, £709 7s 10d; interest of money, £l6 19s 10d; total, £2222 16s 7d, and the expenditure for salaries, &c. £772 ss. 2d. A conversation then took place with respect to the appoint ment of the Rev. Mr. Hull, the chaplain, as one of the mem bers of the committee, to which it seems the rev. gentleman had hitherto objected. Mr. I)SA NB e*pressed a hope that, as the causes of opposition to the appointment on the part of Mr. Hull had now subsided, he would nu• longer have anrobjection to be put on th - e com mittee. It any objection -did still exist on his part, they had no oppoi tunny to.remove it but by the treasure he proposed'. Mr. G. H. LAWRENCE expressed. his - wish that the chairman would signify to Mr. Hull the feeling of the committee on the subject. • iw The CHAIRMAN said,,if it was the .general wish of the com mittee he certainly should have no objection. The SECRETARY said, thation Wednesday he had thought it his duty to send Mr. Hull a note, to remind) him of the annual meeting: He had received-au answer Irons Mr. Hull, which he read to the meeting, to. the following effect : ‘• In reply to your note requesting my attendance at the annual meeting at the Blind Institution to-tnorrow, it is not convenient for Ine to attend. With regard to my allowing myself to be a member of the committee for the present year, I have only to observe, that I thought I expressed myself with sufficient clearness un that subject at the last annual meeting of the trustees. Mr. Tuitrian remarked, that after the cavalier manner in which Mr. Hull had treated them two years ago, they should not go out of their way to invite hitn. • After some further conversation. the CHAIRMAN said, it ap peared to hint there were two questions before them; first, whe ther Mr. Hull should be placed on the committee, and next, whether they should wait upon him to invite him to accept the appointment. Mr. DEANE said he should press his motion that Mr. Hull be elected on the'committee„ t . . . The motion was accrdingly put, and carried. . The SECKIii'A NY said, the next thing to be done was the elec tion or a President. There were, two names be had got; one was Lord Stanley, a neighbour, and an occasional visitor of the institution; and the other: was the Bishop of Chester:.• general feeling appeared indavour of Loid Stanley, and be was declared president fur the ensuing year. . . . . The SECILETAV said, that the next appointment was one Of considerable intim*. They had to ch oose vice-presidents, two of whom were bound to act in conjunction with two other gen tlemen chosen by the Town-council : in the appointment of a chaplain, should a vacancy occur. It was requisite they should both be members of the church. Mr. Todd Naylor, Mr. W. Putter, and Mr. James Aspinall were proposed. Mr. N AY LER' objected, on, the ground that he had served the office previously. . . Mr. JAMES ASPIN A Lt., also objected ; for this reason, that he did not attend the Church for the Blind, ana he thought the office ought to be confined to members of the congregation. In reply to Mr. Aspinall, it Was stated that the church re:. ceived more from the contributions of strangers than from pew After some further observations Mr. Todd Naylor, Mr.,Law rence, Mr. Tutner, and Mr. Parry were appointed vice-presi dents. Mr. R. Houghton was re-appointed treasurer, • with ex pressions of high approbation. The committee, consisting of forty-two individuals, the greater part of vrhour , had been in office previously, was next chosen, alter which, and a vote of thanks to the chairmau, the meeting separated. . LECTURES ON PHRENOLOGY: TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. ' report of my Introductory Lecture upon Phre. nology, which you have inserted in your paper of the 12th instant, some errors of vital importance are committed. The position your reporter occupied in the theatre, did, as he asserts, prevent him, from taking "copious" notes, no blame, therefore.; attached to hint, although. as understood by Line, what 1 si.id must appear arrant nonsense, or worse. I must trespass upon) our kindness to insert as brief a notice as I can take, of some of the most glaring of t hese errors, and, to save space and time, I will repeat what I did say, which will enable your readers to discover those parts of your article which are incorrect. lu regard to life, I said "that it was still disputed whether life was a first principle, or the result of organization," and contended for the former opinion, I stated the difference between animal and vegetable life_ to consist principally in these two points :—" Animal life is endowed with consciousness, vegetable life is not; animals can only live upon that which has been organised—which. has, possessed life.—whereas vegetables can extract nourishment from inorganic matter." You write " Curby and Spencer," for "Kirby and Spence." I asserted that we " WERE all descended from ONE coininon stock." The Bible stated this, and "that was proof enough ;" but that we bad other proofs ; and that men differed in degree, nut kind;" that, widely separated from each other as men were, both in inteliectual and physical endowment, (and the Greek and Laplander evidenced how great a difference did exist, so as to make them appear almost as of different species,) yet that they only differed in degree, and that we had abundant proof that all men were of the same specieii." I said, " the Greek was descended from a nation of sages and heroes," &c. I said, the tempatatneut "did not create character, lint influenced it." For " Mrs. Lindon," read "Mrs. Milton." • , . 1 said, that every inan judged something of every other man by his form; we were all phyviognomists, therefore. But that the horse-dealer was a phrenologist. without knowing it, for he could tell the temper of a horse from the position of his ears and shape of his head." _• I said, that "in ascending the scale of creation, we found tha t every increase, or addition to au animal's intelligence, was ac companied by an additiou of parts t o th e b ra i n, " and that ( other things being e q u a l) s i ze indicated power." Th at many l arge brains did exist, without anye.vidence of corresponding power ; but that in these cases the quality of the brain was affected and, in my lecture of last evening, I proved that absolute size of brain teas no certain criterion,' that-relative size- to - the.body.wirs no criterion, man's being in the iyroportiou of about 1 to 40, the elephant 1. to 500, and .the canary.! to 14. I argued that the mind toft bei..ause its operations were immaterial, and instanced "memory, judgment, imagine. Lion, and the like." ' did not say that" no pulpit could prove a hereafter;" what I did say was just the reverse, and may thes he shortly, ex- , pressed, "that whilst it was the office of christian iniuisters to trace God and. his attributes, in that holy book wherein he has been pleased to reveal himself to us, it was the business of a philosopher to read of` him in his works. and that, if we had to thank phrenology- fur .nothing else, it proved what 1/0 divine attempted to prove- 7 viz., the existence of a Deity, not•unly from the book olatature generally, but from luau's own spe cific organiiation ;r:lor that tfie . principal faculty which distin guished him from all other animals was, one whose special and almost onlyoffice it was, to worship • • I cannot expect that you will allow me to enter into a con troveisy with you, upon your editorial rematks. You will perceive that they are founded upon erroneous data, however ; and if I could supply omissions, which year space will not allow of, you would find that they are entirely groundless. I stated that physiognomy was a "fanciful supersta ecture, built upon a solid foundation;" and from triad I have stated above, and in my last lecture, you will perceive that I agree with Professor Evanson to the letter. . With respect to Dr. Macarttiey, we difFer entirely from th e school to which he belongs. We do not seek to cut into the mind's structure with a kuile ; and although anatomy has thrown much light upon the parts which manifest it, it has, unassisted, done nothing, absolutely nothing, towards a dis -covery of the "nature of mind." And we do believe that we can "by examing an orange tell, withont cutting into it, wile ' Cher or not it be fruit fit to eat i" and. we derive this knowledge, r as we derive our knowledge of phrenology, from experience, and not theory. • In my next lecture, on Tuesday evening, January 23, I shall notice the above, and any other error 1 nay detect. 1 aux, sir, your obedient servant, • • " J. G. ItUMI3ALL.. fan. 19, 183 g. yr 4 WANTON Ou Anki.—Wis understand thatenfew nightls.ago, some miscreants wantonly destroyed a lamp over the'dbor of the John Bull Tavern, in Lutnber-street, which. like4nany, other streets in Liverpool is but indiarently lighted. The loss of the lanip, is, therefore, a source. orinconvenience , in the neighbourhood.. We are glad to hear that the police,have re ceived a clue to the parties who have,coiontitted this outrage. . THE RovAL AsirniTtinATH.E.-,-This plitce ref .anitisement continues to till. We have heard-the Kimnastic feats of Mr: Randall highly spoken of.. We shall endeavour to judge for ourselves by on future publication; and givean account of them. We tegrei to state, that owing to tote sjipperyness of the foot paths at Leeds, on Thursday week, hAr. names. M.P., fell, and, received a severe contusion of his tight atut, which has tut the present disabled him frotn,using it. Th e hon. member is, is consequence, ohlimetito frank his letters with his left hand. At ti•dinner of h..rticulturists, at the Clown and Anchor, on Wedne4ty week, one of the speakers operTtd his address with ihe following sage remark .—" I am extremely doubtful-whether. Adam, when in the garden of Eden, was surrounded by each an array of intellect as 1 see assembled at this moment." The Moriarty Herald sits, that "the fashionable patent safety waitdi vice 4. satisfaction" without damauine the ner- c ➢IR. RUMBALL'S SECOND LECTURE ON PHRENO LOGY AT 'rim MEDICAL INSTITUTION. In nor report of Mr. Ruorball's opening lecture we stated, that owing to the crowd, and occupying a bad position, we had been prevented from taking notes of anything more than the heads of arguments ; and, ou some portions of that of which we did take note, we took leave to make some remarks. It will be seen by M r. Runt bail's letter in another column, that he finds fault will; the report as being in some instances incorrect, and he there makes the necessary corrections by " re-stating-what he oid say." We are perfectly ready to acknowledge that it was very possible we might •fall into errors from the disadvan tages which we laboured under in taking notes, and those [min.; taken en passant and partly from memory, whilst the lecturer was going on. NVe have therefore thought. it but just to Mr. Rum. ball to give insertion to his letter. Some of the "corrections," however, contained in that letter, are de facto not corrections at all, but a re-statement of what appeared in the report; and others strike us as being not corrections of the report, but of what Mr. Rumba!' really did say. We state this, however, on the authority only of a pretty strong eon well-trained memory, which may have deceived-us. We have a distinct recollection of Mr. Ruitiball stating, that invariably the size ()film brain was indicative of the measure-of intelligence, allowance being made . for the diffel 4 ence of temperament and sex, and an exception in case of disease; and on this point we made some remarks; This statement, Mr. gun:thrill in his letter, both repeats and denies. In anytfuture remarkS, however, which we may make, there willite no fencing about the data on which we go, as we intend giving full reports of Mr. Rumball's lecture, with our reporter's usual verbal accuracy. On Thursday evening Mr. Rumball delivered his second. lecture on Phrenology, in the Theatre of the Medical Institu tion, Mount-pleasant. The night was one of the severest frosts we have yet had, and perhaps, in consequence of that, the audi enee was very thin. A great number °feasts, sculls. and draw inga:were on the table, to elucidate the lecturer'S remarks. aSnodoUspaorkteeraseifgohllrowos'c:Lotiol:n. elisutrnoobkaililismlaarnleterhnis toaplopoekaraaftreer an honest man ; I have brought mine in search of truth. I don't know whether, we shall find it; we shall see. In Inv last lecture I gave a summary view of the connexion between the forms of animated beirigs—of animals and bodies, and their in telligence; and I commenced at the very l owest o f t h e scale, and stated that peieeption was the basis on whichall the mental faculties were built: And I showed to you, that as we ascended in the scale, we discovered the increase of intelligence gra dually developing itself till we came to man, who embodies in himself all the intelligence of all living things, and iisubjeet to the laws of all.liVing things, and also to the laws which regu late all dead or inanimate matter. In his body a microtersrit of the material world, in his mind a prototype from which the im material world, if I may so express myself, derives its character. I have shown you that man as he yaries exceedin;;;ly in form, so he varies exceedingly in, mind;. and that his form is always to a very great extent indicative of his mind ; and I went through the history of the temperaments which are supposed at the pre. sent day by many physiologists, to constitute the sole difference amongst men—that the difference in the minds of men are.oc casioned entirely by temperament, was a position held.' I showed you that sex influenced mind exceedingly, but at once pointed out to you that neither sex nor temperamentelid more, than give a general character, not a particular one, and there fore no distinct criterion of one individual mind from another individual mind. In animals the same thing holds good. I gave you my [minion and my reasons for believing that the mind is inimaterial—that it .is not the result of organization; but I rather think that this is a mere argument about words, as tnost arguments are; because the product. of organization may be considered mind, if we Consider that mental operations are more or less developed in.greater or less organization; and if we consider the qui, it has always been considered as the mind. But if. the soul belminaterial, we cannot say thatit' shalt differ in any one animal from another. Because, if we cannot esti mate any particular soul, how can we understand how it differs from any other soul which wecannot understand or see anything of? But you must have something in the body which is capable of receiving intelligence from itself and storing it up. Now this we have no right to attribute to matter—no tight to conceive that matter does du it; and if matter did du it there would be no such thiug as sleep, because the senses might •he asleep and' the brain might develops theta totally, in dependent of all acts of memory, as it does, your say partially—not entirely; and we shall say more about that by and bye. Now, I have shown you that form indicates mind generally. I will just touch on the form of the skull as indicating mind essentially, and _particularly, as I shall show you it. does. I have shown you that the brain was the organ of the mind; and in proportion as the brain increased in size, the mind increased in size; another, that beings possessing mind possessed brain ; another, that all other organs of the body have well know functions, and none of them two functions; another, that the brain. has no Onction if it be not to manifest mind; another, that the mind has no organ to manifest it, if it be not the brain But I omitted one more important than all, t spoke of partial injuries, which I shall speak of presently.— Another is, that all the nerves of the body, which are part of the organization which enables us to receive .impressions of eternal objects —every body that can feel, or hear, or taste, or smell, has going from the brain to the surface appointed for each of these senses, certain white cords, called nerves, ram - fying in small_ filaments on those surfaces; connected into bundles, and each of these bundles going directly or indireoly to the brain; indirectly through the medium of the spinal mar row,.which is tuerely,a connexion of nerves. 1 will not inquire whether it arises from the brain or not. We know it is connected with the brain, and that the nerves that go into it are so ; and we know that all the intelligence the mind receives from itself, is received through the medium of those nerves; because if you divide a nerve anywhere between the point of the finger and the brain, any intelligence from that.objeet'is destroyed. But the intelligence of the nerve between the divi sion and the brain is not destroyed ; it may be damaged by the injury, and is. Thus you see- we can at once show, that all the sensations• that we are capable of proceed from the surface of the body to the brain, and there they are taken cognizance of, and no were else. Now, that is a 'strong argument, that the brain is the organ of the mind. But, according- to old phis luSuphy, the brain acts entire in every mental operatation, that is, the whole mind acts through the whole brain in every intellectual operation. Now it is very essential that we shohlti investigate this matter, because it' that be so, there is an end of phrenology.' Phrenology tells us we have it number of primitive facilities, and a variety of organs; and each finality has its special organ, and according to the quantity and quality of the special organ, will be the quantity and quality of the special intelligence. We must examine this matter. if the whole brain act, and the whole mind act--what must be - the necessary consequence ? If I take this lantern, mid hold it towards you, it has the same degree of intensity of light to each. It I obscure it alto ether l• diminish the intensity of. ight proceeding from it; but it is the sane to you, as to you, and you. What inference do we draw from Chat ? The whole of the lantern is employed in showing the whole of the light, and it is impossiblert should•look brighter to any when it is obscured: therefore, you could have nothing, like genius, or partial insanity, or anything like character at all. The only difference between men would be iu degree. You would have one with all his faculties, but in degree; and every faculty must be in the saute ratio. Take fear; we know it is a primitive faculty of the mind. Courage another. The greatest coward should be the most brave; the most benevolent the must cruel, because it is a question of mere intensity. I think that is one strung argument that the whale brain cannot be employed. Take another example, the nerves. Sir Charles Bell has proved that the nerves are not siutple. That these very nerves we have been considering, convey back from the brain also the function and order of the mind to a finger to do something. Experi ments have proved- one sheaf contains them, and that there are nerves of thr..e different fanctions. We have part of the spinal marrow, which conveys the sense of motion, another, volition, and another adapted to respiration altogether. If )sin destroy one part you destroy one facult y . If you d es t roy ano ther part you destr o y a n other faculty. So the nerves which go to the brain. Majeudie thus divided the brain in rabbits. if he divides one portion, the rabbit will keep twisting round; if be divides another, the rabbit'will rush backward. Majendie, and others, who tried these experiments were not phrenologists, and yet they acknowledge that every part of the brain has its funCtion. So deafness,. you have people who are . ) erfectly deaf, and yet they can see. But the eye doesnotsee. If you divide the optic net ve, the eye is perfect, but yOu cannot see. The image of the object is carried to the brain, and there imprinted. Now, if the whole brain is active in seeing as well as hearing, why does it not become blind as well as deaf ? In many cases you have the. disease affecting the and not affecting other parts of the brain. There is a good deal of discrepancy as to where the optic nerve terminates. Spurzheim says the optic nerve .terminates very differently to where the anatomist-says it does. It only receives some filaments where theanatninist says it ter mivales. In this instance you have that one part of the brain is active in receiving cognizance of sounds, and another of sight. In genius you have a man who betrays front his youth a peculiar aptitude for some , particular study.- if . you read the history of eminent men, you will find that , long before educa tion had anythingto do with them, they betrayed thosepecu lia ri ties; how could that be if the whole brain was iu action? Why he must be equally talented iu very other acquirement, which you know is not the case. How could the brain be fatigued, and yet capable of working ? You know that you can read law or any abstruse books for a certain time, or learn law or any other thing for a certain time. But you can turn round and read a novel, or anything that requires some different action of the brain. But how is that if the brain is all employed ? The same fatigue would follow you in the novel as in Blackstone. But if you know that one part is employed in studying law, and ano ther in light reading. You can 'understand how light reading should be a ieliel. The gradual developetnent of the brain is another 'proof, 'The gradual developernetit is not additional mental .power in animals, but additional mental faculties. In injuries of a part which we shall more clearly see when ive speak of the qualities of the mind ; you have injury to one part of the mind and not to others; and in monomania you have men mad on one point, and sound on all others. You have men going up to marry the Queen by dozens; how could these brains be healthy on all points and insane on that one? I will tell you. Supposing this light is shown through a number of holes iu the lantern, I, may obscure one bole, and one part of the light is destroyed; or I may obscure a part.and a part is obscured. So with the mind. Or I may obscure it all, and then all the facul ties will be dull. If I give you cases of single faculties you will see that inability follows if there isdiseaseof a part of the brain. It is allowed that the wind itself cannot be diseased. 'There fore we have abundant evidence that the brain is composed of parts, each part having special functions. In one case of di sease that I attended myself, in London, a gentleman there laid for several weeks, capable of hearing but not of seeing, and yet his, eyes were perfect. On opening his head . 1 found a large abscess, which had this particular effect on the faculty which would there locate, which is a most valuable physiological acqui sition. All anatomists allow that the nerves decussate across. If one part of the brain is injured, anatomists assume that 'all the brain is injured; but that is not right. You can see the de• cessation of the optic nerves. In a paralyses of one part of the brain you will have a paralyses of the other side of the body, while the other side of the body will be as free as ever it was. It shows that the brain is divided into two at all events ; and't think I shall show into many more, how many more we cannot decide before We get through the whole course of the lectures; we must first . prmie the existence of certain primitive faculties be fore we can show that. We shall find among all the known faculties of the human mind, we h ave , w ith f e w exceptions, cer tain Well de fi ned parts which will manif e st them. In referenc e tie the last lecture, does the size of the brain manifest the size of the mind 'generally? I shoWed you, bet Ween this idiot (exhi biting a plaster cast) and Spurzheim ; there is a very great dif ference In Or size of the skull, at all events, not in the face. And men have thought by ascertaining the size of the scull they could ascertain the size of intelligence long before phrenology was thought of. Does the scull show (he size of the brain? That was a Jlisputed point: we say it does. [The lecturei' here exhibited several casts, and compared them to prove his posi tion.] We have thOi a very easy matter to ascertain how much brain there is iq the bead. If you draw a line from the eye down through tli .. opening of the ear, all above that is brain. Now, We si;e 4 vast difference indeed between the brain of this man and th„o firaiu of an indiot. [Exhibiting a cast.]. There fore if Ulf! §eull indicate‘ the size of. the. brain it manifests a peat difference in the size of 'intelligence. 13ut it does not always.dp ue afe liable to error. In . -the ea fliest •pari existence you have the bones of the scull open on the top'of begot;the .ia,l'ou grow up the openings are dosed, and put g row • i `."