The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-10-29 00:00:00

Oct. 29,1814. _o n .atu LuShton , of a COgO le: The C a., If the nam e War ce, stated, Shaw a nd est that conte,tdea s, had en n -took tha ow f o r ht 3 e distta ° '' can r ' coa• Hen's ice, au t "; and indu ct , bed 11 1;1 t he otiw f the es se ' he t Ins to of S ' ORS' HOME, REGISTRY, AND SAVINGS BANK. estab A Public meeting, for th e purpose o f promo ti ng th e lishment, in this port, of a Sailors' Home, Registry, and Savings' Bank for seamen, was held in the Sessions house, at one o'clock on Friday. There was a very nu tutrouS attendance', among whom were a considerable 4, n°4 (if the l ea di ng merchants and sh i powners. T he '7 h t ing was conv ene d b y t h e M ayor, upon a requ i s i t i on. e 11 1AY011,- in opening the p rocee di ng s, expressed the great pleasure he felt in having assembled the meeting, and his conviction that, if the objects in view were carried th - eV would he materially advantageous to the class ' w hose ➢interests (lacy all desired to promote. He.had that taorrnes received a note from Sir Howard Douglas, highly a, PProving of the purpose for which the .meeting was being !e t ' i n d o i and he was suie that if Lord Sandon had been aware. :at was taking place, he also would have expres. , ed ,deea,PPt'obation of the subject. His Lordship had, in w.,n. a ready done so upon a previous occasion, as was T. kffhwn to the members of the provieionial committee. wit'.lr;A.DAm HoricsoN moved the first resolution, which, Th e 1 "e others, will be found in our advertistng columns. a el meeting related to the social and moral condition of sia s a r s of the community whose claims to earnest con at on an d d sympathy no man would dare to deny, intrepidity, man be inc eep lued to dispute. To their valour and hut to th e i r energy and enterpr i se, we owe d muc h ; their social had b een t h e return made to them ? What was eoeial and moral condition in this extensive country, and in this our native town ? They had a bome, to be Sur e , but it were 0.1 w as .` upon the sleep ;" and how few of them (eb Y e , e ill ne alit ho knew anything of the cemfort, d secuity, or the sanctity of a home t on sho . re. land ra.)- They returned from time to time from foreign turn s into the bbsoin of their own country, but they re entred t( e ) b r e Pillaged, and plundered. and ensnared, atul into al4e ." oy harpies who were ever watching to get them haal l :_ he 'r PoWer earned.he they were robbed of all they' to rnoirooriously ., Besties this, they were exposed eio n ,t e al te tnntations, to which, from their peculiar cir woo-',free', they were most likely to be a prey ; and he fo eg ask what was the reason these evils had . been so puipe.rmitted to exist in this town ? It was because the and ` s) '.. 4 ad not been sufficiently alive to their magnitude, th eta .. w `T' i nse of the shipowners uot daring to encounter con e ,. hoot the support of the pliant!. They must not shs a „q t, 'Tr% themselves that the public had a right to het r esponsibility of the neglect with which the lainttdletthoe Ue,ll treated ; for they were our fellow-men, were our fellow-countrymen, altaough they had thi ng; , b d n with any of our national privileges. Some nisi° "'ever, bad been done with regard to making pro- Yeaa o for their religious worship ; for between 25 and 30 seat ers g 0 flouting chapel was established by the Dis ler ti • The Mariner's Church had since been opened tin a' ° 'e of a different communion, and he rejoiced to iristiKt_that inestimable blessings had flowed from those be ''''Dns to the sailors of the port. To make these w iZ e n ti, t . ! still more useful, there wanted a home for seamen th e Ai they returned from a voyage ; and, alter supporting . ti of such 'an institution by a variety of consid7a- I\Jr. Hodson concluded by moving the resolution. f ated • ItosteroN seconded the proposition , and cortgratui the merchants of Liver p( o': that the day bad a "Oh arrived when this important subject was about to tilleet•due consideration. Mr. Hodgson bad alluded to r e Painful d( tails of the routine duty which daily en- O ' ;1- e , u1 his (Mr. Rushton's) attention, in which the claims e nn e righ:s and wrorws of sailors formed a very large f e , - ", rt iOn• A sailor7as had been truly observed. had - re ''' . the endearments of home, and when he arrived er ( 0 ) ;;; e a in a port like Liverpool, the dock quays were w a i - o l 'd win]) boarding-house keepers, and slopsellers, a sh ,`"ig for his landing. The• moment he put his foot .lire he was in th e i r arms . B e i n g destitute of ready tn"Y, a loan was procured from the tailor on the seetl gararof the boardi ng -h ouse k eeper , who mortgaged his h a n i Me first quarter o f an h our a f te r he went to his hi:e' t4tQn • lie was charged extravagantly for his food, g rYteiriptat'on that could be found was placed within --re e , iv a 'n , and, when the period had arrived at which he tee pe ( ' his wages. all was gone. 11v. , boarding-house le a „ r w ent with hi m t o th e coun ting• bouseto receive his t b' 1:; w es i t i s e,h were shared with the slopselle.r, and thus itittl l 4 e - , a _,' lo l* was deprived of all. And this was not : encou, 4 uvarie- was made to the sailor; he was again and in a L e . d to go - on in his reckless 'and dissipated career, no alt. course of a week or ten days,' he found he had but th c s r s n ative presented to hint by the . boarding master Win ch " of turning out in the street without his clothes, thee te we 'e held as security for the new debt. He was. yes ae itn r ned naked into the street to pet on boat d any could to to se t—any ye' sel Where the largest advance oa ts " °e obtained, and two month's labour was thus Te ee g a ged to be given to these people again. (Hear) ta ta ii',:_he property of sailms was frequently tost to the d ir On et ,,,bY false - -. and ftaudulent wills bring produce . }Al a n*" these grounds he stron , ly recommended the esta thel.l.-il of an it stuntion like the one proposed, where prlylPrly sailor would be prevnled for and have his interests watched over —The resolution was carried. he r• Arnie; op the net resolution. entering, in tsecalrse of a i l ong address, ix to a great number of de pos7l.,cunnected with the intended in,thution, and ea t() al . In a powerful manner,' the frightful treatment e e , 'Leh a seaman, unknown and without friends, was ne . - h liable in a port like Liverpool, where no public i'l't.tutinn existed. i-le congia , utated the -meeting upon v o e itntnediate prospect of its operation. The Corpora t-iLll,et.ta. given use land, imd belore he entered the meet -11,7,1" foiind that twenty gentlemen had put down- . their l - c e s for XlOO each, set e al for .E5O, on of whom signed a ethers for smaller amounts. tle had no doubt th: lth at, having the approbation of the Corporation and k ommitte, and the spport of the public, •this ailiderl last ` onna v ould e riqt rapidly, u and be a roost valusble tt~rt' to out: put l'c iesttutiona. teeus Wreansio POTTgtt. in seconding the resolution, oecatrion ed that th e most pa i nfu l cireurnitance that eret , tied to hi nt i n t h e conduct of mercantile affairs, was v "e' t he Pay-day earn aeof a ship returning from a distant :which ought to he a day of joy amid gratification. ~,14%knowledge that as the men received their money, the o ' f e.tias surrounded by people lurking abOut for the sake plungetu ! , tistering, to their extravagance —if - not for actual a st. And after his receits bed been completeli ex assutiiruaare,,edf., ehnezia,s, Obliged to pledge his clothes, for the g upon a new voyage. Whatever remon teea b Counsel he (M r . P.) h a d ocatis i o n a ll V given ilit to°; they Uo t tr had always fallen short for the want of t o h t i n s ie. isti to :Pw thine a remedy and a better example, but rignt to give iiptt l i e md t'oPed, would prove both one told the be n tiied he was sure they had no into parliament lasth'se. Mr. Potter (o ar) n igh as a hopeless one. (Hear, hear. e ted attention to a bid introduced rice funds at the e in f il a r s :on, which proposed that the tea- This This measure, he said, " ports should be consolidated. vean. Socieey, whi c h now ke Would be unjust to the 1 parish, and had a fund P t shout 1500 people from the ous set f 4 :5 0,000. Other ports in yarn 1 3, s a England, i seamen .had bad not a twentwiet'lli • it would be a manifest inPjaupt. a Proportionate number of s t i of that amount, there iee to throw the funds 4112gether. The refolution was cas ried. - 4 11 e Rev llUcit M'NEILE, on r i s ing, was received worthihtremendous applauae. Aft er a f ew open i n g re m arks ai:-n7nrch he p a id a d eserved compliment to Mr. James 'th, the rev . gent l eman read a long list of particuLtrs, j e e n n i which it appe are d t h at t h e fi rs t an d inanted ate ob '6-8 Of the Institution would be to provide for seamen Ch ard, lodai n g and medical attendance, at a modem e "r ge• n continued as follows :—lt will not be VPected—it would, indeed, not be tolerated, and I e a n m l a a i 'llY to think it is not at all necessary that I should • ge u p o n •11 tl •I will confine myself to some te all these points, Wee:4l observations on particular and important points. filet a' of course, unwilling to excite any needless hoF th, 5 in any class; and therefore I think it desirable, in 504 .ir3t instance, to cad attention to the matter of board h a I '. l 4itig, which forma specific part of our plan. t, v 'ever capacious the intended plan may be, and I hope see it c onta i n several hundreds, yet still the number of ti7nien who can h e rece i ved as inmates, compa e red with .a number frequenting the port, must, at the Largest, be `mull proportion ; and we have no wish to with haw f roca respectable and properly-kept led lung-houses se et ; e seame n who have already made accoaintance with acn: e(l leer, hear.) It is no part of the plan that. the gis t ",'''ges to be derived from the savings' hank and re eter-01 6 :arecter should be confined to the inmates of t tl; , r :n e " l t - n 4 11 ::* This will be open to all; and, therefore, I ge " . 'tk eir, we have good reason to expect that really re. lodging -house keepers—men who wish to corr atetet true benefit of the seaman with their own fair neornisttiniate profits—will hail us as allies—(hear, hear ! ) c e ine s c o - operate • with us, instead of harbouring. suapt lt w i,',?od endeavouring to thwart our benevolent . designs.. , fr ero `,")e their interest so to do. There is, indeed, a class b c f ‘ l 'Ont we must calculate upon hostility, because, sir, toi - v ;;,, r "-hf fact, it is impossible to take any efficient step th e :" the iirip , rovernent of the character or condition of to ai ear eett without placing ourselves in direct antagonism ' all ud e ‘1 and mischief of the men I now. allude to. I Who t °, those designing men, aided by abandoned women, the by lit wait ta ensnare the returning seaman, to entice th, 'Y the cravings of his animal passions to plun . ge in.o ' l tnlit °4 Ystos of licentiousness and the brutalities of dotedi,n`ness until he is either robbed of his wages, or In is fi,. nn ) sPsn ' d it in amanner akin to robbery ; and, when he to ti ced, acid his clothes and watch have found their way te%to e l t e Pawobreker for the satisfaction of the lodglng ee,ener, then to cast him out upon the streets to the t e o e . mercies of some shipping master, who exacts on lo n , w , °7 tgage •of Jack's next voyage before he will pass aaff n" a shippe r and get him once more afloat. (Hear, tlen e nn " e 'rv-) I said abandoned women; and when I used ri;eili:l,,.erd., I meant the expression as descriptive rather of cha t : e ",'Plo:able condition than as reproachful of their Poor, unhappy creatures! they too have been th e , .°J a treasure more precious than gold or silver, and du eer '' u lodonetl by their heartless, mean, detestable se the (Loud ch eers .) Si r , it i s the seducer, especially r t leman—ial sr l y so ca ll e d—(h ear , he ar )—be who tha • n e doei pa y hi g h f or hi s l oat h some i n d u l gence , and vi e tn n t nros away in tietnect and distrust from Ins helpless b e „, -- he it is, who the manufacturer of harlots — (hear, l a n o r-he it i s who degrades to the condition of a harpy he sn r sire is the creat ure w h o , but for him, might have r 4„, a n Ornament and blessinc , to society as the head ot a peeneetable frimily(ereat apPlause)—he it is who thus pit-falls, "'deep ditches,' says the Scriptures, rit tesr :oatt ricks and reefs, for the shipwreck of our me e% bra l , es and when the gallant tar, whn h . a. success trae, ed the dangers of tee deep, the toils q . pr? . - I, aB Led storms, and the vicissitudes of Antipodean coon e, illusT a etur ned, he exhibits in his history a melancholy e i ent tiltion of one of the most instructive passages of an • th a ' ib tory. Hanibal, with his sable host, were safe to w ere - ruggedness of their Alpine passage. Hardships down wholesome to them. Precipices to be plunged th es mountains to be scaled—ravines to be crossed— terve. cnnivated their energies and nerved them for vie sea,id,"nt Capue was their ruin • the soft syren lap of th em I_ indulgence - relaxed their ' discipline, and made (li c ,_n easy prey to their watching, calculating foes.— cn hear.) Sir, we indeed desire earnestly to pro . I tect our seamen from imposition and extortion, and to • cam ourage them to husband their hard-earned wages ; an d 1 ,. order that they may have within themselves the nu o i dm ,e o : such protection, we desire to promote their morale i nte il ecuo.. - ‘l, and professional improvement, and afford theta alt opport... 4ll Y of receiving religious instruc tion. Foe j oio n echo ol improvement it is proposed that a library and red . ding-tCOnls;; that bah of thew be raaado active to them as it is mild be established, and s attractive , eossible to do. For their morn( iPvt , ..l.Venieni it is i - )co , posed that there should be a Savings' bank and registry of character; and for their religions Improvement it - 15 proposed that there should be a clergyman and visiting ch'plain to the institution. (Heal', heat') These are fruitful topics ; but I must be brief. We have lately had opportunity, more or less, of witnessing the gratifying, and almost miraculous effects produced by savings' banks. 1 fully 'Tree in the observations made by Mr. Aiken on this point. Get a labouring man, whether seaman or landsman, to make use of a savings' bank, and you have a hold of that man. (Hear, hear.) Ile has something to keep, and, what instill more elevating to his charact. r, he has something to give away. (Laughter and cheers.) And this is not chimerical. I hold in my hand the last report of the institution in London, similar to that we now desire to establish here. And I learn one most gra tifying instance recorded in this report :—" It is a cir cumstance most gratifying to the directors to .be enabled again to state that of the £20,000 of sailors' mosey which passed through our hands, £4,800 was money ,sent by the officers of the institution. to sailors at their own homes, - or to their relations in .various parts of the country." (Applause ) Here is the prospect which Mr. Aiken pre sented in theory realised in pracdce. (Hear, hear.) I do hope that the savings' batik part cif the plan wilt be most diligently and skilfully carried out. (Hear, hear.) Then as moral improvement advances, a register of character carefully .kept will give the seaman the ani mating encouragement that his moral character is not lost si..ht of, and will secure his reward, by securing more readily advantageous engagements as he goes on. And knowing, sir, that all such engagements must speedily terminate, and recollecting that the seaman, after all, has an eternity to spend, it is an integral and important part of our plan to give him the opportunity at least to learn the redeeming love of " Him who died and rase again for us men and for our salvation,—thet so, our sea-faring brother may, by the grace of God, working in due season, find a return of that practical grateful love for that pardoning love which lie has mercifully exneri-• enced, and thus find, within his own bosom, the germ of e vernal love in conformity to the character of God, for " God is love." These are the chief features of the plan. The rev. gentleman then appealed to the liberality of our merchant princes for contributions for the effectual carrying oat of the project, and afterwards•proceeded as follows :--Simply on commercial grounds the matter nrieht be argued. You Lace heard this already. The im proved character of the seamen—the imprOyed intelligence of the most subordinate members of the crew, and the consequent increased safety of the vessel in the case of accident or illness of the master or mate :—these, and kindred consequences might to speak with a loud voice to owners, and undewriters, and insurance companies.— ( Loud .applause.) On Christian principles the matter may he urged. This, also, has been alluded to ; and surely, sir, it ought to be an object with British Christians that the men who carry throughoet the world the-match. less specimens of England's handicraft in manufactures ought themselves to be specimens of the Christianity of England—(continued applause)—instead of being, as too many of our neglected seamen, alas, now are—profane, dissolute, and drunken stumbling-blocks in the way of the heathen where they visit. And the decks and wooden walls of Old England—her best defence in the day of danger--manned by her indomitable tars, who never struck her flag—(cheers)--theSe might he pleaded—these might also be surriugly addressed, and especially at this moment, when this feeling has been tnade to thrill through the nation. For it was only on Monday last, the anniver sary of the battle of Trafalgar, the Victory was decorated as usual, that our Sovereign, Queen Victoria—whom God preserve !—(applause)—went on hoard that vessel. She ascended the quarter-deck—came where it is inscribed, " Here Nelson fell." She paused—read the inscription thoughtfully, and then she plucked a leaf of the wreath of laurel that encircled the spot and clasped it to her royal—her right. English heart. (Vehement applause). And her attention was called to the Admiral's signal on that remarkable day, when she read, with a full, emphatic voice—" England expects every man to do his duty." Here, sir, a thousand recollections and associations start to 'be mind—all well ca•calated to give our seamen their proper place in our consideration, and every plan for their welfare, and to furnish claims on our substantial gratitude. For though our seamen are not now called to the dis charge of such dreadful duties—and we trust, in the over ruling providence of the most High, for a continuance of peace—yet, deeds of days gone by—deeds, productive of peace. because decisive in war, ought not to be forgotten; and if it was the sailor's duty then to fight, to do his part to preserve to ou; use the happy homes of old England, it is equally the duty of every Briton in our day to supply a horee-for Britain's seamen. (Great cheers.) But, sir, I urge a softer theme. 1 observe in One of the resolutions an allusion to the children, especially of the orphan child ren, of oar seamen ; and, when I read this, my attention reverted from it naturally enough, to the parents of our seamen. I consider the multitude of youths that I see amongst the seamen in the town, and I picture to myself the anxious fathers and affectionate mothers of those young men following them with their prayers and tears to your port. (Hear.) Sir, the poor have tender feelings as well as pressing wants. It bet nys a geevnus ignorance of them to assert that their natural affections are less ten der than our own. (Hear: hear.) Who among 4 us that is not a parent—l believe I ought to say, who, that is not as merino . , can adequately enter into the feelings of a mother for her sailor boy. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) She dreads the sea, 'tis true; but she dreads the shore still more. She fancies her dear child taking his turn of duty on the deck or in the rigging, and then turning into his hammock, and, through all this. her heart can litieer with him, and she can surround him with the shelter of her prayers. But when he comes - on shore, and she attempts to trace his steps—alas ! her heart sinks at the too probable a pert, her prayer falters, and she , would fain dismiss, if pesdble, the thought of him alto gether, than endure the revolting association. (Hear.) Oh ! behold, then,' sir, what boon you confer on such a mother by the establishment of a Sailors', Home. (Cheers.) There, her heart •may linger about her darling child ! there ,she may imagine him still returning to hs bed of soberness and chastity ! there, she may linger with her supplications to the God of all mercy for a blessing upon her son, end a blessing upon his friends and benefactors, who supplied him withsueh a refuge! (Continued cheers.) Oh ! sir, this one feeling alone—and with this I must, for the present et least, conclude—this one feeling should more than recompense for every Christian effort, and every Christian sacrifice that we can make on this behalf. For, sir. if there he on earth a spot of Paradise unstained by the fall of Adam—a lovely, lingering trace of God's own image upon our nature!—if there be a shrine into which selfi lances has never entered, but where disinte rest-d affection sits enthroned !—if there be a string un relaxed by the damp vapours of our fallen atmosphere, n t y o of an He a a b v s e e n n , t, itis t a i r m r e d t s e t n ill ie v r tib i t , i , n n g f t a ru m e o t t o he t r tir s h i a le r a n r u t ) en dangered son I The Rev. Gentleman hers resumed his seat. amid loud demonstrations of applause. The Rev. J. Toon BROWN seconded the motion ; and it was supported by the Rev. Rector CAMPBELL, who said the subject was one in which, as a clergyman of the , Church of England, and as one of tie rectors of Liver- , pool, he took the deepest interest and concern. Ile confessed he had more pleasure in supporting this cause ' because he could not discover in it any elements of po litical or religions controversy, and that in the present day was really a very great satisfaction. It was an ob ject in which all classes could join midi the rarest cordial unanimity—in which all could co operate without the possibility of having their motives misconstrued. It was one, therefore, which he had the greatest possible satis faction in aiding by.every means in his power. (Cheers.) The resolution was carried unanimously. Mr. GEORGE GRANT moved the appointment of a committee; and, after expressing his approbation of the object for which they heal met, he suggested that in the building itself means should be taken to- secure rational amnetnents and recreations for time inmates, inasmuch as they would not be unsuitable or injurious to them. Mr. WM. RATHBONE seconded the motion, anti en larged upon the suggestion thrown out by Mr. Grant, of which he expressed his warm admiration. The resolution was adopted. Mr. COTESWORTII moved, and Mr. T. B BORSFALL seconded the next resolution ; upon which the M moans announced that he had received a cheque for £lOO horn Mr. J. A. Tinne, who was unable to attend the meeting, to be applied in aid - of the funds. Mr. Duncan Gibb, Mr. Wm. Watson, Mr. Sandbaeh, _Mr.' Wm. Brown, and Mr. - George Kendall afterwards addressed the meeting, and the proceedittgs terminated about h eilf-mlO three o'clock. CORRESPONDENCE. SHIPBUILDING. • TO THE EDITOR OF TILE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Si s,—ln giving a few sin tures on practical shiubuild ing, for the lamination of your readers, for the further. :once of this end it will not be out of place to introduce a few remarks on the nature of displacement, and resistance of fluids. Displacement is a term in hydrostatics, ef fected by the removal of a column of water through the immersion of any sold body therein placed. whercby the weight of such bodies may with the greatest accuracy he. obtained. All vessels or solids cotnposing lighter materials than water, Such as logs of wood, a ship, or any other floating substance, displace by their immersed part ex actly as much water as their specific gravity, for example suppose a ship with all her materials weighs 400 tons, when afloat her immersed part removes a column of water equal to 14,000 cubic feet, a cube foot of salt water being equal to 64 lbs. weight, or 35 cubit to the ton ; divide 14,000 by 35, the produce will he 400 tons, the weight of the ship. Again, take a log of fir timber measuring 30 cubic feet, the specific gravity of which being 48 lbs. to. the cube foot, the weight of this log-b&ng 14401b5. ; float this log in salt water, it will be seen that it displaces a co lumn thereof equal to 221 cubic feet, which multiply by 64, the• produce will be 1440165, the weight of the log, . thus shooing that the average weight of fir timber is one quarter light-r than salt wat-r, from the log floating cube feet above the surrace. Furthermore, take a pig of .ast.iron one foot cube, the specific gravity of which is 464 lbs., sink it in salt water, •and weigh it therein, its weight wdl he found no more than 400 lbs., having lost 64 lbs. by its displacing one cubic foot of water thereby becoming that much more buoyant. These examples, as displacement illustrations, are of allstiffici solids etit t show at rost the bo apse i i fi t c re g s r p av ec it t y s a re stability of vessels of passage and burthen, with them everything depends, as to their safety, on the correctness of their form, thereby producing regularity of displace ment, which alone can constitute a safe sea.gning ship. It is, therefore, of the first moment that all vessls of pas sage and burdien, should be so constructer, that every section, fore and aft, as far es the cargo extends, should he fully borne up and supported by the fluid in which she is to pass, otherwise she will soon promote her own de struction. Should a ship be flat in midships, and ex tremely sharp forward and abaft, with a cargo extending fops god aft, she has then a ruinous up-pressure s rain in tiiids,ip that will soon disjoint her, from its forming two levers %%ime length extends beyond tile half-length ot the vessel ; the like evil will attend vessels built, either fel forward or abaft, wi.ereby the centre f. , !: dispiffeinent removed from Its nature' ocsition, and the lever becomes more extended : in the former there are two levers con 3tantly in action, in the latter but one, yet the le..Cfpf the one, from its length, will prove equally destructive: .. l have known ships built in our naval yard, which were supposed when in proper trim to swim on an even keel, draw when launched nearly twice as much water abaft as forward ; to bring those shies on an even keel. a eery con siderable portion of their weight must be placed to the foreside of their half length ; how ruinous, then, must be the effect produced from such a principle ! From this it may be seen how great is the responsibility of ship builders, and with• what caution they should act, lest by introducing novelties they might not only prove useless but dangerous innovations. It is therefore obvious that such care should always be taken in the construction and formation of vessels, that the centre of displacement should judiciously take the place of the centre of gravity, which cannot be effected unless it nit ets near the half length of the vessel, by which means the foie and after bo dies may be so rego'wed and equalised, that no section should be under the necessity of requiring support from its neighbour section. The resistance of fluids in reference to shipbuilding is that obstruc;ion which all floating bodies have to encoun ter in proportion to their velocity in passing through the water. Wise men, in all ages, from Hato to Newton, and from him to the present day, have written volumes with the view of giving a demonstrative proof, which solid pre sents the least resistance; unfortunately for the maritime world, the figures given are lilt,' the alchyn - iistS' transron. Winn, absorbed in theory. Many excellent writers on shipbuilding, on every other subject have in clear and dis tinct terms explained their theorems, excepting that of resistance, and wit h . it the principles of velocity. On these stit.jects they are completely at a stand. Many clever men have attempted to establish a theory, models in water, drawn along by pulleys and weights, in which they are ill at variance; and why, because all experiMents, with models by water, as proofs ot the stability or velocity of a ship under canvass, are like the search( s utter peree tut' motion, ineffectual in producing a principle. As well may the strength of a ship's main-mast be decided from the strength of its model on' a g,.e.der scale. Therefore every attempt of the kind has, and ever will prove abor tive; observation and experience alone must determine on the very essential question. Flaying thus far entered on this important subject, shall resume it again next week.—l am. sir, &c. JOHN COCK. Pembroke Dock, 22d Oct. 1814. O'CONNELL AND THE WHIGS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. sia,—.pid you ever happen to observe two boys at tempting to mount a wall ? They both puff and .blow. and tug, but find that singly it is useless, till at last the bigger of the two hoists the other on his shoulders, who, when he arrives at the top, gives his fellow a hand, and thus they both succeed. This, sir, is the exact position of the Whigs at tte present day ; they find it utterly impos- sible, as how should it he posstble, to walk into office, and at last have recourse to that " Jack of trades," Daniel O'Connell, to assist them to motuct the wall. Daniel O'Conaelkand the Whigs! beautiful coalition ! admirable cot pact ! This second edition of the Lichfield House affair is to bear down ell opposition, and overcome every obstacle. The armies are uniting. the generals ere laying their wise heads together, if not single-handed, at least with accumulated forces, they intend to for . ce the citadel of the constitution, they purpose to raze ell monu ments of toryism, leaving nought hut its ashes to testify its ruin. O'Connell and the Whigs! wondrous ass‘,. eiation ! behold the parted enemies are become united friends once more ! the " base," the " bl otly." and the " brutal," are reconciled to their vilifier! and the exqui si:e patriot ! the distinterested patriot, who puts himself to the trouble of robbing the pockets of the poor of £28,000 a-year ! the persecuted martyr, who has become fat under government pay is going to travel the wished for road to place. in conjune'ion with the Waerltss. crouch ing animals of the other side of the water ! where each will bear each other's burden, and both will stand up for each other where mutual obligation is absolutely neces sary. How naked must Whtgery have become to need the Irish ragamuffin coat of O'Connell to hide their na kedness ! to what a depth of lowness must they have sunk when Daniel O'Connell is grit: fully accepted to lift them from the contempt of their mean and disgraceful situation! They are fawned ueon and beslavered by their former vilifier, for it suits his purpose; the flattery has its effect, and they lawn and bcslaver in return. How beau tiful to. look upon is their gentlenez , s! how aluiraLle is their meekness ! the. worm turns not again-.t the butt of former abuse, and ridicule kisses the cheek of its reviler ! What a despicable little plaything it is in the hands of the cunning o!d fox ! what a puny, vary t y, tossed and befingered by the sly old artificer. Oh! t:,ke care of it, when thou hast it, Dan ! Hold it fast in thy retentive claw, keep it in thy tr, acherous trap ; don't let it gotyhen its feet are so conveniently embedded in the mire ; if it could, like a serpent, it would sling thee, and scruple not to tread over thy carcase into emoluments and office. It is, indeed, viewed abstractedly. a lamentable Ging to behold Whigvery floundering and kicking in th, , hole, and calling upon "Daniel O'Connell to lend a hand and help it out ! It is indeed lamentable to behold that great Cce , ar in the midst of the roaring waters of destruction, ant cry ing to the Irish Cas,ius, " Helu me, or I sink !" it is, in deed, lamentable to behold so great talents prostituted to the demoniac altar of repeal! to see such astonishing and leviathan powers sold for golden place—to see all that was once gay and flourishing ! all that \ins once power/ut that was once rearing ifs head proudly above the billows of political condemnation—that once firmly and nobly stuck in its place, notwithstanding public clamour for re. signation ! to see all this beibed into silence, frehted tufts non-entity, beaten into ;gnominy! Alas, poor WhiggerY, let me lament thy fate! let me mourn the disgrace of thy ignominious end ! ThPre thou layest! Whexe ? I can not tell ; but we bear a faint noise, we hear a dying gasp ; there is something said about a renewal Of lite by a di, graceful coalition: but thou art so little the w i orld y c h a a n y ' e t. see thee; the remnant of thy mortality is coffined in ob scurity'!The last•convulsive struggle before total annihilation is last taking place in the political atmosphere. • tr ied in the registration courts; they have tried on the P latform of every theatre, great and small, in the king dom ; they have tried every way, and by every means, hut oi h a s been of no avail—all their efforts have been use less; and this, this is their last refuge--this is their only rema i n ing chance —this is their dying effort. O'Connell is arch enough to make a profession of amity to the Whigs, the Whigs are reduced low enough to acetpt the offers of O'Connell. Well, let them combine ; le, them have their full tame out ; they both will be involved in one common ruin—they both shall fall into the pit too. ther.—l ant, sir, &c. - DELTA. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. UNIVERSITY er CLERICAL AEIVN. APPOINTMENTS. —Rev. Philip Hall Palmer, M.A. Jesus College, to the rectory of Woolsthorpe, Lincoln shire. Value, £l9l.—The Rev. Philip Vyvyan Rcbinson, 8.A., of Christ's College, to the rectory of Landew,d nack, Cornwall. Value, £2s3.—The Rev. Henry Apreece Coles, M.A.. if St. John's College, to the vicarage- of Marnham,' Nottinghamsnire. Value, £2hB.—The Rev. Conrad Makings Wimberley. M.A., to the vicarage of Keddington, Lincolnshire. Value, £77.—The Rev. Wm. Doug:es Lit lejohn, M.A., of Corpus Christi College, to the vicarage of Thome with Sydenham, perpetual curacy, Oxfordshire. Value, A:2oo.—The Rev. Henry E;erton Massie, B.A„ Queen's College, to the p-rp,thal curacy of Shocklacli, Cheshire. Value, £l97.—The ltev. Henry Valentino Pickering, 8.A., of Pembroke College, to the curacy of Kenton, Suffolk.—The Rev. George William Manning, of Emanuel College, to the perpttu. l cnrwy of St. Juliet's, Coinwall. Value, £63.—The Rev. Wrliicm Hall Andrews, 8.A., of St. Joiter's College, to the curacy of Revel,tock, Devon.—The 1-I,n. and Rev. Granthain Munson York, to be (me of the dowes'ie chaplains to the Lord Bishop of Worcester. EXAMINERS.—Oxvogn.—In a Convocation held on Thursday, in Liter II umanioribus, the 11.6 V. Julia Mat thias Wilton, M.A., Feilow of Corpus, and the Rev. Arthur West Haddon, M.A., Fellow of Tri,ily—ln Dis- Matheroaticis et Physics, Rev. Nicholas Pocock, M.A., Michel Fellow of Queen's. DEGREES.—At Oxford, on Thursday, the following degrees w. r.: conferred :—Masters of Arts.—The Hon. Henry Pot ChoLuondley, Fellow of All Souls—Rev. Nathani,l Midwinter, Magdalen Hall—Melville Portal, Christ Church—Cornwall Simeon, Christ Church—Henry Pritchard, Scholar of Corpus—Rev. Henry JaMes Mar shall, Corpus—Rev. John William Kirkham, Jesus Col lege—Heury Ellison, Fellow of University—Jos , ph Cox Alger, Fellow of University—Rev. James airline!, Wad ham—Frederic John Vipan, Wadham—Rev. John 'Wil lis Grane, Exeter—John Hungerford Pollen, Fellow or Merton—Arthur Holy souse, Ch-rl,'s Cuth bert Southey, Queen's—Rev. William Cla4 ton, Queen's. Bachelors of Arts.—William Brookes, LiLe , A,i, Grand Colpounder—George Henry Vansittart, Bails. , Grand Com pounder—John Leslie, Christ Church—Philip Con. stable Ellis, Jesus—Henry Jackson Rhodes, Scholar of Corpus—llenry Robert Smith, Scholar of Braseriose Henry Newby, Worcester —George Drinkwater Bourne, Oriel. The vicarage of St. Stephen, London, has been pre sented to the Rev. Josiah Pratt, son of the late lamented vicar. TRACTARIAN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—A commit tee has been crganised to promote the objects of the Tractarian party, and to take immediate advantage of every opportunity of forwarding their deszns. It was a prelate of the Church, the venerable Bishop of Bath and W.-11s, who first a'lnpted the plan of alloting small portions of land to labourers, which system has gradually spread to almost every quirter of the empire. It is considered probable that Sir R. Peel will select for the Deanery of Carlisle some clergyman of distin guished charaettr, rend-nt in one of the Northern Dio ceses, and the names of the Rev. R. Buddicombe, Prin cipal of St. Bees College, and the Rev. G. Townsend, Canon of Durham, are mentioned as likely to receive the a ppointment. The future income of the office will be £lOOO a year. FOREIGN A.\D COLONIAL. Th . & Berlin journals announce a great rise in the price of cotton goods in Prussia, and that the u.anufactures in that country are in the most prosperous state. SICKNESS IN THE FRENCH ARMY IN ALGIERS.— Tbe number of sick in the milinry hospitals of Algiers is at this moment 2,400. Diarhoea and dysentery are the prevailing maladies. It is stated in the Bible Society's Monthly Extract: that the conversion of the entire Commune of Villefa vardl in the department of the Haute Vienne, in France, clnsisting of 600 Roman Catho!ics, has been effected by the simple reading of the ScriiAttres, circulated by the agents of the London Bible Society. mu-wag EVENT.—TIv: Prase states, that'at Urdos, in Spain, two lions and a titer escaped from a menagerie. One of the lions devoured a child, and wounded the mayor of the town. On the departure of the courier the animals had not been retaken. and the population re mained under the impression of the most profound terror. NEW SOUTH WALES.—GREAT SALE OF SHEEP.--At Mr. Samuel Lyons's sale of sheep on Monday, the follow ing prices•were realised :—Four thousand five hundred and seventy-five head, warranted sound, were sold at 23. 11d.; and eight thousand six hundred and twenty three head, very fine sheep, at 4s. 3d. —Sidney Co!onial Observer, May 23. To PARIS IN A DAY.—By means of the railway from Amiens tr) Boulogne, the two metropolises of the civilised world will have only the distance of twelve hours between them. In the course of three years, according -to all probability, the journey and voyage from Paris to Lon don will, during the greater part of the year, be accom plished between the rising and setting of the sun. The trial of the Duke de Montmorency for the dis tribution of seditious medals took place on Monday, be fore the Paris Court of Assize. The Duke (or the Prince de Roberti) was defended by M. Bet -o'er, and was ac companied-to court by the Duke of FitzjAmes, the Mar quis de la Roche Jaquelin, and several other distinguished members of the legitimatist party. M. Berryer asserted that there was nothing political in the affair, and the jury coincided in his view, for, after consulting five minutes, they returned a verdict of " not guilty." A AVRETCII.—The Montreal papers contain accounts of a horrible crime committed by Captain Walace, of the ship Jane Brown, at that port from Glasgow. A' young lady of 16, who was put under his charge by her friends in Glasgow, was seduced and dishonoured by the captain during the passage, and when the sh'p reached Montreal the 'poor girl was an idiot, and the crew state that the captain used to heat her with a rope's end, the marks of which were deep and frequent on her shoulders! The wretch was committed. EFFECTS or RAILROADS ON POSTING TN FRANCE.— The 'Paris papers of Wednesday state, that on Tuesday last M. llailly, the president of the committee appointed by the postmasters of France, together wilt M. Joulan , l, their delegate, waited on the Minis!er of Finance to us plain to him the st to of their e,tablishments, becoming every day more deplorable. Some. of them were totally ruined by the establishment of rai;roads, and others were unable to maintain the number of hors, s necessat y for the public service, and consequently the communication be tween several principal points was in d ng , r of being in ierruptei. Tie Minister replied, that i e was determined to bring the subject under the consideration;of the Chain s in the ensuing session. OUTRAGE IN MADEIRA.—The Sierra San Antonio, a mountain district of Madeira, has recently been given to pillage, under the following circumstances t—On the even • in; of the 16th of September, fourteen policemen, some armed, and others intoxicated, attempt , d to seize Nicola° Virira, a Portuguese, who, about eighteen months ago, had joined the Scottish communion. Their only autho rity was a.warrant, not signed as required by law. Under these circumstances, Nictlao refused to follow them until it should be light. His neighbours rallied round him; and, after some altercation, but without a blow being struck by either side, the police retired. • On the 23d of September, fitly soldiers, commanded by Capt. Oliveira, proceeded, under pretence of seizing the offenders, to pil lage the district. Some of th e h ouses were gutte d, others stripped of their valuables, the live stock was killed, and the inhabitants either taken prisoners, or obliged to tly. The houses of two English merchants, Messrs. Burnett and Ellicott, were .filled with women thing from the vio lence of the soldiery. It was not till the pillage had con tinued three days that these gentlemen obtained, by their urgent remonstrance, an order to restrain the soldiers. Twenty-two prisoners were brought round in a frigate and lodged in Funchal gaol. TUE FRENCH PRESS. The -irritation of the greater number of the French journals at the reception of King Louis-Philip in En gland is truly ridiculous. All hopes of war, and of the probable consequences of war in favouring revolution:lly moven , ents seemed to be tar the present dashed. En gland has given to the French mmarch a henry cordial reception, arid his Majesty has declared his sense of the unportance of peace to the interests of both nations. This is too much to bear. The war party, that is, the par y of revolutionists, whether Legitarnists or Democrats, the patty of those who are out of place and office, or who arc broken io fortune, arid therefore erger for change;— this motley but too numerous party knows not which way to turn at the present moment, and the various grimaces journals h a s is by which they express their vexaCon are truly ludicrous. parodyVN r e ( r i t n o not the%;f t leaning ti t: the articleshabit of of qtuhoo French l na i't c jh, u r scarcely a parody, and therefore we publish it . " BEAMIES OF THE FRENCH PRESS.-PERFIDIOUS ALUION " [From the Notional]—France is outraged—insulted ! Per fidious Albion has achieved her crowning insult ! Yes—will • :t be neieved—can Jeune France for one moment imagine such an atrocity—the Duke of Wellingt n, who, with his English gold, bought the battle of Waterloo. he who br,ught back the Bourbons over the slaughtered bodies of Frenchmen—he, above ali other men, was despatched by Queen Victoria to wel come to Portsmouth the King 'of the French t And Loui- - Philip shook him by the hoods—yes, one hand was not enough —but, hear it France, and let the ashes of Napo eon stir with indignation—he shook him by both hands! • [From the Sire/e.]—tip hat! was it necessary for the full ac complishment of our degradation that the King of the French should be feasted in the Hall of Waterloo in Windsor Castle—a half, decorated with the portraits of men who have outraged France—who have sAlt the clued of her children ? Had not M. Go izot sufficiently ,egraded the unt _rtuntite country which moor us his administration, bat that with a smile upon his cheek—yes, a smile traitorous to ourselves and our i stitu tions—he must walk in Windsor Park with the man Peel? Dad the ' man of Ghent' forgotten the insolence of the En glish M ulster when he denounced the doings of our invincible Brunt, the iirimorW hero who has bayoneted the Tahi ions, and all but kidnapped Queen Pomare t Guizot walks, and talks, and smiles with Peel in the Home Park ! Why does not all France, h. , aping from its lethargy, chant the Mansciliaise, and grasp the sword ? [V: om the Globe ] —The least that France could expect of the Duke of Wellington, during the visit of Louis-Philip to Wi. d sor, was decant behaviour. Nluch, from the character of the man, could not he expected. No : the man who had been base enough to corrupt the traitors who sold their haplesi country— the man who with accursed gold bought the Batt e of Water loo, was not likely -to make any large sacrifice to decency. Nevertheless, the leant to be expected of him w..s, that during Louis-Philip's visit he would remain within his own doors. Certainly, it was not to he expected that he would have the audacity to approach the King of the French ! ilad he pos sessed the true dedeacy of a hero, he.would on the sadden have fallen very ill, and kept his bed 'luta the King had departed. such senAliility. however, does not dignify a Wellington. No : on the contrary, even before the French King had touched the hiited soil of Albion, Wellingtou was on board the Gomer ; and what is more—as the English prints atutaciou ly declare it - looking in excelent health and spirits !' But France—while the man of Ghent reigns —is doomA to be insulted." IRELAND. REPEAL ASSOCIATION.—This body met, es usual, yesterday week. The attendance was even smaller thin the previous meeting. Among the donations were £32 from 'Manchester and £l3 Bs. front this town. The rent way £391. John Walsh. Esq., n Dublin barrist , r, was drowned, accidentally, in the canal at Huglist, on Saturday week. The celebrated Father Mathew was arrested while in Dublin a few days ago, for the balance of a debt incurred fdr temperance medals. PaESENT TO Mit. O'CONNELL.—The Rhenish Ob server slates that the inhabitants of Cob!entz and the neighbouring towns had opened a subscrirt'on for the porcht.,e of a cargo of Illienirh. wine of the firstquality, u 3 a pl•esent to Daniel O'Connell.' _ . - R. S. Maxwell. Esq.. Nigh Sheriff of Cay.an, has de clinyd to call a publ c ruretiog to forward tie interests of the proposed Dublin aucl Cavan Railway, and has given the following unusual but conscientious reason for his refusal. Ile says, "My objection is entirely of a religious nature, and amounts, in a word, to this, that a vasTt iu creaee in the desecration of the Lord's Day must neces sarily result from . the establishment cf the Dubli❑ and Cavan Railway, unless it be intended (and I take it for granted it is not) to conduct it on a wholly different princi ple from that .which regulates every other railway. By g i v i ng m y name, or conttibuting my aid in any way to the object in question, I cniceive that I should be taking a o4rt io the promotion of an evil which I, as a christian man,. consider cannot be too strongly deprecated, or too strenuously resisted. A LAUGHABLE OccurtattNce.—The neighbourhood of Northumbrrl •nd-avenue, Kingstown, wason Friday thrown into a state of the utmost excitement, it having trans pired that a lady had made an as , igntnent with a gentle man who had advertised for a wife. Accordingly, at the hour mentioned (three o'clock) the expectant inhabitants of the avenue were highly amuse(' on beholding, as Burns would s•ty, "a fine fat fagel wight" make his appearance, wiping his fat face with a white handkerchief, the lady having requested that he would occasionally place a white handkerchief to his face, as the means of recognition, and further stating that she would drive up in a pony phaeton in a great shawer of rain, with the servant on the rumble protecting her with an umbrella. On seeing her the un fortunate man fancied that the object of his search was at length before him ; and, after a few convulsive applica tions of the handkerchief, started forward, and with a spring, remarkable for a man of his fairly jumped into the phaeton : and before the astonished lady could recover from the fright his sudden appearance occasioned, he had encireled•her in his arms, calling her by every en dearing appellation; and it was not until the lady had uttered scream alter scream, and his shoulders were well belaboured with the umbrella by the servant, that he ap peired to think he had got into the wrong box ; so, mak ing his escape as expeditiously as possible, he hastened off to the train without staying to make further inquiries for his t namorata; an:l it is earnestly hoped the lesson he has received will perform a radical cure for his love.— probahit ity Dublin paper.—[This is in all the same Dublin gent. who advertised is our own columns on Tues day last.] — THE C;O r nT FASHIONABLE WORLD. Her Atilesty Priride Art'rl arrived at Windsor at seven o'clock on Monday, learn Chliattlle likmac, Isle of Wie,ht, which p 1.30:: the royal party left at twenty minutes baf)re two o'clock. • The Post says that it irifentiorf of her M ajesty to honour the Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter with a I visit at their princely residence, Barleigh lii, 'se, near Stamforel, at as early a period as possible subsequent to the opening of the new Royal Exchange. ft is probable • the court will leave Windsor for Lincolnshire about the commencement of the ensuing math. A SABBATH MORNINGS WALK.—Suntlay morniteg week the sernity which pervades most country villages on the Sabbath Day was experienced in the greatest degree at East Cowes. tier M ,, jesty rose at eight o'clock, and having breakfasted, accompanied by Prince Albert, pro c-s.eded to teke her accustomed exercise. Leaving the domain of Osborne ficue at. the southern gate, the Queen , and Prince proceeded on the tut npike-road to wards Whip gingham, about a wile and a half distant. The royal parr arm-in -arm, were recognised at the hotel which fronts the gate, and by the woman at the turnpike, without the in dulgence of any impertinent curios?! y ; and as the Queen, and Prince proceeded on their w•dle, many pedestrians became acquainted with the fact that it was Her Majesty and the Prince. UNPREPARED FOR A SUDDEN STORM.—Before they had reached Whippingham a sudden storm came on, for which the Queen and Prince were unprepared, her Ma jesty having only her usual attire. and a small parasol. The Queen and Prince Albert, notwithstanding, proceeded on thew course towards the Barton, then about a mile and a half from Osborne House, although they passed several cottages. A FORTUNATE POSTMAN.—The postman, however, at Whippimebarn had observed the royal pedestrians, and with tie best umbrella hi: humble means allowed him, ran atter her Majesty, and offered it for the service of the Queen. The P . rince very graciously accepted tire offer, and his Royal Highness and her Majesty pursued their way by the Barton to Osborne, over the fields, bidding the man to follow. On their a; rival at the house, with many expressionl of thanks, the postman was most agree ably surprised with the return of his umbrella, and a present of £5. The man departed in no very unpleasant mc.ul, as may he supposed, and was not at all scrupulous in proclaiming to his acquaintances, as he met,them, that "it ass a good day's work for him." As soon as the rain threatened, one or two of the attendants were des putched with umbrellas and cloaks, to see her Majesty and his Royal Highness, but did not fall in with her -Majesty. PAINCE ALDERT'S.AIs;NUAL SALE Or LIVE STOCK.— The sale of his Kny.tl Highness's live stock, at Vl iudsor, took place on Friday, and attracted a great number of salesmen and butcher, from / ondon and the adjacent loans. The sheep realized the following :-230 si , uthdown ewes averaged from 255. Gd. to 33a. ; 160 sou:hclown, 2 tooth wethers, from 225. to 21s. The cst tie sold as foil ws :-20 Scotch pole 4-year old bullocks, fit for s!aughter, averaged from £l2 to £l7 each ; 29 highly-bred Welch bullocks, from £ll - 15s. to £l3 ss. ; and 13 short - Awn-Led barren cows, from £lO to £l7 each. Several lieref.)rd oxen, Alderney cows, cart-horses, &c., reaEr.d very excellent prices. The proceeds of the sale emounted to upwards of £1,400. PROGRESS OF TRACTARIANISM. (From the English Churchman.) In our remarks upon the Queen's conformity to Pres 'byterianistn, we simply applied the same rule to her Ma jesty which we have uniformly applied to her subjects, and we are really net acquainted wdh any patent right which a Sovereign possesses to commit schism. The Divine right of kings cannot make schism Catholicism ! If it be wrong in bishops, priests, or in the laity, to join in public worship with those who reject and scoff at Epis copacy and the Catholic Church, surely it is wrong also in the Queen. " Bat," the writer in the British Maga zine will say, " we did not enter into the merits of the case ; we only said that it was disrespectful to the Sove reign to say what ou did." Well. and we say that it is vely mean and cowardly to try to injure us for telling a truth which you Lad not the courage to tell ; although you kit( to it was the truth. That we have not overstated the error which her Ma jesty made in worshipping with the enemies of Episco pacy, we request our readers' attent'on- to the following suggestions !rout a ccrrespondent who is about, as sound a specimen of an English Churchman ' i as can well be ima gined : " According to the Act of Parliament of William 111., the St:ye ?civil of England must be in communion will the Church of Eng land, or the people are released from their al:egiance " Might not the Bishops exam:mm. 7 oWe the Queen for attend ing a . Presbyterian place of worship. if the discipline of the church is worth anything? " if they did so, Who Would he then Sovereign of England? " No doubt this Act was - intended to secure us froma Co;wish Sove7eign, but will it not equally support us from a Presbyterian one ?" . - This is a very serious, and, it may be, an erroncons view of the case; but, whether - rue or false, we shall doubtless have the old cry raised against us for even pub. lishing it ; but as our otject is to act fairly and honestly l ti waids every member of the Church, from the highest to the lowest, we care very little for mere cries, so long as we conscientieusly feel that we have done neither more nor less than our cuty. We take onr slim' upon the tifory, not upon the practice, of our Church; and when we are convicted of advocating ar.y. practice or doctrine for which we have no war. aht, Either in the authoritative scat d irds, or emirunt Doctors of our Church, we will • amp!e confession of our error, or forfeit our ttie as ENc.usa CHURCHMEN!!! RAILWAY 11\"Ti: . LLIGE CE. On Wednesday a train on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway ran.throngh a drove of cattle that- had strayed ; upon the line, and killed three of them. The engine was thrown off, but no personal damage was sustained. PROJECTED B AMWAY S.—A correspondent of the Morning 11 red gives a list of no les* than 99 railways at present projected, for the formation of which, accord ing to the printed prospectuses, no less than seventy nail lions sterling will be required. Exe oRSION-TRAINS.—TIie Board or Trade have issued a circular to railway companies, condemning the practice of excursion-trains with several engines as dangerous; and recommending that the trains should be divided into sections, to each of which no more than two engines should be attached. RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—On Wednesday last, while the Birrninzic , ro and Liverpool train was proceeding :ions; the line to the litter place, itcame incontac with thesixo'c'ock pasonger train from Manches•er, when, owing to the dense fog, a severe shock was the result. Several pas- sengers were bruised, and one woman seriously hurt. The truck belonging to the train was broken. _ I STEAM rerno TIME.—A gentleman left London last Friday morning week by the ten o'clock train for Fleet wood, where be joined the Royal. Consort steam-ship. Leaving that place at half-past eight o'cock in the even ing, he arrived next morning at ArdrcYsan at half-past eight o'clock (twelve hours), where be left per special train, and was in Glasgow by ten o'clock a.m., thus accomplishing the distance of 400 miles in 24 hours. PRESTON AND LONGRIDGE RAILWAY. —The half yeatly general meeting of proprietors was held on Monday last. The report stated that the receipts during the last half year had considerably increased, and the directors had thereby been enabled to pay atrears- of interest and debts owing by the company to different patties to a con siderable amount. Favourab:e accounts were given of the quarry belonging to the company at Longridge ; and, taking the present demand of stone at this season as a criterion, they expected, in the course of the next year, to be enabled to discharge the whole, or the greater part, of the floating debts and temporary loans, &c., owing by the company. - - PRESTON AND WYRE RA ILW AY .—A half-yearly meet ing of this company waa held at Fleetwood on Friday last. The Directors- reported a considerable in-nrovsment in the traffic returns, wi:hout any material increase in the working expenses. Since 31st August to the 19th instant the returns of railway have averaged £527 per week against £4lB for the prevnns half-year. Will in the last month the important object of a str tuo communication between GIPS gow, yid Artlrossan, and Fleetwood. has been opened, by the running of the new ships, fire times a we , k ; and it is expected that, a fair proportion of the Scotch trade will pass over the line. The Blackpool hallway is to be pro ceeded with so as to be ready by May next. The Direc tors expressed a hope flat eiteurnstinces might be such as to lead to - an early commencement ofthe new docks. PROPOSED RAILWAYS TO H ARROGATE, &c.--The pro moters of the railway from llarrowgateand Knarrsbrough to Bolton Percy do not intend to renew their application to Parliament in the next session, the scheme b,ing aban doned. This will enable the influence of this district to be thrOwn entirely in favour'of the intended Leeds and Thirsk line. The York and North Midlal:d Railway Company are surveying a line of railway from Milford or Sherburn, on that line, to near Harrowgate, by way of Thorp Arch, Wetherhy, and Spofforth, in order to afford a more ready communication to the south and south-e , st than will be given be the Leeds and Thirsk proposed rail way. The Grcat North of England Railway Company have given powers to the directors to make application to Parliament, in the next session; for a branch from their line by Pill-Moor, Borohridge, Staveley, and Knares brough, to near Harrogate, with a branch from near Borobridge to hippo, and for a branch from Carlton_ station to Richmrnd. Tre former branch may have traffic in coal, but little can be obtained in passengers or mer chandise. GENERAL MISCELLAN Y. The Glasgow cotton spinners have agreed to raise the wages of their workmen ten per cent. A butc%er was killed on Monday in the New Cut, Lan don, by his knife slipping out of his mouth and st!cking; in his abdomen. A ferry-boat was run down nff Woolwich, by the Wa terman steamer, on Friday, when two men were unfortu nately drowned, and two others seriously injured. The Marquis of Londonderry has been defeated in an attempt to increase the police of the county of Durham. The magistrates were against it. At the present period there are only three prisons in the metropolis for debtors, and the whole number does not exceed 300 persons. The river Ayle, at Westport, rose last week above eighty feet beyond its usual level, and the current became so strong as to sweep away hay, turf, oats, and even cabins. At Hereford, 413 heads of families have signed a de claration to co untenance those shops which close at early hours, and discountenance the others. Richard Lcach, a sawyer, has been , onemitted for trial chrtrg:d with attempting to destroy the timer rani, &c. of Mr. GrAam. a builder, at Belton, on the 11(h instgmt. The theatre at Beccles, built, a few years since, at an expense of £2,000, is abut to be cmver:ed into a corn exchange. About 5,000 acres of Dart:lto& have been purchased by a company, who hare already fenced and drained part of it, and calcuLte on IFtring the whole at , 10s. per acre. Hitherto the land has been statte. On Tuesday la3t, two trims *ere killed, and another seriously bjured by the ruling of an immense mass of rock and earth, upwards of 1000 !Oita w..4.;Li:, at a quarry near As' ton-under-Lyne. On Thursday evening wet k, Mr.hstrd Cobuss of Cohh•stt'eet, Ash, in Kent, w a s s h o t d ea d by a concealed' astaisin. supposed to have been liis owu s,rl,- George, a youth of nineteen, who is in cu tody. Lord Eldon has scent a donation of £23 to iltr! Com m'ttee for providing baths and wa4-houses for the work ing classes, and several of the London bankers have' an nounced their intention of giving largc donations. WrNTER A.•:IZES.—It 16 now defilitiv ly fixed that a winter , raol delivery shall tike place in many parts of the kingdom, but it is believed flat the subs:diary arrange• inPrits will not be.made till the beginning of term. THE LOCOMOTI'VE.—Just forty years ago, Mr. Trevetl:ick. a mining engineer, em!strytcted the first loco motive engine at Merthy r Tyekil, and applied it ruccess fully to the tractiOn of coal and coke.-----Cambrian. At the Central Criminal Court on Wedoe!day. the Hon. W. Ross Tdnehet was tried for firing at the tiroprietor of a Shooting Gallery in. Holborn, and acquitted on the plea of insanity. The Northern Star newspaper hitherto published in Leeds, is about to be removed to London, to he issued there ; but whether under the s3me title, which will teen be a misnomer, or - under sc me new name, we have not heard. The greatest activity almost ever known now exits in the cohl trade, no less than 291 shins' cargo hating been purchased at last Tuesday's coal market in Lon' , n. The average number of ships' cargoes sold previously being only from thirty to filty.—Newcastle Joetrnul. Mr. Serge-Int Bompas, wiio died suddenly a short time since, left a widow and a large femily in somewhat in different circumstances ; but his professional brethren es teemed him so highly that a subscription was entered into for the hervfit of his family, to which Sir Thomas Wilde contributed the princely sum of 1,040 guineas. CIDER AND PERRY.—These liquors will be very cheap, this year, in Fleretordshire, and on the banks of the Severn, from Worces - tr to Cliet.stcw. The crops of apples and pears are much larger than last year : Is. to Is. W. per bushel is now the price kr good apples at Hereford and Ledbury. Washing-tub excursions appear to he increasing in fa vour amongst the Jack-pochlhg fraternity. The Durni ies Courier states, that, on Frtlay week, the clown of Cook's Circus took a voyage down the Kith in a v,,ssel of the above description, drawn by four geese, in the presence of a large concourse of people.- A IlonsE BUYER FROM THE " CELESTIAL EMPIRE ire —Last week, at the Howden horse fair, the greatest per haps in Eng'and, among th , lse present, strong, as tt may appear, there was a buyer from the EniperA- of China, in the person of one of his subjects, attnied by an inter preter. LOVE AND SUICIDE.—On Tuesday night week, a young woman named Hester Tilly, the daughter of a fanner living at. Ashley-hill, Stqpleton, destroyed herself by jumping into a pool of water in her father's orchard.. The unhappy girl had been forbidden her father's house in consequence of her keei•ing company with a young man, whom her parent did not approve. Mr. Clark, manager of the extensive works of Messrs. Monteith and Co., of Ba-rowWd. Glasgow, 11:.s Hanle discovery in the art of calico printim:, v.hieh is likely to produce most important results in that trade, almost in. the same ratio as the invention of hot blast produced in the iron trade. • Mr. Clark has secured , a patent for ther invention. EFFECTS OF GAMBLING,—A gentleman's SCTV,W, in London, out of a situation, who had been out on Monlay evening with some friends, and having entrie.l into play at cards, had ImA between £1• and £5, returned to his lodgings between one and two o'clock on Thursday morn ing much intoxicated, and cut his throat. ft e was removed to the hospital without hopes of rec,very. CALAMITOUS EXPLOSION.—On Saturday last a !nest calamitous explosion of fire-damp took place In a coal . - pit belonging to Mr. Darby, at the Five Ways, tiow!ey Regis. The number of persons at work in the pit at the time is and rstood to have been severleAl or eighteen,. and of these no less than tleven have fallen victims to this lamentable occurrence. THE LEIGH PEERAGE.—A man named John Leigh, claimant o the estates of the Lord Leigh at Stoncleign, Warwirksiiire, and shoot thirty of his followers- have been held to bail by the Magistratfs of Leamington for a riot and mtrault, in having broken in the panelS of a door, and taken fcrciLle poEsession cf Stoneleigh Abbay-on Monday morning lat.t. Monday being the thirty-ninth anniverqiry of the memorable bltde of Trafalgar, a number of naval offi cers, who had been in the engagement dined together, at the Naval Club House, St. James's-square London, in coma emoration of the day. At Greenwiclilospital the tars en,:aged were regaled with an excellent dinner. a pint of porter, and a shilling to each man. A VETERAN CORONER.—At an inqw st at Yeovil, on Saturday, Mr. R. P. Celtics remarked that in the course of nis coronership he hid held no less.tbau 3800 inquests. He had been a c,moner nearly 28 years,. and during the last seven 'years al.o:e he_ had travelled 36.76 G miles, giving an average of 522 miles per year.. He had pad in turnpikes during thi:s even years a suai very little short' of £9O. INcoNsoLABLE. - -It is suited, that the Quoen has ordered a pension of :C3O to be granted to the widow-of Walker, the artideryman, who was killed by the discharge of a cannon on the King's Bastion, at Portsmouth; and Louis Phillippc has also expressed an intention of pro viding for the woman. It is feared, however, that she may not survive to enjoy the pension ; she remained in sensible from the Monday until Saturd©y week. TUE BELGIUM TARIFF.—A very serious increase bas been made by the Belgian government, in the duties upon silk and cotton manufactures, and also upon machines im-- pc•rted into that country. The effect will probably be, to drive the manufactures of Manchester nut of the Belgian n:atkets, and to have them replaced by the manufactures of Rouen and Munausen. The whole measure is one of the utmost hostlbty to England. PASSING HALF-NOTES.—At the London Mansion house, on Friday, thrte cutlers appeared before Sir Pett r• Laurie and exposed an ingenious system by which they had been swindled out of portions of their property. Par— ties from Southampton had, it appere 1, sent them let ters, enclosing the halves of stolen B•Ank of England not( S. and ordering goods to the full amount of the enclosure,. and, when the goods were forwarded, the remaining halves were never remitted. EXPORTATION OF METALS.—The offi:tial returns of our ,xportations during thejast two yeats exhibit a great increase in the last over the present one. In the article of metals, embracing iron and steel, copper, brass, and tin, we exported in the year ending sth September, 1843, to th , amount of £3.405,568, and in the same period ended sth September, 1814, £4,136,984, showing an in crease in the present year of upwards of seven hundred and thirty thousand pounds. COLLIERS' STRIFCF.—A very general strike has taken. place amongst the eelliers at Othury, for a raise of Gd. vee day. On Monday last, at a very early hour, they congregated in crowds of about 150 persons, and went to tee different pits to prevent those willing to work fr:on, going down. In this way they succeeded in keeping most .4 the men at play. On Tuesday morning their intentions. were frustrated by the vtry active measures resorted to. —Woiverhamp'on Chronicle. NEW POoR-LAw CRUELTY.—Mr. Bowen, an Old COT. respondent of the :nines, has eseablistied the revolting fact, that in e ne of the new workhouses erected in this Christian ccuntry. (in the Bridgewater Union,) females— one orthetn with an infant at Ii r breast—have been set to break stones as a labour suited to their age and sex, and have been afterwards sentenced to three weeks' hard la bour in the House of Correction, in consequence of their refusal to submit to such mid and deg:tiding tusk-work. REVISING-BARRISTEL.S.—The duties of the ievising barristers for • the revision of the lists of voters for the pre-sent year are drawing to a close. The first revision, in the year 1833, cost upwards of £30,000 in payments to the barristers and for their expenses ; but under the Ilegiste s ation of Voters' Act their charges were limited tee 200 guiee as .cach. It appears that tee payment to the batristers, including - their expenses, now amounts to the. fixed yearly sum cf £14,700. More eppealsare expected to the Court of Common Pleas in the present than, occurred in the preceding revision. The New Brazilian Tariff levies duties of 40 per cent. 'on catpeting, earthenwere, glass., paper, and ready-rnada clothing ; 25 per cent. ill brass, copper, iron, lead, tin, steel and leather ; 20 per cent. on handkerchiefs of linen, carnoric, or cotton lace, thread, or silk ; and 30 per cent. on all articles not enumerated, which of course include neatly all kinds of cotton, woollen, linen, and silk manu factures, end it is said that those goods ate to be taken at their estimated value and 10 per cent. additional. The Government is authorised to lay additional duties on the goods of any nations which subject the pro lace of Brazil to a higher duty than similes - peoduce of other countries. SUICIDE OF AN OLD SFORTSMAN.—On Monday night an inquest was held at Lewisham, Kent, upon the body of Charles Morton, aged 76, who was found dead, hanging from a rafter in a barn belonging to a gentleman named Russell, residing at Lee. It appears that the deceased was formerly huntsman ,to the Earl of Derby, and that subsequently he kept tee Derby Arens Inn, Croydon, the m agp i e Inn, on Hounslow Heath, and latterly was land. lord of the Leaping Bar, Blackfriars-road, where he was robbed by his housekeeper of a considerable sum of money, since which he had involved himself in a lawsuit, which ended in his ruin. Of late he had become very eccentric and strange in his manner. h hi l d e d yida tre i l i In.:endue:al inquest again iy n n i e the body of a man named H a ll , who having pawned every article they possessed, she was com pelled, he being too ill to work, to apply for parochial relief, but it was refused her, and he died from actual want (it appeared) in a fe w days afierwarcis. The coroner declared he could s7e the eo A woman het self was literally starving at that very moment. She said her children (four in number) were in a similar state. Some medicine had been given to her husband, but they were f.;..1d that if s chance of employment ir:a.where they were. DREADFUL DE STlTUTlO'N. it — she : y l i r dw . or: rra t k ab l te e e y d4 ~ o pta n hsast F ed r a i ,f d ,t a et y or for bn e r . elie li f r theiMarish, which they did lot desire, as their only