The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-10-11 00:00:00

-~- 336. rtiarepra- Id advise le preten ces Ma r grounas ire, stud test alien. .eased to party,”-- , of Lord retengs r to Oni Fraser, — as paiut• , that his such au and bard the pro- lin. letter ends that •• should the 18th is an oh_ leave to us atten- : r, and to • passed at its. The Lnifem as • - mination the Post h eaussd la assist 'les were Lagl it was ad appli to some . 3, Bea. . eared, be leqaence, 'tuned by eGotnez.. , expecte& L to vita . eraained ly on his Tactually ink pro ,nded to found a !landing lornand ng been h whom a corre r letters mud in rise "A by post, haphin, to the an, that rrosuge .versafy !teemed Esq.; Outflow; Char]." tables, ti. As .ation is r of the noble bought an boa sled to 'lova is ipt pub - drown a r those, agree- y differ mat "if ambur rods of Le COO himself THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. C • The tteIRMAN toen rose ;he said there was not a monarch more anxious for the well-being, happiness and comfort of his subjecte, than -his present most gracious Majesty. The King was worm hearted, considerate'and humane, and long might he continue to reign in the hearts of his people. He begged to P i r,oPose the King;"' with four times four. Song — by Mr 1 -lord, and chorus, '' God save the King." • The CHAIRMAN said, the next toast he had to propose, which tie WWI certain would be drunk with as much enthusiasm as the Jest. Ifelaigged to propose the health of one of the most vir tuous and amiable of her sex, " Queen Adelaide." Glee,— " Raise the etrein to William's Praise." ~.The CHAIRMAN then gave the "the Princess Victoria."— Given with, hcee times three. Glee, " Hail Star of Bruns wick.". t. The CH AIRMAN sa id h e was qu it e cer tain that none would , 1 Lbject to fill a bumper to the toast he was about to propose. Lite gentlemen being duly prepered,and the chairman continued, lie tong he•was about to propose, was one who every true Ofight tit drink, and what every good conservative he was sore would drink. (Cheers.) The church had been esaailed as they all knew, in every quarter ; all sects had combined and made common cause against her, and English men should unite, and those who felt the value of their glo rious constitution, and rally around the monarch,- and support the altar and the throne. (Loud cheers.) He was not a per son to join a- fact* or opposition, and he was not a friend to meetings of the lower orders, but on such nu occasion as the titouighit w th l e ie n n , every one was interested, and every one con cerned, and when.the question was one of vital importance, he that it was time for all parties to unite in de fence of their King, their church, and their constitution Cheers.) An experiment had been tried, in the sister king dom, of conciliating to the Roman Catholic part of his Ma jesty's subjects. He himself had been considered a bigot, . be cause he had been always opposed to any concession. He .was "on principle, not as >t party man. That measure had been carried, by his best friend, and that friend he bad opposed tooth and nail to the best of his ability and power, when the question was agitated, He should be glad to know of what service this conciliation had beep, what good results had been obtained from it ? He could answer in a single moliesyllable— ",ao. Having lived a part of his life in Roman Catholic coun tiles, he knew their creed, and lie knew that nothing could conciliate them, nothing could satisfy them short of ascend ancy. (Chaers.) Were the people of England prepared to con ceed that to them ? Oceans of blood had been shed, as they all knew, for centuries, until the glorious battle of the Boyne lead settled this question, and were they to give up the position, that high position in which they stood, and put the Roman Ca tholics on a par with them, and which, in a short time, would send in Catholic ascendancy. (Cheers.) One of the great uses and advantages of these associations was, as he had be fore stated, to rally round the altar and the throne, and he should be happy to see the various classes meeting together for this good pUrposel . they could not encourage them too much, it would be attended 'with the happiest results, and be of the greatest advantage to the country. In his opinion nothing but that could save the country. (Cheers.) He would not longer detain them, as he was aware that there were many more able to give their opin!oni, and- discuss these topics that he was ; he Would, therefore,..propose to them " the Church, the King, and Constitution." Given with three times three cheers. Glee, —" With a jolly full bottle." Which was loudly cheered in the singing. The Cuatastate then gave " The Wooden Walk of Old England." ('Given with great cheering.) • Song and Chorus,—" Rule-Britannia." The CHAIRMAN then proposed" Lord Hill, and the Army," which was given with three tidies three. General O'LAUGHLIN rose to respond to the toast.. He said he was too much in the habit of serving, and of obeying orders now to disobey the injunction of the chairman. He was sure there was no class of the community who more fully appreci attsd the high, and rich reward of the approbation of their countrymen, and more particularly of such men as composed that meeting, than the army. (Cheers.) With respect to the noble individual at the head of the army, anything he could say of him, wauld , .ratherderogate than add to his high character for his urbanity, for his strict impartiality, and his justice. The adjoining county might well be proud of having produced such a mart; end he must beg leave to say, that the county they were then ip.hrid net been defscieut-in producing men who had deserved IOC& their country. (Cheers.) It would occupy more time than he had•any.right to claim from this company if he were to particularise those officers he had known who were natives of Cheshire and wholatol done honour to their country —who had in every Way acquitted themselves as Cheshire men. (Cheers.) .He' had had., the happiness of serving with their noble president at the commeeceineat of his brilliant military career. (Cheers) . He afterwards had had the good fortune of being placed under Isis command. In his presence be refrained from expressing the feelings of friendship and respect be bore towards him. He thanked them for having listened to the honest effusions of a Conservative soldier. (Great cheering.) Glee—" How merrily we live that soldiers be." The CHAIRMAN before lie gave the next toast, begged leave to say, that he' did not follow the example of the enemy, lie should endeavour to elisteiresfroru all personal abuse. • The radical jotirtsals.said that at conservative associations, dinners, and meetings, the principal topics consisted of abuse of a certain Mr. O'Counell, and of another individual connected with the government:. (Loud laughter ) He was not to choose society or friends for that,party. it was nothing about their association and connections. (Cheers.) He begged to state that it was not their principle to detract, they stood on higher ground, they did not follow their enemies example, they stood on the defensive and strove for the protection of the country and the constitution. He begged leave to recommend to them what he considered to , be the Original and present object of forming these Hericiatione—riot for the purpose of pointing out any particular party, or abusing those who were in power, or dictating who Ought to be the .ministers end - who not ; hut he conceived their main object Wan for disabusing the public mind—to convince People that they were suit their enemies, and to point out to thetawho were their enemies, and. who were their f r i ends.— p heY were accused of being a jobbing set of ultra tories ? Such statesmen and tories were sir. Robert Peel and the Duke of Wellington. - Let the public look into the characters of these eminent men. . Sir Robert Peel almost every one knows, was °tie of the most domestic men in this kingdom, happier in the Bosom of his family than in tiny other place, excepting when employed for his ,country's good. (Cheers.) The opposite Party would wish the lower orders to believe that he was a greedy man and that lie sought effice merely for the sake of the emolument and pewee. Triton who knew Sir Robert Peel, and who knew his character, would -say that he was the last man in the country to take advantage of either. (Cheers.) Every tete knew that Sir Konen Peel was one of the most wealthy men iu the country. Sir Robert Peel was not only independent in Point of fortune, but he possessed an independent mind. (elners,) Let them look at the acts of that great man during the short tithe that he was in power, and unfortunate to the country it was that he was in office but a short time. Had he turned out the ambassadors arid those employed by the late government. Did he not oiler to the Governor of Jamaica and other governern, that they might retain their respective Places, and had they not retained them ? Did that look like greediness'? Did it look like coming into office for the sake of patronage ? On this point they ought to undeceive the lower orders ;-- to the middle classes were coining round , he was h a ppy to Say, proper sense of the danger in which the country Was placed. He was delighted to see conservative associations arising in different parts of the kingdom ; he thought they would be of infinite advantage to the good cause. (Cheers,) The line of conduct which he hoped all good conservatives Would pursue, was to endeavour to undeceive the lower or• (l ent They load . hitherto been misled - by the enemies of the cou e try. Speaking of Ireland, they were accused of with holding justice to Ireland. He should be glad to know what the !' meant by justiee : that justice should be anything but an even-handed justice. Was it justice to take from one man to in crease the prope r ty o f an o th e r ? Wes it justice to take from the l Ted toli Protestant Church to give it to Roman Catholics ? This they t justice tolrelatut, and accused Timed them of opposing these de structive particularly the House of Peers. The people were te s y od k again that t h e peers were t h e i r g r ea t e st enemies, and some of th e mostailtrn radicals were for abolishing that h ouse . That house h attempt was mad e t n h e e w p s e s;r l L7 — ell was the chief harrier between the mon arc h y (Cheers.) For this reason the they would ,et them but icila to abolish that house ; Ina he hoped to God meisaures which these kiziple proposed, remesin firm and do their duty —(Cheers.) e church and carry all those deslructrve jßitieh any man in bis auber and then adieu to the heers.) He would wish to know if nerienesi, however violent a party man, would wish to see such 44 7 d ution in England ? The friends of the present ministers Stray the British Constitutile say "no ; we don't wish to de the most extraordinary thing W '" . w ish to improve And adopting the measures whifliwtBll/4' that time te time, and which had it no'terie,ne)fnowfriiirw9tPelrriee'YHe4:oll'°:PsrettoniaLfsorordalyg the last person to join-a factiou4tohpptiolosisteion they would have carried to the ruin the country. He was cared not for sheets. Along against any man, he cer tain, he looked for measures. Fie looked for lie was H e would oppose owwhnicbhroWptoohuseerifd,,r those measures, Come (cher from rso whence they might , his the country. not for him to sa y wplen7le ?f -helotic_dlearest friend o p r r P o r p o osing u to thel measures as would he oppose if he advocated, present ministers if they should w s d —one illustrious retire, thishi c majesty's oniry _to(icn country.—(Cheers.) were ) t , n v o a would private life.. fie they Occupy the Owes (Jibe but there was but one now he conceive to wh om t h e c onservatives would look up, and w h om would support, if he would give up his persuaded that that man would step forward if be could pos sibly is country. He would beg to conclud siblY be of service to b with proposing the next toast, was " Success to Consere- Native Associations throughout the kingdom." Given with three times three. - CAPTAIN PHLESTON being called on for a song , gave the Ane old English ,Gentletnan." Sir thane MAINWAKINQ said, lie hoped it would not be ob trusive in him offering himself to their notice. To the house . 10 , which the noble Chairman had allud ed in his last speech, "leY Were mainly indebted for the inettervation of the eouatitu- tion. (Cheers.) As a body, the House of Peers bad done its duty, and had supported the cause which they hoped to see flourish in this country. He would particularise one who had stood forward in that cause in the House of Peers in a most se tishictory manner, it wns Lord Lyndhurst. (Great cheerine.) He was sure it would take more oratory than he was possessed of, to mention the fine speeches which Lord Lyndhurst had de livered in that House. He thanked goodness, however, that they were handed down to posterity, and he doubted not but that posterity would rightly appreciate them. He begged to propose " Lord Lyndhurst, and the House of Peers." Given with three times three, and one cheer more. LORD DELAMERE rose to return thanks for the honour done to the honourable House of which he was a member. (Cheers.) He could say but little on the subject ; hut this lie could say, that were every Conservative Lord present, and Lord Lynd hurst at their head, they would feel proud and delighted at the approbation shown of their conduct by so numerous and re spectable a body of guntlet»en as were there assembled togee ther. He must further add, thoueli it becomes him to state it, that lie was one who did think that the Lords had done their duty. (Great cheering.) And he would say, they had nobly done it. They had not done it vexatiously ; there had been no vexatious opposition to any succession of good, done for the purpose of teasing or harressing Government ; no opposition had ever been made to any measure, but that measure which had been considered by the Conservative House of Lords, as trenching on their privileges, and on the principles on which the Constitution stands. (Great cheering.) The CHAIRMAN said, the next toast was the health of that great statesmen, whom thee all admired, and whom they all respected and loved ; he would propose the health of " Sir Ro bert Peel." (Great Cheering ) And he begged leave to attach to it " the Conservative members of the House of Commons." GiVen amidst loud cheering. Lord Corot said he had been called upon to return thanks but it ill became him to do it having a senior member of that house on his right hand, and a friend of theirs on his left, who he believed was in Parliament before either of them were either born or thought of. (Laughter.) Ile felt sorry that he had accepted the Chiltern Hundreds not many months ago. He had, however, done his best. He only wished they had in the House of Commons such a majority as they had in the House of Lords. It, however, belonged to them to give that majority, if they would but register, register, as a friend of his had said, "agitate, agitate" 7a Ireland. If they would but register, register, register, with such a man as Sir Robert Peel at their head, they would be able to save the country. If they did not register they would continue just as they were at present. On the part of Sir Robert Peel and the Conservative Members of the House of Commons he begged to return them his hearty thanks. (Cheers.) Glee—" Hail smiling Morn." 'the CHAIRMAN, CHAIRMAN, in proposing the next toast said, he always thought of men as he found them. The Conservative members of the county hard done their duty most conscientiously, most faithfully, and most honourably. (Cheers.) They deserved well of their country and of that county in particular. (Cheers.) He believed he was right when he said that no Conservative member of that county had ever accepted office, and yet they were called ultra-greedy - Tories, anxious for place. This was the abuse which their enemies put on them. He defied them, however, to prove it. He begged to propose the good health of the Conservative Members of this good Conservative County connected with the house of Oulton and Sir Phillip Egerton. (Loud cheering.) Sir PHILIP EGERTON rose to return thanks, and was received with loud cheering. He said it was with feelings of the greatest satisfaction that he rose to acknowledge the honour conferred upon him. •He hoped lie might interpret the kind manner in which they had received his name into satisfaction at his con duct during the last twelve months, and that his services during that time had met with their approbation. (Cheers.) Tins was the only occasion which was vouchsafed unto him—this was the only meeting by which he was to estimate how far his exertions had been received by them with approbation, and how far the conduct he had pursued in his parliamentary duties had giv - in satisfaction. (Cheers.) Siuce he last had had the ho • nour of addressing them, a session of parliament had passed over their heads of extraordinary exertion and devotion—one in which they had attended to their duties by day and night. They had sat in committees in the mornings, and in the house till two, three, and four o'clock in the mornings —(hear) — anxious to watch the proceedings of an administration which had ever beets ready to introduce the most mischievous tnea sores at the latest hours—(clieers)—when they have thought by their perseverance to weary out the spirits of the conservatives. They had felt this at dense like this,when they had always been in a minority on every division. They might have felt at such times a despondency creeping over them ; they should have felt it had they nor been aware that there was another house — (hear)—that the measures introduced into that house had to pass through another tribunal. Had it not been for that recol lection we might have lapsed into despondency and deserted our posts ; but we have been cheered on by by seeing the matt • fill stand that has been made by the House of Peers--(eries of " Bravo")—by being cheered on to fresh exertions, by seeing that that legislature, fully aware of their proceedings, had not been actuated by factious opposition to ministers in power, but solely the internal good of the. country and of a conscientious feeling of what was due to the nation at large. (Loud cheers.) And if they have not followed the example of the ministers ated bf the House of Commons in truckling to the vices of the radi cals—the mast dangerous section of them—he had almost said the tail, as this part of the House of Commons could only be likened to the tail. But the conservative members had been carried on by still farther views ; they bad_ not merely looked to the House of Lords—they had looked tooltemselves and to their country whenthey saw constituencies at Essex, at North ampton, at South Lancashire, and at Newcastle sending con servative members to parliament at the first opportunity ; they were aware. that it was not only by the House of -Lords, but it was by the constituency of thitoeountry that they were upheld, and by the members Wilic.ll that constituency sent to the House of Common's. (Loud cheering.( He feared, however, ha was trespassing On -their time. (loud cries of "Go on !") and he feared he was introducing politics on au occasion when, per haps, they had better not have been sointroduced. (Continued cries of No.") There were times.and - occrisions•when all time best, and loyal, and kindly feelings of their hearts would arise, and although those occasions might be few and far between, yet this was a more powerful reason why they should estimate them aright . when they did arise; and he considered this as one of thisse occasions when he was able to meet his conserva tive friends at the head of their constieuencies. When he looked beyond the Wails of that room, he saw conservative associa tions spreading rapidly through the lowerorders. They saw last week the tradesmen' of Liverpool formed into an associas tion numbering a thousand members, in additiOn to the Newton conservative meeting. (Loud and continued cheers.) When he saw conservatism marching so rapidly through the country, he could not help feeling that if, an opportunity should occur of appealing to the constituencies of the country, that they must be victorious. If Eegland should be on their side, also should prevail ageinsf them ? ( Cheers.) He would ask theni to look at the nature, at the cause, and lie was proud to see thoee members who were divided into various slight points of differ race uniting. 'He would ask them to study the records of these names with Which they were connected, to prepare themselves for the event of a dissolution. (Cheers.) He would hail them to see who were the friends of the church, he would advise them to search into the votes of their members, and if they were acquainted with hustings pledges, whether proferred sup porters of the established church had been true to their word, (Loud cheering,) that he considered to be the main objects of meetings of associations like that, he felt very strongly on this point: Of course it was a subject of the greatest pleasure to him to see column after column, and page after page of the newspapers filled will) conservative speeches, and he minuet con gratulate them and their conservative friends of the country, or , the rapid spread of conservative principles. The honour able gentleman sat down amidst loud cheering and clapping of bands. SIR PHILLIP EGF.RTON, of Tatum, rose to return thanks on behalf of his son, Wilbraham Egerton, Esq. his son, who was unavoidably absent, they might believe hins that his son entered warmly into tile conservative cause, that his heart was with them, and that he had *imported the conservative measures that had bean brought forward in the House of Commons in every way. In Isis tonne be begged to return them his warmest thanks for the kind compliment they had paid him, they would allow hins also to say that it was extremely gratifying to Inns to see so many respectable men assembled there that . day, to gee so many there supporting his son, who had so kindly supported him for so many years. (Cheers.) The CHAIRMAN rose to propose the health of a worthy Ba ronet who had sat many years in parliament, and who had al ways isupported the conservative cause, be begged to propose the health of Sir Robert W. Vaughan—(great cheering)—and the Conservative, associations in the principality. Sir R. VAUGHAN acknowledged the toast, and begged to propose the health of the noble cheirmen, which was given with three cheers and - conservative honours. The CHAIRMAN said, in the first piece he had to thank the worthy baronet for proposing his health, and the compeny for the very flattering manner in which they bad received it. It was to him always an unpleasant task to speak of self : on other subjects he was not much in the habit of public speaking, and he experienced no difficulty,; but when lie was personally con cerned, arid on occasions like that, he did filod it most difficult. He would assure them it was impossible for lint] to cypress how deeply lie felt the honour he had conferred upon Inns. Ile would assure them, that highly honoured as he felt at being appointed President (no that good conservatve association two days before, lie had been in such a state f health, that he almost feared that he would have. beers obliged to decline the honour of attending on that day,but so good a cause as this was, and the delights which he knew he should feel on meeting his Conservative friends there had carried him through, and enabled him to preside there that day. He hoped that they should meet iu bettel and happier times. The good cause was now prosper ing: he thought by the next meeting which they should hold - the - good sense of the country would have returned. A great change had taken place, and he thought that in less than twelve months the re-action would be completed. He would only ex plain the necessity of opening the eyes of the people and letting them know who were their enemies, and who were their friends. Dont let the people look upon them as they were taught by their enemies to do, as greedy and ultra Tories, under whose mis rule the country haul suffered so much ; they talked of the ex pense of the war, owing to Tory misrule and to Tory extrava gance. He should be glad to know if the Whigs had been in power, in What situation this country would have been—(hear) —this country would at that moment have been a province of France. Nothing but the great efforts of this country had saved Europe. No doubt it had been attended Cris great expense. John Bull was obliged to bleed. (Laughter and Cheers.) But he would say that he had value received, that he l i m o ; some . thing for his money, that his country was served. (Cheers.) The present ministers were very likely people to get 11S into a scrape—to bring on a general war; but they were the last peo ple in the country to get them out of it. (Cheers.) They had had a specimen of their abilities in that way in the year 1802 ; they then made an attemt, they tried their hand, end what was the consegnence ? They had had an armistice it was true—they had had what was called a peace—the country was obliged to Pay a considerable army et that time. Anil what was time con sequence ? They were at a considerable expense to renew this war, and nothing but the Perseverance of the greedy tories again brought the country go t of her difficulties. (Loud cheers.' He begged once more to return them his most hearty than' for the 'moor they had done him. (Cheers.) Lord Lieutenant of the CoTtitnietyC.,HA_GlltiMveAnNwtiltile, h Glee—" Huzza for Old Eng land." The CHAIRMAN then begged to g re a e ve times ' : T propose " The health of the Lord Bishop of the Diocese and the Clergy," which was given with three times three. The Rev. JAMES MAINWARINp rose to respond to the toast. He said it was with feelings of h ea rtfelt thenks that he rose to acknowledge the handsome ma nner in which they had drank his health It lied not been accordance with his wielies to obtrude himself iii such a prominent situation, neither should he have obtruded himself if he humid not seen no conipetent per son to discharge the duties that had devolved upon lints. (Cheers.) He should not, howeger, he doing justice to that Meeting or to the profeessun of which he was an humble member if lug were to remain content with this simple stateinvet, and not advert to .some circumstences, whieh at this moment eeem more peculierly to effect the existence of the church. He had heard the charge of unpopularity against the clergy, and he had heard. likewise, of the danger that threatens the establishment. With regard to the first charge, he never could believe it, when he had seen such a glow of feeling so decidedly contrary that night. He was perfectly aware that they were not in odour with a certain class of peo ple in this country, but who they were, or what even their op positions, not only against the church, but against the other institutions of the state, he would not venture to state. Bet to their motto, "Laudari a laudato vire." The exalted in rank, in future, and the spread of religion and morality. To this clew of people, he believed they could advance A just claim, and for the truth of what he now asserted, he would only refer to the good feelings and good persons which actuated the friends of the church, in every question that concerned the church. He world not remain content with this, but he could refer them to the exertions of their late respected diocesan in the metropolis, and they would see there an unaniinity of pur pose, and a readiness on the part of the laity to forward every scheme which could advance the church. He would only refer them to their own metropolis of Lancashire, and they would see there what had been done, in a very short space of time. They had to congratulate the friends of the church, in that great mart of commerce, for nobly and benevolently coming 'forwards in behalf of national education, on the principals of the church of England. He could multiply instances of good feeling towards the church, not being so looked upon Were they to seek out certain of the deserving, clergy elsewhere recommended by testimonies of respect and approisation by those around them. Should it then be said that there was any unpopular, or any unkindly feeling against the church ? Were these facts any tiring like symptoms of dis approbation ? He thought then that did away with the other charge of unpopularity. They had now come to the charge of the danger which threatened the establishment. That be was perfectly aware was hardly thoiight of, and he should treat the advocates of that doctrine in a Similar way. From whence then were they to apprehend any danger ; was it from societies ? Was it from an assemblage like that which he had the honour of addressing ? Was it from the concentrated loyalty of those by whom they were now surrounded ? Was it from these ranks of society whom they saw daily rally round the institutions of their conntrY? Was it from the Monarch who tees sworn to protect the church ? or was it from the power of fortis who had more than once interposed and struggled to save then , ?—( Hear, and cheers ) W eld to God it were riot in the other house, they would all offer a heartfelt prayer that they might return to a kindly feeling towards them. The storm which had bung over them was now about to burst, but they were in the hands of one who " Could controul the whirlwind and direct the etorm."—(Hear ) The trial he confessed had been a severe one, but still he hoped that they might work through, and if it WAS viewed right by the members of the establishment, he had no doubt but that they should occupy a proper situation, a si tuation superior to any which they had yet occupied.—(Cheers ) He was afraid that ire had too long trespassed on their atten tion, but he trusted that the occasion which brought them there this night, would prove his best apology for any prolixities of speech. He could only say as he had begun on behalf of his brethren the clergy, that he humbly thanked them.—(Loud cheering.) The CHAIRMAN said it was with great diffidence that he pro ..posed the next toast, insomuch as the noble, gallant, and dins .trions person whom he was about to g ive had always been his best of friends, end, therefore, he would rather that the toast ihad been given by souse other person less connected with him .than himself. He also regretted it, because he had not the 'ability to do justice to the West which he was about to give. He had known that illustrious personage ever since he had en tered the army, which was riot a very short period. (Cheers ) He knew hirn, and they all knew him to be a true friend to Isis country. He was ready to step forward, and always had been and ever would be so long as he had life and health to do it, in defence of his country either at home or abroad. The country, he hoped, would lung look up to that great man in time of need. It might yet happen that his exertions might be called forth again. Should they ever be placed in a general war again, there was no iodivrdual in this country they had to look to but the noble duke. (Great cheering.) The noble duke had beets opposed by the enemies of tine country ; he had been abused by them in all societies—all radical societies ;he had beers almsed ar.d held up to the populace ins inn object for their hatred and abhorrence. Could these people be called true Emenslimen ? could they possess any gratitude when they spoke of the noble duke in this way ? (Loud cries of " No.") But he was above all abuse—he was above all t h at the faction could do to lower him. (Loud cheering.) Let him go from one end of the king dom to the other at this very moment, and he would be most repturously and enthusiastically received. (Cheers.) He beg ged to propose •to them " the health of the Duke of Welling ton." The toast was given with fonr times four, with conserva tive honours. 'line CHAIRMAN next propoSed " the health of the Vice Pre sidents," which was given with three times threee. The Honourable HuGH CIIOLMONDELEY rose to respond to the toast on behalf of his bristlier Vice-presidents and himself, he begged to return them Isis most' sincere thanks for the kind manner in which they had drank Isis health. lie had no doubt thrust they would all concur with him inn the most hearty good wishes towards the cause they were all met to commemorates-- ( Hear.) With respect to himself, since the last year nothing had occurred to make any change in the sentiments he then ex pressed to them, but he could not •sit down without expressing his gratification at seeing himself surrounded by so nuineroiss and so respectable en assemblage, it was an earnest of the triumph of the conservative cause, which was progressing strongly throughout the whole of this great kingdom. (Loud cheering. If those- who identified themselves with the cause, if those who called themselves conservatives would but unite, if they would but think that this was no time to talk of slight and small differences of opinion, if they would but consent to sacrifice those fine and wire drawn differences, inn one word,' if they would but unite hand and heart and tight the common , Cause against the common foe, (Great cheering,) they would most assuredly succeed. • lie had only to repeat his ecknow merit for the honour they had conferred upon him, and begged most heartly to drink their good healths. (Cheers.) Loo COLE then rinse and said, as the Chairman had been kind enough to allow him to propose a toast, he would proceed to die so. It 'night be prefaced, that it was a toast that every Englishmen ought to drink. He would give " Protestant Ascendancy in Church and State." Given with three times three. (Cheers ) The CHAIRMAN begged to propose " Prosperity to Agricul ture and extension to Commerce," which was drank wills loud cheers. ' The CHAIRMAN would give a toast, which he was sure every person present, and every true Englishman, would drink with delight. It was the standing toast of thei r g ood and gracious Monarch, " The Land we lice in." Sir HICIIARD BiI ' OOKA begged to propose the health of friend of his, and a friend of his country, Lord Delamere. (Loud cheers!) LORD DELanieste, in responding to the toast, said, inn the first place,; be has to thank his friend, Sir Richard Brooks, for s i : o trifling was in g :the very kind manner in which he had propoSed Iris health, and Ise liad, to thank the company for the manner in which it bad been ,u : r received. they He had con conferred compliment n the more eratifving, as it led 'rim to hate the satisfaction . of thinking that he had their approbation inn the little in which h e had been able to do towards the preservation of thoee principles on which their Constitution WAS founded, and by which it must be maintained. Since he had last had the honour of address ing them, whatever had occurred inn Parliament or elsewhere, had only carried further conviction to his mind of the necessity and of the utility of such meetings as the present one—(cheers) —and he was delighted to find that they were becoming gene ral, or nearly so, throughout the kingdom; for, he trusted, nay, he felt confident, that they would be the means of stimulating to active exertion persons of all ranks and parties. (Cheers.) He' could assure them that he wished he was wrong ins that statement, that there was never a moment of time when exer tions of all sorts in this cause were more called for. For the Minister that was going about preaching a reform and changing all things, and disturbance of every class and description, had not -forsaken his vocation —but had been kept inn inese active play, he was sorry to say, by the assistance and connivance, i n fact; by the exertions of the present Government. (Hear and cheers.) Ile knew that the House of Peers, to whom they b a d done an honour that day, and Conservatives generally, would be proud to bear of it, though the House of Lords had done its duty, and, as he before said, nob l y done its duty—yet, without their assistance—without the vigorous and energetic exertions of the whole people of England—their cause would fail. (lean) It a-as not a trifling question that. was under consideration, es to whether whiz or tory should have the ascerularoy and rule the reigns of go v ern ment. The question Was of a far greater imp 'rt. Ile himself cared little whether of the two was at the head, provided the constitution of the country was not lost. (Hear.) Their state wins all that they honoured in the land, that was worth everything; ; their religion , their laws, their pro perty were all, as he before said, that they were no w contend in,: for, and if they were apathetic the y would lose theta. He was aware that he was trespassing - upon their time. (Loud cries of " Nis") He was aware that he was trying their pa tience—(" no")—on merely repeating what before hue had tine honour of addressing to them about this time last year ; b u t his mind was so convinced on this subject, and felt so P of England anxious for the cause itself, so firmly was he convinced, th,d nothing but the energetic exertions of the could bring them through the present scrape of the great cause they were engaged in, which he must pleads his excuse, and he had no other. (Cheers ) Tine assembe, there that day bee ' was most gratifying, and he fervently fr o m his.sunl wished them joy upon the occasion, and it delighted his heart to see the numbers sad respectability of those whom he now had e th agr e fl ho nour of addressing, Let them unite , as his son said ; then, en with him most perfectly ; but let them unite and let de a vour, and struggle to their utmost to relieve themselves from the difficulties into which they had been forced by a diabolical faction—(hear) —who wished but t o destroy the country, to nu nihilete their constitution, and to introduce a republie• (He If they did this, he had no doubt a s t o the event —they would ar.) succeed: 'perhaps this desirable event migh t n o t take P . lace in his time, but it would be the source of heart-felt comfort ton im self to think that those he left behind would enjoy the befits of a constitution founded on the basis of a most religious princi ple and upon a solid politico.; foundation. It would glad den his heart to think that they would all enjoy what had been his pride throughout his life, and which had rendered hina happy in living in a country which pre-eminently surpassed in haPP' - ness—in glory and inn power, in every human thing that could be mentioned, all the rest of the world. (Cheers.) The CIIAIRMAN begged to propose the health of Sir Harry Mainwaring and the Cheshire Hounds. (Given with Conser vetive honours.) Sir HARRY NIAINWARING returned thanks. He congratu lated the meeting that the company assembled was torch larger than on the preceding year, and be was certain, if conservatism went on spreading as it had done, that room would not hold them. But be wends] remind them that that was not to be as table,' by drinking success to their cause and cheering then it was to he effected by each member extolling himself in pro. curing votes and registering them, reecollecting that their opponents were working hard, Let them work hard, and the more they beat them, the greater would be their honour. (Loud cheers.) The CHAIRMAN ,then proposed the president elect , L ord de 'fabley, who responded to the toast :.s our reporter left the room, at half-past ten o'clock. - THEATRE RoTAL.—The romantic opera of " Fra Diavolo" was performed last evening. • The engagement of Mr. and Mrs Wood attracted a very fashionable and numerous audience, — The music was of a first-rate character, and reflects great cre dit upon Mr. Aldridge, the leader of the Orchestra. Mr. Wood - was in splendid voice, and quite at home. The opera itself was calculated to display the talents of this eminent singer to great • advantage. Mrs. Wood, however, was 'the great attraction. -- Her reception was most gratifying, and several times during the evening she was most rapturously encored. Mr. Brough, who has been also engaged, sustained his part with his usual ability. A series of operas will be brought out during Mr. and 511 s. Wood's engagement, which will afford a rich treat to the lovers of musical science. tt. CttottAs KEAN AND MR. STUART.—We are glad to see these gentlemen mentioned together in such honourable terms by a London contemporary, (the Observer.), The form©r is al ready known to a London audience, both by his father's fame and his own ; and the latter, , whenever opportunity may serve in the metropolis, needs only to be seen to meet success. The characters in which they are spoken of, are Othello, Kean klyo, Stuart—Lear, Kean ; litiyar, Stuart. LECTURES UN OPTICS, MECHANICS' iNsTrru rtoN. On Wednesday Evening, Robert Addams, Esq., of London, celebrated for his lectures on natural philosophy, commenced a course of ten lectures on optics. at the Mechanics' Institution, to a crowded audience, which he illustrated with a !member of beautiful and conclusive experiments. There are few lecturers who possess such an admirable collection of apparatus as that which Mr. Addams exhibits during his lectures. Light, he observed, is obtained from the luminous bodies of the heavens, and from the combustion of gaseous matter. In the latter, its intensity is dependent upon certain portions of solid matter contained in it. Thus coal gas is a compound of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most inflammable of al' gassis, but it burns with so feeble a light that we can scarcely see it ; but if we mix hydrogen with charcoal it will enter into combination with it, and produce the intense light we nightly observe in our streets. This intensity is owing to the ignition of the carbonaceous portion of the gas. Spirits of wine burns so feebly that we cannot discern the flame in the day time ; but if we mix with it any solid body, it will give increased light. This Mr. Addams satisfactorily demonstrated by sprinkling iron filings upon the flame caused by a sponge saturated with spirits of wine, which produced brilliant sparks of intense white light. Light may be also produced by motion—by rubbing one body upon another, especially if we take two pieces of flint or of lump sugar. If these be rebb .d together in a dark room, they will produce a pure white light, but faintish in intensity. That this was the case, Mr. Addams showed by rubbing two pieces of quartz (which may be called transparent flint) together; the light emitted was sufficieet to be readily seen in the lecture-room. Now it might be asked, in the first instance, how light is produced in this way ? N'Ve might say, in regard to time sun, that there is a fluid continually emitted from it which causes light ; but where is the light in the substances we rub ? How is that light produced ? Is it excited by the motion of rubbing, or does it exist in the mass of the body, and, if so. how is it brought out ? If we suppose it owing to motion, we shall then. by and bye, be able to connect it with a theory affording are explanation of the phenomenon. 'Mere are certain minerals which, if heated to a less degree than is requisite to make them red hot, will yield a pure and white light, resembling that emitted by the glowworm. Fluo ride of calcium, or Derbyshire spar, and phosphate of lime, are of this class ; Mr. Addams sprinkled some of their dust upon a heated iron-plate. which confirmed what he had advanced. After these particles have once emitted light in this manner, they will not again yield it upon a repetition of the experiment unless in the meantime a current of electricity be passed through them. This can only be explained by supposing that the particles undergo a change of shape during their heat ing, and that the vibration or motion attending this change of shape produces the light; that no change of shape attends the second heating, but that the electric shock, by restoring the crystalline particles to their original figures again, put them in a situation for undergoing a change on the application of heat. The lecturer saw no other mode of accounting fur these facts, unless by such a mode of reasoning. We may ask then what is the cause of light. It is a ques tion very easily put but not very easily answered. it has been commoa for persons to suppose that light is a form of matter, that it is constituted of minute atoms of matter, which are shot off from the sun, with the immense velocity of 192,000 miles in one second of time. Now it seems to us almost im possible to conceive that particles of matter so uncommonly small, can be made to travel with such a velocity, although we know nothing is impossible with the divine being. We know that if we take a quantity of gunpowder and put it into a can non, with a quantity of dust, we shall find upon the discharge of the powder, that the dust will be ejected a very short distance. Thus, if we diminish the particles of matter, the less will be its velocity. And how small must be the particles of light when they do not injure our eyes or any other article upon which they impinge with such great velocity. This notion is opposed by ma theory which considers light to be produced like sound, by a succession of waves set in !notion. It would appear absurd to say that sound assumed a shape or form. There is nothing setting out from the sun to our eyes, but simply waves put in motion. But what is put in motion, the theory of undu lation supposes that all nature throughout the universe, as well as the infinity of space, is filled with a very refined kind of fluid, millions of tinies finer than the common air we breath. This fluid is called (ether for want of a better term. Now this matter possesses such extreme elasticity, that if it be struck in any part, the tremor will pass through it at the t ate of 192,000 miles in a second, whilst sound only travels 1130 feet in time same time, in our atmosphere of mean density. Notwithstanding this inconceivable speed, it occupies Many years, nay centuries in coining from some of the luminous bodies in the heavens to our earth, and it is in reference to these bodies that we are able to ascertain the velocity of light. One of the principal methods by Whirls it is arrived at, is by observing the time at which the satellites of Jupiter are obscured, and noting the length of time durfng which they remain invisible to us. We find that at one period of time year, in the earth's revolution round the sun, we are much nearer to Jupiter than at another ; by ascertaining the difference between the time of the obscuration of the satellites, which takes place when the earth is farthest from, and nearest to Jupiter, we find the time which light takes in travel . - ling a distance equal to the two positions of the earth, at the two periods stated, and find this to be 192,000 miles In a second. This is only one of the proofs we have, Dr. Bradley describes another connected with the phenomena of the aberration of light. Now, according to the undulatory theory, the sun strikes the ,eether as a bell strikes the air ; that is, the sun may be always iii a state of vibration by heat, electric action, or other causes by which the material domain is put in motion in every direction .in a ; manner similar to the air when struck by a bell. This is the most reasonable method of explaining the action of light. From the phenomena of polarization and other proofs, we must suppose time atoms tnoving transversely while they are moving along, that is to say in alternate curves, like . the waves of the ocean. The waves of light vary in rapidity and length with their varied colours : red is the shortest and least rapid of the colours, and there are 39,180 red waves in an inch, which tra vel at the rate of 477 millions of millions of miles its one second. '!'lie violet wave travels fastest, proceeding at the rate of 699 millions of millions of miles in a second. The question now arises, which of the two theories should we adopt. To say that the sun gives out tome, would argue that it will be wasted in time. Let us see which of the theories will account for the most of the properties of which we find light to be possessed. The corpuscular theory is the older theory, which was adopted by Newton and his contemporaries ; whereas the unduletot y one is of comparatively modern standing. There are, altogether, 23 orders of phenomena to be accounted for in optics, such as time polarization of light, its motion, &c. The corpuscular theory only explains four out of these perfectly ; there are three imperfectly explained, one perfectly by a condi tion supposing that there is a repulsion taking place on the surface of a plate of metal—three imperfectly, by assuming coollitions—and twelve cannot be explained at all. By time un dulatory theory seventeen orders of these phenomena are ex plained perfectly, three imperfectly, one conditionally, there is no order left explained imperfectly with conditions, and only two which cannot he explained at all. Indeed these two have lately been explained. After this, the lecturer said he need not say which theory Ought to be adopted, that which explained satisfactorily seventeen orders of phenomena, or that which explained only four. The intensity of a light is the quantity of illumination it will produce. We often find it convenient to determine the differ ence of intensity between various lights. Suppose there existed a prejudice against the use of gaslights in favour of that of candles, it would be necessary to show time consumer that gas gave a greater quantity of light at less expense. To do this we must be able to compare the light of a candle with that of a gas hum. This will lead us to consider what is the de crease of light according to the distance of the luminous body, and then we shall get nearer a comparison. Now, suppos ing a.candle be placed at a given distance from a wall or piece of paper, it wouldethew a certain quantity of light upon the wall, but, if the candle be removed to a greater distance, it will not illuminate the wall as much as it did before. In fact, we find bra very simple experiment that the quantity of light is inversely, as the square of the distance of the luminous body. By this tneans we calculate the distances of the planets by no ticing- the -reflection . . whictr they cause at various distances. This is precisely what happens with regard to sound. and gave the idea of a photometer to Count Rumford. His method, es well asthma of Dr. Black, and other celebrated experimentalists, consisted .chiefly in intercepting time light from is candle and lamp by means Of some opaque body, mid then' noticing the difference of the shadows. l'he luminary occasioning the strongest shadow was removed to a greater distance, until the shadows cast by each light was exactly similar, then sup posihg one 'to be ten feet', and the other five feet from the inter cepting substance, these numbers. were squared, which spewed diet elle light at the greater, distance gave out 100 parts of light to 25 of the tither, endciiiiieqUently, that it was of fourtimes its intensity, variousingenjone contrivances have been devised by Dr. Ritchie and others, for facilitating this expeFiment, the apparatus (or which shewil and - explained by the talented lecturer. 'On Saturday evening fur. Aduanis continued, 'There e ir e'vatious - causeewhiele disturb the rectilinear motion always in time direction of 'of a ray of et A ray of light is the ratliUSOf a system of spiral waves, emanating in every pos sible direction from the luminous body, and would always pursue a perfectly straight oeuree, provided the media through which time waves arc propagated were of the mime density and elasti- Beteif these waves or 'undulee meet with a medium of ; mo ther density they will assume anew direction. if the op pesing medium be metal, we shall have a new eystein of waves propagated from its surface, passing off perhaps in a diagonal direction. Light. ansy• be supposed , to be reflected from any sur f a ce, even the air itself reflects a portion of light. We may safely say there is not any body which is visible but reflects a portitni of light, but the light bodies reflect snore than the dark, and so on. The law of reflection is this, that if a ray of light f a ll perpendicularly upon any reflecting surface, it will be re turned hack in the same direction, but if the ray make an angle with the surface of reflection, it will be reflected on the opposite side of a perpendicular, so as to make the angle of reflection equal to that of incidence. We must confine our observations to those bodies which ap pear lustrous, such as a piece of glass silvered at the back, or else a piece of polished metal, because, if we bold a piece of paper tip, we see the light the same in whatever way we hold it, but riot so with silvered glass or polished mend, if we hold them in one position We do not see the image of the light, hilt in another we do. To this description of surfaces therefore, the law previously given will out} , apply. According to the undulatory theory, reflection is caused by 'a change in the direction of the - ray of light, in consequence of the waves of light encountering a new medium of different elasticity. The density of the tetherial fluid yam ies in different bodies. It has before been observed that the space through which the heavenly bodies pass, is a void filled with this 'file pores of our atmosphere mare likewise filled with this tether, as well as Witter and every substance in stature. As the density of the medium is increased, so is the elasticity and the velocity of the waves of light diminished. Havin g explained the cause of reflection, it remains to be shown how light is only seen from it polished. mirror, in that angle ca l led the angle of reflection. Suppose two rays of light to fall diagonally upon an horieontal surface w h e n they touch , the plane th e r e will be a new system of waves generated, tint a reflection of a poetioe of the light, not of all, for a portion will pass into the opposing :mance, which will be gre ater or less por tion to the Stibitance of which it is comp osed. That of the rays which is reflected , will move on cession of circl es . When two rays are coming in d a own to m il - oblique direction, parallel to each other, it is necesssa.roy_i_p7s-8 vent the waves interfering with each other - , that theY, r n ho u s. 6 4 en over equal awes at the same period of ca lshort space to one ray has reached the surface, the other :silt: e me time first travel through before it reaches it, flaring w ratiteas arrived ray is passing off a t an b ogie. Whet' the becony at the surface, the first has. passed, brougli a short space , and other. This law the two rays ag a in proceed parallel to each fdi ris difficult to be understood me with the ai d o ag ams, but th e reader will tee that as it is necessary that c (I,mil spaces should be described by each ray, that time angle of lucidence will always Were there any differ be the same as the angle of reflection. ence in the spaces described by the different rays, one ray would destroy the other. The quantity of light reflected by different bodies, is exceed ingly variable, Some will reflect , one half, others not more OCT, 11, 1836, ANNUAL DINNER OF THE , CHESTER AND CHESHIRE CONSERVATIVE ASSOCIATION. Coy EXPRESS.) Yesterday the members of the above association dined toge ther at the Albion Hotel in Chester. The dinner was laid out 10 the large room of the hotel, which was tastefully hung and Ornamented with evergreens and flowers. At the top of the room a transverse table was placed, at which sat the invited guest*, and dovin the room three long tables were arranged, the whole capable of seating from 150 to 200 persons. The room was exceedingly well lighted with three large chandeliers, and Presented a very handsome appearance, the tables being ornamented with various descriptions of confectionery. Over the president's chair a very elegant and neat white flag was ,hung, bordered with gold, and bearing the inscript , on in gold le tters, " Pro Patria." Over the president's chair at the top of the rocou•wasat recess fitted up as an orchestra, which was also tastefully hung round with evergreens and flowers. An excel lent company of glee singers was in attendance, and sung man) lively king, glees, and catches. Lord Combermere acted as president for the day, and the Hon. Hu g h Chohnondeley and Sir Robert Cunliffe as vice presidents of the visitors' table, and R 11. Branson, Esq., of the centre table, arid J. W. Hammond, Esq., and Mr. Ford, as Vice - preaidents.of the side table. Amongst the gentlemen pre sent we obierved Lord De Tables, Lord Cole, M.P., Lord Delarnere,.Sir t hilip Egerton, Sir Harry Mainwaring, Hart., Sir RobertWilliatns Vaughan, Bart., of Nannader , Sir Richard,Brook e , B ar t., Willb r aliani Egerton, Esq , H. C. Cot t", Esq., C. Cholmondeley, Esq., T. ince. Esq , the Rev. J. Mainwaring, Captain Puleston, Randle Wilbraham, Esq„ Ran dle Wilbraham, jun., Esq., R. B Orton, Esq , C. Morrall , J. Lloyd, Esq., J. C. lutton, Esq ,G. B. Granville, Esq. General O'Loughlin, J. C. Glegg. Esq., &c. The dinner was ample and good, but the waiting was confus ed, which sometime s o bli ge d p a rties to wait before they could be accommodated. The trine was excellent, as was also the dese rt. _ _ . " Non nobis Domine'' After the cloth had been withdrawn, was sang,.tl►e company standing. The room. now looked exceedingly well, the gentlemen of the Association 'being adorned with the Conservative button, and wearing the medal of the Association. About 150 sat down to than one-thousandth part of the light impinging ❑pon them. We may, in some cases, increase the reflecting power, by ad ding to transparent bodies substances which have greater powers of reflection. Thus, if we coat the inside of a glass cylinder with paint, with the exception of a small portion, against which, the light of a lamp may be directed, we shall find, upon filling it with water, that the water will not be visi ble, but if a . few drops of milk be added to the water, light will. be reflected from it. Mr. Addams here exhibited a table computed by Mr. Potter, of Manchester, showing the amount of reflection in plate-glass mirrors of different angles of incidence, by which it appered that, as the angle increases, the greater number of rays are reflected, but under the most favourable circumstances, one•half of the rays will be lost.— This varies much in metal refl •ctors ; thus, inlspecula metal, used in the construction of observatory astronomical instru ments, the greater the angle of incidence, the less will be the quantity of light reflected. The following are a few of the most remarkable of the reflecting properties of different sub stances : Water, at the greatest possible angle of incidence, will re turn three quarters, and Glass two-thirds of the rays. Water, at the perpendicular incidence, will return only one-fifty-fifth ; whilst Glass will return one-fortieth ; and Mercury two-thirds of the rays. We thus gain more from metallic reflectors, at the rectangular incidence, than from other substances. If a light be reflected against a wall, it will be found that upon moving the reflector through a quarter of a circle, the image will have traverser) through double the distance. Sextants, quadrants, &c., are constructed on this principle, so that the whole of the heavens can be readily seen. If the surface of a reflector be convex or concave, the light will not be reflected as from a plane, but the law governing the circumstance will be the same. A concave reflector will bring all the rays into a speck of light at a given distance ; hut a convex reflector will spread them out in every direction. The concave reflector pro duces the same image which it received, which can be magni fied at pleasure. It is obvious that any lines drawn from the centre of concavity to the curve must be perpendicular to that part of the curve, because the radius of a circle is always per • pendicelar to the tangent of that point of the curve which it in tersects. All rays occurring in the direction of the axis of the mirror, are returned in the same direction. The focus where the rays will assemble, is always equal to one half of the radius of concavity of the mirror, with a little variation, hereafter to be noticed, according to the colour of the ray. When light is reflected, it belongs to that division of the science called Catoptrics, but when it is bent or refracted by passing through a body, it belongs to the division called Diop trics. If a portion of light be passed from one light into ano ther, where the density and elasticity of the other is much dif ferent, then the light will take a different direction, unless it fall at right angles. We will suppose that the light is passing through the 'wther of the air, and that it meets w►th a quantity of water. When a ray of light meets the water, a small por tion of it is reflected ; the remainder will enter the water. The instant it reaches the water, it is bent at the point of contact of the two media. This bend, like every operation of nature, is invariably certain and uniform. We find that where air and water are concerned, that, if the ray above he of such an angle, that the sign of that angle shell measure four feet, or inches, and that the sign of the angle of refraction shall measure three feet or incites, that is to say, the upper and lower angles are as four are to three. A ray of light may be reflected from the bottom of water in to the air. Suppose a polished plate of metal be placed at the bottom of a cistern, and the light of the sun falls upon it, the ray would be bent and carried out of the water in the same manner as in going in. The sane will happen to all transparent bodies that have higher refractive powers than the atmosphere, but in varying proportions. Tables are frequently given show ing the indices of refraction for various substances. These in dices are the quotients of the sign of incidence, divided by the sign of refraction. It is usual to consider the tingle of refrac tion as one, so that the angle of incidence will he one and a de cimal, which is called the index of refraction. Mr Addams illustrated the - retraction of water by throwing a ray of light into a glass cistern containing water. Owing to this refraction of water tire position of substances in it is apt to be mistaken and inexperienced individuals, in attempting to spear a salmon, almost invariably miss the fish by striking in the apparent rather than the real direction, besides which the fish appears much higher in the water than it really is. Mr. Addams illus trated this in a very curious and satisfactory manner. He placed a piece of lead, having a transparent point struck upon it, at the bottom of a tin trough, SO that it could not be seen by the audience whilst sitting down. When water was poured upon the lead sn as to cover the transparent point, it could be be seen by the audience without any alteration in their position. Another very demonstrative illustration of this refraction of light in water was presented by Mr. Addams, with which he concluded his lecture. If in a graduated disc of metal two tithes be placed, and tin angle be made with them equal to the angle of refraction, a person looking through one tube will be able, if the experitnent be properly conducted, to see through both tubes any article at the bottom of the water. We were glad to observe a number of scientific gentlemen present at this lecture—it proves that genuine talent is duly estimated in the town. CLERICAL LIBRARIES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL ST,INDIRD. Sia,—lam glad to observe that the subject of clerical libra. ries is exciting some notice. The disadvantages which the clergy generally, and students in particular, labour under is scarcely credible from the want of access to our literary treasures in divinity. They are, as it were, sealed books. In church history, for example, the re sources are so numerous that it would require a small fortune for a private individual to make an available collection. Mau) , of our theological students would be found very deficient in this department were they, like all candidates for holy orders in the Scottish Church, examined touching church history. Few per haps even of our elder ministers could write .such a work of extensive research as A. S. Patterson's "History of the Church from the Creation of the World to the beginning of the 19th Century ;" yet its pious and learned author died in the prime of life, being only twenty-five years of age. As supplying the necessary weapons to fight the adversaries of the church and religion, surely ready access to a valuable theological library would be signally useful The Romish clergy owe much of their authority to their deep learning, and are not, therefore, to be met by mere simple good intentions on . . .re part of their opponents. Something besides is wanting; the same weapons, the same learning; the fullest acquaintance with arguments that have already been advanced, and all the wisdom accumulated in the luminous pages of the fathers and all celebrated theologians. To what extent are we familiar with Calvin, Erasmus, Owen, Hall, the fathers of the church, and a host of others too numerous to name? I was reading the other day an extract from the visitation sermon, preached at Ampthill, Herts, in September, 1827, by the Rev. S. Piggott, Rector of Dunstable; as follows: " In these eventful times, we are particularly called upon to guard ourselves on three quarters, en which the chit rcli of Christ is besieged and attacked by formidable and deadly foes. Sentimentalism and infidelity have long attacked one flank of the host of God : Popery has still longer harrassed the other ; and now it fair but fatal liberality of sentiment is giving aid to both, by lifting up its weapons of scorn in defiance of the living God. The bulk of the refined part of the community are on. wittingly becoming Socinians in principle , and libertines i n practice. Scepticism is undermining all Christian faith in their minds, and ail religious principle in their actions, till they become indifferent to all religious opinions, and over reach the simple by the most fraudulent confederacies. Popery veils the truth and renders it contemptible, and thus prepares men to embrace Unitarianism or infidelity. We need protest against the Church of Rome as a system of idolatry. The in difference which our legislature has shown to the question of Popish idolatry. bode s the kingdom no good. The idolatr y of the Church of Route is a mere question of party a m on g u s , in stead of an abomination which we should fear to support. Popery is the poisonous Upas tree which scatters death. No thing but the grossest ignorance of its noxious influence could determine our miscalculating politicians to suffer it to be planted and flourish on British ground." How are the false notions of the people to be combatted, and the false positions of our enemies exploded, except we are pie pared, not only with the wisdom which is front above, but like wise with all intellectual stores Which have accumulated for .ages to the honour of religion. Are a few modern treatises all that is required ? Does theological knowledge lie in a nut shell? Is it wiser to trust to natural talents, and original think ing than to be troubled with learning how far our predecessors have gone, and wherein their strength lies ? Is it time enough to buckle on our armour, to prepare for the fight, to sound the alarm—when our enemies are up—in sight—hastening to our destruction! The Christian soldier should ever be guarded, whether in season or out of season. It is sincerely to be hoped, that something will soon be done to effect the establishing of a good library of divinity. I am, yours, &c. A LOVER OF LEARNING. THE WHIGS AND RADICALS AT HALIFAX.- , -(From a cor respondent.)—The whigs of Halifax, as is well known, had 'a feast on Friday last, and after dinner a great portion of the company drank to such excess that they got beastly intoxicat ed; and, as is usual in such cases, uproar, riot, and disfigured physioguomies followed; tables, chairs, decanters, and glasses were capsized, and the guests themselves lay sprawling upon the floor, in indescribable confusion. The radicals had their gathering on Monday, anti it is but justice to say that they cou ducted their business in a much snore becoming m anner than the whigs. No ladies were admitted at 2s. 6d. a-head—no gen tleinen drank brandy until they lost their equilibrajtooilitT:ior tables were upset with all the et ceteras which surface—no cracked heads, tattered .garmentssr arnklde:ttorted countenances; and, lastly, no disgusting and swine 1 e t t h in a g t to o exhi bition of wallowing in the filthy muckiness o ftheir own crea ation.—Standard. THE Doststow FLITCH OF BACON.---BArettyt the Dunmow Agricultural Society, Mr. t flitch, but that the s h h e e l r at s e a rn id e , formally and properly made to claim ) his regret he had heard that day thtahaat plication had been He did not know why demand had been resisted. (Cheers. oyous husband, the wife Walden S .. t l ocie y lad come occasions in Dunmow, the Saffron that objection was made, but when there were no such joyous and be joined with ' wh v ic l h ay w e e r the a in nd to c h itakeld, couldth e place, cama a a s n d candidates,t lie r t e th . e .i _ . Walden and Dunmow Some in harmony and concord. (Cheers.) gave th e Esterrise Herald short a a follows u had been allud d Mr. e find aid , r o e s p t o h r e t efild'iht inflitch e to, he begged to d of as offer a flitch to be dispose the committee of Dunmow might think fit. (Loud cheers and laughter.) Mr. Brewsher hoped they would allow him to propose that the pig should be s h of baco fed by a member of the society, and the flitch cured at Dunmow. (Cheers.) Mr. Fuller said he should be glad to receive pro posals froth any gentleman in Dunmow to provide a flitch, fat tened by a member of the society, to 'be produced about that time twelve months. Mr. Wade said, as Mr. Player had given th e m a flitch, lie (Mr. W.) promised there should be no gam 'non in giving it away. (Cheers and laughter.) He was afraid they would not be able to produce a loving couple in Little Dunmow to claim it, but perhaps they should from some other place." Letters front Bombay state, that an Agricultural Association had been formed in that Presidency, to encourage the growth of Sugar, the culti va ti on o f t h e M u lb erry, an d gro wth of Wool; the first report is of a very enc o uraging character. A certain venerable gentleman, an artist, known to fame, and honoured by the addition of B.A. to his highly respectable name, was, a day or two since, walking in the neighbourhood of Soho- Nuare, and became mach surprised at seeing a wretched daub exhibited at a shop window for sale, with a placard fixed upon it, saying, "This fine original picture of Bacchus and Ariadne, by _ (the artist above referred to,) only twenty . . guineas." This was toe bad—the sight of his name to a production which would almost have shamed a painter of teaboards was too much : for the philosophy of Mr.—. He went into the shop, and assured by the proprietor that the picture was "an t s o u rili r na i l n .; "Then, Sir," said the old gentleman, h to my pen" name to be disgraced by such a thing being as h ou li the can ! cll." With these words he dashed his stick t r it. effect as dose with such vass of the painting, and repeated the stormed, the artisttook nearly to destroy it. The picture-deale r ou " I willrinood tte leaving his card on the mans counte . 11 , it quietly, and his leave, first going rh...._tgehaintghepacpeer,e.mony of SECOND EDITION:'", Standard Office, Three o'Clocki' LIVERPOOL MARKETS.:. CORN EXCHANGE.—TUES DAY, OCT. The supplies of each article in the trade'l*e_ moderate ; during the past week there active demand for old WTheat to millers, and for ship ment to Scotland, at an advance of 2d to 3d per 701bs since this day week, and new Wheat at to-day's market was ld to 2d higher. Old Oats were ld dearer and new in good demand, at 3s Gd a3s 7d per 451bs. Beans 3s a 4s per quarter higher. Barley in good demand at 4s Gd a4s 10d per 601bs for grinding, and 4s I Id a 5s for Malting. Old Meal advanced is per 2401bs with little offering. We had a good sale for flour at last week's prices, principally for prime seconds. The imports of Butter 9,399 firkins. Speculators have come into the market, and we are firm at our quotations. PRICES. BEANS, Imp. mea. s d s d Irish ....... 44 0 ®45 0 FLoun, V 280 tbs. Eng.Mrishsup. 40 0 .. 44 0 Do. fines 37 0.. 40 0 Do. seconds .... 30 0 .. 35 0 Do. thirds...... 0 0.. 0 0 MEAL,24O3bs. new 29 0 .. 30 0 Do. old 24 0 .. 28 0 BRAN, V 2453... OF BUTTER, &c. 1 3.. 1 5 SD 9 D Bacon, •:' cwt 48 0 6 52 0 Hams, dry 5O 0 .. 53 0 Do. wet — 0 .. 0 Firkin Lard, Bladdered do 66 0 .. 68 0 Grease Butter I'rirne Mess Beef, 'tierce, 98 0 ..110 0 Prime Mess Pork, 49' barrel, 70 0 .. 75 0 AN ERAG. WitrAT, ,tif 70 lbs. s d s d Irish dried red.. 6 6 a 7 (1 Do. dried white, 6 6 .. 7 4 Do.undried new 6 4.. 6 9 English .. 7 9.. 8 6 Canada...... 0 0 .. 0 0 OATS, V 45 lbs... Irish BARLEY, If 60 lbs Irish grinding 4 6.. 4 10 AVERAGE PRIC S D S DI Banbridge ...... 96 00 98 0 Waterford, new.• 96 0,-102 0 Colerain 94 0 .. 96 01 Carlow, Limerick ...... Belfast 99 0 ..102 0 Derry Cork, 2ds, Newry. Dundalk 0 .. 0 Sligo 93 0..102 0 SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. FRIDAY, OCT. 11.—Noon, Wind N.W.—Fair. (High Water 11h 53m.) ARRIVED—The Traveller, Pellott, from Paraiba—Sheffield, Allen, from New York. Corsair, Irwin; Victoria, M'Alpine ; and Arethusa, Whyte, hence, at Barbados. The Ocean, Briggs, hence,at New Orleans. Victoria, Candler; and Martha, Greaton, hence, at Charleston. Ganges, Jones, hence, at Virginia. Colossus, Wiley ; Alleghany, Michaels ; North America; and Benj Morgan, Snow, hence, at Philadelphia. Platina, Bosworth ; and Colchis, Knight, hence, at Baltimore. Rome, Davis ; and Nimrod, Patterson, hence, Boston. Pennsylvania. Smith, 21st Sept. ; South America, Waterman, 21st ; Carroll of Carrollton, Bird, 21st ; Oceanus, Prince, 22d ; Alfred, Chet ver, 22d ; and Michigan, Badger, hence, at New York. Philadelphia, Morgan, from London at ditto. Yazoo, Eldridge, from New Orleans at ditto. Oxford, Minot, hence, at Portland. Robert Watt, Dallemore, hence, at St. Andrew's. Emerald, Campbell, hence, at St. John, N.B. Lady Dunmore, Pentreath, hence, at Liverpool, N.S. Sir Walter Scott, Young ; Bradshaw, Milroy ; Syllerie, M'Clelland ; John and Robert, M'Kechnie ; Margaret, Weakner ; Ann, Cape ; Anne Eliza and Jane, Newtrop ; Alcyne, Muir • Volum', Seaton, hence, and Lockwoods, M'Kie, from New York, at Quebec. Ellen German, Blundell, hence, at Leghorn. Arethusa, Turner, hence, at Marseilles. LONGEVITY.—Ann Mitcnell, a widow, died a few days ago, at Bosham, near Chichester, at the age of 100 years. The old lady retained her faculties to the last, and onlast Easter Sun day walked to church attired in the wedding gown in which she had been married 80 years before.—Times. The papers from the Windward Islands do not contain muck of importance; the princi y al subject alluded to them is emigra tier), not from Europe, but the several islands to British Guiana, and it is expected to Trinidad and this island. The importation of liberated Africans—the reduction of military garrisons in some of the islands, as preparatory, no doubt, to a general change in that department. A dinner to Lord Brougham is getting up in Edinburgh. A requisition has been signed by many hundreds of the citizens and Liberals of all shades; and we understand that to-morrow morning a deputation leaves Edinburgh for Brougham Hall, to present the same to his Lordship. The deputation named consists of Bailie Macfarlane, Mr. W. Tait, Mr. A. Millar, (late) and Mr. A. Thompson (present) Master of the Merchant Company.—Caledonian Mercury. In the kitchen garden of Earl Stanhope, at Cbevening, in Kent, is a muscadine vine, which was reared from a cutting 34 years ago by his present gardiner, Mr. George Fender. It now extends over a space of 158 feet in length, and bears this year 2,040 bunches of grapes. Another vine of the same sort, and planted at the same time, a short distance from it, is only of the ordinary size.— Ti 17113- EXAMPLE To Wivas.—There is something very manly (says a Canadian :paper) about the following advertisement, pub lished lately in Portland by one of the fair sex :—" This is to certify, that I, Elizabeth Wright, wife of George Wright, have left his bed and board on account of his misconduct. I do, therefore, give up all right and title to him for life, as I flatter myself that I can take care of myself, Ls I have always done, same and before marriage. MAN AN ORGAN.—If I were to compare the human ma chine to a contrivance of art, I should choose for my foundation a large organ, wherein the bellows answer to the animal circu lation, the pipes to the organs of sensation and reflection, and the organist to the mind. But the organist here does not make all the music, for the pipes are so contrived as to sound with the striking of things external upon them, or by the mere working of the bellows, which plays as it were by clock-work without a blower.— Tucker's Light of Nature pursued. CLIMATE OF THE CAPE.—In a recent letter from Sir John Herschel, full of astronomical investigations, the learned phi losopher says—" You may form some idea of this climate, as regards clearness of sky, from what was told me by our profes sional governor, Colonel Bell—viz., that out of 42 successive days he had been only three times disappointed in finding Venus with the naked eye in broad sunshine. At 9 p.m. I read with ease, a few nights ago, the most involved parts of a lady's closely-crossed letter by the light of an eclipsed moon, then near the zenith."— Times. SPINNERS' STRIKE.—We are happy to have to state, that the dispute between the principal master spinners of Bolton, and their journeymen spinners has been amicably adjusted. The men requested 12 3 / 4 per cent. advance on the present prices for spinning, and the masters have handsomely conceded 5 per cent., and to abolish the payment for roving winding, which will make a difference of about 7 3 / 4 per cent. in favour of the men. We hope the workmen will duly appreciate the kindness of their employers in the present instance, and that the most perfect unanimity will be produced.—Bolton Chronicle. The following curious experiment has been tried with success on a mountain called Teufelsberg, near the village of Philipps sthal, within the Prussian States. It became desirable to get rid of a large rock, and in order to avoid the immense expense of the ordinary means, it was resolved to try the effect of at mospheric electricity. To this end a deep bole was made in the rock, and from it was raised a bar of iron 28 feet high. At the first thunder-storm that ensued, the lightning was attracted by the iron bar, conducted in the rock, which it shattered to pieces, and•was afterwards easily carried away.—German paper. GIN-DRINKING IN THE METRoPOLIS.--From the foot of Pentonville-hill to King's-cross, a distance of about 10 ni 0 yardast s, th ere are three first-rate gin-p a laces. On Sunday morng l a gentleman took the trouble of ascertaining the numbers which were "turned out" from each gin-shop at the hour of closing, eleven o'clock. From the gin-shop known as the Maidenhead, 93, including women; from the White Hart, 76; and from the Bell Tavern, at the foot of Pentonville-hill, 127 ! Out of the 296 thus vomited forth, 100 were quite drunk; another hundred stupid; an d the remaining 96 ha d scarce ly sufficient brains left to enable them to stagger home. What a sweet picture of " the Age of Intellect !"—Standard. • SEA ts.—The seal of the Begs of Moldavia and Wallachia, on their decrees and letters, and the arms placed over the gates of their palaces, churches, and peculiar, covenants, is simply a bull's head, said to be in honour of St. Mark the Evangelist. The seal of the Cral of the Poles, impressed on their battle axes, Sc., , is an eagle with two heads ; and the seal of the Mus-• covite Emperor is the same, said to be in honour of St. John the Evangelist. The impression on the gold, iilver, and cop per coins, is, on one side, an eagle with two heads, and, on the other, the Emperor riding on a horse, under the feet of which is a kind of dragon, which the Emperor is sticking with a spear, after the manner of St. George.—Mirror. THE WOMEN OF THE LEGION.—The specimens of the British "fair sex" brought over by the Legion, were certainly not cal culated to impress the Spaniards with high notions of our female beauty, and their tattered appearance, with dirty straw bonnets and blowsy mob-caps, was enough to astonish the trim senoras, and put into their mouths the often repeated question, " Whe ther all women in England were like these ?"The tribes of shoeless Moll Flaggons from the Green Isle, who came over with our Irish regiments, are past all description, and the figure they cut in the rear of a battalion on march, with a pyramid of babes on their backs, and a couple trotting on each side, was singularly. marvellous in the eyes of the natives, who at last looked upon them as a regular and necessary adjunct to the British Legion,.or as a supernumerary company of wives and washerwomen to each regiment. How the numbers that came up with the convoy contrived to subsist on the march, I never could divine; for as their presence with the troops, at that pe riod, was contrary to orders, they were allowed no t ratio of are nd were totally without money, haying had no opportunity d ceiving any from their husbands fur the last six weeks. An vet they trudged along through dust and mire, in fair weatherre and in 'foul, for many a weary league, with light hearts amp red cheeks, bidding defiance alike to the order of the G a en t er d besets-, the accumulating hardships of the road, until the Weal pie," said Mr. f L a e c si ti j o o n n. of passing the gates of Vittoria.— Twelve )Alhonths in the PARTICULARS OF PIE-MAKING. — the rgy pie men Weller, soliloquising, as he arranged t hen s ) on't they, " Wery good thing is a weal pie, • and alter all, though, sp i a N sl y. V sp g b ll o e a . 5 ' t A n . n . a o ah t u n be : ? ‘r : s .i a 6 s t ‘ h a, sy s hhee That t i n ri s l e a n s e o v n e made it, and is quite sure it an' t, the same where's the odds, when they're plied Mr. Weller, touchingr, themselves don't knowinhtlisserkoni using , d a i t fr n e el r hw g e e ' , n e eat: a ‘ el , l at oN :kt d :n og i e: te t:v d ; )nt n eh y r re- Sam?"said Mr. Pickwick,ii house with a pieman t o o n o ce• lvake -t an e."' d . a wery nice man he was— pies out anything he could_ reg'lar clever chap: cats)hmou, keep, Mr. Broofts,' says I, when Ah, says he, l i do a good many,' y must be wery fond o' cats, says I. Other says he : , sa ys he, a winkin at me; they an' tin season till the beapa i rty to th an winter, thou h , •. „ ' says I. No,' r fruits is in, cats is out.' Why, what do von mean?' ir k nation o' the butchers to keep up the price o' meat,' says saga h i e, a he. ' Mr. Weller, says he, squeezing my hand wery hard, and vispering in my ear—' don't mention this here agin, but it's the seaso nin' as does it. They're all made o ' th e m noble animals,' s ays he, a pointing to wery nice little tabby kitten, and I sea son 'em for beef steak, weal, or kidney 'cordin to the demand; and more than that,' says he, I can make a weal a beef stake , or a beef steak a kidney, or any onen notice, just as the market eh , must have been a very ingeniousa n' n e e o s)a,oud m a mutton,na e gp mpatni t e at a ,t swary at,r y v sam .7e He said • Mr. Pickwick, with a alight shudder.—Pickwick papers. I atts