The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-11-02 00:00:00

of the pt Dse of ti .ty somewhere, upon the and incre loci, we are aimi taut just now, an of the t which must be rr sound footing, .ket au r legal in 1843, £ 181 is 1 3, the Acts for form the ft .uthorizir made, by which a la )erty of the township, t 4BILITII hands 171 THE YEAR 1846-7 y Cash Paid for .1 849 9 11 NT FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF BIRKENHEAD. f this important township I , but, we may safely say I existed that ti As a proof, indeed, of the Commi: ?st felt I i we believe will be 3ount was issued by a valuable " History ly published by Mr. it attention to the ate was laid of 166 12s. sd. on to their bankers. From this rise of the locality, fostered its affairs were conducted by others, not the least influen notice Mr. Joseph Mallaby, aken to borroN; 2d. i'as:paid - for the king a park and cemetery were urther borrowing of a sum of e purchases of land were at srge addition accrued to the ,o place against its incrreasing in refer to Mr. Mortimer's work 337,658 4 4i Amount of Rates Collected 4651 16 8 £342488 3 Ili inexplicable matter how this mld have accumulated in one nent of the preceding year ~051 Os. 6/d. to the credit of operty, £337,658 4s. 4d., was prices of land, which subse to have been sadly overrated. Alities increased io £313,203 general bonds £297,367 15s. ; ?erry, £14,286 lls. Bd. ; and ae to Bankers, £824 9s. Bd. accounted for by the large sum under the head of property or Monk's Ferry purchase ; packet; £32,240 on account and £3,818 on account of about £12,500 for new high -5 for interest. A large por fore not reproductive expen- n• 1846, we find the liabilities 11d., notwithstanding land ut of £20,850 6s. 6d. The ire appear to have been for 2d. ;' lighting and watching 1,863 16s. Bd. • and under ,808 4s. 91d. In 1847, 31st eased t0 * .Z416,832 9si 6d., I lent under which the com- ow restrict them to £400,000. some and expenditure in this Mortimer from the official NCOME AND EXPENDITURE E ,hways 5,397 , Lighting and itching 4,999 15 2 „ Market... 1,341 0 9 „ New Streets.7,sl2 16 11 „ Lands boght. 565 1 1 „ Interest.... 16,384 4 n „ Far iningPk 10,843 16 11 „ Parlimentary Expenses 2,421 0 3 Redmpt. of 36,920 9 6 Land Tax 5OB 3 1 „ Income Tax. 381 7 1 „ Gen. Salariesl,26s 3 9 „ Gen. Charges2,o62 6 4 ' , Town Hall Establishment. . 11 fßy Balance to 1847-8.4,232 3 4 e 342488 3 112 nt of t erty co e find the lial iount'of a accounVof Monk's namel zeneral property act X 45 NT OF I rovement Rate-3,139 6 Watchin; liitttoir New Sts. ..8,056 17 1 Lands 501d.1,669 8 3 Interest in hiding Ferry „ Rent ~ Recd. on .oan 4,248 6 0 229 17 4 58,371 15 9 £58,371 15 9 The value of the assets of the town, as estimated before to Commissioners for making the parliamentary inquiries the Gas and Water Bills in January last at £598,317. - e give the following copy of the valuation as produced : VALUATION OF PROPERTY OF TOWNSHIP OF BIRKENHEAD Woodside and Monks' Ferries. X. s. d. s• d Jett income over expenditure 11,000 0 0 ,ue of Woodside, &c., Ferries, 'aken at 25 years' purchase rket, at cost 275,000 0 0 28,200 0 0 yards of land on which it stands, 15,368 0 0 43,568 0 0 7,433 0 0 3,521 0 0 I on which'they stand, at 15s 10,954 0 0 Park, Flaybrick, &c. ... . . 212,759 0 0 Bs deposit received on land sold 6,888 0 0 -205,871 0 0 1,169 0 0 is valuation Land sold in Ivy and Chester-street and not valued by Mr. Stewart. 2451 yds land for Town-hall, at 40s 4,902 0 0 2955 do. do. Bridewell, at 40s 5,930 0 0 at 15i 3,917 0 0 87 do. do. Market at 60s 9,861 0 0 00 do. Cemetery Land at 6s 27,400 0 0 02 do. Collegiate Land at ss6d 5,324 0 0 61,055 0 0 700 0 0 of Old Town-ball Materials 598,317 0 0 Amount down, zunt borrowed on 80nd5.... _598,317 0 0 366,367 15 0 31,198 0 0 ating Debt. 397,565 15 0 which will be recovered on ant of new streets, and which 10,000 0 0 387,565 15 0 Surplus over Debt.... 210,751 15 0 But the accuracy of the data, and the principle upon 7hich several portions of this estimate was framed, were isputed ; and the land and other property is no doubt :reatly overvalued. _ _ _ _ _ .. Indeed it was decidedly objected to by Mr. Mortimer, ; incorrect, when it was produced before the Commis oners by Mr. Brownrigge, the chairman of the finance )mmittee, when it was withdrawn for further explana ons, which have not yet appeared, although they may robably be laid before the Commissioners to-night. To enable us to show more conclusively the fallacy of ie calculation, we must first enter into a few particulars, hich more appropriately present themselves at this stage of our inquiry. A great portion of the reliance of the inhabitants for the means to meet the expenses of the township and the interest on its debt has been placed upon the alleged profit of working the ferry ; and from time to time this profit has been stated at from £4OOO to £7OOO or £BOOO. No statement, however, which can be called satisfactory has as yet been published of the precise revenue derived from this source. In an account . professing to be such a statement was published in April, 1844, from which it appeared that the receipts for the year had been £15,589 18s. 4d., and the payments £9457 10s. 2d., the difference from which was paid to the Commissioners. To set against this, however, the Commissioners paid £7148 6s. lid. for one steam packet and part of another ; and the ferry account is not debited at all, with either rent or interest upon the outlay of about £BO,OOO. Another account, for the year 1844-5, shows an apparent profit of £2787 15s. 3d. ; but here also no item for interest or rent appears, and a further sum of £3280 had been paid by the Commissioners for a new packet. In 1845-6, for the first time, an item of interest from ferries (£3879195.) was paid over to the Commissioners, and the nett profit appears to have been £6966 is. 9d., which was, however, again absorbed by the purchase of new boats. The last statement published, for the year 1846-7, we give from Mr. Mortimer's work, from which it will be seen that the items of " new boats" and " interest" again absorb the apparent profit of working the ferry : The receipts were, for the year ending 22d April, 1847 : ^•-"From annual contractors £ 2,027 10 6 From daily passengers 19,063 5 2 From freight of goods From rents, weighing machine, &c. l7l 15 6 R 22,614 13 2 . 1,552 19 6 From previous balance .€24,167 12 8 And the payments in the same year were : For coals £2,287 18 2 Wages 5,954 10 9 Ditto ? Monks' Ferry Repairs of boats 2,585 7 6 Ditto of piers New boats 4,626 6 8 Miscellaneous Hire of vessels 597 0 0 Salaries Cash paid to the Commissioners Balance in hand, 22d April, 1847 3,879 19 0 212 3 5 .024,167 12 8 It must be obvious from the above, that the estimate of the value of the ferry is enormously over estimated ; and the same may be said of the value of the market. It iSeU:I2S foolish to calculate upon the pfifisibility of ever re- alizing the original cost, £43,000 odd, of a market which does not even pay its working expenses. Some of the property of the Commissioners (building land, &c.) may undoubtedly be sold, and their debt somewhat reduced. With respect, however, to the most important item—the .£2OO, 030 odd, estimated as the value of the new park, _ -fly portion of it, the ` - .2d with, but to be kept open, as originally stipulated, for tly. habitants. A large portion of the upon the park, has alro^- 3 g en- Company &c park itself, is not int led to be par eof the in- ❑d, abiattin sold to - a one of the conditions of the pt oint Stool Comm In any such ciation of the locali rs can be derived from lands the Commis: The important inqui s the affairs of the to On, and the interest of its debt paid, An' sum expended b 7 is stated in the ac of the t rs in the year 1 9. In this. hoN has var to 47111 ince ti ways at for forming head, whicl the ex Oniittir the item except to an inc ly of hie ture, the ordinary exx gives a sum of £30,000 to h inhabitants. Perhaps by judic: To - meet this v missioners having now an and three lighters, all in pert become productive to the town during the last yew "new boa £15.450. misnoner and the rate F acKets ought now to wing out the item .s," for whi, It to ti .11ent fl , we find the 614, and the working expenses rich may not occt again for a fi as it will he desirable to provide for keeping up the effi ciency of the establishment, we can only depend at pre sent with any safety upon an annual average revenue from the ferries of £5OOO. The extreme rate which the Com missioners are authorised to levy upon the property of the township is 2s. 6d. in the pound ; and although the rates in 1846-7 were levied upon a nominal rental of £112,044, on about minal rental to be assessed upon next year, at 2s. 6d. in the pound, the extreme amount to be collected will be £lO,OOO ; or, with the ferry profits, the ordinary revenue of the township will be £15,000 ; to meet the annual liabilities £30,000. The prospects of the bondholders, in such a state of things, wear rather a sorry appearance, those of --+- - enviable ; arid _ et the ratepayers are not _or it must be apparent, that in the case of any early realization of the property of the commissioners, the former will insist and not to the carrying on of the ordinary 'Oaks of the township. They cannot allow the only tangible security which they possess for their money to be abstracted. It is same consolation to observe tha .ers and owners of proof ,rtv in the township, are not diipOsed to shirk the task of looking their difficulties manfully in the face. During the past week, ling upon t of property, With a v to take some steps to restore _ the township to a solvent condition. It is proposed to seek for powers, in ti Le ensuing si rate, probably of double the amo;Miorthat allowed by the acts in existence, upon all household property, occupied or unoccupied, one-half of which is to be payable by the own ers. It is also proposed to rate the land in. the township, whether pi oductive or unproductive. From this source it is expected that a considerable fund will be derived for the liquidation of a part of the debt of the township, or of the interest accruing to the bondholders. Some hope is also entertained that, by prudent manage ment, and by the steps taking to transfer the docks into the hands of Government, an increased population may be drawn to the locality, and the rateable value and produc tiveness of property in the township may be increased. Upon the feasibility of this project we express no opinion. It is, however, impossible, from a review of the whole of the facts, which we have stated above, to avoid arriving at the conclusion, that the affairs of the township heretofore have been managed in a manner very reprehensible, and and with a view rather to the interests of land speculators than to the present or permanent interests of the locality. At the public meeting to which we have referred, when the township will be moved to take the initiative in pro posing what may be fairly called a Property Tax, it is also intended to urge the Commissioners to join in an application for a Charter of Incorporation, either by Act of Parliament, or by Royal grant. These measures have met the approbation of a large portion of the respectable inhabitants, and will doubtless attain legislative sanction. Z accustomed as to the wisdom of the mode of relief adopted, and it capaouities of meeting the extent of the difficulties under which the commercial world was suffering. A hopeful tone of feeling, however, was very generally observable ; and men congratulated themselves that, at the least, the position of immovability on the part of government in monetary emergencies was surrendered. On Wednesday the buoyancy of the public mind was maintained, though in a slightly increased degree; but towards the close of the week the expectations of sensible benefit to be derived from the measure greatly decreased. It was complained that the Bank had asked too high a price for their assist ance, to allow of its being availed of to any considerable extprif by racnantal•rla r‘artioa millihn fn rnalra ....loan', n 1,1" . . - sacrifices for their extrication from temporary difficulties, whilst it did not assure against a return to the former pressure, so soon as the limited amount of money likely to be granted to desperate parties should have been taken off. At first it had the effect of bringing out a consider able quantity of money, which had previously been hoarded for investment at the low prices current ; and especially this was the case in the Shares of the leading Railway lines, of which the prices were supposed to have reached their minimum. A temporary active business, at rising prices. was the result, which however has since disappeared. The effect of the government measure has been further neutralized by the announcement of a number of additional both in London and in the manufacturing dis- Amongst the latter is that of Mr. Robert Gardner —a gentleman, who, it may be remembered, oser of Mr. Wm. Brown, as member for South Lancashire, on Free Trade principles, although Mr. Gardner was in all other respects a Conservative. His liabilities are stated at £lOO,OOO ; but his property is ample, and it is said that a surplus will be left of nearly £200,000. It is complained of that under such circum stances any stoppage should have taken place, on the ground that Mr. Gardner should have submitted to the sacrifice of property required to enable him to meet his engagements, instead of throwing the inconvenience and failures tricts. of Mancl The other failures in.Manches er are not, in the aggregate, to any large amount. Our Cotton market at the commencement of the week well, upOn his creditors was considerably firmer, at better prices. On Wednesday and Thursday, however, the average was not maintained, the arrival of the Hibernia on the latter day, with more favourable advices of the state and probable amount of the crop, operating to produce a feeling of depression. The news per this mail will be found below. The sales of the week are 22,200 bales, 3,000 of which (American) are to speculators and 4,000 American and 130 Surat for export. The imports are 17,651 bales. Stock in Liver pool 418,490, against 570,900 bales same time last year. Great disappointment was felt at the non-arrival of the specie, promised to be sent us from the United States, by the Henry Clay, and subsequently said to be kept back for the Hibernia. It is inferred now, from the rates of Exchange current at New York at the period of the packet's sailing, and the tightness of money which was beginning to be felt throughout the Union that no supply from that quarter, sufficient to relieve the Bank of En gland from its present difficult position, need be antici pated. On Thursday accounts were received of the failure of two small country banks—one at Salisbury, and the other other at Shaftsbury ; and both of which Mr. Brodie, the late member for Salisbury, who was succeeded about nine months ago by Mr. Chaplin, is the chief partner. They are both banks of issue ; the last monthly accounts pub lished, showing a circulation of £21,390 for the former, and £10,093 for the latter ; but the former, it is under stood, is possessed of very large deposits, belonging to the farmers and resident gentry of an extensive district, and to the tradesmen and elergy of the town. The account from Manchester on Wednesday brought intelligence of the suspension of payments by Messrs. R. J. Farbridge, and Co., East India merchants, and of Mr., Robert Gardner, an old and most respectable merchant and manufacturer. His liabilities are about £100,000; while his property is estimated at £300,000 at least. Other failures in that town are also announced. From all parts of the manufacturing districts we hear of the increase of short time working, and of additional mills being stopped. We hear from the advices by the Hibernia from Ame rica, that the unfavourable news from Mexico had caused a further decline in stock treasury notes (six per cent. stock) had fallen from 41 premium to 1*; Reading Rail road 62 to 58. So far, the estimated cost of the war is about twenty millions sterling ; and a new loan, on an ex tensive scale must now be made. Still, money was abun dant at six per cent. on four months paper. The exchange ranges 109 to +. No export of gold was anticipated, though some silver is shipping to France. Receipts of m 43,000 against 42,000 last year'; export to Great Britain 40,000 against 13,000; stocks 131,000 against 81,000. The estimates of crop range from 2,000,000 to 2,200,000 ; none being under the former figure. There is a fair amount of credits for the purchase of goods in this country. No failures had occurred at New York of any importance. On the whole, the commercial accounts are encouraging, and the immense resources of the country will give them means to meet the extraordinary expendi ture of the war. Notwithstanding the talked-of unpopu larity of President Polk, his party were carrying the elec tions in Pensylvania by immense majorities. It appears that during ten months, beginning Decem ber 1, 1846, specie had been imported into New York to the extent of 8,572,694 dollars, against, in the correspond ing period of 1845-6, 553,478 dollars, being an increase of 8,019,216 dollars • and that during the month of Septem ber last 350,925 dollars were imported, while in the previ ous year but 2,255 dollars were received. The export of specie during the corresponding ten monts amounted to 1,132,098 dollars, against 1,490,976 dollars in 1845-6. In the manufacturing districts suspension of working continues to increase. In Blackburn and Ashton-under- Lyne forty mills have ceased working from a strike of the hands ; amounting to 9,022 pereons. Active business generally is considered to be only retarded by the state of the money market. The difficulty for some time com plained of, arising from the high prices of the stock of cotton in the country, and the doubtful state of the grow ing crop no longer exists. We have now a fair assurance of a supply in the present year, of which the lowest esti mate is now stated at 2,200,000 bales ; and this will admit of the national industry being once again fully exercised. The advices with respect to the prospect of a small sup-. ply of bread-stuffs from the United States until spring has set in, has imparted a firmer tone to our corn mar kets, prices in which advanced on Friday 2s. per barrel for flour, and other articles in proportion. It will be re membered that the same attempt was made last autumn to run up prices, the American farmers withholding their stocks, and representing the quantity available as very limited. The same is clearly being played now ; but it will be defeated, owing to the abundance of our own har vest and the stocks ready to be furnished us from Europe. It is probable, nevertheless, that prices may rule fully or nearly as high as at present throughout the winter ; but the spring must bring us immense supplies, which must be marketed, if at all, at ruinous rates. By the return of the Gazette of Friday, the movement of the Bank of England for the week ending on the 23rd inst. gives the following changes compared with the week ending on the 16th inst.:—ln the department of issue the notes in circulation had decreased £ 124,155, which had been produced by the decrease of £154,131 of gold coin and bullion, and an increase of silver bullion to the extent of £29,976. On the debit side of the banking department the Rest had increased £19,003, the public deposits had decreased £94,075,, and the seven-day and other bills had increased £43,494., making the total of liabilities £32,361,351. On the credit side the Government Secu rities had decreased £189,170; the other securities had increased £503,802, the notes had decreased £1,082,845, and the gold and silver coin had increased £6146, which squared the account. The bullion in both departments of the Bank had decreased from £8,430,700 to £8,312,691, being a difference of £118,009. The paper in actual cir culation, including the seven-day and other post bills, had increased from £20,263,004 to £21,265,188, being a difference of £1,002,184. Lowest price. Highest price. TUESDAY Consols 83 to 84* money. 831 841 account. WEDNESDAY . p, 821 831 money. Pt PP 821 THURSDAY . . If 82} - 838 account. 82* money. - - 1 t VI 821 - FRIDAY - PI ft 81k - SATURDAY .. 831 account, 811 money. 81i account 801 money. 80- - 818 account EFFECT OF FREE TRADE UPON THE CONDI TION OF THE NEGRO IN SLAVE COUNTRIES. A correspondent of the London Times, in a letter ad dressed to Lord John Russell, after describing the ruinous effects of Free Trade in our own Colonies, gives the fol lowing graphic description of a visit to Cuba, at the period when the relaxation of the duties on foreign slave-grown sugar was first conceded : " I spent the beginning of this year in Cuba, with a view of ascertaining the preparations which were being made in that island to meet the opening of our markets. To an Englishman coming up from Grenada and Jamaica the contrast between the paralyzed and decayed aspect of the trade of those colonies, and the spirit and activity which your measures had infused into that of the Havan nah, was most disheartening. "The town was illuminated when I landed in conse quence of the news of high prices from England. Three splendid trains of De Rosne's machinery, costing 40,000 dollars each, had just arrived from France, and were in process of erection ; steam-engines and engineers were coming over daily from America; new estates were form ing : coffee plantations were being broken up, and their feeble gangs of old people and children, who had hitherto been selected for that light work, were formed into task gangs, and hired out by the month to the new ingenios, then in full drive. "It was crop time. The mills went round night and day. On every estate (I scarcely hope to be believed when I state the fact) every slave was worked under the whip 18 hours out of the 24, and, in the boiling houses, from 5 to 6 p.m., and from 11 o'clock till midnight, when half the people were concluding their 18 hours' work ; the sound of the hellish lash was incessant ; indeed, it was necessary to keep the overtasked wretches awake. "The six hours during which they rested were spent in THE LIVERPOOL STANDAItb. I FINANCIAL AND COMIIIERCIAL SUMMARY. a barracoon,—a strong, foul, close sty, where they wal e lowed without distinction of age or sex. r On Tuesday morning the announcement in our paper " There was no marrying amongst the slaves on the ' and in the evening papers of the preceding day, from plantations ; breeding was discouraged ; it was cheaper London, that the Government had relaxed the princi and less troublesome to buy th an t o b ree d. On many le estates females were entirely excluded ; but an intelligent of the. Bank Charter Act, and authorised the Bank of American planter told me he disapproved of that system. England to increase its issues, charging a minimum of 8 Religious instruction and medical aid were not carried out per cent., afforded sensible gratification in commercial generally beyond baptism and vaccination. circles ; and the prices of all descriptions of produce, and " Whilst at work the slaves were stimulated by drivers, of Shares, assumed firmness, to which we had not for armed with swards and whips, and protected by magnifi • - - Opinions varied, of course, cent bloodhounds. " To afford you an idea of the light in which negroes are looked upon by the Cuban planters, I will mention that I was present at a hiring bargain which took place between an American and a Frenchman, both inert of unusually The American wanted 10 The Frenchman only wished to let facetiously, 'Elles feront fereter THE IRISH POOR Mr, John Hamilton, an intelligent Irish landlord at Donegal, has written an excellent letter in the Dublin University Magazine for November, in which he graphi cally describes the present state of things in that country. He says, last year the question was how to feed the hun gry, but this year it is how to unpauperise the paupers; and in endeavouring to show that there is ample room for the profitable occupation in general of the whole available population, he brings forward a number of facts evidencing his own practical exertions for the well-being of his un- fortunate countrymen. He say " Possessing a landed property on the west coast of Ireland, it was apparent to me, this time last year, that a crisis was at hand. " I looked well into the condition of my property, which is a fair sample of landed properties here. The po pulation is dense, about one-half of my tenants holding so little land as not be subject to pay any poor-rates. " I perceived at once the destruction that threatened us, if we did not bring the resources of our bodily strength and improvable soil into play. " I tried to convince my tenants, but in vain. Though I laid out work for them, and offered double the usual wages, they declined to work (seeing the preparations making for pauperising by gratuitous relief), and knowing my anxiety for their welfare, and infected with the preva lent moral epidemic, they lazily remained at home as long as they bad a morsel to eat. Some brilliant exceptions there were, but this was the general character. " I availed myself of the existing acts of parliament for advancing money for drainage, and raised the means (rents being merely historical facts) of enabling such of my poorer tenants who wished it, to emigrate; not in order to get rid of them, but to obtain possession of land to work upon ; for I found it in vain to try to operate upon the scraps of their little holdings which I could persuade them, as a favour, to allow me to drain and improve. " n the early part of the year I was obliged to work, almost entirely, with the tenants of other landlords, mine all holding aloof, though they saw daily hundreds of their neighbours, who passed their doors, coming to my work ; and the very men who, in ordinary years, always worked for three or four months with me, this year refused to come. " However, I kept them from receiving public relief as much as I possibly could, though I was often taunted for my cruelty, even in my place as a member of the board of guardians of the poor; and the long-desired result at length rewarded my perseverance. Hunger at last drove them to work, after they had sowed their land, and eaten their last pound of provision. And now for eight months I have had the satisfaction of seeing industry as decidedly the rule among my tenants as indolence was; and they are now as proud of not having had a pauper from among them in the poor-house, as I can possibly be. Their moral condition is altered; they feel and acknowledge their error, and are grateful for what I have done—much, very much more grateful than the most thankful of those who received the pauper's relief, and are pauperised. " I have done all my work (as far as possible from its nature) by contract. The feeling of the people was quite against me, and they turned out many times on account of it ; but by never yielding, and patiently waiting, and kindly speaking and advising, this was quite got over, and my labourers have learned to work like men. The difficulties and delays which I met with in my arrangements under the drainage acts were so great, that had I not embarked so largely in the improvement of my land, 1 w ould never have gone through the vexation occa sioned thereby. I mention this merely to show that mine was not a pet case, in which less than ordinary difficulty was to be encountered. " I trust that the arrangements for carrying out the new ' Land Improvement Act,' will be found such that all landlords will as speedily as easily avail themselves of its advantages, and that my difficulties will leave a smoother path behind me. " The result oemy endeavours is now— " 1. That every man, woman, and child on my property, who chooses to work, is fully employed. " 2. That almost all do choose it. " 3. That some hundred acres, drained and subsoiled since Christmas, have yielded crops, which give the greatest encouragement to go on, and have been so re ported by several inspectors sent by the Board of Works. " 4. That hardly one off my property has had occasion to seek relief in the poor-house. " 5. That as my tenants have had, and have still means of supporting themselves by their earnings, and are in a better moral condition than those supported by paupers' pauperising rations, I have a much better prospect of re ceiving rent from them than if I had acted other wise. (I should add, that this prospect is by no means merely in the distance, but is realising itself satisfac torily.) . - - _ - - would remark, in conclusion, that I have had every difficulty to cope with, except personal intimidation, which can be mentioned. I had no funds to begin upon ;no encouragement from a disposition in my tenants to meet my views, and little from any example or co-operation around me. " I was surrounded by a population casting themselves upon public charity, almost totally unchecked and un aided, and this greatly enhanced my difficulties. " I was necessarily occupied, to the exhaustion of body and mind, in attending to the wants of •the surrounding paupers, being chairman of the finance, and of two relief committees, besides my ordinary poor-house business. " One of my districts is th e t o o n oto r ious U n ion of Glenties, whichis enough to brand it as hopeless in the opinion of most persons ; but by the constant attention of my son, who has banished himself into that wilderness, there is neither labour-rate upon our electorate there, nor any ordinary poor-rate, except for the keeping up of our share of the poor-house staff." good characte ditional hands eight females. obsarvi parmi vos jeunes gen "At lasi' the latter said, I'll tell you what I will do ; I've a lame houseboy ; he has never been used to field labour certainly, but lie's a very spirited lad, and your mayoral may get a deal of work out of him if he only presses him -a little ; you shall have him ; that will make nine; and then I've got a magnificent breeding wench, aussi large que_Monsieur, (turning to me) CI / fined three weeks ago. It wean her baby at once, give her a couple of purges, and she shall be here, fit to go to work, on Sunday.' And, as Dr. Locock wa's not there to remonstrate, the bargain was struck, the baby weaned, and the breeding wench put to work. Possibly your lordship is at this moment sweetening your tea with the results of her exertions." OPERATION OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND The London Gazette of Friday throws a strong light on the present crisis. And truly it was a crisis,—such an one, in truth, as the country has scarcely ever passed through ; —for we cannot admit that the panic of 1825-had nearly all the fearful accompaniments of the present long continued pressure. _ _ _ _ The Bank of England absolutely requires, for its free and necessary action, to have in its London treasury and in the treasuries of its branches, a stock of £4,000,000 of bank-notes. But on Saturday week, we now find, the whole of its stock of notes was reduced to £1,547,270 ! —exhibiting a reduction, in one week, of no less than £1,082,845. Thus it was clear, that a very few days more would have brought the whole establishment to a stand still—with no bank-notes in its till, for either discounts, advances, or any other purposes whatever. s To show the nature of the rapid decline in the Bank currency, let us look back for a very few weeks; keeping an eye on the same item in the weekly accounts. The notes in the lanking department, then, appear to have been, during the last three months, continually de clining. The weekly accounts state them as follows : July 3.. August 7 . , . September 4 4,189,830 October 2 9 1 16 Pf 23 abroad. Yet the account stands thus Oct. 16. Gold Coin and bullion Oct. 23. Ditto ditto ;6,899,485 6,742,554 Decrease £154,131 How is this ? We believe it partly arises from the de mand for coin, which is caused by the stoppage of so many provincial banks. Partly, also, from the withdrawals of deposits from the various savings-banks. We observe a great diminution under the head of " Public deposits, including savings banks; &c This item stood on Oct. 16 Oct. 23 £5,496,883 4,766,,394 Decrease £730,489 This is a point worthy of serious consideration. We do not mean that the bank has much of the money of the savings' banks in its custody, as a bank ; but we know that a drain of this kind, by sales of stock, con verted into coin, and paid out to the depositors in that form, has been going on for several days past. It may be useful:6 - point out, in connexion with these returns, that the amount of notes at this moment in the hands of the public is exactly £300,000 in excess of the amount in circulation on the 12th of September, 1846, when the bullion in the B an k was w ithi n £13 , 000 of its highest point, and when it was double the sum now held. The l'irsel of yesterday says that there is, and always must be, a decline in the amount of notes in the banking department of the Bank of England at the payment of the dividends. When the stock of notes in that department is low to begin with, this decrease is sufficient of itself to' create an immediate difficulty of discounts, as all prudent people take care to foresee. Thera always is this decrease in October last year, as the following figure's will show :- __ 1846.—October 1 It was so 9,788,685 8,305,785 7,409,870 It will be fresh in the recollection of our readers that the same phenomenon occurred last April, from the same causes April 1 „ 8 15 4,876,015 3,699,700 2,832,915 2,558,315 QUARTERLY RETURN OF THE HEALTH AND MORTALITY IN ENGLAND. The official return of the health and mortality in 117 Districts of England, for the quarter ending 30th Sep tember last, has just been published, as made up from the accounts transmitted by the respective registrars, to the General Register Office. The districts are subdivided into 5213 sub-districts, and comprise, with some agricultu ral districts, the principal towns and cities of England. The population in 1841 was 6,612,000. The deaths registered in this quarter were 49.479 ; a number less by 1;948, than were registered in the corresponding quarter of last year, but 7,007 more than the corrected average of the September quarters of 1838-46. Upon the whole there is a slight improvement in the health • of the country. From a table given, it: appears that a small rise in the mortality took place in the spring after the mild winter of 1846 ; that a sudden advance occurred in summer ; that the mortality reached the maximum (56,105) in the winter of 1846-7, and has since slowly subsided. In London there has been no sign of improvement.. The number of deaths were in the quarter, from diarrhoea, namely, in each of the three months respectively, 449, 1,549, and 1,196, and from the zymotic'diseases generally, 2,409, 3,234, and 4,061. Within the quarter 4,923 per, sons died of consumption. Sixteen deaths are ascribed to various kinds of privation. Typhus raged with unusual violence. The weekly deaths were never below 50, 'and in the third week of September 111 persons died of this disease. The weekly average was 30 for the same quarter of the five preceding, years. The epidemic of fever has been more fatal in Lancashire than in London. In Manchester, Salford, and Chorlton, 4,154 deaths were registered from all causes. Diarrhoea and fever were the prevalent diseases. Typhus carries off men and women in the prime of life. Diarrhoea destroys more children, and becomes dangerous to adults in the form of cholera. The registrar of Deausgate, Manches ter, says,— "More children have died in the district duringthe last quarter under the age of five years than in most other d still • food has been unattainable by the poor , e n . c n a la- a almost at a stand-still , - ahseorne just liav have p a ssed d ni e a a t n h u s fa o e f t a u l r l e s ag h e a s v . e b I ettheaynhdandenroanttee;ndfaamnti horror, _ made her dwel lingm typhus, re uiator quarters s s e t f l o e r nt l ei e mn s spl theirl y oy s mwi homes, his victims to the grave. The disease of autumn has also done its work fearfully amongst them, no less than 103 deaths, almost entirely of children, being re corded from diarrhoea, under the drain of w hi c h th e ex hausted frames of the ittle sufferers rapidly sank. In the close, ill-ventilated, and densely-crowded rooms where the poor hive together, contagious disorders make rapid pro gress, extending from one to another, and acquiring in creased virulence from the filth and noisomeness with which they are nourished." Liverpool, created in haste by commerce—by men too intent upon immediate gain ; reared without any very tender regard for flesh or blood ; and flourishing while her working population was rotting in cellars—has been severely taught the lesson, that a part of the population— whether in cellars or on distant shores—cannot suffer without involving the whole community in calamity. In itself one of the unhealthiest towns of the kingdom, Li verpool has for a year been the hospital and cemetery for Ireland. The deaths registered in the four quarters of 1846 were 1,934, 2,098, 2,946, and 2,735; in the three quarters of 1847, ending in September last, 3,068, 4,809, and 5,669 ! The population of Liverpool 223,054 at the last census. It is impossible to represent more correctly than is done by the short notes of the registrars the pite ous spectacle which this great town presented, with the floating lazarettoes on the Mersey, the workhouses crowded with destitute paupers, the three large " sheds which will hold 300 persons nearly full of patients at the present time," and the fever " getting more prevalent among the upper classes." In St. Martin's sub-district, the deaths were 1,026—a fearful increase. Prevailing diseases, fever, diarrhoea, and dysentery. Great Howard-street. —Deaths, 1,253, an increase of 183 over the last quarter, accounted for by the number of patients sent to the north fever shed. Diarrhoea and dysentery still prevail. Duke-street.—Deaths, 747, being 57 less than in the preceding quarter. The mortality would have been greater had not most of the lower Irish been removed by the authorities. St. Thomas.—Deaths, 915, including 301 who died in the Lazarettos, on the Mersey. Typhus and dysentery were the prevailing diseases, but the former is much on the decrease, and the district has assumed a more healthy state. Mount Pleasant.—Deaths, 956, including 630 in the workhouse, and 33 at the infirmary. The deaths are 51 less than in the last quarter. There were 351 fatal cases of fever in the workhouse. Islington.—Deaths, 524, principally from fever, diar rhoea, and dysentery. The other districts were more healthy, but the report remarks :—" It will require all the energy of the in habitants of Liverpool, and the utmost resources of science, to place the health of the town in a satisfactory condition." The mortality remains high in Birmingham, Dudley, Wolverhampton, Shrewsbury ; in many towns in Lanca shire ; in Leeds, Hull, York, and Sunderland. The returns from the other towns present nothing unusual, the mortality being much the same as in previous years. The absolute mortality is always higher by from 10 to 50 per cent. in towns, than in open country districts. The report states The great historical epidemics have diPlillisUed in intensity ; And there Appear* to be no reason why they should not be ultimately suppressed, with the advances of the population among which they take their rise. Their origin is obscure, but influenza appears lenerally to become first epidemi c i n R uss i a — c h o l era i n ndia. It is in India that the source of the latter disease must he attacked. If the' health of India become sound, Europe might be safe, and hear no more of the epidemic which is now traversing Russia. The attention of the Indian authorities has for some time been directed to the From some remarks on the weather, during the quarter by J. Glaisher, Esq., of the Royal Observatory, Green which, it appears that—" The depression of temperature below the average which took place from the 7th of Jung to the end of the mo n th, con ti nue d till th e 4th o f July On July sth a period of 'hot weather set in ' and - from this time to the end of the mo nth, th e average daily tempera ture was, with very slight exceptions, above that of the season ; the period between the 11th and the 16th was the hottest during the year. The daily temperatures during the first and last weeka of August were at or below the average, and above the average during the remainder of the month. The month of Septem cold, the temperature being, nearly every day thi the month, below that of the season ALL SAINTS' SUNDAY SCHOOLS, BEAT STREET, LIVERPOOL closed, while.undergoing extensive alterations, that they might accommodate a greater number of children, and the lower roam of the building be made available for the purposes of public worship during the erection of the church for the district, were re-opened on Sunday last (Oct. 31st), and two very eloquent and appropriate ser mons were preached on the occasion. That in the morn ing by the Rev. David James, A.M., Incumbent of St. Mary's, Kirkdale, on the words, John iii. 19, " And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil,"—from which, the preacher having proved the insufficiency of all other light or knowledge but the light of the gospel to guide the erring steps of man aright, and prepare his soul for a heavenly inherit ance ; pointed out the obligation laid upon man to receive the gospel without delay, and to do all in his power to diffuse its blessings around. The room was - crowded to excess, and the collection made at the close of the sermon in aid of the funds for the defrayment of the expenses incurred by the above al- terationsamounted to Xii ls. ld In the Evening the Rev. W. M. Falloon, A.M., In cumbent of St. John's, preached from Psalm, lxviii, v.lO —" Thou. 0 God, hast prepared of thy goodness for the poor!' The rev. gentleman having set forth the special blessings prepared for the poor in a Saviour, a Bible, a ti Ministry, anc ae various means of grace, and shewed how freely they were offered to the acceptance of all who were willing to receive them, made a most pathetic appeal to his audience, urging them to become fellow-helpers with their minister in the furtherance of the Gospel among &neglected people, and try their prayers and every possible means to uphold his hands that he might not sink under the arduous labours that lay before him. Though the collection after the sermon amounted only to £3 9 2d., it possessed a more than two-fold value, from the fact of its being composed almost exclusively of the poor man's pence. Thus giving proof that the bless ings God designed for the poor to console them in their poverty and raise their affections above the world, are not only received with a welcome, but when once enjoyed are duly appreciated. Indeed such was the desire of the poor to hear the Gospel again proclaimed in this district, which has been deprived of it nearly three years, that the doors were crowded, more than half an hour before the appointed time of service, and the Ministers were obliged to be assisted through the dense mass of people, before they could obtain admission. Hundreds at last went away disappointed, while nearly as large a congregation as could possibly gain admission, remained, outside, and stood as listeners In the rain during the whole of the service It is deeply to be regretted that a more spacious .room could not be obtainecito supply the wants of thiS densely populated district. But though every effort has been made by the newly-appointed minister and the few friends who have voluntarily come forward to his aid, this is the only building in the neighbourhood that could be made at all available for the purpose of public worship. Does not this fact call aloud on all who have the means and the influence to assist in removing that reproach which has so often been brought against our town—that we build churches for the rich and those who can afford to pay for sittings, whilst too little is done to supply the spiritual necessities of the poor. Surely in a mercantile country like this, where we owe so much to their untiring industry, it were only needful to mention their wants to find thousands ready to assist in their supply. Let those who possess riches remember that, independent of all religious obligation, it is a duty they owe to themselves to provide for the spiritual instruction of those who have not the means to provide it for themselves. For it is by such instruction the social and intellectual chararter of a people are advanced, and habits of order and cleanliness are promoted. And since nearly all the opportunities, the poor are capable d'availing themselves of, are those derived from the instructions of the pulpit, how impor tant is it that churches should be multiplied, and every facility afforded that they may assemble Sabbath after Sabbath and listen to that instruction which " maketh wise unto salvation." Sir Robert Peel's Endowment Act has partially supplied a want; by providing ministers for neglected districts, but unless churches are also provided in which they may congregate their people=the energies of these ministers will be exhausted—and their most zealous endeavours to disseminate religious truth prove almost powerless, and fail, in accomplishing the desired object. _ _ We are glad to know that some progress has already been made towards the building of a church for All Saints; that many benevolent individuals have not only heard of the pressing cry for help in this neighbourhood, but have cheerfully responded by the most liberal contributions. We trust that others will be led to follow their example, that there may be no want of funds ; for we are credibly informed that the architect has already completed plans, and that the land forthe site will, in a few days, be con veyed over to the Church Building Committee. We therefore hope and trust, after what we witnessed on Sun day, there will be nothing to retard the work, but that it will proceed without delay, and that an edifice may be thus raised, where not merely two or three hundred out of seven thousand inhabitants may congregate together every Sabbath-day, but where from at least a thousand tongues the voice of praise may be raised to the glory of that Redeemer who, in his love and in his pity, has so bounti fully provided for the poor. THE BOSJESMANS These singular specimens of a very remarkable tribe of savages who inhabit the wildest districts of South Africa are once more making a journey amongst us previously to their final return to their native country. They are without doubt the most interesting curiosity ever exhibited in a civi lized land ' • and, assuredly, those who permit the present opportunity to pass will, when they hear from others a de scription of the extraordinary and instructive novelty which they have neglected, be filled with regret. In Lon don they excited an immense sensation, we had an oppor tunity more than once of personally witnessing. It is not too much to say that they fully divided the attention of the public with Jenny Lind. Morning .noon ta, and evening, ll t y hall in Picadilly where they were exaiting was filled w i th classes, a g l o l od cla y ss n e u s m , b ii e lc r lu of di t n h g e n m o u b l i t li i t t y u . de In o d f ee the d: t l h e e arn fro ed n , were continually crowded by persons of the highest rank, who seemed delighted to make the arquaintance of theseex traordinary. savages. One noble and distinguished lord was a veryirequent visitor. We seldom visited the ex hibition but he was there with a party of ladies, to whom he was delighted to introduce ..he diminutive creatures, whose free, wild manners, boisterous mirth, and extra vagant gestures (for, like some descriptions of animals taken from the forest, they seem entirely untameable) filled the fair ones with delight. But savages though they are, the traits of affection which they exhibit towards the infant, which was born during the passage to England, are delightful to witness. Their gestures, looks, actions, and mode of fondling the child all resemble those of European parents, and show that the language off paternal lave, the evidences of paternal solicitude, are not conven tional, not imitated modes of expression, but the natural significations of that language of the heart, that instinct of affection, which is equally understood by the savage and the civilized all the world over. The tribes to which this singular people belong have been frequently alluded to by writers on Africa, ancient and modern, and many singular stories have been related concerning them, some of which are true, and not a few fabulous. It is not at all astonishing, however, that a people of so strange an aspect, gifted with extra ordinary perception, stunted in growth, with eyes that shine like beads of jet, and powers of vision that enable them to see an enemy long before the most space-penetrating instrument would enable the Euro pean to distinguish them, living in the wildest part of the remote deserts of a country inhabited by cruel beasts, should have given rise to stories which in these days of universal knowledge tax the credulity of readers. If ever any race of people realized the curse pronounced on " the primeval eldest sin," it was these poor little Bosjes mans ; for literally, some years ago, every man's hand was against them, and, in return, their hands were against every man. The Dutch boors used to shoot them down for pastime as sportsmen in England do partridges and pheasants. By Caffre and Hottentots they were alike op pressed, so that they wandered from river to river, from forest to desert, and from hill to hill, with the hand ever on the •bow, and the arrow ever ready for use, casting watchful glances around, even while they snatched their scanty food. GRANDE EXPOSITION PDBLIQUE. - A short time ago, a visit was made to Derby by a firm describing themselves as " Messrs. Towerzey, Lee, and Co., negotiators, brokers, and foreign agents, Gresham Chambers, Lon don," offering to sell in the Lecture -hall an immense quantity of drapery goods, consisting of shawls, crush poplins, China lutes, Pompelina dresses, foreign satins, silks, velvets, &c., at a cost merely to cover "duty and import ;" and after remaining here for the appointed time, a removal took place to Nottingham, where the " grande exposition publique" was announced to take place at the Assembly-rooms. The drapers in Nottingham, conceiv ing that some degree of deception wa s attempting, applied to the Customs in London, to know whether any parties had authority in Nottingham to act as their agents in the " distribution," &c., and received for answer that " no person had been authorised by the Custom-house De partment to offer goods for sale in Nottingham." Many attempts were made to get at the name of " the c le r k s " superintending the sale, but all proved in vain, except Mr. Towerzey's name being given, till Saturday afternoon last, at four o'cl oc k, when Morley, inspector of licenses, walked into the Assembly-rooms, and demanded the license authorising the sale. Not having one " the clerks" were politely requested to go to the Police-office, Nov. 2, 1547. This they refused to do, and they were handed over to the custody of two policemen, and taken to the office, where they remained until half-past six, when Thomas Herbert, Esq., Mayer, being in attendance, an informa tion was laid by Morley, under the 50th Geo. 111. c. 41, sec. 6 and li, imposing a penalty of £lO for every sae without a license. Mr. Rowley appearcd for the prose cutio'n, and Mr. E. Petchitt for " the clerks," who gave their names as " Joseph Horatio Brown, yeoman, 74, Charlotte-street, Fitzroy-square, London :" " George Guest, salesman, Chapel-place, Cavendish-square, Lon don ;" and " Ric hard Goodhind, warehouseman, Alders gate-street, London." By consent they _pleaded guilt'', not to offend again paid £lO, Mr. de fendants, but, under the conditions just entered into being fulfilled, he should not press any further proceed' ings. Morley produced a shawl said by many spectators not to be worth 4s. • he had given 12s. 6d. f o r it a t the Assembly-rooms. Thus an end is put to the " G r ande Exposition Publique " in Nottingham. At Exeter, a month ago, James Macdonald was informed against under 50th Geo. 111., cap. 41; and, after paying three penalties of £lO each, and £5O towards expenses, he pro. mised not to trouble Ex e t er aga i n w i t h " forfeited mane" factures." It seems that Leeds, Sheffield, Harrowgater Nottingham, Manchester, Derby, and other large towns,• have all been visited with firms, under various titles, such' as " Brown, Leon, and Wilkins-;" " Miliford, Canstovre act sev tingham gave very great sitisfactic Mercury.—[An advertisement n cases a acdonald and S. IL 60yd-en ie conviction at Not , the public.—Derby ring to this subject column. The trick here exposed is of great antiquity. A few years since the celebrated Captain Johnson imposed the worst silks, &c., that could be bought in Manchester on the Manchester ladies for the best foreign silks, &c. It is a fact that the wife of a ma nufacturer astonished her husband by bringing home from Captain Johnson's depot some of his own manufacture.] will be found in anoti Eittratt IVIELODY" NDAY IN POETRI CHURCI S- (From " Church Melodies, )R THE FOURTII ADVENT by Viscount Afassereen The Lord's at hand I the Lord's at hand What doth His church below? As beacon doth that little band With her Lord's radiance glow! His Spirit's Witness on the earth. To men who The Lord's at hand f the Lord's at hand What doth the Christian here? Doth he a wanderer in the land, A pilgrim poor appear? And fearless 'mid surrounding night Like John, bear witness to the light' The - Lord's at hand ! the Lord's at hand! And do His faithful see, That God and mammon cannot stand, Nor Christ and earth agree? The world tiPctrrivori Ma I ..1 T • • •-• • %as vycu I,IIC IAIJI 11 IJI LAIC, The Church hath nought with it but strife The Lord's - at hand ! the Lord's at hand 1 Ye careful ones give ear, Who sow for profit, and demand An increase every year: Is this a time to lay up store For earth? Time soon shall be more The Lord's at hand the Lord's at hand Ye careless daughters rise ; What do ye in these halls so grand Where gems delight the eyes All Heaven but One br Look up—'tis yours— - t jewel boasts the Lord of Hosts V The Lord's at hand i h e Lord's at hat His is a searching eye Professor, learn that His comm an d Is perfect liberty. In vain to out"w He only asli The Lord's at hand 1 iheLord'e at hand ! With judgment shall He cotne ; False servants who his love withstand, Shall have a fearful doom. Smooth things in vain they prophesy, They shall—they do believe a lie VIII The Lord's at handl the Lord's at hand f The beast to hell is hurled; But those Christ finds without his brand, Unspotted from the world, Rejected and despised of men, Shall with him o'er the nations reign.' VARIETIES A. beggar in Dublin had been long besieging an old gouty, testy, limping gentleman who refused his mite with much irritability, on which the mendicant said, " Ah, please your honour's honour, I wish your heart was as tauter as your toes." THE A SPIRATED " H."—Mrs. Crawford says she wrote one line in her " Kathleen Mavourneen" for the express purpose of confounding the Cockney warblers, who sing it thus :—" The orn of the unter is eard on the ill ;" but Moore had laid the same trap in the " Woodpecker" -- " A art that is umble might ope for it ere." INCONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES.—CreditO7%—"SIr, 3; o u are drunk now ! you have wasted your substance with tippling; and have turned every thing that belonged to you into liquor." Debtor :—" Pardon me, sir, —every thing except my debts, w hi c h I regret, for our cake . j a g well as my own, I se e no prospect of being able t au o zq t ' ate." Tnn EXCEPTION.—A gentleman boasted thicsa-ia drank two, three, or four bottles of wine every day for fifty years, and that he was as hale and as hearty as ever. " Pray," remarked a bystander, " where are your boon companions ?" "Ah !' he quickly replied, " that's ano ther affair. If the truth may be told, I have buried three entire generations of them ! ' ARICANSAS BAGGAGE.—" Boy, run up stairs to No.-7, and bring down my baggage—hurry, I'm about movinp _ said a tall Arkansas-meat-axe-looking person to a waiter at one of our crack hotels. " What is your baggage:, Massa, and whar is he ?" " Why, th ree p i s t o l s , a pax! of cards, a bowie knife, and a shirt. You'll find them au under my pillow.—American paper. A HINT FOR PUBLICANS.—The landlord at Damao:Avg dock, when a fray is brewing among his customers, puts quantity of cayenne pepper in a bitof brown paper, makes the tongs red hot, lifts the packet with them, and holds it at the bottom of the door. The result seems almost ma gical. An inveterate sneezing commences, which is in stantly succeeded by a rush to the door and a dissolution of the company. . THE SOUTH SEA BUBBLE.—The South Sea Company was a legitimate trade beside some of the speculation which arose. Schemes were proposed which would have been extravagant in 1825, and which stamped the minds of those who entertained them with what may be trulY termed a commercial lunacy. One was for the " disco very of perpetual motion." Another for subscribing two millions and a half to a " promising design hereafter to be promulgated." A third was a " Company for carrying on an undertaking of great advantage, but nobody to know what it is ; every subscriber who deposits £2 per share, to be entitled to £lOO per annum." Even this insolent at tempt on the credulity of the nation succeeded ' - and when h th a e nd ar s c o h f r t o h g e u p e ro o j p e e e n to e r d ; h a is nd sh fr op om , the tha htoduasy h e was beset beset with applicants. In five h ours £2 ,000 was deposited RI the to b heard of in E ng l an d . Projects like these enlisted the lowest with the highest. On some sixpence, and on others, one shilling per cent. was paid ; and as no capital was required, the comparative beggar might indulge the same adventurous gambling, and enjoy the same bright castles in the air, which marked the dreams of the rich and the great. Some came so low as to ask only one shilling deposit on every thousand pounds. Persons of quality, of both sexes, were engaged in these. Avarke triumphed over dignity ; gentlemen met their brokers at taverns, ladies at their milliners' shops.—Francis's His' tory of the Bank of England. THE LATE ELECTION FOR OXFORD.—The Oxford and Cambridge Review for October brings forward rather au equivocal sort of testimony " of the value and growing preponderance "of high church principles. In an article entitled " Revelations of a Poll Book," the writer com pares the opinions of the oldest and youngest masters of arts by giving a tabular statement of their votes for Mr, Round or Mr. Gladstone, and then triumphs in the fact of a vast majority of the you having voted in favour of the " new school of thou g ht. ' He then goes on, " Thua while the masters of an ancient date, even at colleges de cidedly favourable to Mr. Gladstone, poll in the propor tion of at least two to one in favour of his antagonist, riS. ing from that ratio till, at one college the proportion reached is fifteen to one ; the recently-created ma,sterst even at Wadham, one of the great strongholds of purely Protestant feeling, support Mr. Gladstone by a majority of two to one, while elsewhere the majority is more de cided, reaching in one instance the proportion of nine and a half to one. A similar preponderance of the old in favour of Mr. Round is observable, if we examine the votes of the Doctors and Bachelors in Divinity ; degrees the lower of which implies at least middle age, while the higher iS seldom taken except in advanced life. Forty-one Doctors , of Divinity voted in favour of Mr. Round, while only , twenty-five supported his antagonist ; seventy-seven Ba chelors of Divinity are found on the side of the former, on the side of the latter but fifty-five. The proportion is in the one case rather more than eight to ; five, in the other exactly seven to five, in favour of Round." A FASHIONABLE BOARDING SCHOOL.—I hadn't been long at Turnham Green, before I found out that Mrs. Thimblebee's was no ordinary establishment. It was the boast of both ladies that no vulgar-tradesmen's daughter had ever polluted the exquisitely refined atmosphere of " Chesterfield House,"—even though they had several advantageous offers upon the "-mutual advantage " syq tern. Indeed, they referred with great pride to their heroic refusal to allow the eldest girl of a highly fashion-. able butcher at the west end to mingle In their select circle, notwithstanding her fond parent had generousl consented to estimate the blessings and graces of Free and Italian, music and dancing, and Berlin-wool work, at several hundred pounds—of beef and mutton Per quarter. No ! the Misses Thimblebee were in no will' anxious to devote their energies to, the rearing of plebeian " mushrooms," tho no thing on earth would have given them greater pleasure than to have bestowed their talent; upon the training of budding ducal " strawberry leaves. At Chesterfield House, young ladies rehearsed the part they were intended to act at Almack's. There the rough block of the child of nature received its finishing touchell and was converted into the highly polished statue e 4 fashionable society—fit for an ornament for any drawing room. There the grave of departed nature was adorne' with all kinds of artificial flowers ; and there, woml lo l tutored in all the facinations of the ball-room—was taugh t to shine at night like the glow- worm; i n or d er to attrset her mate by the display of a brilliance that had no. Warnit it in it.—aino to Get Married. hencei Deni. Wes F wite Ai s A N ew /44 ttiot Gre co rreci i rpf a ek ( t his orn l'rjed,„ -a ttail 7 c earl j, 4l Pha, Es say 2 , l ane p il d Olt a Ins Va 4 ° Bl / 1 0 ginPollo e& illla] 1,11 ,) sh ro t Nst-~ B °Uth u " bl „ of 'N . the ca RRiv wU n its Puerto C S AIL ZOr El ate es -41.---111.11a] k ar or ket n ett telh o i ti li ß rc tterdal ock hit chi Ch u r clot tgir b etr e amenttbaritione A 4 1( 81j1 tie Yvi 1.4411! Pille :41: — Gaz 4 11(1 - 0 i LE Qt. pi tob t • l a, ier - a , II Zi t ' Sawa Nek 4 111 e, Al Tr ae r aut, h e Y, 1)4 1V e, ". e Y , F-ca& l e ariet .I*.deri( I..riacesl plat, ‘rls lb? ..a B et _ ard wAct7,7 45 Pe, art v et,. Rot tr eom, ; th 4: 74 ta, fo ‘tr ab B , .on, orpti, Oct, poi j k ' lath h "et `ne, lat k.1 1 "))4:4, as •, 4th i "e bne e41 1 ,` f 4tb or t ~i~, S ~`? wai:C and, and Data Ne unE 'em* Ap from hrid. 181an', Gar .ue de The ,fia‘; e.ph toraci k ' Ben Sat, fi (\ YE] sfttrn P 10th A the treal: Cori Septet)