The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-10-23 00:00:00

THEATRE-ROYAL, LIVERPOOL. MR. AND MRS. WOOD, Of the Theatres-royal, Covent-garden and Drury-lane, are engaged for TEN NIGHTS, and will make their second appearance Tilts EVENING, in the characters of Fra Dia yob) and Zerlina, in the Opera of FBA DIAVOLO, in which MR. BARKER, Principal Tenor Singer of MR. Braham's Theatre. London and of the Theatres-royal, Dublin and EdinbUrgh, wil make his second appearance at this Theatre in the cha• ratter of Lorenzo. MISS LAND, From the Theatre-royal Covent.garclen, is a:so engaged, anel will make her second appearance here in the character of Lady Allcash. grill IS present TUESDAY, October 23, MS, will be per formed Auber's Opera of FRA DIAVOLO; OR, THL INN OF TERRACINA. Zerlina Fra Diavolo Mr. WOOD, Lorenzo Mr. BARKER. Lady Alleash To conclude with the Melo-drama of ROBERT MACAIRE. Robert Macaire Mr. W. HOWARD, Jacques Strop Mr. BAKER. WEDNESDAY, the favourite Opera of LA SOM NAMBULA. Anima, Mrs. Wood; Elvino, Mr. Wood, Liza, ?Hiss Land; Rodolpho, Mr. G. Horncastle; Asnes•io, Mr. Baker; Annette, Miss Grant.—After which the musical farce of NO! Frederick, Mr. Barker; Sir G. Doubtful; Mr. W. Howard ; Commodore Hurricane, Mr. Baker ; Maria, Miss Land.—To conclude with the new drama of TOM NODDY'S SECRET. Tom Noddy, Mr. Baker; Captain Ormond, Mr. W. Howard; Inkpen, Mr. Starter; Mary, Miss Grant; Gabrielle, Mrs. Tellet. QUEEN'S THEATRE. GRAND CARNIVAL!!• rriFIE Public are most respectfully informed, that a MASQUERADE and CARNIVAL, ou a scale of Unequalled Magnificence, will take place at the above Theatre, on MONDAY EVENING, October 29th, 1838. In order to give due effect to this interesting Fete, the most commodious Public Building in Liverpool has been engaged and prepared for the occasion. The Queen's Thea tre presents advautakes not to be found elsewhere—indepen dent of the. Spacious SALLE, the SALOONS and REFRESH MENT, and ATTIRING ROOMS are all on that convenient scale, so absolutely necessary for the full success of a Festi val of this description. No expense has been spared to im prove the local advantages, and there can be no doubt, the liberal outlay manifest, will convince the Public that nothing has been left undone, that could possibly contribute to their Amusement and Gratification. The PIT and CIRCLE have been Covered with an entire Nets Flooring, level with the Stage, forming a BALL ROOM, EX) Feet in Length ! The Floor will he appropriately Chalked, and divided with Silken Cords and Tassels, in such a manner as to prevent confusion from the Dancers mingling with the Characters and Prome naders, the Entire Hall wilt be illuminated with thousands of Variegated Lamps! Interspersed with Fancy Foliage, and a vast variety of Richly-painted Transparencies! Mr. HUGHES' able and efficient QUADRILLE BAND, consisting of Twenty Performers, is engaged for the Dancing. . _ A MILITARY BAND will also attend, and Perform, at Intervals, the most popular Overtures, Battle Pieces, &c. A GENTLEMAN is appointed Master of the Ceremo nies, and will preside on the occasion. The SUPPER will be provided on a liberal scale, and the most moderate Terms. Fancy Dresses, Costumes, Masks, &c. may be had on ap. plication at the Box Lobby, on SATURDAY and MONDAY October 13th and 13th. Gentlemen's Tickets, ss. Ladies' Tickets, 3s. Tickets, to admit a Lady and Gentleman, 7s. 6d. In order to accommodate that portion of the Public who may wish to witness the Splendid Scene without sustaining Characters, the Boxes will be thrown open to admit Ladies to witness the Fete.—Tickets, 3s. each. Tickets to be had at the STANDARD -OFFICE; Mr. GAS KELL'S, 4,5, Lord-street ; the MEnct;uv-oFFicE ; of Mr. BICEEI<STA FF. Queen's Theatre; and of the Committee, at. Mr. Bickerstaff's; also, at the principal Music Shops, &c. Double rbt Eibtrpool f..-,tanbarb. TUESDAY MORNING, OCT. 23, 1838. *-- The Publication of the STANDARD commenced this morning at 6 o'clock. TIIIC MUNICIPAL ELECTION.—We rejoice to learn that our conservative friends are fully determined to contest every ward at the approaching election, and that their hopes of success continue to brighten as the canvass is proceeding ; whilst, on the other hand, there are evident symptoms of conscious weak n!...ss, and palpable tokens of anticipated defeat, in the radical ramp. The scribes in the pay of the liberal faction are busily employed in their customary avoca tion in seeking to prop up a rotten cause by vilifying the characters and misrepresenting the motives of the conserrative candidates. When we find them thus having recourse to vulgar and personal abuse, we may rest-assured that they advocate a desperate cause. it is not the wont of men who are confident of success in a ny party enterpt ise to substitute fur sound reason in rectivcs which are only worthy of the atmosphere of Billingsgate. That such is the style in which the li beral prints carry on their opposition must be evident ie-every one who will take the trouble to wade through the disgusting trash contained in the Mercury, the Chronicle, the Journal, and the Albion, in reference to the municipal election. It would be a Herculean t isk to undertake the exposure of all the barefaced lies which these papers have sent forth to mislead the con stituency on the subject. We feel assured, however, that all their efforts to delude the public will be in vain. The electors of Liverpool, we are persuaded, have too much sound sense, too strict a regard for truth, and too much discrimination of character to be led astray by the thousand idle tales invented by our radical con temporaries and their correspondents. The respect. ire candidates are now in the field, and must either stand or fall on their own merits and on the jnstiee of the cause with which they are politically identified. Most of them are generally known among their fellow townsmen. Some of them have obtained considerable notoriety as noisy and brawling agitators, and are more than suspected of being rank republicans in Principle. We need not inform our friends that these individuals do not claim the suffrages of the electors 48 conservatives. The latter are men of a far different stamp ---staunch loyalists—sound churchmen—and ar dent admirers of our glorious constitution. We ap. Peal to our fellow-townsmen whether the latter are not far more deserving of public confidence than men who, hike their liberal opponents, habitually ridicule the regal °ince—hate the church—and embrace _every opportu nity in their power to introduce organic changes in the timeehonoured institutions of the country. We have already stated that the members of the Church of England have it in their power, if they only Prove true to the interests of the church, to return six teen conservatives into the Town Council on the first of November. Not a single Unitarian, Baptist, Qua ker,or Anythingarian would stand the remotest chance, in any one of the wards, of being returned, if his elec tinn depended upon the votes of the motley tribe of • nattca, unbelievers, or Papists, who are found in l eague for the destruction of the Established Church. . 1 r the examples of the Bishop of Dui ham and Nor- Nell were not too- . generally followed by the prefeet the chtirchmen:of.LiVerpool, there would be no need of N a llY'reirerated'appeals to the electors on behalf of ConservatiVe candidates, especially when it is con sidered that nearly the whole body of the. Methodists are fotand ranking on the side of the church. On this Point we May also remark, in passing, that a far larger /40Portioo, numerically speaking, of the Methodists W oeld be found, on analysing the lists of voters, sup- I'ur ting the Con se r va ti ve can did ates, t h an of nominal v a ' i ll urchmen. I s n o t thi s a scan d a l ? I s i t not amy ing 14 liie that men . who would scorn the appellation of eetn riane, and wh o wou ld cons id er i t an i nsu l t to call int o question the sincerity of their attachment to the h 7 r t ablished Chinch, should be m a inly i ns t rumenta l i n 4 111 X our Muni c ip a l counc il s w i t h S oc i n i ans, Papists, e ti l Infid e l s ? O ut upon suc h moc k ery ! We cannot sa crific es any m an t o b e a true Ch urc h man w h o so far :erifices his consistency as to give his support to an 1) // o e ll enemy of the c hur c h. W e a ll ow th a t it i s qu i te .. Bsi ble th a t a s i ncere Ch urchman may b e d ece i ved 4 .) t i th e false p ro f ess i ons o f t h ose who are, ostens ibl y thatrie!4, members of the same coaenunion. allow n by no m eans i m p ro b a bl e t h at some unstilted kAturclnen may have been induced to repose their 1 3 , 4 "nee in suc h men as Mr. Walmsley and Mr. E ar le . , we feel assured that no true friend to the church .so, i , Cet er b e i n d uced to vote a second time for ,such iliputebinen as th e gent l emen w h om we have named. tilurcatse of those who, while they claim the title of "R " give th e i r unqua lifi e d support to men whohlis repeatedly declared their hostility to the esta nient, is far different. All those self-styled ~lt"ehtnen who vote for such men as Mr. Coglan, Mr. i oe _ &C., ha ve no excuse to offer for their gross hh e onsi stency. N ot hi ng can palliate their offence. n s , Y wilf ully aid th e enemy i n attackin the Este- Lied Chur c h . g We are an x i ous to keep this point before the public de ta ch no triu m ph can be achi eve d b y the radical, th e ~r atic al, church , destroying f ac ti on, but through Cl io nr(e ttr ect as s i s t ance afforded by members o f t h e Coto _ 1 . 1 of En g l an d. W e wou ld h ave such unworthy Conduct ex test kposed on eve ry fitting occasion. Th e con yct ."%ionicipal power is a contest for PROTESTANT -- 111 M?IcY. Every one, therefore, who interposes I nfluen ce to prevent SO glorious a consummation, may be yet a rector, or a monk, or perhaps a ftiar; bu a Jesuit's habit would, we think, best suit his tread]. ery to the Protestant interest. RUMOURED RESIGNATION OF MR. ALDERMAN Ro- BINSON —We have been informed on very good authority, that the electo►s of Liverpool are about to be deprived of the services of this little bustling radi• cal, who by virtue of his revolutionary and ultra radi• cal principles was made an Alderman. However we may sympathise with the public on the loss they will sustain, we are by no means anxious that his mantle should fall upon us. Our ambition was laid prostrate when such men as Robinson, Coglan, Shiel, and some others were elevated to Municipal distinction. Our old sleepy friend, Mr. Alderman Barclay, is perhaps an exception to the general rule, and of him we would speak with more charity, his natural propensity prompt ing him to a quite easy kind of life, neither having the power to do any good, nor the inclination to do any harm. But the case is widely different with the bustling, meddling quad: of Castle -street, and as his services entitled him to the gratitude of his fellow electors, we would earnestly recommend that a sub scription be entered into to purchase a clean piece of plate, and that it be served up on a clean tray and covered with a clean cloth presented to him, some what similar to that given him for his unwearied exer tions on behalf of his friend Ewart, the rejected of Liverpool, Mary-le-bone, and Kilkenny. The Alder man best knows the value of the gift last presented, and we are given to understand that he was in such a hurry to return thanks for the honour conferred upon him, that be made his speech before the tray was un covered, after which to his mortification the liberal gift was presented to his gaze in the form of a broken plate, a piece of earthenware, and we believe that a similar mark of esteem would be appropriated to the ability and zeal which this precious specimen of an Alderman has exhibited in the Council Chamber. We believe that Samuel Knipe, of disfranchising celebrity, is named as his successor through the influence of the corn specu- lators. But of this we are not yet certain, as some more noisy and consequently more eligible character may have the additional qualification of being rejected at the approaching election. REPRESENTATION OF LIME-STREET WARD. -We have great pleasure in directing attention to the ex cellent address of Mr. Lace, the candidate for repre senting this ward. It is one of the must sensible and manly addresses we ever perused. All necessary re forms are conceded with a most liberal hand, lnitunited with a firm resolution to maintain those institutions which are identified with our national freedom and our religious liberty. To THE METHODISTS OF ABERCROMBY WARD.—In Saturday's Chronicle there appears a letter, signed " Selim Mirza," evidently the production of some im pudent infidel, who wishes to insult your deep and well-grounded conviction of the eflkiency of Christi anity in withstanding the " cunningly devised fables" of man, or to create disunion (for political motives ob vionsly) in your ranks at the approaching municipal election in your ward. We are quite aware, gentlemen, that, in offeringany remarks for your consideration to guard you against the insidious foe, we should be guilty of a work of supererogation, inasmuch as you are too "firmly built up in your most holy faith" to be led astray by any ignis fatuus emanating from that slough of Popery and infidelity, the Chronicle.' But in order that the self-deluded dupes, who waste their precious time (would that they knew its value !) in concocting such trash, may see that their foolery and wickedness isnot randetected, we shall very briefly notice the ignorant and stupid letter above referred to. The writer, surely, was not aware, that, "in spin ning his fine oriental yarn," he was placing himself on the horns of a dilemma. lie would lead us to infer that coolies (porters, as we term them) immigrating to our \Vest Indian colonies, must, as a matter of course, draw over Christians (Methodists) to adopt the Koran in lieu of the Bible. Now, we would only ask you, gentlemen, let any sect of professing Christians, of any grade here at home, read, or hear read, " Selim Mirza's" letter, and then to note, would it not be with feelings of indignation and scorn they would regard that individual, who should presume to propose, for their acceptance, the bondage of Mahomedanism (as set forth in Selim Mirza's letter) in place of the glo rious liberty wherewith Christianity has made them free? What are the conv i c ti ons of your own bosoms, gentlemen, on this point ? Malmmetanism, then, either is or is not likely to take root where Christianity is already established. If it be, why infect our atmosphere here with its pesti lential breath, as " &inn Mirza" has so wantonly done ?—and, if it be not, to what danger are our \Vest India colonies exposed from the circumstance of a few illiterate porters being imported into them from the shores of India in the East? "Salim Mirza" may flounder to disengage himself from the horns on which he is so ignominiously trans fixed, while-we (with a hope that his feet may yet gain the "path of peace") proceed to whisper in his ear for his consolation, that " the gates of hell shall never prevail against the church which Christ has es tablished, himself being its chief corner stone"—that "the word of God shall not return unto him void, but (although there be many gainsayers —many deceivers, speaking lies in hypocrisy) still it "shall accomplish that for which he sent it." As for ourselves; Gentlemen, we cannot but hail, .with a holy delight, the wonderful interposition of a merciful God in snatching, as it were, these few fortu nate coolies from darkness into light, and placing them where the divine Being is "worshipped in the beauty of holiness," and that they thus be led to embrace "the faith as it is in Jesus!" Here .we see God bringing his harvest from parts where " labourers are few," and placing it at our very doors! How strong is your faith, Gentlemen ; indeed, it is evident yo❑ "know in whom you twist" when you can part with a dear brother, and send him " to India's coral strand" to preach the glad tidings of gospel salvation in the very heart of Mahomedanism ! Well can we imagine, then, how you and all the faithful must rejoice to see the objects of your Christian philanthropy and " la bour of love" brought from climes were " labourers are few," and placed, we may say, under your own im mediate influence. The Christian can appreciate this. Let Intidfdity and Popery, and every other thing " that loved) and maketh a lie," tremble and quail be fore the workings of the Almighty ; but let the true believers rejoice, and say alway, " the Lord be praised !"—for, being strong in the Lord and in the power of His might, they shall go forth conquering and to conquer, till, finally, " righteousness shall cover the earth as the waters cover the deep." Before we conclude we would warn this person, who assumes the name of," &dim Mitza," how he meddles with " strange fire," lest it consume him ;—to beware how he interferes in a t matter in which he has " nei ther part nor lot ;"--7-to seek pardon for his blasphemy, and to dread attempting to .sow dissension among Christians to compass a political etid: and who, however influenced, lends his aid to promote the ascendancy of Radicalism or Republicanism, Po pery or Infidelity, forfeits his claim to the character of Churchman, and proves himself A HYPOCRITE. This title is indelibly branded on his character. Let us hope that no such Churchmen are to be found in Liverpool. The only satisfactory proof of their non existence will be the exclusion of every one from the Town -council who is not a staunch friend to the church. It is our intention in our next publication to three the attention of the public to the conduct of the Rev, James Aspinall, who, in defiance of the solemn autho rity under which he exercises the office of the Chris tian ministry, has condescended to receive a piece of plate as a mark of approval of his zealous support of the Irish system of education at present pursued in the Corporation Schools. We had hoped that the ambi tion of this political parson had been too high to take part in such a contemptible farce. How deeply fallen in his own estimation must he be to receive such a gift at the hands of such an obscure and paltry faction as the teachers of this system! But we shall recur to the subject. This insult on the Christian character —es pecially upon the sacred office of a Christian minis ter—deserves the execration of every Protestant in the empire. 13nt, to his master let him stand or fall. The advocates of Infidelity and Popery are surely not the most fitting persons to lavish praise upon a clergy man of the Church of England. But who knows ? He LOCAL NEWS. TAE T HEATRE ROYAL—Last evening M r an d M rs , Wood commenced the first night of a brief engagement, in the opera of " Love in a Village," and played to an excel lent house. Mrs. Wood—the Queen of English song, is au universal favourite, and almost ensures good houses; and during her stay we therefore look for a double treat, delight ful melody, and boxes the very opposite to what Shakspeare ter ms " a pitiful account of empty benches," brilliant with the beauty and fashion of the town. ENGLISH VOCAL. Music.—A course of lectures is now being delivered at the theatre of the Royal Institution, by Thomas Phillips, Esq., on English Vocal Music, assisted by the three Misses Brandon. In this course the lecturer freely scans the whole art and science, and natural qualifications and defects of English singing. Our avocations have been so numerous that we have not been able to attend the lectures hitherto, but we have heard them highly spoken of. His third morning lecture is announced for to-morrow. MR. SLEIGH'S LECTURES ON THE UNITED STATES.—Last evening Mr. Sleigh gave the first of a course of lectures at the Music-hall, on the United States and the state of religi ous instruction therein. Mr. Sleigh obtained considerable reputation in the United States for defending in a long con troversy against infidel sophists, the authenticity of the sacred scriptures. The American papers speak highly re specting hi s t a l ents as a l ogic i an and eloquent speaker. We were not able to attend the lecture, but understand he had a highly respectable auditory. STEAM BOAT ACCIDENTS.—We perceive from the Sunder land Beacun, that the inhabitants of Sunderland, with the dreadful tragedy of the wreck of the For farshire steam vessel, on their coasts, fresh in remembrance, have had a numerous and highly respectable meeting, at which resolutions and a petition were adopted, eepresst ve of their opinion of the clan gers to which life and property are exposed from steam navi gation, and that the best means for obviating these, appeared to them to be that the crown or legislative authoritiesshould appoint inspectors for certain districts in which steam vessels are used, to survey such vessels and their engines, and grant certificates or licenses of their general seaworthiness ; and also as to the competency of the engineers; legal, penalties to lie imposed on the owners of any steamers not having such certificates; and ffnally praying her Majesty in council, to order the appointment of such inspectors. With the fearful catastrophy of the blowing up of the Victoria at Hull, by which sonic 20 lives were lost owing to careless engineers or bad [milers, with the heart-rending wreck of the iForfarshire at Sunderland, and of the Rothsay Castle at Liverpool, owing principally to those vessels not being seaworthy, with numer ous other instances of calamities, arising from similar causes, which might he mentioned before us, we hope that all mari time communities, (and especially Liverpool, where such an immense traffic is carried on by steam navigation,) will join in the prayer to her Majesty. Let us for once prevent the evil, rather than wait fur another calamity affecting ourselves, and then only make exertions to cure it. Ft E.-0O Saturday night, about six o'clock, a fire, which, at ffrst, was very alarming, broke out on the premises at the corner of St. John's-lane and Hood-street, occupied, on the ground floor, by Mr. Houghton, and above, by several in dividuals, for workshops of various descriptions. We under stand, a boy, who was boiling oil in the second floor, occupied by Mr. Metcalf, carver and gilder, suffered the fluid to rise over the surface of the vessel. This buy, unable to check the flame thus created, ran out and gave the alarm. The blazing oil quickly ignited the materials in the room, and in a short time the flames were seen bursting from the windows with a fury that cleated the strongest apprehensions for the safety of the premises. Intelligence was carried to the Fire-police station, and Mr. Hewitt, with three engines and a comple ment of firemen, was quickly on the spot. Two engines were immediately got into play. A fireman, named Little, backed by Hewitt, carried the hose up the staircase leading from Hood-street. Here Little, whose intrepidity entitles him to high commendation, lay upon his belly, playing into the room. while the fl a m es were wav i ng over his head. 13y dint of great exertion, the lire was completely subdued in less than twenty minutes. All of the materials most easily consumable in Mr. Metcalf's room were destroyed. The importance of a speedy and sufficient supply of water in cases of ffre has, recently, been made particularly evident. When sufficient water could not be quickly procured, the devastation has been great. Where the fire has not been so extensive as to require a greater supply than could he given by the carts, it has been immediately got under. We drew attention, a short time since, to a proposition of Mr. Moore to carry mains, from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, through the streets of the town. Of course, it would be understood, that we alluded to so much of the town as is below the level of the canal. Such a plan would ensure a constant and plentiful supply of eater on oc casions when it might be needed. On Sunday the packet-ship Siddons, which h a d b een de tained bey on d h er appointed day of sailing, by contrary winds, sailed for New York. She had, notwithstanding the de parture of the steam-ship Liverpool on the preceding day, a fair number of passengers on board. Among the passengers are Wm. Brown, Esq., of the house of Wm. and Jas. Brown and Co., and lady. who have gone on a visit to their relations in the United States. We understand that Mr. William Turner, upholsterer and cabinet manufacturer, of Islington, who recently fitted up the splendid new steam vessel, the Reindeer, is engaged to do the cabinet and upholstery work of her Majesty's too magni ficent new steam-vessels. the Merlin and Medusa, for the Liverpool and Dublin mail-packet service.—.dl/ion. Passengers by the packet-ship Columbus, Cropper, from New Yolk, arrived on Friday : —M r . an d M rs. Pi n k erton, and Mr. and Mrs. Leath, of Scotland; Mr. and Mrs. Low ther' of England; M r . A xm i nton an d C apta i n Tallmarch, of the British army ; Mr. Crew e , o f N ew Y or k ; Mr. Gir vin, of Jamai ca; and Mr. Bradley, of Manchester. Deese IN TSIE BOROUGH GAOL—On Thursday an in quest was held, belOre P. F. Curry, Esq., on the body of John M 'Kenna, whir died in the Borough Gaol. It appeared, from the evidence of Mr. Batchelder, the governor, that the deceased was committed, on the 31st of July, on a charge of forgery. About a week after his committal be complained of a pain in his chest, followed by a spitting of blood. He was sent to the hospital, where every attention was paid to his case by the officiating surgeon ; but he continued to sink until Wednesday, when he expired. II e was 28 years old, as appeared by the entry on the calendar. From the evi dence of Mr. Archer, the visiting surgeon, the deceased, at the time of his committal, was itt the last stage of a con sumption. A verdict in conturtnity with the evidence was returned. ENGRAVING OF THE STEAM-SHIP LIVERPOOL—A very beautiful engraving, 21 by 14 inches, of the transatlantic steam-ship Liverpool, has just been published by Mr. Lacey, ot• Bold street. it is from a painting by S. Walters, who has succeeded in presenting a tine portrait of the vesseland a strikingly effe, rive picture. The steamer is represented in a brisk gale, heaving on a rough sea on her first voyage to New York. The style of the rigging, the very character, as we may say, of the vessel, as she dashes gracefully through the billows, ate faithfully depicted. fler dimensions, power, tonnage, &e. are given at the foot of the picture. DEATH By DItOWNING.—On Friday an inquest was held on the body of Esther Sidebotham, who was found dead i❑ a pit of water near the Potteries. The body was seen ou the preceeding morning by a persou that was passing, who directed the attention of an officer to it, The deceased lived in Comberinere•street, and took iu washing; she was 67 years of age. On Tuesday night she took home souse clothes to a person who keeps a shop iu Itos-street, but never returned. As the pit lay in her way hack, it was pro bable she had fallen in and was suffocated. Verdict accord ingly. STEAM 'rem's WIND.—The packet ship Sheridan, De Payster, which sailed from New York on the 25th ult. arrived at this port on Friday, after a passage of 25 days; the packet ship Columbus, Cropper, which sailed from New York on the let instant, arrived at this port on Friday also, after a passage of 18 days. The G r e a t W estern , s t eam - s hi p , w hi c h sailed from N e w York three days after the Columbus, reached Bristol on Wednesday morning, after a brilliant run of days. Now, if we a ll ow one day for the difference between au arrival at Bristol and Liverpool, the advantage of steam over wind will, in the case of the Great 'Western and the Columbus, be nearly five days in favour of the steamer. Passengers by the packet-.ship Sheridan, De Peyster, which arrived on Pridty, from New York :—Charge D'Af faires to the Court of Belgium ; V. Maxey. Esq., lady, and servant, Washington; Mrs. Markoe, daughter, and servant, ditto; Mr. Surma!), lady, and servant, Baltimore; Miss Swan, ditto; Captain Oliver, R.N., lady, and sun, Canada; Mr. Thornton, lady, and sun, Manchester; Miss Briscoe, Massachussets •' Miss Kimble, ditt o; M rs. It o l out, two sons, and servant, Canada ; Mr. Higson and lady, Mexico; Mr. Schwartz, Nova Scotia ; Mr. Bogsange, Paris; Mr. Peltier and Mr. Pleasant, Philadelphia; Mr. Foster, ditto ; Mr. Oxley, Lima; Major Wingfield, 32d regiment; Major Birk whistle, ditto; Mr. George Lumeden, Scotland. ' Ronne.nlES.—On Thursday morniug, about half-past five, Inspector B. Smith observed the door of Mr. Thomas Crain's house, - 11, Burlington-street, to be open, and, on entering, found a quantity of clothes packed up, a writing-desk brok en open; and ev er y thi ng prepared the thieves for decamping wills the property. The entry had been effected by a back window, which had beets carelessly left open. A silver de. serf knife and some sma ll art i cles of jewellery were missing. --The same ni;.Tht, about half-past ten, Mr. Connor, shoe maker, Great Howard-street, having left his shop for a few minutes, secured a young rascal just as lie was running off with six pair of shoes.—Ou Friday morning a rubbery was effected, on the premises of Mr. Ralph Ellis, publican, Lower Stanhope -street. The entry had been effected, as usual in similar cases, by climbing a back wall, and then getting through a back window. Among the ankles carried off were two sovereigns, a silver snuff-box, and a number of spoons, and other small articles of plate.—The same morning, the office of Mr. 11. Steele, Waterloo-road, was forcibly entered through the window, and some trifling articles earliest off. BOBBING CH ILDItEN.—A system of robbery has lately become extremely prevalent in this town, and which, sinless checked by superior vigilance on the part of the police, will render it dangerous to allow children, with anything valua ble upon them, to be for even a few minutes out of the sight of their friends. It consists in tobbingchildren of necklaces, handkerchiefs, or any other articles which are available. Two instances of this kind occurred last week in the neigh bourhood of London-road, besides several others which have conic to the writer's knowledge. One ease was that of a little girl, who was enticed down a back alley by a young woman, under pretence of having something handsome put round her neck. The little creature complied, when an old Victoria medal was exchanged fur a double coral necklace, which (the clasp being out of order) was tied, and, of course, the string must have been cut or broken. The thief appears to be about sixtet 0 or eighteen years of age, stout made, with a downcast look, and wore a white shawl and while straw bon net.—Chronicle. ATLANTIC STEAMERS.—Manypersong supposing, that the difference of distance between Bristol and New York. and Liverpool and New York, is fully a day in favour of the former, we take the opportunity of correcting so erroneous an opinion. Two steamers, of equal speed, sailing in com pany from New York for Bristol and Liverpool, and sepa rating on the edge of soundings to bear up tor their respec tive ports, the Liverpool steamer will be off Holyhead at the time the Bristol steamer drops anchor in King Road; the latter vessel having to send her passengers trom King Road to Bristol in small steamers, by the time they are ►anded at Bristol the steamer for Liverpool will be on this side of Point IA nas, and the passengers will be landed in four or five hours afterwards. The correctness of this statement can be easily tested by a reference to the chart, and the applica tion of the rule and compasses--Albion. FIRE INSURANCES.—An official account of the Stamp Duties paid to government by the following Fire Insurance Companies for the year 1837, being the last official return. Sun.. Alliance Atlas British .. 17.446 County Globe Guardian 32,620 (land in Iland. 10,617 Imperial Independent and West Middlesex BO9 Licensed Victuallers. Leeds and Yorkshire.. 10,326 London . 11,420 Liverpool • 4,315 Manchester .. 19.541 .• Newcastle. 5,246 Norwich Union 66,722 Phcenix Royal Exchange . .... 61,653 Scottish Union 19,827 Union .. 11,047 Westroinister. West of England 29,661 Yorkshire . 8,935 York and North of England • • - 10,470 CORRESPONDENCE. THE WESLEYAN METHODIST ASSOCIATIO. I am, sir, yours respectfully, R. SHARPE, Secretary to the Quarterly Meet Tug of the 'Wesleyan Methodist Associatio In order that the minds of the members may be set at rest, this meeting declares that the only riles they acknowledge are those printed by Wm. Taylor, Temple -court, and think it right also to declare that notwithstanding their utmost diligence, they cannot ascertain that more than one person was present at the Quarterly Meeting, which passed the rules printed by Perry & Cu. unanhuously by more than lOU members, being inure than usually i,ttend the Quarterly Aleeting. Resolved unanimously—'That a copy of the foregoing reso lution he sent to the Annual Assembly, in order to remove anv erroneous impres ion respecting the matter referred to. (Signed) R. Farrar, Chairman. It.. Sharpe, Secretary. 70 THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sia,—As an act of common justice to the Liverpool Wes leyan Association, as well as to myself, I beg you to insert in your next number the following, as my final notice of Ilosking's most. calumnious statement, contained in your number of Friday last. The said communication is ❑ut only a breach of private confidence, but a gross violation of truth ihelj: When I gave him my name, it was on an express condi tion that it should ❑ot be published. I did not see the statement to which he has so unwarrant ably attached my name, or, as a Christian roan, I could not have made myself a party to the publication of vsitive untruth, particularly when he states that the whole society is in a fearful state of agitation ; whet eas I am bound to affirm, that the agitation is confined to himself, and, as far as can he ascertained, to himself alone; and th - at because a whole society would not allow him to force upon them rules of his own concocting._ - Your obedient servant, Wlll. SHIRLEY Ranelagh-street, Liverpool, Oct. 22nd, 1838. WESLEYAN ASSOCIATION. TO THE EDITOR OF TEE LIFERPOOL ,ST.IND.IIID. Sin,— I shall esteem it a great favour if you will insert the following letter, in defence of the Wesleyan Associatian against the attacks of an obscure individual, who occupied pert of your columns on Friday het. To the Members of the Liverpool Wesleyan Ascocidtio». FELLOW CHRISTIANS, —AIthou g h I differ materially from many of you in regard to the discipline observed in your sec tion of the Christian church, I still feel a deep interest in your prosperity, from a persuasion that any schism or dispute atnongstthe mernLers of any particular church has a tendency to bring reproach upon the Christian name and character, and prevents that union which gives zeal to enterprise. It was, therefore, with deep regret that 1 perused some letters which have appeared in the Liverpool Standard, relative to some differences which are said to have taken place in your society. These letters bear the signature of " Win.Hasking," whom I was giYen to understand was an officer of considee able standing and influence among you. Having had a to lerable share of experience in such matters as divisions in Christian societies, and having generally found that the prime movers in these unholy strifes were men of suspicious cha racter, if not of decidedly immoral life, I at once determined to judge of the matter for myself, and taking the documents as they appeared in the public journals to be matters of fact, I set out upon my inquiry. After having conversed with se veral influential members of 3 our society, and alter having received assurances that the members generally were at peace and flourishing, even beyond expectation, I resolved to make inquiry into the character, station, and respectability of the writer of the letters to which I have alluded. To my grief, but not astonishment, I found him a coarse illiterate buffoon, of most consummate impudence, and full of self-confidence, fretful and waspish to a degree I never even witnessed. I ascertained that his boasted quarterly meeting was no meet ing at all; .that he was the only member present, both judge and jury in his own case; and thus were these angry letters sent forth to the world, because the more respectable mem bers of your society had refused to have the illiterate effusions of this stupid blockhead foisted upon you as the ruleA for the governinent of a Christian society. And now, if I have stated a well known fact, which many of you can bear witness to, let me at once suggest the propriety of excluding this mis chievous and wicked babbler from your society and fellow ship. Your system, however liberal in design, has a natural tendency to encourage the interference of the more illiterate and designing. part of the community, and bringing both rea son and religion into contempt. It is like all other systems which part a k e t co muc h o f a d emocratic character. " Let the wise reproach me," is the spirit of a well known proverb; " but let not fools triumph, lest the wicked rejoice." Be firm and united, and neither the influence of Satan, nor the trea chery of wicked men will prevent the spread of truth through your instrumentality. I have many more facts to develope, intimately connected with the progress of this foolish, vet not less dangerous character. I have proof that the dale correspondence, so loudly boasted of, was, if not a for gery, very nearly allied to it, and that the whole scheme is a refuge of lies, to d ece i ve the i gnorant and unwary. But let the writer beware, If he provokes the majesty of' truth, the touch of Ithuriel's spear w ill unmas k t h e t ra i tor, and exhibit hint to an insulted community, and to the world, in hi s re volting and disgusting; character.—l am, Fellow Chri s ti ans, your very sincere friend, A CHURCHMAN. DRAPERS' ASSISTANTS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. I uesday,) resp ect i ng observ e b y the Albion of this day, that the drapers' assistants . are t o h ave a general meeting to-morrow night, ( the hours of closing. As an employer, I conceive it my d uty to declare the undisguised truth, that the hours of business are too protracted, indeed, they are unnecessary, and I might almost say, vexatiously pro tracted. What, fo r i nstance, can b e more ga ll ing to the feelings of a young man, than to be confined behind the counter atter seven or eight o'clock on a winter's night, and, after a day spent in the incessant drudgery of a draper's shop ? At that late hour, the business of the day may very properly said to have concluded, and, wherefore, should the young men be detained in the shop, staring at each other, or wasting their time in stale jokes, or unprofitable conversa tion ? It would certainly be% better plan to close the shop at that hour, and let the assistants be engaged iu arranging the goods for the following day. Every employer who can, for a moment, dispossess his mind of that prejudice which is common to us all, will be convinced, that the present h ours must have originated i n a sp i r i t o f opposition, and that the business being chiefly transacted in day light, there is but a shallow pretence for keeping open later than seven o'clock. Indeed, I question whether the profit on the articles sold after that hour, is more than sufficient to cover the expense of the gas that is consumed. I would advise every employer to peruse attentively, the respectful memorial that has been adopted by the assistants, and to say if suc h an appea l d oes no t demand th e immediate attention of th e p r i nc i pa l s. Something must be done, and very soon. Long resistance to a reasonable request can only engende r a s pi r it o f animosity, and ultimately a corn. bination. 22d October, 1838 AN EMPLOYER. LORD JOHN RUSSELL, THE MAYOR, AND THE BEAN STALK. TO THE EDITOR OP TDB LIVERPOOL ST.LVD:IRD. Si c,—Lord John Russell, the Mayor of Liverpool, and the Editor of the Albion ! in the weakly oracle of last Mon day, (i: is presumed by their united elilts,) bad a ,fling at the reporters connected with the London papers resident in this town. It appears, they were much chag r i ne d at a para graph which appeared in the T imes of Wednesday week, re flecting on the conduct of the Mayor in excluding the press from the dinner given to Lord John Russell. The yelp of the mongrel politician is evidently caused by a kick from the Mayor, or a bray from the home office. Probably, however, his worship, who is a dab hand at amateur reporting, tnay have: tried his s kill at writing leaders ; this I am inclined to su s p ec t i n consequence of the . doggrel in qu es ti on ex hibi t i ng exhibiting More imbecility of mind, low cunning., and jesui tical cant, than would appear from a professional pen. The Bean Stalk, Lord John Russell, the Mayor, or whoever may claim the honour of being the author of the reporter-hating article in question, has made the notable discovery that, resident in this town of Liverpool, are reporters to the Lon don press! Aye, and dubbed reporters too.—Singular fact! Mysterious Providence! I marvel, Mr. Editor, whether the perceptive genius who discovered the dubbed reporters resident i n Li verpool ever heard that there was a drubbed editor also resident here ! " Oh, no, we never mention it, The case shall not he heard." I may, however, en passant, say from information received, that on the interesting occasion to which I allude—" The face of Albion was as white as it,. cliffs."—Yours, ONE OF THE DUBBED REPORTERS. SCOTCH KIRK IN THE PARISH OF WINWICK, LANCASHIRE. We understand that the Rev. Alexander liennison, A.M., a student of the University of Edinburgh has been appointed minister of the Scotch Kirk, better known as Risley Chapel, near Kenyon, in the parish of Winwick, by the n e w t rus t ees , and olliciatedat divine service there on Sunday week. The trusteeship was wholly unsolicited by the parties who now hold it, consistingof certain clergymen and laymen, members of the church of Scotland, resident in Liverpool and Man chester; but w h en it was offered them they could nut, from a sense of ditty, decline accepting it. The clergy and laity of Winwick are too well acquainted with the circumstances which have brought among them a clergyman of the church of Scotland, to regard him as an intruder in the parish. On the contrary, there is reason to expect that in his humble sphere he will be met by the for mer as a fellow-labourer in the service of a common Master, and by the latter with the consideration due to his office. This is the chapel which, with its endowment of ten statute acres of arable land, a farm-house, and live cottages and gar dens, was lately wrested from the unitarians by a few church men of Winwick, who felt the usurpation as a scandal and a reproach on themselves and on the parish. The unitarian trustees denied their guilt with impotent invective, and even affeeted offended sensibility because their distinguished " teacher and preacher" was charged as an accomplice with a long life of dishonesty; but when copies of the original deed of settlement, and of documents connected with the endow ment, which had been discovered in the possession of a family in the neighbourhood, were produced by the attorney-general, in the Court of Chancery, they could not make an answer, legally convicted, as they were, of the deep iniquity of having violated a sacred trust. In the countities of Lancaster and Chester there are more than sixty chapels, some of them with rich endowments, un justly and unlawfully held in possessmn by the unitarians; but where is the zeal to emulate the achievement of the church men of Winwick. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL ST.I.NDARD. Liverpool, 32d October, 1838. Stn,—As a series of charges have appeared in your columns against the officers of the Wesleyan Methodist Association by Mr. Wm. flocking, I have to request you will be •kind enough to give a place in your next publication to the fol. lowittg copy of an official document as a sufficient refutation of those charges, and also as a final reply to the writer of the same. (COI' Y.) Special Circuit Meeting held in the Music Hall, 80ld -street, 30th July, 1888. Mr. Maar Farrar in the Chair. This meeting was called for the purpose of taking into consideration the conduct of Brother William lloskirg for publishing rules, and holding meetings on his ow - n authority, and posting inflammatory placards calculated to disturb the peace of the society, and injure the cause of God in this circuit; when the following resolution was unanimously agreed to : .liesolved,—That this meeting has seen with much dissa tisfaction au advertisement of rules for this society said to have been passed at a Quarterly Meeting held the 28th June, and printed by Perry & Co., South Castle -street. The Quarterly Meeting of the circuit which should have been held on that date was postponed, (in consequence of the coronation o f Queen Victoria) in the usual manner, by pub lic notice, to the 21 July, and then gave its final sanction to the rules which had been long under discussion, and winch, by its authority, have been printed by Wm. Ta)lor, Temple court. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. • OVERREACHING.— Yesterday, at, the Police-office, a lad named Thomas Dawson, who drives a donkey cart about the the pier -head plying for luggage, appeared to charge David M‘Neill, an impudent fellow with a crutch, with having swindled him out of ss. The complainant stated that the pri soner got a job from a gentleman to carry five large trunks, and got him (complainant) to take them with his cart. M'Neill received from the gentleman his pay, and then ran off with the whole money. He (complainant) only wanted half of it, with which he would be satisfied, giving the other half to the prisoner for getting him the job. Prisoner.—Whoy, sur, he's tellin' fause all time. I got Is. 6d. for the first two chisteses, and he got Is. 6d. for the other three. Mr. Hall.—(to complainant.)— He was to have some of it? Complainant.—Yes, sir, but he got all the money and ran away, and I never got none on it. Prisoner.—Whoy dount you tellt' truth of wonst. Didn't we get 3s. for the whole? Whoy, sur, he'S wain' a Luse oath. Complainant.—There was four or five on 'em all in a gang together determined to cheat me. Mr. Hall said he understood it very well. The prisoner must pay half the money, 2s. 6d., or be retained in custody. PocKET PICKING.— Yesterday, at the Police•office, a re spectable man named Haswell, appeared to charge a lad named Goodwin with attempting to pick his pocket. The complainant stated that he was proceeding from chapel the evening bet Ore, when be felt, some one's hand in his pocket. He immediately turned round and seized the prisoner, and what made the case more aggravating, the prisoner immedi ately struck him a violent blow on the eye which puffed it up. Mr. Hall thought the lad could hardly reach complainant's face. 11? complainant said one would imagine nut, but as sured Mr. Hall that it was the fact. Other two boys were with him, who had made their escape with his pocket hand. kerchief. Mr. Parkinson said the prisoner was very well known in Manchester as a thief. Mr. Hall committed him fur three months to the House of Correction.. A TASTY BIT. Yesteillay, at the Police-office, one of the constables of Pownall-square Mal ket appeared to prefer a complaint against a man named Scarlett and his wife, for making a disturbance on Saturday night in the market. The constable on preferring his complaint said,—this man came into Pownall-square Fish Market on Saturday night, and went up to the different stalls creating a disturbance. He was drunk, and the people told him to go away. At length he went to one stall, and took up a large eel, and bit the tail off, sod the woman at the Ralf ordered him away. He then went to another stand, and got hold of a haddock, and wanted to serve it the same way. I then wanted to put him out of the market, but he pushed his fist in my face, and I was obliged to go into Vauxhall-road for an officer to take hint to Bridewell. He then, when the officer came, behaved so roughly that the officers were obliged to drag him along like a sack of flour. His wife assisted him as much as she could. The male prisoner 'said he was a ship-keeper, and had been up all ni,!ht, and got a glass of grog, which took effect on him. He certainly did bite the fish, but it was only for "a bit of a la r k," an d h e i ntended to buy itkfter wards, when the officer came and knocked hint down. IP An individual in court gate the prisoner a good character for an industrious man , when sober. Mr. Hall said he might have forgiven him if he had not struck the officer. As it was, he must pay ss. for being drunk. The woman was dis charged. On Wednesday evening Dr. Kane delivered his seventh lecture, upon the application of fatty bodies to the arts. I have this evening to bring under your consideration a very important portion of organic substances, as well consi dered by themselves as in their varied application to the arts. The bodies to which I allude, are those which are termed fatty bodies, and which constitute one of the most important natural substances of all those which are met with in chemis try. They present to us a remarkable degree of variety, be ing derived as well from the animal as from the vegetable kingdom; and we have them of all degrees of consistency, from the most perfectly solid to the most perfectly fluid. We meet with theta likewise of various degrees of chemical con stitution. No matter from what kingdom of nature derived, the fatty bodies are all compounds of carbon, hydrogen. and oxygeo; and it is a remarkable fact, that in all the tatty bo dies which we derive from the animal kingdom- that the fatty substances, no matter where we obtain them, are invariably destitute of azote. There they diffe r f rom all the other ani mal substances, in being free from nitrogen, and therefore attach themselves much more to the bodies in the vegetable kingdom. In the fatty bodies, therefore, we have the point of union between the animal and the vegetable kingdoms, as they are common to eac h, an d h ave t h e same properties. We are fortunately placed, with regard to the chemical history of these bodies, (and not only are they of paramount impor tance when applied to the arts, but also to the laburatoi y of of the chemist) for we have a degree of knowledge of them which we have not of any other department of organic che mistry. Fatty bodies, no matter whence derived, may be looked upon as a - mixture of two bodies, one of which melts at 120°, but which at ordinary temperature is brittle, and may be reduced to a powder : the other is liquid, and remains so far below the temperature of melting ice. These two bodies, one of which is solid and the other liquid, mixed in different proportions, give all the different fats and oils which exist. For instance, mutton fat consists almost entirely of the solid substance; but the oils which are iu the liquid state contain, as their principal ingredient, the liquid material of the fats, and are almost destitute of the solid matter. These two con stituents, into which all fatty substances may be separated, have been termed by their discoverer stearine and elain. The stearine, in the state of purity, is almost as hard as wax. It does not soil the fingers ;—it requires a temperature far above that of the hand to soften it,—and, indeed, is scarcely a fatty body at all. If- we obtain perfectly pure elain, and it is extremely difficult to obtain it perfectly free from the solid material, we find it a perfectly colourless and transparent oil, and that it i s wholly indisposed to soli. ditv, for which reason it has been used with considerable advantage to oil the pivots of chronometers and watches where they may be exposed to considerable cold, in which oil would be liable to freeze, so as to retard the motion the machinery. In order to obtain steariue and elain, it is only necessary to take any fat whatever; and, generally speaking, when we want to ofitain either of these coustituen ts, we have recourse to those fats in which they exist in the greatest quantity. If we want to obtain stearine we take mutton fat, where it exists in great plenty, cut it into slices, and plac it between the folds of blotting paper, and submit it to the pressure of a considerable power; the oily properties of the fat are forced out and absorbed by the paper, and the stearine remains behind. By changing the blotting paper, and again submitting the stearine to pressure, until we cannot force out any more oil, we obtain it perfectly pure. A more perfect method is Suggested by the action of ether upon animal fats. Sulphuric ether dissolves both stearine and elain, but elain more readily than stearine; and the conse quence is, if we put some mutton suet into ether, and leave the ether to digest upon the fat, we shall find that the ether will dissolve the whole of the elain, and will not dissolve much of the stearine. If we put the mixture upon a filter, and wash the stearine with a little additional ether, in order to carry away any impure - particles, we shall have stearine perfectly pure. Stearine has been applied to the manufac ture of candles. A very curious chemical phenomena is produced by the combustion of a candle. A candle consists of a quantity of fatty substance, surrounding a wick which has the power, by virtue of capillary attraction, of drawing liquid tallow up its pores. The action which ensues, when the wick is inflamed, is nearly similar to that which happens when oil is dropped upon the red hot bricks in the retorts of the gas works, and the same de compos i t i on goes on in each instance. The great difficulty in the candle, is the following: —ln order to have a candle perfectly good in theory; the combustion should go on exactly so that there should be no more of the tallow melted than is required to supply the wick, and that the lower part of the wick should not be too much cooled. With the tallow we find that, in consequence of the great quantity of claims which it contains, the melt ing goes on too rapidly. It is evident that the disagree able effect of this rapid melting of the tallow, may be got rid of in proportion es we get rid of the elain which it contains. To do this, a very ingenious artifice has been employed, to manufacture what are called stearine candles. In order to effect it a large quantity of tallow is melted. The stearine and the elain are only mechanically united, so that if we allow a mass of tallow to cool until it has been only half solidified, it is evident that the first portion of the tallow which solidifies will be that which it is the most difficult to melt. Therefore, by melting a considerable portion of tallow, and then allowing it to cool one-half,. we get, upon pouring away the tallow, which is still liquid, very good stearine, fully equal to spermaceti and the inferior kinds of wax, for the purposes of candle making. All acids have a tendency to combine with stearine and claim and to gene rate peculiar compounds, whose immediate nature it is not now my province to enter upon. But the arsenious acid will combine with these substances, and generate a poison of the most dangerous kind. Now, when arsenious acid is mixed with tallow, it will produce a candle as solid and white as that manufactured from pure stearine. The result has been the manufacture and sale. of candles containing arsenic. I have myself analysed several, which contained great quanti ties, so much so, that if several of them were burned in a room the air would be very much contaminated, and great injury might be done. Not only so, but I have seen certifi cates accompanying, candles (and have myself obtained them), which candles, when analysed, were found to contain arsenic in considerable quantities, and I was told that the bare sus picion was a vulgar prejudice. The public cannot be too cautious iu the introduction of such dangerous articles into their domestic economy, and should by all time means in their power endeavour to put an end to the manufacture of such candles. When we come to examine more accurately the constitution of stearine and elain, we find that they resemble in a very remarkable degree the classes of bodies so fami liar to chemists, under the name of the ordinary salts. The base of these salts is so novel compared - with what we have hitherto examined, that it is necessary to examine it. We find. that by the action of chemical agents upon stearine, that it is separated into two bodies, the one acid, and the other baSic. 'llme acid, as it is not obtained from any body but stearine, is termed stearic acid, —the base with which stearic acid unites is glycerine. We owe the discovery of glycerine to the most illustrious chemist who ever existed— Scheele. Stearine therefore is a stearate of glycerine. Main likewiee contains an acid, which is termed the oleic acid ; and this is likewise united with glycerine. In fact, the different varieties of facts are mixtures in which glycerine is the common base. The acids differ. Let us consider what must be the consequence of this basic fotmation of salts. We see that we may be able to expel the acid by some other more powerful acid. On this we found the manufacture of soap. The use of soap, and the principle upon which its ap plication Es a cleansing material is founded, is the following. lime great majority of the substances which soil or dirty our wearing apparel. are insoluble in water, and hence pure water could not remove them. But they are soluble in alka lies, and we could employ an alkali to remove them; but as an alkali would be likely to destroy the clothes, it is useful to reduce its power, and this is dime by combining the alkali with some substance which has got a sufficient power to coun teract the injurious effects of the alkali, but which is innocent enough to enable the alkali to comae into play, wherever it is necessary. By taking soap, which is a combination of these fatty. bodies with alkalies, when it comes into contact with any dirty substance it gives Out the alkali in proper portions. Thus the utility of soap depends upon its being a salt. The manufacturer of soap depends upon this property. Taking, in the first place, the manufacture of the white soap, —time manufacturer takes white tallow, which contains a great portion of stearine, and soaps differ in four ways. They differ in the proportion in stbich they contain the alkalies—potash and soda. They differ in their appearance, because soda uniformly gives bard soaps, whilst potash generally, .gives what are called the soft soaps. Potash never gives a hard soap, and soda never produces a soft soap. Again, the stea rine soaps are harder, and time elain softer or much inure liquid; we • thus have a very hard soap arising from two causes, and a very soft soap from two other causes. In order to make the hard soap, the manufacturer takes the tallow and melts it in a vat, containing water, for the purpose of prevent ing the tallow irons burning. In some instances, the tallow is incited by the aid of steam. The alkali is then poured upon it, which alkali is a carimnate of soda. It is dissolved in water, and a quantity of quicklime added. The quicklime takes the carbonic acid and the soda is set free in a caustic state. The stearic acid is a very weak acid, and could not expel the carbonic acid, hence it is necessary to have caustic soda. When the soda is added to the vat in which the tallow is melted, it is stirred and the fire applied. As it is heated, the alkaline portions of the liquor disappear, and as they do, the manufacturer adds more and more of the alkali, until the soap will not take up muc h more. When the soap has boiled sufficiently, which the manufacturer knows by the state of the pellicle upon the t o p, an d ot h er sytnptoms, the soap is run into frames, where it is allowed to cool, and then it is cut up into the wedges in which it is seen in commerce. There remains behind, in the vat, a large quantity of glyce rine, which is street to the taste, and there is a quantity of soap in it. It is necessary to separate the soap still better from the liquor, and this is done by taking advantage of a remarkable property of soap, that it is soluble in pure water but not in salt and water. By adding salt to the water the soap floats upon the surface of the water, and is readily sepa rated. In order to shew, that soap is the union of an orga nic acid with au alkali, it is only necessary to take the soap ,and add to it any acid whatever. Thus, if we add a small quantity of sulphuric acid, there immediately separates a quantity o f a whitish powder, which floats, and we gradually collect, as a clot, upon the upper surface of the liquor. We shall flail that this is owing to the separation of stearic acid. In fact, the solution of soap in water is never perfectly transpa rent, for so slight is the affinity of the alkali of soap, that if we take distilled water which has been exposed fora certain length of time to the atmosphere so as to imbibe a certain quantity of carbonic acid, and dissolve soap in it a portion of the carbonic acid will unite with some of the alkali, and there is a portion of the stearic acid set free, which gives to the water a certain milkiness which cannot be removed by the most careful filtration. Time /same soap which dissolves nailkily in water, will dissolve transparently in spirit. The transparency of the solution of soap in spirit is taken advan tage of for what is termed in commerce the Naples soap. '!'he soap is dissolved in strong spirit, and the spirit is scented by the addition of a volatile oil. The liquor is poured into a mould, and forms a jelly which, as the spirit evaporates, be comes a hard transparent mass. This is the process of time manufacture of the hard white soap, which is au uniou of the hard stea,sine with soda. Now there are a variety of other soda soaps which are made use of. In the first instance, there is a very important branch of manufacture which constitutes the yellow soap of commerce. At one time it was made of very ordinary fatty matters, bad tallow, or any such substance too much injured to make good white soap, and there was a con sistency given to them by resin. This made a good soap, but it was coloured yellow. Of late years there has been a con siderable quantity of palm oil introduced into commerce, which has given quite a new impulse to the manufacture. It is, more properly speaking, the butter of the palm. This palm oil consists of stearine and elain, mixed with a remark able red colouring matter which is of a resinous nature, and is merely intermixed by means of a spitit. We can sepa rate the palm oil into its constituents, and we can get the oily principle pure. This in commerce is not done, and the cheapness of the manufacture has introduced a soap of the soda kind, as good for all practical purposes, and differing only in colour horn the tallow soap which is so high in price. In the manufacture of the soft soap, precisely the saute process is followed as th a t w hi c h I h ave described. The combinations of the stearic acid with the alkalies are soluble in water when we except the slight opalescence which arises from the presence of the carbonic acid which water contains. Stearic acid will combine with the metals and earths, but they are all insoluble in water, and cannot be used in cleansing; but they are used for other purposes of great importance. The manufacture of soap of lime is of great interest. In order to make this. it is only necessary to take a solution of soap and water, and to add to it some lime water. A copious white precipitate is formed, which is a combination of stearic acid with lime. This soap of Hine is in fact the stearate of lime, which is always generated when a solution of soap is added to water containing lime. Me i water in this neighb our h oo d, an d i n f act th e major a t i y i wa ter, contains traces of carbonate of lim e, and in when we add soap to it, we obtain a cop iousn andw bile the action of :Waters containing lime are termed "tar s , ater. Hard soap forms a very excellent test for hard w 4 religious paper, f rib a er ' s . b og , t i .e lv r zn re r q .— ue l: t h s e heisdi subscribers otiliel (this to dun them in another world. They ought surely to pay in world, hut should they neglect, there is no fear of his venturing into their neighbourhood in another World for 1 DUNN ti t ,e NG 2 e II:, b the settlement of an old score! LIVERPOOL MICIIAELMAS SESSIONS. Yesterday the usual Quarter Sessions commenced, before JA\►Es CLA lots, Esq., Recorder, at the Sessions' House. in Chapel -street. The following gentlemen were sworn in on the Grand Jury . _ _ William Rotherham, Esq., Foreman. ,lohn Dutton, John Phillips Mather, William Swan Dixon, Edwin Moon. John Davidson, Charles Mozeley, Richard Eddleston Hyde, William Oxley, John Jerdein, James Nowell, Edwin Ward Jackson; Joseph Robinson Pimm, William Lowe, James Still, - Josh. Langton, Samuel Simmonds, James Lee, and 'Thos, Simpson, Esqrs. The ordinary preliminaries of the Coact having been gone through, .... The liEconnEn proceeded to deliver his charge. He did not agree in the extensive changes anticipated in prison dis cipline. He thought the changes ought to he more gradual. Ile dwelt principally on the importance of educating the youth of this country, which he looked upon as the most ef fectual preventive of crime. The very crowded state of our columns prevents us giving the whole address of the Recorder, and the reports of the trials, the greater number of which, however, have already appeared in this paper in the shape of police repot ts. The calendar contains 83 cases of felony and 17 of misdemeanour. Nearly the whole of them are cases of theft, of an unimpor tant character. ATAL ACCIDENT ON THE GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY. Newton-in-the-Willows, Saturday. This morning an inquest was held before John ['eyes, Es.q., one of the coroners for this county. to inquire touching the death of James Clayton, an Irish pig-dealer, who was killed by the overthrowing of the Liverpool and Manchester luggage train on Thursday night. Peter Cara depoSed that he was a policeman, employed on the Liverpool and Manchester Hallway. It was his duty to turn the points (that is to shift the course of the trains from one line to another) at the Warrington junction,• by trains coming front Manchester, in order that they might go on to the Grand Junction line. William Worsley, another police man, was. on Thursday night appointed to a similar duty, having the charge of the points connected with the trains coining from Ltvetpool. He was a regular policeman, and had relieved Roger Gaskell. At about eight o'clock on Thursday night it was very dark. Witness heard a train of luggage waggons coming from Liverpool, and saw them turn on to the Grand Junction line. Shortly after he heard some pigs screaming; he ran to the spot with a lamp, and found the engine, tender, and several waggons of the train which had just passed thrown off the road. The waggons were turned over, and some were broken ; several of them were loaded with pigs. Witness asked if any one was missing or injured, and ascertained that James Clayton, the deceased, was missing. Witness went round the waggons, and at length found the deceased, under the pigs, in a ditch. Plenty of assistance was obtained, and the deceased w es extricated. lie was quite dead when they got him out. lie did not ap pear to be bruised, but suffocated by the pigs trampling upon him; fourteen of the pigs were also dead. It was a Man- chester train, and not the Grand Junction train, as was at first anticipated. The engineer had turned off his steam a little, but when he turned the junction he had been going very rapidly. No one except decea ;El(' was materially hurt. William Worsley, the other policeman, confirmed this evidence, and explained the nay in which the accident oc ' curred. From his statement, added to that of other witnesses, it appeared that the Grand Junction Railway Company had been laying down new rails upon what formerly constituted the Newton and Warrington Railway, but now the Newton terminus of the Grand Junction line. During this operation temporary rails were laid down, and the railway, at the par ticular spot at which the accident happened, was in such a state as to render great caution on the part of the engineer necessary, in order to pass over it in safety, and there was an absolute necessity on all occasions fur the trains to slacken their speed. The trains of the Grand Junciiou and the Li verpool and Manchester Companies at night carry no dis tinctive light, and the witness was taking the Liverpool and Manchester train for the Grand Junction Birmingham, both of which leave Liverpool about the same time; turned the points so as to conduct the train to which the accident hap pened out of regular course on to the Grand Junctio❑ line. The jury found a verdict of " Accidental- death," and levied a deodand of 106. upon the waggon. At the same they expressed a wish that the coroner should write to the directors of both companies, in their name, to suggest the propriety of adopting different coloured lights, so as to dis tinguish the trains of the one company from the other, when travelling in the night time. Lord Skelmersdale has been entertaining the Duchess Countess of Sutherland, Lord and Lady Stanley, Lord and Lady Francis Egerton, and a select party of fashionables, at his seal, Lathoui-house, near Orniskiik. Fittk..-On Thursday morning, soon after one, a fire broke out, in the soapery of Mr. Blake, Kitchen-street; but by the powerful and effectual aid of the Fire-police, was extifiguished, after trifling damage. George Calvert Taylor has been committed for trial at the ensuing Hull sessions, on a charge of embezzlinglarge stuns of money belonging to the Stamp-office at I - lull. The defi ciency is stated to be £1,532 is. 10Id. OLD ENGLISH HOSPITALITY.—OU Tuesday Lord Barham gave a bountiful dinner, of old English fare, to 200 old men, in the hall of his mansion at Exton Park. SINGULAR A TTAcuSIUNT.—A respectable farmer, of New bold, near Chesterfield, of the name of Wearmouth, was in possession, as part of his stock, of two animals of quite a dif ferent species and temperament, a cow and sow, but'sUch is their attachment to each other, especially of the former, that she eats, sleeps, and seems only happy when in company of her favourite, not taking any notice of her fellow kine. Her ladyship is at present iu the straw, having a litter of pigs, which has not exhausted the patience of her brute compa nion, who manifests considerable anxiety fur her re-appear ance in the farm-yard. CLOSING SHOPS.--The drapers at Cheltonham have entered into an agreement to close their shops at eight in the evening, from lst October to 31st March, and - at nine from the let April to 30th September, Saturdays excepted. This resolu tion ha s been come to in consequence of a remonstrance made by their assistants, in which the hardihip that late hours of closing imposed upon them was very clearly and sensibly urged.—The Herefiad Journal says--" The mercers and drapers in this city have agreed to close their shots at eight in the evening during the next six months, from October to April." . . The Morning H era ld p u bli s h es t h e following from a Corre spondent:—On Tuesday evening the family of a gent:eman residing in the vicinity of Dorset-square were thrown into a state of the greatest anxiety in consequence of the disappear ance of his niece, who was under his guardianship. It appears that the young lady had feigned a slight indisposition to be excused accompanying her relatives to the theatre. The foot man, on his return from leaving them at the Haymarket Theatre, having a message to deliver to her from his mistress, was much alarmed at not finding her in the house, snore par ticularly as a female domestic wily likewise absent, and aim, ter in the hand-writing of the yours ,, lady laid on the parlour table. He immediately took a cab and hastened back to the theatre. and delivered it to her uncle, who instantly returned home, and obtaining a clue to her destination from the letter, forthwith ordered post-horses and went in pursuit of the fair fugitive. It is rumoured in the neighbourhood that she has placed herself under the protection of an officer of high rank in the army, who is upwards of thirty years her senior, and was on terms of the greatest friendship with the family-, who h a d n o t the most remote idea of his intentions. The young lady has but just entered her nineteenth year, possessed of great personal attractions, and will be entitled to considera ble property on attaining her majority. LIST OF PASSENGERS BY TIIE 'GREAT 'WESTERN, FROM Nt,w Youx.--J. Watt, G. D. O'Gowan, D. B. Day, F. Frey, J. Walt er, J ames C ox, C. Ol i ver, F. B. Field, R. Ashton, J. Jamieson, Daniel Maule, P. Hutton, Mr. Gunter, Mr. Harmony and servant, J. C. Burbag,e, A. Craig, A. J. Ciprient,—Detheir, C. E. Douglas,—Pilling, Dr. Knox, R. Mannicart, G, Ashton. jun., L. M. Wiley, F. A. Delano, Mr. Smith, F Gourand, Colonel Grant and servaits,—Allan, H. P. Baker, L. Bugee, P Sturmer, W. Douglas, H. G. Thompson, Mr. and Mrs. Stewart, Mrs. Thompson and ser vants, S. Peroot, Mr. Owen, F. A. Napier, A. N. Palmer, J. A. Palmer, J. A. Bradley.—Freemen, 11. H. M'Cardy, Mr. Constable, Mr. Purse, H. H. Leeds, B. C. and Mrs. and Miss Delavan, H. Bleaker,—Thayer, H. Wreaks and Son, Chat les Coley,--Montgomerie, Mr. Hyde, R.L.Goddard, Mr. Bacon, Mr. Morley, Mr. Frank Morley, Mr. Sands, Mr. Williams, Mr. Daniell, Mr. J. W. Patterson, Mr. G. Richards, C. W. Foster, James Wood, T. Wood, Mr. Munroe, Mr. and Mrs. Davis, John Doggett, Mr. Hartley, Mr. L. Webb, B. F. Roebeck, Mr. Worthington, Major Bridges, Mr. Moltram, Lord Arthur Lennox, Lady Lennox, Ladpne, M. M. Thompson, T. Motely, J. K. War burgh, S. 'S. Strany, J. Hamilton, I. S. Williams, Mr. Lad, Alfred Large, Mr. Lat r i m , H on. W . 11 . F. Cavendish, Major Power, Captain Coryton, F. Leclerc, J. P. Hamil ton, C. D. Fisher, Win. Cormach, Captain Penner,—Law ford, H. J. Jenkins, Thomas Wilson, Miss Maule, Miss Muir, Judge Robins o n, Willi am R o bi nson, Miss Robinson, Miss Louisa Robinson. Miss Mary Robinson, Charles Rob inson, and servants, Mr. A rno ld, C o l one l W . Nicholls, J. M. Constable; Misi Marna Purse, R. Maynard; and Mr. Carrow. LIVERPOOL MECHANICS' INSTITUTION LECTURES ON CHEMISTRY AS APPLIED TO THE ARTS. will not wash without au extravagant expenditure of soap, because the soap, instead of acting upon the cloth, will be decomposed, and instead of the soap of an alkali, you will have a soap of lime, which is insoluble. And so, if water be hard, it will not extract infusions : it will be unfit to make tea. In order to ascertain whether the water is fit fur making tea or not, it is only necessary to add a little of the tincture of soap. The soap of lead is very important in medicinal purposes. If we take a solution of soap and water, and add to it a solution of acetate of lead, you will perceive that there will immediately be produced a copious white precipitate; in fact, that the whole will be completely coagulated. This soap of lead constitutes the diachylon plaster of the druggists, which, by the addition of a little resinous matter, becomes sticking plaster. It is made by adding to any fatty body li tharge, which is oxide of lead. In the manufacture of com mon white soap, the alkali employed to expel the glycerine is soda, and the soap produced is a stearate of soda, while glycerine is set free. In the manufacture of sticking plaster, you have the same ingredients, vie, the stearic acid and the glycerine; but in place of applying soda, which would give you a soda soap, you employ an oxide of lead. You put the fatty material, which for this purpose is a mixture of oil and lard, into a copper, and melt it, and then add a little litharge, by which glycerine is disengaged, and you have diachylon plaster: so that the soap of lead is based upon the same prin ciple as the Soap of commerce. If you add to a solution of soap a solution of a salt of copper, the copper will be com pletely precipitated, under the form of a greenish white pow der, which is a soap, or stearate of copper. If I take a solu tion of soap, and add to it a solution containing quicksilver, we hhve an insoluble soap of quicksilver: in fact, a solution of soap will precipitate all of these metallic oxides. This is a very important property of soap with regard to poisons, and it may be well for individuals to know the fact, because soap is a substance which every body has in the house, and it is desirable that we should know the uses or misuses which may be made of ordinary household matters. You will observe that soap has the power of precipitating a solution of metals. If a poison, therefore, consisting of a solution of corrosive sublimate, or of any salt of copper or lead, were taken, by giving the solution of soap in water, you will precipitate the metallic oxide, and counteract the effects of the poison : in fact, there is but one case where the administration of soap would not be nseful, and there it would be absolutely injuri ous; and that is where the poison is arsenic. In all cases where the precipitation of metallic oxides is effected by soap, the metallic oxide is a base. If the metallic oxide were the acid, what would be the case? Why, this:—we should have the same result as when we added the mineral acid to the soap and water. There would be a coagulation; but this coagulation no longer results from the precipitation of the poisoning matter, but from time separation of the stearic acid from the alkali ; and if a person has been poisoned, or is in danger of being poisoned, by taking arsenic, you must re member that the white arsenic is an acid, and that the arsenic will take the alkali of the soap, winch will increase its so lubility, and the danger of the poison will be increased. In all cases, however, except this one, we may look upon the I administration of soap as being a most useful reroedy. Of course, there are for these different poisons specific counter poisons, which are well known to time philosophic physician, who would of course invariably apply them; but as a general recipe for a fatni y to make use of while awaiting the arrival of a physician, the solution of soap may be administered in the case of poisoning- by any mineral except arsenic. The fatty bodies`have been divided in chemistry into the saponiable and unsaponiable. More generally speaking, the one consists of those bodies which are characterized by being salts of glycerine, and the others do not contain any glyce rine at all. The second of these classes, in order to under stand their natu re , we must l oo k upon them as being simply vegetable acid matters, which exist in nature uncombined. In the ordinary fats the acid material is combined with the base, glycerine. But in this second class of fats the fatty material exists in nature free. A remarkable instance of this is in the resins, and when we come to examine their organization, we find it to be singular. Resin exists in a great variety of plants, and in the oils which are volatile, resembling spirits of turpentine, Now, when spirits of tur pentine, which consist of live atoms of carbon, and four atoms of hydrogen, are exposed to the air, they generally absorb oxygen, and doing so are converted into the ordinary white resin. In the family of trees which yield turpentine, on dis tillation, you will observe the outer coat becomes marked with resin, and this occurs from the liquid turpentine, which passes through the chinks absorbing the oxygen of the air. Thus also we find when turpentine is locked up in a store, for a long time, and the doors not opened, that those who enter are suffocated, or in danger of being so, in conse quence of the oxygen being withdrawn from the air by the turpentine, and free nitrogen only remaining behind. The oxydation, however, becomes more rapid if we supply tur pentine with nitric acid, or any other substance which will give out more oxygen. If we take some nitric acid, and mix it with one-fourth of its volume of oil of vitriol, in order to dry it, and add the mixture to the turpentine, the oxygen of the acid passes over to the turpentine so rapidly as to set fire to it. Thus the passage from the state of turpentine into that of a resin depends upon the absorption of oxygen, and hence we might be led to infer that the resin contains acid properties, and such is the ease. The resins combine with alkalies, and in doing so generate a class of bodies resembling soaps. They do so readily, but they have no glycerine. This soap of resin is still introduced into the yellow soaps. It was introduced still more when the soap was made from bad lard and tallow, but the soap of resin is used in considerable quantities, in a pure condition, in paper making In the manufacture of paper, where it is made by the wed-known paper machine, the paper is sized before going into the machine, and for this purpose a solution of common soap, with a little excess of potash, is made use of; but as frequently vegetable size is made use of, which is a so lution of resin and potash. In fact, if we take a quantity of resin, powder it, and warm it in a solution of potash, we ob tain a liquor which is transparent. We may call it a resinate of potash, for if we add it to some acid we obtain a large por tion of resin. Therefore, in the sizing of the pap er th e resi nate of potash i s mixed up with the pulp before it enters the machine, and hence there is a varnish given to the paper, and it becomes more impenetrable to ink that it would with out it. The composition of this vegetable size was kept for a considerable time a secret, but I was curious enough to analyze it, and I found it to be a simple resinate of potash. If we take a solution of a resinate of potash, and add to it a solution of acetate of lead, we have a precipitate which is resinate of lead. Wax is a body which consists of three or four different materials which are more nearly allied to the resins than to any of the fatty bodies. They do not yield any glycerine when they are saponified, but they resemble the resins in combination with the alkalies. I have been thus rapid in my description of the different combinations and properties of the fatty bodies, for the pur pose of being stumbled this evening to bring before you some very interesting details, which I was obliged to postpone from another lecture. When we were engaged on the sub ject of the manufacture of glass and porcelain, I was obliged to enter into the chemical properties of the ingredients and omit the mechanical operations. These I intend to enter into this evening, for which purpose, therefore, I have curtailed my remarks upon the manufacture of soap. You will recollect that I mentioned that the constituents of porcelain were silica clay and accidental lime, but the lime being merely acci dental, and not being present in the finer portions of porcelain, we may look upen them as being entirely composed of clay and silica. Pure clay contains silica chemically combined as a silicate of alumina. The silicate of alumina is absolutely infusible, and from its great contractibility when heated, it would be absolutely impossittle to make a vessel which would not crack and fly into pieces in the process of baking. To Prevent this, silica is added. There are two limits in the manufacture of porcelain. On the one hand, it may approxi mate in its imbue to glass, and when it does so, it becomes too fusible for the put pose of the manufacturer, and too liable to clack, with sudden heat and cold. Clay is not so liable to crack when exposed to sudden varieties of temperature as glass. There is, therefore, the liability to breakage if the porcelain comes too near to glass, and the liability to shrink ing and cracking in time baking if there is not silica enough. Another object of the porcelain manufacturer is to get such a degree of silica as to give a certain degree of opalescence to the structure. Cornish clay and flint are added, and mixed together in water, with such 'a degree of intricacy that no chemical analysis could discover any difference of properties In the diflerent portions of the mixture. This is managed by means of a tnachine, consisting of a spiral arrangement of knives for cutting and mixing the ingredients, Now Ilet us suppose that a mass of clay is passed to a workman, he takes it upon the most ancient piece of machinery in existence— the potter's wheel, which differs not in the least from that mentioned in Scripture, and moulds it into the rough form by his hands, .by virtue of the centrifugal force of the clay Wimilst e revolving on the wheel. It. is then placed to dry in a room Meated to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. It is much thicker than itought to be. and the extra clay is removed by turning the cuticle upon a lathe, by which that beautiful smoothness and sharpness of outline is given to it, which could not other wise be obtained. The article is then dried still further, and after that comes the first tiring, and subsequently the appli cation of the glaze. The first tire is the severest trial to which it is subjected; iu fact, the object of the first firing is the solidifying together of this particles of the silica. If we take a material consisting entirely of clay, and subject it to a high temperature, it would crack and fritter away. But when a piece of clay, properly prepared, is fired, it is converted into a sort of half vitrified substance. After the first firing, por celain is calltid biscuit. This biscuit is porous, because the vitrification does not extend through the whole mass of clay; if it did it would be pure glass. This biscuit would allow the tea to sweat out of it and form a dew on the other side. It is used in the East Indies for cooling porter, and on the con tinent for cooling water. The liquor intended to be cooled is placed in the biscuit vessel, and hung in the air; the liquid passes through and forms a dew; this dew evaporates, and in doing so taxes away so much caloric from the vessel and liquid as will enable it to assume the vaporous state, and so far cool it as to make it very refreshing. After the ware has been brought to the condition of biscuit, the cooling and glaze are applied. The principle of time glaze is to case the earth enware in a sheet of glass. The sheet of glass is not porous, and consequently if you take a piece of biscuit ware, which is porous, and cover it with the glaze, which is not porous, you have of course rendered the ware perfectly water tight. This is done by taking a variety of metals, which are easily melted, (as the only essential character of the glaze is, that it must melt at a point beneath that at which the earthenware would melt,) for instance, calcined flint and borax, and mix them with water into the consistency of cream. By homers iug the biscuit hi it, and then placing it in a furnace suffici ently hot to melt the glaze, we shall get the glassy character which it is necessary that porcelain should have. There is another glaze, which, though not applied to any but the coars est earthenware, is still very important that is the salt glaze. In order to apply this, the process is very simple. The pieces of earthenware, in the state of biscuit, are piled up in the furnace and heated to redness, but not so much as i n t h e first process of fi r i ng. The workmen then pitch a quantity of salt into the furnace, which becoming converted into vapour, comes into contact with the earthenware. You will recollect that earthenware contains a quantity of silica, and the salt coming into contact with it, the silica takes the soda, one constituent of the salt, and muriatic acid, its other con stituent, is set free. The silicete of soda is pure plass, and by this means we generate it upon the surface of the earthen ware. When earthenware was made in this manner, the quantity of muriatic acid set free is so enormous, that it pro duced the expulsion of the persons who first made earthen ware in Stafferdshire. Theenanufacture, however, gradually recovered its stand, and now the valleys of Staffordshire are covered on vitrifeing days with the fumes of thir acid. There is mine more stake of the powers in which the porcelain is ornamented. A variety of coloured metallic oxides are taken, and being laid upon the earthenware, are burnt in along with the glees. For instance, the oxide of cobalt pos sesses the property of colouring glass a beautiful blue colour. In the manufacture of earthenware, where the pattern is exceedingly neat, it is evident that it would be im possible to paint it on without great expense ; the patterp is therefore engraved on copper-plates, and printed on tissue paper', precisely as ordinary engraving; but in place of ordi nary printer's ink, there is au ink employed, which is com posed of pastes incorporated with metallic oxides. A copy of the engravine having been takon, the tissue paper is then banded over to girls, who cut up the pattern into its differ ent parts. They then take the pieces of tissue paper, having the engravings upon them, and by means of a smooth piece of bone or of metal, and even with the fingers, they rub it over the wave, which is then laid aside for several hours waft the engravine has been properly transferred. The ware then plunged into water, when the tissue thefauce p le a u i v te in n g i i t s h fa pattern (ij fi i e r u e n p upon Lei colour, r, pare. but colour desired. only fixes it, but brings it to t he Straltis, Esq., of Loudon, On Wednesday evening, Ro b ert _ - t lectures upon Popular niring nut will commence a course of eig t fad to be y attractive. theln the first f Astronomy, which canno t , I ,