The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-02-02 00:00:00

tmperial )ariiamcnt. HOUSE OF I.UIIDS.—MoND.i Lord GL'ENELG laid papers relm 'to Gun,da nu the table. The.set4mil reading of the Canada bill was fixed for Friday. Lord BoolnilAm. in preSentinga petitionfrom Leedsagainst ne..ro slavery ; gave 'notice, that, on - an early day, he should nuke ajuotion upon the subject, which, he hoped, would enable their lordships to meet the views of the petitioners.. The noble and learned lord then entered into a long statement of the evils resulting from the present system Of " head-money" granted to fhe„eaptors , of slave vessels, in proportion to the number of Slaves on board the captured vessels; and contended that it not only tended to aggravate the sufferings of the , un fortunate.beings who were the objects of that odious traffic, but acted as an eopourageruenf to the slave trade. The Earl of Mir and Lord GLENELG said, that the sub ject of-the, slave traild was under the earnest consideration of tl-, government ; and, after a short discussion, the petition was laid upon the table--The house then adjourned to Wednesday. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-MONDAY GLASGOW COTTON SPINNERS. Mr. WA K [AY presented the petition from the radicalassoci- Ation of Marylebune, which he had withdrawn the oth,r day on account of containing objectionable words. The petitioners stated. that their only object was to serve the men, and they had not the sh i litest intention of insulting that house. The" prayer - 610e petitioners was, that the counsel of the prisoners should be heard a t th e b ar . He could not conceive a more oh= jectionable Principle than that that house should be made a court af appeal from the courts of law. (Hear.) The preSent was no doubt a case of very pressing importance; butfie could not make a motion in compliance with the prayer of thepeti tioners, the principle •it involved was so objectiohable. •He trusted that the house would on a future day hear a statement of this case' from a•perion who was not a barrister, and not only listen to . it,' but pr - ove their inclinati-on to do full justice to all the parties pincerned. The hon. member then gave notice, that he would bring the subject before the house on 'Tuesday next., AD/01;12NMENT THE HotAE Lord'i. - ,ltussEi.i. rose to'inove, that the house, - at its rising, should - adjourn until Frillay next, on which day there was some busineitu be diSposed Gt.—The motion was agreed tu. CANADA On the motion of Lord. J. Russ .F., the order of the day for the third reading of the Lower Canaria government hill was real. The noble lord also moved, that the bill be read a third time. Mr. LCADgit presented several petitions, praying that this ."*coercion bill" might not pass. Sire, Strictus spoke at some length, chiefly against the . . mtnstry._ Sir HAttav VERNEY Was glad that the hon. baronet, in com mentingod the general conduct of the :„, , oyernment,.was unable to find 'fault with'at least one of their acts—thb selection which they had Made of Lord Durham as a mediator With the colonies. Mr. Ht:ss certniuly felt indignant that such a measure as the present had beed brought forward by her majesty's goYernment. But, drawing a comparison between the two sides of house, he must say that he had known many good and useful measures proposed by her majesty's government; and all that he regretted was, that they had stopped abort of the imly legitimate object in view, He wished the honourable baronet would point out any measure emanating from the other side of the house which could hear any comparison with the liberal measures that had emanated from her majesty's present g overnment. The hon. baronet maintained, that the opinion of the country was adverse to the present government. That be (Mr. Hume) denied - . He believed thatavery large majority of the people of the United Kingdom approved the liberal and enlightened - measures which had been brought under the consideration of parliaMent by hei majesty's government. As an honest radical, he preferred her majesty's ministers to the honourable gentleman opposite. H e would now refer to the bill, and say, that notwithstanding the alterations which had been m a d e i n it in the committee, he had as strong an aversion to it as ever, and considered that so de spotic-& measure reflected thehighest discredit on a -reform od ministration. With. these feelings upon the subject,. he should wave as an amendment, that the bill, be read a third tithe that ' day sik..months.. Ah. 'WARBURTON seconded the amendment_ Sir Ipirmier INGLts said; that with regard to the bill now about. -to.be read a third lime, he gave it his entire support; but he coald - nut help thinking that the remedies which cere.now proposed, and which he ;rusted would be effectual, might have been sparedif inure vigor o us measures bad. beers used.at an earlier period: Mr. Aliiertuan TFlOMPSON•declared that the measure before the hnusehad his entire concurienee. Mr. GizoTE said, upon this question, he had heath gothinir to alter the i:onvivtiun he entertained ►seen he first delivered his opinion upon it. Mr. W,AußuitToN would avail himself of the present Opportu nity of passin;.; his maledietioti on this unNrinuate bill. , 'Mr. .1 ) k. rut . ; ButirtiwicK tv:is interrupted by It - o - . 14 cries Or " questßitn," and "divide." The house then divided, when the nuinheii were—for the third leading, 110; for Mr. Iluone's ainenttlitent, .majority for the third reading, 102. Aftera short conversation, the bill was passed, and sent to the lords." NEW Warr.—On ate motion of Mr. MORE O'FERRALL, a new wririvits .rdorell for Galway ih the room or Ur. Lynch, who }id been appointed a mater iu chaucery, , in the place of noiter . lioupell. The.huuse'adimirtied tili Friday NEW MODE OF GENERATING HEAT. We copy the followingpAra g ra ph from the .Scotsman:— " 11:. new method of Prinincing heat, rapidly. and without fuel, is at r.resent attracting much attention in London. It is exhi bited at the Jerusalem Cetfee noose ; but the process is kept secret. We have doubt, that science wilt supply heat by meinods now unknown, tong before the coal fields are exhausted; aria we: would ad, ism -to stint their livesirann a ch.lrit,ible C. 06 (or,,the comforts of distant generations. 'Elie discovervif temperature in the interior of the earth suggeStSonas . squrrp froth which a supply of :beat may be de rived...: „Even froz,n Siberia, for instance, temperature of Jah - iiiica . would ho found at th e depth of .1700 feet, or one third --ora, mire; .btu id heat wouldbe f atrial at a depth 0f,3000 feet :•:"441 that Orboiting water at ki depth of a mile and a half. it is t owe Aire witiMut a prriC'ess for bringing this heat to the surface (except where springs of water can be obtained at theseAeptlis by boring): but who will venture to say, that a metht;d may be found of pumping up heat as we pump up water? Sciente has 4eeoniplished more wonderful things than this." Our contemporary has been misinformed in one point. Fuel is userd,:but in a very small quantity ; and the secret consists in the nOnre of the fuel used, and the mode of burning it. Ac cortlio.46.the testa which have been applied to the stove, the combistion of the fuel does not vitiate the air in any manner; so thirekhe little urn, or short ornamented column, of which the stove consists, may be, and is, placed in close apartments, or in a shat;:upcarriage, through the night, and the p erson s t ee pi n g in the_ chamber or riding in the carriage experiences all the waraith'dCrived from a pan of burning charcoal being in the wi,thout any of the inconveniences. Theie is said to be no drift' in it, and in fact, no cominunication with the combos tible,4hich is consumed in a shut4ip chamber, and the air of the atl,Firtinent... No odour is, we are informed, perceptible; for we havenot witnessed the stove in operation. We should have inentilined this subject before, but it was the express wish of the proprietors not to have it noticed by the public press. But, now that italr contemporary has called. attention to it, we cannot re frain from adding our 'mite to his information. Certainly we know . very little of it, more than that the stove, in its outward appearance, resembles the air or gas stoves used for shops, with out any grate, and appears to communicirte' the heat of the air of the apartMent by an extensive surface of metal being kept enntitinally hot. If there be no chicanery in it—and, perhaps, our readers may remember that something similar, which turned out to be a trick, was exhibited in Leceister-square a fe..v years ago, anirmade, at the time, a considerable noise--the invention prorniSes. to be of immense advantage. The problem of navi gating, steam ships found the world will be at once resolved. But we will nut be sanguine of its results; for, as set, the inventor, who is' taking, or haS taken. out a patent, preserves his secret inviolate. We are inclined to suppose, from what we have heardabdseeti, that the discovery, which is said to be the result of aceitjent, isunistiinportant; and we augur well for it, from knowing that it has been taken'up by some most responsible and respectable men in the city or London.—Cuurier. PE'RSONAL SECURITY.--‘: Will. you do me a favour?" says young- George Brooks to his wealthy friend, Simon Hacson- I wish you to lend me a hundred pounds,-sir. " "Call-at my counting house." rejoined Hanson. George Brooks was nut long jnqaying his respects. " What security can you give ine, young gentleman ?"--," Aft , own personal security, sir,"—".Vet y well„get in here," says H insert, lifting rup the lid of a large iron chest:" Get in there!" eu - daitued George in astonishment. "-Wfuktfor ?"—" Why, that is the place where I always keep my secatiities." Ltipl'Eldon delibted in repeating the following, anecdote, so characteaisticalf his friend and Master George the . Third':— " 1 called with env brtither (Stowell) on the 4th of June, to pay my customary salutations, and was summoned into his presence; he was conversing with ni v old friend Dr. Glasse, of Wanstead, but 5 ,6 k .: itnuAediately we entered, and placing a chair on each side rjfaiiawnn, desi i ed 'us' . to he sealed.. theh burst into a heartligh,arun-eaCliiimeil-- , Doctor, wave von, in the - course of ytkii•Yeading; ever before known of a king who sat between two oft is highest officers, who had each run away w nit his wife. Bathirt hard, Eldon, eb, eh ?' " D StEt.LYNG OF ASS AGED WIDOW.—At Ballinamalard, where we nest attended. and several Miserable hoyels, into one-nl . which:l ltiok the liberty of -creeping. It was inhabited by a feeldg';old.weniMi of eighty-five, named Jane Lee, and her daugheer. 'fhtNitterior measuretinine feet six in c he s , by ei g h t feet Oie Sriches: 4—. -Tbe furniture consisted of two sma ll' four leggfitsteoli,- about eigfiOnches high; and seven inches broad; a swiltliparr, and part of a minded basket, Which would scarcely hollfegether but out . of 'which the poo r o ld W ou l ati was eat i ng her 40,1"1er ot potatoes. A haft-shatvett eat was mewing most piteottl!'y and ii a corner of this desolate apartment, on a clay liaintr'quantity of straw lay, with a sort of bl an k e t o'er i t. This served the purpose of a hed, and was obliged to be moved froirtiine,Side ofthe hut to the other, to avoid the rain Galling on the:k,' through the 'scanty roof. In another corner lay a few seetiO,ler'oat husks, from a neighbouring mill; this formed all theicsiipplrer the fire. The floor was exceedingly damp, and adjoriting the 'wall was small trench, nr ditch, to the water iri; truiii which unusual sort of reservoir it was collected, and thrown out of the cabin. The door, two feet wide, and four feet six inches'in'height, extended to the eaves. The out hail no chimney, and that which bore the nanie of window consisted o f a nifillet of glass, .11 inches in diameter, which the kindness'of sI nel,ghboor had contributed. The old w3man had not been ahleto pay any rent lately, and the landlord accordingly would not far expected to' thatch' her dilapidated resid e n ce. Sh e was, theretire,' obliged to get Some one to do it, and l,egged and s,,,tped a little strait' together as she could, for the purpose. Tat,. walls of this wretched abode were built partly of stone and stint, and partly of sods... "Jane Lee had li ve d i n i t e l even years, awl appeared, as the reader does net require to he informed, in a state girt liegrearest deStiwtion and distress; the daughter was afflicted with inness,,the consequence . of a severe co l d. The withAr 441 she was able insunimer to beg a little 'buttermilk to her getate, ban not in winter! she would rather have a piers of heritilig than. buttermilk. /br it was snore tasty. An ex pressin of watatrl am sure was. genuine gratitude foll o w e d th e I, estowa l or a §siiail Stint ofmoney.• ,She had been mother of th ree - sons ,. twti" - 7tdf:Wfsorn had perished in the army; the other went - to Airi*•#ieli: and 'she had'neVerbeard ut him since. The cottatte Ate describe, is sttoated—not on a lonely • tart hug: far beyond the reach of civiliza of lile,.but in the midst of a Considerable inity of wealth" .Th i e misery r,f w h ic h i t ren, is not confined-to -the id:e,:old disso industrious and meritorious. In Ireland, and indaslry becomes disenoraged"l , &imposSibility Of being rewartled4t, • 4tiire'the application of sonre efectilal iiviedued evil, and it is to be hoped that hilattire , may speedily supply one. If the irinoubtedly is,.tvith- difficulties of fortnr -be b# ace-'in mind that the sufferings to 41 4 - elso.—Bien's3fiseries and'Beautiei of whieti I liave atterniited and iln milt i vdteil moor ( - nii)4.lthe - euthforts n 0 I .. \ '!viffsit: ;lini . 1 in the tiicin 7 - 0 . #1144. 1 14a ie 11y specirne vg ~ On , r . 114Vei uds to tip ~., 7: ; 4 , buses $ Os tiv • , ,ADAt' nctOr fli p .... A; : •,*kit . t itgs-tit:#• . r( "1 "':- X ll 4' r tirtit 14100 1. 4 4 . ' , . tfrellif ts* ..;tlii- ligis W.....; ,- ...-,., , :101 4 . 4s , it ul .. i . u .. ~,/,..;,;;...,_ *IA , Lstittukt ti ,A f -, Zirlae.. eititiaat '4.)il SPORTLYG INTELLIGENCE. Manchester, Tuesday Evening. The weight of the money market, to uphold General Yates's Sylvan for the Chester Cup, has not been much less than it was at the close of last January, when S to 1 was recorded..by us as '• taken freely." We may now notice him in high fore, within a shade of being as good a favourite as Mr. Mostyn's mare, 7 - each have been supported at our quotations. Birdlime. in some instances,. has been, within the past two days, in a lequest which closes the fieldsmen to be somewhat shy, particularly beyond 9to 1. The offers against Whaley of 11 to 1 are so freely ex tended, that it is more than probable he will recede a point or two mote, should the acceptances exceed in number the expec tations of the cognoscenti. Wentworth and Magician keep tir7n hold of the public attention. Against the latter, tew are nis• • posed to offer.at all boldly ; this has caused Mr. Fowler's other horse, Heron, to be nearly hors de combat; and no one.appears disposed to nibble, even at extreme odds. We' may conse quently expect his resignation as a candidate for the Chester Plate of the present year. If is - certain, that'Ltidford has paid, -and..with him are coupled. Drone and . the Master - of the Units. .On Friday, we shall be able to speck to the certainty.of these rumoured declarations: M r.• Ilouldsworth's Combat, and hi r. Bowers's Lord Stafford, have each been supported at uuCfigure, the latter (letting the.present day. From the great probability tliere is of two, if not more,• of the top weights retnainiug in,_ there is .every chance the solos laid. out, and the spirit shown by several parties here and in Cheshire, will prove the harbingers of considerable speculations for three mouths to come. • LIVERPOOL CRAVEN MEETING. This meeting will commence,_ under the stewardship of the Earl of E•elin„tun. and Sir John Gerard, Bart. on Wednesday. the 16111 Atay. The prize most likely to attract attention in the spoitiug circles, previous to the races, is the Tradesmen's Cup, value one hundred sovereigns, in specie, added to a Handicap Stakes of twenty sovereigns each, half forfeit, and five only it declared before the Ist of March ; the second horse to receive fifty sovereigns out of the stakes. The course, two miles over Aintree. Being favoured with the handicap ( which, according to rule, "is to be declared on the Ist of February"), we give it as most probably being a novelty, and of some interest to the patrons of the turf. ST. LBS AGE. ST. LBS. AGE, 9 7 Birdlime aged 710 Lord Stafford 4 9 1 Despot 812 Jupiter 8 7 The Duet', „...... 4 I 7 6 - Miss Bowe 8 7 Abraham Newland .: 4 7 4 Dirtnict 8 7 G.tlewood 8• 6 Znitra a n -8 3 Herod • 5 • 7 2 Pardlles 8 0 Chit Chat •••• 713 Combat • 4I 6 9 Argaute 7 10 Fusileer For the Craven stakes of 25 sovereigns each, with 30 added, there appears an entry of thirteen two-year-olds.—For the Spring St. Leger, of.Z5 sovereigns each, with 30 added, Har-. purhey, Wee Willie, Brother to Jupiter, Gilbert Gurney, Sir Ralph, anti Sir Thomas Stanley's Piccaronu, are entered.— For the Waterloo Cup, value lOU sovereigns, added to it Han dicap Stakes of 10 sovereigns each,L—to he run for on Friday, —eleven are entered...—" The main" will be fought as usual. The Derby speculations remain very small. We may, how ever, notice a very pointed difference in Mr. Band's colt by Rowton, out of Hindi:lna. Yesterday's bettings, at Hyde Park Corner; place him- at 16 to 1. in the office of this figure, 2t)Oto 8 was laid at noon to-day. From this it is clear, that the pro. vineial market does -not always fellow the London one.—The following are the average prices : TIIECH ESTER CUP, P.P.—(Accept or not.) 91 to I against Mr. Mostyn's Birdlitue. (t) 10 to 1 „ General Yates'sSylvan. • ll to 1 Mr. liobinsou's Whaley. (o.ff) 12 to 1 • „ Mr. Fairiie's Zohrab. 13 to 1 „ Mr. Price's Wentworth. (t) • 100 to 7 .„ Mr. Fowler's Mersev: .(t) OX) to 8 „ Clarke's Magician.. 100 to ti „ Mr. Ilouldsworth's Conrhat.• , tt;iY is 100 to 5 • „ Mr. Barrow's Catherina. (ofT) .03..1 o 14 : 10 to 5 „ Mr. Bowes's Luut Stafford. ( :211, .3M ii n; Sli I C 111 E. On Tuesday; an inquest. was held to inquire touching the death of Samuel Parkinson, a butcher, !rile resident iirTharlow. street, in this town.- CathertnerJones stated • that . she •was the wife of Stephen Jones, tiook.kedper, Thiirlote-Street, • .'1•11.y kept a- public-house there. She knew the deceased, Samuel Parkinson. He was in the habitatF going to their:house. On Saturday mornmg last a .halt-past eight J'elock, he went into -their house and'entered the - ,front parlitur, and asked for three penny worth of ruin with which' she served him. She did not observe anything peculiar in his manner at that tune. In about half or three-quarters - a an hour afterwards he called for fl pen and ink, which witness carried to him. Soon afterwards he had istiother three-pennyworth of ruin, with which witness also served him. Afterwards she - served him with a glass of ale. Some time. afterwards she (witness) was in the kitchen, from whence she heard him talking aloud to himself. She knew that he was alone, and therefore she went in. He asked her whet e .the then were that had been in the parlour. He appeared to be very wild, and she thought it must be from the effects of the liquor which - he had taken. She told him that no one had been in but hitriself. He 'said there had been men in, and he was afraid they had meddled with papers belonging, tit him. She endeaVotired to convince him that no one had been with hint, and at length left him. In the course of a quarter of an hour she heard a noise in the parlour,'which she thought was the de ceased falling. 'She went in and found that it leas his arm which had slipped on the table where he had been leaning it which had caused the noise ' She then saw' a small bottle on the door, empty, acid the pieces of another which had been bro ken. The bottle produced was that which she saw on the tigior. It was labelled •' Laudanum, 'poison." She (witness) felt very much alarmed, and' went to fetch the person he (deceased) haoi los,ty.'ed with ih the same street. That persons returned with tier, andiney,went into the pot dour to the deceased. He was still in the sanse posture. - Witness asked hint to sea home to Beta Sleep. - He raiseddliniself up and began to talk very wildly. He talked of knocking witness down, and arose from his seat, speaking very incoherently. At length he laid his head upon the table and never spoke more. The other female went away witk.the,bottle, and-the deceased began to groan timidly. The female above mentioned, at length arrived with a person from-the druggist's. After this, a surgeon from the Dispensary (Mr. Gouty) arrived with a stomach-pump which •he applied. -He was then carried from the house of witness. Witness believed him to be insane. Edward..lardin, an as sistant with Mr. Withers, druggist, Byrom street, stated, that on Thursday last, the. deceased, who appeared to be perfectly composed and sensible; called at the shop and purchased an ounce of laudanum. He asked for, and received every neces sary information as to the quantity which it-would be safe to take. Benjamin Rowland; an appren:ice with Mr. Neale, druggist,•Scolland-place, stated, that on Saturday morning last the deceased called at the shop, and asked for six-pennyworth of laudanum, saying, that it was for a person in the country. Witness, a t first, demurred to selling this quantity, but the de ceased explained that it was for a pers ' Wl 0 was in the habit • • of taking it, and who 'va s o bl ige d to parchase in large quan tities from being in town only on market days. Witness sold him an ounce of laudanum. Win. Gouty, House Surgeon at the North Dispensaryotated, that. on S atur d a y l ast , i n conse quence of a message, he went to Mr. Jones', in Thurlow-street, and took with bun a stomach-pump. He found the deceased in a state of .stupor, l) log on the floor. He had hint raised up, and the stomach-pump was app li e d . A quantity of reddish coloured fluid was brought up, part o f wh i ch was put into t h e bottle produced. - Witness had him taken home, and gave di rections to the people of th e h ouse to keep_ hint in constant mo tion. Witness called agaib about two o'clock, and found him still in a state of stupor. He used a cold effusion by pouring could water from a height upon his head. It produced no effect. He (witness) Caen gave directions that he should be kept mo ving, and called - again about five o'clock, and found hint still in the same state. Witness used flagellation with a birch rod and with a cane, which Seemed to restore hint slightly to sensibility. Witness had biro removed to bed, and applied mustard plaster over his chest and to one leg. Witness called again at half past eight, and found him, to all appearance, dying. Some • medicine was ordered, Gut before it could be procured he died. Witness had analyied thiliquid that came from the stomach, but found very little trace of laudanum in it. It .was chiefly spirits, probably runt. Witness haul .examined the body, and found the vessels of the brain very much distended with black, fluid blood, and some serum in the ventricles more th a n usu a l. The lungs were very much congested, and the blood in the heart anti large vessels very dark and fluid. The stomach was per fectly empty- in consequence of the pump having been applied. Witness was of opinion that the deceaosed died from taking lau danum-in' too large a quantity., it must have been taken so long before the stomach-pump was applied as to have been absorbed into the system, and that circumstance would account for the liquid emitted from the stomach nut being tainted with it. Ann Erdly stated'that the -deceased had lodged with her about five years. •He was a buicher,',and about 30 years of age. Since thecotnnteucernent , nithis year witness had 'observed hinado be very different in:his manner from what he had ever been before. During the - preceding week he had been dreadfully violent in his temper.. - Witness thought that something was the matter with him, and - lhat he was not quite right in his head. The Jury foutidAist the deceased had destroyed himself during -at .13:i4rpordp. iit, oL insanity ' LOLVDaili GAZETE.—TUiSDAY, JAN. 33. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. W. Nrattin and T. Blythe, Liverpool. wine,lealers-.44. Broadbent and S. DearnAly, Hyde, Cheshire, joiners —W. Crew, W. Holborn, uncle. Rowley, Macclesfield, silk-dressers—.l P. Kelley. It. W. Kel ley, G. Elliot,and J. Wet stet; Glasgow, Manchester, and Constanti noph.4.4, Worthington and W. Worthington, Manehester,commission rigeniJ. Potter, .1. Ackers, J. Ban , s, and J. Ashton, Hindley, Lair- J. Pott er an d J. Ackers, cashire, miners; as far as regards - INSOLVENTS. Jan. 47—John Henry Russell. Bruton -street, London. tailor. Jan. 2,1-11enry Sealy, City-road, London, upholsterer, Samuel Elphick Rocemarv-lane. London, victualler. Robert Davis, Isle of Wight, merchant. BANKIUTPTk, ChrktOpher Hayes. jun., Liverpool. shipbuilder, to surrender Feh. 9. March i 3. at one, at the Clareblon Rooms, Liverpool, - Solicitors. Messrs. Norris and :k lien , Bartlett's - bildings, H o lb orn, L on d on; an d Al , . Touhnin. Liverpool. R 4 d Curtis, o w he a r r tAr N el'(r.M e n u u n 'ra .d'i t'-r - i s s trP o e w, i Arundel-street. 81t.rannc(oli Lonrlo n . w i ne -merchant. Eln's Inn-fields, London,tailor. Samuel Skiinier, Greeuliam, Berkshire, brewer. (;eorge [hint's. b , j ls i l ;y , Northam p tonshi r e . ifrocer. Elizabeth Clegg. IX:IWO:end. Lancashire, cotton-spinner. • .Ceeil Evans, Spout-lane. Shrop sh i re . corn-factor. William Fowler, Aston, Warwickshire, brick ina k er. DIVIDENDS. Feb. 2fi. D. Barrett, Dean - street , Fe t te r•lane , London, grocer—F e b 23, N. Teruel' and S. 'Fifiniell. Nork-street, Nll , l4llesex ll,„% p i ta i Lon _ don, tallow-chandlers—Feb. 2".1.W Cliringbold, St, Alb an ' s , i nnkeeper —Feb, 20 E. Burt,. l e n'a-plate, London, mer c h ant —F el ... 4l, I. St. Ile Sheptiard, Lower Grosvenor-street. Grosvenor-square. Unidon, w i ne . merebant—Feb. 21, P. 11 en dersnn, 'Fottenhain- court-road, London, hosier—Feb. 20, IL Andrew and A. Andrew. Ashton-under-Lvri,.. eotton-spinners- Feb. 21, .1. Banks. Preston, boolcsaller—F e h . 12', m . Fowler, Lyinington. liampshire, wine-merebarit— Feb. 21, E. K„. worthy, S eldlew.ortk. cotton-ninufaemrers—Feb. 17, J. ILme;hton, librekliurn. cotton-spinner—Feh. , .1. T. Coney, Sculth or p e , N orfolk, Miller—Feb. - 43, R. Jones. .111.• Newtown. Montgomeryshi re , d rap , r _Feb. 2'2, Cl.mt .t.rroml:inson, (Minim, tim4er-mer e h an t s . Armitage —Feb. 28, W. E. Freeman, Al anchester, draper. CEUTI To be granted, unless cauca.l, shown to Cie contrary, on or before tl e 20th iay of February H. Whitworth rand S. Br 0,1,11.1, Lever Ranks, Linenshire. &leo- Ilodson; Manchestrr, calien-printer—T. Patna'', Clark's place. . Islite , ton, , linen-draper — J. Fox. ii , otni - k_upon- Humber. Lincolnshire. grocer—D. Jam..s. Dartford, Kent, banker— Word. Wooiai,:b. ban Iser —G. Ilardesty, Sheffield, table knife- Manufacturer—C. F`ric!“‘r, BriOiton, ti•rover—C. Turner, Leamington Priors', Warwickshire 101 l house-keeper. :MEETINGS OF CREDITORS FF.BRUNAY. . _ _ _ HOUR 5. Leonard Albin, (proof) —Clarendon Rooms,. 11 5. Robert Graves _ - • .. Ditto 1 7. 8,-13nehanan and D. Laird, (proof ; Lowndes'and Robinson's, :2 8. William Franklin Mr. Holden's, 1 8. Abraham W. Cr.llaid Clarendon Rooms, —1 Samuel Burke, Ditto 1 9. John 1 -Macdougal • Radclitru and Co.'s 1 LIVERPOOL MECHANICS' INbTITUTION. LECTURES ON CHEMISTRY Qn.Wednesday evening Dr. Kane delivered his seVenth.lec ture to a numerous audience. • We may effect the analysis of muriatie acid by putting in contact with the liquid solution any substance which has a powerful affinity fur chlorine, in which case the chlorine will be withdrawn from the acid and the hydrogen will be set free, the result being that the muriatie acid gas is decomposed, —one of its elements passing to the metallic body, and the other being liberated may be - collected in an isolated state. For instance it we pour upon a small quantity of tin a small quantity of muriatie acid, a very violent action takes piaie, and we shall find upon applying a taper Oa; hydrogen is liberated: - IslOw by Means of this simple experiment we se parate. moriatic acid into hydrogen and chlorine, the latter of .which combines with the zinc. The chlorine forms with the zinc a compound soluble in water and which can be crystallized. Consequently by taking a giverrquantity of liquid Inunatic acid and zinc, by weighing thechl:iri;le ofzinc, and hydrogen. we shall find the numbers in which hydrogen and chlorine unite to form muriatie acid. An analysis produCing still more remarkable re sults can be made by means of aii apparatus consisting of a flask containing a quantity of common salt, into which (the salt having been previously melted and broken into; large lumps to • prevent the violence of the action) a quantity of dilute sulphuric acid is introduced; a rapid dec./1111)681[ton of the sail ensues and muriatie acid being evolved - is conducted by means of a tube into a vessel containing sulphuric acid. Being by this means deprived of its moisture, the dry gas is conducted into a tube containing a quantity of the metal sodium which it passes over. The heat of a spirit lamp being being applied to the surface of the tube beneath the sodium, the chlorine of the muriatie acid contbiues with the sodium so energetically us to produce combus tion, and hydro g en is emitted from the other end of the tube. , By this process a white powder is formed from the union of the chlorine with the sodium which is nothing else but common salt, (chloride of sodium). It is evident that it will only be necessary to weigh the original substances and the products, to arrive at the actual numbers. . It is a tact well worthy of attention that the bodies which which most resemble each other in their nature ate most con stantly aseoeiated with each other in nature ; thus we fi nd chlorine, iodine, and bromine, asso c i a ted toget her as well as manganese and iron. lodine.is a substance of intense interest, as its discovery shows the great importance of observing with ac curacy all the. phenomena wince occur in the arts, even in the progress of abstract science. •lieliiie was not discovered by any chemist, but by a manufacturer, and Under the ciitannstances its which it is formed, ib could only be discovered by a manu facturer. It exists' only in nature in soda alkalies, and even in these in very minute quantities. It is one of those substances which diffused originally through an immense mass of water is by the means in winch this water is used in the arts gradually concentrated into the shape in which it is obtained. M. Cour tois observing that the iron pans in which he boiled Up his kelp for the purpose of soap-making was corroded to a great extent by a substance which he could not find accounted for or described in any work in' chemistry, took some of the substance to Guy Lusac who decided it to be a new substance. We owe the ge neral illustrations of the prinvidles of lodine to Gay Lusac, as well as to . Sit Humphrey Davy, hut we must nut forget that the discover v of lodine was made by Courtois the soap manufac turer, of Paris, and that it could not have betordiscoveren but iii the 'operations of such a manufactory as that which he con ducted. the geoerality of sea water contains iodine, as it also does a great quantity of chloride of sodium or common salt. Incline exists in sea water under : the form of iodide of magnesia, but its quantity is so exceedingly minute that it would be lin possible•by ordinary analysis to detect iodine without having first concentrated the sea water to an extraordinary extent. This conrentiation is carried on to a great extent by the aquatic plants which exist in the water, and when the plants are col lected and burnt to ashes, we find they give to u s th e salts I , , : : i v e li c. ii: „ h „ p i: , r e e , v i , i pre v iou s ly _which- I w is e ted use in it ' i va t t l e ie r, arts par and tlypure co a n n u t i l ie tricaer.t— -' ly oe p6aluci Om of the iodin e ma y b e - simply 'iilustrated. We is 'T liall, not, however, have - recourse i ,Flh'j.aining it as in the arts, but sill suppose that from the mass or .k elp the reariodine-constit uent h as been eliminated, and that are h ave only to decompose this substance to set the iodine free. If noir into a retort upon some iodide of potassium, a quan tity of sulphuric acid, and apply heat, we get a very interesting action. • After a short time &sirifs-tepee will distil overiuto a re- tort which condeuses to a solid state. The reaction which takes place is siiiiple. One equivalent of the oxygen ofthe sulphuric acid unites with the potassium to form potash, and both sot. phurous acid and - iodine is set free. The iodine of magnesia is used in commerce; in Order to produce the iodine. The purple colour of the substance, procured it the name of iodine, from the Greek. When iodine is heated it at first melts, and after- • wards is converted into vapetir. • By a reduction of the temper.; ,ature the iodine again solidifies, and is deposited inoclahedral crystals. lodine is remarkable as being the only one of the rom-metallic bodies possessing aanetallic lustre. It is sparingly soluble in water which it colours a pale brown. It is much more soluble in spirits .of wine, 'and: the tincture of iodine is a most important medicinal agent. One of the most important uses of it is, in cases of glandular swelling in the neck, to which the in- . habitants of some parts of Derbyshire, and the ueighbourhood of the Alps are subject. Burnt sponge was found to be an ex cellent remedy in theie cases; and after the discovery of iodine it occurred to the medical men at Geneva, that sponge being a sea plant might contain iodine. This being found to be the fact, led to_ the employment of iodine in these cases, for which sponge was ceusidered a specific, and we now count iodine amongst our most valuable medicines. It is a substance most easily' recognised.. 411 bas a remarkable action on starch, with which it forms a purplish blue compound, called iodide of starch. An excellent sympathetic ink for secret correspond ence may thus be formed. Thus, if certain characters be traced with a solution of starch on paver, when di y, the characters will be invisible, 'out upon brushing them over with a solution of iodine, they immediately show themselves of a blue colour. By €;mobiying, a weak alkali the writing again becomes invisible, in consequence of the iodine lea'ving the staa eh to combine with the alkali, but by neutralizing the alkali with an, acid the iodine will again unite - with the starch, and the writing wilt : reappear. If' we allow a little of the blue .iuditle of starch to buil over a spirit lamp, the colour will risappear, bud upon the cooling of the compound ,it will ,again reappear, though not so deep a colour. The rationale, of this is yet a mystery, but is supposed to be owing to smile species of ffecomposition. lodine enters into a number of combinations with the metals, but it does not unite with them so powerfutly as chlorine, and, consequently, • we cannot uuderordinary circumstances obtain the combina tions, except by indirect methods. If we take a solution of corrosive sublimate, and add to it a solution of iodide of potas sium, we obtain a red precipitate of an exceedingly brilliant hue, indeed, it is one of the most beautiful reds which we know of for surpassing-vermillion. This substance is a . eombination of iodine with quicksilver, called iodide of _mercury.. In . making this experiment it is re quisite to be cautious in adding the iodide of potassium, for, if it be used in excess, the purple again disappears, being immediately re-dissolved. When the iodide of potassium is added to.a solution of lead, a precipitate is formed o f a rich Canary colour. The iodide of Mercury and the iodide of lead are excellent tests for iodine in a state of combination, and starch is an - ekcellent test for it wh.re it is tree. If we mix a little of the' iodide - of potassium milli s.trch there will be no change of colour, because the itlline has a weaker affinity for the starch than it has for the potassioar ; but if a small quantity of an acid be adiled, the alkali unites with it, leaving the iodine free to unite with the starch, which , it does, and Produces the blue colour. By these means we are enabled to prove the presence of iodine without the possibility of a shadow of doubt lodine unites with nitrovn, and be comes highly explosive. The iodide of nitrogen is a brown powder, and if it be struck slightly with a stick, it detonates with a loud noise. Broinine i s genera ll y assoc i ate d w i t h i b di ne, but it , existsin still smailer.quantities: It was discovered by Baiard, the cele brated manufacturing chemist of Montpelier. It is remarkable as occupying an intermediate p osition between iodine and chlo, rine. We have seen that chlorine is gaseous, and thati odine is solid. Now Bromine is a deep red liquid. Not only in its liquid state,. but in ev er y ot h er prope r ty, d ues brownie stand, exactly halt way betw een c hl or i ne and iodine. Th e o d o ur o f bromine is far worse than that of chlorine, from which circum stance it has derived its name. Bromide evaporates so fast, that it cannot be kept in the li qu id slate, un l ess t h e b ot tl e s in which it is contained are immersed in water. The instant a drop of bromine falls upon pot a ssi um, as energet i c co Mbinatiou takes place, accompanied by flame and a loud explosion. In deed thil substance ranks only interior to chlorine in its com bination with the metals. A substance which possesses some interest in a scientific point of view, but which has not yet proved of such practical import ance, is fluorine. There has loug been knawn in this country a mineral called fluor or Derbyshire spar. it eutis i s ts of lone combined with a peculiar acid. After Sir Humphrey Dv"y had suggested the theory now generally adopted respecting the nature of chlorine, he proposed to admit fluorine as a 'separate element. F'luate of time is easily decomposed. This is done by pouring sulphuric acid into a vessel containing powdered flaate of lime. The sulphuric acid unites with the lime, and fluorine is expelled, but as fluorine unites with the silicon of glass vessels, turning out the oxygen, it is impossible to collect it pure by such means; but the Rev. Mr. Knox of Dublin, has succeeded in . obtaining it pure in vessels of tluur spar constructed in a pecu liarimanner. •Ad -he has been able, however, to'determine re specting it is, that it is gaseous and colourless. Indeed we, as yet,' know very little more about its properties or combination, except-the fluoi ide ofhsjlrugen a htl its actiougupon glass; • - • floe of the most e.xt e usi ve ly dist rihuted substances in nature is that of which sarid, quartz rock, and rock crystal, are, com posed. These rocks, as well as the flints, tumid in such abund ance in sonic parts of the country, are found to consist of a sub stance, which has recently been discovered to be an acid, called silica, or silicon, combined with oxygen. Silica consists of one- - half its weight of oxvgtn united too-the base, and possesses very powerful affinity for alkalies or bases. When silica has once been funned, it is insoluble in water, and the way,'theretbie, iii which we form its combinations is„ by melting silica with its bases. Common clay is one of the most remarkable of the sili cates, —it is a combination of silica with atutnina or pure clay. By combining silica with - an alkali and melting it with an in tense heat we obtain glass. The glass made at Prague stands Item much better than that made in this country, being a double silicate of potash and lime. The glass Made in England con tains iron or lead and is melted at a low heat. The lead is used to give the glass a lustrous appearance as well as to enable the workmen to cut it more easily. By means of boric acid we may etch engravings on glass, indeed some attempts were made to take impiessions from it as from a copperplate, but the gl ass was so liable to be broken that the thing was abandoned. Phosphorus is a substance almost peculiar to the animal kingition. There are not in nature more than half a dozen Wine cabs containing phosphorus, and therefore we must look upon it as being an agent of the animal. kingdom. Vie meet with phosphorus in different parts of the animal economy, es- P.eci in two, namely, the softest and the hardest of all the tissues. We find it iu the brain as well as in the bones. But although all the brain contains it. the outside of the brain con tains it in the greater abundance, and some natural philosophers consider that the energy of the mind depends upon the amount of phosphorus which this portion of the urain contains. In w ilco to obtain phosphorus a simple - process is necessary, we have recourse to the bones in which phosphorusls combined with oxy gen in the.tbrin of phosphoric ;teal. There are in nature two ex: Lenitive tribes tsf animals, which are characterised by the oi•gauization of their skeletons. One of these classes have the skeleton in the inside and the other has them o n the outside. Those animals, such as the c rab, lobster, Sz.c., which have their skeletons on the outside, have no phosphorus, but it exists in those which have internal skeletons. If we take a bone and burn,ir, there remains a whitish substance which is phosphoric acid united with limos. If We add to this phosphate of lime some, sulphuric acid, a great quantity of phosphoric acid is set free, this being mixed with charcoal and heated, phosphorus distils over. • Care must be taken in making this experiment, as there is considerable danger, shonid the retort bleak. Phosphorus unites with oxyg'en in several P Oportions. When it is burned with a brilliant flame in atmospheric air, there is formed phos phoric acid. . If, however, we limit the,supply of oxyaeu, and provide ap excess - of phosphorus, we shall lind.our acid to he formed containing less oxygen. The composition of oxide of phosphorus is not perfectly known, because it is difficult to gm it free tenons excess of phosphorus. If some phosphorus be placed . at the foothill of a glass containing. hot water, it will melt, and if a Stream if oxygen . be urged upon it whilst it retnaius at the bottorii of the vessel; - by - rneaqs of a fine Tube, irwiii• inflame with considerable energy of combustion. A brick-red powder LivEttrooL STANDARD. is formod by this combustion of the phosphorus, which is not easily ►ncited. This powder is more inflammable than phos phorus- itself, and is used in the pieparation of phosphorus fire hoses. Phosphoric acid is formed by pouring a quantity of aqua fortis o❑ some phosphorus. The' phosphorus oxidyzes itself at the expense of the aqua fortis, and we obtain phosphoric acid. Hypophosphur.c acid is procured by the action of phos phorus on a soitLion containing a base. - If phosphorus be placed in a retort containing a solutiou of potash, it decomposes the water, and hypophosphoric acid is formed, or that combina tion of phosphorus containing the least quantity of oxygen, and pbosphuretted hydrogen is at the same time given off in a gaseous form. This gas possesses the property of taking fire the instant it comes into contact with atmospheric air. The eason of this is, that the phosphorus, presenting a large sheet of surface to the action of the air the mote readily it combines with it. We are able to• prepare this gas in a variety of me thods, but when prepared by some of them it does not take tire so speedily as by others. It is considered one of the most re miirkable instances of what Berzelius calls ismnetisru. The peculiar acid which exists in sour apples, as Weil as in the berries of the niourvaiu ash, is found to be similarly composed to citric acid. It is now established that chemical substances of diff erent Origin can have the same composition. Professor Gra ham has brought forward some evidence toshew that the inflam mability of this gas is owing to foreign matters which can be communicated to it in a partial manner. The phosphuretted hydrogen is colourless, being precisely similar to atmospheric air in appearance. It emits a remarkable odour resembling garlic. It is heavier than atmospheric air, somewhat in the proportion of 12 to 10. Phosphorus unites with chlorine in three proportions, but in a practical point of view the combiaa lions are of little importance. On Saturday Dr. Kane concluded his excellennt course. Carbon is very extensively distributed through nature, and i's remarkable for the variety of forms in which it presents itself. It is met with in all the three kingdoms of nature, but there is every reason to believe that the extent of its distribution in these kingdoms is not altogether so great as might at first be con ceived, and that in point or fact its existence is strictly limited to Iwo Of the kingdoms of nature, and that its existence in the mineral department is owing to the accidental circumstance of the destruction of the living beings ,of which it had formed a part. We find carlyon constituting a considerable portion of the whole mass of the fluids in the vegetable kingdom. In the animal kingdom we find at least one half of the solid consti tuents of the animal to be carbon. In the vegetable we find a still greater proportion. In fact the skeleton which iu the ani vial kingdom is composed of a different substance, consists in Pie vegetable kingdom of carbon, in a state of almost complete 'purity. In the animal kingdom not only does carbon subsist in the softer matters but in the harder portions of all anima,s. Iu the, bony skeletons of the higher animals it exists in very minute quantities, but in the lower animals provided with external skeletons, the phosphorus of the higher animals is replaced by carbon. In the mineral kingdom we find carbon very exten sively distributed indeed. In almost all countries we find large muuntainons masses consisting of lime and carbonic acid—the carbonic acid containing about one third of its weight of car-. ' bon. The various carboniferous rocks of this kingdom contain about one sixth of their whole weight of carbon. On this ac count we should be at first led to imagine that carbon exists more generally in the mineral than in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, but a more minute analysis leads us to different re sults, and we are almost inclined to argue that carbon has no real existence in the mineral kingdom, bat that its presence is o wing lo the decomposition of the animal and vegetable remains whirls have been deposited in it at former remote periods. In fact we have been able to trace these remains through their different strtgesof decomoosition, and according to the pressure and temperature to which it has been subjected, we find the shapes and constitution of the rocks of which they form a con sid,rrable portion. We are thus obliged to consider carbon as au element exclusively of organic origin. There are one or two apparent exceptions to their law, afforded by some of the metallic bodies with whi c h carbonic acid is found united, but these are rare specimens, anti occur in the enormous masses of . mountain limestone, from .which they may ha ve o bt a i ne d t h e i r carbonic arid. We are eaahled to obtain carbon by the burning of bones or wood in close vessels, when we obtain what is called ivory or bone black and charcoal. In addition to these black masses of pare carbon we are in possession of one other form of it of ex ceeding interest—the diamond. The diamond. the hardest and most costly of all our gems, is chemically identical with char- Coal. It is carbon in the purest form in which we are enabled to obtain it. The diamond was at one time considered as car bon perfectly mineralized. It is crystalline, the form of its crystals being octahedral, as those of common alum. We have obtained so•ne facts lately with respect to the diamond, Which are interesting, as affording us traces of its origin. If we take barley sugar, whim quite fresh, it is opaque, but. after a few days it ,becomes translucent, and appears like sugar candy. From an amorphous mass it becomes crystalline. We fre quently meet with diamonds with cavities in the diamond as if something had been in them, Sir David• Brewster found from the appearances of these cavities that the diamond must have been originally in a soft state ann then subjected to pressure, and that like amber it has taken upon itself the crystalline structure. It is considered to have been the exudation of some tree, like the cherry tree of our climes, and that the diamond has been the formation of many ages quite independent of any original mineral nature. Carbon enters into combination with oxygen in combustion more readily where its particles are less closely bound together, thus coal will burn touch quicker than plumbago, and ',lumbago than the diamond. Yet the products of all three. are carbonic acid. If lime wa ter he passed into. a jar containing carbonic acid gas, it will immediately be found to present a milky appearance, insoluble carbonate of iime having been formed. Carbonic acid is generated, not merely by the direct combination of burn ing carbon with oxygen, but when carbon is burned with atmos pheric air, as we every flay see it in a multiplicity of instances. Animals, likewise, in respiring, generate carbonic acid gas. This may he easily shown, by respiring through a tube dipped in lime water, when the milkiness caused by carbonate of lime will be perceived. Carbonic acid gas is readily obtained, by adding a little acid to chalk, whiting, &c , and then collecting the gas over a pnumatic trough. Carbonic acid is one and a had times as heavy as atmospheric air, to which it is similar in appearance. It will not support combustion, a burning taper being immediately extinguished upon being plunged into it. The action of carbonic acid on an animal is fatal. Not only is it found that the animal is killed from the absence of oxygen, but that the carbonic acid exercises a positively poisonous influence on the animal, and, although a certain quantity. of oxygen may be present, time animal will still be killed. Instead of ex ercising a neutral influence like nitrogen, it is fatal when Mixed in the same proportion as nitrogen with oxygen. An experi ment was tried by Professor Rowland's, at Turin, which is well worth noticing in this part of the subject. A tortoise is capa ble of living under circustances in which a warm blooded ani mal would be instantly killed. Professor ltowlando took a tor- toise, and opened it at the part where the windpipe diverges into a pair of lungs. He made an incision into one of these lungs. and urged in a stream of carbonic acid gas, leaving the other op-,n to the atmospheric air. By this means, the tortoise I was breathing atmospheric air in-one lung, and carbonic acid in the other. Now, a tortoise can live right well with one lung tied tip, but the carbonic acid killed him, although he went on breathing "3gen with theother lung. In this was' the poison ous; properties of carbonic acid is proved. In fermentation carbonic acid is generated in prodigious quantities. The vinous fermenta•hin takes place in all those liquors which con tain alcohi'd. The general theory of the process is that by malting. sugar is produced, and by fermentation that sugar is converted into spirit. Carbonic acid accumulates in the vessels in which the liquors are made, and many persons are killed by their imprudence in venturing into these vessels. Carbonic acid is particularly liabl e ni accumulate in consequence o f its great density. Dr. Kane illustrated this in an elegant manner, by means of a i air of cocnterpoised • bags attached to a fine balance: • Into one of these bags he poured carbonic acid out of the kits in which it Was contained, when the bag instantly descended with great rapidity.. He also introduced into a jar a metal rod, having two lighted tapers affixed, the one at the bottom of th e j ar, and-the other at its middle; he then intro duce] carbonic acid gas into the bottom of the jar, the conse quence of which was, that the lower taper was extinguished, arid in . a short time, when the gas had risen to a sufficient height in the vessel, the other was also put out. Carbonic acid is given out very frequently from the surface of the earth, par ticularly in • countries of volcanic origin. This we find takes place very frequently at the bottom of old wells, where, from its density the gas occupies the lower surface, and frequently on some individual being sent in to clean the well, fatal conse quences ensue. The proper precaution to be taken in such cases is, fit st to let down a candle„ when if it be extinguished, it is not probable that an individual would live in it. The car bonic acid at the bottom of a well may be removed, by throw ing a little slacked lime and water down, when the carbonic acid will unite with the lime, and render it safe to descend into the well. The burning of charcoal in close rooms, hiss fre quently led to suffication. One o f th e most promising chemists that France has produced, destroyed himself. by this means, at the commencement of the present century. , He was the son of the celebiated Berthollet. Having determined to commit suicide, he lighted a charcoal tire in his room, awl.sat down at a table and wrote an account of the feelings which .accompanied the progress nf,suffication by carbonic acid gas.. His writing gra dnally.becaine less, and less intelligible, until at length it ap peared. the pen fell from his hand. An instance lately occurred of five individuals being suffocated in London, with this-gas. charcoal_ fire bad been lighted_in the room before they went to be 4, .aqdthe probability was, that there was no chim ney m the room. Four of these unfortunates - Were found dead in bed. without the l ea st sympt oms o f t h e i r h av i ng di e d i n pain. The'fifih appeared to have struggled a little. If there he a free ,passage up the chimney, there is little or no danger, but where there jsno vent death is inevitable. There are places in the earth where carbonic acid is met with under peculiar cir . cc:instances. One of the most singular is the Grotto del cane, near Naples. The bottom of this cave is lined a couple of feet deep with c4.r4nnic acid gas, but' above the air is pure, so that whilst a man can breathe in safety, a dug is suffocated. , ram the circumstance of the guides taking a dog with them, to show this fact to travellers, the grotto has obtained its name of the D o ' s grotto Another of time most extraordinary instances of the emission of carbonic acid from volcanic sources is exhibited on this island of Java, where there is an extinct crater of consi -derable height; the'volcatio itself having for a long period been silent. From the bottom of the internal cone there issues car bonic acid, so that it presents the appearance of an enormous cup or goblet of carbonic acid. Within this crater exists the most luxuriant vegetation ever seen in tropical regions. Some European deserters were traced to this mountain, and were pur sued by a number of soldiers, stationed in the island. When the troops got to the top of the volcano, they beheld the richest verdure they had ever beheld, but the bottom of the cone was lined with the carcases of birds and beasts of prey, as well as of the very deserters they were in quest of. The natives were aware of the properties•of this volcano; and gave to the cone the name of the vale of death, for nn individual could descend a few yards without meeting with instant death: Carbonic acid is absorbed by water, in its escape from mountains, and this water. meeting with lime, dissolves it.. If this solution of carbonate of lime lie exposed to the air, the excess of carbonic acid is abstracted, awl the carbonate of lime is deposited in the form of stalactites. In this manner casts are obtained, coated with carbonate of lime, by placing them in waters containing the solution. One of the most elegant modes of analyzing carbonic acid is to pass a stream of ',yes the metal potas s iu m , w h en if h eat b e app li e d . to the tube containing the metal, a brilliant decomposition will ensue, the oxygen of the earbonic arid will unite with the po tassium to form potash, and the carbon will be deposited in a black mass. Carbonic oxide s a substance of no considerable importance. It may readily be obtained by mixing in a retort a quantity of oxalic acid with oil of vitriol. It is always generated whenever an imperfect combustion of carbon takes plaCe. Thus, if we put carbonic acid through a heated iron tube containing carbon, the carbonic acid will take up as much more carbon, and be come converted into carbonic oxide. Oxalic acid is composed of water, carbonic oxide and carbonic acid. The oil of vitriol • unites with the water, and sets the gasses free. By passing them through the water, the carbonic acid is absorbed: and thus carbonic oxide is obtained in a pure state. Carbonic oxide is much lighter than atmospheric air, it is iriflammable, and burns with a blue flame. Oxalic acid exists in a greet variety of plants. chiefly in the sorrel, description, in connection with potash or linie forming an oxalate of potash or lime. We can likewise produce it artificially i by heating starch or sugar with nitric acid, and in this way great quantities of it are mann- '~. .~ factored for the purposes of the arts. Oxalic acid is recognized very easily by ttie form of its crystal, and its acid properties. It is the strongest of the vegetable acids. Its crystals are not un like those of epSOin salts, for which it has been frequently taken, its properties are very iateresting on this account to the medical chemist. If we take the blue infusion of red cabbage, and add to it a very small quantity or the solution of oxalic acid, it is turned into a very deep red. The redness which is produced is not the same-in shade as that produced by the mineral acids; in fact the different acids produce different reds. The oxalic acid unites with bases, and in consequence is readily recognised. Thus lime is one of the best tests for oxalic acid, forming with it a while rrecipitate. Carbon unites with nitrogen, and forms two compounds, one of which is of very considerable interest. It was discovered by Gay Lusac and another French chemist, and is one which may be considered as one of paramount iuterest in chemistry, and, indeed, as one of the most important substances to show us what chemistry really is. This body is cyanogen, (or blue former,) so called because it is one of the ingredients in Prussian blue. In order to generate it we may have recourse to an exceedingly simple process. It must be collected over quicksilver. We take a combination of carbon, nitrogen, and quicksilver, and expose it to heat, whe n th e compo u n d will be decomposed. The carbon and nitrogen will be given off under the form of a colourless gas, and the quicksilver willbe sublimed. cyanogen is of such importance in chemistry, because it is a compound burly. We can decompose it and analyze it; but yet it shni lutes the properties of a simple substance. A remarkable pro perty of cyanogen is the colour of its flame, as it burns with a purple violet-coloured flame, in which it is not resembled by the Elaine of any other substance. In order to show the extent to which this body simulates a simple substance in its action, we can heat it with potassium. The cyanogen will unite the potas sium without suffering any decomposition. The potassium will burn in cyauogen just as it would in oxygen or chlorine. The product of its combination with potassium is cyanide of potas7 Cyanogen is the base of Prussic acid and of a number of other bodies of considerable importance iu the arts and manu factures. • Carbon unites with hydrogen in an immense number of differ ent proportions. There is no class of bodies so comprehensive • in its history as the carbonates of hydrogen • in fact we find that the whole ba se o f vegeta bl e an d animal hydrogen; resolves itself into the system of carbon and hydrogen. Of the-carbon ates of hydrogen there is one, practically speaking, of great importance. It is a gas which was discovered in Holland, and to which its discoverers gave the name of olefiant, or oil-making gas. To Make this a very simple process is sufficiegl. •If we take some spirits of wine, and put it into a retort, ancrthen add to it some oil of vitriol, a very violent action takes place, the mixture. becomes hot and red, and, a ft er a s h ort time, black. By applying heat olefiant gas is distilled over, and may be col lected over, water. The sulphuric acid must be added in excess or we shall obtain different products. Olefiant gas is thus ob tained by virtue of a very interesting chemical action. Spirits of wine do not contain olefiant gas by• virtue of ite• natural properties, but its parts are broken up by the sulphuric acid. It. is perfectly colourless and invisible, it dues not exert any action on vegetable colours, and it is not absorbed by water. Ulefiant Tgas is inflaimnable., and it bums with an intensely brilliant flame. he brilliancy of coal and oil gas is occasioned by the quantity of olefiant gas whi c h th e y conta i n. Thi s brilliancy wises from the quantity of carbon which enters into combustion owing to the intense heat of the hydrogen. On observing the flame of a gas burner, it will be seen that for a slight distance from the orifice, at which the gas issues, there is a pale blue flame ; this is owitiv, to the non-combustion of the carbon, which is not ignited until it has passed beyond that portion of the flame. Dr. Kane illustrated this by burning the gas as it passed through a piece of isolated wire gauze, and explained thereby the con struction of the Davy lamp Chlorine combines with olefiant gas under very- remarkable circumstances. Chlorine unites with the hydrogen, anal the carbon is set free, consequently when a jar of the mixed gases are inflamed the carbon is pre cipitated in a dense black cloud.. Chlorine unites silently with this g%is, and produces a remarkably oily fluid, called the oil of the Dutch chemists in consequence of their having discovered it. It is a weak acid, of which chlorine is the oxide. Olefiant gasburns perfectly when mixed with its own volume of oxygen, it is then totally converted into water and carbon. A tremen dous explosion is the consequence, of a much more violent nature than that which ensues from the combination of oxygen with hydrogen. This results from the olefiant gas containing within itself thrice its own volume of hydrogen, as well as a quantity of carbon, by which we have, as. in gunpowder, the ingredients of explosion in a much larger proportion. At the termination of the lecture, Dr. i(ane addressed the members to the following effect, in a speech the eloquence of which was only equalled by the unaffected modesty with which it was delivered : " We have thus brought to a termination our researches into , the elements of nonmetallic chemistry, in which we have had the pleasure of being engaged; and I cannot, after trespassing upon your patience, this eveniug, to so unreasonable an hour, take leave of you without expressing my gratitude for the pa hence and attention with which you have received and listened 'to my lectures. I deem myself very highly indebted to the Directors of the Institution for the excellent arrangements which they have placed at my disposal, without which I should not have been enabled to have brought forward the different subjects I have introduced in an order suited to the importance or interest which chemistry ought to possess. I deem myself bound, in common justice, to express my deep sense of the in valuable assistance which I h ave received from a gentleman who, I am glad to find, is recognised and received, in this town, as a well informed chemist, a gentleman whose practical ac quaintance with science has rendered every hour I have passed in his society one of the greatest pleasure. This I owe to Mr. Wilson, and I cannot lake my leave of the scientific circles of Liverpool without expressing the feelings of astonishment which occurred to me on finding, that a gentleman so well acquainted with every department of chemistry was to be found here. Be fore concluding, I must beg leave to address a few words to the junior classes, which i am glad to find are so numerous, and which, by their attendan c e a t th ese l ectures, test if y their in _ terem in scientific pursuits. The science which is available in life is not the science of the lecture, In bt inving forward, in a lecture of this description, the elements of chemical science, it is our duty to present them in as interesting and popular a manner as possible. In order to do this, we are obliged to crowd together a number of brilliant experiments, which, to i one unacquainted with science, would appear to be the most' pleasing part of it. This, I would beg to state, is not the case. I trust that there are many of the juniors here in whom these And the other lectures which may be delivered here, will excite the desire of studying science; and 1 venture to predict to them, that, after a little time, the mysteries of science, when properly understood,—when entered upon with enthusiasm,— will present beauteous points of interest far surpassing those which we are enabled to bring forward in lectures, such as will well repay their trouble, and that the time which they may de vote to what, at present. may appear to them to be dry principles of chemical theory, will be found not to be mispent, but directed , to the pursuit of what must • throw deeply into the shade all that they have previously learned. Science the inure it is stu died, the more beautiful it will become. In every department of th e arts, the accomplished chemist must become the friend, the benefactor, the teacher of all by whom he is surrounded. Let the strident, in Liverpool, contemplate what Liverpool and Manchester must become. You are here in the metropolis of science in the British Empire. You must here practice prac tical sc ience ; you have here the development of the vital wealth of the nation depending•upon the applications of science to the arts. It' these applications are worked out, you must be prosperous; if they are not well worked out here, they will be elsewhere; and, if so, it must lead to the downfal of the trade and commerce of the country. We look forward, then, to young students, in iiistit utions similar to the one in which I have now the honor of speaking, for improvements in practical chemistry. Having mentioned this point of interest, I beg to repeat, that the further students in chemistry may advance in these studies, the less they will find them to be of that abstruse character which they may now appear to them to be, and the more fin portant and interesting they will become. I should apologize for the necessarily imperfect manner in which many of the topics to which I have alluded have been discussed. For this I could plead, first, the hinder' time at my disposal; secondiy, the necessarily popular manner in which I had to discuss the subject. which rendered it at times exceedingly difficult to speak up to the present state of the science; and, thirdly, I must put in a plea somewhat personal, that hitherto my prac tice being confined to the teaching of classes, I bad not directed my attention specially to those departments of the science which it was necessary to bring forward in a popular course. I am certain, therefore, that many circumstances have occurred to show, not, I trust, lack of information on my part, but lack of tact in introducing the requisite illustrations. I trust, how ever, that the causes to which I allude will be my apology." The Doctor then retired, amidst the most enthusiastic plan dits. Oil Wednesday evening Dr. Epp, o f me t ropo l itan cele brity, commenced a course of popular lecture's on phyidology. This is a subject but rarely made the theme of a popular course of lectures; and, th.refore, we trust, that from its nove lty, i im- will partance, and the well known ability of the lecturer, t draw. as numerous audiences as those which have attended Dr. Kane. NC ~,....... STATE OF TRADE. M NCii ESTER. —There is very little change to notice in the Manchester market. Owing to . the stoppage of,the canals very little business has been done for the last fortnight, especially in yarn, which has been sold at rather lower prices. For power loom printing cloths there was a little more i u qui r y on Monday anal 'I uesday ; but the demand was by no means general, nor can it be expected to become so until we have a change of weather. ItaCHDALE FLANNEL. M A RKET.—T6ere was but a (lull market on Mondsy, though perhaps more goods were sold than on the previous Monday. Prices have rather given way, and many have been bought for one or two shillings a couple below toe previous rates. There has been little doing in the wool market, but the last week's prices have been maintained. PA DI ti AM.—We learn from these districts that within the l as t fortnight the cotton trade has been generally very dull. Hand loom weaving has been very much depressed, and considerable distress exists among the operatives. Potatoes, a staple article of food, have rather advanced in price.—Manchester Guardicin. THE CHASE. ' The Cheshire Hounds will meet to-morrow, the 3d instant, at Appleton-hall; Monday, the sth. at Wttbington-hall; Tuesday, the 9th, at Manley-mill ; Wednesday, the 7th, at Taryin ; Thursday, the Bth, at Duild.m•heath ; Saturday, the 10th, at Booth's Obelisk.—At half past ten o'clock. Mr. Leeche's Hounds will meet this day, the 2d instant, at Penley-hall; Monday, the sth, - at Handley ; Wednesday, the 7th, at Pentrebychan ; Friday, the 9th, at Overton-bridge ; Monday, the 121 h, at Wyonst a y.—A t h a lf-p as t t en o ' c l oc k . The North Shropshire Hounds will meet to-morrow,' the 3d instant, at Stoke-heath ; Tuesday, the 6th, at High Ercall.— Al a quarter before eleven. The Ludlow Hounds will meet this day, the 2d instant, at Masotti-wood ; Tuesday, the 6th, at Faintree; Thursday, the Bth, at Middleon-gorse; Tuesday, the 13th, at Orleton-com mon ; Thursday, the 15th, at Pedlar's rest;, Saturday, the 17th at Onihury-bridge.—At ten o'clock ~ . Sir Thoinas . lioughey's Hounds will meet this day, the 2d instant, at Chetwynd.—At half-past ten. Mr. Lynch, of the Chancery bar, has obtained the vacant mastersl4; Mr. Lynch is the first Catholic gentleman who has held a similar office since the ►tefnrmation; and his revered father-in-law, the late Mr. Charles Butler, was the first Eng lish Catholic who obtained a silk gown under the emancipation act. Mr. Lynch gives up considerable practice, and of course vacates his seat for Galway, but will be eligible for re-election. ELGIN Dismtcr OF BURG ns.—lntimation was received here on Wednesday morning, that Sir Andrew Leith Hay, had been appo►nted Governor of Bermuda, which will occasion a vacancy in parliaMent for the Elgin District of Burghs. A requisition Was immediately got up in favour of the lion. Fox Aime.'and which, in the course iit a few hours, obtained the signatures of 110 electors of Banff and Macdi►fi:. Thi s is ga ll and wormwood to the bales, who have long threatened to bring forward the Master a Grant, to contest the representation of these burghs with the liberals. The electorhof the sister burghs of Elgin, Peterhead, Inverury. and Kiu►tore, are full of en thusiasm in the cause of Mr. Maule.—Aberdeen Herald, 1~, •~~L FEB REI A Y 2. 1-S3B ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE, GREAT CHARLOTTE-STRE.ET, LIVERPQ9L. frill IS present FRIDAY, and TO-MORROW,.(Saturdola IL the 2d and 3d instant; TWO JUVENILE NIGHTS, the Pettormancvs will be so arranged as to conclude by Min** O'Cfink. THE FOUR PAIR OF LOVERS, OR, THE HUMOURS OF DARBY AND JOAN. In the course of the Ballet will be introduced the celebrated Pas de Deux, from Masaniello, by Master and Miss Ginnett; and a Comic Medley, bx the infant Hercules; Comic Pas de Deux, Masters C. and G. Rivers; Finale by the whale et Lpt Characters. After which the laughable interlude of the ACTRESS OF ALL WORK. RYAN'S SCENES IN THE CIRCL English Fut Hunter. Jack the Giant Killer. acchus the God of Wine. Diana, the Goddess of the Ch . ,Mr. Ryan will introduce a new Equestrian Battle Sc e, called the Flight of the Saracens. A novel and pleas' Burletta Scene, called the Cockney Sportsman; or, tb st of September. During the evening the Chiarini Fami will appear on the Tight Rope. _ . To conclude with the Burtette called .. _ . MORE BLUNDERS THAN ONE. Prices of admissiop—Dress Boxes, 3s. ; Pit, 25. ; Lowe r Gallery, Is. ; Upper Gallery, 6d. Children, half price, from. the conitnencement, to the Box es a nd Pit on ly. Second Pricer at Half-past Eight o'clock : Boxes, Is. 6d. ; Pit, Is.; Galleries, 6d.—Box Office open every day from Eleven till Three o'clock,: when Mr. HALF. will be in attendance. Doors open at Six o'clock, and the Performance •begius at half-past. Private Boxes may he had nightly for Parties, at 21s. and 425. Instructions in the Art of Riding Given. Riding Master, Mr.. Gimlet:. Terms may be known on application at the Amphitheatre. Proprietor, .M r. BATES. Stage Manager, Mr. NEVILLE. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Several communications marked for insertion are unavoidably postponed. The interesting extract from the Hamp:lJ,. Advertiser in our next. A correspondent has forwarded to us for insertion a letter, con— taining one hundred and forty-eight pages of manuscript,. I which would occupy about twelve coiumns of our paper. W. - really have not had time to peruse it ; we cannot therefue," offer any opinion upon its merits: but as it , is quite out of the question that we should publish it, the writer, if he sets any value upon the manuscript, had better apply at the oftles for its return. je ILiberpool gitantiarb: FRIDAY AIWINING, FEBRUARY 2, 1838, ozr The Publication of the STANDARD commenced this morn. ing at 6 o'clock. BomßAY.—By the overland communication, we have intelligence from Bombay to the 30th Nov. The trade ism rapidly improving. There was a good demand forell descriptions of piece goods, and prices were fully as high as they had been in the spring. The sales reported were 60 per cent. less in extent than at the same period of the preceding year, and it was calculated that there' was not more than a fortnight's consumption of any sort on hand. The improved accounts received from Ell land to the 14th October had had the effect of raising the, price of cotton 8 to 10 rupees per candy. No iessel : had left for this port from the date of our last advices tb the 30th November, and only two, the. Mermaid asu Portsea, for London. There were several vessels then loading both for London and Liverpool, expected to sail. in all December.—Price of Cotton 110 to 125 rupees.—. The exchange Is. 111 d to 2s. NEWS FROM CANADA.—By the Roscoe, which arrived here yesterday, we have received files of New York. ' pers from the 2d to the Bth ultimo, inclusive. FroM the subjoined extracts it appears that no most. - ment of a decisive character had taken place in either' province of Canada, since the date of the last adv ices. The rumoured attack upon Navy Island turns out to be a sheer fabrication. So far from• Sir F. B. Head hav ing met with a repulse from the rebels; he Was not even in the vicinity of the alleged scene of action. We are glad to perceive that there is a visible altera tion in the tone of the New York papers in reference to the encouragement afforded to• the insurgents by the ci tizens of the United States. All the respectable jour nals strongly deprecate any thing like interference on on the part of the citizens, urging the necessity. of pre serving the amicable relations which have so long sub sisted between the United States and Great . itrie!gig ) - Prudence, self-interest, and treaty stipidati on s undoubt edly conspire to reader imperative an observance of strict neutrality. We learn with regret that a partial collision had ta ken place between the loyaliits and certain parties who had embarked from the frontier towns of the states, which issued in the destruction of the Caroline steamer. We feel confident, however, that no difficulty will arise from the circumstance, which will, we have no doubt, admit of a satisfactory explanation. Indeed, even upon the admission of the republican paper from which We have extracted the account, it appears thit the (so called) " outrage was the isolated work of a small party—vo lunteers —and undertaken, as well as committed, without the knowledge of the commander on the Canadian side, or any other responsible person;' and that. neither Sir F. B. Head nor Col. M'Nabb had any cognizance of the affair. The eloquent and appropriate address of Sir F. B.• Head to the Legislative Council and the House of As sembly of Upper Canada will be perused with consider able interest. It is a document of great importance, as , affording an exemplification of the policy which Sir Francis pursued towards the disaffected. The tribute which he pays to the loyalty and devotion of the volun teers, who so promptly responded to his appeal, is ex tremely affecting. • The proclamation of the President of the United. States mill also be perused with interest, as affording e conclusive proof of the determination of the executive to deprive the rebels of any further reinfot cements from the States. Mackenzie and his followers will have to: fight the battle themselves. Of the result there can be no further doubt. With respect to Lower Canada we believe it may be safely said that there is not a man in arias against the government at present. • We subjoin such extracts as are of importance. (From the Courier and Inquirer, of Jan. 3.) The affair of the Navy Island is assutring a very serious as spect. The position of the insurgents is undoubtedly strong; their number is daily increasing, and their supply of arms, am munition, and all the sinews of war, receive daily augmentation. There is no doubt that the state of Jeeling along our frontier threatens to implicate us in most unfortunate difficulties With, England. A rumour was in circulation yesterday, that the British minister had demanded his passports.. This,we - eau, hardly believe to be true; Out if our government do not cult out some volunteer corps, enforce obedience to the laws, awd compel our citizens to respect our neutrality,-we should not be surprised it Mr. Fox should feel ititicuitheut upon him.. to- close his mission. It is the duty of the federal government 'to make use of all the means in its power to compel obedience to our treaty stipulations and our national obligations. On this sub ject, at least, there can be no difference of opinion between. all, tight minded men. (From the Commercial Advertiser, Jan, FROM THE FRONTIER. We gave little confidence yesterday to the. magniloquent ee.. counts brought by the Buffalo and Rochester, papers of the 28th,,, of the action, as they chose to call it, at Navy Island, on the 27th. Our opinion is proved to be correct by the subjoined' P. S. in the Buffalo Cotnmercial Advertises. of the 29th :•--- 44 TONAWANDA, 12 o'clock.—l have krat understood,' and be-. lieve it to be true, that a few guns were fired eta battery about to be erected on the Canada shore, and that a boat front that Canada shore has been all around Navy Island, keeping close, to the shore of Grand Island, and, I believe, has been complete ly around it. A few guns were fired at the boat without effect. That it all the war there is, and nut a man from Canada oa Grand Island." It would be amusing, if it Were not so mortifyi n g to the feel ings of ev er y goo d citizen, to hear of the tremendous hubbub into which the patriotic inhabitants of Butralo were thrown, by the (false) report, that some of the Canadian militia bad landed on Grand Island— contrasting, as we must, their effeiverreetictS at this report, with the very honorable and honest part they hate taken in the invasion of the British territory, by the Navy Island marauders. The whole population was up in a moment —a meeting, was called and held instanter—the sheriff was re quited to summon the military strength of the' county, which, by the way, cannot be great, as the militia- have seat all thiir arms and ammunition to Navy Island, and. every body was in flame of patrio'ic enthusiasm to march against the bold hive der. And two of the deputy ma rshalls, just appointed to pre vent violations of neutrality on our. side, were among the fore most in the hustle'. A happy selection of deputies bl.r. Gamier has made. The fact of the matter is, that a few Auscaremearoas oar own. \ shore, bad gone to their usual fishing ground near the north end of Grand Island, where the current is less rapitl'than at ;any other place in the river. This WES - the dreadful, invasion that . threw the patriotic citizens of Buffalo into such a flurry. These worthy gentlemen have been quite successful in acting out the ancient fable of the honest lawyer, as set forth in the . American spelling-book; they find an immense difference'be, tween the ox goring the bull and the bull goring the ox. . (From the Buffalo C m. Adv. Dec. 30th.) ! STEAMBOAT CAROLINE BURNT ! TWENTY-TWO LIVES LOST I. ! 8, A. M.—Cape.tKeeler, of th e sc h ooner Agnes Barton, and F. Eminons, of this city, have just brought news by express from Schlosser, of an attack made this morning upon the steam boat Caroline,lying at that place, which resulted in the destruee- Lion of the boat, and the DEATH of TWENTY-TWO of-her crew —only 12 escaping! It is stated that the attack was made about 2 - n , tlock, bys five boats of armed loyalists, cantaining from 100 ter 150 men.. who guarded the gangways, and cried 'no quarter