The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-04-04 00:00:00

`SD .Y, APRIL 4, 1854. Marital. k C u ts ; l C EP . I N G . --An experienced FANT, having part of the week disengaged, in BOOK-KEEPING 'kqAoli M e U i lc t ; ss o i n st m an o c d e erate terms.—Address Ird-office, Liverpool. e 4 RAMMAR SCHOOL, SENELEY kt ! ASHTON, NEAR WIGAN. of4dow,,...2LASTER WANTED. ti e llra;' e nt is at present .e4O per Annum, exclu- W in t • Greek Latin , and English are required Writing, Arithmetic, and the Modern .N t ;le Paid for ; and the Master may take Boarders ^',l4 4 ,Noytl• The neighbourhood is extenstye, and 04 RI, Eat to a Clergyman of small income. yO4 RI, i n holy orders, must be members of the A tt , to g alo l. — Applications, with Testimonials, to be T ru . :! . . JAMES BILLINUE Ashton, near Wigan, "ee, on or before the ls't of May next. 1 ,44,)0 eontriats. , i l l 4 & XORTIIWESTERN RAILWAY 1 1.1ii tt l : N 3 ,., NOTICE TO BUILDERS. QP t ,Y' s ,."N AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY 1:S", ) !I Prepared to receive TENDERS for the kq„„ a WAOGON SHED, tt their Works, at ilte r , 4 °Al• Plans and Specifications may be seen at liVesd'ffi.ee, Warrington. Otp, erg, marked " Tenders for Waggon Shed, oe for to the unctersigned not later than 1 44 . t. tt, t a :th April next. Tht Directors do not bind art eeigt the lowest Temler. H. BOOTH, Secretary. 11 0 Nation Liverpool, '2s ll th March, 1854. s. Ar t Nth`pr E RS.—The LONDON andNORTII- P Akv,Ab ‘ _RAILWAY COMPANY are prepared to for Erection of TWO WAREHOUSES P‘it h I. ''.IRD , t at thcir Waterloo Goods Station, at S • abed reifications may be seen at the Office of the Vllt4tli4 s lnde-street Station, Liverpool, on and after tem-,a instant. si d aq 0 7 4 , to be seat to the Secretary, ntft later than Llt t t ett next. 1 41 % & . ::::: not bind themselves to accept the lowest . .tt r ._ e t • H. BOOTH, Secretary. ‘-tatton, Liverpool, 22nd March, 1834. utation. li 4 eLA ‘,. SSICAL AND COMMERCIAL ,`40, - „tgr e A,VERTREF., NEAR LIVERPOOL.—The 441 41.Tr t i , TON, M.A. of Christ Church, Oxford, Vti k ' Ch ' 0 ellsuing Midsummer Vacation, UNITING 1111 e VER' in • SCHOYLE GARLAND, of the tittriio • V44,„'ne r .11, in conducting the above Establish- Ptrticulars may be known on application to 2 " March, 3 18 - 4 . )i () Intsurance Noticm. , t4vi s e ( ll UNION TIRE INSURANCE CA - p4 , ,IKTY EST k BUSHED 1821. Vi ' t 'CAL I ,o lltl o TRUSTEES. 'OO4 l li,:. Lord Hasting s Edwd. Wenham Martin, Ersq. % rl Jarc i r le ' . Thomas Amyot, Esq. , 4 Cey , '''e, Knt. ' , Henry Brown, Esq. Sq. &C. &C. &C. ,!i, ,„ DIRECTORS. N;ticte -Pretident—Ant tinny Hudson, Esq. E ysn 4t— Lieut.-G-eneral Sir Robert John Harvey, CiE. 11Vf -s ' Each Chas- !`.George Durant, Esq. b the Diocese of ;Robert John Harvey Harvey, k'St i4 q,: NI lir a Virt, E sq. 1 Es q . Sir William Foster, Bart. \ 1 kewl t° , i n tscl., R.N. Henry S. Patteson, Esq. kb `John Wright, Esq. °l li -1i SAMUEL BIGNOLD, Esq., Secretary. 1 ' t kjle 'l are respect fully-reminded, that all Insurances 1 / 4 tilki4,tiltisLlVEßPOOL AGENCY o 6 n .It ac e h 2 an t g li e- d a tg ea l 0 v i. : i p. bek l re be t r e id a pt,.t, the O ffice, day of April instant, .or the IN 4 e ase to be liable; fer the sums ins_ur y e e d inmentior ki) t h, IRO Paid £74,03755. Ild. Duty to Go / Lks:' 4 "4i ''s during the •s the year, £9,066,080 Farming 11 4 ° § 'h r i % Pree a Duty. NO n,,•the public approbation of the principles and 'tie eompang, it -may be sufficient to state that IN,_ w exceeds St?rrir MiLtioNS. • ~_ ROBERT NEILSON, , A " { JOHN ANDERSSON. 'U.l‘ I d' tl4_, " 1) - "ru01, AND LONDON FIRE ~, LI D) , '43,`,„t; INSURANCE COMPANY. VA L, TWO MILLIONS. 3 1 ,„ 'IIIr,,,'RTkEIARHED IN 1836. ' V 44 , 7, ' ull 'ered . by . AFts Ec of Parliament. 4-8 -SPRIET, LIVERPOOL, 2 0 A. „ 'AND „.. ' 41 , POULTRY, LONDON. go d ,. Si r ..,„ TRUSTEES. 68 0ry ' nomas Bernard Birch, Bart. , E sq. Samuel Henry Thompson, Esq. Chei,) , l RECTO as ,1 , 14 LIVERPOOL. 1,, "'nazi—Thomas Brocklebank, Esq. - m Depxty-Ohairinen. e. F:vrart, Esq:lind Francis Haywood, Esq. ' Se cretary —Swinton Boult, Esq. 1 4,,,, eh ai bIRECTO RS all LONDON. li e . 1 1-e i rtßaß—Mattliew Forster, Esq. ' i de' a irman--George Frederick Young, Esq. 1.1,t Sec retary—Beuiainin Henderson, Esq. 10014APITAL AND RESOURCES. ~ . Of capital subscribed exceeds £1,500,000. al: // 2 ,„..... r , 1854. lk 1 5 0 Ca pital paid up and in course I 9 "DaYment. .6201.322 10 6 ' I) .S A ccuMulated Funds together 465,402 8 3 11 , 4411 1 '1 3 • . • lity°f the ..... Together -lON. £666,724 18 3 111 1 1 % _ ... CONSTIT UT OlNk en tire body of Shareholders unlimited. pt i .3 . 3Z l t I N ,, F IRE DEPARTMENT. lb R ." REu ACLU'S:ST I 9 . 2 s OR DAM AGE BY FIRE \lb " C ''INODOM THE - WIITISH CO . LONIES, AND F: 4 I!I ° "TRIEs ' k 'l '3 STOCK INSURED at 3s. PER CENT. I Vt„ in 1 1) 1 ,%7 e ceived tA e <itihe k ßl7 were .1 1.987 ,in 1442, 113,804. .tit: , , l / 4 e'r , .t . 49,402 1852, 98,655. 4 0, - 10 ' l re Policies with Mit aimpany expire on NO V ; gre Same will tf ll • -Met 'receipts for <4„, h e pe . e tA fund '1 La ndon, will be atr Head Offices in tf and in the hands of the respective let 4: ? e p r Pr i it. 4 LIFE DEPARTMENT. , e1 4 14 1 C14 . R5, IMMEDIATE OR DETERRED. N VI 1 . ...n1i , 8 ISSUED FREE O,F STAMP DUTY. th i p,i 4 4 / 7 t o e celvedsm Life . Polic . tes amounted ki t h5t(),,..0.Z11:719 TO 118845 i. to o 0 "5 3 0: 1 8 6 0 3 01 tll,Atips'4 THE COMPANY ARE GUARANTEED ‘s ' ) lii In t c l HE POLICIES ARE ISSUED. A h pay,:(lk a . , Australian Colonies, British America, k •ieti;4%;'ett o r, without extra charge. Great facilities / r ,., tif ,xte 4i . renewal premiums are afforded by the 701,,°ria t ''e system of Foreign Agencies. ' °Vitf i t o ,: ° ,n maybe had on application at the Offices liksttchi T s an of the Agents. OUI.T, Secretary to the Company. A --"""e"."'""•.-----tr 44, 11ARMONIO SOCIETY. 11 47 - 4, EL.s MESSIAH.o ti „ . "DRED VOICES AND ORGAN. 7148 EVENING, APRIL 4. ONE ------- 11 1 E SHILLING. IIIVt111)0 SI N L Q , OL ADELPHI LOAN c - 380 c ATtoN. 40) °mPLETELYI R 1 14 11 . O l ti t .t .. •,C,A,„PITAL R EGISTERED. 11h D®F I CE . - . vE NSHAW-STREET, LIVERPOOL. N - Gb •• -, sT. JOHN'S- PARADE. BYROM ti.,AzsiI„STREET, MANCHESTER. _, tl' i lte ia rity , Z il Lf.to the amount of .el,OOO, on approved klq::1 a l) , VII the shortest possible notice. ( It tli Pl44.lt(Pne:l‘ Tra o aZag e N r "Pecretaries, ~ 4, Rens haw -street, Liverpool. Lb i lV ) , l'lt A , lk-hikill. that ''' 4- T.--NOTICE IS HEREBY I t rti tr , Jowl P RATT, i n employ , has IA 4 1)4 ' , RI) • lately o u r . . ltP v t- c ' t Y Wi lit 7 v d e Is no longer authorised to act ' for v ii,!!te r , r (4 ts a W ILLMER and SMITH, i 1834 ha . ' 4 Prop/Imm pr the Di r e poo l Chronicle. Kibcrpoot ::ztanbarb+ TUESDAY MORNING, APRIL 4,1854. EXTENSION OF BRITISH COMMERCE. IN commenting last week on the means which may be employed for the further extension of the commerce of Liverpool, we referred more especially to the colonies of Canada and Australia, two of the most improving possessions of the empire of Great Britain, and presenting facilities for the increase both of imports, and exports of which it is almost impossible to over-estimate the importance. One of the great advantages to be gained from the settlement and more general -cultivation of the fertile fields of Canada would be the establishment of a source whence ample supplies might be drawn of wheat and flour, and this country thereby ren dered more and more independent of other nations —with whom we may some time possibly be at war—for the food of its population. There is no system of policy more subversive of national safety than that by which any portion of the people have to rely for sustenance on the produce of other countries ; for in that case a war, however -occa sioned, would prove a far more serious affair than the contest of rival powers, and might lead.'to dis honourable concessions through the pressure of dreaded scarcity. Next in importance to independence in the !supply of food, is that of raw material for our staple manufactures. This has been accomplished with regard to wool, by.the large production , of superior quality in the colony of Australia . ; but of far greater consequence would be a supply of cotton, without the necessity of relying upon the growth of the United States of America. It is true that the supply hitherto has been abundatt, equal with that derived from other sources, to the vast require ments of our manufactures ; but the trade has become of such magnitude as to render it one of national interest, -and should therefore be placed on a more satisfactory basis than to be subject, as it is at present, to contingencies which might prove seriously detrimental to our commercial greatness. Hitherto America has found in Liverpool a market for the raw material superior to all the rest of the world, and has also drawn her supplies of the manu factured article chiefly from the looms of Manches ter ; but there are many circumstances which may interfere, in a material degree, with the prospects for the future. The planters, in'the pride of their recently acquired. riches, from the productiveness of two or three successive seasons, are already looking with envious eyes on the small share of profit enjoyed Ville merchants dfLiverpool, whose capital and enterprise have given value and stability to the trade. They would, if they knew how to accomplish their object, monopolise all the profit ; and have more then once deliberated on the feasi bility of establishirs g some other wart, whence the manufacturers might derive their supplies, inde pendent of the middlemen of Liverpool. Hitherto they have been unsuccessful, but the contemplation .of such a project shows that it,is want of means, :and not want of will, which prevents its accomplish:. ment, and which is only delayed ,until Liverpool interests can safely be sacrificed to American cupi- Zity. One attempt of the kind resulted in the -enormous swindle of the United States Bank, by Which American credit was almost-shaken to its foundation ; and a siniilar one may ,again expose the interests of commerce to the same monster danger. Another contingency to whidh the cotton trade is liable is the greater rivalry, of other mar kets, , owing to the increase of continental manu factures. This is already beginning to .operate on the comparative superiority of Great Britain in the list of ,exports from America, which will only be maintained by considerations of price.; so that we may anticipate, as the means,of manufactuw on the continent are extended, that our supplies will have to be maintained at an enhanced cost of the raw material. There is also the increasing consumption of the United. states for home manufacture, which will operate in a twofold direction, not only in diminishing the supply of raw cation, but:in les sening the demand for the manufactured article. These eousideratiompaturally excited attention, some few years be- the necessity of endeavour ing to provide new sources of supply for the manufacturing 'industry of this country ; and the Government was applied to in vain for official investigation into the capabilities of India for the production of cotton. The late two or three sea sons, however, proving favourable, the crops having been unprecedentedly large, the question was for a time allowed to rest ; but if is not the less impor tant, though its realisation may not be so appa rently urgent. In the vast dominions of the East Indies, Great Britain possesses a source of wealth which ought to render her independent of every other state for ample supplies of every natural production. Im mense extent of space, every possible variety of soil and climate, and labour cheap and abundant, would seem to require but littleto develope resources beyond the wildest dreams of the imagination. In the hands of its semi-barbarian rulers, India was the scene of almost fabulous splendour ; but, unfor tunately, its management has been entrusted to a. Company the genius of which is simply self-interest; and while its native inhabitants are kept in the lowest moral and social condition, its resources are barely sufficient to pay the expenses of the enor mous establishment employed in keeping posses sion. Were India submitted to Imperial govern ment, and its resources thrown open to British capital and enterprise, it would form a far wider field for commerce than all we now enjoy ; and thence we might look for a supply of cotton, which might at least place the manufacturers of Lanca shire far more in a position of independence with reference to the United States than they are at present. It may be urged, as it often has been, that the quality of Indian cotton is not equal to that grown in the southern states of America, nor so well suited to the purposes of our manufactures. This may be true with reference to particular descriptions, but will not, therefore, apply to the great bulk of our requirements. It should also be remembered that little has been done for the im provement of cotton cultivation in India, in the choice of the most favourable localities, and the application of skill and industry to the most perfect development of the means within our power. Had ' the same pains been bestowed on the culture of cotton as in this country are ordinarily devoted to the growth of flowers and fruits, India might long since have rivalled America, both in quality and cheapness. This latter advantage has, however, been seriously interfered with by that system of government which has proved a heavy incubus on all progression in India. While American cotton is admitted to importation free of all duties, and the revenue derives no gain from its transit either to or fro, the East India Company is permitted to saddle the growth of our own possessions with taxation which, except in favourable seasons and high markets, here operates as a prohibition. This is not only impolitic but unjust, as it is evident that if, without any further improvement in culti vation or conveniences of transit from the interior to ports of shipment, Indian cotton were relieved from the burden of . the Company's taxation, it might prove an important source of supply for our manufacturers, as well as of profit for our mer chants. It was but a small step in advance, if; indeed, it was any progress at all, when the Govern ment partially remodelled the East India Company, by reducing the number of directors, and slightly diminishing the enormous amount of patronage which they had so long enjoyed ; but nothing effectual will be accomplished until India is governed by a policy which perceives that the interests of the present are best consulted by provision for the future, a policy totally distinct from the present narrow and selfish system which cares nothing for the future, so long as present dividends and present salaries can be paid. The East India Company commenced their career as an association of mer chant adventurers for trading purposes. In process of time they became military conquerors and poli tical rulers. They were deprived of their trading fundions, and now it only remains to restore into the hands of the Imperial Government the power which the directors have shown themselves so incapable of wielding. The capital and enterprise of Liverpool might then furnish a new Company, with the sole object of developing tht commercial resources of India, 'irrespective of any political object ; and we might then hope to see a realisa tion of those anticipations which would render this country really independent, not only for raw mate rial for our manufactures, but for a consuming population, which would find abundant employ ment for all ourmanfacturing industry. TO CORRESPONDENTS. 13- We shall be happy, at all times, to receive communica tons on subjects of local or general interest. BOOKS, ail., FOR REVIEW, may be left at Mr. C. Mitchell's, Red Lion-court, Fleet-street, London, addressed "to the Editor of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD," when they will be forwarded and receive attention. Letters addressed to the Editor should be accompanied by the real name and address of the writer, not for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith ; this is indispensably re quisite in any statement of facts. The Editor wishes it to be understood that lie does not hold himself responsible for the opinions or statements of his correspondents. TheANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION to the LIVERPOOL STANDARD is 20s. Li advance—or 225. on credit. STANDARD GENERAL PRINTING OFF ICE, 4, ST. GEORGE'S-CRESc'ENT, LORD-STREET, LIVERPOOL. LETTERPRESS PRINTING of every description, including PAMPHLETS, FORMS, - INVOICES, aERMONS, BILLS OF LAIANG, CUSTOM-HOUSE REPORTS, CARDS, ENTRIES, CATALOGUES, CIRCULARS, &C. &C., SHAREROKERS' POSTING BILLS OF Booxs, , EVERY SIZE, EXECUTED WITH THE GREATEST PROMPTITUDE. In Stock, and Nianufactued to Order, LEDGERS, DAY BOOKS, CASH BOOKS, jOURNALS, LETTER BOOKS, COPYING BOOKS, BILL BOOKS, AND WASTE BOOKS, IN EVERY VARIETY OF STYLE. LITHOGRAPHIC AND COPPERPLATE PRINTING. MACHINE RULING. &c. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND GENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. scheme for the subjugation of Turkey, which he had arranged with him ten years ago, and it may be that a similar fatality will be the result. It appears that the Russian troops have suc ceeded in crossing the Danube in some force, a proceeding which it was understood was to be the inducement for Austria to join the Western Powers in the declaration of hostilities against Russia, but it is said that the Emperor still hesitates from this straightforward course, and shuts himself up in his pretence of impenetrable neutrality, though later accounts state that he is inclining more favourably to his western allies. Prussia has, however, been pursuing a far more dubious policy, inducing strong suspicions of its fidelity, but the recent accident to the King, which seems to threaten serious consequences, may to a change to more decisive measures. It would appear that, with the exception of England and France, all the other powers of Europe are holding aloof from the quarrel ; but should the war be carried on with vigour, of which there is little doubt with so powerful a fleet in the Baltic, it will be impossible for any States so near as those of the North of Europe to preserve a state of neutrality. THE WAR WITH RUSSIA. TICE all-absorbing topic of conversation during the past week has been the formal declaration of hostilities with Russia, to avenge the aggression upon our Turkish ally, and restrain that lust of territorial - acquisition which appears to 'have been the whole object of Muscovite policy. Great interest was excited by the departure of troops :for the East and the sailing of the 'Fleet for the Baltic; btut those were mere preparatory movements, leaving still a remote chance that the necessity for their employment might by some meant be avoided. Now, however, we have an official declaration from HER MAJESTY in Council, of the verge of forbear ance having been passed, and the matter in dispute tra - nsTerred from the peaceful language of diplo matic negotiation to'the stern de&sion of military force. Supplements to the Lomion Gazette of Tuesday last contained the requilite orders, and as a peace of forty years' duration has rendered the style of such documents more a novelty to this, generation than to the preceding one, we have given them in eAenso in another column. The first is a declaration of the cause which has lato the - resort to arms, recapitulating the facts which are:already well known, of the-satisfaction afforded to Russia on the question of the Holy Places, and the inordinate claim so peremptoro made through. Pfince MENscrfrizorr, for a 'protectorate of the Ohiistian subjects of the Porte, followed by a ford ble possession of the Danubian Provinces. The refnsal of the EMPEROR of RUSSIA. to listen to all offers of mediation, and his evident design to extend his own territory by the destruction of the Ottoman Empire, 'HER MAJESTY considers sufa eient justification for taking up arms in conjunction With the EMPEROR of the FRENCH for the defenee of the SULTAN. in the second document, HER IVIPrEsrY declares her intention to waive a part of her 'belligerent rights, and, with the exception of arti4les contraband of war and 'vessels bearing the enemy's despatches,: admits the freedom of neutral property and enemy's property •on board a neutral vessdl. By the third document, HER MAJESTY grants general reprisals against the vessels and goods, of the EMPEROR /of RUSSIA. and all his sub jects, and orders a Commission , of Admiralty to be prepared for the condemnation of prizes. By the fourthcdoeument an embargo is 'laid on all Russian vessels .and goods in British ports, except under special circumstances named in .the succeeding document, ;in which it is stated that such vessel's shall bellowed until the 10th of May for loading and departure, and Russian vessels 'hound for Bri tish ports, sailing before the above date, shall also be exempt.; but the principle is not .to extend to Russian vessels having on board any inilitary or naval officer In the service of the enemy, any arti cle contraband of war, or any despatches to or from the Russian Government. Another proclamation, which, from its great length, we have not given, contains minute instructions respecting the division of prize money, between the officers and men engaged in the capture. On Friday the Ministers in both Houses ,of Parliament moved an Address to Her MAJESTY, in reply to the message delivered on Monday, and in etch place the motion was agreed to unanimously. The debates, however, produced some remarks condemnatory of the course pursued by Govern ment, though all the speakers, excepting Mr. BRIGHT, agreed in the propriety of resorting to force in order to compel the observance of treaties so wilfully violated by Russia. The Earl of DERBY showed, in clear and forcible terms, that the Ministers had no right to complain of deception, for the secret correspondence demonstrated that they had been fully aware of the designs of Russia from the commencement ; and he avowed his belief that the CZAR would never have attempted to carry out his intentions, had it not been that the Earl of ABERDEEN, with whom he had previously negociated, was at the head of the English Minis try. He expressed his approval of the war, but cautioned the Government against entering into hostilities without making ample provision for a severe and protracted struggle, as he felt satisfied that the war once begun would not soon be ended, and it would be the worst possible policy to hazard the safety of the British forces by not providing amply for all contingencies. The same tone was assumed in the Lower House by Mr. DISRAELI and other speakers : and we have no doubt that, after giving due credit to the able statements made by Lord CLARENDON and Lord JOHN RUS SELL, their sentiments will be generally responded to by all those who take an impartial view of public affairs. It is not the first time that a change of ministry in England has furnished an opportunity for a foreign potentate to carry out some long-cherished scheme. The return of Lord PALMERSTON to the Foreign-Office in 1846, induced Louis PHILIPPE to complete his design of the Spanish marriages, a measure which led to his own banishment and the accession of a new dynasty in France. The unexpected elevation of Lord ABERDEEN to the premiership was the signal for the Emperor NICHOLAS to carry out the ANOTHER MINISTERIAL SPLIT. DIE Ministers are not so secure in their posses 'ion of office, that they can afford to lose even their weakest member without damage to their position, and yet they have proved so reckless of conse quences as to drive from them the only honest man who had consented to form one of the mongrel coalition. One of the measures with which the legislative business of the session commenced was an alteration of the Poor-law, so as to effect a gra dual equalisation of the poor-rates, and abolish that expensive system , of litigation incurred in the removal of paupers. To accomplish this object, Mr. Bins, the President of the Poor-law Board, prepared an elaborate scheme, which, though pos sessing some , defects, was at least entitled to consideration. It seems, however, that Lord PAL.. MERSTON, as Tome Secretary, without even the 'common decency of consulting Mr. BAINES, in whose department the measure originated, suc cumbed to the badgering of his Irish allies, the RomiSh Brigade, and promised that the operation of the Sill, as far as concerns the non-removal of paupers, 'should be extended to Ireland. The effect of this alteration would be toinflict upon England the burden of maintaining all the paupers of Ire landois it would be cheaper to remove them to the English Unions than maintain them - in their own country. This evident injustice to England natu rally excited a strong feeling of opposition, and the consequence was that on Tuesday' ad, when the - adjsurned debate on 'the Bill was :resumed, the Ministers were outvdted by a considerable majority, and the Bill was vitally lost. Mr. BAINES, very properly, was indignant at the !labour which he had 'devoted to a really :beneficial improvement being 'Eras literally thrown . away, s andat once resigned this office. It matters little how ,pausible was the explanation with which Lord PALMERSTON glossed 'over his share in'the unhandsome transaction : the 'public must fell that the .President of the Poor-law Board has been very scurvily treated, -notwithstanding he was the . only member of lhe Ministry who had a character for honour and-con sistency, thoughit was lamentable to see him 'in such bad company. The loss, however, was too great for a tottering Ministry to bear ; and 'the PREMIER againstepped in to, perform the same:kind -office which' he did when d.tsrd Jong RUSSELL .offended his 'lrish colleagues by his paroxysm of Protestantism. Mr. BAINEslad too much.rsgard for the intereers of his patty to persevere in his determination, !and has 'consented to postpone his resignation until a more convenient period, when , perhaps, his example will be more generallyfollewed. It was boasted that the .cumbination ineluded '" all the talents;" but all theirsehemes have proved wretched failures. The PREMBE'coquetted with Russia till he was more than suspected of eompli ',city ; Mr. GrAnsiroNt's financial scheme haslbeen :a signal defeat; Lord 'JOHN RUSSELL'S Reform }Bill is shelved ; the Poor-law Bill is gone; and '..tile only measure 333 , which the Ministers have, to Trove their administrative skill is their :Bill for ' ifthrOwing open the ',coasting trade to foreign vessels, , viltich, it appears, no one thought it worth valle ftovpose. THE NUNNERIES' QUESTION. 'Trio appointment of a select committee ;iv ;inquire into the practices pursued in conventual ,qtablishments, though agreed to by a large majority of the House of Commons, has met with Aim Tent of factious opposition from the Romanist members, who have leen outvoted on every division, notwithstanding. that they have received the support of that moek Protestant Lord JonN R1788E111 4 axcl his ministeritd colleagues. There is something significant in this •virulent hostility to an apparently simple measure so utterly at variance With the arguments by which it is endeavoured to be supported. The whole of the objection to the measure is founded on the asser tion that nunneries are but peaceful retreats for pious ladies, who resort to them from choice, and spend their days in the innocent exercise •of Works of charity and mercy. If this were, indeed, all, there could be but ')little objection to the proposed inquiry, for it would necessarily result in proving how groundless were the suspicions of well meaning Protestants as to the doings at these establishments; but mystery is the very parent of suspicion, and the course which is now pursued by the defenders of Romanism is the one most cal ciliated to strengthen the belief that all this opposition is prompted by a fear of discovery, and that the many accounts of frightful practices in these dens of iniquity are something more than mere fables. It would be a work of supererogation to repeat the many charges 'involving offences of the gravest character which are made against these institutions, and which there is too much reson to believe to be true, as the records of our courts of law - often bear witness to them. Our object at present is once more to call attention to the base treachery of Lord JOHN RUSSELL, who, in the 'teeth of his profession of Protestantism, lends the weight of his influence—though happily in this case it is proved to very little—to per petuate the abuses committed in these immoral prison -houses, and deny the right of the Commons of England to inquire into their enormities. All that is sought is a simple measure of justice to the weak and defenceless, the victims of avarice and other enormities ; and yet the chief supporter of these infamous practices is the Liberal Lord JOHN. RUSSELL, the vaunted champion of Civil and Religious Liberty. HUMILIATION AND PRAYtR. IT will be seen by the reply of the Earl of ABERDEEN to the Earl of RODEN, in the House of Lords on Friday, that the Government has deter mined to appoint a day for humiliation and prayer to the ALMIGHTY for success to Her MAJESTY'S arms in the approaching war with Russia. It will be observed that the Archbishop of CANTERBURY expressed his satisfaction at hearing the statement, from which we may infer that his Grace, though the nominal representative of the Church, was not consulted on this important resolve—a neglect of, the decent observances of propriety which we could only expect from a ministry co m p os ed of every shade of religious belief, even not omitting the apologist for infidelity. We may, notwithstanding, congratulate the country that, however ungraciously determined on, so obvious a duty is not to be neglected ; and that, amidst our anticipations of victory from the prowess of our naval and military forces, we shall not forget that the issue is in the hands of a Higher Power than that of man, by whose blessing we may alone hope for success and that while the race is not always to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, we may enter the field of strife with the full consciousness of the justice of our cause, and full reliance on the mercies of that Providence who has promised His blessing to them that ask it in spirit and in truth. UNLIMITED or LIMITED LIABILITY. A SPECIAL general meeting of the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce was convened on Wednesday last, the object of the meeting being to consider the annexed resolution, adopted by the council of the Chamber :—" That this council, having given full consideration to the report of its sub-committee, hereby affirms the principle set forth, viz., that the present law, in so far as it prohibits the formation of partnership with limited liability, is unsound, and that an alteration in this and other respects is urgently required." The meeting took place in the Cotton-salesroom, Ex change-buildings, and the chair was occupied by Thomas Bouch, Esq., the president of the Chamber. The attend ance of members was large, and amongst other gentlemen present we observed Mr. C. Robertson, Mr.. C. Holland, Mr. F. Boult, Mr. C. E. Rawlins, jun., Mr. I. Cooke, Mr. J. Hubback, Mr. C. M`lver, Mr. R. Shell, Mr. C. Bushell, Mr. R. A. &Fie, Mr. J. Aikin, Mr. E. Heath, Mr. Shand, Mr. J. Booker, Mr. A. H. Wylie, Mr. J. Stitt, &c., &c., &e. After the minute in connexion with this subject, which had been adopted at the annual general meeting, and the above resolution of the committee had been read, The CnAIEMAN, after stating that he considered the Chamber would have been remiss in discharge of its duty had it not taken up a question of so much importance, gave a rapid review of the proceedings which from time to time had taken place on it in the Chamber, until it assumed the form in which it was then presented to the meeting. The subject, he said, had been examined by the council in every point of view. The resolution was adopted by a majority of 12 to 8. In conclusion, he urged that whatever difference of opinion might be expressed, he hoped the discussion would be conducted with calmness and good temper. Mr. LAMB, in expressing his dissent from the conclusion arrived at by the council, maintained that it would be inexpedient, if not dangerous, to make any material altera tion in the existing law, under the operation of which this country had attained a position of commercial honour, success and importance which had never been equalled. After alluding to the preference given to Liverpool over United States insurance offices, in the former of which the liability was unlimited, while in the latter it was restricted, and having contrasted the French and English modes of dealing with bills of exchange, he drew a conclusion favourable to the English system as more secure. He admitted that plausible arguments might be brought for ward in support of limited liability, still, taking the most impartial view of the matter he could, he had arrived at the conclusion that it would be dangerous to tamper with the law as it at present exited. He concluded his remarks by sabmitting the following resolution :—" That this Chamber does not approve of the resolution of the council of the Chamber now submitted, it being the opinion of this Chamber that the present law of unlimited liability of partnerships has proved highly beneficial to the com mtrcial credit of Great Britain, and should be maintained in its general principles." Mr. C. ROBERTSON moved the following amendment : " That this chamber affirms the resolution of the council, to this effeet, that the law of partnership, inasmuch as it prohibits the formation of partnerships with unlimited liability, is unsound, and that an alteration in this and other respects is urgently required." He said the resolu tionof the council pronounced no opinion on the principle of _limited liability either in condemnation or approval of it. It merely affirmed that the law of 'partnership, be cause it prohibited something else, was wrong—not be cause it sanctioned unlimited liability, but because it prohibited limited liability. All they contended for was, that those who did not approve of unlimited liability should be allowed to pursue a different course. As to the question , of unlimited liability, he considered it resolved itself rather into a matter of credit and character' than otherwise, and he had never seen anybody express an opi nion thattlimited liability was abed thing in itself except a writer in the Law Times, who told them that every man holding a share in a limited liability company was a rogue. (aughter.) He (the speaker) contended that, as limited liability was applied to gas and mining companies and to chartered'banks, there was no reason why it should not be extended to commercial 'produce. The moment, however, :they went so far it was declared to be mischie vous. He quoted the authority of Mr. J. S. Mill and Mr. Sergeant,Byles, both of whom had expressed themselves in favour of limited liability. He also read extracts of a similar character from a report of the commissioners sent to inquire into the industrial institutions of the United States. Every company with limited liability would have to declareits capital in a local register, to which every body wetild have full access; and means would be taken, by addinr something to the title., by which everybody • would knew whether the liability was 'limited or not. With such means of publicitypersons would be enabled to determine and to judge for themselves how far it would be safe to gir..e• credit to such companies. In addition to that, [ there would be a penalty for everyeirasion of the law—for frauds, and for non-compliance with the terms of the law. (Hear, hear.) These two precautions would meet the whole of the case, and meet it very much better than any now in existence. Mr. LARITORT, after stating that lie had become a 'con vert to the principle of limited liablity, asked if those who held opposite views were prepared to carry out their doc trine to itsmtmost limits ; if so, 'they should require the Legislature , under •no circumstances whatever to allow charters of limited liability. (" Hear, hear," and " No, no.") He contended that, if it was a moral principle, there shouldle no exception whatever; and if once they begin to set expediency against right, he did not know where it might end. If it was not far the principle of limited liability they would all be travellinc , about and carrying their -goods on pack-horses still, and, instead of gas, they would' have the streets still lighted with farthing candles. (Laughter.) After combating the argument advanced by theeeditor of the Liverpool Times, that any young man who bad an aptitude for busivess and a good character might always obtailrmoney at five per cent., he put it to the advocates of the opposite principle whether, after all, there was any moral responsibility on the part of one man to pay another man's debts ; that arias the ques tion involved in the argument for unlimiteMbility. He seconded the amendment. Mr. C. rlvisa replied to some of the renitteks of Mr. Robertson. He was no more interested in the question of limited or unlimited liability than any merchant in Liver- pool.• As to the article in the Law Times to F twbieh re ference had been made;it tlid represent his (Mr. Ni`lver's) opinions, and that was his.reason for giving it to the pub lic in the form which he thought would obtain more atten tion than if sent anolkymoudy. it were true that the chamber had been so equally Maiden, surely it was a small matter, on a question so momentous, that there should be aeair, distinct, and unmistakeable record of the opinion of each individual member of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. GILL repeated his suggestion as to the mode of taking the votes, when The jIIAIEMAN replied, that, in conformity with estab lished .usage in all debates, the ,tliscussion on the resolu tion and amendment must be completed before they could enter upon a new subject. Mr. A. H. WYLIE said he could speak as to the work ing of limited liability in the United States. One great difference 'between this country and America was, that the latter always profited by any panic that arose, and took measures to prevent its recurrence. He spoke in high terms of the banking system of New York, and followed this up as most judicious, clear-sighted, and politic, by contending that, as regarded giving credit, it was for any man to refuse .sr deny giving credit who those, according to his belief in the ability of the party whom he trusted to pay„and his general character sad standing in society. In conclusion. he argued that they were bound to tarry out the principle of Sir Robert Peel's bill of 1844 to the fullest extent, by removing restrictions on capital, and the only way they could do that was to affirm the principle which the council had decided upon. Mr. WILLIAM Fisitnu argued in favour of unlimited liability, and contended that it would be injurious to alter the law as it regarded the ordinary business transactions of the country. Mr. HOLLAND supported the resolution of the chamber, and contended that an alteration of the present law was absolutely necessary. There were many cases in which a young man of energy and industry required the use of a small sum of money to advance him in business when he saw a good prospect before him, but the capitalist would not advance it, because he was required, under the present system of unlimited liability, to make himself responsible beyond the amount of his loan, if he derived the profits of partnership. As regarded the guarantee to the public, they should look at a man's character and the amount of capital he possessed, rather than to any other source, as a security for whatever investment might be made. The principle of limited liability, he considered, was the only sound one, by which each member of an association could advance in proportion to the risk he undertook, and as to frauds, some of the grossest kind had taken place under the present system; he need only refer to the Great . North of. England Bank 'at Newcastle, where they had a capital of £50,000, and their liabilities were £2,000,000. The principle of unlimited liability gave no security in the management of such undertakings, but rather the reverse ; and of the two systems, the greatest frauds had been practised in those companies where the unlimited system prevailed. As regarded banks, those founded on the limited liability system held quite as high a place as those in which the opposite plan was adopted : in illustration he cited the Bank of England, and the three Chartered Banks in Scotland. In support of his views, he quoted an ex tract from a letter written by Mr. Carey, an American writer, versed in the monetary and commercial system of the States, where limited liability had been adopted. The opinion of the writer was highly favourable as to the soundness and usefulness of the plan, and alluded forcibly to the desire which existed in the United States for the removal of all laws which stood in the way of association. After dwelling at some length upon the principle which existed in the United States in the constitution of coin merciarbodies he contended that the princ i p le of limi te d liability might be carried out with equal facility and safety in this country. He might mention that though the system he contended for did not exist in England, it was generally adopted in our colonies, and had been found to work well. He thought it was high time that all such restrictions and anomalies as those which existed in' this country, in reference to associated bodies, should be swept away, and on every ground he called upon them to' support the resolution of the chamber. Mr. KEATS argued that though the Glamorganshire Bank antithe Marine Insurance Company, upo n w hi c h some stress had been laid by one of the speakers, were conducted QA t4c principle et unlimited liability, the loss ould have been far greater under that of limited ability. A s regarded young men getting into business, he thought they laboured under no greater difficulties than those of former generations, and industry and energy never failed to be rewarded and encouraged. Though not desirous of disparaging the United States, he still thought that the commercial character of England stood higher, and they should be'careful not to do anything which would lower it. For these reasons he opposed the resolution come to by the council of the chamber. Mr. DIXON supported the resolution which had been adopted by the Council, observing that if they only gave a mercantile mau the free use of his capital, his activity and energy would lead him to find out the most useful mode of employing it, without assistance from the legislature. After glancing at the operation of the law of partnership as it was connected with the two principles of limited and unlimited liability, and illustrating his argumen.t with several suggested cases, he argued th a t if p a rtners agreed to enter into certain transactio ns , on th e co nditions of limited liability, he saw no reason why they should be prevented from doing so. At this stage of the discussion it was proposed by Mr. 3l'Fie that the meeting be adjourned until the following day, which was agreed to, and the adjournment took place accordingly, at a quarter past four. Ou Thursday the adjourned discussion was resumed by Mr. M`Fie, who advocated a partial limitation of liability by way of a compromise. Mr. POWLES contended that if they would allow limited liability partnership en commandite, having a capital paid up, and a manager unlimitedly liable, they would intro duce a new and most important element into the ecm merce of the country. Mr. 'Rom said the argument adduced had failed com pletely to convince him of the desirableness of the pro posed change. Mr. C. BUSHELL warned the commercial community against being, Samson like, shorn of their strength by any Delilah in the shape of limited liability ; let them not be taunted with lowering the standard which had for years existed, and under. which Great Britain had risen side by side, in the contest with countries addicted to limited liability, to the highest point that ariy nation had ever achieved. Mr. SHIEL moved that the meeting be adjourned to that day six months. Mr. Tons,—l second the motion. Mr. AIKIN moved that the meeting be adjourned to Saturday. Mr. BAINES proposed a motion to the effect that the meeting now decide that votes upon the question should be taken, after the discussion, in such a manner as to allow every member of the chamber to record his vote. A noisy and desultory discussion ensued ; several ad dressing the chair at the same time. During the confusion Mr. Arivicß said, there is no use in staying, the chairman is not inclined to put the motion. (Cries of " Oh, oh !") The CHAIRMAN declared he would vacate the chair un less he received an apology from Mr. M`lver. Mr. SHELL withdrew his motion for adjournment to that day six months; and after a long and desultory dis cussion, all present endeavouring to be heard at the same time, the Chairman still declining to put Mr. Baines's motion, the meeting adjourned to Saturday. On Saturday the members of the Chamber again met in the New-hall, Hackin's hey. Mr. Bouch, president, in the chair. Mr. JOHN AIKIN made a long and able speech, in defence of a system of limited liability. He defended, warmly and earnestly, the action which had been taken by the Council; and urged that such was the magnitude of the question that it would be well to postpone any decision until the members had more fully informed themselves upon it, convinced, as he was, that a practical and safe course of legislation upon the subject would result from such a mode of proceeding. After some observations from Mr. BusnaLL, in defence of the line of argument which he had adopted on the pre vious day, Mr. F. BOULT addressed the Chamber, and advocated with much warmth, the adoption of limited liability. Mr. LAMONT contended that the present law was an in terference with the rights of Englishmen ; that the adop tion of some liberal and wise course on the law of partner ship was demanded by the country ; that the Board of Trade had no principle to guide it in granting charters ; for, while it granted charters of limited liability to Messrs. Gibbs, Bright, and Co., for the Great Britain Company, and to a railway company between Southport and Liver pool, it refused to grant a charter to a transatlantic steam ship company with which he was connected, and which had been compelled to find its resources in other ways. Mr. TomLiNsoN said the general question resolved itself into mammon against character ; and he was for character. In his opinion, where there was no credit li mited liability might exist, but where credit was demanded, and where there was risk, they must have unlimited liabilities, except in cases of magnitude, which they would not then discuss. He was strongly in favour of the original motion. Mr. HEATH defended the Council from the effect of the last speaker's observations, and said that the advocates of limited liability did not justify the evasion of debts; all they contended for was that a partner en commandite did not incur engagements at all beyond the amount of his investment. He denied that there was abundant capital in the country for all desirable commercial undertakings, and as an instance of the mode in which small amounts of capital at present unemployed might be brought into active use under limited liability, he cited the last loan of the Emperor Napoleon. Mr. 31`IvEn. explained with regard to the distinct con tradiction which he had given the statement of Mr. Robertson, on the first day, that the Collins' line of steamers was a limited liability company. He did so on the authority of Mr. Brown, who, eighteen months ago, teia him that it was not limited. When he contradicted Mr. Robinson he was met by the assertion that there was a letter from Mr. W. Brown, stating that it was a limited liability company. He wanted that letter to be read in toto. After some slight discussion, the letter, which was ad dressed to Mr. Field, was read. In it Mr. Brown denied that his firm had ever been directly or indirectly interested in the profits of the Collins' line ; they were merely tlio agents ; and he expressed his opinion that the power of granting limited liability charters, though limited liability might be admissable in certain cases, was, upon the whole, injurious to both countries, (England and America). This letter Mr. 31`IvEn deemed a triumphant vindica tion of Mr. Brown from the aspersions that for his own interest he had been bolstering up a system on one side of the Atlantic, the abolition of which he was advocating on • the other. Mr. M`lver then proceeded to show that the charter which had been applied for by Mr. Lamont was ' opposed by every mercantile association in Liverpool, and that Mr. Lpmport was one of the parties who opposed its being granted. Mr. LAMFORT reminded the meeting that he had changed his opinions on this subject, and the signing of the petition to which Mr. river alluded, led to the con sideratiod of the subject which induced him to. alter his opinion. After a desultory conversation, the discussion of the main question was brought to a close, and The CHAIRMAN then intimated it was for the meeting to decide how it should vote. A very protracted discussion ensued, which was finally ended by the adoption of an amendment submitted by Mr. C. Holland, to the effect that the meeting divide on the question, the decision not to be final, and a poll to be taken within one month after the circulation of a report of the discussion to the -members of the chamber; the amend ment of 3lr. RObertson having previously been carried by a majority of 27 to 18, the Chairman declining to vote. Thanks were then voted to the Chairman, and the pro , ceedings terminated. EMBA MLLTION OF TROOPS. — The main body of the 88th regiment (Connaught Rangers) will arrive this (Tuesday) morning at the railway station, Tithebarn-street, from Preston, about half-past nine o'clock. They will march to the Landing-stage, where the tenders Satellite and Jackal will be in readiness to receive them, and about eleven o'clock they will be embarked on board the Niagara, which will convey them to Malta. The advanced guard with the heavy baggage embarked yesterday (Monday) afternoon. ACCIDENT.—On Thursday, during the absence of his mother, James 11I`Cormack, a child fifteen months old, fell into a panmug of hot water, and was suffocated. ELECTION OF POOR-LAW GUARDIANS.- -, MT. Richard Shaw has been returned for Fazakerley, and Mr. R. W. Kirkus for Little Crosby, no other candidates appearing. These gentlemen, with Mr. Thomas Dean, are also nomi nated for Everton, and are opposed by Mr. Henry Edwards, Mr. Wilson Ledger, and Mr. William M`Gee. ' I IVERPOOL MUSICAL UNION.—It is a matter for con gratulation that these musical professors are to give a limited series of morning concerts, in the Music-hall, Bold-street. The first of these takes place on Saturday 'morning next. The second will be given on Saturday Week. THE REv. A. G. Torn), late curate of St. 111ary's Church Kirkdale, has been appointed curate of St. Peter's Church, Everton, on the nomination of the Rev. S. B. Sutton, 8.A., incumbent. The Rev. gentleman preached his first sermon on Sunday evening week. REVD:IAA-HALL and the immediately surrounding pro perty was disposed of on Wednesday, by private treaty, for £7,300, to Mr. Croft, soap-boiler, of Liverpool.—Lan caster Guardian. UPPER COLLEGIATE • SCIFOOL.—M. Vittoz, formerly Vice-Director of the Protestant Training School at Cour bevoie, near Paris, has been appointed teacher of modern languages in the above school. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. — The monthly meeting of the council was held yesterday,—Thomas Pouch, Esq., presi dent, in the chair. After the routine business, the pro ceedings of the folloWing committees were read and adopted, viz., communications, stamp duties, and commer cial law. Orders were given for printing and circulating the report of the proceedings of the - general meetings on the 29th and 30th ult., and Ist inst. Among the com munications were letters on the stamp duties, on foreign bills of exchange, on steam communication with Australia, and ou the secret bills of sale bill. The bills of exchange bill was referred to the commercial law committee. THE QUARTER'S REVENUE.—The quarterly returns of the revenue will be made up to-morrow (Wednesday) night; the sth of April, which closes the financial year, as it ends the present quarter. It may be anticipated so far, as t o show an increase, as . conwared with the year ending sth April, 1853, of full half-x-million• sterling. • There will be an increase, both in customs and excise, for the year, in the former of more than £lOO,OOO, and in the latter dbe tween £300,000 and £1.00,000. On the other hand, it is probable thst stamps may show a decrease, though a slight one. 'There may also possibly be a decrease in the Property Tax, but, if so, it will not be to any great extent: The Post-office will continue to show that steady increase which has characterised the receipts of late. If, on the quarter, the receipts are not so entirely satisfactory as on the year, the decrease will not be so great as might have been anticipated, when the reduction of duties in the last session are taken into consideration. On the customs re turns for the quarter, as compared with the corresponding quarter of last year, it is probable that there will be a con siderable decrease.. The reduction Of the tea duties alone would account for this. The excise will equal, if not .ex ceed, the receipts of the quarter ending sth April, 1853. The same may be said of the stamps. There will probably be, also, a decrease in the Property Tax receipts in the quarter, the proposed addition not having ye t come into operation. There will be, most likely, a slight increase in the revenue from the Pot-office on the quarter,— Olisert . er. LIVERPOOL BOROUGH SESSIONS. Tint intermediate sessions.were opened yesterday, in the Sheriff's Court, St. George's Hall, before Gilbert Hender son, Esq., Recorder. The calendar contained the names of 59 prisoners, o whom 53 were charged with felonies, and 6 with misde meanours. Of these, 5 only could read and write well ; 27• imperfectly ; 10 could only read; while 17 could neither read nor write. The following are the most serious offences :—John Isherwood, cotton dealer, George Mason, freight clerk, and Charles Paul, porter, charged with stealing twelve bales of cotton, the property of Washing ton Jackson, and others. Mary de la Hunt, no trade, and Thomas Scot' labourer, with stealing 214,a diamond ring, two gowns, and some property belonging to Mary Clarke ; John Thompson, tailor, with stealing £l3, the money of Thomas Wilkinson; David Evans, joiner, with stealing a cash-box and £lOO, the property of William Pitt ; George Leatherbarrow, carter, Mary Leonard, and Francis Styles, with stealing a sack of flour, the pro perty of Charles Stoess, and another ; Robert Lee, office boy, with.stealing a bill of exchange, the property of his master, Francis Reid; John Burns, clerk, with embez zling the several sums of £33 18s. 10d., £ B6 Bs. 1 1 d., and £l5l Bs. 5d., the money of his employers, James Poole and. another. The misdeameanours include three cases if stabbing. GRAND JURY. Mr. John Locket, merchant, foreman, Mr. Jno. Beckwith, broker, Mr. Michael Bousfieid, broker, Mr. Timothy Bourne, broker, Mr. Lawrence Richard Bailey, average-adjuster, Mr. Henry Braun, shin-owner, Mr. John Higson, broker, Mr. Charles Holland, merchant, Mr. Charles Stanley Harris, wholesale stationer, Mr. William Richard Keane, broker, Mr. Jno. Miller, merchant, Mr. Thomas Mather, corn-merchant, Mr. Charles Wm. Newman, broker, Mr. Edward Penbury Parry, wholesale grocer, Mr. James Roper, sharebroker, Mr. Jonathan Robinson, merchant, Mr. Henry Royds, broker, Mr. John Andrew Smith, merchant, Mr. George Adams Tinley, sharebruker, Mr. John Tyrer. agent, Mr. Alexander Powell, hidefactor. THE CHARGE. The Petit Jury having been empanelled, and the proclamation against vice and immorality having beenread, The learned RECORDER proceeded to deliver his charge: Gentlemen of the Grand Jury, he said, we are assembled here in consequence of the large courts being still occupied by the business of the assizes ; but as the commission of the learned judges does not require them to dispose of the prisoners in the borough gaol, you are, therefore, brought together, after the usual interval, to assist me in performing that duty. There is a list of fifty nine prisoners for trial after a pericd of seven weeks; and my experience satisfies me that that is a moderate number; and having looked at the depositions, I may add that the general character of the cases is very light. Per haps, if there is one offence which appears to be more com mon than usual, it is that of picking pockets. I think it may be desirable for the authorities to be more strict with cases of this nature. The law is not defective, pocket- picking being punishable with three years' penal sere itude ; and if the law is stringently applied, the number of pick-pockets in the town might be diminished. When I look to the vast, and, no doubt, growing population of this town, and to the rapid exten sion of commerce within the last two or three years, it is very satisfactory to find that it has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in crime. No doubt, this is to be attributable in a great part to the efforts that have been made, publicly and individually, for the improvement of the people. When I see a church, or a library, or a school, of whatever denomination of Christians it may be, rising in the town, I look upon it as a very effectual means of improvement, and of preventing crime ; and so, when I see the inhabitants associating themselves, and meeting for the purpose of discussing the most important questions of commercial legislation with a degree of intel ligence which is highly creditable, and must be eminently useful; and when I see institutions formed for the mutual improvement of the lower ranks of society, I consider them the precursors of that moral and intellectua improvement rich must tend, in an important degree, to check vice. And, I think, it is in some mea sure to that cause that we may attribute the fact, that crime has not kept pace with the growing population of the town. No doubt there are other things that have exerted an influence to this end, not the least being the general prcsperity of trade, which tends to satisfy the wants of the people ; for many persons who, unable to satisfy their physical wants, are driven to crime by desti tution. These circumstances have, no doubt, had their share in the improved state of the town. At the same time, much is also attributable to the growing efforts which have been made towards the sanatory improve ment of the town, in cleansing and purifying the streets and the dwellings of the inhabitants. When a person sees, as I do, the influence of these causes, he cannot but be highly gratified by the results of these efforts. Perhaps this satisfactory state of things may, in some degree, have influenced the authorities to regard this as a favourable moment for a contemplated change in reference to the police, namely, to discontinue the practice of the police carrying sticks. We know perfectly well that the duty of a policeman is not only a difficult but a dangerous one. They are frequently in danger, and sometimes even their lives are sacrificed. Though there is every disposition on the part of the authorities to give them adequate protection, they are also exceedingly desirous that their duties should be discharged with all possible forbearance and moderation. They have, therefore, been cautious in adopting the suggestions to dis continue these means of protection; but it is intended, I believe, to make the experiment in some districts; and the very experiment ought, I think, to convince all how desirous the authorities are that every moderation which is con sistent with the due protection of the public, and the police themselves, should be exercised in the discharge of their duty. I hope it will tend to increase the good feel ing towards the pollee, and t 7 give them that support in the discharge of their duty which will be found more useful and efficacious than any weapon they can carry. I don't think it necessary to make any remarks upon the cases before you, because I am sure your intelligence will enable you to deal with them. The grand jury were then dismissed to their duties, and in a few minutes afterwards the trials were proceeded with. LkRGE HOTEL. — There is an hotel in New Jersey, on the sea shore, occupying three sides of a square, witb a total frontage of 1,318 feet (just a quarter of a mile). It has a mile and a half of verandah, and accommodates 3,800 persons. FAST LEGISLATION. —Just previous to the adjourn ment of the U. S. Senate, the bill for appropriating three millions of dollars for the construction of six steam frigates, was taken up, and our telegraph report say's, " was passed in less than one minute !"—American paper. THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.—The native population are melting away like snow before a summer's sun. From the limited returns that have been collected, we infer that the population does not exceed 70,000 souls on all the islands, a diminution of 10,000 since the census in January, 1849. Ms. H. DRUMMOND, alluding to Prussia in the House of Commons, lait week, said it was " a country that had no morality, except that of despising the institution of marriage. He had read of a man playing a rubber of whist at Berlin, with three ladies, each of whom had once the happiness of being his wife." STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.--.All interest ing parliamentary paper has just been printed for the first time (to be continued annually) of the statistics of the United Kingdom from 1840 to 1853. The statistics relate to the revenue and 'expenditure ; imports, exports ; tran shipment; shipping; excise; prices and sales of corn; coinage; savings banks ; Bank of England ; and the po pulation. The document extends to 27 folio pages, and contains a great mass of figures, having been prepared by the statistical department of the Board of Trade. In the year 1853 the surplus of revenue was £3,255,505, being the largest excess for ten years. The nett amount of the several branches of the revenue of the United Kingdom paid into the Exchequer was £54,430,344. The expendi ture out of the revenue paid in the same year was £51,174,839. In 1853 the taxes repealed or reduced amounted to £3,247,474, and the estimated amount im posed was £3,356,383. At the end of the last year the balances in the Exchequer were £4,485,230. The capital of the National Debt last year was £770,923,001. The quantity of raw cotton imported last year was 895,266,780 lbs., and of wool, 111,396,445 lbs. The total declared value of British and Irish produce exported last year was £93,357,306. Last year the number of vessels built and registered was 798, a 203,171 tons. The number cf vessels belonging to the United Kingdom last year, ex clusive of river steamers, was 18,208, of 3,730,087 toner, and the men employed, exclusive of masters, was 172,525. The coinage in the year was 12,664,125. The births iii the year were 612,311, and deaths 421,775, and the marriages 162,135. The total paupers relieved were 818,315, and the emigrants numbered 328,807. THE KING OF Paussia met with a slight accident on the 22nd instant, at Charlottenburg, Whilst walking in the Palace garden, at night, he struck his face against a projecting branch of a tree, and hurt the skin beneath the left eye. The casualty produced a low fever, and it was found proper to issue bulletins of his Majesty's state of health, which are here appended in condensed form 25th. Erysipelas (rose) commences spreading from the wound, accompanied by febrile symptoms." "26th. The King has had a gocd night, and slept well. Tice wound suppurates favourably: the rose has not spread further, and the fever has passed off." " 27th. The King slept calmly the whole night. State of 'wound satisfactory, although the rose has spread further downwards towards the throat. The fever has entirely disapDeared." NOTICE TO MARINER-S.—The probable existence of an island, or shoal, in lat. 50 50 S., lon. 77 30 E., and the somewhat unusual prevalence of N. and N.E. winds in, that latitude, the course of great circle sailing to Australia. —Captain Inglis, of the iron ship Gauntlet, of Liverpool, left Gravesend on the 4th of September, and on the 211 t was in lat. 14 N., lon. 27 W. thence to the Line, with light winds and calms. He crossed the Line on the 7t of October, and past the Cape on the Ist of November, in w s torms in lat. 48 S., and passed Karugolen's Island on the 11th, in lat. 53 S. He here encountered continual sn w o inds. In for a fortnight, accompanied by N. and N.E. the-water suddenly becoming of a / nutty -1 1 1 ) 1 ) °a "" ~,, w it a very short he has no doubt but that he pass s h oa l or island, as lat. 50 50, lon. 77 30, he passed over a bank of sh_Lalecw,aatnerl di th s e ta w n a c t e er of b s eca om m e e h p it e h r e fee r bot, in consequence hitherto perfectly smooth di c Captain Inglis was unable to of the heavy fall of snow, observationsas he otherwise would make such minute island, was observed by the have done. This shoal, or __ y the captain, who as well crew and passengers, the discovery he had made. Oh called them to witness to the S.E. off the shoal, h e water ran serving the blue f r one hour, going 13 knots, and steered away direct S. o . t blue water. Captainlngli s -ddenly o then drop t ,-- su all. navigators running from E strongly recommends to B ug. great circle, keep a look out laud to this Port , on a this latitude. , Re had fr om this when they arrive in, p o int to Melbourne , a very tedious p4SSage, enco un tering N.E. w i n ds. The captain appea l' to reconiniend 'this 'course from England, but at th would advise ma sters to have their vessels efffeiently manned, an ad vantage which, unfortunately, he does not appear to have been possessed of,—Afelbourne Argus. t 74. *at - hDYED' on or about the Ist of May, a .o.orth.;, in Canning street or south end of Rodney- I lit ile(irlmmechate neighbourhood, containing not less §t ~ °i nkApply N., Standard-office. 1 OV I kP..q," - LADY _desires a RE-ENGAGE '44tcbe% '3 G OVERNESS in a Family. The branches \.. lefei.Zeces E s .n iVe is n h ' 41 10 T ED by Mari:s's I re ga h ;da a r n c ( r i l o gra e w . mg. , Eks o „ , a respectable middle-aged , Ik e eh , , , a SITUATION as HOUSEKEEPER; and . Goo d r 'le of a small Family, where one servant is t , :!!C'epces can be given.—Address M. B.„ Ot et, Windsor, Liverpool. !, 0:41 W ANTED.—WANTED, in a Mer iti,„anys , 'tly g, ivb c , 'lee, for a term of years, a well-educated _respttites a good hand, and whose conneions ve a n re rett, 13 0 ` 4I) Paid,l €' ! 11 (1 n - A i 11 `.. - - ? jet ( arch, 1654. 11 „ k 'S (THEOLOGKAL) COLLEGE, N, BIRKENHEAD. , -I tht N t , LORI) A1f8E ' 11 . 1 ° 11 : 10 7 2 OF CANTERBURY. Iht bR C 44 tV. the IZ I RTI ) 37;HOP OF CHESTER. titk t he Rev. JarP e t l i P tt i k ; ZLEE, D.D. 1 4:/P4 t ) TERM opens on the 22nd of April next, and 111 ! tilln d rn e e n n ts ce are ol ; \,.............._ eq th u r re lT n "n t u n r i T e la i y n r fo es ll i o a s e v n ing, upon 11 hi tGiir `,.‘`' ally of the Agents. , -4 . zOuLT, Secretary to the Company. ~ q4I 4 O ( LC A ,, 1 ? -4 1.4 " --f 4,, „, E FOR POLICY STAMPS. 1 ' 0 ,16 AdiFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 1, -4.4 b PATA.uusHED I N 1797. ~1 , e-0-B,YRBET. CITY, and 57, CHARlNG ktefht ''' BB , WESTMINSTER. IP 1 j4, 11 terS3„,l?ennial p l Vi ir or E iior to the next Division of I\lltitil Aft .. : 4 Nte on the 2(l ' .l P uly, 1854. All Policies now %Pari„`rwards continued in , force for five years) on . se.. l) l z eti t•S' a cod e n r F P a ce m m a i u f ts f , 74 1 0 1 p s o h s a a r l e , i n applytls u a r t p la ' or to any•ef the Company's Agents. ROBERT TUCKER, Secretary. I tk l'p, l AGENTS. I ls i‘ 1, THOS. CROOK and Son, Accountants. .[ ••. : A r M ire ES om o c D e. DlE, Agent to the Manchester k‘kil.t. {Th omas & THOS. LEWIN, Wine-merchants. ..• b t l . " Al S l: l7 ll e g y h o , r• ,Stationer. 4 4t.t . •." 1 1 ,1 °..11 Railton, S n t. i t'aul' m s Foundry. .•.... { ,aryies Wilson, Old Bank. ~. • I.a a lawdsley and Sou, \ l • , . v. • ..,....t. Ines Knowles, Solicitor. •., r,,,,..aoinas Holgate, Wine merhant. \ lt •.. *•' • i U o ,Mas Crompton, Bookseller. sill4tel. kr ".•. ;Villam Harper, Solicitor. .• .. • ~,',lchard Cliffe \lt tiL `ti• •• • 'tichard Hi I . Wine-merchant. Ri c, •.. { William James Tate, 57, King-street. L ~.• • .....Tohbert Holmes, Norfotk•street. t . tp 4l e :: .. nß°thTnarPc7il'hArdsetil, Biller. 4 ~. •,:--,. Proctor Grocer . 4 • '' • Janesalu Woo ' cis Attorney.. " . t l 4 0, ' • •.... w a han Nield, Bank : manager. '4 4 4. { j ames ao l i t i a ld n en, a S n o m lsc a i n to g r e . r. "f 1' , 1r i •••. , ~. mils Fell, Old Bank. ' •• i :`oodcock, Part, and Scott, Solicitors. John Acton, Gentleman. \,................_