The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-12-09 00:00:00

DFC. 9, IS6 that by tiv:ir act they could not divide more than If) per cent. profit amongst the shareholders, which amount was rapidly ac cruing to them, and when that amount of profit should be ar rived at they would be able to supply - the public with gas at a reduced rate. The company, if the contract with the old coin -I:l4ny were attempted to be fulfilled, intended to take measures to prevent the Infringement of their rights. 'life memorial was referred to the lighting Committee. Mr. Councillor JORDAN moved that a nuisance of an en croached wall in Duke-street, be referred to the improvement 'committee. Referred. The MAYOR moved that the police court he properly venti lated, as at present it was uncomfortable for the magistrates to sit in it. Agreed to. The Council then ly-oke up at a quarter past three o'clock, baying sat upwards of four hours. THEATRE-ROYAL, LIVERPOOL For the BJNEFII'of Mr. W. TIOIVARD an , l Mr. LLOYDS, This Present FRIDAY EVENING, the 9th of December, On which occasion, Mr. HAMMOND, formerly of this Theatre, who has kindly offered his services, will make his first appearance these two years. riflHE Entertainments will commence with Morton's Comedy of THE SCIIOOL OF REFORM. Robert Tyke. Mr. Hammond, Lord Avondale Mr. Stuart. General Tarragon Mr. Baker. Mr. Ferment Mr. W. Howard. Mrs. Ferment. Miss Faucit. Mrs. St. Clair Mrs. Baker. Julia Miss Chaplin. Shelah.... ...Mrs. Clarke. After which, the Pr•oular new Drama called ROBERT MACAIRE. Robert Macaire Mr. W. Howard. Jaques Strop Mr. Baker. Marie Miss Faucit. To conclude with the the Burlesque Traw dy of CIIRONONOTONTHOLOGOS. THEATRE ROYAL, LIVERPOOL, ryiHE Public is respecti'Lly informed, that the extraordinary 1. Artistes THE BEDOUIN ARABS, whose performances during the last four mouths in London at tracted crowded audiences at the Colosseum and at the Surrey Theatre, are engaged FOSITIVELY FOR FIVE NIGHTS ONLY, and will make their first ap}•earance here on MONDAY next, December 12th, in their novel and highly interesting Enter tainment, in two Parts, called THE ARABIAN FESTIVAL, introducing the wonderful and novel Feats oft he native Bedouins. Mr. EDWIN FORREST, the popular Tragedian of the American Theatres, whose success at the Theatre-Royal, Drury-lane, in the various characters in which he has appeared there, has been must decided, is engaged E' on FIVE NIGHTS, and will make his first appearance at this Theatre on MONDAY, December 26th. Mr. RICE, Of the American Theatres, the celebrated representative of JIM CRO\V. now performing at the tidelphiTheaire, London, to crowded auditories is engaged FOR SIX NIGHTS, and will make his first appearance here in the week succeeding Mr. Edwin Forrest's Engagement. Arrangements have been made with A COMPANY OF FRENCH PERFORMERS for a limited number of Night, and the Amusements of the Theatre will be v,ied by a succ,msion of French Performances, commencing on DAY, Decomber 19th. Mr. KNOINI,ES'S New Drama of 't'H E WRECKER'S DAUGHTER, produced last week with the most decided - success at the Theatre-Royal, Drury-lane, is in preparation, and will be per formed in the course of a few Nights. Vie tiberpoot i'HE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 9, 1836. We are very sorry to find, by the latest arrivals from Newfoundland, that the same system of brutal intimida tion, that has done so much mischief in Ireland, lied been recently practised in that colony, at the general election which had just taken place. We cannot advert to this topic without giving expression to feelings of the most intense abhorence against the lawless ferocity displayed on this occasion by the sanguinary mob of savages, who were urged to their murderous avocation by the ruffian popish priests. When shall we posess a government strong enough, and virtuous enough, to repress these scandalous oqtrages ? The passages we are about to quote from the Newfoundland Public Ledger, naturally suggest the necessity of a strong and vigorous ministry in order that the enactment of similar scenes may be prevented in Ireland, at the period of the approaching general election. St. John's, November IS, 1836. We gave on Tuesday last, some account of the tumultous and riotous proceedices which had taken place on Monday the first day of the eetieral election for this district. We stated that such was the riot and disorder, that the civil power was unable to preserve the public peace, although no less than 140 special constables had been sworn in for that purpose, and That even tually it was found necessary to cell out the military force, which remained under arms during the remainder of the day and the whole of Monday night. Such had been the confusion that we had beeu unable satisfactorily to ascertain whether all the candidates had been notnin reed or not; but we have since learnt that they were all propos , d and seconded by their respec tive friends:—the polling, as s' stated before, was necessarily postponed until the following day. On Tuesday morning the sever ; candidates proceeded to the hustings, where there were evicient :ndicatious of a repetition of the disgraceful proceedings of the former day ; whereupon Messrs. (Sleeve, Rough, and Gill, to prevent the execution of threats of murder and otecr violence, resigned the contest, (un der protest of course,) and left the field to the ferocious mob, and their favourite leaders Morrie, Kent, and Carson, woo were declared by the returning officer duly returned. The rat ble then took possession, as it were, of the town, through which they exultingly paraded, yelling and "bah"ing " Down with the Tories!" " Down with the mad-dogs !" and annoying and terrifying the peaceable inhabitants, wherever the military were not present to check the lawless proceedings :—from these, they fled like chaff before the wind, as often as they were pur sued. 'We observed in our last, that the turbulent leaders of the Radical faction, Carson, Morris, and lent, had]nochance what ever of coming in for the represenottion, but by intimidating the independent electors; an... the amount of that intimidation and the manner of it, are beyond our pen to describe, — There seemed to be an immense influx of strangers from the outharbours to lend a willing hand in overawing the peace ful electors, and no less than four hundred ruffians from that notoriously infamoas place Cat bonear are said to have been present, their hands but recently itabrued in the blood which they had caused to flow in beating down all op position ,to the election of tee radical candidates in Conception Bay, a history of the villainous transactions connected with which it became our duty to place upon record a week or two since. In short, the town was crammed to repletion with ill looking fellows, who sought every pretext for kicking up rows, and whose acts of violence upon the special constabies and upon others of the inhabitants were not rely numerous but of the most ferocious description. In short a horde of Red Indians let loose upon the town from their native wilds could scarcely have presented an appearance of more savage determination. An eye-witness to one of many other ails of cowardly ruffianism, assures us that he saw one individual beaten and knocked down, and while lying insensible and apparently lifeless on the ground, his huge assailant gave the poor fellow a most unmerciful kick, and was about to jump upon him, when he was suddenly over powered and restrained (ruin his murderous intention. - But not to dwell upon these acts of savage ferocity—it is clear that such an amoun t of brute force could not have been brought together for one common object without the active agency of the Priests—nay, we have had the fact before our eyes that these personages have all along been most zealous and industri ous partizans of the revoiutiouary faction. There is no mystery about it; they openly and shamelessly desecrate •their altars to the service of a must unholy cause, and even the confessional is made subservient to their political designs. They deny the rites of the church to those, whose political creed does not square with their own, and they oppress and persecute by all manner of means those who offer the siightvst resistance to their political domination. Holding " the terrors of the church" within their grasp, they have an awful influence over the great mass of our population, who are ignorant and unlettered in the last degree, but upon every householder among whom, even upon him who is the inhabitant of a mere log-hut, the elective fratiehise has been bestowed. We have in innumerable instances reiterated the truth that his Majesty's government committed a very serious error in rendering the principles of democracy so large an ingredient in the constitution of this country; and that the elective franchise Must he very considerably narrowed - indeed before the form of government which has been given-to us can - possibly answer the purposes for- which it was- intended. The views which we took were founded upon experience, and have been acceded to, we believe, by all rational men. But the history of the last week or two induces us to think that we have not proposed a sufficient remedy for the evils with which the country is beset, and that however limited the elective franchise may be - made, the same evils will abound so long as we have for'the most pert a Catholic population, controlled ' in their every movement by au ignorant, a vicious, and a political priesthood. We have seen that the franchise which has been given to the great bulk of the people, has virtually been reflected back upon the priests; they therefore nominate, and :trey through the instrumentality of their slavigh .adherents, return to the House of Assembly pretty nearly whom they please. We have had a practical il lustration of the truth of this remark in the late proceedings at Harbour Grace when all the four candidates who had been re turned came in under the protection of Father Dalton and his clerical colleagues, and where only one tally was permitted to be brought up for the oppesiug caudidates ; and we have ano ther proof of the correctness of our views, in the scenes which have passed before us here within the present week. Nor is this all, for we are confidently assurer—(although we do not vouch for the truth of this), that Morris after being returned for this place, has also actually been returned for the district of Ferryland, under the influence of Father Duffy There seems to us, under all the circumstances, to be but one course now which the country ought to adopt ;—and that is the laying before the Imperial Parliament a narrative of the facts connected with our political condition—a cool and dispassionate sheaving-up of the working of that system which however it alight have been designed for our benefit, has already produced incalculable evils, and will in the end, if persisted in, bring about total ruin. We may, then, pray that the royal charier granting to this colony . its present constitution be rescinded, and as the only alternative left us, that our local government shall henceforth consist of a Governor and Legislative Council. Objectionable as this form may be in its abstract principle, it does appear to us that tinder all the circumstances , it is the m os t applicable to this country ; and we would therefore urge an im- Mediate and very serious consideration of the subject. As public journalists, whose business it is to watch over the welfare of the -country, we have often very de licate, and very difficnit.duties to perform. Sometimes We cannot help perceiving a conflict between pat ticular Interests, involving questions of intricacy not easy to dis entangle, and conducted vi ith a hostile spirit hard to re concile Sometimes w e are called upon to quiet alarm, and sometimes tri commend caution ; and feel that it would he equally wrong to neglect the gathering of dark clouds in the political horizon, as it would be always to forbode a storm. On no occasion do we desire our read ers to regard,us as oracles, but always to take together our judgments, and the reasons upon which they are founded. We thus remove a great deal of heavy respon sibility from ourselves, by placing others in our own po sition, that they may see the same objects with their own eyes. These few preliminary observations we feel the more imperatively called upon to make now, because . the subject which we are about to discuss is one of vital in terest to the whole community, and implicates, at the same time, some questions of deeper and more peculiar importance to particular sections of it—we mean, the monetary state of England. We have heard for some time, and from various quarters, heavy complaints of the embarrassed state of trade—the difficulties with which commercial enterplise has to contend—the obstructions which hinder manufacturing movements—and, generally, the alarming aspect of all affairs dependent upon our monetary system. And we are assured that these mur murs are louder and more general than usual; they are not the periodical complainings of diminished trade at the " winter solstice," which we have always expected and commonly seen depart before the "sun entered Aries." No ; we fear that if this be the " winter of our discontent," we shall find a summer corresponding with it. As we have seen in no publication, and heard in no conference with others, any sound explanation of the present embarrassments, we now, unaided by the light of our contemporaries, venture to enter upon the deli cate and difficult task of discussing this most momentous subject. That all the evil which we have stated as now existing does really exist, may very briefly, and, at the same time, incontestably be made to appear, by a reference to a few concurrent circumstances in the country, which, even to the most casual glance, have an obvious relation and con nexion with each other, and all united, as -we shall soon attempt 'to proVe, occasion the inconveniences complained of, and the gloomy prospects in our commercial horizon. First, the Bank of England has raised its rate of dis count to five per cent.—the maximum allowed by law, and, therefore, evidently pressing upon that limit. Se condly, the public funds have sunk below the average of many years. Thirdly, one large banking establishment has stopped payment, and two or three others, of various magnitude, have been driven to the same cessation. Vourthly, manufacturers have been obliged, either wholly to suspend operations, or to work " limited hours." Fifthly,' many large mercantile firms, of unquestioned • wealth and stability, have been necessitated to contract the extent of their speculations. These are facts, in which all parties concur ; or if the two latter, not admit ting of arithmetical proof, may be disputed, the three for mer are beyond all contradiction. But, with these facts before us, what explananation has been offered of their cause that is in the least degree satisfactory ? One blames the Bank of England for capricious conduct, with out considering that the Bank of England is prompted in all its transactions by that common moving principle, self-interest. • Caprice is almost impossible, certainly dif ficultly reconcileable with business transactions, and, most assuredly, quite untenable when affirmed by one who deliberately opposes his own welfare. There may be want of judgment, or error of judgment—there may be folly and inconsistency; but we cannot allow the slan der of caprice, which is a wanton act of injustice, to be imputed to a corporation of British merchants. .The Bank of England is governed in its rate of discount by the proportion which demand and capital bear to each other. When their coffers are full, it is more advanta geous to them to discount at three per cent, whereby their deposits become actively profitable, than to keep a large proportion of those deposits unemployed, and de mand five per cent upon the discount of a much smaller amount; and such is the fineness of profit now in mer cantile transactions, in consequence of the magnitude of returns, that the figurative expression 64 dust of the ba lance" is no longer disregarded. The difference between a transaction completed with bills discounted at five per cent, and the same transaction with bills at three per cent, is such as to determine the question of transaction or no transaction; and this will serve to explain why the mercantile interests are suffering at this moment ; al though the superior question still remains unsolved, why does the Bank of England demand five per cent upon its discounts? We shall address ourselves to this question in the sequel. It will be necessary, before we proceed to that part of our subject, to say a few words in expla nation of other causes of the present embarrassment which we occasionally hear. Among these, our trading is frequently mentioned. Of this we forbear to say much, because it is a point admitting of but little direct evi dence ; and that which is collaterally afforded is liable to objection; easily made, and with difficulty answered. They who declare it cannot prove it, and, if proved, it would be an evil of but transitory duration. The expor tation of bullion is also mentioned as furnishing a full solution of the problem. But, surely, this is an opinion hastily formed, and must be, as unceremoniously, aban doned. Though bullion may become currency by merely altering its form, yet, until it has received that form which renders it current, it wants the essential quality Of currency, and, consequently, cannot have any immediate effect upon the money market, or transactions connected with it. If any private parties were to deposit in the Bank of England one million of capital, and the Bank of England was pleased to exchange such deposit for bullion of equal value, it is clear that the Bank would always have an.ability to pay the million deposited with them by coining the bullion; but whether the Bank of England chose to keep this million of bullion in their "strong holds," or to suffer it to be exported, like any other marketable commodity, nothing would be felt in either case in the money market, or, at most, nothing-be yond the question of Bank security. They never dis count bills with bullion, and if ever bullion is employed in monetary transactions, it is in only a few rare in stances of . foreign exchange. The business of trade de pends upon another currency—a currency which we con tend has net been narrowed, but diverted from its former channel. In order that we may be distinctly understood in Our position, and thence may be appreciated the force and pertinency. of::our arguments, we contend, that the investment pfcapjtal in railroads arid ottierjoint stock, c o mpaniee4:alone,adequate to explain all the circum stances of ernbarrassinent which now press, and those which threaten- still more - heavily to press, upon the country. : To the proof of this position we shall now proceed. If all the capital contemplated to be required to carry out the various railroads now projected were actually in-. vetted in dem; (which we welt know is not the case,) there would be nearly sixty millienS_of money drawn from some Source or other and diverted into novel chan • nels; and if even those projects be completed, there WILL BE not less than such a sum actually so invested : that is ; ., in other words, sixty millions of capital will he expended in materials and labour. A large ironmaster and great capitalist once observed to us, that this distribution of wealth would be a positive public blessing; and doubt less it is so in a variety of ways. It is a public blessing to the pauper, who before could not find employment; to the ironrnaster himself—and perhaps he caught, in the corner of his eye, some glimpse of this ;—to artizans of various description ; *and through all these, as a medium, to the community !t large, in the reduction of poor -rates, and in the Security which ever attends the full employ ment of the poor. But our business no i r . ), is to consider the influence of such an expenditure upon the banking system, and, through the banks, upon the commercial and' manufacturing interests of the country. These sixty millions, of which perhaps a tithe part is hardly paid up, could not be - drawn from the funds —no, not a shilling of it—for every shilling so drawn from the funds would re quire the fixation of another shilling ; and very little of it could come from the private coffers of individuals, be cause millions are never locked up in, private coffers. Whence then must it come ?—what source is there whence so large a sum can be derived ? We answer, that there are no other imaginable fountains that can supply this ve r y Ganges of capital than the different banks, in which the public place all their superfluous money. That is, sixty millions of capital must be drawn, sooner or later, from the chests of the different banking establishments throughout England, to provide for the completion of railroads, &c., now in progress, and projected in the king dom. Aud what would be the effect of such an abstrac tion of capital ? Why, evidently an abridgment of faci lity in discounting bills. There is not a banking-house in the won'ie country which does not discount to a❑ amount beyond its own capital, however arriple that ca pital may be. Its very existence affirms the fact; and if the amount of their deposits is lessened, their power to discount is proportionately curtailed. And we have just seen, that the heavy demands made upon them to meet current expenses of present projects, is quite sufficient to explain why the merchant or manufacturer, though wealthy, cannot obtain discount, though the banker him self is wealthy too. His own wealth is inadequate, and the wealth of his customers has been withdrawn. This fact we think abundantly sufficient to explain the cause of all the existing embarrassments in trade, and not less so that of the extraordinary position of the money mar ket. We have, and have acknowledged it, supposed a much larger sum to have been drawn from the hands of bankers than the present state of railroad expenditure would justify ; but we think enough }-.as been so drawn as to account for the sluggish movements of money tran sactions and the difficulty encountered in trade, and we fear as the abstractions increase the embarrassments will increase with them, and it is well to be beforehand with calamity. "A wise man seeth the evil and hideth him self—a fool goeth on and is punished." We have seen that whenever, if ever, all the present projected railroads shall be completed, that sixty millions of capital will be withdrawn froni the coffers of bankers. As a large proportion of this sum is deposited without any interest, we may, perhaps, without any danger of great error, consider the whole to average, at present, four per cent of interest, or nearly two and a half mil lions of profit, substracting, of course, the expenses of the different establishments, but still leaving the revenue of a little kingdom. With this we find no fault—it is legitimately and honourably obtained ; - and, as we see, in perfect harmony with the prosperity of the country; but we cannot conceal from ourselves, nor conscientiously withhold from our readers, over whose interests we are, in some degree, guardians, that this change in the bank ing system, from causes over which bankers themselves have no control, is a sufficient ground for every one- to ascertain the stability of that firm to which he commits his capital—although the withdrawal of capital, by par ties embarking it in railroads, or for any other purpose, cannot in the least affect the insolvency or the security of a bank, the capital of whose firm has not been lessened by other heavy losses, arising from gross mismanagement or unsuccessful speculations—yet those bankers, which have been living upon the profits derivable from the use of the deposits in their hands, either as mortgages or in discounting bills, will now suffer a heavy reduction in their income—we see that eventually two millions and a half of profit will be withdrawn from the entire banking system. One great evil, immediately consequent upon this withdrawing of capital from private banks, is a tempta tion to induce the Bank of England to avail itself of the exclusive privilege it possesses of multiplying its paper circulation ; and we are aware that this might be done to a great extent without placing in jeopardy its ultimate interests, if due judgment were exercised upon its ad vance of loans or its facility of discount. Other bank ers, as they find their deposited funds diminish, are obliged to reduce the amount of their discounts; but the Batik of England is still at liberty, because she possesses within herself independent powers of production. But whatever good may sometimes arise from a judicious ex ercise of this privilege, we cannot help thinking it a chartered evil. No corporation, irresponsible to the country, should be invested with such a controlling in fluence over all its monetary transactions. The circum stance of its now demanding five per cent upon all bills is either a proof of its extreme cupidity, or, as we would rather hope, of its prudent discrimination in discount ing. If the Bank of England require five per cent upon discounts because discounts are impracticable at some other banks, it is a most reprehensible. ,example of ava rice; if it arise from their participation in the circum stances of the times which narrow the business of other banks, we cannot but applaud their prudence. But be. it from either of these causes, the result is the same. Five per cent is demanded, and five per cent is an interest which will alter the general character of trade ; and the cause—the only cause, we still maintain, is. the abstrac tion of large sums for railroads and other joint stock companies ; and what renders the prospect more gloomy, is that there is no probability, we might say possibility, of any considerable part of this capital finding its way again into the hands of bankers. No : it is the case of breaking large masses into fragments, which cannot be re-united. It is dispensed for labour. How little do raw materials cost What is the value of iron in the state of ore ? Comparatively nothing. It is the addi tion of labour, in its multiplied forms, that gives it a ll i ts value. The very banks that are raised, and excavations that are dug, are all the representatives of labour, or, if you please, of money ; and that which was yesterday a bar of gold in the chest of the bank, the property of one man, to-day is melted down into sovereigns,and becomes the property of thousands. Yesterday, it might have been rendered available in discounting the bill of a mer chant; to-day it is exchanged, in an almost infinity of ways, for the necessaries of life—and is so scattered, and divided, as to mock the thought of being speedily col lected together, and returning again into tile cofFers of the bank, from which it issued. Having.proved that this demand of capital for railroads, &c., is a circumstance...sufficient to explain the diminished facility of procuring discounts upon bills, even unexcep tionable bills, arid, consequently, the, embarrassments which merchants and manufacturers now experience in carrying on their various concerns, we shall also see that the same fact will explain the unusual depression of th e funds. Capital has been wanted for certain purposes, (railroads,) and many parties' wishing to have their ca pital to dispose of have either withdrawn it from the hank, which makes the abovetnentioned case, or have offered funded stock for sale to larger amounts than there were buyers to purchase ; and, as in everyanarketbie whehthe quantity exceeds tliklediand, tae t,rice necessarily falls. That what we have here stated affirls a solution of the difficulties with which the money mar ket is now oppressed, we feel very satisfied; andlf these difficUlties be_already so great, what are. We to expect, when the whole sixty millions.(if such be at all practica . ble) shall be demanded (or novel investments? It be hoves not only political. economists _to look well to; this . question, but we would also press it upon the attention of all our monied friends. It is not against the insecu rity of banks, generally, that we offer any caution, but, first, against those which have not, and never had any visible capital ; and, secondly and principally, against entering into monetary engagements for the fulfilment of which they may depend upon bank accommodation. We have spoken of railroads, as making the heaviest demands upon the spare capital of the country, but we would .add that the formation of joint-stock banking companies have also a tendency to augment the same evil ; for, suppose, for the sake of argument, that one million only is withdrawn from previously existing banks (and we have shown that there is no other source of capital) to be vested in joint-stock banks, although the capital is designed for the very same purpose in its new location, for which it was before employed, yet there is a division, and frittering down of profits; a spreading of a grain of gold on a larger surface, so that the film is less; and all this with an increased expense of manage ment, which, as far as it extends, will operate like the railroads. We have purposely neglected, though not forgotten, the possible introduction of a small capital into this country from the sale of property in foreign funds—this, so far as ft extends, will mitigate the evil complained of; but its amount is - al - together insignificant, and - the portiOn applied to home speculation unworthy notice. On a subject of such .deep and all involving import ance as our n;oney market, implicated as Jt, ,is, with almost every transaction, it would be impossible, in a newspaper, to offer more than a few general reflections, or to explain one or two of its more prominent features. This we designed, and this we hope to have effected. Alarm is the farthest from our thoughts and wishes; but if there be danger, it is folly to shut our eves to it—we do not obtain security by imitating the silly pheasant, which puts its head under its wing, and thinks, because it sees no evil, that no evil can be near—we write from conviction, and we desire investigation. Our con• nexions are with some of the first capitalists in the king dom—the question itself is paramount in its conse quences. We have another reason for urging inquiry at the present moment—distress darkens the judgment, whilst it opens the ears of the public to the voice of political demagogues, who always prosper most when calamity pervades a country. We, therefore, repeat, our appeal to our countrymen—search into tho cause of the present evil, whilst there is remaining among us some collect edness of mind, and the worst passions of our nature are not inflamed. We have devoted a considerable space to record one of the most extraordinary, and, at the same time, one of the most disgraceful meetings that ever took place within the borough of Liverpool. We allude to the meeting of the Town Council on Wednesday last. And what a sad proof does it afford of the' evil - and danger arising from crude legislation.! The Municipal Reform Bill was con ceded to popular clamour, in order that his Majesty's present government might retain possession of their places, and enjoy the sweets and emoluniente of office. During the agitation of this queition our opponents were warned of the danger that threatened there, by such a concession to what was called " public opinion," and it, was then foretold that the bill would work their own confusion and disgrace. But with an obstinacy only equalled by their 'ignorance of the vrorking of de mocratic principles, they persevered in their demand, and instead of Maintaining the nice balance of the Bri tish.constitution, they threw such an overwhelming in fluence in favour of democracy, as not only endangers the civil rights and religious liberties of the people, but affects the stability of the throne. The extension of the suffrages to all the rated householders, even of the lowest class, has had, in Liverpool especially, a most prejudi cial effect. It has led to the exclusion o f t gentlemen of property, talent, or education, from taking a part in the local gOVernment of the town, and installed into office a number of men whose only claim to distinction is, that they are ambitious and restless demagogues, who, to gain a fleeting popularity, endanger the peace of society by pandering to the most degraded passions of the people, and deceiving their miserable dupes by artifices the most contemptible. With professions of freedom on their lips, they oherish and exercise, where they dare, a tyranny most galling and despotic. The meeting on Wednesday last, partook largely of this feeling. Our liberal Town Council have established a sort of inquisi torial tribunal, and insolently claim that their stupid majority shall restrain the freedom of opinion, especi-: allg when it dares to expose the falsehood, the meanness, and the treachery of whig principle and practice. We must very briefly introduce to our readers the persons who figured on this occasion, and then appeal to them if we do not establish the correctness of our com ment by the practice of our liberal Town Councillors. Previously to the commencement of business, Mr. Councillor Evans, (who by some accident or other, re joices in being an alderman,) rose to notice a libellous attack upon the council by one of their own body, (a Tory of course,) and very charitably offered the honour ' able Councillor an opportunity of either denying what he is reported to have said, or, in the spirit of what he termed bravado, to dare the council to their very beards. He suggested an excuse for the member, by saying that he thought he might have been " labouring under the excitement of the protracted festivitiesi (that is, being intoxicated, but a reformed Alderman never uses such a word,) and that be was unconscious of what he was say ing—the Alderman's wit and courage both evaporating at, the same time, he sat down ;, upon which Mr. Coun cillor James Heyworth rose, and expressed the surprise he felt that the council should mix with its political cha racter a judicial one, and assume the.pciwer of inquiring and investigating into the motives and conduct of any of its members. Mr. Heyworth chose very good grounds of defence, and retaliated upon the council, by stating that tile expressions he had' made use of were far less severe than those indulged in by many honourable coun cillors towards their opponents. On which Mr. Coun cillor Rawdon, with that courtesy which exclusively be longs to a liberal Town Councillor, said to Mr. Alder man Robinson, of Castle-street —" What the devil has this to do with it ?" Some interruption took place, and a great deal of confusion, which having subsided, the Mayor rose, and instead of demand ing a fair hearing for both parties, he directed the attention of the council to a circumstance which happened to , himself. He had been also misrepre sented by the reporters, and had taken the earliest op portunity of correcting such mis-report. Mr. Councillor James Heyworth could see no analogy between the two cases, as the Mayor had been misrepresented, and he had not. Upon which tire chairman rose in a pique, and dared Mr. Heywood to make any observations upon his conduct, declared " he would take the sense of the coun cil upon Mr. Heyworth's conduct, and hoped common sense would triumph.' But we now come to a very cu rious part of the exhibition, Mr- Councillor Coglan ac tually rose, and talked about the " law of honour", and suggested that " such line of policy" should be adopted. Who would ever have dreamed some five years ago, that Mr. Coglan, proprietor of the floating tub, where little boys wash themselves once a week-e--patron of cork col lar jackets and life preservers, would have occupied a situation in the town conned of Liverpool, and talked to Mr. James Heyworth about the law of honour ? But such is the fruit of reform ! Mr. Councillor Hevworth, however, nothing daunted by such a formidable array against him, proceeded to justify the expressions Ire made use of; by referring to the practice of some of the councillors; and clearly proved that they were guilty of " s ervility, dishonour and cow ar di ce ." H e not i ce d t h e various appointments that had taken place under the council, and accused them of favouring their own Partizans ; Upon which Mr. Egerton Smith " wished to know what he thought of the appointment of Messrs. Okill, Ellis, and Shuttleworth ?" Mr. Council ler. Lawrence Heyworth very properly thought his brother was not called upon to answer such ques tions.- But we would just ask Mr. Egerton • Smith what he thinks of the appointment of Messrs. Radcliffe, Wyberg,, Curry, Hall, Crooke, and Harvey, who were of the party of the Council ? We need not ask what he thinla of Inspector LyOns, formerly a canvasser for the reform interest, then a police inspector, then defended ' in a disgraceful proceeding by Corporation funds, and by the Corporation's legal advisers. But as the odds are in our favour, seven to three, we need not pursue the in quiry. We have heard it remarked that. although ad ventitious circumstances may raise a man above the circle in which he formerly moved, Ire still retains many of his old habits and prejudices. We can discover much of this in the speech of Mr. Councillor Coglan, who followed Mr. Heyworth. Some short time ago we had it an nounced publicly " that a gentleman would descend into the water, from the deck of the floating bath, bound hand and foot," and that when he was in the water he would 1 " free hi mse lf, an d p er f orm sun d ry f eats ," an d so forth; j so in like manner for the amusement of liberal Town Councillors, Mr. Coglan announced Iris intention of be ing "bound hand and font" at the Angel Inn, and then going into the Council, "repudiate any sentiment about pre arrangement," and free himself from all previous obligations to the satisfaction of the company and his highly respectable and " important" constituency. There was a trifling discrepancy in the numbers who were said to have witnessed this feat at the Angel Inn ; by one party it was said to be forty, by Mr. Coglan about half that number. We should think, to use the expressive language of Mr.Aldennan Evans, that some of the Coun cillors at the Angel Inn were labouring under the " ex citement of protracted festivities ;" but we contend for the principle, and not for .the mere number who could betray such low and despicable servility. The remainder, of the conversation partook of the same character as that we have noticed, and we would therefore direct the at tention of our readers to the report itself. The speeches (if such they may be called, ainidst all the interruptions he was liable to) of Mr. James Hey worth, were distinguished for temperance, sound reason ing, and manly honesty. There was no shrinking from the insolent dictation of the Chairinan,—no evasion of the charge,—but a fair, distinct, and uncompromising avowal of his opinions, and the circumstances under which he had formed them. But we must address a word or two to the Mayor, Chairman of the Council. The time has not long passed by, since this gentleman was accustomed to address " the people" in Clayton-square, on the corruptions and abtises of the old Corporation, and that in language themost intemperate, invective the most scurrilous, and temper the most outrageous ; he would indulge his hearers with a narrative of such abuges as his fancy conld.create, ,his jealousy awaken, or his malice suggest. But now he, occupies the chair in such Council, and is its character improved? CoMpare his conduct in the chair even with that of the late Mayor, and how degrading the comparison. Instead of maintaining the dignity of his office, we find him fretful, peevish, dictato rial, and despotic. During this debate he rose upwards of THIRTY times, and never did a Chairman say less to the point, or display such childish sensitiveness. And thus it is that, to gratify a little feeling of vanity, the business of the town must be neglected, and its interests prejudiced. But a day of retribution will come, and that speedily. We hope the Conservatives will strengthen the hands of Mr. Jas. Hey worth. This is not the time nor the occasion when they should be supine or desert their posts. Interests of the highest importance are at stake, and the Conser vatives must encourage the hearts, and second the efforts of those devoted men who to serve their interests dare the violence and malevolence of faction. Our acquaintance with Mr. Hemming, as is always the case when we meet with one possessed of a culti vated mind; grOws more pleasing as we more frequently meet. We never remember to have heard a course of chemistry more comprehensive in its views, and more lucid in its explanations, than the one now in progress in Liverpool. That they should be delivered to " over flowing audiences" is no more than they deserve, and . might have been expected. It is no less a compliment to our town, and especially to our philosophical opera tives, than it must be flattering to Mr. H. We now resume our task, not as critics, but commen tators of Mr. H.'s third lecture :—The episode upon " Cobalt" is, like the best episodes of Homer a - nd Virgil, a natural offspring of the current narrative, and the only objection we have to it, is the affirmation that " Cobalt's was a lady." If the termination be Roman, we should class this troublesome " spirit" with the masculine gen der; and we think chemists in calling " Cobalbs a lady" evince as little gallantry, as the stern law, which slanders woman, by making " rixatrix, calumniatrix, communis pugnatrix, communis pads pertabatrix," all feminine ? The " grass green" precipitate, obtained when ammonia is added to a solution of sulphate of copper, and arsenious acid, is an arsenite of copper—until the addition of the ammonia no chemical, as well as no apparent action, had taken place. On seeing the nitrate of silver as a test, with ammonia, there was formed a pre cipitate of arsenite of silver—the third test of arsenic (viz.) lime water, is exceedingly ambiguous, as many other acids form insoluble compounds with lime. Still, Mr. H. justly observes, that, in conjunction with other proofs, it js corroborative evidence. We pass over the fourth, as it is fully explained in our report, and call the attention of our philosophical'friends to the fifth test, as it presents to us a hitherto unexplained phenomenon in chemistry. How nascent hydrogen combines with arsenic, we know not. Some suppose that it is because the hydrogen in that state has nut acquired its elasticity; but, in truth, we know nothing of its Saltus from a state of combination to a free state. It is an interesting fact, and may lead to important results. We have ourselves witnessed some extraordinary unions between bodies in a nascent state, which had little or no action upon each other in a free state. The action of albumen upon bi chloride of mercury we think erroneous. We cannot in any way understand how albUmen.can convert bi-chloride of mercury into " calomel." We believe the neutraliz ing power of the albumen consist in forming an inert compound with the bi-chloride, since we know that they are precipitants of each other. We confess ourselves a little sceptical as to the "neutralizing" powers of sugar when copper is taken into the stomach. At all events, it cannot chemically, however it may physically, neutralize it. We apprehend the saccharat of copper, which we have frequently formed, would be as powerful a poison as any salt of that metal ; in some respects more so, as it resembles more closely the hydrate of copper, the most powerfully poisonous of all. With regard to the forma tion of carbonate of lead in cisterns containing " rain water," whilst " none" is formed with "spring or river water," we are much disposed to doubt the accuracy of the statement. We know a part of the. country where the " springs" are so destructive to lead pipes that all the pumps are obliged to be made of wood; and what renders it the more remarkable is, that the water rises through a very thick stratum of chalk, (carbonate of lime,) so that, if any carbonic acid exist in the water, it most probably is in combination with the lime, forming a super or bi-carbonate of lime. We think there is also a little mistake respecting the formation of the tinned lead pipe. We hays had conversations with the ingeni ous and highly respectable patentee of that article, and have now a piece of the pipe received from him ; and the pi-ocess - of tinning is simply that of immersing lead pipe in melted tin at a particular temperature. Upon the exactness of the temperature depends the success of the operation. If the process were adopted which was men tioned in the lecture of Mr. H., the thin film or lamina of tin covering the lead would so suffer in the operation of "drawing" as to render it wholly useless as a protec or against saturnine poison. Mr. H. will, we are certain, forgive us, lovers as we are equally with himself of chemistry, and equally interested to maintain all her powers, if we dispense with every test but. the tongue to determine whether oxalic acid be as acid or not. We now make our bow for the third time to Mr. H., which we intend to speak, as " plainly as a bow can speak," that we continue highly to value his most inte resting lectures. Continue, fellow-operatives, for we are all operatives in our several stations, to listen to the voice of philosophy ; her instructions will prove profit able to you in youth, the days of your strength ; and, in the words of a great philosopher, " In omni cetate, czina multunt, diuque vixeris, mirificos afferunt fructus, quia nunquam deserunt, re • in extrema quidem tenzpore cet atis." THE MARQUIS OF SLIGO.- 7 This nobleman, with his lady and family, arrived here in the England, (Capt. Waite), from - New York; in 18 days, on Tuesday last. His Lordship remained at the King's Arms until Wednesday ensuing, when he left for London. S.. LIVERPOOL ZOOLOGICAL GA RDENS.—The following is a list of donations presented to these Gardens since the last announce roent :—Mr. Aikin, No.'l, Alfred-street, a pair of Red Coati>s ; Captain Bartlett, of the Spermacetti, a Golden Agouti; C a p t. Baker, of the Golden Fleece, a Peccary; Mr. Barber, Chapel street, a pair of Tortoises; Mr. Ge o . Craggs, of .the Vigil an t, a Golden Agouti ; Capt. Chapman, Prescot-street, three Turtle Doves ; Mr. W. H. L. Corran, Clarence-street, Eve' ton, a pair of Muscovy Ducks and a African Goat; Capt. Cook, of the Superb, three Peacocks and an Aligator; Cap t . C ow l ey, of the s, Duncan, a pair of Beadnecke.d Doves; Captain Edward of the Fiankland , the Martinique Gallinule;- Mr. Thos. Evans, Denbigh, a pair of Owls; Mrs. Farrell, Duke -street, a Martin ; Capt. Fox, of the Eliza, an American Black Bear; Mr. Jos. Green, Demerara, a Brown Pace; Mr. G: Gaidiuer, Vendle• ton Priory, a Peccary - ; Mr. E. Glynn, Grove -street, two Came lions; Mr. Thos. Hatch, Seel-street. two Guans; Miss Huson, St. Paul's-sqnare, a Muscovy Duck; Mt. E H. Heyward, Whitehaven, a pair of Indian Monkiea. Mr. Edwa-d Hunt, Bedford-street, a Black Fox; Mr. E. Kirkpatrick, 3, South Hunter-Street, Maryland-street, four White African Doves; Mr. Little Exchange-buildings, a pair of Red Coates; Capt. Lethbridge, of the Nottingham, a Grey Parrot; Mr. Miller, of Demerara, a pair of Curassows; Mr. Mason, Edge-lane, a Crocodile; Capt. Newsou, of the Faithful, an Eagle; Capt. Pattinson, of the Birmingham, a Grey Fox ; Capt. Perry, of the Buoyant, a Red Coatimondi ; Capt. Peile, of the Standard, a Capuchin Monkey ; Mr. Reckless, Berkeley-street, six Turtle Doves; Capt. Reid, of the Gl ace, a Bald Eagle ;Capt..Raisback, Bedford-street, Toxteth-park, an American Fox; Mr. James Smith, mate of the Spermacetti. an Alligator; Capt. Scott, of the George Canning, an African Pig; Capt. Timothy of the George Canning, a Martinique Gallinule; Mr. Williams, tid ewa.; ter, an Indian Monkey ; Capt. Webb, of the Frankland, an American Deer; Cain:- Breeding, of the Luna, a Grey Coatimondi ; Capt. Joseph Bewley, of the Feejee, a Pig-tailed Ape.; Capt. Bis pham, of the Sandbach, a Tiger Cat; Mr. Topping of thellin doo, an Indian Monkey; Capt. Dawson, of the ;`jailor, a Ba boon faced Monkey. NEW VOCAL. Mustc.—A number of Songs and Duets have just been published, the music of which is by Hen i Herz who has, in these compositions, confirmed us in the high opinion we have always held of him as a Pianoforte writer :—his vocal music is distinguished by peculiarly beautiful melody—flowing, elegant, and touching. " SIGH NOT !" "LAND OF S t ( ' )_ votl and "NIGHT AT SEA," are all exquisite specimens composition ; —the last-named agreeably reminds us of the sen sations created by the best of Moore's admired melodies—and we think it will be as great a favorite and 'as universally popu lar as " 1 loved the* in thy spring time," and "'Weshav have lived and loved together," "THE GENTLEMEN OF THE PRESS." On Tuesday last Dr. M 'Ken iie, editor of the Liveripoolfounal, appeared before Mr. Hail to answer a charge of assault, for which , Mr. Thomas Campbell Foster, the reporter . for the Limpool Standard, had caused him to be summoned. Upon the case beiug called, Mr. Foster stood up, and said, that On Friday afternoon last be was engaged in the Insolvent Debtors' Court, taking notes of a case, which had excited considerable interest, for the Manchester impels; the case to which he alluded wit 3 that of Mr. Moon ; the inquiry did not come on till late, and it was three o'clock in the afternoon before it concluded, Ae the Manchester mail left Liverpool at five o'clock, he was naturally anxious to complete the taking of his notes as soon.as possible, In the course of the inquiry a lengthy document was read re, lating to the insolvent, for which .he had applied, and at the conclusion of the case, it was bonded ove,t to hitn. He was about to rukke use of it, when Dr. M'Kenzie, with . much rude, news as he thought, snatched it out of his band, saying that he had applied for it before he (Mr. Foster) had, placed it before, him, and very deliberately commenced copying it., Mr. Foster then said he was perfectly agreeable to have the doCuine tit placed. betwixt them, .t hat both might avail themselves of it; to which Dr.M`lienzie replied, that he would have.nothing to do with such a fellow. What could call forth such a remark he (Nlr. Foss ter) was unaware, unless Dr. M'Kenzie, had taken some private pique against hint. Mr. Foster then appealed to Mr. Venables; who was counsel in the case, and who appeared anxious, that both should have the advantage .of the document, and one of the opposing creditors (Mr. Powell, he believed) very politely uttered to read the document slowly over . to them. To this Dr, M'Kenzie a ga i n re pli e d, th a t " h e w i s h e d i t to b e un d erstoo d that he was perfectly distinct from such a fellow." He (Mr. Foster) was naturally exceedingly irritated at this, and told Dr. M'Keuzie that he was behaving very much like a blackguard upon which the latter immediately struck him a violent blow on. the face with his open hand. This was done in the presence of Mr. Venables, several gentlemen of the bar, and of a crowded court. A gentleman, whom be should call as a witness, who stood near, had very handsomely come forward at the time, and gave his name and address, if he should be necessary ,zis a wit ness. Mr. Batcheldor, who was situated some yards behind, alsri heard the blow, which would merely serve to prove its violence; he not having seen it. His first impulse was to knock Dr, M`Kenzie down, but there was an immediate cry of "outrage in court," and with some difficulty he refrained from striking him, and sat down; he was • greatly excited, and under that excite ment told Dr. Wlienzie that he had behaved like "a dirty blackguard." He now felt great satisfaction that he had not so far demeaned himself as to stoop to the level of the ungentle manly conduct which the defendant had thought proper to adopt. Dr. M‘N.enzie, after the infliction of the blow, presented him his card. The meaning of this was perfectly well understood, hut_ under any circumstances he should not have resorted to so fool ish and absorb a practice of settling a dispute. Instead of resorting to any personal mode of satisfaction, he had thought fit to pursue what appeared to him the wisest, as well as the most peaceable course, and appeal through the magistrates or that redress which the law awarded for so gross au insult. He felt perfect confidence that the decision of the magistrates would be such as would afford fitting redress for the insult he had received, and with their decision he should rest satisfied. Mr: Foster was proceeding to call upon his witnesses, when Dr. M Kenzie intimated that he wished to ask the complain ant a few questions. Mr. Hall signified his assent. Mr. Foster then, in answer to the questions of Dr. M'Kenzie, said that their relative positions were nearly opposite to each other, though they had in the first instance been sitting at the same side of the table, with a gentleman between them. He could noc have copied the document along with Dr. M'K. uulesi he gone round which he wmild Willingly yave done: To the best of his recollection the word " fellow" was applied to him, and not " person ;" and the mode in which it was_ said rendered the observation doubly offensive. He did not give Dr. M'Keuzie the lie, nor did he ever use the ungentlemanly words " you are a liar." He was exceedingly exasperated, but, to the best of his recollection, the words which he used were " your conduct is that of a dirty blackguard." Dr. M'Kenzie.—Did you not call me " a dirty blackguard," " a scamping, fellow," and " a row ruffian ?" Mr. Foster.—To the beSt of my recollection, the words I made use of were what I have before stated. Mr. FoSter then called Mr. Dry, who testified that he had' seen the blow given, but did nut hear anything of the pre liminary c”nversation. Dr. Icl - Kenzie.—" What sort of a blow was it ?" Witness.—" It was a very severe blow." Dr 111•Iienzie.—" How was it given ?" Wilness:—" It was such a blow as I should not have liked . to have had inflicted on me." Dr. 111`licnzie.—", Was it not given with the open hand ?" Witness.— Yes," Mr. Hail.—" The complainant has already stated so." Dr. M'Kenzie then said in defence that he went to the In solvent Court on F riday, that being the day with him preceding that of his publication. He had been sat in the court a con siderable time, and bad applied for the document in question before Mr. Foster entered the court, and Mr. Venal)les had promised to let him see it. He might say, incidentally, that be had not had the honour /l• even a bowing acquaintance with Mr. Foster,:sinee that gentleman had taken occasion so to flame a police report that it reflected both uu his public and his private character. The document was handed over, and Mr. Foster received it; and his impression was that Mr. Foster was performing an act of politeness by handing it over to him, and he took it from his baud, not as Mr. Foster had said by snatching it, though that might be Mr. Foster's impression, for he was fully convinced Mr. Foster would ❑ot state anything which he had the slightest idea was untrue. Upon his telling. Mr. Foster that he had first applied for the document, Mr. Foster told him that he was " a liar" and " a blackguard." He (Dr. M•Kenzie) was sorry that he had forgotten what was due to his own character as a man and a gentleman, and that he had so far erred as to commit a breach of the peace. Mr. Foster had continued after this to call him " a scamp," " a blackguard," and " a low fellow." and to use so many oppro brious epithets that Mr. Venablds had laid his hand upon his shoulder and requested that be would take no notice of him. He was sorry that he was unprovided with witnesses. The only person upon whom he could have called being Mr. Reynolds, the reporter for the Mail, who witnessed the whole transaction, and who was not present. Mr. Foster rose and said he apprehended, in the absence of all proof of the statement of Dr. IVl'Kenzie as to the expressions he had made use of, they would not he received in evidence. Mr. Hall, interrupting, said as Dr. M•Kenzie had no wit nesses he was entitled to the last word. Dr. M`Kenzie said, he should leave his case confidently in the hands of the magistrates. • After a short consultation with the Mayor and Mr. Roskell, both of whom were on the bench, Mr. Hall said, it is much to be regretted that this matter could not have been settled out of court, and the probability is, - that a settlement might have been made, if a sufficient apology had been offered by Dr. M`Kenzie, which, moreover, under the circumstances, would have been exceedingly proper. The facts, - . so far as they are in evidence, appear to be these : that there was some dispute between Mr. Foster and Dr. M`Kenzie re specting some document; that some arrangement was endea voured to be effected between the parties, which, however, could' not be accomplished. 'What Dr. M'Kenzie said upon the occa sion, I have nothing to do with, further than as regards the case. It appeared that Dr. M'Kenzie first endeavoured to snatch the paper from him according to the evidence of the complainant, and afterwards said, according to the complainant's evidence, " let it be perfectly understood that I am perfectly distinct from such a fellow." That observation called forth' the language they had heard, and then a blow was given. Now, the snatch ing of the paper, in the first instance. was an exceedingly abrupt act, and the expression which followed Was one of a very harsh. nature. It was certainly calculated to offend any man of or dinary feelings. It was, in - point of fact, to tell him that he con sidered him beneath his notice, and not his equal in any respect, which might naturally be expected to provoke an angry reply. Teat angry reply was given, and up to that time both partie seem well to have balanced the account—so far as the use of language goes. Then, unquestionably, a breach of the peace was committed by Dr. 111:Kenzie. No words can justify a n assault in law. and, though language can palliate such a case under some circumstances, I can hardly say that there is any palliation in the present case, because hard words had been bandied between the parties. No blow wa s given by Mr. Fes ter, and no attempt was made to strike. lt is n e t l ike a man saving, " You are a blackguard." and then a blow following, but language and conduct calculated to provoke such an ex pression as had been used had previously been applied. lam bound to sav, that this conduct is improper and iliegal, particu larly when we recollect that it was done in a court of justice. It is t rue, that the commissioner did not appear to be sitting at' the time set the court was still held for all ordinary purposes. I am quite sure that Dr. M Kenzie must see that he has acted u Th o u g h we shall certainly take into our consi ionly thing to he regarded as a palli a ti on ; i t i s muc h' te n i j a u t s i t r t n i a t t i o i l e y. to be rogretted that a due apoloey was not wade at the time. It must be recollected that the assault 15 015 committed in the pre sence of a nineber of respectable persons. Although it might not be a severe one , yet still it must b e rev - Anted by every man to be offering a great indignity. Under all the cireninstances, taking - into consideration the regret that has been expressed by Dr. M`Keozie to-day, and but for which we shoutd have been disposed to treat the case much more severely, we think the as sauit has been proved, and we adjud ge th a t y o u d o p a y a fine of sixty shillings and costs, or, in default of payment, be committed to the Borough Gaol for five weeks. Dr. M`Kenzie immediately paid the fine and left the court. The case seemed to have excited great interest, for the court was excessive v crowded during the whole of the proceeding, immediately after which it. was comparatively empty.—Courier. Stu, —Having EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL .S'T.I2VDdRI). S: —Having seen a report in several newspapers of the pro ceedings in Inv ease, on the hearing of my petition before Henry Rev e ll R eyno ld s , E s quire, his Alajesty's chief commis sioner of the Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors, both at Lancaster and Liverpool. It will he recollected by the public on the hearing of my case at Lancaster on the 251 h and 26th July last, that I was opposed by Messrs Charles and Thomas Howard, cotton spinners and manufacturers, Hyde ' Cheshire, - and that having been prepared on the 11th No.".. L .lit,er last, on . the second hearing of my case before the commi,,sioner at Lan caster, with evidence to prove the total . falsehood of Mr. Charles Howard's statement given on oath at the previous hearing. The commissioner then said that he had lung made up his mind, and was perfectly satisfied there was no ground for Mr. Howard's charge, and that he then thought it right to tell me so, that my mind might be relieved from any imputati ,, n, and that flora such determination of the commissioner I was in consequence wholly prevented, which 1-was then prepared to do, from bring ing evidence to disprove the whole of Mr. Howard's charges,. which were whollyfaL e and without foundation. It will be also recollected at the same time that it was proposed that the inves tigation of the whole of my accounts should be referred to Mr. Harmood Banner, of Liverpool, accountant, and in which fully concurred, when, after two day's examination of my ac counts the whole were substantiated, with the exception of a transaction with the Commercial Bank Or England, Manchester, which was only then discovered, and previously unknown to me, by which it appeared that I had paid into the said , bank between the sth March and 14th April last £60 1 6. is. and_ only en tered as received from the hank in my cash memorandum book of uecessity have received this' between the same periods £3569. 18s. 10d., miLsing a difference receiveds I from them, is the sole cause of the omission of the entry t o r t : ) e 2 ; s ' ) ?r 0 . s Ch 2 e l . bark, A . d:h n u a d s v t ig h omitted c aiu t o c e u t t i , tfiedr was s m d e o a n s e ent G h t i %co u n , , gi t v h e e of payment of the same, Having arrived in Manchester, and being anxious to clear up lw requested Ai immediately on receipt of the money front the bank. this transaction, I called at the Com_mercial Bank of England i d n i e re t c h t e or di a it t e 'd s a v n vh k e . n an l d and particulars of the sums of money 1 had received from the in a n M a g o e n r d .o a f y it st b bank against the £6076. is. lid. 1 had paid them between the sth March and 14th April last, which he declined to do, and ob served that the business was now over and it was not necessary. I was surprised at receiving this answer, and which precludes me from accounting for the money so received, which I am now an xious to do.— I am, Sir, your obedient - servant, Manchester, Bth Dee 1836. JOHN MOON. ENORMOUS TURNIP —lllr. James Park, seedsman, of Mil- - loin, Cumberland ha s . growing on his estate a turnip, (green' top) of the following extraordinary dimensions; circumference:, 31 inches height, 27 inches. Pe has also on one acre of ground' 50 cart loads of potatoes. 1