The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-03-21 00:00:00

lliNfi Fii 544 n nvitate4 &W in** whilt dot iniked Poi aro' their own Airaivo, not to We Wind CO ths titattitea of bantvoionkle, (TAW niiarg , ) The inactivity of property in Liverpool was attended with disastrous results to our pommeree ; and, considering how the prosperity of the shopkeeper was identified with the prosperity of the mer chant, he thought all classes were interested in hetterinn . the present condition of things. (Bear , hear . ) Although he was not a merchant, it was clear to him that 255. per cent. was more than the merchant could afford in these days of competition to pay for insurance • and lie begged them to recollect that railroads had in no ;light de gree destroyed the advantages of localities, and that if the commerce of Liverpool continued to be burthened with such an exorbitant rate of insurance, it might probably take the wings of the railroad, and fly away. (Bear.) What was it that had made land and buildings so valuable in Liverpool? Intrinsically and abstractedly, land in Castle-street was 'loss : A meeting of the rate-payers of Liverpoot v/0-, Friday last in the Sessions-house, Chapel-street, to tgin into consideration the clauses of a bill introduced into the douse of Commons by the Commissioners of Paving and Sewering, for providing an adequate supply of water for the extinguish attendance was not very numerous hild et? ing of fire llotztus, Esq., Chai to the chair. JOHN n of the Commissioners, was called The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, that they were all aware of the extensive losses tv arisen in the town in consequence of the fires that ha taken place frorn * the want of water to extinguish t they were nkn .1— --...—.. ...1 made utat, uwille crt trie constant computuns wee.. . weather. from the streets not being properly watered in hot worth little more than land in the middle of Chat Ike ee e Pier. To remedy those evils it had been determined to. and the bricks and the timber of which the shops in Castle ?Fele to parliament for a bill to give certain powers to the street were constructed, were worth n o more in one p lace Highway Commissioners, which he would call on Mr. Deane than in another. (Hear.) Why, then, that land was worth to read to the meeting. £2O a square ard, and why did the shops produce such high Mr. DEANE read several of the clauses, and stated the rents? It was the commerce of the port that stamped effect ° f others. Th e main provisions may be briefly stated value on the property in the to wn. It was the enterprise of to e plan to empower the commissioners to carry into effect the the merchant—the foreign produce he imported, and which the PF?Posed b Mr. Ashlin, with which all interested in filled our warehouses — that gave v a lue to the house, the subject are,we conceive, familiar. The commissioners shop, and the office—that gave employment to the multi are to be enabled to supply any of the inhabitants with water tudes, who react upon the shopkeeper, and furnished both for private baths or other purposes. They are further to be them and all classes with the means of acquiring an honour empowered_ to borrow at interest, on the credit of the rates, able livelihood. (Loud cheers.) And was it, then, the ' a ly_ sum s not exceeding thirty thousand pounds; authority is paltry consideration of whether we should have a halfpenny exceed to levy a rate, with a proviso that it shall not or a penny in the pound, that would induce gentlemen And t u i l, in any one year, the ' sum of one penny in the pound. to reject a bill ha vine for its object the preservation s the corporation have agreed to contribute a certain both of property and 'life ? (Hear, hear.) He entreated annual sum towards the expense of maintaining the engines, all who heard him to take a broader view of this 1 p . na or reservo. of thatlias' Bce., it clause is inserted to authorise the treasurer tant -question, and not, by a petty and unworthy oppo x500: ody to pay to the commissioners the annual sum of sition, to assist in committing local suicide. (Hear.) He protested that if the present state of things were permitted Pal clauses Alderman Nicol. said they had heard the two princi- long to exist, and fire after fire took place, it must end in the mode ldelaufses of the bill before the meeting read, viz., as to the destruction of the character of this port; and, although the extio 0 . supplying the town with water for the streets and charges from this bill would fall as heavily on him as on any f o gutshing fires, and the way in which it was to be paid person in the town, he should neither be doing his duty to r. It was not necessary ' for him to detain them many the constituency who had sent him into the council to p rotect Mi nutes in ord er to show them that someth i ng i n th e s h a pe the interests of the town, nor should he satisfy his own of that the bill was absolutely necessary in Liverpool. During conscience, if he did not lift up his voice and protest against en fires last in eight months they had seen almost weekly extensive such a state of things as now existed being any longer ). the town, principally caused from the want of water dured. (Applause.) They had a most efficient fire-police — Part to them in their origin. He had taken an active w ell disciplined, well arranged, and prompt in action. Mr. but also only in the mode of altering and building warehouses, Whitty, their leader, was deserving of all praise ; but what in th e ,° i n the considerations w hi c h had lately taken place could he or they do when at every fire they were left without with water, In respecting abetter mode of supplying the town water? (Cheers.) Suppose the army of the Duke of Welling and a In done: so, many parties had been consulted, ton in the Peninsula had been brought face to face with that ai neong eert the rest the Water Companies, with a view of as- of Marshal Soult, and they had found when they got into with t il l: 1 ! ; w hether any arrangement could be entered into action that although they were well commanded, and had necessary, of extine •• -.1.(: "" supplying a sufficient quantity of water for the their muskets in order, they had no ammunition in their fires. It was, however, found absolutely cartouch boxes! (Loud laughter.) Where would they have laid do. rY, to accomplish this, that pipes or mains should be been ? And yet such was the situation of the fire-police at houses'''. n altogether distinct from those which supplied the the late tire at Messrs. Fawcetts. When he (Mr. Holmes) allededin the town. Many of the casualities to which he had arrived on the spot, he would have guaranteed all the damage from ti took place in the night, and it generally happened, for a few hundred pounds, if he had had a copious supply of good the quantity of water supplied to houses in the town, a water. (Hear, hear.) And yet the fire-police were obliged tfwYii Portion of which was from the mains, that they wereenapty to stand by for hours and see building after building con o come morning. In consequence of this it was found necessary sumed without any means of extinguishing it. (Hear.) And ensnsider how separate pipes could be laid down so as to here he was reminded that it was not always warehouses that tires, a sufficient supply at all times for the putting out of first took tire. The. great fire in Formby-street did not s, and watering the streets of the town. At present a originate in a warehouse, but in a bone-boiling house. (Hear.) considerable sum was paid to the water companies for water The late fire originated in an iron foundry ; and he appealed a n rthe latter purpose, but enough could not be furnished, to Mr. Rushton, who was present with the mayor, whether ThistheY were now obliged to have recourse to other sources. the fire did not spread from the foundry across the street, sum. together with what would be contributed by the and set fire to the warehouses, when there was not a drop of Corporationsill it, would go far towards paying the expenses, but water to be got to impede its progress. And had we not had d tho was absolutely necessary to provide for the cost, al- steam mills, and buildings of all descriptions, consume u gli it might not be required. Mr. Nicol concluded where the same want of water was as severely felt? (Hear.) with re • e other moving the first resolution, for which, as well as the A scheme had been mentioned by Mr. Smith, of stopping see the advertisement. the progress of fires by hanging up iron screens against the The resolution was seconded by Mr. JAMES AcRERs• doors and windows of opposite buildings. Who in the world 'I FORD asked what was tire estimated cost, and the ex- world venture in the face of such an intolerable heat as that tent which they intended to carry the main pipes ? which generally existed, to hang up such screens, even if they Piping. BIRKETT replied that it was thought £14,000 would were on the spot, and if there was machinery to get them wii nine miles of piping, but by doubling that length of up ? It was like attempting to resist the attack of a ferocious ?, i t , 4 0 ,.,,,, was found the expense would reach nearly £30,000. tiger by unfurling a parasol for self-defence. (Laughter.) proposed to the inhabitants sanction the plan, it was Mr. Ford had drawn a comparison between the returns , th ,_ _ to raise the sum of £50,000, instead of £30,000, at I yielded from warehouses and cottages to the disparagement f e nny in time providing that the rate should not exceed one i of the former • but he begged to tell that gentleman, that he Y i n the pound. The commissioners, in this matter, (Mr. Hohne) 'had had some little experience in both sorts of proposed t ei rre ogoon by degrees, as they had done with the , property, and as far as that experience went, deducting the seine; of the town. loss of rents by empty warehouses, he thought warehouses Forte said there could only be one opinion as to the did not yield on the average quite as large a rate of interest desirableness of a better supply of water in the town, but as cottagesdid. (Hear.) Mr. Ford had spoken, too, of the there which h might be more than one opinion as to the mode in projected mains not being carried through every street, as water that supply was to be obtained. There were several being unfair, and of the difficulty of carrying them through Seta 'companies in the town, and when they obtained their streets with 6-yard butts, where there were already two gas r , t"eY Were allowed to make an additional charge in their and two water pipes. To the former argument he replied, ' e s , in consequence of their undertaking to supply water that there were many streets where the companies had now to general fires no mains at all; and to the latter, that tire pipes were not Air. HARBORD said that only applied to one of them. laid alongside each other in many streets, but, in some cases. N lr- FOR D said, if that was the case, and there was a over e ach other ; and even if they were not, there was still c lause ifor ti insert e d i n t h e i r bill compe lli ng t h em t o su pply water room in any street for the contemplated main. ( Hear hear.) them rat purpose, why did not the commissioners call upon He had stated before this his conviction that the supply of the to say wiry they did not afford an abundant supply for water to this town ought ne ver to have been left in the hands with of extinguishing fires, at all events in accordance of private companies—(loud cries of " Hear, hear"),-but . h a o r . . o leted t e spirit, if not the letter of the law ? They had neg- that it ought to have been provided by the constituted au a new odo so, and now appeared before the rate-payers with - thorities, and then the mains would have been kept con s scheme which would cost the town an enormous out- stantly filled ; but as the companies, wisely for their own l ie (Mr. Ford) did not approve of that scheme, and advantage, turned off the water when persons were supplied thoughtfor it it would be much better if the bill was postponed; for domestic purposes, Mr. Ford's proposition for having find it was passed in its present state, they would pipes carried to the top of every warehouse would be useless, theythemselves surrounded with difficulties from which because it would be generally connected with an empty Passing that not be able easily to extricate themselves. By main ; and would be about as serviceable as an empty pipe rf:lng that bill they entirely exonerated the water corn- of another description would be to a smoking friend whom Panics from what he considered they were bound to do, he saw below him, if that friend had no tobacco to put in it. Z e i r h a e b pad no notion of doing that unless there was a eon- (Loud laughter.) Mr. Ford had contrasted the warehouses rase ater 'the .‘„ e reduction in the enormous rates now charged by of Liverpool with the factories of Manchester ; but he (Mr. companies. The plan now proposed was to Holme) knew something of the factories of Manchester as Waterwater from the river to be preserved in tanks. That well as Mr. Ford did. He therefore begged to inform that was salt water, which would act very rapidly in core gentleman, that most of the Manchester factories possessed ending the iron pipes through which it passed, and the lifting wells of water wherewith to work their steam-engines ; and weil as keeping of it would be a most expensive process, as to many of those engines were attached powerful forcing keeping Thachiner • the number of persons necessary to work the pumps, kept ready for seasons of emergency ; and therefore f ee , 1, to examine the pipes, and to keep them in per- the cOntrast between them and Liverpool warehouses, without ofhLeorder, and also to see that every key would Perform its such advantages, and used merely for storing goods, fell to the w i t , e • He was sorry they had not come before the meeting ground. (Applause.) He now turned to Mr. John Smith, ,__ er u e a proper and exact estimate of the cost, instead of a who, with his usual ability arid good humour, had appeared in talcabstract measure. They ought to have had ready a the character of an antagonist to this bill ; and he asked that ,72 e u r lation of the cost likely to be thrown upon the rate- gentleman, when he expressed hostilities to the Water COM -It,';Y 's• What did they mean to do ? Did they mean merely panies, whether carrying out the present proposition was not to confine the the laying down of pipes to a few main streets, or the first step to the destruction oitheir monopoly ? (Hear.) „e did of the warehouses? (No. no.) If Mr. Smith had spoken of spontaneous combustion in ware : nvnitd not, instead of requiring nine miles of piping, they houses. He (Mr. H.) thought that that combustion had "ld find three times nine would he inadequate. Would been the spontaneous one which arose from smoking tobacco they ° Pen up the principal seats of the town to lay down in cotton rooms, and which had caused so many fires.— ~--s i n g •' The C (Hear.) He also asked why the committee had not sought m. TIAIRMAN.—Yes, we would. for new designs and new modes of bettering the present etZ:', F ORD ,- - Nothing was so great a nuisance as the con- state of things. He could assure Mr. Smith that the corn ier, t 'aYing and re-laying of pipes in the principal streets of mittee had had before them plans without number, some of la v a ° ; 1 : 1 0. Would it not, therefore, be the wisest course to them good ; and he had had schemes propounded to him pri scitC"e the bill before them for the present, and consult v a tely which convinced him that some of the inventors were , .the water companies, to ascertain whether the Y could hardly in their right mind.—(Laughter.) Not that he could t l i l i PPlY them with a sufficiency to extinguish fires? Could be supposed to be insensible to the value of mechanical sci wietri not allow them for that purpose, if they could not do it ence, for he desired to pay to mechanical science the just w , ~ their present funds, a small rate on warehouse property, t r ibute it deserved ; and he would answer for the committee, " :\ l ; r h at present paid them no rate at all? of which he was a member, that they would give every con- Thai' ~BIRKETT said that mode would be much less expensive sideration to any suggestion which men of science would , toe present plan. , Mr bring before them. What they now asked for, to enable them , or re ' on (in continuation) complained of the want of in- to accede to the standing orders of the House of Commons, Plans to under which the meeting laboured respecting the was merely that the Parishioners would sanction the general su re t o be carried into effect by the bill, and said the mem- p r i nc iples of the measure, and thus no time would be lost tee orignated with the Corporation of Liverpool , who had Surely the commissioners 'of sewers might be trusted to iduivildniublic funds at their disposal. and who could without in. forward this essential measure ; and if they betrayed their lo o k ie al Cost, ve given the public thatinforrnation they were trust, the remedy was in the hands of those who had to re- To _ eg for. Ile found a Fire bill had originated with the -elect them. And in reference to the other part of the mea caw: Council, but after its introduction into the House of saute, which fell into the hands of the council, the same re ase m e a s it had been found necessary, perhaps for more remedy was at hand. If their representatives failed in doing 13 - ""an one to divide it into two, and hand one to tire their duty, let them be rejected. (Hear.) Let this measure tilerrd i t 1 , o ea • i enwick-street. There was a clause in that bill be faithfully and honestly carried out, and be was convinced ~,, slug the rate from Id. to id. that it would be an advantage to the whole community. -iiqrr• BiRKETT.—No, no. There could be no legislation for a particular class in such a Tow n ' . said he had obtained a copy of the bill from the case as this.richest and the poorest were alike in t,: , - all, a clause of which he read for the benefit .of Mr. terested ; and he bad no doubt the day would arrive when `nricett. Mr. B all would cheerfully acknowledge it, and every man present To IttKETT said that bill had been introduced by the would cordial') approve of the perseverance of those who T uwi ' t cil 2 erk, but had not yet received the sanction of the now sought powers to carry this bill. (Loud cheering.) al so i._ "Axil- The clauses, however, in it, which were Mr. RUSHTON fully corroborated all Mr. Holmes had the ici,itiithe bill before the meeting, had been struck out of said respecting the consequences of the want of water at Mr. F tires. Out? ORD.—Why was not the money clause also struck Mr. J. S. WALKER strongly urged the necessity for suf- Mr. Pooleficient supplies of water being obtained to protect the town, IllakeT T said it had been found necessary to introduce in proof of which he mentioned that that very day the fire Pool to the blouse of Commons giving the Mayor of Liver- in Lydia Ann-street had again broken out, and a fire had burgr wer, in case such a fire should occur as that of Hain- occurred in Duke-street for which no water could for a length p re __ n to order the blowing down of adjoining property, to of time be procured. - ro z . t Its spreading. That bill had been drawn up-by the Mr. J. SMITH said, before it was passed, he wished to h a d l elerk but it had never been before the Council , nor observe that lie could not agree to the bill unless an assurance they a s yet expressed any opinion on it. was given that his suggestion as to obtaining the very best Air. 1, ' in both bills, still complained that the rating clause was left plans should be adopted. tr eat ills, and then suggested that it would be better to Mr. HoemEs said they had seen plan after plan proposed with ideraei the water companies, as their reservoirs were con- to them, but many of the projectors were more fit for bedlam swig Y, higher than any warehouse in Liverpool, and sub- than rational society. biati...l the propriety of their supplying the houses from After a few words from Mr. N. b. BOLD, in vindication aiwa ‘e:i s .instead of main pipes, so that the latter might be of the insurance companies, the resolution was passed. th e 5 .... kept full in case of fire. He also suggested that in Mr. EARLE proposed the next resolution, which was se theLitiodbe tenee:iirehouses pipes should be placed, with plugs iir each conded by Mr. J. Fletcher, which after a few words from supplied with water from cisterns at the top of Mr. Birkett and Mr. Ford, the latter stating that he reser- Al anch in g, as in several factories in the neighbourhood of ved himself to oppose pro bill in the House of Commons, i n _ .10ester, and concluded hy recommending that the meet- . Mr. D. HODGSON pposed the third resolution, which e:yst should adjourn for time, until it was ascertained whether was seconded by Mr. A. Henderson, and put from the chair, a nd to arrangeme n t _could be effected with the water companies, after a promise had been obtained by Mr. Smith from the h e ~. ;1 1 ,i. diode ~. of obtaining a sufficiency of water. Thanks having been voted to the chairman, the meeting sett'. LIARno peace RD said Mr. Ford had not given them the op- seperated. of affording theu, that information which he ap hPe_erseed so much in need of, and again he attacked the vrart purt!iettyo.rs, as though they were perfect beggars upon ; ti‘! "e - ... ti com Pr rn o 11 1 ;1 P_o_ rtn.—l never mentioned them. 4 sh;st.IiARBORD replied that Mr. Ford had made various trlel were about taxing them, but he (Mr. H.) thought if cootrib re disposed to be selfish they could say already they ' at _ lee _uted towards many things of no use to them, and in -I,;.!e,idt_the lamps, the watering and flagging of the streets, which the _he o warehouse proprietors could do without. nailer F an asked permission to say a few words in expla.- . r. , and was proceeding when he was stopped by ar gument Alderman EARLE, who said he was answering the , ar,, of Mr. Harboard instead of explaining, and he was ; 1 % . ~ed by Mr. Earle with having attacked the owners of %,e r h . o_nses on account of the large per centage they paid. r,v FORD denied having done so. air. S. Holzer, said he certainly had, for he had taken the exoression do • wit Arr. ,j. SMITH, one of the proprietors of the Mercury, . addressed the meeting at some length, and con ehilusedretej is s observations by p ro p os i ng t h a t a c l ause s h ou ld b e in the bill authorising the award of prizes for the most practical suggestions on the subject. DEANS words from Mr. Birkett and Mr, Ford, • prO N V ir itl . ed read the sth clause of the bill, in which it is that the water may be taken from the docks, " or fru iti an other source from whi c h wa t er can b e convenientl obt a i eet i xx So A ni rra e:distue. y discussion ensued on this point, after whi c h M r . spoke at some length against the bill. He argued ti t l e m r y a h o t e u t hat as the warehouse proprietors received great per centage, ght to pay also great premiums, and that as a consi gnerortion of the goods in the warehouses belonged to forei warel ious : ! and were there on commission, therefore the irea,a_ of e t ewners ought to pay the greater portion of the ex- Nivi.s. SAMUEL I lie present measure.—The clause was carried. Prop ese A IuEL HOLME said that he had a resolution to listener tlat had attended there rather in the character of a wa _ one of ian a speaker. The question before the meeting pro s sperit great local importance, involving the commercial Y of the port ; and he thought that those who Iseidoekdedvat it in a narrow and isolated manner, and took a one questioinewa of the subject, could hardly be said to treat the separate the its importance deserved. It was impossible to th e einterests of all classes of society : the interest of k eeper, merchant was the interest of the tradesman, the shop lab rthewho mechanic ; and the interest, too, of the humblest ( e _ r. , •ho earned his livelihood on the quays of our docks. al ,ta ) We cannot legislate for classes. (Hear.) We are classl" It Were One vast familywhat is injurious to one tnerc e , b i y the singular and unalterable ramification's of corn_ eated .. ,, s felt to he injurious to all. Ile, therefore, depre see ~..`i ' l . et Petty and unworthy feeling which he was sorry to tummy on this occasion, because he hail hoped to find t hem look " a question such as that under discussion. Let flagratior at the effects produced by the late calamitous con reckoned's• (Hear.) The losses sustained had not to be durin g 11 millio-ns-"ebY hundreds and thousands of pounds; but, (Hear. Lh y er th sufferere d last few years, that loss had to be computed by ) Was it the merchant alone who was No. Were not our warehouses surrounded most wellings of the poor? Had they not witnessed the distressingelement which, scenes during the fearful ravages of that a servant, which' , when kept under proper co ntrol, was so useful t, when bur s ting forth in all its fi er ceness, was such a but, se ‘Yrannical master? (Loud cheers.) He had often en the poorerfurniture—perhaps classes removing their their "—amidst scenes of distress which were most heart- FIRE LAST NIGHT.—Last night an alarm was raised that a fire had broken out in Orrell-street, Vauxhall-road. The engines were quickly on the spot, hut no material damage had occurred, the fire having been quickly extinguished. The Secretary of State for the Home Department has issued a positive order that M`Naughten be kept in strict seclusion. Two men (Rebecca's daughters) were tried at the Pem brokeshire assizes, last week, for breaking the dwelling house and toll-house of William Rees. The prisoners were found not guilty. REBECCA AND HER DAUGHTERS IN KIDWELLY.—Last night week, some of the disciples of Becca assembled at Kidwelly Gate, leading to Garreg Mountain, and completely demolished the toll-house, the gate and posts of which had been, a month or six weeks previous, destroyed by a body of that reckless gang. COMMISSARIAT.—A return ordered by the House of Commons shows the total estimated cost of the Commissa riat department for 1843-4 to be £191,045 15s. 4d. ; that for 1842-3 was £200,939 10s. Decrease for 1843.4, £9, 893 15s. 2d. Total coat of officers and clerks in foreign garrisons and possessions for the year ending March 31, 1844, is esti mated at £46,893 15s. Estimate for extra clerks, store keepers, &c., at the several stations abroad, for the same period, £64,814 19s. Bd. Pay and contingencies of the Commissariat branch of the Treasury, £4,045 3s. 2d. Amount required for hind and inland water transport, &c., £73,439. Half-pay, superannuations, pensions to widows, &c., £47,949 19s. TRADE WITH CHINA : THE FIVE PORTS.—Mr. Gutzlaff, in a letter dated Chusan, October 28, and addressed to Mr. Mathieson, of Glasgow, gives the following information re specting our trade with China :—" There can be no doubt that the commerce to this part of the world will soon be con siderable, if our merchants will not overstock the markets by overtradiug on too sanguine expectations. Of the new ports you will already have heard. Shanghae, the only emporium for central China, and enabled by inland communication by water . to transport goods with ease, oilers the largest pros pect for imports of cotton and woollen manufactures. It will furnish, in return, raw silk of the best description, some green teas, and also a few silk and cotton manufactures that are still in demand in England, or are carried in English and American bottoms to South America. However, the re sources of this emporium remain still to be developed, and, judging from the favourable situation, and the present exten sive maritime native trade it now enjoys, it will be our largest port for importations. Ningpo has considerable capital at command—will furnish us with green teas, scud sou s s a d silk—take off our hands a good deal of cotton goods and woollens, and also rece ive in m oderate quantities Straits pro duce, for which Shanghae is, however, the principal mart. Futchoo, the metropolis o f Fokeen, furnishes our black teas, j and will, therefore, have the largest proportion of our trade, and take in return principally raw cotton,. and a few manu factures, for home consumption. To this place I hav e self been appointed, and shall proceed to shat town wi . thin a few days, if I have to remain during the winter here in the magistr ac y. Amoy will be a re g ul a r depot for everything. It will fu rn i s h us with the ch ea p er kinds of black teas that grow on the coast; h e mp, camphor, and sugar candy, from Formosa, and a great quantity of sundries, such as umbrellas, alum, and coarse China ware, for the Indian market, and will take al m o s t everything in exchange, for the merchants of that city are the carriers of China, but principally raw cotton." rdtvurom mAncil ifii46TON, The Match Segalota of the peace for the borough of Liver. pool commenced yesterday in the Court-house, Chapel - street , bgfore Jamas C'arke, Esq., Recorder. The calendar con tains the names of eighty-two parties for trial un charges of felony and misdemeanour : of these only 1 is able to. read and Write well ; 28 can read and write imperfectly ; 14 can read imperfectly; whilst the great proportion of 39 are unable to do either. The Grand Jury was composed of the following gentle men : JACOB FLETCHER, jun., Esq., Hanover-street, merchant, Foreman. . Wm. Alexander Brown, Grecian-terrace, merchant. Timothy Bourne, Exchange-street West, cotton merchant Robert Carter Pedder, Strand-street, broker. John Campbell, Netherfield-road North, broker. James C. Duncan, Chapel-street, merchant. James Duncan, India-buildings, merchant. Edeta d Gibbon, St. Anne-street, gentleman. William H. Gilliott, Lord-street, merchant. Thomas Grundy, Upper Kensington, merchant Henry Hill, OldChWrchyard, merchant. Thomas Hobson, Rumford-place. merchant. John Haseldine, Upper Parliament-street, shipbuilder William Elope, Goree, merchant. Charles Ironside, Water-street, merchant. Timothy Jevons, New Quay, iron merchant. Samuel Kearsley, Percy-street, broker. William Lowe, Canning-place, corn merchant. Peter Leicester, Brunswick-street, corn merchant. David Lamb, Rodney-street, merchant. John Lomax, Duke's-place, shipbuilder. George Langtry, Water-street, merchant. The RECORDER, in his charge to the Grand Jury, said, it mnst be highly gratifying to them to find that the peace of the town, under the guidance of its excellent chief magistrate and the borough magistrates, had been so well preserved when it appeared to be threatened ; and it must also be equally gratifying to know that their views and wishes, on this important subject, had been so well seconded by the Found discretion and good sense of other parties who might unhappily have lent themselves to the excitement of bad passions. Th.; calendar was by no means a light one, con sidering the very short interval between the present and the last sessions, only a few weeks; but still their duties would not be found laborious. There were, however, certain cases which would require a great deal of consideration ; not that they would present any difficulty in point of law, but because the commission of the crimes had been attended with a great deal of violence. He was satisfied that the Grand Jury would give this class of cases their best consideration. The Clerk of the Court would lay before them some presentments found by the Grand Jury at the last sessions, which were full of good sense, and which he should wish them to look at before they were discharged. These presentments pointed out the very indiscreet conduct of many shopkeepers in ex posing their property, whereby temptation was offered to thieves ; and at the last sessions, the view which he (the Re corder) took of such cases met with the unanimous approba tion of both juries. A stop should be put to the system. If the parties themselves were careless to prevent crime, they ought not to be the persons to come forward to press for punishment ; but if they did come for justice, in consequence of their own carelessness, some notice, he thought, should be taken of that fact; and, therefore, whenever he found crimes committed from the carelessness of prosecutors in exposing their goods, he should not allow the costs of the prosecution. The judges had adopted a similar view, and he should certainly act upon it. There were two or three cases of that kind to come before them, and at the end of the duties he -hoped they would be kind enough to point out those cases in which there had been any degree of misconduct upon the part of the owners of the stolen property, The learned Recorder concluded by acknowledging the efficiency of the police establishment ; and the Grand Jury then retired to their room. Several cases of minor importance were tried during the day ; and the Court rose about 5 o'clock. The sessions are expected to terminate on Thursday. INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT.-LIVERPOOL, MONDAY, MARCH 20, (Before David Pollock, Esy., Commissioner.) William Langley, remanded from the last two circuits, again applied for his discharge, and he was opposed by Mr. John Newby Moore, on the part of the detaining and op posing creditors. It appeared that twelve months ago the prisoner was ordered to be discharged conditionally, on the payment into court of £l9O, alleged to be in the possession of his brother-in-law, for the benefit of the general creditors. The COMMISSIONER asked the insolvent whether he was prepared to pay in the money according to the order of the court ? The insolvent replied that he had been unable to obtain the money. £l5 had on a former occasion been paid in ; but he had himself no means of finding the £l9O on which he had been remanded. His brother-iu-law had the money, and refused to part with it. The COMMISSIONER.—Your brother-in-law ought not to lave it : it ought to go to the creditors at large. How lately have you applied to him for it ? The Insolvent.—Within the last four months. Mr. MOORE was about to enter on the examination of the insolvent, when The COMMISSIONER said, he had looked into the notes of the learned commissioner who had sat on the case on the former occasions, and the result was, he was satisfied that the court had done all which the court could to get back the money ; and the insolvent had thought it right to remain in gaol now for fifteen months, instead of coming into court with the money. By a note of the learned commissioner, he seemed to think that the insolvent was working out the sum by remaining in prison ; how much longer he might yet think proper to remain he (the commissioner) knew not; but, under the circumstances, it appeared to him that the court had done all which it could to assist the creditors. The insolvent had thought proper to remain in gaol long enough to be punished for his misapplication of the money ; therefore, in conformity with the minute of the learned com missioner who sat on the case in July last, the insolvent must be discharged, as he had suffered imprisonment enough.— Discharged. Charles Brown, cart-owner, was opposed by Mr. JAMES, on the part of two creditors, Mr. Hugh Jones and Mr. Wil liam Tyson. It appeared that the insolvent had been ar rested by one James Beesley, a bailiff, but formerly a cart owner, for an alleged debtiof £5, contracted two years and a half ago, for a horse. On inquiry, it turned out that this was a friendly arrest, and there seemed to be doubts whether the debt was genuine. The insolvent, in his examination, stated that he had sold to Mrs. Jane Roberts, of Vauxhall road, two horses, two floats (a low cart), a set of gearing, and some stable utensils, fcr £4B odd. The sale took place the first week in September, yet there appeared in the insolvent's schedule a charge of £36 for provender for his horses be tween the Ist of September and the 2d of December, although he had sold them. In answer to a question from the Com missioner, the insolvent said there must be some mistake in it. The Commissioner said that when an insolvent came before him with debts of only £5O, it would require a strong case to convince him that he ought not to be discharged ; but there were exceptions to this rule.—The Insolvent : " Well, I cannot read, and if they have put it down wrong, I cannot say." Beesley was then called and examined ; at the end of which Mr. JAMES applied to the court for the petition to be dismissed on the ground of collusion. The Commissioner, in granting the application, addressed the insolvent thus : " 1 have no doubt you will get out of prison without my as • sistance ; but if ever you should come here again, do not re peat this special balance sheet, because I do not think there is a word of truth in it. The present petition is dismissed." Petition dismissed. John Wheatley, unopposed, applied for the benefit of the act. His debts appeared to be only £33.—The Commis sioner : Could you not contrive to pay £33 without coming here ?—lnsolvent : No ; I could not, because I was out of work.—Commissioner : I am sorry for it.—Discharged. Neil lir Viccar applied for his discharge. supported by Mr. VENABLES, and opposed by Mr. TRAFFORD. It appeared that the insolvent was the landlord of the Royal Oak Inn, where he became involved. The ground of the opposition to him was, that he had received £2O from a Mr. Munro two days before his arrest, for the good will, &c., of the tap, well knowing at the same time that he was in insolvent circum stances ; and also that he had obtained a quantity of corks from Mr, Barwise, a manufacturer, under the false pretence of selling them again by commission. In his examination, the insolvent stated that the sale of the corks to him was ab solute and not on commission. On the other hand both Mr. and Mrs. Barwise proved that the corks were furnished to him to sell on commission, at the rate of 10 per cent., the money to be paid in two or three days afterwards ; but, in stead of selling them for money, he sold there for a quantity of spirits, so that Mr. Barwise never received a farthing. The evidence being closed, Mr. TRAFFORD said he had to apply to the learned com missioner to remand the insolvent on two grounds. The first was that he had received the £2O from Mr. Munro, for the tap, at a time when he was in a state of insolvency; in deed he received the money on the Saturday night, and on the following Monday morning bailiffs were in the house. lie must, therefore, have,known that it was utterly impossible for him to carry on business ; consequently, in receiving that £2O, he had acted fraudulently. The other ground of the application was, that the insolvent had obtained the corks from Mr. Barwise under the false pretence of selling them upon commission. He had chosen to say that the sale was absolute; but both Mr. and Mrs. Barwise bad contradicted him. Under these circumstances lie called upon the com missioner to remand the insolvent for such period as he might think the justice of the case required. Mr. VENABLES replied, that with regard to Munro's claim, it was no debt, therefore it was not within the act of parliament; and, on that ground, the application for a re mand could not be sustained. As to Mr. Barwise and the corks, if there had been any fraud, Mr. Barwise had himself cured it by a condonation in rendering to the insolvent a bill of the goods. The COMMISSIONER directed the insolvent's schedule to be amended, by inserting the £2O obtained from Mr. Munro as a debt. This being done, the commissioner, after de tailing the circumstances and commenting upon them, directed the insolvent to be remanded for four calendar months from the date of the vesting order. The court adjourned at five o'clock till ten o'clock this morning. The list contained the names of three insolvent debtors whose cases were adjourned from the last circuit, and thirty two original cases—total, thirty-five• The following are the results up to the rising of the court last night : ADJOURNED CASES. .Discharged.—Matthew King, William Langley Discharged conditionally.—George Entwisle. ORIGINAL GASES. Discharged. Eliza Porter, John Carpenter. Henry Adolphus Schlesinger, John Harrison, Thomas Pritchard, James Hamill, James M'Coy, Charles Orton, James Smith, George Kenrick, Charles Lunt, Ellen Farraday, William Holliday Cornforth, Frederick Vessey, Peter O'Neill, John Williams (schedule to be amended), John M'Gregor (on giving up possession of a house to Mr. Rogers, the landlord), John Wheatley, Walter Philip Gunnyon, Frederick Smith, Peter Kennedy (after having been in custody five months from the date of the vesting order), Neill MiVicar (after having been in custody four months from the date of the vesting order. Petition Dismissed.—Charles Broom. Adjourned.—Patrick Daley. Dead.—John Jones, William Gordon Bulkeley. THE FUNDS, SATURDAY EVENING. — Th e Consol-rnarket prices to on speculative account, which have influen ced has exhibited heavy symptoms to-day, owing to some sales to the extent of one-eighth per cent. in addition to the . de cline of yesterday. The last quotation for money was 961 to and for the account 90; New Three-and-a-Half per Cents. left off 1024 to ; Exchequer-bills, 68s. to 70s. pm. ; and India Bonds, 795. pm. ; Bank Stock was also a shade lower, closing 184 to 185. Foreign securities sympathized with the dull state of business in the English funds, and beyond that there was the rumour of the likelihood of the Barcelona affair not being altogether settled to the satisfac tion of the French Government. .The speculators in Spanish have taken alarm at this, and have realized in several instances the larger portion of their accounts, thereby clearing themselves with profit. Spanish Actives were last quoted 234 to 4 ; ditto Three per Cents., 32 to ;_ Portuguese 404 to ; Colombian, 261 to ; Danish, 87 t o 86 ; Belgian, 1044 to 1054; Brazilian, 8 0 to 81; Dutch Tw o - an d- a -H a lf p er Cents., 564 to 4 ; and Mexican, 304 to 4. It will be ob served that all the speculative securities are rather worse than they closed last evening. THE POLYTECHNIC 00CIETY, ON THE PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS OF LIVERPOOL (Continuation of Mr. Samuel Hamer: Lecture.) The next great improvement was the widenidg of Lord- Ptreet. And here a serious mistake was made. The act of puViament gave power to widen, but our local governors failed to Riribellish. The north side remains, with a few exceptions, us it was originally built, and there are 50 different elevations, with hardly one building deserving the character of handsome.. And on the south side, which was entirely re-built, how meagre is the architecture ! Here was a noble line of 1,000 feet, which might have been rendered ornamental; but instead of a noble range of edifices, with projections of a bold and nervous description—instead of columns, carrying entablatures which would have given pleasure . to the eye to repose upon, instead of the light and graceful attic, in all the harmony and elegance of just proportion—we have a flimsy and meagre range of edifices, with scanty pilasters. with miserable entablatures. with not a single parapet to cover the hideous roofs, and many of the buildings have been so slightly constructed, that they are even now dependent on their neighbours for mutual sup- port. Let us now look at Dale -street, and what do we discover? Width has undoubtedly been obtained, and so tar, it has proved a public convenience. But lam anxious:to establish the fact, that you may administer to public convenience, and yet, you may do nothing to establish public taste, or elevate our character for the desire of public beauty. With a few exceptions, some of those faulty in many essential points, the so-termed improvement in Dale-street has not caused the erection of a single edifice that can claim any merit as an architectural production, and without specifying particular objects which might be considered invidious : I must remark, that in many of the thoroughfares which have been widened, elevations have been permitted that would not be creditable to the back settlements of America. Surely it is the duty of our local governors to take care that something more than width is obtained, when more than £lOO,OOO has been ex pended for the improvement of a single thoroughfare. As to Tythebarn-street, I trust not myself to make a single remark on this abortion. Those who directed the improvement of this great thoroughfare, must have been studying the analysis of beauty, and have come to the determination, that the greater the diversity the greater the grace, and that the more frequent the departure from straight lines, and sweeping curves, the more striking would be the effect, and the more overpowering the elegance. I turn with greater pleasure to Fenwick-street. Here we have something of better character--here we have several specimens worthy of the name of architecture : and when the whole of this street is completed, although it will not present a very imposing appearance, yet there will be little to offend, and much to praise. South Castle-street is much en a par with Lord-street ; it is a piece of patchwork ; and, if variety be charming, then must every man be delighted with its appearance. 1 might extend these remarks considerably, but I am not desirous of criticising individual erections. The great point which we must be anxious to see remedied is the general improvement of the town ; and, although you need not be told that it is the aggregate of individual erections that forms the general im provement—just as the multitudes of atoms forms the moun tain, or the aggregate of drops produces the ocean—yet I for bear particularizing, lest I should injure the professional reputation of many whom 1 much respect, and who have, in too many instances, been chained down by that inordinate love for cheapness to which I have already adverted. I ask you then to cast your eyes on Bennison's or Gage'a map of Liverpool, and look at the acute and obtuse angles which are formed by the eccentric divergements of our streets. There are scarcely two leading throughfares running parallel with each other; street grows out of street in the most extraordi nary manner, without any apparent design ;—and it has been observed with as much facetiousness as truth, that Liverpool was originally laid out by the cows, who formed a track in their way to. their pasturage, which track became a footpath, which grew into a lane, and which was magnified into a street. This original defect in laying out our thoroughfares is the reason why so many of our public edifices are in such awk ward positions. The Town-hall, I have already observed, is not in the centre of Castle-street. St. George's Church stands awry both with Castle-street and Lord-street. The beautiful Chapel of St. James's Cemetery is askew with both of its leading approaches. St. Luke's is similarly situated ; and I might multiply examples if they were not familiar to us all. But in making these remarks, to which I have been re luctantly forced, that I might do justice to my subject. it is right that I should be impartial, and congratulate you on the progress of the last few years. When we recollect that SO years ago that part of the town within a line drawn from Queen-street down Oldhall-street, along Castle-street, South Castle-street and the north side of Canning-place, then the Old Dock, was the most densely populated part of Li verpool ;—that our merchants sought the suburban districts of Hanover-street and Wolstenholme-square, the east side of which commanded a lovely view of smiling fields, now co vered by Bold-street, and a charming hill, blooming with beauty, vegetation, and foliage, now better known as Rodney-street and Clarence-street--or when they sought the more rural districts of Duke-street or St. Paul's-square, to escape from the noise and bustle of the town ;—and when we look at the position of these once favoured spots—the man sions of the merchants converted into of f ices, their gardens covered with manufactories or with residences. the ancient houses of our shopkeepers and traders almost all destroyed, and piles ofoffices, suites of svarehouses and all the conveniences of modern commerce erected on their sites, when the eight acres of dock space has grown into 100, and the population has increased from a mere handful to about 250,000. When we recollect the many stately piles that have sprung up , tor worship,e the asylums called into exist encenevolence, the edifices reared by pu r pobsyestho the emotions reemliogtioi o u n s sofbenevolence, the successful pursuits of honourable exertion, and for our extended commerce, these and a hundred other recollections are pleasing, and with these recollections we must desire to see blended, those delineations of beauty, which are or ought to be in harmony with such unprecedented growth. I attri bute much of the increase of our local taste during the last few years to the sure, but silent, operation of our Athenaeum, and of the Royal institution, in which we now assembled, to the annual exhibition of the works of our living artists — to the various scientific institutions which have been estab lished—to the spread of knowledge—the improvements in mechanical science, and much of it, I believe, has grown out of the elegant and accomplished mind of Mr. Roscoe, and was extended by his beautiful address .at the opening of the Royal Institution ; and as example is a great teacher, our architectural taste began to be improved when the beautiful Grecian portico which adorns this building was erected, for it was speedily followed by many others of kindred charac ter, and an impetus was given to our public taste, which has been extending slowly, but surely; and whether since the peace our intercourse with the continent has improved our national morals, I do not now stop to inquire ; but certain I am, that it has corrected and improved our national taste in architecture, painting, and sculpture. The shops of this town, though often disfigured by whim sicalities; which are mistaken for beauties, are yet prodigi ously improved of late years. Let any one compare the shop fronts of Castle-street, or of Lord-street, with the more modern fronts of Bold-street, and a few other places, and the improvement will be percep tible. The decrease in the price of plate glass has been an important circumstance to our designs for shops, and I hope that in this department of our domestic or shop architecture an increased purity of taste and boldness of design will be come every day more perceptible. lam aware that by a de cision of our Highway Board, which I am not about to bim pugn, and which prevents a projec tion of pilaster and cornice beyond a specified distance from the vertical line of a front, many architects are prevented from launching a bold design ; yet, within the specified line, if there be not space for archi tectural boldness, there is at least space for the exercise of good taste. Our dwelling-houses would open a wide field for observa tion ; but as they scarcely come under the head of public im provements, I must refrain from any ings of a private character. observations on build_ Our churches, however, may require a few words. Our ancestors had a laudable pride in makint their places of worship worthy of the name. They considered that temples erected to the great Father of all should be of a character su. perior to other edifices, and while they were content to dwel in houses of an inferior character and description to the ma n , sions of more modern days, they never erected a building to the honour of God, without making it, as far as they were able, worthy of the high service to which it was dedicated. The vaulted chancel, the lofty.nave, the pointed windows, softened and beautified with stained glass, the stately tower, or the lofty spire, on which were lavished the skill of the ar chitect, these are all characteristic of our ancient churches but in how few instances does this noble and disinterested spirit animate us in the present day. Nothwithstanding the extension of our commerce and ma nufactures, and the great increase of our national wealth, our churches have suffered a material deterioration, whi c h must be evident to all. Instead of raising edifices such as our forefathers did, the grand object of the present day seems to be, how an ornamental barn can be erected, ornamental in the worst possible manner, where persons can be pewed to. gether for £3 a sitting. The ecclesiastical character of our churches has not been sufficiently attended to; and examples are not wanting in this town and neighbourhood of buildings being erected for churches of which our forefathers would have been ashamed. The truth is, that cheapness has been the grand desideratum, and so long as this is the case, we can only deplore the circumstance. In.too many instances where the ecclesiastical character has been in some measure attended to, many of the buildings are so barbarous in their external appearance, and are constructed in such a flimsy manner, that many of the churches built in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries, which are now grey with age, will be in existence and will be stable erections long after some of our modern churches have fallen into decay. And here I cannot avoid remarking that a singular approximation is fast taking place throughout the kingdom between the modern buildings erected by the dissenters and those erected by churchmen for the purposes of divine worship. Our dissenting countrymen are increasing the splendour of their chapels, and instead of the plain brick buildings which they formerly erected, are calling in the graces of architecture and sculpture, and bor rowing, in many instances, the ecclesiastical character so long employed by churchmen only. Not to travel out of our town, the new chapels at the Crescent, in Pembroke-place, and in Great George-street, are illustrations of the former, and several minor edifices, together with those erecting in Hope-street and Canning-street, are proofs of the latter. I do not say that churchmen are called on to erect edifices such as the splendid cathedrals which adorn our land ; but I do aver, that our churches should present a better and more striking appearance than many of them do, and that the scanty and thrifty spirit , which is unfortunately too prevalent in the present day, o ught to give w a y to a more expansive benevolence, and that our sacred edifices should not be made the architectural sacrifice offered oq the altar of niggardli- ness. The abandonment of stone in too many instances has caused a deterioration both in our public and private edifices. Whatever belongs to a building, is capable of receiving the impression of design, and may be made to co-operate in the cultivated or refined expression of that building as a whole. But when, for the sake of economy, we are driven to abandon a material which, both in appearance and in reality, is con nected with solidity and durability, an d are o bli ge d t o con struct all our mouldings and projections merely of plaster, bearing the name of Roman cement, w ith ou t an y of its qua lities, which becomes, in a short time, a piece of painted or whitewashed patchw ork, an incongruity is the inevitable re sult, and that cha racter for durability is destroyed which ought ever to accompany design, and by which the general taste of one age is transmitted to its successors. Much of the evil which I have often lamented, will, I doubt not, be removed by the better education of the middle classes—by the increased attention which is paid to pictorial composition—to elemer4illy drawing —and to the higher cul tivation which our public schools is likely to engender, not only as schools of design, but as semi nar i es t o i ncu l ca te a purer taste, by directing the att ent i on of the middle ranks i n a great degree to cla s sical . stud ies, and to acquaintance with , the models of antiquity and wherever this has been the case, as in Edinburgh, for example, the effe c t i s seen i n pu bli c im provements, because society is a orowd i n mo ti on , an d it is in the nature of things that those who, by intellectual achievements force themselves forwards beyond the common pace must attract attention, and those who feel the jostle must either mend their own pace or be left behind. Few persons ca n have an idea of the wonderful and mag ents made d ur i ng t h e l ast ten years a t nificent iinprove rn Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and has be en e ff ec t e d through the instrumentality of one original and expansive mind. From having been an ill-built and mo s t i nconven i ent town , with narrow, dingy streets, it seems as if, by the wand of an en chanter, one of t he ancient cities of Greece bad been again and suddenly transplanted into Nor called into existence, thumberland. Wide and snacious thoroughfares, hand . some squares and crescents, public edifices of great convenience and beauty, streets of beautiful dwellings in all the harmony of regular design, and arranged with architectural skill, con- ittruttatt with whit* Cr., stomp, and pm/tenting to the cisitor a noble and striking appearance I these are all the creation of one man ; and the inhabitants of Newcastle will be un grateful if they do not perpetuate the name of Grainger by some testimonial worthy of his character and his talents. We of Liverpool may learn much by a visit to that town ; and I hope that our future improvements may not be put to the blush by the achievements of a town of minor impor tance. _ Liverpool possesses one commanding site, which, if judi ciously laid out, will be of great importance. A good be ginning is made, and I hope it will be continued. I allude to the vacant land in Lime-street, on which the new assize courts are being erected. It is the very centre of the town, and ought to be the place around which should be clustered our handsomest edifices, and within the area of which our pablic monuments ought to be placed. The corporation has most judiciously selected this site for our new assize courts, and it will be approached from Ranelagh Place by a street of twenty yards broad. Uniformity of elevation will be characteristic of the new edifices to be erected on the west side, which is to be thrown back, but with a slight alteration on the east side, to ease the obtuse angle at the bottom of Skelliorn-street. I regret to add, that although the act of parliament gives power to alter the eleva tions on that side, we are told by the Finance Committee the funds are wanting; and the improvement will, so far, be incomplete, one side presenting a handsome appearance, the other rendered more hideous by the contrast. Without any intention of introducing a subject which may have the slightest tendency to bear a political complexion, I must remark, that the corporation are much crippled by the re striction imposed by the Municipal Reform Bill, which only gives power to the council to employ the surplus revenue of the estate for the public benefit of the inhabitants ; and the charge for our police and other matters connected with the government of the town is so heavy, that I fear the surplus revenue will be exceedingly small. Added to these, it being compulsory on their to build a new gaol, the greatest economy will be necessary to prevent the imposition of a borough rate. But this need not hinder a well-digested plan for the improve ment of the locality in question, to be carried out by degrees, as the funds of the corporation may admit of. I think the time has arrived when the whole of the business connected with the administration of justice ought to be removed from the immediate neighbourhood of our Exchange. That neighbourhood is required for commercial purposes ; and I trust that the Bridewell, the Sessions-house, and the Po lice-office will speedily be sold, all occupying the most valuable land in the town ; and that these may be con centrated in a more suitable spot, and on land of much less value. It is high time that the disgraceful practice of haling all the vagabonds of the town across the area of our Exchange, and through such crowded streets as Castle-street, Lord-street, and Dale-street, should cease for ever; and that the most valuable situation in Liverpool should be occupied as a bridewell, more particularly when the site is most inconvenient from the great spread of the town in a contrary direction. The plan I should propose is this. Let the Islington Market be destroyed ; because, from its proximity to St. John's Market it is useless; and, when the market in Gill-street is ready, it will not be necessary. On this spot I would erect the daily courts, the magistrates rooms, and offices, together with the station for our police, and the various other accommodation necessary for the ad ' ministratior of justice and of local government. This edifice ought to be in perfect keeping with our assize courts, and its architectural character made to assimilate. It would then form the north end of a splendid quadrangle, and with the assize courts on one side, and the grand facade of the railway on the other. we should have a most magnificent place in the centre of the town, which every stranger entering from the railroad might look upon with admiration. The view from Lime-street would be imposing, having the beautiful colon nade of the assize courts seen in perspective, its southern portico entirely visible from Ranelagh-place, and, from the position of the two buildings, they would come gradually into view, until the whole would burst upon the sight in all their symmetry and beauty. Who has not admired the view in High-street, Oxford, where every step reveals new beauties; or the cluster of splendid edifices visible from Carlisle Bridge in Dublin ? Why should we be behind any other town, when we have an excellent site, and means for carrying out the ne cessary designs ? I would place the bridewell on the elevated site occupied by the windmills and paltry houses in Mill lane, enclosing the building within walls, having a suitable entrance, and affording yards for airing,; for, let it be recol lected that prisoners confined in bridewell are taken there before trial, and many instances have occurred of innocent persons, and even of respectable females, having been confined in bridewell on mere snspicion, against whom there has been no charge of criminality proved. From a bridewell so placed there may be a tunnel communicating both with the daily courts and the assize courts; and the foundation being of rock, the situation will be dry and airy, having great facilities for drainage ; and one great advantage will be, that prisoners will never be seen in their passage to the assize court or the daily court. In addition to which their safe custody will he provided for. The present bridewell reminds me of Dicken's description of the Prison of the Tombs, in America, and it is totally unfitted for its present purpose. Much was said, a short time ago, about providing public parks for the working classes and their families; but I am convinced that a park at a distance from their habitations would prove inoperative. The working man, after a hard day's toil, will not walk a mile or two from his habitation ; but give him a place of recreation near his home, and be will avail himself of it. If then, the miserable buildings between St. John's Churchyard and Shaw's-brow were removed, in cluding those between the Churchyard and the Old Haymar ket, and the intervening space was laid out as a walk ; and if, in addition, a bridge was thrown across the bottom of Byrom-street, so as to do away with Shaw's-brow altogether, we should have a noble entrance, almost level, directly through the heart of the town ; we should have the splendid edifices to which I have alluded visible on all sides, from distances favourable for viewing them, and a place of recrea tion would be provided where 20,000 persons could enjoy themselves, surrounded by the graces of architecture, and close to their own homes. This would be a project worthy of the munificence of Liverpool, and a standing monument of our local taste. It will be admitted by all that sewerage is of vital import ance to a large town. There must be the great leading arte les through the principal thoroughfares, and the various mailer veins, extending in every direction, capable of carry off all impurities into the cloaca maxima of the ..__. And if so, how important it is that attention be paid ,o ventilation. It is part of great improvements to provide ipacious streets and promenades, and it is well known that liseases are more difficult to eradicate from crowded neigh sourhoods and narrow streets than from situations, where there is free scope for the air. Well have the parks and squares of the metropolis been designated the lungs of Lon don. Liverpool, possessing an open front to the river, might be one of the best ventilated towns in the world if we had spacious streets running eastward from the river, and being continued onward with the extension of the town. The wid ening of Lord-street and James's-street was, in this respect, a great improvement, and when Hanover-street is widened, great benefit will result from it. I have ever been of opinion that the continuation of Cook-street to the bottom of Man chester-street was highly desirable in two respects :—First, to admit a free current of air through one of the closest and most filthy portions of the town ; and, secondly, to throw open, in a central position, a most convenient and advanta geous position for trade. A. 20 yard street, carried in this direction, would dislodge the occupants of Preston-street and other streets, which are constantly filled with fever ; and the frontage being in a direct line from the top of Brunswick street, would be most valuable for shops and places of busi ness, which would tend to concentrate trade in the very heart of the town, and would give a direct passage to the Railway Station. The intervening property between this new street and Dale-street on the one side, and Whitechapel on the other, would be materially increased ; much would be gained by the thousands who every day walk round this neighbour hood instead of walking through it, and a great air vent would be created in one of the worst ventilated parts of the town. If another street was opened from Strand-street, and Ather ton-street was widened, so as to form another great leading artery, connected with College-lane and Seel,strget, the be nefit would he felt, not only in creating a locality for trade, which is now occupied by dwellings of a miserable descrip tion, but in promoting the salubrity of the low, swampy neighbourhood through which it would pass. Itis high time that such places as Litherland-alley and Crooked-lane were abolished, and I believe it was at one time seriously contem plated to continue Fenwick-street through to the Old Dock, on what is now termed Benn's-gardens ; and if that im provement had been carried out, and our Custom-house had occupied the intervening space between that intended street and Strand-street on the one side, and between Redcross street and the Old Dock on the other, the edifice would have stood on an elevated and commanding site, and the improve ment would have been complete. When I remember that the foundations alone of the New custom-house cost £70,000, and that we lost a dock worth at least £lOO,OOO, it clear that there would have been greater economy in placing the edifice in the position to which I have alluded ; that it would have been more advantageous to the public ; and a much greater ornament to the town. It would be useless for me to point out other portions of our public streets which are capable of great improvement, because at present I can only treat of the matter in general terms, and because there are no corporate funds to carry them out if adopted : but all who have to deal with the public improvement of the town, may comprise them in few words—Width of streets—beauty of elevation —harmony of parts—ventilation and drainage. We should have given the remainder of Mr. Holme' dress, but it is of great lengthunderstand that, at the desire of many gentlemen, it is el to bp publishod in the form of a pamphlet. In prayer it is better to have a heart without words, than to have words without a heart. THE STRIDE OF A RACE-HORSE. — The average stride, at full speed, is twenty-one feet. But there are many excep tions to the rule. Flying Childers was the swiftest horse, it is generally admitted, that ever ran a course. That opinion is somewhat questionable. Nevertheless, the ground co vered by Flying Childers at the utmost stretch of his stride was five and twenty feet. The stride of Filho da Puta, when he won the St. Leger in 1815, was twenty-four feet three inches and a half. The stride of Blacklock—the next stride after he had passed the post when he was defeated by Ebor, unseen by Jackson, was twenty-four feet eight inches. The stride of Harkaway—the finest horse of modern days—at the top of his speed, with his neck level with his back, his head on one side, and whisking his tail—with Bst. Sib. on the sad dle, was twenty-five feet exactly. JOURNEY FROM INYERN7SS IN 1740.—1 came off on Wednesday, the 30th of July, from my own house, dined at your sister's, and did not halt at Inverness, but came all night to Corribrough, with Evan Bailie and Duncan Fraser, and my chariot did very well. I brought my wheelwright with me the length of Aviroore, in case of accidents, and there parted with him, because he declared that my chariot would go safe enough to London ; but I was not eight miles from the place when, on the plain road, the axletree of the hind-wheel broke in two, so that my girls were forced to go on bare horses behind footmen, and I was obliged to ride myself, though I was very tender, and the day very cold. I came with that equipage to Ruthven late at night, and my chariot was pulled there by force of men, when I got an English wheelwright and a smith, who wrought two days mending my chariot ; and, after paying very deer for their work, and for my quarters two nights, I was not gone out four miles from Ruthven when it broke again, so that I was in a miserable condition till I came to Balnakeardach, where my honest landk,rd, Charles M'Glassian, told me that the Duke of Athole had two as good workmen at hairs as were in the kingdom, and that I would get my caariot as well mended there as at London. Accordingly I went there, and stayed a night, and got my chariot very well mended by a good wright and good smith. I thought then I was pretty secure till I came to this place. I was storm-stayed at Castle Drummond, by the most tempestuous weather of wind and rain that I ever remember to see. The Duchess of Perth and Lady Mary Drummond were excessively kind and civil to my daughters and to me, and sent their chamber lain to conduct me to Dumblaine, who happened to be very useful to us that day, for I was not three miles gone from Castle Drummond when the axletree of my fore wheels broke in two in the midst of the bill, betwixt Drummond and the Bridge of Erdsch, and we were forced to sit in the hill with a boisterous day till Chamberlain Drummond was so kind as to go down to the strath and bring weights, and carts, and smiths, to our assistance, who dragged us to the plain, where we were forced to stay five or s ix hours till there was a new axletree made, so that it was dark night before we came to Dunblane, which is but eight miles from Castle Drummond, and we were all much fatigued. The next day we came to Litligovv, and the day after that. we ar rived here, so that we were twelve days on our journey by , our misfortunes , which was seven days more than ordinary. Letter of Lord'Loyat, published by the Spaldnig Club. Caledonian Mercury. SHOCK OF AN EARTHOAEr IN LTITIMOOL AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD. (From our Friday's Second Edition.) In our last number we mentioned that the shock of ati earthquake had been felt on Friday last, abouz, eight in thc morning, in the neighbourhood of Blackburn, Rochdale, and the hills which separate mid York4iire. No damage a only this done t ,makable about it was that i arently hay The first to ace on tir )th of A :a on the 11t:11 June, 1839 We have now to mention that on Friday morning, about one o'clock, or a few minutes before, a similar shock to that described above was felt in this town, or rather two shocks following in very rapid succession — so rapid . indee d , that to many they appeared to be simultaneous. We can, however, testify that there were two distinct shocks, betweet which there was an interval of from ten to fifteen seconus. Many people, who had retired to rest, slept so soundly as not to have perceived the convulsion of the.earth; but the greater number of those whom we have had an opportunity of seeing, felt it so strongly as to create in them consi derable alarm and apprehension. We have heard the descriptions given by individuals who reside in dif ferent parts, but the most connected and intelligent we have been able to obtain have been furnished to us by the Town-cleric Mr. Radcliffe, who resides in West Derby, and by Mr. Whitty, the head constable, whose house adjonis the central police station between George's and Canning docks. _ _ ... The Town-Clerk stated to us that he had been writing in his room till half-past twelve o'clock, when he retired. He had been at rest a few minutes, when he was startled by the bed shaking, and the furniture being agitated with conside rable violence. This lasted for a period of six seconds, or somewhat longer; and it was followed by an apparent rum bling from beneath, and an indistinct noise in the dressing room adjoining. Some alarm was of course excited by these unusual circumstances; and Mr. Richard Radcliffe having experienced exactly the same sensations, the conclusion was at once arrived at that it was the shock of an earthquake. The noise which followed the shock, for none was observed to precede it, appeared to the Town-Clerk and his son to proceed from north to south ; but there was neither time nor opportunity for marking the direction with accuracy, and it is probable there may be a mistake in this respect, as it does not correspond with the accounts from other parts. No damage, that we have heard of, has been done at West Derby. . _ The narrative of Mr. Whitty is more in detail, and from his situation at the time will probably be found on a comparison of all the accounts, to be the most gene rally accurate. He was in the parlour of his house, on duty, in fact, taking a cup of coffee, when, exactly at five minutes to one o'clock by the police time, he suddenly heard and felt a violent agitation of the windows of the whole house and of the floor in the room in which he was sitting. B e i ng accustomed to hear loud explosions from the works in Albert dock now being excavated, which is at n o grea t di s t ance , he was not much surprised at the noise ; but at the same time he observed to Mrs. Whitty that he thought the excavators had purposely caused the explosion to take place underneath his windows. _ than a minute afterwards another shock followed, infinitely more violent than the first; the house shook from top to bottom ; and a violent rumbling noise was heard under the house just as if a dozen rad way trains had been running through a tunnel underneath The shock and the noise were so loud and violent as to awaken all the family who had retired, and as if by consent, they assembled on the stairs in a state of great alarm. Having quietened them, Mr. Whitty went into the street, and the policeman on duty at George's Dock bridge told him that he was leaning against one of the pillars there, when suddenly he thought he heard a carriage run rapidly across the bridge, and the ground rumbling and shaking all around him. This officer perceived two shocks. The policeman on duty at the north end of Canning Dock was next questioned by Mr. Whitty, and he stated that lie first observed some casks, which were lying on the quay, move as if they were alive ; they tumbled and shook, he added, as if some men were concealed in them—a very professional idea for a police officer. After this, the house was examined, and it was found that the windows on the second floor [French] had been forced open by the shock, and some furniture had re ceived a trifling displacement, but no damage was done, and the alarm soon subsided. Mr. Whitty added that the shock appeared to him to proceed from east to west, a n d th a t nothing could be more distinctly perceptible, The first shock lasted from three to five seconds, and the second from seven to ten seconds : and at first it appeared as if the tower of a church, at some distance, had fallen down at one crash. Not the least remarkable circumstance . was the agitation of the horses in the stables throughout the town, particularly in the South division. No damage has been done, we believe, to the buildings in any part of the town. In Deane-street, Kensington, and the district adjoining the Botanic Gardens, two shocks were distinctly felt. In Kirkdale, and especially at the House of Correction, the shock was very distinctly felt. Mr. Amos, the governor, was up at the time; and he states that at ten minutes before one, the porter's lodge, and several parts of the gaol, shook and trembled greatly. The difference in point of time of the shock being felt - here and at other places, is probably owing to the variation of the clocks. The house of Mr. Appleton, which adjoins the Court-house, felt the trembling of the earth in a still greater degree. The shock was distinctly felt at the Standard-office. The sensation was similar to that expeiier:ced by the houses on the line of the Railway Tunnel, when that work was in pro gress, during the blastings of the rock. Our men were " locking up the forms" at the time, and the noise was ascribed to them. A gentleman in Mount-pleasant describes the effect there as if his house trembled, and the beds in every chamber were shaken. He affirms that the candle stick, which he feels confident lie placed at the end of the table, appeared in the morning to be considerably moved. The shock was felt with considerable severity on the Cheshire shore, opposite to the north part of the Town, and extended, (more particularly (as far as we can yet hear) over the surface in the Wirral Peninsula, on its east side, con tained between Wallasey Pool and New Brighton. This includes Seacombe, Egremont, Liscard, the Magazines, Wallasey, &c. In Liscard and Egremont it was distinctly felt by many persons, nearly or precisely at the same time, — namely, ten minutes to a quarter before one o'clock. Mr. Mathie, a gentleman in the employ of Messrs. Gibbs, Bright and Co., and who had before witnessed several earth quakes abroad, was awakened by the shock at a quarter to one o'clock by his watch. He beard the internal rumbling noise that generally accompanies such phenomena, and sen sibly felt his bed-room shake. The crockery ware on the wash-hand stand made a considerable rattling. The house was not, however, shaken so as to crack the walls. There could, he says, be no doubt but it was an earthquake. He got up and dressed. Several persons in the neighbourhood also rose from their beds in alarm—the greater part not knowing what to make of it. The windows and doors of many of the houses shook and rattled. A young lady in one house was so alarmed that she ran from her own bed into that of her sister-in-law. Mr. Giball, in the Customs, says he was asleep at the time, but his wife, who was awake, sensibly felt it, and awoke him. She went to the window, and their first impression was that some accident from explosion had taken place at the Maga zine. More than a dozen respectable gentlemen in the neighbourhood felt the shock in a nearly similar manner. In Mulbery-street the shock appeared to have been felt severely. It is in the highest part of the town. It was also felt distinctly in Abercrombie-square in the same neighbour hood. _ - At the police-station in Buick-street (south part of the town), the resident keeper, David Wilson, who was above in bed became so alarmed that he ran down stairs, where it had also been felt by Samuel Tuck, of the police, who thought the building was sheiVen by the cart that sometimes comes to the station. _ _ . . . In the ustom,house, decidedly the heaviest building in the town, the keeper of the house, Mr. Bronwin, who domiciles at the top, felt it severely and became alarmed, but could not account for the shock. The watchman stationed in the building below also felt it simultaneously, and states that it made the windows and the doors shake and rattle in a violent manner. We have the names of many highly respectable gentlemen residing in various parts of the town, as well as in Liscard, Egremont, &c. ; but we do not deem it necessary to furnish them. From their concurrent testimony, no doubt can exist but that a commotion of the earth took place in this locality about the time stated. Happily it was not so severe as to injure buildings or endanger lives; yet, taken in connexion with the recent slight shocks felt in this county last week to the north east of Manchester, as well as with the fearful and destructive earthquakes in some of the West India islands. It has certainly created great interest in some, and apprehensions, never we hope to be realized, in others. Earthquakes of fatal effect, in this island, are not, we believe, to be found on record. The 'following is the account handed to us by Captain Caldheck, of the City of Dublin Steam Company, residing in Oliver-street, Woodside:— " Happening to be sitting below stairs reading upon the morning of the 17th instant, I had an ample opportunity of experiencing the shock of the earthquake in its fullest inten sity. At precisely seven minutes to one, civil time, the room seemed to stir with a laterel motion similar to that of a ship careering gently to a slight flaw of wind ; this was succeeded by three heavy vertical shocks, accompanied by a smothered rumbling sound, resembling the distant boom of heavy can- The duration of the phenomenon was about three se- The morning, being singularly still and calm, caused so unlooked for an interruption to wear an appearance at once solemn and alarming. " I am circumstantial in giving the correct time in conse quence of my knowledge from former experiences of these visitations :in Peru and Chili, that the shocks I felt were those of an earthquake, and consequently the most exact data which could be afforded would be interesting. It is not very improbable but we may be visited with more of these subter raneous movements, the same elements and agencies being as busily at work beneath the surfaces of our islands as in other countries; but from various causes, the combustion being slower, we are only now beginning to participate in evils which have devastated such portions of the globe. I beg to say, that of the many 7'emblors I experienced in South America this fully equalled the most violent of them. I have often witnessed the inhabitants of Valparaiso and Lima run ning about the streets in the greatest terror, being alarmed by shocks almost imperceptible. The only thing I felt BP proaching to our Cheshire earthquake was in the Pacific Ocean •, the peak of Chimborazo, the highest of the Cordil leras, being then only barely visible, the sea was quite stnotb , and the vessel going very smoothly through the water, when at 6 p.m., she received three violent shocks, the vibratiopa, noise, &c. being precisely similar to those of Friday morning last." OTHER PARTS OF THIS COUNTY At Manchester the shock was severe, and was felt at pre cisely the same time as that experienced iu this town• In some cases great alarm was exciwd ; one gentiman at Eccles was led to the conclusion that thi ces were in the house, and got up ; the same was the case with a gentl eman in Strangeways, and some others of e 'loin we lave heard. One gentleman, who had lustres in his room, heard them vibrate for several seconds, besides feeling the motion of his bed. All the parties with whom we have conversed, describe it as a momentary shock, attended with a kind of tremulous motion, which lasted about eight or ten seconds ; hut one or two gentlemen maintain that they felt two distinct sho whe cks. Certainly this appeared to he the case in Pendleton, re the shock was more severely felt than in any other part of the suburbs. One gentleman, living in the neighb.ourhood of Pendleton, was so much alarmed, that he left his house and betook himself to the lane, where be walked about f two hours, momentarily expecting a recurrence of the shock. Another gentleman, residing in the same . neighbourhood states, that his bed appeared suddenly to be jerked upwards, the woodwork of the room cracked, and the earthenware or glass were evidently shaken ; at the sane time there was a dull report resembling the faint echo of a discharge of ar tillery at a distance. Indeed, there can be no doubt that the shock was severe, and judging of the descriptions we have received, we should infer that it was themost se e r e on ;the north and west of the town, whilst i m n Ch Ardwich, and Hulme, it was less sensibly felt. Preston was also visited by this rare occurrence. At that town a low rumbling, subterraneou s sound preceded e shock. or rather vibration, which lasted about three seconds. The . motion was from south south-wes t to north , and was sufficiently violent to awaken a great number of sleepers. It was most severe on the south and east ends of the town, and in many houses articles were thrown fro m cornices and mant - tle-pieces by it. At Walton-le-Dale i t was so severe, tha the feathered inhabitants of the rookery at Darweu Bank, rose en masse, and wheeled round their nests in a body, ut tering their hoarse cries. The shock was experienced at Poulton and Kirkham, and that at Fleetwood the shock was Si) great as to break several windows. At the latter place the sea rose untinelly high, and the Prince of ales steamer rtncoantered a 'suddenly boisterous sea, for which the captain could not account. She teas on her voyage from Belfast to Fleetwood. The Lancaster Gazelle of Saturday gives the followi particulars of what was observed respectir "So violent was the convulsion that th St. Leonard's Gate could hear the pecul amongst the houses by the vibration. towards th yards distai I of ( .flWn very rho observe tation seems to have been felt in ti in different parts. There were Kin whilst others got out of their beds, and _even houses in alarm. One inhabitant we have see n noise, but felt nothing. At one house, we are t truckle bed was driven from one part of an which it stood to another. One gentleman, residi ton, informs us that the noise, which appeared to p`' his house from north to south, was awful, resent sound of a mighty rushing wind, and altogether dist the roar of thunder, the house rocking to and fro t He has no doubt there were two shocks. At snot tleman's residence, also in Skerton, the shock as the bells were set a ringing. Just before going to i stva3 w, were visited by a gentleman arrived by one of the north, mails. He was stopping at an inn in Whitehaven, and he tells us that he was nearly lifted from his bed. The visita tion was the subject of conversation all along the road, at Kendal, through the lake district, &c. We understand that at Garstang the shock was so violent as to throw down froth its place a corner cupboard. CHESHIRE AND WALES. It appears that the shock was very generally noticed in Wales. A gentleman, at Holyvrell, states, that his bed was violently shaken, as if a strong man had suddenly exerted his strength upon it. The shock was also felt in various parts of Cheshire. It is also noticed in the Macclesfield paper of Saturday. ISLE OF MAN. There, also, the shock was perceptibly experienced. It was preceded by a rumbling noise, and followed by a sensible vi bration from east to west. At the time of the shock tie wind became instantly calm, but a considerable motion was observable in the sea after it had subsided, and the waves dashed violently against the adjacent shore. After the lapse of a few minutes the wind again rose to a stiff breeze. The rarity of such a phenomenon in our northern latitude has pro d uced, as might be expected, considerable sensation in te town, but we are happy to say no worse resul t s than alarm t h o the timid and general surprise to those who were disturbed in their midnight slumbers by its occurrence. The earth quake appears to have been felt throughout the island, and particularly at Castletown, where the inmates of the college w e re fearfully alarmed by the shaking of the building. From all we have learned the earthquake does not appear to have extended further north than Carlisle. It was felt generally with'greater severity in the north than here. At Whitehaven, Ambleside, Keswick, &c., the shock was par ticularly sharp. COX RESPONDENCE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SIR,—I take the following extract from the Dumfries and Ga„iloftwicayriCßolusrliwereso.f—Fletbi.s2oOnth record, 1843 : --- (says a recent writer) that three bishops, in fifteen years, left £700,000 to their families. A Bishop of Cloglier' wen t' to Ireand o w oo ith t o o n h t i a s shilling, and after eight years died wort h £ 400,000. The aCnldoyanwre, Welsh h o b d is ie h d op i , n w l h B o 2o d , id et r t ec £l2o, ityt although p p re e e rs e o e n in a g l p tw ro e p n e t r y ty; value of t children;Bhiisshbishopric was called a poor o ne, left .Z e ne a r se aomfboniusehra r, ot epl dys children. By the probates at Doctors' Commo ns , it t o it ap peared, d indi died within to the enormous sum of £1.649,000 — an avera £70,000 for each bishop. This was the swor personal property only, and some of the bishop s bishops, nor ear enot greedy of fil thy . to have bad very large possessions in real property. Now, we will venture to assert that in no other professio n y' will be found that so large an average of wealth has been lef itr the heads. 'rake the 24 last generals, the 24 last adm' t 13 ". the 24 last judges —nay, the 24 last merchants—and the ir p als " sporonaticlhpriot.trEtAy whaolv,i,omt must t ua b l e t b h l a a t me o l f es t s l , l lucre.—Tim. I. iii.] " I conceive this to be a random and false article. The Bishop of Clogher therein alluded to was Dr. John Porter , who died, I believe , in 1819. I knew his cousin, and often heard him spea k of the bishops c ircumstances. That he left no such sum behind him as £400,000 is quit erefore, e certacon. in— nor, as I conceive , a tenth of it. We may. th elude that the other estimat are equally erroneous. The d es anius of the article is apparent —it is the fashion with the Scotch to fall foul upon erscopacy and episcopalians, per 1 fas et nefaz, I have myself heard in Seotlind a child suchwould see tales re lated, and swallo wed too, about bishop s, at our Presbyterian as the absurdity of. One would think th brethren bad S .) much to do at present with the state of their own church that sins might, for a time at least, pass unmo lested, Whatever else usay be thought of such articles as the one extracted, it certainly evinces very bad taste in the Dum friescourier. Tice public ought torrent, disabused upon the point, particularly at the present w when the qu i et, uniform, consistent working of episcopacy is contrasted with the factious and tumultuous doings of the Scottish establish ment. It may be worth while to inquire, why so insidious an a tt a ck is made upon the English hierarchy just at the present time. It has been said, that in the great cities, many persons, disgusted with the quarrels of the courts, have ta Ikendo refuge in the peaceful harbour of the episcopal church. not pl e d g e m yself for the truth of this, nor for the extent of D. it.—Yours, &c., Warringion,March 17 th, 1843. ---..•°""'"-------""" —..-- ANTIQUITIES. —They write write from Munic on the 25th ult. o that the King of Bavaria is now building rho use in the park f his summer palace at Aschaffenburg, near Wurtzburg, which will he the exact copy of the famous house of Castor and Pollux at Pompeia, which was cleared in 1839, under the direction of the distinguished German arcbaiologist M. Zahn. Th splendid mosaic work, the fresco painting, the altar, fur niture, utensils—in short, all the curiosities contained in that ancient building. will be copied with the utmost accuracy in the new structure now in progress of erection at Aschaffen burg, so as to afford a correct idea of the domestic manners of the old Romans in our country, where nothing of the kind exists.—Journal des DOCIill. AN AnvocATea ZEAL.—At a late meeting of the judicial committee of the privy council, Lord Brougham told the following anecdote, illustrative of a barrister's zeal for his client : --n I remember a cause at Guildhall, before Lord " Now, do on id e; examination?" ?'; Tenderden, in which, upon the cross-examination of a wit ness, I brought out the fact, that he had an interest in the case upon which my noble and learned friend Lord Camp bell' (then at the bar) took a ten-pound note out of his own poll was his zeal for his client —and handed it over to the witness, who agreed to receive it in discharge of his einotoefirermst ;wubpootnyowohiscilistemdytloeamrneedopfroieenydoosar which the witness, of course, replied in the affirmative. to Lord Tenterden then turned round and s a id, 4. Now, Mr.e. Brougham, what have you to say against the witness ?" felt that nay objection was removed to another ground, and endeavoured to convince the jury, that the man having pledged himself by his evidence while he had an interest could not possibly go back novr that his interest was at an' end, without committing pe . rjur e y.; _ but that, 'lrwin°. given his evidence, and thus i mplicated himself, while he had a interest, no credit ought now to allbe given to his testimon y . However, the jury, contrary mistake, and found against tnea.nd( Lau titer. They acre e eat pleased with the nimbleness tact of my learned friend, rso and with his great generosity, too, that d i d n (Great laughter.) giving him a ver . SUBSTITIITS TORFRAMES IN Ho7-BEDS the Rheinlandlshe Garlenzettung is described a sub .• In foe he glazed frames of hot-beds and green-house stitute deserves the attention of florists. Instead of glass s, which white are covered with a fine clo t h of cotton. the frames In render this more transparent, and enable it to resist order to it is covered with a preparation, the ingredients ofmoisture four ounces of pulverised dry white chese, two which are and four ounces of boiled l' ounces of These three the having been mixed withulseed oil' four ounces of the white of eggs, and as much of each other are added, and the mixture is then made liquid by the yolk, The oil combines easily with the other ingredi heating. varnish remains pliable and quite transparent. ents, and the of a forcing d in this b e d arrange The expense and it yields at the same time many other advanrsiderable, a hot-bed needs not the anxious attention requiredages. Such ordinal'', ones covered with glazed frames. During by the strongest rays of the mid -day sun they do not During the particular covering or shade; the atmosphererequire any th • serves a only to temperature almost the therein pre requires to be changed from time to time, whole day, and nos.circutssi If such a bed is Providere, according to horse dung. and a proper thickness of with a soil of heath mould is spread thereon, ! s omesome fertile, finely dowers, early vegetables, and other , l ayer of all sorts of f ro m seeds in it.—Anna/s of Chemistryl).ants may be reared CH s which additioh trop hies which adorn the hall of this noble as militarye to the warnsists of flags which were captured asylum. with China, and which, from their during our recent strange character, form a striking c freshness and very tattered memorials of former Co contrast to those dirty and have found a place. These flag s,nquests among which they are of very rich silk and satin which are six in number, colours —scarlet, yellow, and green , and of very gay and showy They are all triangular in shape, being the most prevalent. Dished with long streamers , and some of them are fur tion in Chinese characters., o , l r l which is contained an inscrip of uncouth and grotesque objects, standards present a variety which is the dragon, which i the most conspicuous of of the Chinese empire, the is of the supernatural animals phoenix, and the tortoise. The three being the stag, the same that is said to be affixed ie figure on the standard edict e books, instruments, and all to the Imperial precepts,, China what the British lion the insignia of royalty, being to monster embroidered on" is to our national arms Tie head, wide these standards, with his horn. • d an objec s uffic i entlyt yawning jaw and contorted form , is chimeras and hydras rrific to all who believe in " Gorgon to resist the mig htof dire ," but, as the trophies attest, unable viewed by the b ra ve the British lion, an _ 1 as such they are ave old warriors whose noble hall is adorned by these recent importations from the " flJwery nation." CRIIkI - O IN AL OFFENDERS IN ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND. — The most important ' will be information on legal and moral statistics derivable from the minute and systematic series of returns of • • criminal prosec utions now annually presented to Parliament from both ends of the land. We have now before us the respective returns for England ties often for 1841. alelst continues to exhibit —what has often been shown by a b writers—the great superiority of the Scotch s ystem of procedure, through stipendiary prosecutors and convictions by a majority of the jury, as a means of conning Lc the truth, and convicting the accused when he is guilty. k . England, for trial, or bad , d, the number of persons con3mitted , . This includes the case , where bills were the year, is 21,760. nting to 204 S ; end likewise ignored by grand juries, 8°1" to.ii_46 ; leaving 25,326 cases cases not prosecuted, amounting •ttals by find brought to trial. In these, the acqur of ings of not • 19 and 4-2ths per cent. the whole g uilty were 5018, being number tried. In whatever way this be c ontemplated' it shows a fearful state of defectiveness in the law. If we pre sume these 5018 men to be all innocent, then has the uncer tainty and caprice of the English law expoied that number to the risks of a trial, and the certainty of ruined fortunes and a blighted reputation. If we su ppose them all guilty, then has the law, by its feebleness, left s ociety exposed to the machinations of 5018 acknowledged criminals. In Scotland, the total nu of " offenders" (as they are very inaccu rately ca lled, since th includes not only those who are acquitted, but those whomre discharged befors trial) was 3562. From this number we have to deduct 653, who were discharged before trial ; when we have 2909 actually brought to trial. Of these, the number acquitted was 216, or 7 and 2-stlis per cent. Yet even this small number were not sent forth with a vague and general finding of not guilty, as in forth In 191 cases, the verdict is " not proven"— n declaration of suspicion, which tells the world, that the a cused must produce something more than what a i • ac )eared at his trial before society can receive him as an inno i c i This is a species of v erdict both just and humar eat Man. whose in is undoubtedit leaves ro 'e to tiliThe distinct line between them and the suspecti of to draw a •d have our juries been in returning .. So cautious the hi ,, l•er • I . that' there are only twenty-five causes (nots, , verc ict, number brought to trial), where theone per cent. in the verdict is —Juryman's Legal Head-Book. " not guilty."