The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-04-19 00:00:00

DIIILLIPS 14- GOODS and HOLME have great pleasure in samit i splendid variety of WOOLLEN and FANCY adapted to the present Season, all of which V% 11 be Lt the times price. LIVERPOOL CLOTH ESTABLISHMEN 09, LORD-STREET. JOSEPH HINDMARSH, lILOR AND DRAPER, RLTON-STREET, inform his numerous Friends and the Public, has just returned from LONDON with a choice )f GOODS, suitable for S•UMMEIt CLOTH ,e NEWEST Fabrics and most FASHIONABLE ch he feels assured will, upon inspection, give 121i.laIes this opportunity of returning his grateful ac nents to those kind Friends from whom he has uch liberal support since his commencement in them no effort shall he wanting on f their favours. d he assu THE ONLY ESTABLISHMENT IN LIVERPOOL SOLELY FOR FURNISHING. ADELPHI HOUSE, 21, BOLD-STREET. CARPET, DOR CLOTH, MOREEN, DAMASK, FURNITURE CHINTZ BLANKET, AND QUILT WAREHOUSE. Window Mullins in great variety. FRINGE, GIMP, LACE, - AND TRIMMING MANUFACTORY. GEORGE WOODS, Proprietor. We S CREWS, JOINER, 8, SALTHOUSE.LANE. p Fronts fitted up with or without Plate Glass of every description. iup or Repaired. Passenger Ships fitted up FRANCE, GRAVER, COPPER-PLATE, LETTER-PRESS, AND LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTER, No. 71, LORD-STREET, R EGS respectfully to inform his Friends and the Public erally, that he has Opened the above Establishment, t purpose of executing all orders connected with the ' n the first style of the Art. Crests, and Cyphers engraved on Stone, f Arms Door and V m Plates made and engraved. k Respectable YOUTH Wanted as an APPRENTJCE iVo. 71, Lord-street. CHOICE SELECTION OF BRUSSELS CARPETS AT 111. ELLIS'S WHOLESALE Sr RETAIL CARPET WAREHOUSE, )F BOLD-STREET. to inform the Nobility, Clergy, Gentry, s of this and the adjoining Counties, that ements with several of the most eminent irers to receive a constant Supply of all their New tered PATTERNS in BRUSSELS CARPETS, Material, which, for Quality and Ele annot be surpassed by any House in the His present Stock is now replete with all the Newest of the season, which are open for inspection THIS DAY ; also, a large Assortment of STAIR CARPETS, DItUGG ET S, and well-seasoned London FLOOR CLOTHS 1/T NI ELLIS b • and Fan . E. cannot allow the present opportunity to pass without ruing his sincere thanks for the support he has received opening his new Establishment, in Bold-street. .B.—A. few PATTERNS still remain of last Year's k, which will be Sold at the REDUCED PRICE. E WIDOW and EXECUTORS of the late Mr. STEPHEN WELCH, BAKER, FLOUR and PROVI DEALER, Myrtle-street, Bedford-street, having given Mr. WILLIAM JACKSON, late As o return thanks for past favours ; ;hilt to Mr. Wel same time, respectfully beg leave:to introduce JACKSON to the Friends and Customers of the deceased a continuance of their favours, being assured that the aess will have every attention as hitherto. WM. JACKSON very respectfully to solicit a continuance of the with which his late much respected Employer, E Lex, was so liberally supported ; and hopes, by industry and attention to the business, to merit the favour )f the Public, and confirm the good opinion which the Shop has hitherto earned in the town and neighbourhood. 18, Myrtle-street, Bedford-street, 18th April, 1842. MESSRS. JOHN BROADWOOD & SONS' NEWLY INVENTED EXTRA SIZE, SIX-AND-A-HALF OCTAVE, PATENT GRAND SQUARE PIANO FORTES, with GRAND PIANO-FORTE ACTION. ,fESSRS. HIME and SON respectfully inform the No -11. bility, Gentry, and others, that they have added the splendid Instruments to their already immense Stock, ch they respectfully invite the attention of the public. lave constantly on hand an extensive assortment of Semi-Grand, Bichorda-Grand, Square, Grand-Square, ;t, Grand-Cabinet, French-fronted Cottage, Piccolo, Forte-Pianette, and Microchordon PIANO-FORTES, by JOHN BROADWOOD AND SONS, COLLARD AND COLLARD, TOMKISON, and other London Makers. N.B.—A great variety of Second-hand Piano-Fortes on —Piano-Fortes let out on hire, taken in exchange, I, repaired, &c.—New Music received from London HIME AND SON, 57, CHURCH-STREET WATCHES GOLD LEVER, for GENTLEMEN, with hard Enamel led Dials, Seconds, Capped, and Jewelled in two holes, id five Actions, maintaining power during winding. nproved Detached Lever Escapement, and Double uned Cases 12 0 13 10 DITTO, largest size, with extra strong Cases LADIES' GOLD LEVER, with Gold Dial, Capped, and Jewelled in two holes, and five Actions, main taining power during winding, Improved Detached — scapement, and Double Bottomed Cases.. Lever t DITTO PA" ENT LEVER SILVER WATCHES .... DITTO DITTO HUNTING TER VERGE WATCHES, Double Bottomed, 11 10 12 10 5 0 5 10 )pen with a Spring EVA WATCHES, of first-rate Workmanship, in every . , , at proportionate prices, ALL WARRANTED. id HAUSBURG having made very Exten ments for the Manufacture of the above Watches, to submit them at such unprecedentedly low PROMOLI Every kind of Watches made to order. Merchants and the Trade supplied on the most advantageous Terms. LADIES' COLOURED GOLD NECK CHAINS. MATTED BELCHER PATTERN, with Ornamental or Hand Snap, weighing 3 Sovereigns £.3 15 4 Do. 5 Do. 6 Do. STARRED BELCHER PATTERN, with Ornamental or Hand Snap, weighing 3 Sovereigns £4 5 4 Do. 5 Do. 6 Do. 7 5 BRIGHT GOLD CURB CHAINS .... 335. to £7 10s. SILVER CURB DITTO .... 10s. 6d. to 1 10s. Together with a splendid Assortment of FANCY CHAINS, amounting to several Thousand Pounds. PROMOLI and HAUSBURG, MR COCKLE OLD POST-OFFICE BUILDINGS f Grafton Duke of Manchester 'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, TRONISED BY THE Duke of Bedford Duke of Argyll Duke of Beaufort Duke of Rutland Duke of Marlborough Duke of Buccleuch if Sutherland is of Lansdov )f Normanby Marquis of Ailesbury Marquis of Wincheste rquis of Abercorn f Carnarvon , f Kinnoul Earl of Mor Earl of Oxford Earl of Thanet Earl Amherst Ea . 1.1 of Leice Bishop of Gloucester Bishop of Chichester Bishop of Worcester Bishop of Hereford Bishop of St. Asaph Bishop of Bangor Bishop of Llandaff Bishop of Calcutta Rt. Hon. J. A. Murray, Lord Advocate of Scotland Rt. Hon. R. C. Fergusson, M.P., Judge Advocate Gen. Hon . Sir Edward Cust,K.C.H Hon. Colonel Anson, M.P. Hon. Fox Maule, M.P. Admiral Sir D. Gould,G.C.B. Sir Henry Wheatley, G.C.H. Sir J. Macdonald, K.C.8., Adjutant-General Sir Thomas Dyer, Bart. Sir Francis Burdett, Bt. , M.P. Sir Gerard Noel, Bart., M.P. Sir Robert Grant, Bart. Sir Henry Blake, Bart. Sir Samuel Fludyer, Bart. Sir Robert Buxton, Bart. Sir John Forbes, Bart. Sir Andrew Agnew, Bart. Sir Philip B. V. Broke,K.C.B. Sir John Tyrrell, Bart. Sir Henry Smyth, Bart.,M.P. Sir Matthew Wood, Bart., M.P. lo!rington Viscount Acheson Viscount Alford Lord Arundel Lord Hill Lord Plunket Lord Murray Lord Kinnaird Lord Bentinck Sir John Beauvoir, Bart. Sir Thomas B. Mash Sir Thomas Wilde, M.P., Solicitor-General Sir Frederick Pollock, M.P. J. Wildman, Esq., Chilham Castle Colonel Tynte, M.P. Colonel Sibthorp, M.P. Colonel Delap, Stoke Park, liddleton 1 : Gordon by d'Eresby Lord Fr! Lord I Lord Lord ;13 of Arma a of Durham lai'th';nd Wells And numerous Families Ir. COCKLE, SURGE NINTION of h which that ge Surrey Colonel Bence, Thorington Hall Colonel Cowell Captain Pechell, M.P. Matt hiasAttwood,Esq..M.P• Alderman Thompson, M.P. Charles Walker, Esq., M.P. Mr. SergeantTalfour, M.P. Mr. Sergeant Ludlow Ven. Archdeacon of Col chester Vn.Archdeacon of St.Alban's gh Rev. Dr. French, Cambridge Rev. Dr. Benson Rev. Dr. Birch Rev. Dr. Marsh Robert Renwick, Esq., M.D . C. Waddy, Esq., late M.P., Dublin John Hatchell, Esq., Dublin of the highest Respectability. oN, has much pleasurepl r l i a l y y iri s g MR. ABERN tibilious Pills, him in public, to him in the year extracted from a an addressed ordered the use of your Antibilious Pills in affec "ornach, attended with considerable derangement of that important organ, and connected with t‘e liver and bowels, (for to this cause, •ted the various diseases of the body, and I have thus had frequent atnessing their beneficial effects. They the secretion of bile, and act with certainty .ost effectual manner on the alimentary organs, Aiasioning pain or irritation. I consider them a .;11ent family aperient medicine, which may be taken .ies with perfect safety." are prepared by James COCKLE, Surgeon Extraor to Her Serene Highness the late LANDGRAVINE of HOMBURG, and may be had of all respectable Medi boxes, at ls. lid.. 25., 9d., and 4s. 6d. NOTICE. .iserved, that those Pills only are ge . which have the name " JAMES COCKLE, APOTHE !ty," in white letters, engraved on the Government Stamp. This mark of authenticity will protect the Public against any dangerous and deleterious imitation. 18, New Ormond-street, Bedford-row, London. I in the r rational it , be specially o' THEATRE-ROYAL, LIVERPOOL Under the Management of Messrs. J. H. ANDERSON and W. J. KA.MMOND. THIS present TUESDAY, April 19th, 1842, A NEW WAY TO PAY OLD DEBTS. To conclude with THE WRECK ASHORE. Shakspeare's MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM will be repeated on WEDNESDAY; with OTHELLO TRA.- VESTIE. First Price.—Lower Boxes, 4s. ; Upper Boxes, 3s. Gd. Pit, 2s. 6d. ; Gallery, ls. Second Price.—Lower Boxes, 2s. Gd. ; Upper Boxes, 2s, ; Pit, ls. 6d. ; Gallery, Gd. AMERICAN CIRCUS. ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE, GT. CHARLOTTE-ST. LAST WEEK OF THE SEASON. ltqf The Public are respectfully informed, that in conse quence of applications from many highly respectable Fa milies in the Neighbourhood, the Proprietors intend to give, on To -MORROW, (Wednesday,) the 20th instant, a MORNING PERFRMANCE, to take place at Twelve o'Clock. THIS present TUESDAY EVENING, the 1 8 th instant, the Performance to commence with a Grand EASTERN SPECTACLE. Old Joe Sweeney, the Negro Banjo Player, will appear— Master G. Buckley will go through his Pleasing Act on a Single Horse.—Feats on the Elastique Board, by the Troop. —Mr. Buckley. will ride and Act a Scene, entitled the Sea, the Sea, the Open Sea.—Mr. Derious will introduce the wonderful Magic Peruvian Pole.—Mr. Decamp and the Domesticated Indian Pony will appear.—Mr. R. Sands will introduce the Games of Zephyrus and Cupid; or Love a mong the Roses.—Corde Floxo, by Master Smith.—Master Rivea-will introduce his St. Swithen's Chair.—Mr. Sands, on One, Two, Three, and Four Horses, as the Colossus of Rhodes.—Sculptor's Vision, by Master Rivea.—Mr. Dale in his Flights of Fancy.—The Two Rival Darkies, Mr. Sweeney and Mr. Vanbramer, will go through their much admired Performance. ... To conclude with the Amusements of EL, AL, ORM, ..... 2s. I Pit ls. I Gallery 6d Boxes MR. TEMPLETON, from the Theatres-Royal, Drury lane and Covent-garden, begs to announce that he will give a CONCERT of Vocal and Instrumental Music, in the TEMPLARS'-HALL, Liverpool, on FRIDAY Evening next, the 22d instant, for which occasion he has secured the valu able services of the celebrated MISS DELCY, from the Theatre-Royal, Drury-lane, with the admired Pianiste, Mrs. ST. ALBlN.—Director, Mr. ROPHINO LACY. PROGRAMME.—PART I. Introduction—lnstrumental. Duet—" Scendi nel piccol legno," Miss. Delcy and Mr „ . . Templeton Song—" My Sister dear," Mr. Templeton Auber Ballad—" Thou hast stolen my heart away," Miss Delcy.. - . Lindpaintner. Scena—" Dear maid, while thou art - ) Mr. Templeton, sleeping," I with Violin Recitative—" The rays which }- Obligato by Balfe. fill," J Mr. H. F. Al- Aria—" Dear maid," dridge, jun. (As originally sung by him in the Opera of " Joan of Arc.") Quartett Italian Duet—" Cedi al destin, Medea," Mr. Templeton and Miss Delcy Grand Fantasia, Piano-Forte,—from " Don Giovanni"— Mrs. St. Albin Celebrated Finale from " Cinderella "—" Now with grief," Miss Delcy .Rossini. PART II Quartett Overture Duet—" When thy bosom," Mr. Templeton and Miss Delcy Braham. Song—" My Nannie, 0," Mr. Templeton Scotch. Scena—Recitative—" Not in vain the soft voice," Miss Delcy.. Auber. Air—" Cupid, my call obey," Rondo—" Ah, evermore to me," Ballad—" My tocher's the jewel," Mr. Templeton Scotch. Notturno—Mrs. St. Albin Dohler. Ballad—(by desire)—" Last May a braw wooer," Miss Delcy Scotch. Ballad—" There lives a young lassie," Mr. Templeton.... De Pinna afford that supply for the same amount of money as the foreigner can. He no more requires a redundant supply of food for his sentient machine than of oil for his iron machine. lie seeks the saving of the cost of production, and that alone. Did this fact need any proof we could refer for that proof to the columns of the Manchester Guardian himself. Our contemporary informed us, no long time ago, that, to enable the British to compete with the French calico-printer, the 18s. a-week paid to the for mer must be reduced to the 12s. a-week paid to the It was distinctly admitted by our contemporary that the price of labour must be equalised, to enable us to compete successfully with the foreign calico printer. Will he now deny this, we ask ? Will he, or any man, have the hardihood to go upon the Manches ter Exchange and maintain that such a result is not sought for ; that reduction of the price of labour is not universally acknowledged as the thing above all others which is anticipated from a reduction in the cost of maintaining the flesh and blood machine which toils in the factories of the league millocracy ? Oh no ! Such rank hypocrisy may he swallowed with their tea and cake, by a muster of free-trade ladies in Liverpool or elsewhere, but the very stones of a manufacturing town would rise to cry " out upon it !" Our contemporary, however, is outraged by our al- lusion to the reduction of wages,—at present going on in the manufacturing districts, whilst the price of food is being reduced by Sir Robert Peel's tariff,—as a proof of the intention of the league millocracy to appropriate to themselves the saving in the cost of food to the work ing man. "'Those reductions," he says, " commenced, and were carried to a very considerable extent, months before Sir Robert Peel's tariff was published." Com menced, we dare say they were. Can any one tell us when reduction in manufacturing wages did commence, or when they ceased even for a time ? Did they com mence in that year of manufacturing prosperity and cheap corn, 1835, when Mr. Henry Ashworth, of Bol ton, advised the commencement of the migration sys tem to check the exorbitant demands of the handloom weavers, who were luxuriating upon 23d. per day per head ? We defy the Manchester Guardian to tell us when manufacturing wages have not been progressively declining, or when they will cease to decline ; but we can tell him wizen the present widely spread reduction commenced. That step was the last effort of the league to coerce the working classes of Lancashire into a frenzied agitation for cheap bread and a belief of the immaculate purity of their large professions. It would have been commenced months before but for the selfish fear that it would have opened the eyes of the few amongst the working classes who were duped by those professions ! Is this true, we ask the working classes of Manchester, or is it not ? We will be judged by their reply. But " what (arks the Guardian) could the manufac turer do" ur.der his existing difficulties ? He had no alternative, our contemporary urges, except "to stop his works or to reduce wages to such an extent as to meet the market for his goods." But grant that it was difficult to stop his works, could the manufactu rer, even in the event of his having succeeded in the whole of his free-trade requirements, " meet the mar ket" without such a reduction of wages ? If the mar ket, which was to be met, was the foreign market, then, unquestionably, he could not; and if it was the home market which was to be increased, we rather imagine that the ruin of the agriculturist is not the very best mode of effecting such a consummation. In strict fact then—aud we defy contradiction upon this point !—the entire manufacturing interest of Great Britain at the present moment, irrespective of party, must and do look forward to a progressive decline in the remuneration of labour, under any possible policy which may be adopted by the legislature ! The pro gressive improvement of manufacturing machinery; the progressive substitution of infant and female for male adult labour ; the growth of foreign competition— all contribute to bring about this result; and it is only fraudulent jugglery, besotted ignorance, or reckless and shameless hardihood which can attempt to blind the world to what is, under any circumstances. inevitable ! In the conclusion of the spiteful and slanderous ar ticle which has called from us the above remarks, the Guardian exclaims— " so much for this new tory calumny upon the manufac turers of this neighbourhood. It was not perhaps worth much of itself; but it always is worth while to let the ma nufacturers know with what relentless hate they are pursued by the low and bitter dregs of the tory party. When levelled against them, no falsehood is too monstrous,—no insinuation too base,—no reviling too coarse and scurrilous, for the people who advocate toryism and monopoly, in nine out of ten of the journals that call themselves conservative, and from whose writings the real spirit and feeling of the party may be best gathered. " The manufacturers will do well to bear these facts in mind, and consider a little what they may portend." To senseless railing like this we can offer no reply except by submitting it here for the laughter and con tempt of our readers. We can readily afford to pass by the drivelling absurdities of more respectable' and consistent journalists than the editors of the Manchester Guardian. We have pleasure in directing the attention of our readers to the lecture delivered by the Rev. Hugh Stowell, on Friday evening, and to the proceedings of the Church Pastoral Aid Society yesterday, both of which will be found fully reported in our columns. With respect to the former some explanation may per haps be due to our readers, and to those reverend gen tlemen who have preceded Mr. Stowell in the delivery of this course of lectures, for the space which we have afforded to it in our columns. The late pressure of assize and other intelligence has compelled us to cut down into what, we fear, will have been considered very meagre sketches the able lectures of the reverend gentlemen in question. That pressure, however, is now removed ; and to the remainder of the course we hope to be able to do greater justice. We have been induced, however, to make a little extra concession of our space in favour of the present lecture, not only in consideration of a request to that effect from the numerous assembly before whom it was delivered, but because an intimation had been, above a week ago, conveyed to us that a copious report in the columns of the STANDARD would be gratifying to the friends of Mr. Stowell, in Manchester and Salford. In this locality, the scene of his valuable labours, the press is either too much occupied with the bitterness of the League agitation, or too deeply embued with the spirit of Tractarianism, to afford to any advocate of our Protestant faith more than a passing notice; and we have, therefore, sincere gratification in being en abled, on the present occasion, to present to the nu merous admirers of the rev. gentleman an opportunity of appreciating the value of his exertions in the good Finale, Instrumental Doors to be opened at Seven, and the Concert to com mence at Eight o'clock. Tickets, ss. each ; or a Family Ticket to admit Three, 12s. Tickets to be had of HIME and SON, Church-street, and of the principal Music-sellers. THE COLUMBIA STEAMER. This vessel had not been heard of when our first edition went to press. Ti/ e have a messenger on the pier, and shall have the first intimation of her arrival. EIJI' atinrpool Alanbarb. TUESDAY MORNING, APRIL 19, 1842 In an article in his last publication, entitled " Dear Food and Low Wages," the Manchester Guardian has taken upon himself to read us a lecture with respect to the tone of our remarks on Friday, upon the sub ject of the recent reduction of wages by the league millocracy. Ihe remarks in question, our contempo rary designates as " one of those scurrilous and offen sive articles which are the disgrace of the Tory press of the present day." " The statements made or im plied" by us " that the reductions of wages taking place" in the manufacturing districts " are consequent upon or have any connection with the tariff proposed by Sir Robert Peel," or are confined to the " league millocracy," are, in the gentlemanly language of the Guardian, "gross and impudent falsehoods "; and our polite contemporary only notices them in order "to let the manufacturers know with what relentless hate they are pursued by the low and bitter dregs of the Tory party "—ourselves, of course, included—and how infinitely thankful they ought to be for the thick and-thin advocacy which he is ever ready to afford them. We shall certainly not he driven from the pursuit of truth or from the expression of our honest convictions by the hypercritical sensitiveness of the Manchester Guardian. We care little for his strictures upon our manner or our language, which we are in the habit of adapting as closely as we can to the description of sub ject which we have in hand. Upon the occasion which has moved our contemporary's spleen, we felt our selves called upon to disabuse the minds of our read ers, with respect to the reality of those professions of sympathising regard for the welfare of the working classes, which have been vaunted so loudly by the agi tators of the anti-corn-law party. The cry of " cheap bread," accompanied as it has been with the attempt to impress upon the world that its benefits were to be un attended by a reduction in the price of labour, we de signated as a fraud upon the working man. We were prepared to prove that it is, on the part of the mill owner and manufacturer, all this and more; and, how ever much it may offend the sensitive ears of our po lite contemporary, we can see no reason why we should adopt any mincing, honied style of condemnation, when speaking of a party whose agitators and itinerant spouters, and whose press, have certainly not been so very select in their choice of terms, when speaking of their political opponents, as to deserve any great mea sure of forbearance at their or our hands. Passing over, however, this as a mere question of taste or propriety, let us see whether we are, or are not, warranted in maintaining that the agitation of the Anti-Corn-Law League, for a reduction in the price of food, was undertaken with a perfect understanding that with such reduction must come a corresponding reduc tion in the price of labour. We restrict ourselves for the present to the manufacturing districts. We were dis tinctly told, indeed, in the House of Commons, by Mr. Milner Gibson, that the millowners and manufacturers of Manchester "contemplated no saving of wages as the result of, or as attendant upon, the repeal of the exist ing protection upon provisions." Mr. John Brooks took upon himself to rebuke the Rev. Hugh WlNeile for having maintained that the contrary was the fact : that the manufacturing millocracy did contemplate a reduction of wages. We have ever maintained that such was their expectation ; and we think it will not be denied that if, with this result of a free trade in corn in their view, the agitators of the league held out to their working population that the cheap loaf for which they clamoured was for the benefit of that work ing population and not for their own, they were guilty of a manifest fraud; and the cry of "cheap bread for the working man" was "a juggle—a lying pretence — a disgraceful and hypocritical swindle " ! We will not for the present, although we are quite prepared to deal with the fallacy which it contains, be led aside by the theory of the Guardian, that the wages of the labourer invariably decline as the price of food advances. The question before us is simply,—did the manufacturer contemplate a contrary result ? Did he contemplate a reduction r consequence t o o f u a t c r r e y d o u f c t theioofn a i n g w i t a t the e o s c r s o a s o s t f o t tif'heseui nb league s si e s p t aernahcbeal s e ? been that we could not produce so cheap as the foreign manufacturer. We could not co mpe t e w i t h the untaxe d labour of other countries. Now what is the plain, common-sense meaning of this? Why, that we can the amou n t o f not get our goods manufactured for wa ges which the foreign manufacturer pays. An Eng lish s pinner, weaver, or calico-printer cannot live on the same wages which sustain the foreigner of the same class. The human machine requires, in all countries, a certain quantity of food, as the iron machine requires grease or oil. The manufacturer must supply that food or that oil ; and the British manufacturer urges that he cannot compete with the foreigner unless he can We cannot, whilst offering this explanation, pass by without comment one circumstance connected with the lecture of Friday, which we noticed with some regret. With the exception of the Rev. Dr.Tattershall, not one of the clergy of our own town was present on Friday evening ; and Mr. Stowell, a stranger amongst us, was himself compelled to open the meeting. This, although, we have no doubt, unintentional, was scarcely consi derate and courteous towards that reverend gentleman; and we should be sorry to see a similar circumstance occur on future occasions. cause, STATE OF TRADE, MANUFACTURES, &c If appearances and the feeling existing in our mercantile circles may be trusted to, we are at length about to emerge from the extreme depression which for the last few months has hung over us. The market for our leading staple (cot ton) has, during the past week, been of a more than usually lively character, and, up to Friday, 39,030 bales were sold, a considerable portion into speculators' hands. Prices have not materially moved ; but some additional tightness is shown on the part of holders. On Saturday the disposition to purchase largely conti nued, and from 7to 8000 bales changed hands. Yester day we had also a general and good demand from the trade, and from speculators, which was somewhat checked by the advance of price asked by sellers. About 6000 bales, however, were sold at an advance of 0. to id. per lb. We think we may, with some confidence, conclude from these manifestations that the price of this raw material has seen its lowest point. A similar opinion appears to prevail in the Manchester market with respect to manufactured goods. This mar ket, however, betrays such various fluctuations that we really dare not calculate upon it with any certainty. Two girls, aged 18 and 20, are at custody at Leicester , char ge d w i t h t h e w ilf u l mur d er of an elderly woman named Waring, who lodged with the parents of one of them, by putting arsenic into the tea-kettle. STATISTICS OF VAUXHALL WARD Our liberal contemporaries are in extasies of delight with a pamphlet just published, under this title, by the Anti monopoly Society of Liverpool, professing to show, in vari ous statistical tables, the actual condition of more than five thousand families within the ward. The enquiries by which the necessary data have been ascertained are said to have been made by a number of tradesmen who have visited personally the dwellings of every family ; and the whole has been compiled by Mr. John Finch, jun., of Social ist celebrity. and is ushered into the world along with a dedi catory address, from that eminent individual, to Thomas Thornley, Esq., M.P. for Wolverhampton. We have no wish to impeach the correctness of the tables themselves, which constitute the only valuable portion of this publication; but we must guard our readers and the public who are unacquainted with the localities of our town against the supposition that VAUXHALL WARD, which the society have chosen upon which to exercise their statistical labours, affords a fair average of the condition of the people of Liver pool, or even of the condition of the labouring classes of the town. Mr. Finch informs us, that " from the large number of superior mechanics living in the ward, it is probable the average condition shown there is superior to what a general average might be found to be for the whole borough." But he forgets to inform us, that whilst it does comprise amongst its inhabitants a number of respectable mechanics, it con tains, as well, the most dissolute, depraved, and wretched portion of our population. Vauxhall Ward may be deemed, in fact, the St. Giles's of Liverpool ; and comprises within itself, any day in the year, more vice, misery, and destitution than all the other wards of the borough could furnish if put together So far as they relate, however, to the classes of our popu lation, whose habits and condition they describe, these tables, if prepared accurately—(and we have no reason to doubt the fact, although, if they had been unaccompanied with the party views with which the anti-monopoly people have interlarded them, they would have been infinitely less liable to suspi cion)—are documents which might be turned to valuable and important uses. It is painful to contemplate the mass of moral and yhysical evil which they develope, as existing in the midst of a community such as this ; it is certain that, al -1 though perhaps a little exaggerated, something nearly ap proaching to the state of things here exhibited does exist; and it is, indeed, time that it should receive the serious considera tion of our local and national legislatures, and, if possible, that remedial measures should be devised for its removal. The bulk of the population of the ward, which is shewn to be thus plunged in degradation and penury, consists of strangers from various portions of the United Kingdom. Of 4,977 families visited, 3,651 are of this class. 2,243, or nearly half, are Irish ! Amongst this portion may be found almost the whole of the suffering noticed, and of the vice by which it is accompanied ; and it might well become an object of se rious consideration by what means the condition of this cfass, which exists in every large town throughout the empire,—a nucleus for crime—a fertile source of want and wretchedness, and from amongst which our prisons, our workhouses, and our infirmaries are filled to overflowing,—can be alleviated. It is idle to take such spectacles as here present themselves as arguments in favour of this or that political theory. It is folly to lay to the operation of the corn and provision laws their present existence. The great bulk of the individuals who constitute them are mere squatters upon the skirts of civilization and comfort; and we are perfectly satisfied that, unaided by other measures, the direct effect of the adoption of the free trade measures contended for by Mr. Finch and his fellow-anti-monopolists, would be to increase the numbers, and the consequent wretchedness of the class in question. On some future occasion we shall probably make use of a portion of the details here furnished, to aid us in an inquiry into the real source of the evil, and the course to be pursued for its mitigation,—which we much fear, however, is too deeply seated to be reached by any mere legislative effort. For this purpose, however, the inquiry of Mr. Finch has not gone so far as it might, with great usefulness, have been carried, and as it would have been, had the truth and the whole truth, irrespective of the strength to be imparted by it to a party outcry, been the object before him. We knew that this mass of wretchedness existed amongst us although we have not before been furnished with its details ; but how came it there? How has it grown there ? These are questions upon which we are left perfectly in the dark by our statistical in quirers. What are the habits—the degree of education- religion of those whose condition presents so lamentable a contrast to that which ought to exist in the midst of an industrious, moral, and intelligent community ? Such questions ought surely to have entered into the consideration of persons instituting an enquiry, like this, whose result is now before us ; yet they are precisely those upon which we can expect no satisfaction from Mr. John Finch. So far, however, as they go we must give the society and Mr. Finch credit for the pains which appears to have been taken, and the lucid arrangement which bas been pursued in getting up these tables ; but we cannot give them equal credit for the ability of the documentary and argumentative matter of a political nature with which they are aceompanied. More inconsequential trash than the remarks of John Finch him self we never met with, unless it be contained in the preface of Mr. Charles Edward Rawlins, jun., or in the letters ap pended to the pamphlet from the various gentlemen who have assisted in the enquiry. It would be a waste of time to attempt dissecting such rubbish ; and we, therefore, heartily make a present of it to our Radical and Whig contemporaries. LOCAL NEWS. Lord Sandon and a deputation from the Chamber of Com merce at Plymouth on the subject of " grinding foreign corn in bond" had an interview with Sir R. Peel on Friday. Mr. LENTON'S PicrußEs.—We recommend an early visit to the collection of this clever artist's pictures, now exhi biting in the Postoffice-rooms. It is the most interesting series the public have had an opportunity of inspecting fo some time. Miss ADELAIDE KEMBLE.—We hear that Bellini's fa vorite opera `' Norma" will be produced in Dublin, in the course of the next month, with unusual attractions, when the justly celebrated vocalists, Miss Adelaide Kemble and Miss Rainforth, will perform in this and other operas. The con ductor will be Mr. J. L. Hatton, who has gained a high re putation in the metropolis as a pianiste and composer. We understand that they have engagements at Birmingham and Manchester. MR. PoP.icr AGAlN.—Popjoy was noticing a man pre paring his material to paint a table. The wag observed that it put him in mind of a little fat porker ready for roasting. On being asked why, he said that it was a pig ment to put on a board. TEMPLETON!S CONCEILT.-It will be seen, that in conse quence of the success attendant upon Mr. Templeton's con cert on Wednesday last, that he intends giving another on Friday next. Our Scotch friends will notice in the programme that " mony a bonny sang" will be given by this accom plished vocalist ; a very great treat may therefore be expected.—The concert at Birkenhead will take place in the Albion Hotel. STEALING A WATCH.—Ann Bennett, a girl of the town, was yesterday charged at the Police-court with stealing a watch from the person of Owen M`Malion, who pursued her and detained her in Albion-street. She was committed for trial. STEALING PICTURES.—TWO boys, William M`Neill and James Turner, were yesterday brought before Mr. Rushton on a charge of stealing two framed pictures in a public house. They called for some ale, and one of them went out, taking one of the pictures. The other was seen in the act of taking down the other picture from the wall. They were each com mitted to gaol for two months. -- THEFT FROM A TILL.---A. boy, named George Bradley, was yesterday charged, at the Police-court, with an attempt to steal a quantity of copper money from the counting-house of a lime-burner in Toxteth-park. He was seen by the clerk, dropped the money back into the drawer, and was afterwards found concealed behind a water-cask, under a stair on the premises. He was committed for trial. The Rev. Hugh M`Neile leaves this morning for Paris, where he will remain until the 10th May. He will after wards spend a few days at Jersey. The rev. gentleman will preach in Paris on Sunday next. We are sure we only speak the sentiments of all our fellow townsmen, in fervently praying that the change of scene, and salubrity of climate, may be the means of restoring the spirits of himself, his lady, and family. THEFT FROM A VESSEL.—A lumper named Patrick King, who was employed in discharging a vessel, was yesterday charged before Mr. Rushton with having taken 22 lbs. weight of horse hair, part of the cargo, which was found upon him by a police-officer. He said it was only the re mains of the cargo, and he thought there was no harm in taking it. Mr. Rushton said the practice must be put down, and committed him for three months A LARGE MANUFACTURING TOWN RUINED BY A RAIL WAY, AND BY THE PARLIAMENTARY AND MUNICIPAL FRANCHISE I !—The borough of Stockport, above all other manufacturing places, is at this moment steeped in poverty and widely -,spread and almost universal distress; and again and again we have been told that the cause of all this is—the corn laws ! How stand the facts ? Within the last two years that borough has been connected with Manchester by the Manchester and Birmingham Railway ; and, as the re sult, a correspondent of the Stockport Advertiser states, on the authority of a circular issued by the drapers of Man chester, that since the opening of the railway it has become general for the inhabitants of Stockport to make their chief purchases in Manchester." In fact, this town, containing 90,000 inhabitants, has now become a mere suburb of Man chester; and its shopocracy is at present on the brink of despair. In addition to the operation of this cause, how ever, the feuds and bitterness created by the borough and municipal elections have given rise to a system of exclusive dealing, which is severely prejudicing the trade of the bo rough. Parties prefer going to Manchester to make their purchases, to dealing with their political opponents. It is painful to contemplate such results from measures otherwise of such beneficial tendency, as the opening of a railway and the acquisition of the elective franchise. We are afraid, however, that the facts are too true. GARDNER BOGGS AND CO.-011 Friday, at the Court of Bankruptcy, London, the bankrupts appeared to pass their final examination, and, as their accounts were not ob jected to, were declared passed. An abstract of the balance sheet of the joint estate will at once present their position with respect to debts and assets. The debtor side of the sheet shows—sundry creditors at £99,849 6s 3d ; capital in troduced by William Taylor, £7,337 ; capital introduced by William Shand, £5,000 ; making a total of £112,186 6s 3d. The creditor side shows the debts at £31,406 Ils 8d ; the good debts being estimated at £13,515 3s 10d ; the doubtful at .£7329 5s Bd, and the bad at £10,132 12s 9d. By property, £10,132 12s 9d; Bruce, Shand, and Co., £5,466 18s 4d; by ship James Scott, £1,000; by charges, £10,791 8s lid ; by losses including liabilities, &c., £26,992 13s 3 ; drawn out by Gardner Boggs £8,207 is 3d ; drawn out by William Taylor, £3,373 18s sd, drawn out by William Shand, £14,71511s 6d ; making an equivalent total of £112,186 6s 3d. These ac counts include the period from the Ist January, 1840, to the date of the fiat, March, 1842. SIR HOWARD DOUGLAS.—On Thursday there was a Court and an Investiture of the Bath. Sir Howard Douglas was made a Civil Grand Cross of the Bath, and Admirals Sir John Talbot and Sir Henry Digby were made Military Grand Crosses Generals Sir John Wilson and Sir Join: Wood- ford, and Admirals Sir John White, Sir C. Richardson, and. Sir Arthur Farquhar, received the insignia of Knights' Com manders. The making Lieutenant-General Sir H. Douglas a Civil Grand Cross, would seem to cast a reflexion on his military services and character, and is altogether one of those puzzling circumstances that occasionally occur in high places. The only way to account for it at all, is that Sir Howard having been appointed Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, by the conservative influence, and there hav ing been a great outcry against certain acts of his administra tion, the present ministry were determined to give him a dis. tinction which should especially mark the sovereign's appro bation of his civil services. The army must, however, not forget that the Order of the Bath is essentiall military—its title is the " most honourable Military Order" ; and the in troduction of civilians into it is altogether a modern inven tion : the army then should watch with some jealousy the first symptoms of a notion that any superiority can exist in the Civil Grand Cross over the Military Grand Cross; for the selection of a General Officer of the Civil dignity instead of the Military, might be construed into something of the sort if not explained.—Looker-on. [We know not Sir Howard's feelings on the subject, and are therefore not aware whether he has any preference to the military over the civil badge, but his claims to either are undeniable.—E. L. S.] NORTHERN HOSFITAL.—We received at the close of last week the report of this institution for the past year. We gather from it that during the last twelve months 1493 patients have been admitted into the hospital, of which number 1203 have been cured, and only 65 have died. 502 of the patients were labourers, 437 sailors, and the remainder were me chanics, women, and children. The accidents are, as may be presumed, chiefly of the nature of fractures, of which there were 185. and wounds and contusions, of which there were 336. 384 of these occurred in various parts of the town, 108 amongst the shipping, and the rest at the various docks, manufactories, and warehouses, with the exception of 12, which took place at the canals. We are sorry to see that there is a balance against the institution of £143 14s. 6d. But two sermons were preached for the charity in the whole year, and these only realised £ll 6s. Bd. ROBBERY FROM THE PERSON.—A young man of unpre possessing appearance, named Thomas Berry, was yesterday charged with having robbed a decent-looking woman, named Hannah Bennett, in the street. The complainant said, that on Saturday night the prisoner came up to her in Upper Parliament-street, and asked her if she wanted a husband. She told him to go along about his business, and he then, while a man who was with him stood by, threw her down, covered her face, and deliberately rifled her pockets of a shilling, sixpence in copper, two thimbles, a penknife, a to bacco-box, and some keys and shells. She pursued him, and succeeded in giving him into custody in Back Parlia ment-street. The articles were found upon him. The pri soner told a long story, which was evidently a tissue of false hoods, alleging that she had given him the tobacco box, but not accounting for his possession of the other articles. Mr. Rushton said the robbery was a cruel and disgraceful one, and committed him for trial. ALLEGED ROBBERY OF A CONSIDERABLE SUM OF MONEY.—A female named Ann Daley was, yesterday, charged before Mr. Rushton with having robbed a man named Peter Courtney of a sum of £67. - The complainant, a rough-looking man, said, he was a cart owner, and that the prisoner, who had lived with him for twelve years as his housekeeper, had, the previous day, broken open a chest in which the money was placed, and carried it off. Part of the money was found in her pocket when she was apprehended, and part on her person at the Bridewell. A purse containing 50 sovereigns, which had been in the chest, was also re covered from her son. The prisoner did not deny taking the money, but strongly asserted that it was her own property. She said she had been an unfortunate woman when she first knew the prisoner, and that she had given him all the money she got for years in the streets, he having promised to marry her as soon as he could live without working a day's work himself. She added that they had lived together as man and wife for seventeen years, and that they had eight children in that time; but that as he had threatened to turn her out of house and home, and said she was too old for him, and that he was going to marry another, she had taken the money which she considered her own, as she had earned it. The complainant said her statement was totally untrue, and the prisoner was committed for trial at the sessions. ROBBERY FROM A SHOP.—Yesterday, John Marratt, second mate of a ship, and Samuel Johnson Stubbs, a shop keeper, were placed at the bar of the Police-court on a charge of stealing several articles from two different shops. Mr. Benjamin Dickins, foreman to Messrs. Randles & Co., boot and shoe-makers, Castle-street, said that, on Saturday night, about nine o'clock, the prisoners came together to the shop. Marratt requested to be fitted with a pair of shoes, but after trying several pairs, declined to buy any of them. Meantime the prisoner Stubbs remained in the shop at some little distance. Mr. Dickins's suspicions were ex cited when they were about to leave the shop, and, observ ing Stubbs's person to be somewhat bulky, he felt him, and found one pair of shoes, which had been lying on the coun aot e at y d , h u ims n at d rr e or r au t h s te i s rws j a. a s e k tHh e eta; wasaAll o n dw o ee t thdaei to oa p dg a i oa r ,a afterwards but afterwards tt d eo r r wa p aa p rs e dt d os da o yp u . t ; p m re r h . ecnideemdeashlsal.s hatA w sh it a n p e r s s o t a a t t h ed c t a h s a tl t e- h s e tr w ee a t s ; e a m a p d lo i y m e v d ia i g n occasion to leave it for a short time on Saturday evening, to go across the street, he observed the two prisoners enter it, and kept his eye upon them. On going to them, Stubbs re marked to him that they might have robbed the shop in his absence, and he replied that they could not have done so, as he was looking at them. Marratt tried some hats, but made no purchase, and they went away. When Stubbs was after wards apprehended at the shoe shop, he had a new cap on of a peculiar make, similar to a number of caps that were lying on a frame near the door of the hat shop. The witness, however, could not positively swear that it was one of the number. A police-officer said that he could find but one other shop in the town where such caps were sold. Marratt was afterwards taken into custody, and in the house where he lodged, in Queen-street, was found another new cap pre cisely similar, which he had given to Mr. Jones, who kept the house, to take care of for him. The prisoner Stubbs, when taken, had a similar cap on his bead. He said, in his defence, that he was very drunk at the time, and did not take the shoes with an intention to steal them. Marratt said that he was a stranger in the town, and had gone with the other, who said he knew the shops, and could help him to make cheap purchases. He added, that Stubbs had, on their way to the shoe shop, made him a present of the cap which was found at his lodgings. M ANCHESTER AND BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY.--011 Wed nesday the directors and principal engineers made an exper imental trip over the line from Stockport to Crewe, and found every thing perfectly satisfactory, preparatory to the examination of it by C olon e l Pasle y , the goveynment inspector of Railways, which we hear will take place in a few g e r t y h the littlelln e f d r a a y m s . m ‘N a ' n e c i h m a :t e e notrto e c a r r e d w the h e u x t a w e t e a y d f a o r r s t o a p a e d n m v remains now to be done; and it is probable that the opening will take place by or before Chester races. LECTURES ON THE CREED OF POPE PIUS THE FOURTH. The sixth of the course o Pius the Fouith, was delivered in t Music-hall, Bold by the Rev. ' 1, 7G1 4anchester. T.er street, on the evening of Friday last, STOWELL, of Christ Church, Salford, iV was a highly respectable and numerous auditory C. S. MIDDLETON, Esq proceedings were opened by prayer Mr. STOWELL then proceeded to deliver his lecture, wh was on the sixth article of the creed—" I do firmly belieVt that there is a purgatory, and that the souls detained thud!' are helped by the prayers of the faithful; " or, as it stand, in the original Latin—" Constanter teneo purgatorinm esse animasque ibi detentas fidelium suffragiis juvari." The rev gentleman said,—My Christian friends, the subject whicl bespeaks our attention this evening is one which fails verb appropriately immediately after that solemn and sublime les. tival of our own reformed Catholic church, the holy si-asoi of Easter. At that season we justly commemorate the deatl lied to the Choir, nd the and glorious resurrection of the Prince beautiful language of our own church, f Life, who, hi th " by his death de stroyed death, and by his rising to life again restored to us everlasting life,"—who illumined the dark valley and encir cled the gloom of the grave with a rainbow bright wirh pro mise and with hope, —or, in the more appropriate, because inspired, language of the apostle, " who bath abolished death, and brought life and immortality to light through the gos pel." The dark shadows that obscured the world to come he has rolled aside; the thick veil, emblematised by the fill of the temple, rent at the moment he said " It is finished," be has drawn aside; and we can now, with the eye of faith, look at the things which are not seen, and which are eternal. Nevertheless, in the disclosures made by the Prince of Life of the future scene of existence . for immortal men, there is enough to support and satisfy the faith; there is nothing, however, to gratify and excite prurient and presumptive cu riosity. Indeed, it is remarkable that the discoveries of that future world are for the most part general and indefinite, more especially with regard to that solemn interval which interposes between the departure of the spirit from its tene ment of clay and its final consummation and bliss, when it shall be reunited to the body, a glorified body like to Christ's glorified body. Of that solemn interval Scripture says com paratively nothing at all. Indeed it is worthy of observa tion, that throughout the. New Testament the hope and the attention of the believer is not fixed upon death, but fixed upon life,—is not fixed upon putting off his tabernacle, but putting it on,—is not fixed upon the dark twilight, the dim I shadows between his death and his resurrection, but upon the bright rays of that everlasting day, when the Sun of Righteousness shall appear, and when all his people appear with him in the fulness and completeness of nature and of bliss. Hence, however Christians may differ with regard to the precise import of the coming of Christ, the precise period, the precise manner, whether pre-millennial or post-millennial, whether before the final judgment day or after the final judgment day,—all, in so far as they are Script Ural in their vieivs, conform in looking for his coming as the great head of the church, for his coining as the grand Consummation of his people, as that to which all events are hastening, as that which awakens the respon sive echo from the breast of all his believing people, " even so, come, Lord Jesus ; come quickly." The Scriptures, therefore, cast the interval between death and the resurrec tion into shadow ; they, as it were, had the eye of faith across the space, and fasten it upon the bright and blessed.consum .mation beyond it. Our own reformed Catholic church in this as in all her tenets in harmony with the voice of revela tion, respecting the silence not less than the voice of the lively oracles, says little to her children upon the subject of the intermediate state ; yea, she simply swallows it up in this petition,—" that it may please thee shortly to accomplish the number of thine elect, and hasten thy kingdom, that we, with all those that are departing in the faith and fear of thy holy name, may have our perfect consummation and blessiqg. both in body and soul, in thine everlasting glory." But that terra incognita, that unknown land, which the church of England following the teachings of holy Scripture thus presumes not to enter, presumes not to intermeddle with, presumes not to explore, simply teaching her sons to rest satisfied in the blessed assurance that God has taken to himself the soul of our dear departed brother or sister—that terra incognita the church of Rome fixes upon as, her darling spot, her peculiar inheritance, her appropriated territory, where she plants her most powerful machinery in order to wield the conscience and the fears and the hearts of her dupes and her slaves. Now, the church of Rome in occupying this intermediate space between death and the resurrection, with the fiction of purgatory, has discovered, as she has in so many other re spects, the deepest craft of the serpent, alas, how divorced from the harmlessness of the dove ! She has discovered the most complete and the most consummate subtlety in the in vention of the purgatorial system, because, if she merely taught her disciples to believe in the two great final states — heaven for the righteous and hell for the wicked—that no sooner were men passed from the church militant, than they were passed from her power and the power of her priesthood, that she could no longer wield any influence borrowed from their condition,—a decide state, a final and a fixed state itnincdi ately upon death, would not subserve the purposes of Popery to arm the sacerdotal order with a fearful povier, a dreadful power, a dim, mysterious, ambiguous, and therefore tremen dous power ; for Popery loves to dwell in twilight and amid shadows. Such a power could be best derived to the priest hood by means of the intermediate and uncertain state, where there was play for change, scope for the interposition of priestly mediation and priestly operation, and where, con sequently, there was scope to wield the fears of the living, and to mulct and tax the dead through the living. It was, therefore, such an administration as this that was best fitted to arm the priesthodd of Rome with power to stretch be yond the grave, telling most effectually upon the fears of the living as it pretended to tell upon the condition and destinies of the dead. For such a figment as that of purgatory, the Church of Rome wanted not the type and the notion, because they found it ready to their haicds hi the fictions of the Rabbinical writers. Among the Jews there was the notion of an intermediate state where all Israelites (for they believe that all must ultimately go to the kingdom of God) were purified and pardoned, and 'at last admitted into heaven. Rome borrowed, filched this fond notion from the Rabbinical writers, as one most dear to her notions. Romaniso* is nothing else but Christianity half paganised, half judaised, and almost wholly unchristianised. (Loud cheers.) It were a very interesting study, and it is one in part done by some ingenious writers, to trace up to Judaism, upon the one hand, all that Rome borrowed from her, and to Paganism, upon the other hand, all that Rome borrowed from her. If, then; we were to ask what she had borrowed from Chritianity, we should find the amount coMparatively small indeed. The great firndamental truths that she does hold in coMmou'wi; h ourselves—such as the Trinity in Unity and the satisfaction offered by Christ—she does so overlay and bury by the ac cumulation of some Judaical and some Pagan superstitions, that the pearl is almost unknown and lost. As some writer has well observed, she " has folded the head of the babe in the arms of Mary, and buried his atonement in his sepulchre, and rolled a great stone to the door." My Christian-friends, we have thus, then, introductorily, traced the origin of the doctrine of purgatory in the Church of Rome. We have seen what facility was afforded for its introduction; we have sees how this unscriptural; scribed middle state between death and judgment presented itself as the proper sphere and field for Rome to occupy in order to subserve her own purposes. We have seen, that to subserve those purposes nothing was more necessary than that her priesthood should be armed with a certain indefinite power over the future destinies of mankind, and that this power should not extend, indeed, to the directly final states, because Rome herself had not the unblushing presumption, in the face of Scripture, to pretend that men can ever be lost from heaven and rescued from hell; but an intermedi ate state saved her from this dilemma, and enabled her and offered to her a very fit occasion and opportunity to in troduce that monstrous fiction purgatory which we shall find, as we proceed, to trace it out, one of the most monstrous and mighty powers with which the Church of Rome arms herself. Indeed if you take away purgaiory from the Romish system, you take away the very mainspring of her machinery ; you disarm the Romish priesthood of their power if you strip from them the fond notions of purgatory. Let us then allow the Church of Rome to speak for herself, and ascertain what are her own views of the intermediate state of purgatory. We shall first of all appeal to her own authorized and ac credited standard ; afterwards we shall have recourse to some her standard writers in order to have further light thrown upon this, at the best, dim and obscure subject; for she has felt it her interest to aid you, as far as possible, through the misty obscurity. In the creed of Pope Pius the Fourth, which is made, very fitiy, the platforms for a series of lectures, of which the present is one, the sons are taught, each one for himself,—" I do firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls detained therein are helped by the player of the faithful." We have here, indeed, a bare naked state ment of fact, that there is a purgatory, but where that purgatory is, where located, and of what description it is, we are not told. We are also told that the suffrages of the faithful avail for those in that place, purgatory ; but what those suffrages are we are not told, and in what manner they avail we are not informed. We shall now have recourse to the Council of Trent, and see what further light is thrown upon the subject by that notorious council.—The reverend gentlemen then quoted a decree enacted at the 25th (and last) session of the Council of Trent, which states that masses, prayers, and alms are to be continually offered up for the relief of the souls detained in purgatory, and that all bishops and priests are to preach this " wholsome doctrine." Here, proceeded the reverend gentlemen, we find some slight light thrown upon the subject, though after all it is a very cloudy light ; we are taught that there is not only pl ace called pla e called purgatory, but that th e su ff rages o f the faithful which avail for the relief of those confined in purgatory, are masses, prayers, and alms, and other works of piety, which the faithful have been accustomed to perform for the departed believers. We are referred here to the bishops who are to inculcate this wholesome doctrine; and we find in the catechism of the Council of Trent which is of equal authority with the enactments of the council itself, somewhat more respecting purgatory. Mr. Stowell then read passages from the Catechism of the Council of Trent, the catechism for children, and the Douay catechism, in which it was alleged that purgatory is a doctrine founded upon the scripture& and upon the traditions of the fathers ; and that it is a prison for the purification of departed spirits. We have here (the rev. gentleman continued) some little more light reflected upon this dim and uncertain subject, for we find purgatory designated a prison, therefore it is a place which has " a local habitation and a name." We find, too, somewhat respecting those that are confined in purgatory — that they are persons who either have been guilty of venial sins which have not been expiated, or persons who having committed mortal sins, and having been forgiven those mor tal sins, in so far as everlasting punishment is concerned, yet have not rendered that satisfaction for sin which the Church of Rome requires even in the case of mortal sin, although the venial guilt has been pardoned. Such are the persons she reports as going into purgatory, in order to ren der that additional satisfaction which is required by the jus tice of God before they can enter into heaven. But let us refer to her most celebrated doctor, Cardinal Bellarmine, and ascertain what further light he may throw upon the sub ject. Bellarmine was then quoted ; and he defined purga tory to be a certain place, where as in a prison, souls de parted from this life were purified, because without such purification they could not enter into heaven that the pains of purgatory were most horrible, the greatest sufferings on earth bore no comparison to them ; and that if men knew what they were they would never go there, but would rather go into the torments of the eternal fire of hell. Now Car dinal Bellarmine has thrown his additional light upon the mysterious subject we are investigating, and he distinctly tells us not only who they are who enter into purgatory, but what is the measure of suffering they endure. He tells us it is most horrible, horrible beyond all comparison ; so that no sufferings upon earth are to be compared with it. A fearful and a wretched stage indeed for a child of God to have to pass through to the finallando t f weenh t re e st ey a e nd ef gl f o a r i y th ! What a fearful cloud is purgatory between and that pure and bright abode which God has prepared for them that love him ! The ;Church of Rome, however , not content with thus giving us g eneral notions u pon the subject of purgatory has furnished us in the case of some of her ca nonised saints with fuller information : some, of them have returned from that world from which, we would imagine, ag itle u o traveller was ever allowed to c ome back again. find it in the case of St. Christina, and she thus relates what she witnessed in purgatory. The rev. gentleman then read St. Christina's report of what she had seen and heard, from . , which it appeared that she held a conversation with the Al mighty, and interceded with him on behalf of some friend of hers. We here find (Mr. Stowell continued) an individual coming back from the purgatorial state and describing its nature, nevertheless the description of information furnished by St. Christina is very superficial and unsatisfactory. We find, however, something more upon the subject of purgatory revealed to us in the case of—who do you .o suppose ? No less a personage than one of the Popes of me, no less than In nocent 111., who held the Lateran Council ! This pope is represented as being in purgatory, and in purgatiop too, to he last day ! But you shall hear his own description of his tate. Mr. Stowell then (looted from the life of St. Lud of St. Christina, Ardis, written by tE n account of t 1 vi: tory, to whom the , opl: stated he miist be confined there WI the day of judg aent, and that intercession with the Ahnighty for hitn was evils (liecontin wretched pope suf- re left to imagine for ourselves; but this is only ..,any self-contradictions of which the Church of ~ is perpetually guilty. Here then we have this strange and striking feature with regard to Popery, that one of the most eminent popes—he that held the , Lateran Council — should be himself consigned to purgatory, and consigned to it even till the judgment of the last day. We have, then, my dear hearers, examined as far as the Church of Rome vouchsafes light to us upon: the subject, her views of the purgatorial fire. It appears that the locality of purgatory she has not fixed. The state of purgatory she places between death and the resurrection. The pains of purgatory she sometimes speaks of as tire, but how tire can be applied to spirit it is impossible for us to conceive, and we must leave it to her to explain ; and though she has seen fit to speak of the fires of purgatory, she never enters into minute detail of the nature of the torments inflicted there, but she describes them as most horrible, immeasurably be yond anything ever suffered on earth. She further tells us, that those who are in prison there are not the wicked who shall finally perish, but the righteous, whose satisfaction for sins upon earth has been imperfect, or who, having been guilty of venial sins, have had no opportunity of making sa tisfaction at all. She teaches, therefore, as you perceive, the distinction between mortal and venial sins—sins of a darker dye and sins of a lighter shade. She teaches also that there is a distinction between pardon and punishment, inso much as though a man may be pardoned in so far as hell is concerned, he may yet not be pardoned in so far as the endurance of temporal punishment goes ; so that a man while delivered from final and everlasting torment is not exempted from self-inflicted penances at his own hands, or from sore suffering and visitation at the hands of God on account of his sins, and from the powerful fear of purgatory after death, un less he has made satisfaction, in temporal punishment, for his sins on this side the grave. Take, then, the whole view ; and here you have what the Church of Rome holds with regard to the existence of pur gatory, with regard to the nature of penance in purgatory, and with reg . ard to the persons who are engaged in that pe nance. Now, upon what evidence does the Church of Rome found this strange and monstrous fabric? What authority has she in the Word of God to declare that there be such a place as purgatory, or to describe purgatory as being thus peopled by individuals whose sins are forgiven them ? The . passages which the Church of Rome fixes upon in Scripture are sundry ; but for the most part they are so utterly imper tinent and so utterly inapplicable that even one of her own advocates, and he one who died a martyr for the church, flings aside as untenable. The rev. gentleman then quote, from Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, who said, that with regard to all the passages of Scripture usually adduced in defence of the doctrine of purgatory, with the exception of three, they are of little avail and of little applicability. The three to which he refers (resumed Mr. Stowell) are those to which I shall allude. The first passage is from the book of Maccabees, in which Judas and those who taught with him are represented as giving sacrifice and prayer for the dead who had been killed in the battle, because certain idolatrous charms were found beneath their garments after death. Upon this passage Ido not intend to touch, because we cast the book of Macabees and the whole Apocrypha al together aside. We do not recognise that book, though, with the church, we regard it as useful for instruction in mo rals, and for example in life ; but we do not for one moment, directly or indirectly, countenance the idea that it has any right or place whatsoever in the canon of holy Scripture. We conceive there never was a period since the canon of holy Scripture was completed, when it became all scriptural mi nisters to take heed how they in any way allow either tradi tion, or the writings of the fathers in the Apocrypha, to be brought into contact with the word of God. They should let the word of God stand aloft in the firmament of the church, like the sun in the sky, and not allow the damp, offensive matter that arises from the marshes, if read at all, approach to, or mingle its dusky light with the sun of its pure splen dour. I conceive; therefore, I should be lending some slight indirect sanction to the notion that the apocryphal writings are to be regarded as authority, if I were to condescend to waste your time by attempting to analyse a passage which, whatever may be its import or its bearing upon the subject, we hold as of no more authority than we hold the ipse diait either of Dr. Wiseman, Dr. Murray, or Dr. Doyle. We hold the Writings of the Apocrypha in no other light than as the records of former nations, and therefore venerable. As moral writings, or historical records, we take them for what they are worth. What is true in them we do receive ' • but we test their truth as the truth of all, or any writings, by the writings, by the only touchstone—the infallible word of the one of the I Rome Casting aside that quotation, the next upon which they found their doctrine is the 12th chapter of Matthew, and 3rd verse, where it pleased our blessed Redeemer to say, " who soever speaketh a word against the Son of Man, it shall be forgiven but whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world nar in the world to come." Now, even supposing Christ had inti mated there was forgiveness in a future world, this does not suggest, nor does it directly sanction, the idea of purgatory. Further, that Christ should have taught forgiveness at all in a future world, is utterly inconceivable, for it would have been in the face of all he himself had previously de clared, in that he said, " The night conieth wherein no man can work ; and again, by his apostle, " now is the ac cepted time, now is the day of salvation." But if we take the parallel passages in the gospel of St. Mark and St. Luke, we find this expression rendered more faithfully by the words " hath never forgiveness," and " shall not be forgiven ;" and therefore it is clear our blessed Redeemer used a common mode of expression among the Jews, as there is ample evi dence of it, in order, in the strongest manner, to asseverate that the sin agoinst the Holy Ghost was an unpardonable sin, and never to be pardoned here, and therefore not for ever. So much, then, for the passage upon which the Church of Rome rests, as upon a pillar, the monstrous fabric of purga tory. We find it has no relation or bearing upon the point ; that It was a declaration, common to the Jews, of a thing impossible for ever. The next passage upon which she founds this doctrine is in the first of St. Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians, from the 13th to the 15th verse. This is the passage where the apostle guards the christian builders against building upon any other foundation than on Christ, and with any other than sound and substantial materials ; that they should not build " wood, hay, stubble," but gold, silver, and precious stones ;" and reminds them that a day shall come which sh a ll revea their work, when every man's work should be tried of what sort it was, and that if any man's work stands he should receive a reward, but if it were consumed he should suffer loss, yet he himself should be saved "soas by fire." Let any person read that passage and he will at once s ee th a t it i s metapho rical, and therefore a plain man may find some difficulty in coming to a determination, but he will never be led by it to suppose there is a future intermediate state in which fire is applied to test the souls of men. First of all he finds that it is not the souls of men that are to be tested, but the works of men that are to be tested ; it is the man's works that are to be tried, but it is not to try the man's soul ; therefore since the Romanist holds that the soul is to be tortured in purgatory, it is clear the passage can have no bearing what ever upon any such state. Further, it is the view of the Church of Rome that the soul in purgatory is to be purified by fire, but here it is the works of the man which are to be tried by fire ; it is not the soul purified, but the works tried— it is the works which are to be purified, tested, and tried, and brought to the ordeal. Further, the Church of Rome teaches that only the souls of those who have died under eternal punishment not expiated, or who have been guilty of venial sin, are those who go into the purgatorial flame •, but this passage declares that fire shall try the works of all men, apostles, prophets, and martyrs. Further, we are told here that if the works be destroyed, the man himself shall suffer loss—the builder shall suffer loss—but he himself shall be saved, "soas by fire." The Church of Rome says, "by means of the fire of purgatory ;" the apostle says, " so as by fire," meaning, "as if it were by fire,' an expression of fre quent use in those times, and in ours. We are told by the Prophet Zechariah, that " Joshua was clothed with filthy garments, and stood before the angel : and he answered and spake unto those that stood before him, saying, take away those filthy garments from him ; and unto him he said, be hold I have caused thine iniquity to pass from thee, and I will clothe thee with just raiment." Here are parallel ex pressions. It is clear then that the whole passage is meta phorical ; therefore it is equally clear that to apply one part of it metaphorically, and the other part literally, is utterly contradictory of the rules of sound interpretation, and makes the apostle appear ignorant of what he was writing. The Romanists themselves will admit that the foundation must be metaphorical ; they will admit that the " gold, silver, and precious stones," and the " wood, hay, stubble," must b e metaphorical. hy then, if the preceding part of the figure be all metaphorical, are we to take the other as if it were not metaphorical ? Is it not clear that the passage, though in volved in some obscurity, either means that men are to beware what subordinate doctrines they build upon, or that the ground of the doctrines of christianity creates the hope of the sinner's soul, the only basis of a sinner's acceptance ; that if they build upon erroneous doctrines, not vitally erro neous, but circumstantially erroneous, instead of upon that true foundation, that in the final trial of the last great day the falsity of their views shall be revealed, and their views shall be, as it were, consumed. Nevertheless, be cause they built upon the true foundation themselves, though they built •' wood, hay, stubble" upon that foundation that loss shall be suffered ; as to the measure of reward and en durance of their work they themselves shall be saved yet hardly, scarcely, as it were by fire. Or to take another in terpretation which I confess commends itself to my judg ment, that the " wood, hay, subble" built upon the founda tion are not the doctrines but the professors of christianity ; that ministers of religion are warned against too readily ad mitting into the church, and acknowledging as brethren in the fellowship of Christ all who take hastily and in consider ately its professions, lest haply they build upon the true foundation what they imagine to be " gold, silver, precious stones," yet which are in reality " wood, hay, stubble." This appears to me to be the nearest and the simplest inter pretation of a confessedly somewhat mysterious passage ; but whatever the mystery which may adhere to it, it affords no curtain or shelter whatever for the monstrous figments of purgatory. I would defy any man that had not a purpose to serve, or an end to gain, to have ever conceived how he could torture and twist that passage of St. Paul into an argument for purgatory. The last passage which the Romanists, the sober and sound reasoners among the R oman i sts themselves, venture to retain in proof of purgatory is that also confes sedly dark passage in the Ist St. Peter, 3d ch. verses 18, 19, and 20. where our blessed Redeemer is said to: have " once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the spirit; by which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison ; which some time were disobedient, when once the long suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was preparing, wherein few, that is eight, souls were saved by water.' The Church of Rome says, " here are spirits in prison : the Saviour goes to preach to those spirits, and therefore here is purgatory ; here are spirits in prison capabl e o f being preached to by Christ," and the in ference is, deli vere d by Christ. It will be sufficient to an swer to this, that the individuals in purgatory, as the Church of Rome has it here, who are delivered by Christ, are individuals cut off by the overwhelming wrath of God, in the midst of their sins, unrepented, unconfessed, and unabsolved. If there were sinners cast into hell, they must have been cut off without room or opportunity for repentance. The Church of Rome holds that those who die in mortal sin can never be forgiven, they do not therefore go into purga tory, but at once to a place of torment ; consequently, upon her own showing, this passage can avail nothing for them. The Church of Rome, therefore, driven from Scriptural evi dence falls back upon the usual alternative, tradition and the fathers. Now, as for tradition. it is such a meteor of the part,e form, una e I t o willg et their have marsh, flitting every where an d tan gible nowhere, dancing h ° a " p 'll e up and down, thatt,aefgoirme my s traditions in any tangible nothing whatever to do with it. I do not know where the tradition of the Church of Rome is to be found. I do not know what good is to be derived from it; and I do not know any point upon which I should like to ask a priest some questions upon than this—" Will you have the kindness, rev. sir, to give me those traditions of yours? let us handle and feel these " airy phantoms" you are conti nuallyand mocking us with, l ea di ng your vo aries we do not know w h ence they come, where th th e y are, or what they must be ; it is everything or anything, it d a e e lud th in e g t just as suits your purpose, and we P ro t es t an t s mus t regar d it as one of the o b jects which used to disturb our childhood." But with regard to the fathers, then it will be said there ar tangible tones, large, and venerable, and dusty. I grant they are so large, and so venerable, and so dusty many of them, that if we are to depend for our faith upon the inter pretation, of the fathers, and much more upon their unani mous interpretation may God have mercy upon us—there is LIVERPOOL EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, The report of the Eye and Ear Infirmary for the past year has been before us for the last fortnight, and we beg to call the attention of our readers and the public to its beneficent operations. It is a charity conducted with much liberality, not confining its benefits to i this town or the immediate dis trict, but extending them n every direction. Indeed, the only qualification for the benefits of the institution is afflic tion of the eye and ear—a truly Samaritan principle, as every one must admit. We are sorry to perceive by the report, that the committee by which this valuable institution is conducted have com menced the present year with a debt of £l6, together with bills yet to be rendered amounting to £3O or £4O additional. This amount, although not great, must, we fear, suggest to the committee the propriety, if not the necessity, of not re ceiving as inpat i ents every case requiring an operation. When the fact becomes known, we are not without a hope that the debt will be swept away, and the committee sup plied with means to extend the usefulness of the charity. Being aware that Saturday last was what is called an " operating day," we visited the institution, and there saw more than enough to justify us in appealing to the pub lic in behalf of its funds. Mr. Neill, the able sur geon to the institution, assisted by Dr. Edwards, ope rated in six cases, in every one of which we are happy to say he succeeded in restoring to the afflicted the invaluable blessing of sight. One was on an old man, named Robert Tyrer, aged 65, residing at Bickerstaff : he had artificial pupil, the sight of both eyes having been lost by an unsuccessful operation by a country surgeon. The first operation was performed by Mr. Neill a week ago : by the present, sight was immediately so restored that he could dis tinguish objects across the street. Joseph Catterell, aged 67, of Neston, and Ellen Wood, aged 23, from Walton, each afflicted with cataract in both eyes, were next operated upon and their sight restored. Two infants, one aged six months and the other two and a half months, were the next subjects ; they were afflicted with purulent opthahnia, and sight ap peared to be immediately restored. The last subject we shall mention was John Fevey, aged 22, from some place in the county Down. He had entirely lost one eye by the bursting of a pistol, and from sympathy the other became blind, cata ract having formed which destroyed the sight. In two or three seconds the cataract was removed and sight restored. These cases, which came under our own observation, illus trate the utility of the charity far more powerfully than any lengthened eulogium. All the patients were poor and desti tute, and their poverty and destitution constituted their sole claim upon the institution. In closing this brief notice of this excellent charity we must not omit to mention how much it is indebted for its success and efficiency to the zeal and ability of its medical officers, Dr. Edwards and Mr. Neill. They are unwearied in their efforts ; they act together with the greatest cordiality : and when circumstances call upon them to perform operations they discharge their most responsible duty with a skill and consideration for the patient that has most materially contri buted to the extensive reputation of the charity. We have only to add that the treasurer of the Eye and Ear Infirmary is Mr. John Crossfield, who will be happy to en large the list of subscribers. CORRESPONDENCE. FOUR AND SIX-WHEELED ENGINES TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sla t —ln your account of a late meeting of the Polytechnic Society, at which one of its members read a paper " On the comparative merits of four and six-wheeled carriages," ano ther member, whose leaning was in favour of carriages with six wheels, on account of the unsteadiness of those having four only, is reported to have said, that " the defect of un steadiness more than counteracted all the advantages to be derived from the saving in friction of the two wheels." I beg leave to ask, whether friction is really increased by two additional wheels,—whether it be not a fact, that weight (surface, velocity, and everything else being alike) deter mines the amount of friction,—and whether, when the weight of a carriage and its contents is thrown upon six wheels instead of four, matters are not balanced, by the weight on each wheel being proportionably lessened ? There appears to be a very common misapprehension on this point. With similar views many practical mechanics reduce axles to a minimum, believing that, by a decrease of their diame ters, they also diminish friction ; and mischief is sometimes the consequence of this error. It should be remembered that a brick is as easily moved on its side as on its edge. Resistance may no doubt be increased by enlarging an axle— by diminishing leverage in some cases, and the effect of mo mentum in others ; but this is an obstruction requiring se parate consideration. If my view be erroneous, I shall be glad to be set right, and kiss the rod ; if correct, I shall flat ter myself that I have deserved well of my country.—l am, s ir, yours obediently, M. A. Liverpool, April 15, 1842. • MESMERISM, TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sts,--In reply to the comments on my communication I beg leave to observe-Ist, That I attempted the " tickling in question," with the stockings on, however. Mr. Brett, I think, inserted the pins. 2nd. " On a powerful shock being given she screamed out as before," does not imply that no other shocks were admi nistered. " A suppressed scream" would suppose a resist- _ my e f fort. 3rd. " The chair on which she sat would not suoport the arms." It need only be stated that the length of the top rail of the chair in question has since been measured, and is twenty inches and a half. M. Lafontaine certainly did state that the arms and legs, when mesmerised, would continue extended until demesrnerised. For Romism read Rowism April 18, 1842. J. S. CURRIE There are at present 418 Polish refugees on the governmen t list for the parliamentary grant. In 1838 there were 427.