The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-05-30 00:00:00

WHERE IS THE BRITON'S HOME .' Where is the Briton's borne? Where the free step can roam, Where the free sun can glow, Where a free air can blow, Where a free ship can bear Hope and strength : everywhere Wave upon wave can roll — East and west—pole to pole — Where a free step can roam — There is the Briton's home I Where is the Briton's home? Where the brave heart can come, Where labour wins a soil, Where a stout heart can toil — Where gold or fame is won, Where never sets the sun, Where a brave heart can come, 'There is the Briton's home ! - Where is the Briton's home? Where the mind's light can come, 'Where our God's holy word Breaks on the savage herd— Where a new flock is won, To the bright Shepherd-One, Where the church bell can toll, Where soul can comfort soul, Where Holy Faith can come, There is the Briton's home? Where is the Briton's home? Where man's great law can come, Where the treat truth can speak, Where the slave's chain can break, Where the white's scourge can cease, Where the black dwells in peace, Where, from His angel-hall, God sees us brothers all— Where light and freedom come -There is the Briton's home! Sin E. B. LYTTON REVIEWS OF BOOKS, Turkey, _Russia, the Black Sea, and Cireassia. By Captain Spencer. London : Routledge & Co. The belligerent condition of the European states has evidently acted as a powerful stimulus in un locking the stores of knowledge possessed by nume rous well-informed individuals relative to the con dition, physical and social, of those countries which form, more or less directly, the scene of our mari time and military operations. A desire to possess accurate information on those points which will enable intelligent men to form some rational esti mate as to the probable duration of the present war is both natural and praiseworthy, and every day's experience puts us more and more in the way of its acquisition. With most probably a natural flow, the current appears to set strongly in the direction of Turkey, and the leading peculiarities of that country and the people inhabiting and governing it, appear to be objects of general solici tude to the civilians as well as to the naval and military portion of the British population. In con tributing to this flood of current knowledge, if personal experience, aptitude of observation, and a wish to convey important and exact information, constitute a claim on public attention, Captain. Spencer is justly entitled to a favourable considera tion from the intelligent reader. He has travelled through nearly every portion of the Turkish em pire, with a deliberate and leisurely pace ; he understands, and speaks most of the languages of the country fluently, and sympathises acutely with the feelings of the people ; and, above all, he mani fests a spirit of lively diligence in taking note of men and things. Passing over his clear delineation of localities, and his speculations as to their military and commercial capabilities, we will give as a specimen of his general style, and of the character of his interesting book, the following particulars relative to a remarkable group of men, two of whom, at the present moment, occupy a conspicuous position in the public eye, while the third, though now withdrawn from the scene of turmoil and contention, is yet deeply interesting from the bias he threw into the course of Turkish affairs. These are words of the editor, who in his introductory remarks gives the following A brief sketch of the early labours of a young clergy man in a country parish may, perhaps, present few at tractions to the general reader. Pastoral visits among farmers and the agricultural poor, the tedious monotony of the village school, and plain sermons for plain and homely people, are subjects containing little of that excite ment which more striking, incidents furnish, and which is the main charm of most modern publications. Neverthe less, these subjects possess an i n t r i ns ic importance, and their value will not fail to be appreciated by all those who watch with anxiety the present aspect of the world, and estimate as they deserve those deep principles of religion and morality which are the only sure basis of a people's happiness. Not religious men only, but philanthropists and politicians look with well-grounded hope to the efforts of the parochial clergy to correct the ignorance and de pravity which abound in our towns and villages ; and the present revival of a spirit of zealous self-devotion in the pastoral work has been hailed by the Church generally as a providential antagonist to that concentrated evil which is the natural result of our neglected population. The subject of our present memoir was eminently endowed with this ministerial zeal, and with an almost chivalrous admiration fdr the doctrines and discipline of the Church of England. He moreover possessed, in a remarkable de gree, the rarer grace of personal piety, and a spirit of prayer which was kept alive by habits of systematic devo tion. Of the order and frequency of his prayers, vows, and intercessions, his manuscript books of private devo tion bear a striking evidence. It is these valuable relics which throw a halo round a character which might other wise have been taken for commonplace, and give a saintly importance to every thing he has left behind. We in voluntarily reverence the memory of the man whose chamber was a well-ordered sanctuary, whose life was spent in the Divine Presence, and whose last actions were the result of the highest and most disinterested motives. OBSERVATIONS ON CLERICAL DUTIES. The work is faithfully carried out in the spirit indicated in the above extract. The gentleness of spirit, yet firmness of purpose which appear to have constituted leading features in the character of the Rev. Edward Hughes, are insisted on and illustrated with a fervour of earnestness which shows plainly that the editor has entered heartily into his task, and executed it con amore. The book will be found charming in its artlessness as it is unpretending and valuable in the fidelity of its delineative narrative. History/ of the Dominion of the Arabs i 4 Spain. By J. A. Conde ; Translated by Mrs. Jonathan Foster. London: Henry G. Bohn. The volume now before us is the first of Dr. Conde's learned and celebrated work, in which is given, if not the only certainly the best account of the Arabic dominion in Spain which is to be met with in any European tongue. In an introductory essay, by which the history is opened, the learned Spaniard commences by remarking on the small reliance generally to be accorded to the annals of a people, and the history of events, which are de tailed by historians inimical in feeling and adverse in interest to the parties whose histories they nar rate ; glancing incidentally at the faithlessness of the narratives of Carthagenian civilisation and achievements as they are given by Roman authors, and analogically inferring the suspicion attaching to the Spanish accounts of Arabian rule in the Peninsula. With a view to doing more justice to the subject, the author avows his resolution to be guided by the aid of such Arabian documents rela tive to their sway in western Europe as he has been able to fall in with ; using, in many instances, the phraseology as well as adopting the views of the Arabian writers. In doing this it is obvious that, unless due discrimination be observed in avoid ing the Scylla of Spanish prejudice, he will be apt to run into the Charybdes of Asiatic misrepresen tation. Our author seems fully aware of this difficulty, and declares his resolution to act with impartiality. He labours with much assiduity, and no small amount of success, to make out a case in favour of the Oriental invaders, and shows from incontestible evidence that Spain owed much to the learning, the civilisation, and the political rule of the Arabs. In speaking of that rule, and en larging on the learning which the conquerors dis seminated among the conquered, he is eloquent upon the benefits conferred ; and, in an equally effective strain, he condemns the partial and dis torted representations of the early European writers. To many of our readers the following observations will be new respecting COSREW PACHA, HALIL PACHA, AND OMAR PACHA Cosrew Pacha, one of the most trusted advisers of the late and present Sultan, to whom we were indebted for many kind offices, on our first visit to Constantinople, ,was a Circassian slave. After filling in succession the highest offices in the state up to Seraskier and Grand Vizier, he died at a very advanced age—it is said, nearly a hundred. Halil Pacha, his adopted son, who also filled the highest offices in the state, commenced life as a slave ; his elevation to the position of son-in-law of Sultan Malimoud was almost unprecedented even in such a demo cratic country as Turkey. We may say the same Of Riza Pacha, who from being a waiter in a coffee-house gradually advanced step by step till he also became the son-in-law of the Sultan. It appears that Hall Pacha, who was the son of Christian parents, was first a slave to a wealthy Armenian, then to a Turkish effendi, and afterwards to Cosrew, who, seeing he possessed very superior natural talents, had him educated with great care ; and, finding his conduct uniformly good, and his disposition kind and ;tractable, not only adopted him as his son, but through his powerful influence with the Sultan prevailed with him to bestow upon his protigg the hand of his favourite daughter. Cosrew was an accurate judge of character. Of this we have another instance in Omar Pacha, who has also been indebted to him for much of his success in life. This gallant general who up to the present time has made the Russians eat more dirt than ever they did before, in their wars with Turkey, was not originally a slave, it is true, but he arrived in Turkey a friendless refugee. After embracing Islamism, he was invested by Cosrew, who was at that time Seraskier, with the rank of officer in the Nizam. The penetrating eye of his patron soon discovered that the young foreigner had more genius, talent, and enterprise than the majority of the Moslem officers in the army ; consequently, he never omitted an opportunity of advancing the interests of a man who he felt certain would prove a valuable servant of the Sultan in the hour of need. During our 86our in Constantinople in 1836, we had frequent interviews with Cosrew respecting the proposed admission of English officers into the Turkish army. Omar was at this time attached to the personal staff of the Seraskier ; and his handsome person, gentle manly manners, and the fluency with which he spoke German, French, and Italian, impressed us with the opinion that he was a singularly favourable specimen of an Osmanli. Indeed, we had our misgivings as to the genuineness of his title to be considered a son of Othman, grounded on his very superior intelligence, and his Euro pean style of walking. When we last saw this very ex traordinary man, it was at Scopia, in Macedonia, where we with some difficulty recognised in the lion of the day the unknown aide-de-camp and secretary of Cosrew, the Seraskier. He was then preparing, at the head of a large army, to take the field against the insurgent Mahometans of Albania and Bosnia. It was in quelling the insurrec tions iu Syria and Albania that he first eminently distin guished himself. In Kurdistan he was equally fortunate ; but the most important service he rendered the Turkish Government was in subduing the revolt of the beys and spahis in Bosnia, where, with a very inferior force, he triumphed in every engagement. In short, throughout his whole career, he has not only displayed military talents of no common order, but the tact and ability of an en lightened legislator. Ever the friend of the poor rayah, he became the idol of that long-despised race, and at the same time retained the attachment of the Moslems. In deed, since his advent to power, he has done more to allay the differences between the members of the many rival creeds in Turkey than any other man of his day. , Although a diligent observer of the external aspect of scenes, circumstances, and situations, Captain Spencer does not confine himself exclu sively to these matters, but speculates with bold ness and sagacity on the moral aspect of events, and deduces conclusions from them with facility and skill. True, indeed, his partialities seem to run more in favour of democracy, and his sympa thies to be more in unison with democratic action, than is consistent with sound philosophy ; still he indicates much shrewdness in political remark. He looks on the present war with Russia as a matter which the Czar himself could not control entirely, or even completely avert ; he looks on it, in fact, as one of the social necessities of the Auto crat's position, as will be seen from the subjoined estimate of THE CAUSES OP THE WAR. The present Czar of Russia, were he in the highest degree civilised and humane, i could not control a million of bayonets, officered winmen who look to their sword as the means th a t musty em wealth and honour. Neither can he c ur b an ambitious aristocracy and a fanatic h pe ea op v l en e p to osse p s ro sed pag w a it t lek the ami behef that they are destined by their own peculiar creed, the only give orthodox faith, and laws to the world. Nay, the enterprise is considered by every true Muscovite as a to sacr ed duty, bequeathed be to m perform i3 by Peter the Great, and he believes it to and from o u n dang h upon him to execute as if it were a Comm high. Captain Spencer declares boldly that the real s t ren gth of the Russian autocrat consists not much in the seried " million of bayon e t s " he can command as in the fears of the 'European rulers, and their secret sympathy with him in his opposi tion to free political institutions, and in eloquent terms he urges upon the British people to -wage the war now commenced with energy and power, as a defence of freedom against barbarism and despotic power. The book is well entitled to a patient perusal, and will repay a carefid study. Four Years of Pastoral Work ; beino. a Sketch of the Ministerial Labours of the Rev Edward John Rees Hughes. London : J. Masters. The interesting little biographical memoir of which the above is the title has been edited by the Rev. Cecil Wray, M.A., incumbent of St. Martin's, Liverpool, and is remarkable for the kindness of feeling and the deep interest felt by the reverend editor towards the subject of the memoir, for whom he has obviously entertained a sincere affection. The intention and objects sought by the publica tion of such a memoir will be best conveyed in the THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND GENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. TUE MOORISH INVASION OF SPAIN, Thence it is that we find so many false, misrepresented, or at the least imperfectly developed relations, contami nating and obscuring our history in this highly important part ; and thence arises the belief, most commonly enter tained, that the Moors, when they entered Spain, arrived in hordes innumerable,--not as brave and fortunate war riors. but as fierce. ernel Larl.rinrifa. witllnnt `without order, a mere troop of savages, delivering all things to fire and to the sword, pitiless and inhuman to both sexes and every age, destroying whatever they found in their path, and leaving no one stone upon another in the hapless towns they subdued. At a word, that Chris tianity fled in dismay before the aspect of these barbarians, and that they left no traces behind them but those of horror, desolation, and death. But the conditions imposed on the conquered nation were such, that the people found consolation rather than oppression in the presence of their conquerors ; and when they compared their then fate with that which they had previously endured, could not fail to consider the change a fortunate one. The free exercise of their religion, a careful preservation of their churches from all injury, the security of their persons, with the unimpeded enjoyment of their goods and possessions,—such were the first re turns which they received for their submission to the stranger, and for the tribute (a very moderate one) which they paid to their victors. But there was yet more : the fidelity of the Arabs in maintaining their promises, the equal-handed justice which they administered to all classes, without distinction of any kind, secured them the confidence of the people in general, as well as of those who held closer intercourse with them ; and not only in these particulars, but also in generosity of mind, and in amenity of manner, and in the hospitality of their customs, the Arabians were distinguished above all other people of their times. Surely slavery never rode in a more superbly gilded car than the Spaniards were indulged with the use of, if the above picture be a true one. How comes it, then, that the name even of the Arab domination smells so foully in the Spanish nostril ? And on what ground has a prejudice so deeply rooted and so widely expanded found nourishment and grown to strength ? " Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still slavery thou art a bitter draught ; and though thousands have been made to drink of thee in all ages, thou art not the less bitter on that account !" The conditions and the miseries of slavery, however they may be tinselled over, are hateful to the mind of a cultivated people, and fortunately the sense of degradation is not blunted because the chain may be cushioned with velvet, nor is the feeling of thraldom the less poignant on account of the silken robe in which it is permitted to attire itself. In deprecation of the above re marks, however, we must admit that the work is compiled and written with an air of truthfulness, and that the details are elaborated with much skill, and display great and painstaking research. The Chemistry of Common Life, No. VI. The Liquors we Ferment. By James F. W. John ston, M.A. Edinburgh and London : William Blackwood and Sons. The liquors we ferment form in themselves a subject of contemplation worthy of attentive con sideration, from the phenomena evolved in the course of their fermentation, scarcely less impor tant, in a physical point of view, than are the social consequences which flow from their use. Foremost in consideration in this treatise, is the manufacture and the chemical and physiological characteristics of beer ; next in order to these - the various wines, and vinous preparations, 1 which are described with scientific accuracy, yet in so popular a manner, that "he who 'runs may Due attention is also paid to the various processes of adulteration, as these are chiefly practised in this country, and the different kinds of effect produced by the respective adulterating ingredients, are skilfully and lucidly traced. As a book for general household consultation on all subjects of sanitary regulation, or ingestive preparations, it would be impossible to meet with a superior one, its di rections are given with such conciseness and perspicuity. It should find a place in every cottage and in every hall ; and it is equally adapted to the village library and the Mechanics' Institute. Every class in the community will find something in it to amuse, to interest, and to instruct. The TVriggleses ; or, the Awkward Family. By Yrneh Koorbezarg. Liverpool : Edward Howell. This brochure possesses considerable pungency of satirical remark, but if that satire were more generalised, it would remove from the reader's mind the pai n f u l, th oug h no d ou bt un f oun d e d sup position, that he is perusing pasquinade levelled at some individual family who may have been unfortu nate enough to incur, it may be unconsciously and undeservedly, the ill-will of the writer. This is an unhappy feature of the production, which, if over come, the work would deserve and receive a heartier and more extended welcome. Among the serials which have reached us, but which want of space forbids us more particularly to specify at present, are Punch for April, with its The Home pungent jokes and racey carricatures. Companion, sober, sedate, and pleasing. The Journal of Industrial Progress, No. V. ; one of the gratifying indicators of social progress in b e . land. The fifth part of Orr' s Hpusehold Medicine; and also the fifth number of the Library of Bibli cal Literature. The Irish Church, Journal, No. V. The Bulwark, and the Protestant Magazine,—all of them doing good service in the cause of social improvement in their respective spheres. NEW MUSIC. The Rovado Waltzes, composed by Lawrence Goodwin, and dedicated to all the pretty girls in the kingdom. Such is the title of these sprightly morsels, which are both lively and pleasing. Their style is such as to render them acceptable to, if not entirely worthy of, the numerous and captivating patronesses whose friendly offices are solicited in their behalf. They are got up with the accuracy and the beauty of decoration which generally characterise the works published by our townsmen, Messrs. Hime and Son. VARIETIES. A GENTLEMAN of African extraction, who used to dis play his grinning combination of ivory and ebony about the streets of Indianapolis, was asked by a white gentle man, " How old are you, Sam ?" " Twenty-five massa," was the reply; " but if you counts up de fun I's seen, just call me seventy-five." AMBIGUOUS TAPERS.—The Morning Post states that " His Holiness the Pope has forwarded Queen Isabella the magnificent present of a box of candles." The meaning of this present may appear to be an encouragement to her most Catholic Majesty to persevere in reading by the Pope's light. We trust that this is the case. We hope Pius aid not, by his gift of candles, intend to hint any necessity for their conjunction with white sheets.—Punch. THE Bombay Guardian states that Major Rawlinson is prosecuting his labours at Bagdad with great energy. He has made some important discoveries of remains in Lower Babylon, the region about Bagdad, and found among the Assyrian records the name of Belshazzar, thus completing the list of kings mentioned in the Bible, and attesting the unerring fidelity of the Scripture accounts. WHEN Sir Francis Chantrey was building his mausoleum, he said to Allan Cunningham, his friend and principal assistant, that he would make the vault large enough to contain him also. " No," said Allan, " I should Rot like, even when lam dead, to be shut up. I would far rather rest where the daisies will grow over my head." As A DANDIED FELLOW was wending his way through a narrow passage, he met a pretty girl, and said to her, "Pray, my dear, what do you call this passage ?" " Oa laam's passage," she replied. " Ah, then," continued the fellow, "I am like Balaam—stopped by an angel." " And I," rejoined the girl as she pushed past him, " am like the angel—stopped by an ass." BATHOS.—Some years ago, during a discussion respect ing the Bank of Waterford, an honourable member said, " I conjure the Right Honourable the Chancellor of the Exchequer to pause in his dangerous career, and desist from a course only calculated to inflict innumerable cala mities on my country—to convulse the entire system of society with anarchy and revolution—to shake the very pillars of civil government itself—and to cause a fall in the price of butter in Waterford." THE DAUGHTER Of a celebrated countess was about to marry, in a few days, a very amiable gentleman, but whose years, unfortunately, numbered thirty-six, while his in tended only reached eighteen. Though naturally of a cheerful disposition, she had seemed sad for several days, which at last attracted the attention of the mother. 'My dear child,' said the latter, one evening, `how serious you look ! What are you thinking about so deeply ;'— Mam ma,' replied the Miss, with a deep sigh, 'l'm thinking my future husbandiijust double my age.--` That's true but no matter; you don't think him old at thirty-six ?'—` No, it's not so bad now—but just think when I shall be fifty.' Well, what then ?'—` Why, then, he'll be a hundred !' CHARGES OF CAVALET.—The Great Frederick won his principal battles—fifteen out of twenty-two—by cavalry charges. It was a maxim of his day and of his army that infantry and artillery were powerless against the mad surg ing wave of the Prussian horse. His two chief officers were Ziethen and Siedlidtz. These two generals devoted all their thoughts to making the men good horsemen. The great point to obtain was that they should charge at full speed for 1,000 yards without breaking their array. This point was gained, and with it the fate of battles. In many of the contests, during the Seven Years' War, the Prussian cavalry literally swept whole armies out of the field like chaff before the wind. The arm of these horse men was the sword—the secret of their victories, good horsemanship.—RevieteofCapt. Nolan's Cavalry Tactics. THE BEST EDUCATION.—The ancient Athenians were the most intelligent community the world ever saw, and yet there were few of those who had conquered the Persians, or gazed on the Parthenon, or listened to Pericles, or ap plauded the works of /Eschylus and Sophodes, who knew how to write or read. What was it that taught them to be aspiring yet practical, to be valiant and yet humane ? Why, that which teaches the Englishman—the talk and the habits of every-day life, the custom of self-government, the consciousness of liberty, and the electrical transit of stirring ideas that come from the common interest in public affairs ; the present constant intercourse between man and man, that frank publicity of opinion, that sympathy of united numbers which carries to the multi tude every more useful and vivid thought which genius or study originates in a few. It is all this which teaches the Englishman, and gives to our people the superiority, in the real enlightenment of their common ideas and the masculine energy with which they carry their ideas into Bulwer Lytton. AMERICAN ECCENTRICITIES IN PARIS.—Mr. mason, the American Minister at Paris, is highly respected; bat it is unfortunate that, at a time like the present, with a general war about involving the whole continent, he does not understand French. An American correspondent writes, " Our citizens are here in crowds, and present themselves in great numbers to Mr Mason for presenta tion to the Emperor. At a recent levee our good-tempered minister at the head of some thirty or more of his country , men, said to the Emperor, as he stooped before the group, " Permit me to introduce your Majesty to my country men; they are all Americans. Thisjturning of tables by introducing the Emperor, only created a smile; but one of the group made a much more unfortunate error. He was a New Yorker, and had been, it appears, personally acquainted with Louis Napoleon when in former days the latter was in that city. Of this, in very bad taste, he re minded the Emperor, and then added, `I hope to have again the pleasure of seeing your Majesty in New York: " This was almost as bad as the speech of a lady to George the Third, " That the thing she most wanted to see was a coronation!" Lours NAPOLEON AT THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. — Close by Kilwinning is situated Eglinton Castle, the princely mansion of the Montgomeries, Earls of Eglinton, who have held the domain for nearly five centuries. At this noble residence in August, 1839, Archibald William, the fifteenth and present earl, revived the disused and almost forgotten pageant of a tournament. The arrange ments for the tilting and its chivalrous accomplishments were magnificent and costly, thousands from all quarters of the kingdom flocking to witness the alluring spectacle, the gentle and courteous sports of which were participated in by numerous members of the British peerage. Among the participators in those chivalrous gaieties were many who bore patrician names of old renown, and not a few graced the assembly of knights who represented the chivalry of lands beyond our sea-girt isle. One of those eminent exotics was a slenderly built, dark-complexioned, and thoughtful, albeit impulsive and withal wayward young man, whose easy and nonchalant grace of demea nour, combined with a certain resoluteness of purpose and fertility of resource in trivial emergencies, served to point him out as somewhat remarkable, while his gentleness and suavity of manner secured for him general observation not unmingled with esteem. At that time, little distinguished from the noble personages by whom he was surrounded, it would have been difficult for even the keenest scrutineer of coming events to have pointed him out as the future ruler of the French Empire—the man 1W whose energy, sagacity, and unhesitating boldness a newAurn was to be given at a critical and dangerous moment to the destinies of France, and whose unbending firmness of purpose seems yet likely to exercise an important influence over the moral and social condition of Europe. Yet so it was—that isolated, self-possessed but unobtrusive individual, mingling carelessly in the pastimes of the tilt-yard, was Louis Napo leon, at that time but little marked except by an unenvia ble notoriety which had attached to him from his some what mad-cap exploits at Strasbourg—though destined subsequently to grasp and to wield supreme control over one of the most powerful nations on the face of the earth. —Banks' Guide to the Land of Scott and Burns— unpublished. OMBR PACHA is a Sclavonian by birth, forty-eight years of age, and has been in the Turkish service for up wards of twenty years. When he entered that service, he was obliged by the Turkish custom to change his name, which he did, from " Lattas "to " Omer ." It appears that he never informed his family of the circumstance, and was, to them, as lost. His eldest brother, Simon Lat tas, is fifty years of age, and has been residing in Jassy, a town on the Pruth, for many years past, devoting his time to mercantile pursuits. About ten years since, an officer informed him that his brother, Omer, had been killed on the field of battle, and that he (the officer) had seen him both dead and buried. Having been thus so positively informed of his brothers death, Simon naturally concluded that the information must be correct. In the month of August, 1853, Simon Lattas was one day regal ing himself with a cup of coffee at one of the numerous cafe's in the ancient town of Jassy, and not having any friend to talk with, took up a French newspaper that was lying on the table. After having read the current news of the day, he accidentally fell upon a short biography of the celebrated Turkish commander, Omer Pacha:— and from mere curiosity commenced its perusal. He was rather astonished to find that Omer Pacha formerly bore the family name of Lattas ; and from several circumstances related in the memoir, began to think that the renowned general might, by some accident, prove to be—his own long-lost younger brother. Yet, how could this be, when he had (what he considered) positive proof of his brother's death ? The information, which he had thus casually acquired, dwelt so much upon his mind, that he determined at once to write to Omer Pacha. He addressed his letter to Chumla, where Omer Pacha was at that time residing. Simon shortly after wards left Jassy for Varna, accompanied by his son, a fine, tall, strong-built lad, fifteen years and a-half old. Soon after his arrival at Varna, he received, through Omer Pacha's first aide-de-camp, a reply to the letter he had forwarded from Jassy. What ! what do you imagine was his brother's astonishment when he read the answer ? His own dear brother was alive—yea, still alive, and anxiously waiting, with open arms, to receive him. Omer had sent his confidential aide-de-camp to welcome, and con duct him, with all speed to Chumla.. On arriving there, Omer Pacha came out to meet him, and in an instant re cognized his brother Simon. But Simon did not so readily remember his younger brother, owing, perhaps, to the grey hairs which now adorn his head and beard. This was truly a romantic and affecting scene': Omer Pacha surrounded by his staff, meeting and embracing his long lost brother, whom he had not met for more than thirty two years. In commemoration of this happy event, the Sultan has been pleased to confer on Omer Pacha's nephew, the rank, title, and pay of commander in the Imperial Army. He has, therefore, been received into the Turkish service, with the appellation of Bimbashe, Omer Bey.— Rhodes' Military Inspection of European Turkey, .MURDER BY A STEPMOTHER. AT the Thames Police-court, London, before Mr. Ing ham, Mary Anne Alice Seagar, a most repulsive-looking woman, 32 years of age, residing at 2, York-street, Philpot street, Commercial-road, was charged with causing the death of William Seagar, her step-son, on the previous evening. The prisoner, whose second husband, the father of the deceased child, is a stone-cutter, was formerly a dresser at the Victoria Theatre, and sometimes went on in the groups. The details of the evidence were so re volting that they drew tears from the magistrate as he examined the principal witness, the sister of the deceased, a little girl 13 years of age, who seemed perfectly cog nizant of the nature of an oath, and gave her evidence with a fearfully distinct minuteness. The prisoner, who paced the dock with a theatrical air, and assumed various positions, which she intended should be imposing, evi dently tried to appear indifferent, but was shaken and unnerved at some portions of the evidence. After some evidence as to blows having been heard, Anne Cooper Seagar, daughter of the prisoner, was sworn. Her ap pearance excited the deepest commiseration. She was miserably clad, notwithstanding her father's earnings, which are considerable; and the bones starting through her skin presented a perfect picture of famine. She had several marks of violence on her face, and one severe cut under the right eye. She said—l am 13 years of age. I was in the room when it happened. My two brothers were there, Tommy and Willy. [Tommy is the prisoner's child by her first husband, and is sleek and comfortable; the deceased boy was quite as much a skeleton as his sister.] Tommy was seven years and Willy six. Willy complained to his father that Tommy beat him, and father chastised Tommy. When mother came in, Tommy told her Willy had got him into a row. Mother put Willy to bed, but he got up and sat on the box. Mother knocked him off with a blow of her fist. He got up again, and mother strapped him with a strap over his waist. and arms. He got up again and undressed himself, when she hit him with her hand on the temple. Mother put him into a tub of water after hitting him twice—once on the arm and once on the head. He could hardly move before he was put into , the water. She took him out for he was not able to move, and my brother Tommy wiped him and put him to bed- He got up again, and mother told him to rub a teatray. He rubbed it a little, but could not do it, so mother took him by the feet and shook him. She took him up again, I think by his head, and threw him across the room. He fell on the boards and could not move. She caught him again, I cannot say how,. and threw him by the box, and kicked him. Mr. Ingham— Where did she kick him? Witness—l cannot tell where. She then threw him onl his back in a chair, and his head was hanging down. She said to me, "Now you —,. you may do what you like with him." I said, " Get up, Billy, off that chair, and let me wash you," but he coin not. Then mother hit me. She knocked me down and. kicked me. Then father knocked; I did not go down, as I was washing the slop- Mr. Ingham—What slop ? Witness—The water and blood. Father knocked again, and mother said, "Go down,. and'_ let the in." I let him in. He went up stairs, and stopped about a minute. I stayed in the yard, that father should not see my face; because, if he saw it, I'd catch it from, mother. My eye was pouring blood. All my thingss at home, and all my brother's things, are smothered in blood. As I was coming out of the yard, and father was coming down stairs, he said, " What is the matter with your eye ?" I said, nothing, sir. When I came up, mother said, " Why were.you not here when your father - was here ?" I said I went into the yard to hide my face. She said, "You lie, you crafty --. You were outside the door listening." I said, "No I was not, mother." My brother Billy was in bed then. Mother told him to get up and wipe his face ;it was smothered with blood. He could not get up, and as he sat in the bed she kicked him, and made a lump on his forehead as round as a walnut. She kicked him half a dozen times, onceson the forehead. She then took him by the hair, and threw him quite across the room. My eldest brother said, "Don't hit the poor fellow any more, or you'll kill him, and be hung for it?' My mother took the pepper-box, and threw it at Tom for saying so. Mother then took Billy up ; he was dead. His mouth and eyes were wide open,. and his face was pouring blood everywhere. Mother sent Tommy for four pennyworth of brandy, and poured some into Willy's mouth, but he could not swallow it. Mother - said, " Oh, I shall be hung," and then said, "Mind, be fell down and cut his head against the tin box." Mother then wrapped hint up in a sheet, and took him to the hospital. The prisoner was committed for trial for wilful murder. EXTRAORDINARY TRTAIL Al NE W. YORK. A TRIAL at New York of several days' durationhas excited great interest in that city. Mrs. Clara Hayes, described as an accomplished lady, was indicted for the murder of Dr. Lutener, a physician. The Hayes and Lutener families both lived at Haarlem, near New York, and had lleen for some months on visiting terms. Dr. Lutener had afi office, or chambers,. in Broadway, New York. The evidence in troduces the parties concerned on an evening about a month before' the murder. Mrs. Hayes was ill and in bed. Mrs. Lutener had been staying with her all• day. Dr. Lutener came in the evening and brought some•medicine, and he and Mr. Hayes played at dominoes in the room. A dispute arose about the game; Mrs. Hayes, took the doctor's part against her husband ; eventually the domi noes were put up, and the Luteners left. The next morn ing Mrs. Hayes sent a message to Dr. Lutener who then went to her, and returned with her to his own house, where she remained for some days. She informed Mrs. Lutener that Mr. Hayes had told her to leave• the house. Mrs. Hayes went several times into New York with Dr.. Lutener, with a view to some arrangment with her hus band. One meeting at Dr. Listener's office was fully de scribed. Mr. Hayes came there and said he wanted to speak to his wife; she told him, if he advanced another step she would jump out of the window. High words ensued. He said he would " show her up, what she was ;" she stepped up to him and slapped his: face, and said, "take that for your impudence." Mr. Hayes talked in a threatening tone. The doctor stepped forward and took a revolver out of his pocket, and said, I al/treacly for you.' Mr. Hayes also took a pistol from his pocket ; but eventually he went out. Mrs. Hayes snatched up the revolver, and was following him, but the doctor took her by the shoulder and said that would not do, and brought her back. A young woman of the name of Shipman, who was living with the Listeners at the time, doing sewing work, and who was at the doctor's office, said, " Mrs. Hayes, you could not use it, could you ? " She answered, " Ah, see if I can't." The doctor said, "If that was aimed at me, I should be inclined to dodge a little' Two or three days after, Mrs. Hayes told Miss Shipman she had had an inter view with Mr. Hayes, and she thought she should go back to him. The doctor told her to do as she pleased, .but that he had done all he could to protect her, and if she got into such a scrape again she must not come to him. She did go back, and on the same day Mrs. Lutener went to Mr. Hayes, and demanded an apology for insinuations he had made to the prejudice of the doctor ; whereupon Mr. Hayes wrote a note, stating, that he did not believe there had been anything improper between his wife and the doctor, and handed the note to Mrs. Hayes, who gave it to Mrs. Lutener. We hear nothing more of the par ties for some days, except that Mrs. Hayes was very anxious to get back some letters she had given to the doc tor, or left with him, and said to be (or to include) letters of Mr. Hayes's, written to her when she was in England. The judge said of these papers, that it was very natural, if they were the papers produced at the trial, (but not sufficiently indentified), that she should plead urgently for the restitution of them, to prevent their publication by the doctor or transmission to certain parties in Europe. On the Saturday before the murder Miss Ship man found Mrs. Hayes at the doctor's office, and, on asking her if she was not ill, Mrs. Hayes answered that she was very ill and miserable, and did not know what she should do if she did not get the letters—that Mr. Hayes would kill her. " Yes, " she said, " he would not be satisfied with killing me, he would chop me up into little pieces as small as my little finger. " She said, "to be exposed as she should be, she should be ruined ; she was a woman Mr. Hayes was a man and cared less ; he could get away." She said, the doctor could not realize how it was coming on her, but she could not blame him because she had given the letters to him. Miss Shipman observed, " that the doctor would not be forced to do any thing. " Mrs. Hayes said, " she knew that." Miss Ship man asked her, " what induced her to pursue the course she had, as it led the doctor to think that she had deceived him from the first ?" She answered, " I know it, but I did not think of my children. " She asked if the doctor had gone out of town as he intended, and on being answered in the negative, remarked, " Well, he'll never go." Miss Shipman said, "If Mr. Hayes had abused me as you describe, I would not be afraid of any man." Mrs. Hayes answered, " Before, I had no particular occasion to be. " She was in the doctor's office nearly the whole day, pleading with him, but in vain. On the Monday, also, Mrs. Hayes was in New York all the morning, and when she returned home she told her nurse-girl that the doctor would not give the papers up, and she said he had nearly killed her, and she would kill him. On the next morning Miss Shipman, who had been away for two days, went to the doctor's office ; she had occasion to go out on an errand, and left the doctor alone in his consulting room ; when she returned he was lying on the floor shot dead ; a small pistol was near him. His own loaded revolver lay in his drawer close by. Mrs. Hayes had gone out that morning and said she was going to town ; she was absent from home all the morning. She had a small pistol in the house. Early on that morning her nurse-girl saw Mr. Hayes with it in the yard ; he fired it off once ; the nurse girl did not think she saw the pistol after that day. A woman, closely veiled, corresponding in appearance with Mrs. Hayes, was seen to enter the house where Dr Lute ner had his office soon after the time when Miss Shipman, must have gone out ; the witness who made this state ment thought it was the same woman he had seen a few weeks before in company with Miss Shipman and Dr. Lutener in the street. Miss Shipman, Dr. Lutener, and Mrs. Hayes had been together in the street a few weeks before, on their way to a police-office, to ask protection for Mrs. Hayes against her husband's violence. On the part of Mrs. Hayes evidence was given by a Mr. H all, that for an hour, including the time of the murder, Mrs. Hayes was at his office, a mile off. Two other persons saw her enter his office. Several things tendered in evidence were objected to and excluded, among them a paper which the doctor wrote and addressed to Miss Shipman the afternoon before his death. When the evidence was closed, the counsel agreed to let the case go to the jury without a speech on either side. The judge therefore at once proceeded to sum up. The jury found that Dr. Listener did not die by his own hand, but that the evidence that was allowed to come before them was not sufficient to convict the prisoner, Clara Hayes. A NOVEL MODE OF BORILOWING.—A person named Blake, who, from his military appearance, has earned the sou briquet of " Capt. Blake," was indicted at the Middle sex sessions, on Monday, on a charge of robbing a gentle man named Mannock, of a £lO note, at the Imperial Hotel. It appeared that Mr. Mannock had, just before the robbery, lent him £6 ; and after he had departed, missed the note from his cash-box. The prisoner admitted that he took the note ; but pleaded that , he meant to regard it as a loan. The prosecutor seconded the merciful recom mendation of the jury ; but the court severely deprecated the prisoner's conduct, and sentenced him to ?ix Mont} s' imprisonment 0 IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS.—TIIESDAY, Mey 23. CHURCH PROPERTY.—The Episcopal and Capitular Bill passed through committee, on the understanding that the measure should be referred to the select committee. DOG CLETS.—Lord LONDEBBOROUGH moved the se cond reading of the Dangerous Animals Bill, which proposed to extend to the rural districts the provisions now in force in the metropolis with regard to the use of dogs for drawing carts.—After some discussion the bill was negatived without a division. LAW REFORM.—The house went into committee on the Common Law Procedure. Bill, No. 2. Lord ST. Lzorriun's objected to the bill for other reasons as well as on account of the change which it proposed to introduce as to unani mity of juries. He was inclined to give way to some extent on this point, but not to go the lengths contem plated by the bill.—The LOUD CHANCELLOR defended the bill, which, he maintained, would be most useful, and which had been prepared with care.—After some further discussion the bill passed through committee, with verbal amendments. The Lordships adjourned at twenty minutes to eight o'clock. ........,,..,,I HOUSE OF LORDS.—FRIDAY, MAY 26. TILE VIENNA. PROTOCOL.—Lord CLARENDON stated, in reply to Lord CLANRICARDE, that the treaty between Austria and Prussia would be laid before the House as soon as the protocol in which it had been embodied had been received. With respect to Persia, the last intelli gence received by the Government was to the effect that Persia had determined to remain neutral in the war be tween Turkey and Russia. - - RAILWAY TRA.FFIC.—The committee on the Railway and Canal Traffic Bill was postponed, in consequence of the absence of the Lord Chief Justice. TENANT RIGHT.—The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Bill, and the Powers of Leasing (Ireland) Bill were read a third time and passed. MANNING THE NAVY.—The Duke of NEWCASTLE moved that the Hoase resolve itself into committee on the Bill for Manning the Navy, and proceeded to explain the objects aimed at by the measure.—A discussion of con siderable length ensued, in which Lords ELLEN/30E01:7MT, HARDWICITE, and COLCHESTER took party after which the bill passed through committee. The Church Building Acts Amendment Bill was read a third time and passed. _ The Dublin Port Bill was read a second time. Their lordships adjourned at ten minutes to eleren o'clock. HOUSE OF COMMON'S-TUESDAY, MAy 23, PsTrnorrs for the abolition of church-rates were pre sented by Sir W. CLAY, from Liverpool and Runcorn ; by Mr. Prworra-ras, from the inhabitants of Over Dtcwen and Blackburn ; by Mr. THOWNELEY, from the Unitarian congregation at Birkenhead ; by Mr. JACKSON, From Newcastle-under-Lyne; by Mr. HA.DFIELD, from the First Baptist Chapel, Preston ; and; the Tippington-street Chapel, Manchester ; by Colonel• BIDDULPH, from Wrex ham,' county of Denbigh ; from the parish of Gresford, Denbigh; from the Protestant Dissenters of Wrexham; from-Glyndwrdwy, county of Merioneth; from the Pres byterian congregation, Wrexham; from Pen-y-bryn chapel; Wrexham ; from the Hope Paper Mills, county of Flint;. from the parish of Brymbo; and by Sir GEORGE . STRICKLAND, from Preston. TREATY BETWEEN ENGLAND, FIVAINCE AND TURKEY. — Lord J. RUSSELL laid on the table the treaty concluded,: between Her Majesty, the Emperor of the French, an& the Sultan. CHURCH RATES.. Sir W..CLAY moved for leave to bring in a bill for the entire abolition of church-rates. His- bill would consist of only two clauses, one abolished church-rates, and the other provided that, where the rates were charged by act of Parliament with a trust, they should subsist until the trust ceased. The motion' was seconded by Mr. PETO. In the course- of the discussion which followed, Lord STANLEY said he thought, if Parliament left this question alone for kur or five years, it would settle itself. The real hardship, he considered, was not felt by those who objected to pay church-rates, but by those who, in conse quence of our retaining a law which public feeling ren dered inoperative, were compelled, by the obligation cast upon then of maintaining the fabrieof the church, to re- ' sort to a rate, in preference to voluntary contributions. He thought the time had come for abandoning the com pulsory principle. The country had. practically decided the question,snd it was the duty of Parliament to acquiesce. Mr. Dararstorin said, that every argument which had been used in, favour of this proposition was equally valid against thesupport of an established•church. It was very easy to talk, about the delight of brethren dwelling to. gether in unity, and, as Gibbon Wakefield had found that all the prisoners in Newgate were entirely of opinion that the only causes of trouble in the town were judge, magis trate, and policeman, so those gentlemen who objected to church-rates thought this question would be amicably settled if they were allowed to rob the church with im punity. Why, they talked about this question being settled, and there was not a person who had talked of any other settlement whatever than that of refusing to. pay the church-rates. Would not this be letting them have their own way in robbing the church ? People were , very fond of talking about their consciences—and he had no objection to their doing so if' they pleased—but there was always, likewise, a secret insinuation that nobody else had a conscience. Now, in all: countries in the world of which we had any record, the Sovereign had established, for the benefit of his subjects,, a national religion, audit was the conscientious duty of every subject of that Sove reign to assist him in doing what was necessary for the religious instruction of his. subjects. "Yes," they said, " but then we have this blessed thing called ' dissent:" Now, dissent was a luxury; and people must pay for their luxuries. You could not keep a pack of hounds or have a box at the Opera without paying for them, and why, were you to have the luxury of abusing bishops and of attack ing chuich establishments, and not pay in return for it the miserable pittance of a church-rate ? But this W 25 not all. He said, with respect to the abolition of church-rates, the same thing that he , said with respect to tithes. There was a great outcry for the abolition of tithes, the meaning of which was that every landlord wished to put one-tenth more of church property into his pocket. He objected to this, because, if tithes were to be abolished, he. said, let the State take them. His opinion was the• same with regard to these rates. You had bought every one of your houses and rentcharges with the burden of these rates upon them ; you should not put them into your pocket, but let the Chancellor of the Exchequer take possession of them. You had naright to them, and, if your' consciences did not allow you to pay them to the State, he should suspect that it was not a question of conscience, but of money after all. Lord J. RUSSELL, after adverting to various plans for dealing with church-rates, and to the conflicting views upon this question, acknowledged that he had no expecta tion, if this source o f di ssens i on were remove d, th a t tran quillity would be established between the Dissenters and the Church. He believed, he said, that this demand would be followed by others of the same nature, and, if the principle was to be concession, and nothing but con cession, he was not prepared to say how far parliament might not be obliged to go. At the same time he was far from being blind to the difficulties which beset this ques tion, to the unsatisfactory state of the law, and to the scandal and illwill to which it gave rise. The subject must, however, be considered with reference to the rights of the church, and a settlement of the question must be based upon that consideration, and he was disposed to think it would be far better not to attempt during the present session to find a solution of this great problem. Church-rates should not be totally abolished without a substitute, and he must, therefore, vote against the intro duction of this bill, which would give rise to a belief that parliament was not disposed to continue that support to the Established Church which it had hitherto given, and be a symptom that other attacks upon the church would be successful._ Upon a division, the motion for leave to bring in the bill was carried by 129 against 62. The Industrial and Provident Societies Bill passed through committee. The house adjourned at a quarter past ten o'clock. WEDNESDAY, MAY 24. PETITIONS were presented by Mr. 0. STANLEY, from the attorneys and solicitors of Chester, praying that all the originals of wills be retained within the district in which they are proved ; and by Mr. MOWBRAY, from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts ; from the Church Building Society ; and from the Society for Promoting the Employment of Additional Curates in Populous Places, against sections 13 and 10 of the Mort main Bill. _ _ PROPERTY DISPOSAL BILL. — The order of the day for the resumption of the adjourned debate (sth of April) on the question of the second reading of this bill, having been read, Mr. MALINS rose to support the motion, the object of which was to prevent women who had professed them selves nuns from executing deeds or other instruments for the disposal of property in favour of the conventual estab lishments of which they have become members.—ln the course of the discussion, in which many Irish members took part, Mr. H. T. LIDDELL regretted the bitter reli gious animus which was always forced into these discus sions, so much so that even a place of refuge for destitute children could not be proposed to the house without members seizing it as a battle-field for their disputes ; but he trusted that the prophecy as to these discussions lead ing eventually to the severance of Church and State would not be verified. In considering this question, he thought that it ought to be borne in mind that the very establish ment, of these monastic institutions was of questionable legality, and was, in fact, forbidden by the Emancipation Act. He considered that the attacks constantly made upon the member for Hertford as very unjust, inasmuch as that member by his motion never intended to drag Romanist ladies before the country, but merely to direct the attention of the house to the present position of these convents, the great increase in their numbers and great augmentation of their revenues, which there was little doubt must, some day or other, be seriously considered. He protested against the notion that members who sup ported this measure had any desire to violate or offend the feelings of the Romanist, and he referred with pleasure to the vote he had given in 1829 on the Emancipation Act, as a proof that he was then, and had always been, averse to dealing narrowly with the free opinions of any party. The real question was—were there any persons in these institutions who were in a state of spiritual and moral subjection so as to be deprived of their civil rights. He thought there were such persons, and, also, that there were others so circumstanced as to be subject to an undue influence in the disposition of their property for the benefit of these convents, and to the injury and exclusion of their friends. These were the reasons why he would support the present measure. He thought, however, that the first part of the bill was worded too stringently, so much so that he should certainly suggest its amendment in com mittee, because his only object was to protect the interests of the Romanists, not to offend their feelings.—A quarter to six o'clock having arrived, the debate stood again adjourned. • CRUELTY TO ANIMALS. — The Cruelty to Animals Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The house adjourned at five minutes to six o'clock. THURSDAY, MAY 25. The Chester, Farndon, and Worthenbury Road Bill, and the East Lancashire, Lancashire and Yorkshire, and Man. chester and Southport Railways Bill were read a third time and passed. PETITIONS for the closing of publichouses and beershops on Sundays were presented by Mr. ADDERLEY, from St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, Mr. L. HEYWORTII (6,) from congre gations of chapels in Wrexham, and (3) from adjacent hamlets, and by Mr. MosryN, from the guardians of the poor of the Holywell 'Union, in Flintshire ; and also the inhabitants of the town of Buckley, in Flintshire. SKIPPING BONDS.—In answer to a question, Mr. Wm son said, a proposal had been made to the Treasury to allow one common bond to be taken for the whole of the goods shipped on board a given vessel, notwithstanding that they belonged to a variety of proprietors, but one bond would be insufficient for the purposes of which it was required, as it was impossible that the captain of a ship could answer for the use which was to be made of warlike stores when they had been removed from this country. After careful consideration the Government had, there fore, come to the conclusion that it would be impossible to accept a common bond, but that each individual ship per on whose good faith a shipment of goods took place should be made answerable. BANKRUPTCY LAws.—To a question whether it was the intention of Her Majesty's Government to introduce any measure during the present session founded on the recent report of the Bankruptcy Commission. Lord J. RUSSELL replied that the Government had determined not to introduce any measure on the subject in the course of the present session. THE OATHS BILL. The second reading of the Oaths Bill having been read, Sir F. TIMMER adverted to the delay which had oc curred in the prosecution of the measure, which he attri buted to Lord J. Russell having some mistrust of the prudence of the step the government had taken in origi nating it. After an able speech, in which the speaker said, that so far from the bill being the proper mode of providing for the admission of Jews into the legislature, it seemed to be intended rather for the benefit of Romanists, he concluded by moving that the bill be read a second time that day six months. The CHANCELLOR of the Eitel/E'er En said, he attached no virtue to particular declarations as tending to the maintenance of the church establishment ; its strength lay in the opinion of the country. He contended that Romanists in that house were entitled to the same amount of liberty and freedom of action as were enjoyed by Pro testant members ; and be concluded by expressing his opinion that Lord John Russell had rendered a conspi cuous and valuable service in handing over to the axe of the executioner a bundle of useless oaths which served as pitfalls to tender consciences, while they caused bold men to disregard conscience altogether. • Mr. NAPTER insisted on the importance of the oaths proposed to be abolished as protective against foreign aggression, and contended that our duty to our sovereign and country should impel us to hold by the securities which the wisdom of our ancestors-had set up, whit+ were involved in the Bill of Rights, and formed the basis of the constitution. Mr. H. T. LIDDELL said they were called upon togive their assent to the second reading of a bill both extraor dinary and unusual: The noble lord had certainly started with some advantage on his side, because, following the example of a noble and learned lord who last year brought the question before the House of Peers, he had proposed to do away with certain superfluous oaths which had been• applicable to an entirely different period of our history. To that part of the measure he had no objection. But the noble lord proposed, as his second object, to modify by the alteration the oath now taken by the members of the house ; and the third object he had in view was to facili tate, as it were, by a side-door, the admission of Jews into the house. Lord J. RussELL.—No: by a front door. (A laugh.) Mr. H. T. LIDDELL.—%' a front door, if the noble lord liked ; but, as far as the preamble went, there was no mention of the admission of Jews. With regard to the alteration of the oath which formed the great compact between the Protestants or this country and the Doman iits, who were admitted to the full advantages and privi leges of the British constitution, by the Act of 1829, he declared his unqualified objection, and would not consent to any change - in the oath whatever. Why,. he asked, should he consent to change it ?—Had any one com plained ?—Had any one been obstructed by it in obtaining admission to the house ? It was impossible to bring a single instance ; and when he recollected the long and painful struggle which took place before the Act was ob tained—that for half a century at least the country was convulsed by repeated attempts in both houses in favour of that measure—that it was only carried after immense sacrifices, not merely of interest, but of character, by the ministry who . passed the measure, he, for one, would not consent in any way to give a chance of reviving those ani mosities and straggles which were then happily termi nated. Much had been justly said of the unchanging and unchangeable nature of that mighty engine which still existed in the Papacy ; and he quoted from an historical work of Voltaire the testimony - of that able man to the power and subtlety of Rome. That was the unchanged and unchangeable system which , had caused so much dif ficulty and trouble in this country, and with the support ers of which the Legislature had; 1829, entered into a solemn compact, to which he had' himself been a party, and which he could not consent- to tamper with or to shake. When Sir R. Peel proposed that great change which removed the fetters previously imposed upon our Romanist fellow-subjects, various securities were sug gested to reconcile the people of England to the mea sure, and eventually a particular form of oath was the security adopted. He could not but think that it was an act of great political rashness and , imprudence on the part of Lord J. Russell to attempt to disturb the compact then made by repealing the oath which had been incorporated in the measure of 1829. Ile could assure the House that the people of England, and especially the great community he represented, were most sensitive upon this subject, and, although he believed they would view with regret any change which would necessitate-the exclusion of any class from that assembly, he was satisfied that they would re gard, with feelings of the greatest alarm, any alteration in that form of oath which was- the only security possessed by the State against the possible encroachments of the church of Rome. The noble- lord had admitted that one of the main objects of this bill was the admission of Jews to the Commons' House of Parliament. He (Mr. Liddell) had never been able to vote in favour of the admission of Jews into Parliament, and in 1829, when the question was first brought forward with great ability by Mr. R. Grant, he had felt it his duty to vote against the proposition, and had pursued the same course on several subsequent occa sions. He had been confirmed in the resolution not to vary his vote by the perusal of an able essay, written he believed, by Mr. Macauley, and which appeared in the Edinburgh Review, in which the subject was, in his opinion, treated with ridicule which might have well been spared in discussing a matter of such solemnity. The essayist spoke with mockery of " essentially Christian Governments," and said they might as well talk of" essen tially Protestant cookery," or " essentially Christian horse manship." Now it was an ancient and reverend custom in that House• to offer up prayer to the Supreme Being every day before the commencement of its proceedings, in the name of their common Redeemer. If that practice were continued, the members of the House must profess themselves to be Christians ; but if those who regarded the Redeemer as an impostor and a cheat were admitted into the House, he would not be surprised to find them object to the reading of the prayers, as a grievance to themselves, and as wounding their consciences. How would such an objection be met ? The objectors might be told, "If these are your opinions, why do you not absent yourselves while prayers are read ?" But they would reply, "It is the practice of members who attend prayers to secure them selves places in the House for the remainder of the even ing ; therefore, either give us places which we may retain without being disturbed, or we shall be compelled to at tend prayers which are an offence to our consciences." He conceived that it w . most desirable to avoid such a scan dal as this contingey would occasion. He did not think sufficient ground had been shown for the change proposed by the bill, and he should therefore feel it his duty to vote against the measure. After some further discussion, Lord J. RUSSELL, in the course of his speech, argued that the oath contained in the Emancipation Act had not prevented Romanist members, with the exception of one or two, from voting for depriving the Church of Ireland of its temporalities. Mr. O'Connell contended that the oath applied only to the doctrine and discipline of the church, and was evident from the votes of Romanist members generally, that it afforded no pro tection to the reveues of the church. Under these circumstances it would be wise to alter the oath , so as v to leave Romanist members at liberty to take what course they might think proper to adopt on any question comin g before the house, without exposing themselves to the reproach of violitting their oaths. - With respect to that part of the bill which would admit Jews to seats in par liament, he had nothing new to say. The claims of the Jews were founded on justice, and he trusted they would not be made the victims of religious intolerance because they were few in number. Mr. DISRA.ELI claimed to be a friend to religious tole rance, but it was not on that ground he advocated the political emancipation of Her Majesty's Jewish subjects. He did so because the Jewish race was that to which the human family was most deeply indebted, and countries in which Jews had been persecuted had always suffered by a decay of posterity. Lord J. Russell ought to have made a plain straightforward attempt to effect the repeal of Jewish disqualifications, instead of endeavouring to gain his object by the omission of a few words at the end of an oath. The oaths which this bill proposed to deal with might be obnoxious to verbal criticism ; but it should be recollected that important political associations were con nected with those oaths. All the oaths dealt with by the bill, however, sank into insignificance compared with the Romanist oath. A distinction must be drawn between the Pope and Papacy. The Papacy was one of the great est inventions of the human mind, and its influence was as great now as at any former period of the history of the world. Three or four years ago the Prime Minister of this country came down to the House of Commons and announced the existence of a Papal conspiracy against the Protestant liberties of this country. Had the Papacy abandoned the conspiracy ? No; it was not as changeable as an English minister. Believing that the bill would excite alarm in England, and revive the spirit of animosity between Romanists and Protestants, he felt it necessary to record his vote against it. Mr. MuNTz always supported Lord J. Russell in his attempts to relieve the Jews from their disabilities, but would vote against this bill, because he was resolved not to interfere with the oath in the Emancipation Act. Upon a division the numbers were— For the amendment Against it Majority against Ministers The bill is therefore lost. The Consolidated Fund (£8,000,000) Bill passed through committee. The Drainage of Landsßill was put through committee pro forma. The Exchequer Bonds Bill was read a first time. The house adjourned at a quarter to two o'clock. FRIDAY, 3ar 26. The Stockport Rectory Division Bill was read a third time and passed. PETITIONS against the sale of intoxicating drinks on Sun days were presented by Mr. TOLLEMACHE from Wheelock and Bruera, in the county of Chester. BLOCKADES.—In answer to Mr. Ileadlam, who wished to know whether an effective blockade was now hi force against any of the Russian ports in the Baltic or Black Sea, Sir J. GRAHAM said that a rigorous blockade of the TUESDAY, MAY 30, 1854. Russian coast had been instituted both in the Baltic h i d the Black Sea, and, although official notice of the fact v a t not been received, there was good reason to believe t , b6 the blockade of Riga already existed. As soon to,"„i government should receive information of the blockaael other ports in the Gulf of Finland and the Black Sea 4 would be published in the Gazette, as a notice to all world. It was not at present intended to blockade " Russian coast in the White Sea. SPIRIT DIITIES.—The house having resolved.itself a committee of ways and means, Mr. WILSON 0 1 °' some resolutions relative to the duties and drawbs eks i ° l spirits in Scotland, which, he said, were approved o a „ the Scotch distillers. The resolutions were agreed to , I the house resumed. thron' h Subsequently the Excise Duties Bill passed co I Nc mmittee. to s ll/° omE TAX.—The Income Tax Bill gav e rise .0 / discussion upon the gross inequality of the tax, ' chl d Sir H. Willoughby, the Chancellor of the Exchequer'o other members took part. Ultimately the bill 1 3 '" through committee. OXFORD UNIVERSITY.—The house went into coo n°. on the Oxford University Bill. After a discussion of ott veral hours, clause 20 was agreed to, as was also claus e Lf On clause 22 being proposed, providing that menibil f , convocation might speak in the English tongue , t o WALPOLE objected to the clause, as calculated to t' tee convocation into a debating society. The coull o divided, and the clause was carried by a majority of,„ l o g to 70. Clause 23 was agreed to. On the 24th of 0 being proposed, Mr. HEYWOOD moved an amending°d e t the effect that convocation should have power to eon, its proceedings in the English tongue. After some, 0 ,4 cussion, the committee divided, and the amendnien',hei; negatived by a majority of 140 to 99. Clause 24 was 1 „ ot agreed to. Mr. BLACKETT then moved the omisa' ° '• the 25th clause, in order to substitute the folioort clause ;—"lt shall henceforward be unlawful to any oath on admission to any office or emolument said university, or the colleges thereof." After soull cussion, this amendment was withdrawn, and the was agreed to. The CHAIRMAN then reported prod The Gaming-houses Bill was read a third tulle passed. Mr. WITITESIDE obtained leave to bring in a . „ 16 1 amend the mode of forming the jurors' lists in Its and the jury system. The house adjourned at ten VP" past two. CHESHIRE AND WALES. „ r o• CAPTAIN CLAXTON,. R.N., states that any ntirc",,,' our present gunboats would not have the slightest ca' t i t , of success against a steam-gunboat such as the Pr built by Mr. Laird. i TREAT TO' SCHOOL CHILDREN.-011 TUeSdeit, •ty scholars of the day and Sunday schools attached tom Church, Birkenhead, were treated to the Zoologi e rg dens. Messrs. Willoughby, of Birkenhead and Tranai re e Ferries, very kindly conveyed them across the rive r of charge. THE EARL OF CHESTER'S Regiment of Yewn the Cavalry marched into Chester on Tuesday, under 01 command of Lient.-Colonel Lord De Tabley, for the as period of permanent' duty. very A RELIGIOUS. LECTURE is delivered on Tuesday e aet ings, in the Market-street School-room, Birkenhead , t n3 o 3 the patronage of the Rev. Andrew Knox. This rooln licensed some time-since by the Bishop of Chester Clio working-men's Sunday service, but the effort failed; new undertaking is said to be very successful. ! i ja ST. Jomes, BIRNENHEAD.—On Tuesday nesti,ot Blake will deliver a lecture in the National Schoo . krl s l Oliver-street, on. "King Charles's Restoration- - Co' and , Oliver Cromwell—and the Restoration of the lot narchy and the Church." The proceeds will be 4e: i f in aid of the funds of the schools in connexion Wl"' John's District Church, Grange-lane. WIRRAL Fanarsits! CLUB.—The gentlemen 0 04 1 this agricultural improvement society held their ins ration dinner on Tuesday, at Monks' Ferry Hotel. l e d Bolton Case, Esq., presided, and the vice-chair was by Charles Turner, Esq. The speeches were all of o _,,,`" t ed plimentary character, the "army and navy" being with uproarious applause. 1110 W CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAILWAY.—The the week ending 21st of May, 1854, was as folloiria.; Passengers, parcels, &e., per railway, £2,390 steam-boats, £443 10s. 2d.; total, £2.844 15s. Od• pef £1,600 ls. 2d.: total,. including Carn arvon tratne'cer rail,. £3,999 6s. Od. ; steam-boats, £445 10s. 2d. responding week last year, per rail, £4,314 18s. Od; steam-boats, £469 17s. 11d. Decrease £339 19s. ga• corresponding week last year was Whitsun week. , AMBROSE CLARKE, late surveyor of taxes for thee trict of Chester city, was committed for trial on Ta et ir last, for various acts of embezzlement done in the cop tion of the duties of his office. Charles H as well,lt,leil lector of the income and property tax, who is el 7 jointly with Mr. Clarke, was too ill to undergo an . nation. b 4 SHOCKING- ACCIDNNT.—On Thursday, as a la ft. named Arthur Grimes, was employed in the hold eed• steamer Lusitania, lying in the Great Float, Birkenljo a bale of goods, which was being lowered into the 101:0; accidentally fell upon, and crushed him in a s h t , ) ai / manner. He was promptly removed to the hos p i little hopes are entertained of his recovery. ,nn Pr BITEGLARY.—Thomas Hodgkinson and kinson„ who were apprehended a short time ago u ni .',itte head by Inspector Birnie, on a charge of having c r oey: r a number of burglaries in that township, were t ic f's Knutsford Sessions on Tuesday last. Both were , 5 guilty,. and Hodgkinson was sentenced to eig,lit Yea' , self to Court, be a widow, was ch arge d al 14 : the female to four y ears ' p e nal servitude. k rep A DIEMEPIITABIaI Beatlll4s on Thursday, with deg'9t it y en r i e lea se d nte p d ol h ice er t three children. The relieving-officer stated. k O,P,A woman, who was an idle, dissipated character, talk o children in a lodging-house, and they had been nialt' n ro t o 4 by the parochial authorities for eight weeks, at a tot iel,'" 4 £2.25. It was also stated that the prisoner was a lieool` thief. She was committed to the house of COr recn three months. gd osa: r l' SERIOUSACCIDENT AT BIRKENHEAD.-0 11 William Smith, aged 13 years, employed in 0001 building yard of Mr. John Laird, at Birkenhead , fe „ deP t . ; the bow of a large steamer in course of building, rose" it of about 50 feet, and was taken up in a s t a te of I m re bility. He was speedily removed to the.hospital, o f D i was ascertained that his skull, an arm, and. 011 ,,1 O ir thighs had been fractured, besides s u s taining se v "" FIRE AT CHESTER.—About one o'clock, on W o 04 it as: tusions. , morning, the premises of Messrs. B e lla and W joiners and builders, were discovered to be on fir e stl ' e o'e r° police fire engines and the engines from the ca, early on the spot ; but although every exertion la' coo l ' to arrest the progress of the flames, the- p l ac e 031,, 01 6 pletely burned down. The whole of the tiraber,re yard was destroyed, and hardly one stone was le" • another. petim BIRKENHEAD COMMISSIONEREI—The last yi d the old board will take place on Monday nel t, _,; - c ie s l l election of eight gentlemen, to supply the va r lice those members who retire by rotation, will take P A te i ; j : the following day. The retiring members are .`" Watson, Cook, Lightbound; Storey, Grahar n, r etr; Thomson, and Holmes. The three latter gentletnel", some time ago. On Thursday a meeting of both 'le live and "Reds" took place at the Park Hotel, ara,l o tes for the purpose of determining upon a list of canu i n tle l 3 be submitted to the ratepayers. The following ge 1 t were named, and, in all probability, they will o ,;l ° ' list, namely, Messrs. Cook, Aspinall, Hind, Rau , Watson„ and Hore. un' 100, fo p e ' ~, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, TRANMERE.—,,.e 40 , , D e stone of the new church of St. Paul's, near Liro n e ' rre d, Tranmere, was laid on Tuesday, by Major ''ber er l i o Lord of the Manor, who has given the site, „ " „tecl acre of land, while Mr. John Orred has Pr; -e Arno,„ ll o noble donation of £3OOO as an endowment-1 0w Wfre. those present were the Revs. Messrs. Fielden,i, Jon (the incumbent), Arthnre, Maynard, Redlleaf„ Co'' Snowball, and Barton; Mr. Harden, Judge of trped Court of Cheshire, and a number of other Inetao,,, gentlemen. On Wednesday night some ruffians c oata the foundation-stone, and abstracted the bottle!e, ofeot,, ing a 2s. piece, a shilling, a fourpenny-piece , c° 1)1 r 0, Standard and the Mercury newspapers, and a Pw,;,,e on which were inscribed the names of the ball' ii mittee. EMIGRATION FROM THE BIRKENHEAD DE e 6 ceOte emigration depot at Birkenhead has been ti,,,eljeio much bustle, in consequence of an unusually la%:pti , t er / of emigrants having been despatched for the, pai,, r i,i o the total being about 2,430. The vessels desf e t v„' sr" the Monsoon, the Columbia, the Stamboul, an d ...; of the Sea. The Ghenghis Khan and the i*t°' l l.s' ready for sea. The Black Eagle will enter the P ot tief, o 2nd June, and she will be quickly followed bYl A to per' sell, all of which will be despatched with emig7t•tb e on' • the various colonies in Australia. A great port , 4 l t sons who have lately been sent out were 7,jee' night last week no fewer than 900 emigrant s 0110 depot, 400 of whom were unmarried female' We' ; ife ting, par c e l CAUTION TO SERVANTS.—An innocents 5 0 , named Mary Berks, a servant, residing in ambledlet road, Oxton, was cunningly defrauded of a vn,,.he sW,. 4 1° on Tuesday last, by one of her own sex. called upon the unwary girl and asked her r o ' Aic g to knew of any females who were anxious toge ‘ ', er e l ore 4 As she was acquainted with six ladies 10 1 ° Thi• the antipodes, and they each wanted a sercli t e ns, st servants she said, including herself, had _„ be , e tie C g r and three more were wanted. The unsthsr'ben " - re" once expressed her wish to go to Australia , w t h e I" friend said she would require a sum of 3s. for ferry , .. 1,0 0 of entering her name at an office at Woeds i e r bes,t7ll,e girl, however, had no money, and she goe ,m e d plen , to 9 to the impostor, who, it was agreed, sholu e _oe ~o. own shawl, and with the money enable t1 1 ,, 1 .4 t pe ;;0 6 , entered at the office. It was also arranged;", the .;dle' t belonging to the servant should be returned le sn l r oo , afternoon, but, as a matter of course, the feiu s,. e , did not again make her appearance. The dn,. i .pon' but tl the eelei officials hertale have naett yet t e police-eofficelea,attolccoverd,, 100' shawl. De NEW SHIPPING YARDS AT bt - o. number of men are now employed in excav vi VA 1)- 0 6 0 , between Birkenhead and Monks' Ferries, , C or p, taken by Mr. John Laird from the Liven: o9 ' for tk, roha for shipbuilding purposes. The excavatien_„de, slip way, which is 300 feet long and 72 fib`;`,,,,ae ri pleted, and the workmen are now quarry t he O a fee! ti erection of the river wall. The excavation itt er: dock, which will be about 1,400 feet in lengitti'eneetict the s, ; in width at the broadest point, has also li co i Si t io t 1 , 7 6 being employed at it night and day. I °• l , , ,, r taig ri pe* there will be smaller slips. In less than a, in .otts, expected that a steam-engine will be fitt i V,ltue i r o opr o , , , built for the purpose on the ground, by Gehl will be ground. During the past wee ,„ a rta, sof o . new shipbuilding yards between Wooeon" a aa co' Clover used in the construction of the river wall dt i i:d w t o ll rus e 1 i tt o o to le s , Ferry slips, to be occupied by liklessrs. tsirre be lie B el a and Messrs. Clayton and M`Kerriell , .. L v o of ' nil * menced. A great portion of the riYeL ii 'don, . below Rose-brae has already been taken ra pi o excavations for the graving docks are b ho of the all e y ceeded with. The contractors for the we,. lonaoo, et are Messrs. Lee, Son, and Freeman, , act feo'caw the course of a very short time, will na_l.` A be tive k7wenhmeaedn-aenniciplwoyceedasoindethFeetrnrioess.ites of Lau.