The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-12-09 00:00:00

DEC. 9, 1836. that by their act they could not divide more than Id per rent- Profit amongst the shareholders, which amount was rapidly ac cruing to them, and wnen that amount of profit should be ar rived at they would be able to supply the public with gas at a reduced rate. The company, if the contract with the old com pany were attempte;l to be fulfilled, intended to take measures to prevent the infringement of their rights. The memorial was referred to the lighting committee. Mr. Councillor JORDAN moved thsit a nuisance of an en croached wall in Duke-street, be referred to the improvement committee. Referred. The MAYOR moved that the police court be properly venti lated, as at present it was uncomfortable for the magistrates to sit in it. Agreed to. The Council then broke up at a quarter past three o'clock, having sat upwards of four hours. THEATRE-ROVAL, LIVERPOOL. For the BENEFIr of M. W. HOARD and Mr. LLOYDS, This Present FRIDAY EVENING, the 9th of December, On which occasion, Mr. HAMMOND, formerly of this Theatre, who has kindly offered his services, will make his first appearance these two years. ri IL IHE Entertainments will commence with Morton's Comedy of THE SCHOOL I,JF REFORM. Robert Tyke. Mr. Hammond, Lord Avondale fir. Stuart. General Tarragon Mr. Baker. Mr. Ferment Mr. W. Howard. Mrs. Ferment. Hiss Faucit. Mrs. St. Clair Mrs. Baker. Julia Miss Chaplin. Shelah Mrs. Clarke. After which, the Popular new Drama called ROBERT isdACAIRE. Robert Macaire Mr. W. Howard. Jaques Strop Mr. Baker. Marie Miss Faucit. To conclude with the the Burlesque Tragcdy of CHRONONOTONTHOLOGOS. THEATRE ROYAL, LIVERPOOL. ►7IHE Public is respectfully informed, that the extraordinary JL Artistes THE BEDOUIN ARABS, Whine performances during the last four months in London at tracted crowded audiences at the Colosseum and at the Surrey Theatre, are engaged FOSITIViiLY FOR FIVR NIGHTS ONLY, and will make their first appearance here on MONDAY next, December 12th, in their novel and highly interesting Elite' - tainment, in twn Parts, called THE ARABIAN FESTIVAL, introducing the wonderfuland novel Feats of the native Bedo►tins. Mr. EDWIN FORREST, • the popular Tragedian of the American Theatres, whose success at the Theatre-Royal, Drury-lane, in the various characters in which he has appeared there, has been most decided, is engaged Font FIVE NIGHTS, _ _ _ and will make his first appearance at this Theatre on MONDAY, December 26th. Mr. itigE, Of the American Theatres, the eelebrated representative of J 13.1 CROW,- now performing at the Adelphi Theatre, London, to crowded auditories is engaged Fon Six NIGHTS, and will make his first appearance here in the week succeeding Mr. Edwin Forrest's Engagement. Arrangements have been made a ith A COMPANY OF FRENCH PERFORMERS for a limited number of Nights, and the Amusements of the Theatre will be vat ied by a succession of French Performances, commencing on Mos DAY, December 19th. Mr. KNowLEs's New Drama of THE WRECKER'S DAUGHTER, produced last week with the most decided success at the Theatre-Royal, Drury-lane, is in preparation, and will be per formed iu the course of a few Nigh's. Mit, tiberpoot ,t-''.taiOarti. FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 9, 1836. We are very sorry to find, by the latest arrivals from Newfoundland, that the same system of brutal intimida tion, that has done so much mischief in Ireland, had been recently practised in that colony, at the general election which had just taken place. We cannot advert to this topic without giving expression to feelings of the most intense abliorence against the lawless ferocity displayed on this occasion by the sanguinary mob of savages, who were urged to their murderous avocation by the ruffian popish priests. When shall we possess a government strong enough, and virtuous enough, to repress these scandalous outrages ? The passages we are about to quote from the Newfoundland Public Ledger, naturally suggest the necessity of a strong and vigorous ministry in, order that the enactment of similar scenes may be prevented in Ireland, at the period of the approaching general election. St. John's, November 18, 1836. We gave on Tuesday last, some account of the tumulteus and riotous proceedings which had taken place on Monday the first day of the general election for this district. We stated that such was the riot and disorder, that the civil power was unable to preserve the p u bli c p eace , although no less than 140 special constables had been sworn in for that purpose; and that even tually it was found necessary to call out the military force, which remained under arms during the remainder of the day and the whole of Monday night. Such had been the confusion that we haj been unable satisfactorily to ascertain whether all the candidates had been nominated or not; but we have since learnt that they were all prOPesed and seconded by their respec Live friends:—the polling, as we stated before, was necessarily postponed until the following day. On Tuesday morning the several candidates proceeded to the hustings, where there were evident indications of a repetition of Me disgraceful proceedings of the former day ; whereupon Messrs. grieve, Kough, and Gill, to prevent the execution of threats of Murder and other violence, resigned the contest, (un der protest of course,) and left the field to the ferocious mob, and their favourite leaders Morris, Kent, and Carson, who were declared by the returning . offider duly returned. The rabble then took possession, us tt were, of the town, through which they exultingly paraded, yelling and "bah"ing " Down with the Toriest''"• Down with the mad-dogs !" and annoying and terrifying ,the peaceable inhabitants, wherever the military were not present to check the lawless proceedings :—from these, they fled like chaff before the wind, as often as they were pur *men. 'We observed in our last, that the turbulent readers of the Radical faction, Carson, Morris, and Kent, hadinoCbance what ever of coming in for the representation, but by intimidating the independent electors; and the amount of that intimidation and the manner of it, are beyond our pen to describe, — There seemed to be an immense influx of strangers front the.outharbours to lend a willing hand in overawing the peace ful electors, and no less than four hundred ruffians from that notoriously infamous place Cat bunear are said to have been present, their hands but recently imbrued in the blood Which they had caused to flow in beating down all op nosition to the election of the radical candidates in C o nc e pti on ay, a history of the villainous transactions connected with Which it became our duty to place upon record a week or two once. In short, the town was crammed to repletion with ill looking fellows, who sought every pretext for kicking up rows, and whose acts of violence upon the special constables and upon Others of the inhabitants were not only numerous but of the attest ferocious description. In short a horde of Red Indians let loose upon the town from their native wilds could scarcely • tfave presented an appearance of more savage determination. Au eye-witness to mica many ot her acts of cowardly ruffianism, assures us that he saw one individual beaten and knocked down, and while lying insensible and apparently lifeless on the ground, his huge assailant gave the poor fellow a most unmerciful kick, and was about to jump upon him, when he was suddenly over- powered and restrained from his murderous intention. But not to dwell upon these acts of savage ferocity—it is clear that such an amount of brute force could nut have beeu brought together for one common object without the active agency of the'Priests—nay, we have had the fact before our eyes that these personages have all along been most zealous and industri ous partizans of the revolutionary faction. There is no mystery about it; they openly and shamelessly desecrate their altars to the service of a must unholy cause, and even the confessional le made subservient to their political designs. They deny the rites of the church to those whose political creed does not square with their own, and they oppress and persecute by all manner of means those who offer the slightest resistance to their Political domination. Holding " the terrors of the church" within their grasp, they have an awful influence over the great Mass of our population, who are ignorant and unlettered in the last degree, but upon , every householder among whom, even Upon him who is the inhabitant of a mere log-hut, the elective franchise has been bestowed. We have in innumerable instances reiterated the truth that cis Majesty's government committed a very serious error in tender'eg the principles of democracy so large an ingredient in the con: Itution of this country ; and that the elective franchise wills: he very considerably narrowed indeed before the form of government which has been given to us can poSsibly answer the purposes for which it was intended. The views which we took were founded upon experience, and have been acceded to, We believe, by all rational men. But the history of the last Week , or two induces us to thick that we have not proposed a 4 effleient remedy for the evils with which the country is beset, 4 , 1 1(1 that however limited the elective franchise m ay' be made, i ne same evils will abound so long as we have for the most part l t Catholic population, controlled in their every movement by : It ignorant, a vicious, and a political priesthood. We have weep that the franchise Which has been given to the great hulk i. the people, has virtually been reflected back upon the priests; k eg therefore nominate, and :hey through the instrumentality their slavish adherents, return to the House of Assembly rl l tt y nearly whom they please. We h ave h a d a p rac ti ca l il ,,station of the truth of this remark in the late pr ocee di ngs a t parbour Grace when all the four candidates who had been re 'urged came iu under the protection of Fattier Dalton and his clerical colleagues, and where only one tally was permitted to h e L rought up for the opposing candidates we have ano• ' ii " .. er proof of the correctness of our views, in the scenes which tiZ. V e ( )used before us here within the present week. Nor is is all, for we are confidently assured—(although we do not e ° , l _ 3 ,ttch for the truth of this), that Morris after being returned for pis place, has also ctually been returned for the district of errylend, under they nfluence of Father Duffy ! 'there seems to us, under all the circumstances, to be but one 11, 4 „,.r5e now which the country ought to ackopt ;—and that is the co lltig before the Imperial Parliament ...,4aol and dispassionatearrative of the facts , h ' e mected wi t h our po liti ca l con dition—C o wing -p of the working of that sys.4.m which hwever it i ti l_ght ha u ve been designed for our benefit, has already produced 4 b`f. 4l eulabl e evils, and will in the end, if persisted in, bring andtotal ruin. We may, then, pray that the royal charter a nd il . t _ing to this color t y its present constitution be rescinded, i h„„as the only alternative left us, that our local government 017 1 henceforth consist of a Governor and Legislative Council. do e t ect ionable as this ferns may he in its abstract principl e , it ap„„aPpear to us that tinder all the circumstances, it is the mo s t I lle 'retile to this country ; and we would therefore urge an un e and very serious consideration of the subject. As Mlle journalists, whose business it is to watch over the welfare or the cluntrv, we have often very de wi4te, and very difficult &vies to perform. Sornetnues e cannot help per ce i i ng a con fli ct.. between particular liaterttstA, involving fin st ions o f i ntr i cac y not easy to clis eptikngle, and conditett-1 I,viti a Lost spirit hard to re eoneile, Sometimes w e are ealled upon to quiet alarm, and sometimes to cot - muerte caution ; and fool that it would be equally wrong to neglect the gathering of dark clouds in the political horizon; as it would be always to forbode a storm. On no occasion do we desire our read- ers to regard us as oracles, but always to take together our judgments, and the reasons upon which they are founded. We thus remove a great deal of heavy respon sibility from ourselves, by placing others in our own po sition, that they may see the same objects with their own eyes. These few preliminary observations we feel the more imperatively called upon to make now, because the subject which we are about to discuss is one of vital in terest to the whole community, and implicates, at the, same time, some questions of deeper and more peculiar importance to particular sections of it—we mean, the monetary state of England. We have heard for some time, and from various quarters, heavy complaints of the embarrassed state of trade—the difficulties with which commercial enterprise has to contend—the obstructions which hinder manufacturing movements—and, generally, the alarming aspect of all affairs dependent. upon our, monetary system. And we are assured that these mur murs are louder and more general than usual; they are not the periodical complainings of diminished trade at the " winter solstice," which we have always expected and commonly seen depart before the "sun entered Aries." No ; we fear that if this be the " winter of our discontent," we shall find a summer corresponding with it. As we hare seen in no publication, and heard in no conference with others, any sound explanation of the present embarrassments, we now, unaided by the light of our contemporaries, venture to enter upon the deli cate and difficult task of discussing this most momentous subject. That all the evil which we have stated as now existing does really exist; may very briefly, and, at the same time, incontestably be made to appear, by a reference to a few concurrent circumstances in the country, which, even to the most casual glance, have an obvious relation and con nexion with each other, and all united, as we shall soon attempt to prove, occasion the inconveniences complained of, and the gloomy prospects in our commercial horizon. First, the Bank of England has raised its rate of dis count to five per cent.—the maximum allowed by law, and, therefore, evidently pressing upon that limit. Se condly, the public funds have sunk below the average of many years. Thirdly, one large banking establishment has stopped payment, and two or three others, of various magnitude, have been driven to the same cessation. Fourthly, manufacturers have been obliged, either wholly to suspend operations, or to work " limited hours." Fifthly, many large mercantile firms, of unquestioned wealth and stability, have been necessitated to contract the extent of their speculations. These are facts, in which all parties concur ; or if the two latter, not admit ting of arithmetical proof, may be disputed, the three for mer are beyond all contradiction. But, with these facts before us, what explananation has been offered of their cause that is in the least degree satisfactory ? One blames the Bank of England for capricious conduct, with out considering that the Bank of England is prompted in all its transactions by that common moving principle, self-interest.. Caprice is almost impossible, certainly dif ficultly reconcileable with business transactions, and, must assuredly, quite untenable when affirmed by one who deliberately opposes his own welfare. There may be want of judgment, or error of judgment—there may be folly and inconsistency; but we cannot allow the slan der of caprice, which is a wanton act of injustice, to be imputed to a corporation of British merchants. The Bank of England is governed in its rate of discount by the proportion which demand and capital bear to each other. When their coffers are ftql, it is more advanta geous to them to discount at three per cent, whereby their deposits become actively profitable, than to keep a large proportion of those deposits unemployed, and de mand five per cent upon the discount of a much smaller amount; and such is the fineness of profit now in mer cantile transactions, in consequence of the magnitude of returns, that the figurative expression " dust of the ba lance" is no longer disregarded. The difference between a transaction completed with bills discounted at five per cent, and the same transaction with bills at three per cent, is such •as to determine the question of transaction or no transaction; and this will serve to explain why the mercantile interests are suffering at this moment ; al though the superior question still remains unsolved, why does the Bank of England demand five per cent upon its discounts? We shall address ourselves to this question in the sequel. It will be necessary, before we proceed to that part of our subject, to say a few words in expla nation of other causes of the present embarrassment which we occasionally hear. Among these, our trading is frequently mentioned. Of this we forbear to say much, because it is a point admitting of but little direct evi dence ; and that which is collaterally afforded is liable to objections, easily made,' and with difficulty answered. They who declare it cannot prove it, and, if proved, it would be an evil of but transitory duration. The expor tation of bullion is also mentioned as furnishing a full solution of the problem.. But, surely, this is an opinion hastily formed, and must be, as uncerem9niously, aban. cloned. Though bullion may become currency by merely altering its form, yet, until it has received that form which renders it current, it wants the essential quality of currency, and, consequently, cannot have any immediate effect upon the money market, or transactions connected with it. If any private parties were to deposit in the Bank of England one million of capital, and the Bank of England was pleased to exchange such deposit for bullion of equal value, it is clear that the Bank would always have an ability to pay the million deposited with them by coining the bullion; but whether the Bank of England chose to keep this million of bullion in their "strong holds,". or to suffer it to be exported, like any other marketable commodity, nothing would be felt in either case in the money market, or, at most, nothing be yond the question of Bank security. They never dis count bills with bullion, and if ever bullion is employed in monetary transactions, it is in only a few rare in stances of foreign exchange. The business of trade' de pends upon another currency—a currency which we con tend has not been narrowed, but diverted . from its former channel. In order that we may. be distinctly understood in our position, and then - ce may be appreciated the force and pertinency of our arguments, we contend, t h at the investment of capital in railroads and other joint stock companies is alone adequate to explain all the circum stances of embarrassment which now press, and those which threaten still more heavily to press, upon the country. To the proof of this position we shall now proceed! If all the capital contemplated to be required to carry out the various railroads now projected were actually in vested in them, (which we well know is not the case,) there would be nearly sixty millions of money drawn from some source or other and diverted into novel than • nels; and if even those projects be completed, there WILL BE not less than such a sum actually so invested : that is, in other words, sixty millions of capital will he expended in materials and labour. A large ironmaster and great capitalist once observed to us, that this distribution of wealth would be a positive public blessing; and doubt less it is so in a variety of ways. It is a public blessing to the pauper, who before could not find employment; to the ironmaster himself-Land perhaps he caught, in the corner of his eye, some glimpse of this ;--to artizans of various description ; and through all these, as a medium, to the community at large, in the reduction of poor-rates, and in the security which ever attends the full employ ment of the poor. But our business now, is to consider the influence of such an expenditure upon the banking system, and, through the banks, upon the commercial and manufacturing interests of the country. These sixty millions, of which perhaps a tithe part is hardly paid up, could not. be drawn from the funds—no, not a shilling of it—for every shilling so drawn from the funds would re quire the fixation of another shilling ; and very little of it could come from the private coffers of individuals, be- cause millions are never locked up in private coffers. Whence then must it come ?—what source is there whence so large a sum can be deuced We answer, that there are no other imaginable fountains that can supply this very Ganges of capital than the diGrent banks, in which the! public place all their strpe: Inoue, Tiittt is, sixty millions of capiial must lie drawn, sooner 4 later, from the chess of the diffo.ent banking, establishments . throughout England, to provide for the completion of railroads, &c., now in progress, and projected in the king- AA what would be the effect of such an abstrac-. tion or capital ? Why, evidently an abridgment of faci lity in discounting bills. There is not a banking-house in the whole country which does not discount to an amount beyond its own capital, however ample that ca pital may be. Its very existence affirms the fact; and if the amount of their deposits is lessened, their power to discount is proportionately curtailed. And we have just seen, that the heavy demands made upon them to meet current expenses of present projects, is quite sufficient to explain why the merchant or manufacturer, though wealthy, cannot obtain discount, though the banker him self is wealthy too. His own wealth is inadequate, and the wealth.of his customers has been withdrawn. This fact we think abundantly sufficient to explain the cause of all the existing embarrassments in trade, and not less so that of the extraordinary position of the money mar ket. We have, and have acknowledged it, supposed a much larger sum to have been drawn from the hands of bankers than the present state of railroad expenditure would justify ; but we think enough has been so drawn as to account for the sluggish movements of money tran sactions and the difficulty encountered in trade, and we tear as the abstractions increase the embarrassMents will ' increase with them, and it is well to be beforehand with calamity. "A wise man seetli the evil and hideth him 7 self--'--a fool goeth on and is punished." We have seen that whenever, if ever, all the present projected railroads shall be completed, that sixty millions of capital will be withdrawn from the coffers of bankers. As a large proportion of this sum is deposited without any interest, we may, perhaps, without any danger of great error, consider the whole to average, at present, four per cent of interest, or nearly two and a half mil lions,of profit, substracting, of course, the expenses of the different establishments, but still leaving the revenue of a little kingdom. With this we find no fault—it is legitimately and honourably obtained, and, as we see, in perfect harmony with the prosperity of the country; but we cannot conceal from ourselves, nor conscientiously withhold from our readers, over whose interests we are, in some degree, guardians, that this change in the bank ing system, from causes over which bankers themselves have no control, is a sufficient ground fur every one to ascertain the stability of that firm to which he commits his capital---although the withdrawal of capital, by par ties embarking it in railroads, or for any other purpose, cannot in the least affect the insolvency or the security of a bank, the capital of whose firm has not been lessened by other heavy losses, arising from gross mismanagement or unsuccessful speculations—yet those bankers, which have been li7ing upon the profits derivable from the use of the deposits in their hands, either as mortgages or in discounting bills, will now suffer a heavy reduction in their income—we see that eventually two millions and a half of profit will be withdrawn from the entire banking system. One great evil, immediately consequent upon this withdrawing of capital from private banks, is a tempta tion to induce the Bank of England to avail itself of the exclusive privilege it possesses of multiplying its paper circulation ; and we are aware that this might be done to a great extent without placing in jeopardy its ultimate interests, if due judgment were exercised upon its ad vance of loans or its facility of discount. Other bank- ers, as they find their deposited funds diminish, are obliged to reduce the amount of their discounts; but the Bank of England is still at liberty, because she possesses within herself independent powers of production. But whatever good may sometimes arise from a judicious ex ercise of this privilege, we cannot help thinking it a chartered evil. No corporation, irresponsible to the country, should be invested with such a controlling in fluence over all its monetary transactions. The circum stance of its now demanding five per cent upon all bills is either a proof of its extreme cupidity, or, as we would rather hope, of its prudent discrimination in discount ing. If the Bank of England require five per cent upon discounts because discounts are impracticable at some other banks, it is a most reprehensible example of ava• rice; if it arise from their participation in the circuin- stances of the times which narrow the business of other banks,. we cannot but applaud their prudence. But be it from either of these causes, the result is the same. Five per cent is demanded, and five per cent is an interest which will alter the general character of trade ; and the cause—the only cause, we still maintain, is the abstrac tion of large sums for railroads and alter joint stock companies ; and what renders the prospect more gloomy, is that there is no probability, we might say possibility, of any considerable part of this -capital finding its way again into the hands of bankers. No : it is the case of breaking large masses into fragments, which cannot b e re-united. It is dispensed for labour. How little do raw materials cost ! What is the value of iron in the state of ore ? Comparatively nothing. It is the addi, tion of labour, in its multiplied forms, that gives it all it s value. The very banks that are raised, and excavations that are dug, are all the representatives of labour, or, if you please, of money ; and that which was yesterday 0 , bar of gold in the chest of the bank, the property 'of on e man, to-day is melted down into sovereigns,and become s the property of thousands. Yesterday, it might h ave been rendered available in discounting the bill of a met. chant ; to-day it is exchanged, in an almost infinity of ways, for the necessaries of life—and is so scattered, and divided, as to mock the thought of being speedily col lected together, and returning again into the coffers of the bank, from which it issued. Having proved that this demand of capital for railroads, &c., is a circumstance sufficient to explain the diminished facility of procuring discounts upon bills, even unexcep tionable bills, and, consequently, the embarrassment s which merchants and manufacturers now experience in carrying on their various concerns, we shall also see that the same fact will explain the -unusual depression of the funds. Capital has been wanted for certain purposes, (railroads,) and many parties wishing to have their ca . . pital to dispose of have either withdrawn it from the bank, %Olio!' makes the abovemenlioned.caseor hay.ioifere4' funded stock for sale to larger amounts than there were to purchase ; and, as in every markeiable com modity, when the quantity exceeds the demand, the price necessarily rails, That what we have here stated affords a solution of the difficulties with which the money mar ket ig now oppressed, we feel very satisfied ; and if these difficulties be already so great, what are we to expect, when the whole sixty millions (if such be at all practica- ble) shall be demanded for novel investments? It be !loves not cu!y political economists to look well to this question, but we would also press it upon the attention of all our monied friends. It is ❑ot against the insecu rity of banks, generally, that we offer any caution, but, first, against those which have not, and never had any visible capital; end, secondly and principally, against entering into monetary engagements for the fulfilment of which they may depend upon bank accommodation. We have spoken of railroads, as making the heaviest demands upon the spare capital of the country, but we would add that the formation of joint-stock banking companies have also a tendency to augment the same evil; fur, suppose, for the sake of argument, that one million only is withdrawn from previously existing banks (and we have shown that there is no other source of capital) to be vested in joint-stock banks, although the capital is designed for the very same purpose in its . new location, for which it was before employed, yet there is a division, and frittering down of profits; a spreading of a grain of gold on a larger surface, so that the film is less; and all this with an increased expense of manage- [Dent, which, as far as it extends, will operate like the railroads. tilt) _ - We have purposely neglected, though not forgotten, the possible intrOduCtion of a small capital. into this country from the•sale of property in fOreign funds--this, so far as it extends, will mitigate the evil complained of; but its amount is , altogether insignificant, and ;the portion applied to home speculation unworthy notice. On a subject of such deep and all involving import ance as our money market, implicated as it. is', tovith every transActi-on., it 11 °WO bq Tiff: LIVERPOOL ',..3.l'',klbAgli newspaper, to offer more than a few general reflections, or to e ipluin 000 or two Of its more prominent features; This we designed, and this we hope to have effected. Alarm is the farthest from our thoughts and wishes; but if there he danger, it is folly to shut our eves to it—we do not obtain security by imitating the silly pheasant, which pits its head under its wing, and thinks, because it sees no ,evil, that no evil can be near—we write from conviction, and we desire investigation. Our con nexions are with some of the first capitalists in the king dom—the question itself is paramount in its conse• quences. We have another reason for urging inquiry at. the present moment—distress darkens the judgment, whilst it opens the ears of the public to the voice of political demagogues, who always prosper most when calamity pervades a country. We, therefore, repeat, our appeal to our countrymen—search into tho cause of the present evil, whilst there is remaining among us some collect edness of mind, and the worst passions of our nature are not inflamed. We have devoted a considerable space to record one of the most extraordinary, and, at the same time, one of the most disgraceful meetings that ever took place within the borough of Liverpool.. We allude to the meeting of the ToWri Council on Wednesday last. And what a sad proof does it afford of the evil and danger arising from crude legislation. ! ThnMunicipal Reform Bill was con ceded to ,popular clamour, in order that' his Majesty's present government might retain possession of their places, and enjoy the'sweets and emoluments of office. During 'the, agitation of this question our opponents were warned of the danger that threatened them, by such a concession to what was called " publiq opinion," and it was then foretold that the bill would work their own confusion and, disgrace. But with an obstinacy only equalled by ,their ignorance of the working of de mocratic: principles, they.. persevered in their demand, and instead of Maintaining the nice balance of the Bri tish constitution, they threw such an overwhelming in fluence in favour of democracy, as not only endangers the civil rights and religious liberties of the people, but affects the stability of the throne. The extension of the suffrages to all the rated householders, even of the lowest class, has had, in Liverpool especially, a most ,prejudi cial effect. It has led to the exclusion of gentlemen of property, talent, or education, from taking a part in the local government of the town, and installed into office a number of men whose only claim to distinction is, that they are ambitious and restless demagogues, who, to gain a fleeting populat ity, endanger the peace of society by pandering to the most degraded passions of the people, and deceiving their miserable dupes by artifices the most contemptible. With professions of freedom on their lips, they cherish and exercise, where they dare, a tyranny most galling and despotic. The meeting on Wednesday last, partook largely of this feeling. Our liberal Town Council have established a sort of inquisi torial tribunal, and insolently claim that their stupid majority shall restrain the freedom of opinion, especi allg when it dares to expose the falsehood, the meanness, and the treachery of whig principle and practice. We must very briefly introduce to our readers the persons who figured on this occasion, and then appeal to them if we do not establish the correctness of our corn ment by the practice of our liberal Town Councillors. Previously to the commencement of business, Mr. Councillor Evans, (who by some accident or other, re joices in being an alderman,) rose to notice a libellous attack upon the council by one of their own body, (a Tory of course,) and very charitably offered the honour able Councillor an opportunity of either denying what he is reported to have said, or, in the spirit of what he termed bravado, to dare the council to their very beards. He suggested an excuse for the member, by saying that he thought he might have been "labouring under the excitement of the protracted festivities," (that is, being intoxicated, but a reformed - Alderman never uses such a word,) and that he was unconscious of what he was say ing—the Alderman's wit and courage both evaporating at the same time, he sat down ; upon which - Mr. Cduh cilror James Heyworth rose, and expressed the surprise he felt that the council should mix with its political cha racter a judicial one, and assume the power of inquiring and investigating into the motives and conduct of any of its members. Mr. Heyworth chose very good grounds of defence, and retaliated upon the council, by stating that the expressions he had made use of were far less severe than those indulged in by many honourable coun cillors towards their opponents. On which Mr. Coun cillor Rawdon, with that courtesy which exclusively be longs to a liberal Town Councillor, said to Mr. Alder man Robinson, of Castle-street —" What the devil bus this to du with it ?" Some interruption took • place, and a great deal of confusion, which having parties, h e di recte d t h e subsided, the M a yor rose, and in s t ea d o f demand ingottl(t) acircum s t ance w hi c h atten a tio f n air f hearingthe councilto t b happened to himself. He had b een a l so misrepre sented by the'reporters, and had taken the earliest op portunity of correcting such inis-report. Mr. Councillor James Heyworth could see no analogy bet Ween the two cases, as th e Mayor had .been misrepresented, and he had ,not. Upon which the chairman rose in a pique, and dared Mr. Heywood to make any observations upon his conduct, declared " he would take the, sense of the coun cil upon Mr. Heyworth's conduct, and hoped common sense would triumph." But. we now come to a very cu -riot's part of the exhibition, Mr Councillor Coglan ac tually rose, and talked about the " law of Ini nou r, an d suggested that " Such line of policy" should be adopted. Who would ever have dreamed sOlnufive'years ago,' that Mr. Coglan, proprietor of the floating tub, where little boys wash themselves-once,a'Week--patrori of cork col lar jackets and life preservers, would, have occupied a situation in the town council of Liverpool,•and talked to Mr. james Heyworth 4)44 'the law of honour ? But such is the fruit of reform ! Mr: Councillor Heyworth, however, nothing daunted by such a' formidable array against him, proceeded to justify the expressions he made use of, by referring to the practice of some of the councillors; and clearly proved that they were • guilty of "servility, dishonour and cowardice." He noticed . the various appointments that bad. taken place under the -council, and accused them of favouring. their bWn partizans ; upon which • Mr.' 'Egerton' Smith ed . to know what he thought of the appointment of Messrs. Okill, Ellis, and Shuttleworth ?" Mr. Council lor La . wrence Heyworth very properly thought his brother was not called upon to answer such ques tions. But we would just ask Mr. Egerton Smith what he thinks of the appointment of Messrs. Radcliffe, Wyberg, Curry, Hall, Crooke, and Harvey, who were of the party of the Council ? We need not ask what he thinks of Inspector Lyons, formerly a canvasser for the reform interest, then a police inspector, then defended in a disgraceful proceeding by Corporation funds, and by the Corporation's legal advisers. But as the odds are in our favour, seven to three, we need not pursue the in quiry. We have heard it remarked that although ad veutitious circumstanccs may raise a man above the circle in which he formerly tuOvod,' be still retains many of his old habits and prejudices., We can discover much of this in the speech of Mr. Councillor Coglan, who followed Mr. Heyworth. SQIIIO short time ago we had it an nounced publicly " that a gentleman would descend into the water, from the deck of the floating bath, bound hand and fool," and that when he was in the water he would "free himself, and perform sundry feats," and so forth; so in like manner for the amusement of liberal Town Councillors, Mr. Coglan announced his intention of be- ing " bound hand and fool" at the Angel Inn, and then going into the Council, "r - epUdiate any sentiment about pre-arrangement," and free himself from all previous obligations to the satisfaction of the company and his highly respectable and "important" constituency. There was a trifling discrepancy in the numbers who were said to have witnessed this feat at the Angel Inn ; by one party it was said to' be forty, by Mr. Coglan about half that number. We should think, to use the expressive language of Mr..4lcleinian Evans, that some of the Coun cillors at the Angel Inn were labouring under the " ex citement of protracted festivities ;" but we contend for the principle, and not for the mere number who could be tray such) low and despicable servility. The remainder of the conversation partook of the same character as that we have noticed, and we would therefore direct the at , tention of our readers to the report itself. The speeches (if such they may We called, amidst all the interruptions he was liable to) of Mr. James Hey wort h, were distinguished for temperance, sound reaSon ing, and that - 4 honesty. There was no shrinking Num the insolent dietation of the Chairman,—no evasion of the charge, --but a fair, distinct, and uncompromising avowal of his opinions, and the circumstances Under which he had formed them. But we Must addresS a word or two to the Mayor, Chairman of the Council. The time has not long pasied by, Since this gentle Man was accustomed to address "the people" in Clayton-square, on the corruptions and abuses of the old Corporation, and that in language the most inteinperte, invective the most scurrilous, and temper the most outrageous; he would indulge his hearers with a ►2arrative of such ,abuses as his fangy could create; his jealousy awaken, or his malice suggest. But now he occupies the chair in such Council, and is its character itriproved ? Compare his conduct in the chair even with that of the late Mayor, and how degrading the comparison. Instead of maintaining the dignity of his office, we find him fretfUl, peevish, dictato rial, and despotic. During this debate he rose upwards of THIRTY times, and never did a Chairman say' less' to the point, or display suchchildish sensitiveness. Andthus it is that, to gratify a little feeling-of vanity, the business of the town must be neglected, and its interests prejudiced. But a clay of retribution will come, and that speedily. We hope the Conservatives will strengthen the hands of Mr. Jas. Heyworth. This is not the time nor the occasion when they should be supine or desert their posts. Interests of the highest importance are at stake, and the Conser vatives must encourage the hearts, and second the efforts of those devoted men who to serve their interests dare the violence and malevolence of faction. Our acquaintance with Mr. Hemming, as is always the case when we meet with one possessed of a culti-. vated mind, grows more pleasing as we more frequently meet. We never remember to have heard a course of chemistry more comprehensive in its viewQ, and more lUcid in its explanations, than the one now in progresS in Liverpool. That they should be delivered to " over flowing audiences" is no more than they deserve, and might have beeh expected. It is no less - a compliment to our town, .and especially to our philosophical opera tiVes, than it must be flattering to Mr. H. We now resume our task, nor as critics, but cowmen. tators of Mi. H.'s third lecture :—The episode upon . . " Cobalt" is, like the best episodes of Homer and Virgil, a natural offspring of the current narrative, and the only objection we have to it, is the affirmation that " Cobalus was a lady." If the termination be Roman, we should class this troublesome " spirit" with the masculine gen der; and we think chemists in calling " Cobalus a lady" evince as little gallantry, as the stern law, which slanders woman, by making " rixatrix, calumniatrix, communis pugnatrix, communis pacis pertabatrix," all feminine ? The " grass green" precipitate, obtained when ammonia is added to a solution of sulphate of copper, and arsenious acid, is an arsenite of copper—until the addition of the ammonia no chemical, as well as no apparent action, had taken place. On seeing the nitrate of silver as .a test, with ammonia, there was formed a pre cipitate of arsenite of silver—the third test of arsenic (viz.) lime water, is exceedingly ambiguous, as many other acids form insoluble compounds with lime. Still, Mr. H. justly observes, that, in conjunction with other proofs, it is corroborative evidence. We pass over the fourth, as it is fully explained in our report, and call the attention of our philosophical friends to the fifth test, as it presents to us a hitherto unexplained phenomenon in chemistry.- • . How. 'nascent hydrogen combines with arsenic, we know not. Some suppose that it is because the hydrogen in that state has not acquired its elasticity; but, in truth, we know nothing of its Saltus from a state of combination to a free state. It is an interesting fact, and may lead to important results. We have ourselveS witnessed some extraordinary unions between bodies in. a nascent state, which liad little or no action upon each other in,a free state. The action of albumen upon bi chloride of mercury we think erroneous. We cannot• in any way understand how albumen can convert bi-chloride of mercury into " calomel." We believe the neutraliz ing poWer of the albumen consist in forming an inert compound with the bi-ahloride, since we know that they are precipitants of each other. We confess ourselves a little sceptical as to the "neutralizing" powers of sugar when copper is taken into the stomach. At all events, it cannot chemically, however it may physically, neutralize it. 'We apprehend the saccharat of copper, which We . have frequently formed, would be as powerful a poison as any salt of that metal ; in sotue respects more so, as it resembles more closely the hydrate of.copper, the most powerfully poisonous of all. With regard to the forma tion of carbonate of lead in cisterns containing " rain water," whilst " none" is formed with "spring or river water," we are much disposed to doubt the accuracy of the statement. We know a part of the country where the " springs" are so destructive to lead pipes that all the pumps are obliged to be made of wood; and what renders it the more remarkable is, that the water rises through a very thick stratum of chalk, (carbonate of lime,) so that, if any carbonic acid exist in the water, it most probably is in combination with the lime, forming a super or bi-carbonate of lime. We think there is also a little mistake respecting. the formation of the. tinned lead pipe. We have. had conv ersat i ons w i t h the ingeni ous and highly respectable patentee of that article, and hare now a piece of the pipe received from him ; and the .process of tinning is simply that of immersing lead pipe in melted tin at a particular teniperature. Upon the exactness of the temperature d epen d s t h e su c cess of the operation. If the process were adopted which was men- Oohed in the lecture of Mr. H., the thin film or la m i na cf tin covering the lead would so suffer in the oper a ti on : of "drawing" as to render it wh o lly useless as a protector against saturnine poison. Mr. H. will, we are ceriain, forgive us, lovers as we are equally with himself of chemistry, and equally interested to maintain all her powers, if we dispense with every test but the tongue to determine whether oxalic acid be AN acid or not. • We not' make our bow for the third time to Mr. H., which we intend to speak, as "plainly as a bow can speak," that we continue highly to value his most inte resting lectures. Continue, fellow-operatives, for we are all operatives in our several stations, to listen to the voice of philosophy ; her instructions will prove profit able to you in youth, the days of your strength ; and, in the words of a great philosoph6r, " in aunt' (elate, chin toultuni s diuque vixeris,tuirificos apt-lint fructus, quia nunquam deserunt, ne in extremo qUideat temporc celatis." THE MARQUIS OP SLIGO.—This uohleinan, with his lady and family, arrived here in the En g l an d. (Capt. Waitebqroni New - York, in 18 (lays, on Tuesday last. His Lordship remained at the King's Area until Wednesday ensuing, when he left fur Loudon. LIVERPOOL ZOOLOGICAL GARDEPIS.—The following is a list of donations presented to these Gardeus since the last annottoce,- ment:—Mr. Aikba, No.l, Alfred.itreet , a pair of Red Co a te s; Captain Bartlett, of the Spermacetti, a Golden A gout i ; Capt. Baker, of the Golden Fleece, a Peccary ; Mr. Barber, Chapel street, a pair of Tortoises; Mr. Geo. Ciaggs, of the Vigilant, a Golden Agouti; Capt. Chapman, Prescot-street, three Turtle Doves; ',lr. W. H. L. Corran, Clarence -street, Everr,,n, apair of Muscovy Ducks and a African Goat; Capt, Cook, of the Superb, three Peacocks a n d an Aligator; Capt. C ow l ey , o f t h e Duncan, a pair of B es dnecked D oves ; Captain Edwards, of the Frankland, the Martini q u e Gailinule; Mr. Thos. Evans, Denbigh, a pair of Owls; Mrs. Farrell, Duke-street, a Martin ; Capt. Fox, of the Eliza, an American Black Bear; Mr. Jos. Green, Demeraa, a Brown Pace; M r . G . G ar di ner, Veudle , ton Priory, a Peccary; Mr. E. Glynn, Grove -street,. twa Came- H ous ; Mr. Thos. Hatch, Seel-str ee t, two Guans; Miss Huson, St. P a ul's-sqnare, a Muscovy Duck; Mt. B H. Heyward, Whitehaven, a pair of Indian Monkies. Mr. Edward Hunt, Bedford-street, a Black Fox; Mr. E. Kirkpatrick, 3, South Hunter street, Maryland-street, four White African Doves; Mr. Little Exchang,e-b u ildi n • Exchange-buildings a pair of Red Coahls; Capt. Lethbridge, of the Nottingham, a Grey Parrot ; Mr. Miller, of Demerara, a pair of Curassows ; Mr. Mason, Edge-lane, a Crocodile; Capt. Newson, of the Faithful, arz Eagle; Capt. Pattiuson, of the Birmingham a Grey Fox; Capt. Perry, of the Buoyant, a Red Coatiniondi ; Capt. Peile, of the Standard, a Capuchin Monkey; Mr. Reckless Berkeley-street, six 'Turtl e Doves; Capt. R e id , o f t h e G lace, a Bald Eagle; Capt. Raisback, Bedford-street, 'roxteth-park, an American Fox; Mr. James Smith, mate of the Spernaacetti. an A lligator ; Capt. Scott, or the George Canning an African Pig; Capt. Timothy of the George Canning, a Martinique Gallinule; Mr. Williams, tide waiter. ter. an Indian Monkey ; Capt. Webb, of the Frankland, an American Deer; Capt. Breeding, of the Luna, a Grey Coatimondi; Capt. Joseph Bewley, of the Feeiee, a Pig-tailed Ape; Capt. Bis phant, of the Sandbach, a Tiger Cat; Mr. Topping o f the Hin du(); an Indian Monkey; - Ca.pt. Da - son, of the Nailor, a Ba boon faced Monkey. New Vocai. Mustc.—A. number of Songs and Duets have just been published, the music of which is by Henri Herz who has, iu these compositions, confirmed us in the high opinion we - have always held of him as a Pi ano forte writer :—his vocal music is distinguished by peculiarly beautiful melody—iiiiwing. elegant, and touching. "Stoll Nor!" "LAND of SONG," and " NIGHT AT SEA," - ale all exquisite specimens of vocal composition ;--the last-named agreeably reminds us of the sen sations created by the best of Moore's admired melodies—and .we think it will be as great a favorite and as universally popu- , lar as " I loved thee. in thy spring time," and " We havelived and loved together," ':~Z:i: R)L :^l.k~ 7.*4 - "THE GENTLEMEN OF THE PRESS." On Teeiday hist Dr. 111`Kenie, editorofthe Isii , espoWisurridi‘ appeared b e fore Mr. Hall to answer a charge of assaalt, fee ivhich Mr. ThomaS Campbell Foster', the reporter for the Lierrpod Stwidard, had caused him to be sewn - killed: Viten Obi cas , being called, Mr. Foster stood up, and Saidittnit. on Friday afternoon lasthe was engaged in the Insolvent DebttirS' Court; taking notes of a case, Which had excited considerWe interest; fur the Manchester papets ; the case to which he Minded waa that of Mr.• Moon; the inquiry did not come on till late, and is was three O'clock - iii the afternoon before it concluded. As the Manchester mail left Liverpool at five o'clock, he was naturally anxious to complete the taking of his notes as soon as possible: In the course of the inquiry a lengthy document was read re lating to thelusnlVent, for which he had applied,, and at the conclusion of the case, it was handed ores to him. He wall about to make use of it, when Dr. M'Kenzie, with touch rude ness. as be thought, sna t c h e d i t out of. Isis hand, saying. that he had applied for it before he (Mr Foster) had, placed it. befor him, and very d e lib erate l y com m ence d copying it. Mr. Foster then said he was perf ec tly agre e a bl e to have thedotamienttilaced betwixt - them,,that both might avail themselves Olt ; to which Dr. M‘lilenzi'e usplied, that he would, have nothing to do with such a fellow. What could call forth such a remark he ( Mr, Foss ter) was unaware, unless Dr. M•Kenzie had taken some private pique against hint: Mr. Foster then appealed to Mr. Veuahles, who was counsel in the case, and who appeared anxious that both should have the advantage of the documeut, and one of the opposing creditors (Mr. Poivell. he believed) vets offered to read the document slowly over to then'. thiS Dr. again replied, that " he wished it to be understood that he was perfectly distinct from seals a fellow." Ile (Mr; Foster) was naturally exceedingly irritated at this, and told Dr. M`Kenzie that he behaving very much like a hlarkgnard ; upon which the latter immediately struck. him a violent blow ott the face with his - open hand.. This was done.in the presence of Mr. VenableS, several gentlemen of the bar, and of a crowded court. A gentleman, whom he should call as a witness, who stood near, had Very handsomely come flit ward at the time, and gave his name and address, if he should be necessary as a wit ness. Mr. Batcheldor, who was situated some yards behind, also heard the blow, which would neerelysserve to prove its violence ; he nut having seen it. His first impulse was to knock Dr. M`Kenzie down, but there was an immediate cry of " outrage in court,' and with some difficulty he retrained from striking him, and sat down; he was, greatly excited, and under that excite-- meet told Dr. M'Kenzie that he had behaved like " a dirty blackguard:" He now felt great satisfaction that he had hot sa far demeaned himself as to stoop to the level , -ofsthe ungeutle mauly conduct which the defendant had thought proper to adopt. Dr. M`lienzie, after the infliction of the blow, presented him hid card. The meaning of this was perfectly well understood, but under any circumstances he should not have resorted to so fools ish and absorb a practice of settling a dispute. Instead of resorting to any personal mode of satisfaction, he had though's fit to pursue what appeared to him the eiise4t, as well as the most peaceable course, and appeal through the magistrates for that redress which the lass- awarded for so gross an insult. He felt perfect confidence that the decision of the magistrates would be such as would afford fitting redress for the insult he had received, and with their decision he should rest satisfied. Mr. Foster was proceeding to call upon his witnesses, When Dr. M•lienzie num. steel that he wished to ask the complain ant a few questions. Mr. .Hall signified his assent. Foster then, in answer to the questions of Dr.. M tlienzie, said that their relative positions. were nearly.oppusiteau each other, though they-had in the first instance been. sitting. at. the sans side of the table, with a gentleman between them. Ile could nut have copied the documeut alone- with Dr. M'K. unless he had gone round, which he would wilangly have done. To the best of his recollection the word " fellow" was applied to him, and not " person ;" and the mode -in which it. was said rendered the observation doubly offensive. . He did not give Dr. M'Kenzie the lie, nor did he ever use the ungentlemanly words " you are a liar." He was exceedingly exasperated, but, to the hest of his recollection, theavords which he .used were ".jour conduct is that of a dirty blackguard." Dr. M`Kenzie.—Did you not call me " a.dirty blackguard," "a scamping fellow,".aud ".a low ruffian Mr. Foster.—To .the best. of my recollection, the words I made use of were what I have before stated. Mr. Foster then called Mr. Dry, who testified that he had seen the blow given, but did not hear anything of the pre liminary conversation. Dr. M'Kenzie.—" What sort of a blow was it ?" Witness.—" hams a very severe blow." Dr M'Kenzie.—" How was it given Witness.—" It was such a blow as I should not have liked to have had inflicted on.uie." Dr. M`Kenzie.—" Was it not given with the open hand ?" Witness." Yes." Mr. Hall.—" The complainant has already stated so." • Dr. M`Keuzie then said in defenee that he went to the Solvent Court on Friday, that being the:day with him precediug that of his publication...He had been sat in the court a con; siderable time, and had applied for the document in question before Mr. Foster entered the court, and Mr. Venal,les had promised to let him see it. lie might say, incidentally, that he had not had the honour .of even a bowing. acquaintance with Mr. Foster, since that gentleman had taken occasion so ft ante a police report that it reflected both onhis public and his private character. The , document was -handed over, and Mr. Foster received it; and his impression was that Mr. Footer was performing an act of politeness by handing it over to and he took it from his baud, not as Mr. Foster bad said by snatching it, though that might be Mr. Foster's impression, fur he was fully convinced Mr. Foster would nut state anything which he had the slightest idea was untrue. Upon his telling Mr. Foster that he ,had. first• applied. for the document, Mr. Foster told him th at h e was " a liar" and " a blackguard." He (Dr. M - Kenzie) was sorry that he had forgotten what was due to his own character as a man and a gentleman, and that lie had so far erred as to commit a breach of the peace. Foster had continued after this to call him "-a scamp," " a blackguard," and " a low fellow,' and to use so many oppro brious epithets that Mr. Venables had laid his hand upon hi!t shoulder and requested that he would take no. notice of hint. ,He was sorry thathe was unprevided with witnesses. The only person upon whom. he. could hive called being Mr. Reynolds, the reporter for the Mail, who witnessed the whole transaction, and who was not present. Mr. Foster reise,and . said he apprehended, in the absence all proof of the statement of Dr. M'Kenzie as to the expressions' he had made use of, they would not be received in evidence. Mr. Hall, interrupting, said as Dr. M`Kenzie had nu wit nesses he was entitled to the last word. Dr. M'Kenzie said, he should leave his case confidently in the hands of the magistrates. After a short consultation with the Mayor and Mr. Roskell i both of whom were on the beneh; . Mr. Hall said, it is much to be regretted that this matter could not have been settled out of court, and the probability is, that a settlement might have been made, if a sufficient apology had been offered by Dr. M`Kenzie, which, moreover, under the circumstances, would have been exceedingly proper. The facts, so far as they are in evidence, appear to be these : that there was some dispute between Mr. Foster and Dr. M'Kenzie re specting some document; that some arraneetnent was endea voured to be effected between the parties, which, however, could not be accomplished. What Dr. M'Kenzie said upon the occa sion, I have nothing to do with, further than as regards the ease. It'appeared that Dr.' M`Kenzie first endeavoured to snatch the paper from him according to the evidence of the complainant, and afterwards said, according to the complainant's evidence, " let it be perfectly understood that 1 am perfectly distinct from such a fellow." That observation called forth the language they had heard, and then a blow was given. Now, the snatch hitt.; of the paper, in the first instance. was an exceedingly abrupt act, and the expression which followed was one of a very harsh nature. It was certainly ,calculated to offend any man of or dinary feelings. It was, invpoitit of fact, to tell him that he con sidered him beneath his notice, and not his equal in any re , pect. which might naturally be expected to provoke an angry reply. That angry reply was given, and up to that time both partie seem well to have balanced the account—so far as the use of language goes. - . Then, unquestionably, a breach of the peace avas committed by Dr. M`Kenzie. No words can justify a n assault in law, and, though language can palliate such a case under some circumstances, I can hardly say that there is any , palliation iu th e p rese nt ca s e, because hard words bad been bandied between the parties. - No blow was given by Mr. Fos- ter, and no attempt was made to strike. It is not - like a man saying, " You are a blackguard," and then a blow following, but language and conduct calculated to provoke such an ex pression as had beerus e e o ti ., l l l: c dt is einriviroper and illegal, p art i ct , sly m been appli e d . I a bound to say, that this conduct larly when we recollect that it was done in a court of justice. It is true, that the commissioner did not appear to he sitting at th e time, vet the court was still held for all ordinary purposes, I am quite sure that Dr. M'Kenzie must see that he Inis acted unjustifiably. Though we shall certainly take into our consi deration the only thing to be regard6d as a palliation ; it is much to be regretted (hat a due apology was nut made at the time. It must be recollected that the assault was cornmitted in the pre sence of a number,, of respectutile persons: Although it might nut be a severe one, yet still it Must be regarded by every man to be offering a great indignity. Under all the circumstances, taking into consideration the regret that, has been expressed by Dr. WKenzie to-day, and but fur which we should have been disposed to treat the case much more severely, we think the as sault has been proved, and we. adjudge that you do pay a fine of, sixty shillings and costs, or, in default of payment, he committed to the Borough Gaol for five weeks. Dr. M`lieuzi e i mme di ately pail the fine and left the court. The case seemed to have excited great interest, for the court was excessively crowded during the whole of the proceeding, immediately after which it was comparatively empty.—Courier. TO THE EDrroll OF THE LIVERPOOL ST‘thLt.ißD. Stu,—llaviu g seen a report in several newspapers of the pro ceedings in my case, on the hearing of my petition before henry Revell Reynolds, Esquire, his Majesty's chief commis sioner of th e C our t f o r R e l ie f o f Insolvent Debior, both at Lancaster and Liverpool. It will be recollected by the public on the hearing of my case at Lancaster en the 25th and July last, that I was opposed bt, Messrs Charles and Thomui Howard, cotton spinners and inanufacitirers. Hy de; Cheshire, and that having been prepared on the 11th Nov ember last, on the aiscond hearing of my ease before the commissioner at Lan caster; with evidence to protre the totalftifsehoOd of Mr. Charles Howard's statement given on oath at the previous hearing. The commissioner then said that he had long made up his mind, and was perfectly - satisfied there was no ground for Mr. Howard's charge, and that he then thdught it right to tell use so, that my Mind might be - relieved from any imputation, and that hula such determination of the commissioner I was in consequence wholly prevented, which I was then prepared to do, from bring ing evidence to disprove the w h o l e of Mr. Howard's charges, which Were wholly false uful without futoidation. It will be also' recollected at the same time that it was proposed that the inves ! ligation of the whole of My accounts should be referred to Mr. flartnood Banner, of Liverpool, accountant, and in which I fully concurred, when, after two dat'''a . examination of my ac counts the whole were iubStantiatea, with the exception or a transaction with the Commeitial Bank of Finland, Manchester, whirls was only then dis Covered, and previously unknown to me, by which it appeared that,l had paid into the said bank between the sth March and 14th April' last £6076. 7s. Od:, and only en tered as received trom the hank in my cash memorandum book As 1 must of• necessity received this between the same periods £3569. 18s.. ipd., making a difference ti s i a e m el e it a ry s . money front 06fro.n8istir2edbank, and having omitted ent7ntohfe n a e n ylr om being;t the anxiousbank. 0 1 7. i li ' dent was done received from them, is the sole cause of the on e i immediately a y tina'teenzt7oofothreeeesiapntreo.f and, which din to clear up Having arrived in Mane t h i e e st m el o ., this transaction, I called at the Cotn 6 I in rem Bank of Lapland on Monday last, when Mr. GraVcon the director and manager of the hank, and-F*ll46i d e olio to give me the dates . and particulars of the sums of money I ha d received from the blink against the L' 60 76. 7s. Od. I sth March and 1,1111 April la s t , d pail . them between the which he declined to do, and oh- I served that the business w• as now over sod it was trot necessaty. was surprised at • • i , this answer, and which precludes me from accounting f tae r ece i v ing fur money so received, which I ain now anxious to tilt— I am Sir 1 your obedient servant. Manchester, Bth Dec D 3 ec., . JOHN MOON. 'ENORMOUS TURNIP.—Mr. James Park, seedsman, of Mil lom, Cumberl an d has growing on his est a te a t ur nip, ( g reen . top) of the following extraordinary dimensions; circuutference„ 31 inches, height, 27 inches. He has also on one acre of ground