The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-07-23 00:00:00

itOR/CtILTURE The following paper was compiled to show that Grea Britain could produee a sufficient quantity of wheat to sup port the inhabitants. It is now submitted by a correspond ent of the Gloucestershire Chronicle, as furnishing dat upon the Cern Law question deserving of consideration : The population of Great Britain in 1831.. 16,600,000 England 13,350,000 Scotland . Wales.. 16,600,000 The occupations are In Agriculture, Occupiers Labourers . 1,500,000 4,800,000 4,300,000 Miners Manufacturers 650,000 2,400,000 Millers, Bakers, Butchers 900,000 Tailors, Shoemakers, Hatters Shopkeepers Builders, Artificers, &c. 4,740,000 Proprietors and Annuitants. Divinity, Law, and Physic 1,120,000 Soldiers and Sailors Disabled Paupers... 830,000 110,000 16,600,000 The Area of Great Britain Is England ............ Scotland Wales 60,000,000 acres 34,000,000 20,000,000 6,000,000 60,000,000 This consists of / 25,000,000 Acres in mountain, pasture, woods, and wastes 15,000,000 Acres in meadow and lowland pastures. 20,000,000 Acres in Arable. 60,000,000 Dividing the arable into 4, there will be 5 millions acres of land for wheat ; and allowing 22 bushels an acre, the produce will be 110 millions of bushels, or 13,750,000 quarters. One bushel of wheaten flour makes eighteen 41b loaves of bread. The consumption per head per week will never exceed 14 loaf, or 78 loaves in the year ; equal to 41 bushels of flour. To make 41 bushels of flour, 5 bushels of wheat is an am ple allowance ; so the consumption will be 5 bushels of wheat per head on the population of 16,600,000, which gives 83,000,000 of bushels, or 10,375,000 quarters ; leaving a sur plus produce of 3,375,000 quarters for seed and other pur poses ; or, supposing the 5,000,000 of acres in wheat to pro duce only 20 bushels an acre, there would be 700,000,000 bushels or 12,500,000 quarters, which would still be equal to 5 bushels per head on the population, and leave 2,125,000 quarters of seed, &c. But it is believed that since the year 1831, the period when the proportions or arable, pasture, waste, and woodlands, were estimated, more land consider ably has been brought into cultivation, so as to provide for the increase in the population to this period; and which Is borne out by the fact that from 1831 to 1837, both years inclusive, the total importation did not reach two millions of quarters ; not being an average of 300,000 quarters ; and that of this quantity 1,500,000 were imported in the year 1831, leaving only 500,000 quarters for the importation of the six years ending Christmas, 1837. THE WEATHER AND CROPS Ftre.—The weather during the past week has been both sold and wet. Rain has fallen in great abundance, and the ground is completely soaked with water. In the intervals between the heavy showers the air was close and warm, and the appearance of the clouds indicated thunder, but they moved away without any discharge of the electric fluid. The crops in the neighbourhood are a little laid with the heavy min.—Pt:ft Herald. AYR/RMS.—During the past three weeks the weather has been rather changeable, but, on the whole, favourable to the country. It has been productive of no very bad results, if we except the hay harvest, which has, in some early districts, been partially retarded. Hay-cutting has only during the past eight days become general throughout the county, and the weather has not been unfavourable to its progress so far as it has come. Every species of crop presents the most unquestionable appearance of plenty ; oats, in particular, are expected to be considerably above an average. Wheat also bears out the expectations cherished at the latter end of spring, of an excellent crop. Potatoes are now secure from " all the ills the root is heir to," and the most sanguine hopes, almost amounting to cert a inty , are entertained of an abundant supply of this truly useful article of food. Al though the turnip braird in some situations suffered from the severe drought that prevailed during the months of May and June, yet, on the whole, we believe the prospects generally apparent give indication of a full crop. From the cause abovementioned, those that were sown early are not in ap pearance likely to do so well as the later sown crop ; which, now that all fears from the ravages of the fly are removed, holds out the promise of plenty and to spare. Seldom, if ever, have we been favoured with a more promiSing season. PLRTHSHIRE.—The weather still continues rainy to au excess ; and in many places wheat and other grains of rank growth are laid to some extent. Wednesday it commenced to rain early, and continued thick and heavy all day, with little or uo intermission. There is still no appearance of more settled weather.— Perthshire Advertiser. On Sunday it blew a gale from the north-east, and a great number of vessels in the Channel were put to considerable inconvenience, and compelled to go into the nearest ports, or were driven out to sea. Several large ships, outward bound, in the Queen's Channel, were for several hours exposed to the fury of the wind and waves. The storm was accompa nied with heavy showers of rain. The growing crops in the neighbourhood of Margate and Ramsgate appear to have suffered much from the late heavy showers, and many fields of wheat are laid by the wind and rain. The prospects for the farmer begin to wear a very gloomy aspect, and fair weather is much wanting to ripen the corn, which in some places is very backward. The cold and unsettled state of the weather, which for the last week has more resembled March than the middle of July, has been a sad drawback to the prosperity of the watering places.—London Times. The heavy fall of rain with which this town and the neigh bourhood have been visited during the last fortnight has suspended for the present the hay harvest. We understand that large masses of hay have been observed floating down the river Derwent, near Howden; hence it may be inferred that extensive injury has been done to the lowlands and meadows contiguous to its banks.—Leeds Intelligencer. The late heavy rains have been very detrimental to the hay harvest in this quarter; but we are glad to observe that the wheat and barley crops do not yet seem to have sustained much injury. These crops seem to have stood uncommonly well up against the high winds and drenching rains. Dry and warm weather is, however, much wanted. Of the hops we hear no general complaint, and therefore, it may be in ferred they are in a promising condition.—Dover Chronicle. The weather continues exceedingly fickle and tormenting to those who are engaged in their hay harvest, and there is yet much of the crop to be secured in this county, whilst a considerable portion of that cut, we fear, has been greatly de teriorated by exposure to the heavy rains. In some districts, too, we learn of the wheats and barleys being a good deal beaten down, but it is hoped that. as yet, neither has sus tained any material injury. On Friday night this district of the county was visited with a heavy tempest of thunder and lightning, accompanied with a tremendous shower of hail. The brunt of the storm appeared to have been over Kemp sey, where the hail fell with great violence for an hour and a half. At Draycott four trees were struck by the electric fluid, and a sheep was killed on the Parsonage Farm. At Powiek, also, an elm-tree was shivered to pieces by the light ning. —Worcester Herald. The weather has undergone extraordinary changes during the week. Monday was cold and showery ; on Tuesday there was a rise of temperature ; on Wednesday the weather again became cold and wet ; and on Thursday (St. Swithin's) we had a tremendous fall of rain, commencing at noon, and con tinuing till past midnight, after which the clouds dispersed, and we have since had hot sunshine. Similar atmospherical, changes to those experienced by us, appear to have been ge neral in most parts of the country ; but we are happy to learn, that the storm of Thursday extended only over a compara tively small tract. In addition to the former complaints of thinness and smallness of ear, some of the reports received this week state that a good deal of grain has been laid and otherwise injured by the heavy rains. Should the weather, however, even now become settled, we do not yet despair of an average produce ; though, as far as regards wheat, we think this can hardly be expected, that grain having, accord ing to the reports hitherto received, suffered more than any other species of corn. At nearly all the principal markets held during the week, very scanty supplies have been brought forward by the growers, and it becomes daily more evident. that the stocks are everywhere greatly reduced : it is, there fore, probable, that no material decline in prices would oc cur, even if the weather should remain favourable. Wheat has further advanced ls. to 2s. per quarter at most of the leading provincial towns, whilst other articles have been in Improved request, with a slight tendency to advance in value. —Mark Lane Express. The state of the weather is become a subject of much anxiety all over the country. We are happy to be able to report, that as respects Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, a marked improvement has taken place within the last few days: the weather has now a more settled appearance, and is altogether as genial as could possibly be desired. The hay harvest has b e en greatly interrupted by the late rains, but will soon be gathered up ; and the quantity will not fall much short of a fair average. The grain crops of all kinds are highly pro mising,—with few exceptions they are abundan t , and in the best sondition. Wheat and oats are both particularly good. Should fine weather continue, the hay harvest will be over in about a fortnight, in most parts of the country. Turnips in many situations look extremely well ; but in others tljey are defective : upon the whole, however, there will be a good orop.—Hull Times. THE IRISH ELECTIONS When ministers were advising the queen to dissolve the late parliament, we have reason to believe they persuaded her majesty that their policy was so secure of the national approbation, that the measure would be attended with an overwhelming demonstration in their favour. Mr. O'Con nell, it is said, assisted in this delusion, and pledged the influence of his name to produce an accession of at least fifteen Irish members to the cause of the destructives. How wofully they were all deceived we have already seen ; but none so much or so bitterly as Mr. O'Connell himself, whose calculations erred by no less a number than five-and twenty ; for his expected fifteen have vanished, and we have wrested from his gripe no less than ten, Ireland has indeed done her duty. Mr. Daniel O'Connell is turned out of Dublin City. Mr. John O'Connell is turned out of Athlone. Mr. Daniel O'Connell, jun. is defeated in Carlow County. Mr. Ashton Yates is turned out of Carlow County. Mr. Fitzpatrick —out of the Queen's County. Mr. Thomas Wyse —out of Waterford City. Mr. Barron—out of W aterford City. Mr. James Grattan —out of Wicklow County. Mr. Robert Hutton—out of Dublin City. Lord Brabazon—out of Dublin County. Mr. Evans—out of Dublin Cou n ty. Mr. Standish Barry —out of Cork County. Mr. Corbally—out of Meath County ; and Mr. Joseph llume—out of Kilkenny. Mt, John O'Connell is, indeed, in parliament; but it is at Wile cost of Mr. Joseph Hume; and MrDnniel O'Connell also h as a sect--but it is at the sacrifice - an o . d f tw i i l a r c .n o t..\ u i n a t t y t.cor otteeDbar mem bers—Mr. Standish Barry, of Cork, f belly, of Meath ; which latter county appears of parliament minus a member to gratify the vanity, ambi tion, and the perfidy of the ex-member for the cit • Stich is the disastrous campaign which has endediniltilnie defeat of all—and total exclusion of some—of the list of the worst and most radical members for Ireland. foregoing It Is plain that ministers, in recommending an appeal to the people—and her majesty, in adopting their advice,—wer e severally influenced by different objects. On the part of ministers the appeal was from the confidence of the House of Commons to the confidence of the peop . le. On the part of her majesty, it was an appeal to the judg, ment of the people on the three econom ical questions then pending between ministers and the oppo sition —namely , the limber, the sugar, and the corn questions —Aueniny Nail, The Earl of Jersey has given to Viscount Villiers, Upton House, the earl's fins mansion in Warwickshire, as the resi- OM of liis lordship and viscountess, mn. OIONNELL (From Me Dublin Evening Mail) The " most incomprehensible of all imaginable vaga bonds," not satisfied with turning an anti-repealer—Mr. Corbelly, the brother-in-law of Lord Fingal', one of the lords of the bed-chamber—out of the representation of Meath, is proceeding in a similar way to oust Mr. Standish Barry from Cork, because that gentleman is opposed to the ruinous measure of repealing the corn laws. It will be seen that Mr. O'Connell, no t con t ent w i t h t h e representation of Meath, has been flirting with Clare, and coquetting with Li merick, and, finally, is offering his hand to the county of Cork ; has been proposed by the very Mr. Barry whom he has driven from the hustings—by the very Mr. Barry, who last year, declared hi s i n t en ti ons o f accep ti ng th e Chiltern Hundreds, and retiring from parliament, rather than be a party to the ruin of hi s country, by the destruction of her agricultural interests ! Some appear to think that Mr. O'Connell is actuated in his present mode of proceeding by mere motives of vanity— his pride leading him to prove that neither his influence nor his popularity has decreased in consequence of his late de feats, and that constituencies are still open for his reception ; and secondly, his ambition urging him to represent the largest constituency in this part of the kingdom—the York shire of Ireland. The friends of Mr. O'Connell, finding the outcry raised against him, for his conduct towards the late member for Meath, of so strong and angry a nature, endeavour to miti gate public indignation, by alleging that his object in ac cepting the representation of Cork, is with a view of enabling Mr. Corbally to fall back upon his former constituency, and thereby make some reparation for the grievous wrong and the gross insult he has inflicted upon that gentleman and his ill-used relative, the Earl of Fingall. Wo do not concur in these views. Mr. O'Connell, it is true, has expelled an anti-repealer from Meath, and is about to eject a supporter of the corn laws from Cork. Mr. O'Connell, it is true, by being the elected representative of two counties, deprives the present ministry and his own party of one vote, when their very ex istence is at stake, and he is too much of a patriot and too little of a traitor to subject himself to such obloquy as a line of policy so treacherous would expose him to, if he had not some great personal object to achieve. Now we think we can plead—and with truth—this : the actuating motive of his public life. Mr. O'Connell will en ter Parliament with the nomination of a county seat in his possession, ready to be disposed of to the " highest and fairest bidder." A " safer speculation" never was available since the day Raphael embarked his " thousand—say a thousand" for the representation of Carlow. There be Ca binet Ministers, Lords of the Treasury, secretaries, and pay masters, all discarded by the constituencies to which they made their appeals—Who'll buy ?—Who'll buy ? Meath will be unrepresented—her electors disfranchised for three weeks at the least, after the assembling of the new parliament. What cares Mr. O'Connell for that? There are Lords Morneth and Howick, and Mr. Stanley, the whipper-in, and many other men with influence and with money, without the possibility of procuring a seat. Who bids? Who'll buy? Men of Meath one of these will be thrust upon you, and Mr. O'Connell is the very man who can give you the why and the wherefore. He is a man of CON-Si-DE-RA-VON. THE HUMOURS OF AN IRISH ELECTION, The following sketch of the proceedings which took place at the nomination for Mallow affords a pleasant idea of the spirit which prevails at election contests in Ireland : A charge of a breach of faith having been made by the priests against Mr. Longfield and his agents, in bringing his friends into the Court House before twelve o'clock, which allegation was denied by the latter, and a scene of great con fusion having been thereby created, Father Collins leaped on the hustings, clapping his bands, and attempted to make a speech, but was met with cries that he was no elector; a scene here ensued between his reverence, who was backed by about twenty other priests, and a number of conservative gentlemen who occupied one of the galleries, his reverence apparently abusing them, while they were shouting him down. At length we heard him say, -" We are able to give you a leathering, anyway !" which was met with hisses. Father. M'Carthy, an athletic man, then rushed forward, and, with the most violent gestures, screamed out, " That shows you what a shout the bloodhounds would give when rushing to the slaughter of Roman Catholics." Mr. R. Winn—f reply to Father M'Carthy, that we are not the bloodhounds, but he and his party arc the blood hounds—thirsty bloodhounds--seeking for the slaughter of Protestants. Every act of theirs proves who the bloodhounds are. Some of his brawlers I was obliged to swear my life against—two dogs—one Thomas Roe, a half-pay officer, and the other James Mahony, the attorney—(awful yelling, in the midst of which a number of the radical lads were threat ening violence to Mr. Winn, but he stood undaunted by their threats). Father Collins—Hear him. Mr. Winn—l fling in your teeth the foul'eharge Here again the tumult prevented our catching what oc curred, and all we can say is, that Father M`Carthy was reaching towards Mr. Winn shaking his clenched fist at him, as also was Father Collins. Father M`Carthy—Come on here, come on here, and see what you'll get—(yells). Mr. Winn—l know you thirst for my blood—(yells). Father Collins—Oh, you dog, you !—(yells). Mr. Dan Clanchy—For God's sake, let's have good hu mour—(yells). Mr. E. Foot—Act like Mallow boys—act as I always knew you to act —(yells). Fattier M`Carthl—We will never forget the malignity of a party that has trampled on us. (Yells.) _ Linehane here said something which we did not catch, when a rubicund-face priest cried out " Bravo, big loaf," a pet name the lusty physician had got from his friends the mob. Counsellor Longfield—Before the court is opened, I ask Father Collins, will he get a hearing for Mr. Longfield and his friends ? Father Collins—l will not suppress public feeling. Counsellor Longfield—Will you exert yourself to do it Father Collins-LI will not be servant to the antagonist party. (yells.) - Counsellor tongfield—lt seems a fair proposition to some of you, but you, Father Collins, may act as you please. Father Collins—l never did anything, nor ever will, to suppress public feeling. (Hisses.) Counsellor Longfiehl—We do not want you to suppress public feeling, but to suppress outrage. Father Collins—You are mere things of clay ; you have no souls ; you are mere two-legged animals to whom nature by mistake gave the human form. (Shouting.) Fathei - Collins then cried out to open the court, and let in ' the people, when another priest ran out into the street, and told the mob, which amounted' to from 20,000 to 30,000 people, that the tories had taken possession of the left-hand gallery, and for them to rush up the stairs, break in the door, and throw them over. Immediately on the doors being opened, the rush that was made into the building shook the stoutest heart, and even made the priests quake for their safety, though in the hands of their own party ; every gen tleman in the body of the court was forced from his place, and closely jammed round by the mob. Father Collins then endeavoured to mount above the rest, and waving a white handkerchief called for a cheer for the people, which was responded to, and a groan for the tories, which was answered by a howl the most ferocious that could be imagined, in which they had been instructed parochially during the last three weeks. Now the attack commenced on the door of the gallery, in which the conservatives were, which was de fended from within for some time amidst yells from the mob in the body of the building to " tear the guts out of the orangemen ;" at length the door was shivered to pieces by sledging it with stones on the outside, and the breach was defended from within for a few minutes, until the ruffians, being over numerous for the small band that tried to oppose them, and being evidently determined on slaughter, the con servatives had to give way, when some of them threw them selves from the gallery down to the dense mass below, and the remainder were flung over the railings. This did not satisfy the bloodthirsty wretches, who, perceiving that Mr. Longtield, his proposer, seconder, agents, and friends were beneath them, mounted the gallery, and leaped on the h ea d s of those gentlemen, who had no means of escape, as they were pressed together by the mob surrounding them at all points. During the scene, the ruffians in the lower part of the court were yelling on the desperadoes above, amidst which were to be heard " murder the Orangemen," the cries of the injured, the screams of those who saw nothing before them but death, many of whom were Sir Denham's own friends, and the shouts of Dr. Linehane and Mr. Braddle, both justices of the peace, to spare the lives of the tories. Here Mr. 'Ware, justice of the peace, called upon the stipen diary for assistance, to endeavour to protect the lives of those who were in jeopardy, but the stipendiary was unable to stir, and the fright he appeared in seemed to make him regret that he had not taken the precaution he was bound to have taken ; and there he was in the closely-packed crowd, look ing up to Father Collins in the most piteous manner, im ploriug him to save their lives. It would be very difficult to supply a precedent for the situation in which the stipendiary was placed with a troop of dragoons, a very large body of infantry, and 400 or 500 police under his command; but with which, through his indiscretion, he cut off all communica tion, and was consequently obliged to beseech the protection of an electioneering priest, who had at his back a rabble of 20,000 or 30,000 ferocious ruffians, who were engaged in trampling on and assaulting gentlemen who had thde assembled in discharge of their public duty, but to whom the authority vouchsafed no protection. We say authority , for military and the constabulary were not under the surveillance of any of the local magistrates. Mr. Ware having frequently called on the stipendiary to save the lives of her Majesty's subjects, Mr. Smith said that he would get in the police, if he himself could get out, to which Father Collins replied—Let the people alone—don't at tempt to interfere with them ; I know their temper—you are a stranger. Don't mind what Mr. Ware here says to you. (Here again the ruffians commenced leaping from the gallery on the heads of those beneath, and poor Mr. Smith trembled for his own safety. Quiet, boys; hear me, for my cause— (awful confusion, the voices of hundreds wiling out " Mur der," while Sir Denham and Fathers AV Carthy and Moriarty scrampled over the shoulders of those ill the gallery to en- deavour to prevent them from leaping down, during which Father Collins was roaring out to be heard.) _ Mr. Ware—The clerk of the peace has been hurt, perhaps killed. Why doesn't the stipendiary do his duty ? Mr. Smith—Mr. Collins, Mr. Collins, I have no authority here ; the seneschal has all the power. (If this were the fact, the seneschal appeared unconscious of it, for he trem bled for his safety, as well as the stipendiary.) Counsellor Longfield—l call on the seneschal to adjourn the court. _ _ Father Collins—Never mind that hotheaded man. (Howl ing, with cries of " Coffin them !) Boys, quiet. (" Kill Fitzsimon and Orange Longfield.") AUSPICIOUS COINCIDENCE.—On Friday last, two Con servative members for the county of Dublin, two for the city, and two for the university, dined with the Conservative Lord Mayor, a circumstance which has not occurred before, we believe, since the battle of the Boyne. A PATRIOTIC ROMAN CATIFIOLIC.—Mr. Mackay, the re spectable Roman catholic barrister of Dublin, has given the following reasons for voting. at the city of Dublin election for the conservative candidates, West and Grogan. They should be printed in letters of gold, in juita.position with the judgment of Sir Michael O'Loghlen, in the case of the tyrant Earl Fitzwilliam against the Rev. Henry Moore. The Roman catholics of Ireland may well be proud of such men as O'Loghlen and Mackay ; they are a credit to the country which gave them birth ---" First—To mark his abhorrence of the conduct of ministers in perpetrating one of the vilest and most flag itious jobs ever committed bv any ministry—the appointment of the present Chancellor, thereby saddling this impoverished country with the payment of £lOOO a year during his life, for doing literally nothing. Secondly, be cause he (Mr. M.) had not patience to listen to persons pro fessing liberality, and eternally boasting of their love of country, who are at the same time avowed advocates for the repeal of the corn laws—laws which, if repealed, would be the destruction of this country, a country pre-eminently agri cultural, eighty o f every h un d re d o f it s i n h a bit a nts deri v i ng their ,a support a lt oget h er f rom agr i cu l ture . I n hi s (M r . Mac ka opinion, th ere f ore , such repealers were the worst enemies t of their country, infinitely worse than any Sassenach that ever his s o d d e t t h e o shore ie s t T ly h iirndtleyr,fehr interference taetd elections ashe did ; to mark h for he looked upon the interference of clergymen at elections i to be dire c tl y contra their solemn declarations on taking holy orders ; andin stead io messengers and promot :)f being, as they ought to be, the of peace and good-will among men, they became, by su con duct, ct, the pests and firebrands of society. As a Roman catho lic he interferencewith tl a i n e d m tn os . t indignant contempt, such unchristian .rnlsmE dictation." WRECK OF THE SHIP SAMPSON, OFF NEW FOUNDLAND. THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM A PASSENGER, WHO SAILED ON BOARD THE SHIP SAMSON, BOUND TO NEW-YORK FROM LONDON. " We left Portsmouth on the l e t o f May, and had unfa vourable winds until the 28th, when the fogs, which had been thick for five days, became so dense that we could not see our sails. At six o'clock, being below in our berths, we were alarmed by the cry of " Breakers a-head !" I immediately rushed on deck, but the scene I cannot describe. It was too evident that we must strike, for the ship was hemmed in by breakers, and at the moment, the fog lifting a little, we saw land about 700 fathoms distant. This was a joyfill sight to those who had been much frightened. The first shock being over, Captain Smith told me to go to a rope and help the sea men in launching the boats, and one was immediately sent in charge of the second mate to discover what sort of place it was, and if any inhabitants, and while it was gone the ship struck. This is a sensation which you must feel to comprehend ; the ship seemed to shake in every board, and the masts tottered. The captain ordered one of the men to stand with axe in hand at the foot of the mizen-mast, and cut immediately he gave the word, but the ship righted, and by this time the boat had returned, the second mate stating that the place appeared to be a rock or island, for they had walked two miles, and it appeared to be leading them round. The passengers—that is, the women and children —were then landed first, some of the men, mere children in point of moral courage, almost crying to be allowed to go in the boat, for the ship kept striking every five minutes, and it was necessary to hold fast by something to be enabled to stand on deck. All the pas sengers were landed, and had begun to make fires on the rock or island, the place being about six miles round, and having a projecting head, but of which, in consequence of the thickness of the fog, we could see nothing when we left the ship. The ladies were all lying on the mattresses which had been sent on shore for them ; the men were some round the fires, others straining their eyes to see if they could de scry our boat, and when the captain landed, they gave us three cheers. I shall never forget this scene—the fires were flaming above the trees, and every minute a tree would fall into the flames. There now came on a heavy rain, which soaked me to the skin ; so we lay down on the soft ground, and were thankful to find ourselves on anything firmer than water, and I slept well for five hours. But now comes the most disgraceful scene in the midst of our sufferings. Most of the crew were blacks, and the moment we struck, the liquor was their only object of solicitude. They begged it of the passengers, whom I entreated not to give it, and got all I could and threw it overboard. They then went to the steward's stores and demanded some, but the captain gave the steward a brace of pistols and desired him to shoot the first man who broke into the liquor-room : however, they managed somehow to get enough to make them all drunk, and in the night they took one of the boats and got on board the ship, when. they broke open nearly all • the passengers' boxes. Farebrother had advised me to put on my best suit in case the ship should go down in the night, which I did, and was fortunate enough to save £5 and my letters, my little book-box having . been overlooked by them, together with a trunk containing my linen, and some parcels. Poor Farebrother was cleared completely out, not having been left so much as a shirt. Captain Smith himself had been robbed in the night of a case of jewellery and two gold watches, worth 700 dollars ; and one of the cabin ladies (a countess) lost a case of the same, worth £3OO. The next morning we were espied by fishermen, who came to our assistance, and we all re-embarked, the ship having drifted off the rocks in the night, the fishermen acting as pilots. The ship had now anchored with seventy fathoms of chain, which we were obliged to let go, not being able to weigh it, and we got once more out to sea, steering for Whitehead Harbour, near Cape Cause. We struck twice again getting out. Shortly after Captain Smith came to me and said, " Brown, you see that headland which projects out ? I want about five volunteers to take a boat and stop on the corner of that, and make a fire all night, as we shall have to get round it, which I do not think can be done to-night, and I shall not trust to the fishermen, and as if I have a fire there, I shall be enabled to avoid the rocks." Farebrother and myself accordingly went, and, took three of the steerage passengers (countrymen) with us to chop the trees, and two seamen. There was a heavy sea, and it rained incessantly, but we_ landed at dusk, the two sailors returning with the boat, leaving us there with a codfish which happened to be in the boat. We remained till 10 o'clock next morning, when a fishing-boat took us again on board,. Captain Smith cordially thanking us, telling us we had materially contributed to save the ship and a cargo worth £70,000 by our. fire, for in the night Mr. Whiting, the mate, saw by our. fire that the ship was steering on a rock, which he had seen in the day, and mentioned it to the captain, who immediately ordered an anchor to be let go, and in the morning the mate threw a biscuit from the deck into the breakers—a narrow escape. By cutting away the foremast the ship got next day into the Whitehead harbour, where all the passengers were landed, and there being only ten houses, and these two or three miles apart, we had most of us for the first night to sleep in the woods, the, ship being half-full of water. Next night we slept in a house on the floor, seven of us together, upon some clothes, for which and some little refreshment, of fish and potatoes, we paid the sum of two shillings for each of us. Poor Captain Smith was almost eaten up by the passen gers beseeching him to give advice. I had. not the heart to trouble hini. But the next day, all the cabin passengers having gone to Halifax by . a schooner which they engaged themselves, Captain Smith sent for me and Farebrother, and we were made as comfortable for that night as the cabin would afford ; for we had not had our clothes off for eight days, and were wet thiough almost every day. Here we re mained till a brig and a schooner were brought to take us and the cargo on. Farebfother took his passage in the schooner, fearful that the news of our misfortune might reach his wife. I waited for the brig which was to take the re maining passengers. We started by the brig on Saturday morning, with a fair wind for New York, having parted with Captain Smith, win; was obliged to delay in consequence of the folly of one of the passengers, who had made affidavit that it was his intention to have wrecked the ship. On. Sun day' morning about 7 o'clock, while in bed, we heard a most tremendous crash, the women again screaming with alarm, and. on getting on deck found that both topmasts had been blown away, which compelled us to put about and.steer once more for Halifax, which we reached after beating about for a week. Several of the passengers now quitted the brig, having had enough for the present, but I shall sail again to night for New York." . . NORTHERN CIRCUIT YORK—MoNDAy, JULY 19. CROWN SlDE.—(Before Mr. Justice WIGIITMAN.) AWFUL MURDER. John Burlington, Henry Nuttall, and Charles Gill were put to the bar to take their trial upon an indictment which charged them with the wilful murder of Joseph Cocker, at Knaresborough, on the Mth day of June last. Mr. Knowles. assisted by Mr. Martin, conducted the case on the part of the Crown. Mr. Wilkins defended the pri soner Nuttall, and Mr. Newton Burlington and Gill. The case having been previously appointed for this morn ing, the court and all the avenues to it were crowded at an early hour by persons anxious to hear a trial, the occasion of which had since its commission created an unusual sensation in the neighbourhood. The prisoners are all young men, and when placed at the bar were of rather decent appearance. Mr. Knowles stated the case to the jury, giving a very clear as well as concise account of the transaction, and offered such observations only as seemed necessary to explain and connect the history of the transaction with the evidence of the different witnesses, who were all, on the request of one of the learned counsel for the defence, ordered out of court until called in to give evidence in•the case. • From the evidence of the first witness, Mary Snow, it ap peared that the deceased Joseph Cocker kept a public-house in nearly the centre of the town of Knaresborough, being situate opposite the market-place. He was 56 or 57 years old, and lived quite alone, not having either child or servant. The back window of the deceased's house, which gave light to the kitchen, looked into a small yard, into which the back part of the house of the witness's husband also looked, and into which they bad access• from the back door. Between eleven and twelve o'clock of the night of the murder Mrs. Snow looked into the yard before she went to bed, When she thought she heard groans as if coming through the window of the deceased's kitchen. She went to the window; but not being quite tall enough to see in, took a bucket which stood in a dust hole, and having mounted upon it looked through a joint or crack in the shutters ; she then saw three men in the kitchen, and heard the groans continue. The old man was raised up against the chimney, and there was a quantity of blood on the floor. • She ran to the front door, when, on lifting the latch, she found it was fastened. She then rattled it loudly and cried out " Ha, Cocker, are they murdering you ?" and then ran back and alarmed her hus band, who was asleep in bed. As she was doing this she heard the front door open, and a noise as if a person or more rushed out. Her husband came as fast as possible, and took with him a pistol. They both proceeded to the back window, and looking through again saw the old man lying on the ground, two persons standing over him, and a third kneeling over him, and apparently rifling his pockets. Two of the persons they could plainly distinguish to be the prisoners Burlington and Nuttall, but by reason of the other being be tween them they could not so well distinguish him, but had no doubt of his being the other prisoner. Henry Snow, the husband of the last witness, corroborated her testimony so far as it related to him, and swore to the identity of the prisoners. One of them said, " Shall we take him to the cellar ?" After he had seen through the shutter what was before described, he was going to the frobt door, when it suddenly opened, and they all rushed out. He fol lowed on, and at the •end of Synagogue-lane beard some persons in it talking. One said, " Where shall we go ?" and another in answer said, " Thou know'st we can't get in." When Snow saw the prisoners in the house, Gill had a light jacket on, and Burlington a dark one. Be had known them long before by sight and person, but was not familiar with their names. After he left the end of Synagogne-lane he called up Mr. Vickerman, the chief of the police, who ac companied them to Cocker's house. They found the old man lying on the floor in a pool of blood, and there were large splashes of blood all about the walls of the chimney and the long settle. His pockets were turned inside out, and a can dlestick was standing on the end of the dresser. Vickerman found a handkerchief on the floor, with which he wiped the blood from the old man's face and mouth. He still groaned, and Mr. Beaumont, the surgeon, was sent for, but he died before that gentleman arrived, which was only a few minutes after the messenger called him. • - In the mean time Mr. Vickerman got together a number of the most respectable inhabitants of the neighbourhood, ' and sent tbein in all in various directions in pursuit, telling them to stop every body they found who couid not instantly give a very satisfactory account of themselves. Vickerman himself set out on the road to llarroweate, when, after about half an hour, a man came riding 00 horseback to re call him, with the news that the prisoners were taken. He accordingly returned and received them into 'custody, when Mr. and Mrs. Snow immediately identified them. They were stripped, and their clothes now produced were marked in many places profusely with blood, which, whe n th ey were taken was quite fresh. Burlington's hands were literally caked over with blood. On the person of Gill was found copper in all sorts of coin to the amount of between three and four shillings. The next morning when. Vickerman went to Gill's cell to carry his breakfast, Gill said they were all at the old man's, but that it was Burlington who struck him on the head with a hammer. . . Mr. Beaumont, the surgeon, on being exam i ned as to the cause of the deceased's death, gave a description of the va rious wounds which he received. There was one on the back of the head four inches long, nearly three inches wide, and two deep ; another on the right side of the head, which nearly severed the rinht ear, and extended to the chin. Either of these wounds was sufficient to produce death. There were also five other wounds on the head, beneath each of which the skull was fractured ; and under one of these was a great depression of the inner table of the brain. When the de ceased was found lying on the ground, a poker, with blood upon it, was found lying across his legs at one end, and the other end over the fender. Before he opened the body, Air. Beaumont thought the wounds were caused by that instru ment, but on a more elaborate investigation he was of opinion prisoner wasN n i t n ta b l i l a that the injuries were occas ioned b y an instrument which dbroken would cut, but not cut clean , s uch as the claws of . a hammer. Mr. Inchbald, who is a gro cer and tallow chandler a t worked had Knare w s bo irtobu him g , odeposed,nan doff for that five the ploy immediately before this concurrence . There tlela r a cooper's adze belonging to the pre mises occurrence induced which not seen for perhaps six weeks before. This yea p r r s i , so a i him to look for it, and about half the blade was found off from the stock and handle part, which was not found • II e stepped into Cocker's the night before about nine o clock, and found the prisoners there then, They went away soon after In answer to a qul stion from Mr. Wilkins► the witue he had never known anything against the prisoner Nuttall before. Mr. Wood, the coroner of the jurisdiction where the un fortunate deceased died, held an inquest the next day after the occurrence. All the prisoners were present, and titer the evidence of the witnesses had been taken, the prisoners were separately told that they might make any statement they wished to make, but that if they made any statement it would be taken down in writing, and given in evidence against them at the trial. Each of them made and signed a statement. According to the account by Burlington they had all been there the night before with the same purpose, but Mr. Inchbald came in and they went away. On the night of the 18th of June they went again, about nine o'clock, and had 5 pints of ale. They asked for more. The de6eased told them that they had had enough, they had better go home, and he would not give them any more. That then Nutt a ll took 'a hammer from his pocket, and struck the deceased on the head. Soon after they heard the door rattle, and heard a woman's voice, when Nuttall went to the door to see who it Was, and ,then rushed out and ran away. Nuttall's account was ithat they were drinking at the public-house, and he went into the back yard. When he returned the old man was on the ground and Burlington striking him ; that the blood fiew upon him, 'and he ran away frightened. They followed him, and afterwards all three went back, when Gill said the old man was not done for, and struck him four or five times on the head with the hammer. They then ran down Synagogue-lane ; one went down High-street, and another down the back lane. They got into Danwell's field. They threw the hammer into the river at a place called Cherrytree Deeps, about 200 yards above the bridge. Burlington then said he thought they had better return to the town, which they did, and were all taken immediately; but that he (Nuttall) never struck a blow, and did not know anything about , it till it was done. Gill's statement admitted his being present, .but he denied any participation in the offence, and said he was innocent, Mr. Wilkins addressed the jury for the prisoner Nuttall in a very able speech, and dissected the evidence with much skill, and argued that there was no proof of his having taken any part in the actual violence against the deceased, and that, therefore, unless they were satisfied that he was there with the common purpose on which the others were engaged, he was entitled to an acquittal at their hands. Mr. NEWTON, on behalf of the other prisoners, submitted that there was an evident cause of contention between the prisoners and the deceased. They wanted more beer, and he refused to give it. This might have led to contention, and blows might have ensued,- and the death of the deceased might have been produced in the heat of the struggle, in which case it would reduce the offence to that of manslaugh ter, which was all he asked at their hands. The learned JUDGE, in summing up the case to the jury, told them that no circumstances were proved to reduce the crime to manslaughter, and, with every allowance that could be made, it did seem to him that it must be murder or nothing ; and it would, with respect to that crime, be for them to say whether all, any, or which of the prisoners, if any, were guilty, and though they ought to exercise the utmost caution, yet, if they saw no reasonable doubt, they were bound to discharge their duty with firmness, whatever the conse quences might be. There was one caution which he would give them, namely, not to take the statement of any one of the prisoners as evidence against the others, but only as evi dence against the one who made it.' His lordship then mi nutely recapitulated the whole of the evidence. The jury retired for a short time, and returned with a ver dict of th,tilti of a " Wilful Murder" against all the pri soners. The learned JUDGE then proceeded, with much emotion, to pass the awful sentence of the law upon them, and shortly, but with great earnestness, implored them to direct their prayers to Heaven for mercy in relation to another world, as he could hold out to them no hope of a remission of their sentence in this. LOCAL NEWS IMPORTANT TO PREACHERS.—By a recent decision of the Court of Queen's Bench, clergymen of all denominations are allowed to preach in the open air, when they please, pro vided they do not interrupt the public thoroughfare. Amongst the books bequeathed to the King of the French by the late F. H. Standish, Esq., of Duxbury Hall, is a Bible, which belonged to Cardinal Ximenes, and which is valued at 25,000 francs. ENORMOUS CUCUMBER.—Some cucumbers, grown on a new principle, and exhibited at the Chiswick horticultural show. on Saturday week, measured 24 inches in length. They were grown in the short space of six days. THE LATE JOHN BIBBY, ESQ.—We have the pleasure of informing our readers, that the friends of the late John Bibby, Esq., a respected merchant of this town, have erected, by public subscription, a monument to his memory, in Seaforth Church. The subject represented on it is a figure of hope, in alto relievo, life size, executed by Mr. William Spence, of Brownlow-hill, in this town. The following in scription is cut on it : IN MEMORY OF THE LATE JOHN BIBBY, Esq., OF LINACRE, WHO DIED 17th JULY, 1810, AGED FIFTY-SIX YEARS This monument is erected by his surviving friends, to mark their respect for his singular abilities and high character as a merchant, as well as their deep sense of the valuable services rendered by him to the interests of the town Liverpool. "MY FLESH, ALSO, SHALL REST IN HOPE." CHARGE OF FORGFRY.-011 Monday, at the police-office, two well-dressed men, named John Anderson and Jabez Chadwick, were placed before Mr. It. Houghton, charged with having uttered several forged Bank of England notes. Constable Lloyd stated that in consequence of information received from Mr. Mozley, he went to the lodgings of the prisoner Anderson, in Elliott-street, and charged him with having passed a forged £lO Bank of England note. He (Anderson) admitted the correctness of the charge, said that he had previously passed three forged notes of the same amount, and that he had still one left. He had obtained them, he said, from a little man at the race-course, but re fused to tell his name or address. Mr. Mozley, of the firm of J. Barned and Co., Lord-street, said that Anderson came to the office on Wednesday, and asked for the change of a £lO note. Witness gave him change, in the hurry of busi ness, without minutely examining the note. The note was sent to London, and returned as a forgery. It was certainly a most excellent imitation, and there was nothing on the face of it which would warrant him in saying that it was a forgery. Another person was in company with Anderson, but he could not say whether Chadwick was the individual. The prisoner, when asked, gave his name " Anderson," and his residence, " Elliott-street. Mr. Henry Savage, of the Bullion-office, Lord-street, stated that he also had hanged for Anderson a £lO note, which he thought at the time to be a good one. On taking it to the North and South 'Wales Bank, the clerks handed to him a cautionary notice, sent by Mr. Dowling, and on examining the note narrowly, it was found to be is forgery, though capitally done. The prisoners were remanded until evidence of the forgery, which will have to be brought from Somersetshire, can be obtained. CRICKET.—A. return match between nine of the Liverpool club, assisted by Captain Shewell, Bth Hussars, and Lieut. Broughton, Royal Artillery,—and eleven of the Manchester club, was played on the ground of the latter, at Moss Side, on Monday last, the Manchester winning by 50 notches, as follows : MANCHESTER Ist Innings. 2d innings. Wright c. Captain Shewell .. 10 b. Miller 8 T. Bellhouse c. Miller ...... 20 c. Ellis R. Garnett c. Morgan .- • 2 c. George Thompson C. Garnett b. Ellis J. Potter o. Cameron ...... 1 b. Ellis Hampson e. Captain Shewell 9 c. Cameron Campbell b. Miller Fairweather c. Morgan...... 4 b. do. John. Cooke c. Miller H. Matchett not out 0 b. Ellis. W. Hollins hit wicket ...... 0 not out Wide Balls Bye No ball 4 Wide Balls 1 Bye 1 No Ball LIVERPOOL Ist Innings. Miller c. C. Garnett. A. Todd c. J. Potter 2d Innings 6 b. It. Garnett 3 b. do. Burgoyne stump Hampson.. 17 c. Fairweather ..... 7 Lt. Broughton b. J. Potter.. 0 c. John Cooke ' 1 Captain Shewell s. Hampson.2l b. R. Garnett G. Thompson b. J. Potter .. 0 b. Hampson C. Cameron b. R. Garnett .. 19 b. J. Potter 5 Morgan b. do. 14 not out T. Todd b. J. Potter.. Ellis s. Hampson Lyon not out The Earl Talbot, the lion. It. Clive, and the Don. Spencer Montague , are on a visit to o u r t ownsman , Mr. Richard Earle • and Sir Charles Leman, Bart., and the Rev. Dr. Buci dand, are staying with Mr. Samuel Turner. N th s ep N oli O ce FC received ' by that O N a E ng gang l o n f f orm comersat ion were having in e t h e n e APPRFHE T° I • habit of assembling at No. 9, Plumptre-court, Shoe-lane, for the purpose of manufacturing base coin, on Saturday afternoon Inspector Penny, Fink, 17, Farrar, 200, and Hum phries, 74, G division, proceeded thither for the purpose of making a capture of the parties. On their arrival they found that the house was the residence of a sweep, and that it was fastened. They instantly made a forcible entry, and going to the second floor they found that also barricadoed, so as to prevent their immediate entrance, on which they forced the door, when they found a man standing before a large fire with his shirt off, in the act of melting, together with moulds and implements for manufacturing base coin. A large quantity of newly manufactured counterfeit sixpences were lying upon a table in the apartment, and a female in the further part of the room washing. On seeing the officers, the man instantly threw down the moulds, and jumping upon them smashed them to pieces, but the officers collected the fragments and seized the whole of the implements, together with spoons and othe r ar ti c l e s of "Queen's metal, &c., used in their illicit trade. When about to take the party into custody, they made a desperate resistance, the man placing himself in an attitude -of self-defence, an d swearing that they should not take him. He was a t length overpowered and handcuffed, when a hackney -coach being procured both pri soners were conveyed to Rosomond-street station-house, fol lowed by an immense mob of persons hooting and pelting. In the course of the day the prisoners were taken before the magistrates at Hatton-garden, where they gave their names William Berwick and Ann Coates. The offence and appre hension, however, having taken place in the city, the case was referred to the city authorities, and the prisoners were again taken to the station-house, and ultimately before an al derman, who remanded the poisoners for the purpose of se curing the attendance of the authorities of the Mint.— Times. DEPRESSION OF TRADE AT GLOUCESTER.—UPOR no oc casion scarcely since our city has become a port has there been such a general depression of trade as that which has existed here for the list six weeks. Business of all descrip tions seems literally suspended, and there is now, in the midst of summer, a far larger number of persons out of em ployment than there were durin ,, the intense frost of last winter. SHOCKING MURDER AT BARNARD CASTLE. —Within the last few days, the inhabitants of Barnard Castle. have been thrown into a state of considei•able excitement by the disco very of a murder eonimittell tinder circumstances of great atrocity. The name of the de ce ased w as Anthony Chapelow, aged 57 years, a farm-servant; residing at Startforth, and in the employment of Mr. Hunter, of Pecknal, near Barnard Castle. He was arthe house of Mr. T. Straker, in a state of intoxication, on Sunday 'evening last, which house he left about eleven o'clock, 'in 'coinpani with a matt named Dent, who had been drinking with him. He proceeded along Bridgegate, on his road home, hut had not gone above 200 yards when some person Or per sons comm itted the atrocious deed. He was found in 'a yard a b ou t t we nty m inutes after he had left the house. ' He had rece i ve d s everal kicks on his body, apparently by the sho e -h ee l o f a m an, and was sadly bruised, but life was not exti nc t. A car t wa s procured, and he was conveyed to his Own house, where be lingered in a state of insensibility until Monday morning, when he died, without being able to give any,clue to the perpetrators of the deed. Dent and two Other *men are at present in custody, suspected of being tonceited in the ofigir.—qai" 46 ° 4 Q - MISCELLANEOUS The Archbishop of Canterbury is making a tour of confir mation in Kent. 1,200 Egyptian invalided soldiers, who were sent back from Constantinople, were retained at Alexandria, in hopes that when recovered they might still serve. The tower of St. Saviour's Church, Southwark, one of the finest specimens of English architecture of the twelfth .and and thirteenth .centuries now entire in the metropolis, is said to he iu an unsafe state, and the fine peal of bells so well known in London, are to be rung in order to test the sta bility of the tower, when a report will issue from the vestry on the subject. Mr. Rose, the architect, insists that there is no danger in the experiment of ringing the bells, and is to watch the effect during the performance of the ringing. RAILWAY RECEIPTS.—The following are the receipts of the principal railways in operation for the last week—that is to say up to the date at which the respective returns are made :—London and Birmingham, £17,435 ; Greenwich, £926 17s 6d ; Birmingham and Derby, £1,257 17s 3d ; South Western, £6,307 fis sa ; Northern and Eastern, £906 13s 8d ; Birmingham and Gloucester, £1,909; Midland Coun ties, 12,930; North Midland, £1,406 9s 10d; Hull and Selby, £BlO 13s ld ; Manchester and Birmingham, £323 ; Great North of England, 11,122 17s 6d ; and London and 13lackwall, £1,004 7s 10d. It is to be remarked that no public return is made iby the Great Western railway com pany.' THE BANK or MANCHESTER.—The bank of Manches ter, which for some time past has been the only joint-stock bank of issue in the county of Lancashiro, has come to a resolution to withdraw its notes payable to bearer on demand, and to cease any further issues from this day. This bank was established in the year 1828, and commenced its issues shortly afterwards, and having given the principle a fair trial, and finding that a circulation of local notes is objectionable in that county, its directors have at length prudently decided to discontinue their issues, and to use hereafter the notes of the Bank of .england only. MARRIAGE OF SIR ROBERT PEEL'S DAUGHTER.—On Wednesday, at St. George's Chapel, Hanover-square, Lon don, Viscount Villiers, M. P., eldest son of the Earl and Countess of Jersey, to Miss Peel, eldest daughter of the right honourable Sir R. Peel, Bart., M. P., and Lady Peel. The Lord Bishop of Oxford officiated at the ceremony, in the presence of a numerous family circle.—Their Royal High nesses Prince George, and Princess Augusta of Cambridge, attended by Baron Knesebeck and Lady Augusta of Somer set, were present at the solemnization. At the conclusion of the ceremony the wedding party repaired to the family resi dence of the right honourable baronet, in Whitehall Gardens, where a sumptuous entertainment was given to a highly dis tinguished assemblage. The bridemaids were Lady Frances Vane, Ladies Clementina and Adeliza Villiers, and Miss Eliza Peel. The company began to arrive at half-past twelve o'clock, and were conducted through the spacious vestibule up the grand staircase, adorned by the magnificent full length portrait of John Kemble, as " Rolla," by Sir Thomas Lawrence, to the drawing-room, the landing leading thereto being ornamented by a profusion of fragrant plants, where was suspended the superb production of the late talented Sir David Wilkie, so well known to the visitors of the Royal Academy exhibition, as the preaching of John Knox. In the drawing-room, which was appropriated for the the reception of the visitors, where the portraits of the Duke of Welling ton, (the celebrated full length,) the late Earl of Eldon, the late Lord Stowel, the late right hon. George Canning, the late Earl of Liverpool, the Earl of Aberdeen, and Miss Peel, (now Viscountess Villiers,) all by Sir T. Lawrence. It is not generally known that the right honourable baronet is in the possession of a larger collection of the original productions of that eminent painter than any other individual in this country. The dejuner was laid on an extended table, ar ranged along the centre of the gallery. It was served up in a style of princely splendour, the viands being of the most recherche cuisine. Shortly after two o'clock the company sat down to the elegant wedding breakfast ; and soon after wards the happy bride and bridegroom started for Middleton park, Oxon, (the seat of the Jersey family,) to pass the honeymoon. Their Royal Highnesses Prince George and Princess Augusta of Cambridge, with their attendants, re tired at three o'clock, and the nuptial party shortly afterwards broke up. There is a vacancy in 'the representation of the North Riding of Yorkshire, occasioned:by the death of Lord Fever sham, whose eldest son, the Hon. William Duncombe, re presented that division of the county in the last parliament, and was re-elected a few days since; he is now, consequently, Lord Feversham. The late baron was in his seventy-seventh year, and married Lady Charlotte Legge, aunt of the Earl of Dartmouth. The present peer is in his forty-sixth year, and married in December, 1823, Lady Louisa Stewart, daughter of the Earl of Galloway, by whom he has a large family, his eldest son and heir being now in his sixteenth year. THE " POPULAR" MINISTRY.—The popular minist ry are at some loss to account for their defeats in London, West minster, Dublin, Liverpool, Leeds, Ilull, and in other large constituencies, which they were formerly enabled to com mand. There is no re-action they assert, the advantage hav ing been obtained by a long and careful attention to the re gistry ; as if that long and careful attention to the best and most legitimate means of defeating them afforded no proof of re-action ! This care and attention has not however been confined to the conservatives, but has been exercised in an equal degree by the antagonist party ; but bricks arc not to be made without straw ; and although there has been no re laxation of exertion on the part of the liberals in regard to the registry, there has been a sad falling off in the number of dupes disposed to register for the purpose of voting for the liberal candidates. The fact is, that in the course of the late elections, thousands of persons who had originally registered with the intention of supporting liberal principles have been found voting for conservative candidates. If this be not re action, we know not what is.—United Service Gazette. TnE SPEAKERSHIP.—The fist question to be decided on the meeting of the newly elected House of Commons will, of course, he the choice of a Speaker. Mr. Shaw Lefevre will, no doubt, be set aside in favour of a gentleman of sound conservative principles. Mr. Henry Goulburn, and Mr. C. W. W. Wynn, M.l'. for Montgomeryshire, are mentioned as candidates for the vacant chair of the House of Commons —the latter appears the most likely to be selected. Mr. Goulburn, it will be remembered, contested the Speakership in May, 1839, with the late Speaker, Mr. Shaw Lefevre, and was only defeated by a majority of 18 votes, the numbers being 317 and 299. Mr. C. W. W. Wynn contested it in the year 1817 with Mr. C. Manners Sutton, and was defeated by a majority of 160 votes ; the numbers being 312 and 152. The late Speaker, Mr. S. Lefevre, has only held office about two years, but his predecessor, the right honourable James Abercrornby (now Lord Dunfermline) remained Speaker nearly four years and a half, having served in two consecutive parliaments. He was first e l ec t e d in February, 1835, in the Peel parliament, by a majority of 10 votes over Mr. C. M. Sutton, who was afterwards elevated to the peerage by the title of Viscount Canterbury. Mr. Abercrornby was re elected in 1837, and he continued to occupy the honourable post of speaker to the House of Commons until May, 1839, when he resigned, just two days before the temporary resig nation of the late Melbourne ministry, after their defeat upon the Jamaica question. Mr. S. Lefevre was then proposed as the new Speaker by the resuscitated whig government, and was elected, as we have already stated, by a majority of 18, in a house of 620 members (including tho tellers.) It is un certain whether there will be any opposition made to the choice of a conservative Speaker, the chief question b e i ng as to the individual member of that party most likely to be fixed on. BRUTAL ASSAULT.—As a clergyman of this diocese, ac companied by two ladies, was returning home from the neighbourhood of Enniscorthy on Saturday night last, they were furiously assailed, while passing through Taghtnon, by a mob, which, it is understood, had been chairino. Mr. Hawk shaw. The elder lady was struck on the head and neck by several stones, and is now suffering from concussion of the brain. The young lady received a blow on the hip, which is considerably bruized. The driver was struck severely on thc side. This blow was doubtless intended for the clergyman, as the man who threw it was seen to pick a large stone and deliberately hurl it at that gentleman's head. Two of the mob having vainly endeavoured to seize the horse's head, one of them caught the elder lady's foot, and attempted to drag her from the car ; the rapid speed, however, at which the horse was then moving, combined with her own resistance, contributed to defeat the design.— Wexford Conservative. AN AMERICAN JUDGE.—J. H. Carr, judge of Monroe county, Missouri, died suddenly in a drunken frolic, at tha place, a few days since. He was a man of property and dis tinetion.—New York paper. MOST AFFLICTING OCCURRNNCE.-011 Saturday, the 10th instant, the neighbourhood of Downhill was cast into gloom by a sad disaster which happened a company of fishers belonging to that place. They had gone o u t (fi ve i n num ber) in a small skiff to lift their lines, b u t b e f ore t h ey suc ceeded in doing so, the wind and sea becam e b o i sterous. For some time the storm continued to increase in fury, and though the poor fellows battled nobly with the fiercer ele ments, they were finally overpowered, and sunk beneath the wave, no more to live till awakened by the trump of God. The boat floated to the shore, all severed in pieces, but none of the bodies have yet been found. Four of these men have left wives and families unprovided for. The case of the fifth is very mournful : he had a brother drowned be fore he was born, and for that brother his parents, named him, and now he too has met a similar fate.—Derry Sentinel. POPULARITY OF THE CONSERVATIVES.—The constitu encies of England and Wales in which the Coneervatives have gained during the late election, number— In the cities and boroughs* . 78,676 In the counties 223,713 The constituencies in which the Whig- Radicals have gained number— In the cities and boroughs 48,776 In the counties.. 51,637 Difference in favour of the Conservatives 172,076 * Cardigan and Thetford are not included. ' The accuracy of this statement cannot be questioned.— Standard. It is pretty clear that ministers, in dissolving the old par liament, calculated confidently on being supported by the new ; or else why the choppings and changes they made among their own body previous to the dissolution ? This could only have been done to prevent the necessity of the parties vaca ting their seats, if appointed after the election. Mr. Stanley, however, the new paymaster of the forces, takes nothing by his motion ; but, on the contrary, loses seat, place, and pay. Unhappy whipper-in ! THE' TEa TRADE, LONDON, JULY 19.—There has not been so firm a market for tea since our last report, and we quote a fluctuation of about id .to Id per pound, taking the extreme rates of last week for company's congou—viz., 2s to 2s 3.41 per pound cash. We have public sales again to-morrow of about 12,000 packages, and this has to-day checked any extensive business. The deliveries of tea last week in London increased by 90,000 pounds over those of the week preceding, many parties having laid in extra stock, even private consumers p r ob a bl y , i n ant i c i pation of a further rise in prices. About 522,000 pounds paid duty. The ave rage price of company's congou to-day was about 2s -Id per pound cash. LAMENTABLE ACCIDENT--FOU R MBN • DROWNED.--I have just received intelligence of a most painful occurrence that took place in the channel between the island of Rathlin and themain land, on Tuesday, the 6th inst. A fishing boat had put off from the above island to put shell-fish on board one of the Derry steamers, and after having done so the boat put into port Morn, on of the small watering places on the coast. When returning to Rathlin, the sea, that had been very calm, got quite tempestuous ; the boat lived for some time, but was at last overpowered by the waves, and the four poor fellows who manned her met a watery grave : the boat and some of the tackle drifted ashore, but by the latest ac counts none of the bodies have been recovered. One of the men has left a wife and seven children to bemoan his fate, and I have heard that the others have also left families unpro vided for.—Derry Sentinel. On Friday last a very singular accident occurred in the family of Mr. Aylward, of the King's Head Inn, Billing hurst, Sussex. It appears that the barn being infested with rats, a ratcatcher was employed to ferret them out. After some time, the family were alarmed by the shrieks of the nurse, who had charge of an infant nine months old. She had left the babe sleeping in an upper room, and on her return, was d rea df u ll y a l arme d by seeing a ferret, w hi c h h ad fixed itself on one o f t h e c hild' s temples, and was su c ki ng the blo o d. Th e nurse instantly se i ze d the animal, and with great difficulty forced it to relinquish its hold ; it, however, bit her several times severely before assistance arrived, and struggled to get back to the infant, who would, no doubt, have been killed but for the provhlentiol erriTal of the ntir@eg — . - MOrnftw Ile, rat SUICIDE FROM DREAD Or A WOREROLISE.—A co roner's inquest was held on Friday afternoon, before Mr. Wakley, M.P., at the Orange Tree, Orange-street, Blooms bury, on view of the body of Joseph nous, aged seventy-five years, who hung himself, under the distressing circumstances detailed in the subjoined evidence : —Mr. John Cheetham, of 10, Kingsgate-street, Holborn, harness-maker ; stated that he had known the deceased between six and seven years. He was an organ builder, and occupied a small room on the second floor in witness's house. On his (witness's) re turn home at eight o'clock on Tuesday evening, his wife gave him a note, which she had found about five o'clock on the stairs. it was in the deceased's hand-writing, and con tained the following words :—" Mr. Cheetham, Mr. Rous will be much obliged to you if you will open his ddor," bet, as he could only partially open it, and thinking that the deceased had put a box against it, he pushed it violently, when it flew open, and the deceased who was hanging to it by a rope, swung round, and came in contact with his face. Witness, being very much teritied, had not sufficient pre sence of mind to cut him down. He ran into the street and called two men, and they took him down. He was dead but not quite cold, and a handkerchief was tied over his eyes. By the Coroner : The deceased had been for nearly three years without any employment. He had pawned and sold all his tools, and nearly all his clothes, and had latterly been without any means of subsistence. Witness had fre quently advised him to apply for parochial relief, but he had always said he never would, and that he would rather hang himself than go into the union workhouse. Mr. W. Tylcot, of Bagnigge-wells-road, stated that the deceased had been for the last twelve months in the greatest distress. He had frequently been without food the whole of the day, and in the evening he would go to the Queen's Head, a public house nearly opposite his lodgings, to borrow a few halfpence of some of his acquaintances who frequented the parlour, " to get himself," as he used to say " a morsel of bread." Witness, and the other friends of the deceased, had frequently advised him to apply to the parish, and offered, if he went into the workhouse, to subscribe a small sum weekly to furnish him with pocket-money. The de ceased always shuddered at the idea, and said he would rather destroy himself than " be confined in a union hastile." Witness saw him last alive at the Queen's Head late on Monday night, when, after thuch persuasion, he said he would apply the nekt meriting to the parish for outdoor relief. The Coroner saki that this was far from being an isolated case. The generality of persons who had formerly been in easy circumstances were extremely unwilling to ap ply for, parochial relief, for fear of being sent to the work house. The jury, after having deliberated three quarters of an hour, returned a verdict of Temporary insanity." RAPID CONVEYANCE.—On Wednesday morning week a train of 52 goods' waggons, containing up*ards of 180 tons of goods—the gross weiglit With the waggons being actually more than 300 tons—was brought down from Selby to this place, by the company's engine Liverpool, in the short space of one hour and fifty minutes, a distance of thirty-one miles. —Hull Tacket. A Lancashire agriculturist, near Manchester, in a letter to the editor of the Mark Lane Express, says : I have a cow in my stock which has had about five calves, two of which she has dropped since she came into my possession. She is now giving not less than twenty-six quarts of milk daily ; and this appearing of a superior richness, induced me to try what weight of butter her milk for seven days would yield. The trial was completed yesterday, and the butter weighed 221 b. 31oz. We make up our butter into printed lumps of Boz. each ; and to the half-pound weight a halfpenny of the new coinage is added. I had a cow ten years ago, which gave 201 b. 6oz. in the week. Do you think the prize dairy cow at the Liverpool meeting will have such solid pretensions to dis tinction as either of these animals? The dowry of the eldest daughter of Sir Robert Peel, who was married last week to Lord Villiers, the eldest son of the Earl of Jersey, is stated to be 150,0001. DERIVATION OF " PENNsyLvANIA."—The origin of the name is thus explained. It was a proposition of King Charles, that the province should be called Penn : or that this name should form part of any appellation that might be fixed on. This was resisted by Penn, lest it should be imputed to him as vanity. He himself proposed to call it New Wales, but this was for some reason disapproved. Peßn next suggested Sylvania, as the province was so beautifully diversified with wood, to which the king insisted on prefixing the name of Penn, in honour of the admiral, whose memory he revered. Buckingham's America. STATE OF TRADE.—The failure of the eminent banking house of Geymuller and Co. of Vienna, intelligence of which reached this town by the Hamburgh mail on Monday even ing, produced a decidedly unfavourable effect upon our yarn market yesterday ; the German buyers generally suspending their operations until the effect of this unexpected and ex tensive failure is better ascertained. The amount of busi ness done was consequently very small; and rather low prices were, in many instances, submitted to. The demand for manufactured goods were also extremely limited, and the business done in printing cloth was generally at rather lower rates. We think it right to state, in the reference by the en gagements of the banking house of Daintry, Ryle, and Co. which appeared in the Guardian of Wednesday last, that there was an inaccuracy of expression which was calculated to mislead the reader. liabilities of the Manchester firm arc upwards of half a million (in fact about £600,000), but a large portion of these is owing to the Loudon hankers; and the amount which will eventually fall upon Manchester and its neighbourhood is comparatively small.—Manchester Guardian. HALIFAX, JULY I.—The number of emigrants who had landed this year at Quebec, to the sth June, was 12,426; the New York paper states that, in the month of June, 1800 passengers had landed there. ROPE-MAKING IN AMERICA.—The rope-walk of the Navy-yard is one of the finest I ever remember to have seen. It is nearly half a mile in length, and two stories in height ; it is built entirely of the same beautiful granite as that used in the construction of the dry-dock, and is roofed with iron and slate. The window-shutters are all cased with iron, and the whole is rendered fireproof. Some very recent and excellent improvements have been introduced into the machinery here, by a native American engineer, Mr. Tread well, by which a steam-engine at one end of the building is made to furnish the requisite power for performing all the operations for rope-making, with very little aid from the la bour of men, from the first combining of the hemp, and spinning it into threads, to the tarring and twisting the yarn, and the winding of the whole into the hawser or the cable required. I had seen some of the best rope-walks in Eng land, both in the royal dock-yards and in the private esta blishments of London and other ports; but I remember no thing equal to this of Boston, either in the beauty and per fection of the building and the machinery, or the admirable uniformity of strain in every strand and every fibre in the rope produced ; or the finished roundness, smoothness, and flexibility of the largest hawsers and cables, of which several were submitted to our examination, both in progress and completed.—Buckingham's America. THREE LIVES LOST.—Yesterday evening, sbout sit o'clock, a most distressing and fatal accident occurred at the Surrey side of Westminster-bridge. It appeared that seven persons had hired a boat at Hungerford-market to proceed up the river, and upon their return (the tide running down very fast(, and they not being able to manage the boat, they struck against the fourth pier of the bridge, and the whole party was immersed in the water. A loud scream almost immediately brought four boats to their assistance, and they succeeded in saving four of them, the other three having met a watery grave, notwithstanding the exertions of the Thames Police boat and several men from the establishment of Mr. Lyons, the boat builder, who used the drags for a considera ble time, but without success. The boat itself was towed ashore, and, after a considerable interval, was taken back to Hungerford- m ark e t.—Morning Herald. LETTER ErrveLorEs.These, in the manner in which they are now used, are of modern contrivance ; and amongst ladies and gentlemen who like to see how prettily they can fold up a letter and exhibit the devices on their seals in the most ornamental position, have now become extremely fa shionable. They are also supposed to conceal their contents from the inspection of the impertinent and curious through whose hands they may pass, more effectually than the for mer and now vulgar method of folding the paper. But this is. quite a mistake. The paste used in attaching the three under most corners of the envelope has so tender a hold, that it is the easiest thing possible to withdraw either of the ends, slip out the letter, read every word of its con tents , and then re store it to the place of its fancied security, without having broken or in any way defaced the pretty wax ornament which has been so tastefully laid on the upper corner. To make an envelope of any use, the wax should be applied to each of the ends, so as to hold all of them together ; but this would re quire such a load of wax that it would mar the beauty of th e invention, and the sooner the old method is resorted to the better. THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. --The par ticulars of the population of the United States, as exhibited in the return made to Congress under the last census, was received by the late arrival from New York. It appears to comprise 14,181,575 whites, 386,069 free coloured, and 2,483,536 oth-rs, making a grand total population of 17,031,180. The number of seamen in the service of the United States is estimated at 6,100, but is not included in the above return. Her m Vfstal arrived on S a t ur d ay, J une 19, from s T b ampico, and Havann a b, b y way of Ber muda. She bad specie to the amount of 700,000 dollars. She is to sail for Quebec in a few days. The London Journal of Science states, that under the old system of packets to Hali fax in North America, the expense to government was £40,000 a year ; but under the new system £20,000 is real ised, making a saving of £60,000 per annum.—Halifax paper. AFFECTING INCIDENT.—The Texas papers state, that at the meeting of the committee in Cincinnati to agree upon suitable measures to express the public feeling on'the melan choly occasion of General Harrison's death, a motion was made, and unanimously adopted, that Judge Burnet be re queSted to deliver the eulogy upon the late President. The Judge was present, being chairman of the committee. He declined the request, and never," says the Cincinnati Re publican, " did we witness deeper feeling or listen to truer eloquence than in the remarks he made. ' I cannot accept,' said he ; 'I couldinot speak. I knew Harrison 46 years ago ; he was a brother to me then ; we have been brothers ever since. Our hearts were knit together, and I should choke were Ito speak of him. He is the last of the little band who started this city. lam alone now, all alone, and I cannot talk of my friend. I cannot.' And the manly tears fell down his cheeks, and the sobs which were heard coming alike from the aged and the young of both parties told the deep sympathy which all felt. The scene was touching. It over came all who witnessed it." OPERATIONS AGAINST THE BOYNE.—Mr. Abbinet has been for some time past successfully engaged in removing the wreck of this ship. On the Sth instant two charges of 1001bs and 601bs of powder were lowered into the after-part of the ship, and fired with considerable effect by Daniell's battery, The diver visited the spot on the following day, and the workmen were then engaged in removing what they could by means of a machine constructed for the purpose ; it is a powerful and weil-constructed scoop. By means of this instrument a great deal of mud was removed, and con siderable quantities of timber and iron work were brought up. But the most curious thing recovered on this occasion, brought up in the scoop, was a beautifully ornamented brass field-piece 31 inches calibre and 4 feet in extreme length. It has the following inscription in Swedish, translated by Mr. Vanderburgh, of this town :—" With GOD'S help, by King Charles XII., taken at the battle of Clitzow, 9th July, 1702." This battle was fought between Augustus, King of Poland, and Charles, on the plains between Cr acow an d Warsaw, the former !laving about 24,000 men, and the latter little more than half that number, yet Charles gained a com plete victory, and took possession of the enemy's camp, baggage, cannon, &c.. of which the one now recovered was one. It seems somewhat curious that this gun was raised from the deep on the anniversary of the day Charles took it from the Poles. In addition to the above i nscr ipti on , t hi s gun has also the following : — y F.A.H.Z.5.1.C.8." and under this, "E. U.W.C. H U. R .F. ;" crossed under this again there is a shield. having on it two swor d s crosse d. Te operations are still proceeding. The gun here men tioned was doubtless brought from Guadaloupe, as the Boyne had in her many trophies from that island, when she was burnt.—lfampshlre Telegraph. In consequence of the melancholy loss of their son, who was on board of the ill-fated President steamer, the Duke and Duchess of Richmond do not come to Scotland with their family this season, but mean to remain in seclusion at Goodwood, in Sussex. The splendid apartments at Gordon Castle will, therefore, be still and pihint in tin osopcc of the m)* family,-44erdefn VARIETIES. W/lICI AND TORY.—The origin of these names is little known, although the terms themselves are in every person's mouth. We believe they originated in the early part of the 17th century, during the disturbances in the reign of King Charles the First. A tory was then a nickname given by the lower classes to any person who wished to support either in precept or practice the ancient essays of the constitution, and who strenuously opposed any ridiculous renovations which were then in vogue. A whig, on the contrary, was a nick name for any one who opposed tory principles, and who was desirous of stirring up the seeds of discord and discontent ; in fact, an enemy to good and peaceable government, and one who desired a change Of any description. TIM NEGRO AND THE Crirsxsx.—The Boston Post says that up at the west end of that city, there is a good-natured fun-making negro, named " Parsis," who hovers round the grocery stores in that neighbourhood rather more than is de sirable. Like many other gentlemen of colour, lie prides himself upon the thickness of his skull, and he is always up for a bet upon his butting powers; and well he may be, for his head is hard enough for a battening ram. The other day he made a bet in a store that he could butt in the head of flour barrel, and he succeeded. He then took up a bet to drive it through a very large cheese, which was to be covered with a crash cloth, to keep his wool clear of cheese crumbs. The cheese, thus enveloped, was plabed in a proper position, and Parsis, starting off like a locomotive, buried his head up to his ears in the inviting target. Parsis now began to feel himself irresistible, and talked up " putty considerable," A plan, however, was soon contrived to take the conceit out of him. There being some grindstones in the store for sale, one of them was privately taken up, and wrapped up in the same manner as the cheese bad been, and looked precisely as if it were a second cheese, and Persia readily took another bet for ninepence, that he would butt his head through it as easy as he sent it through the first. The interest of the spec tators in the operation became intense. Everything was carefully adjusted, and upon the word being given, Parsis darted off like an arrow at the ambushed grindstone—he struck it fair in the centre, and the next instant lay sprawling in the middle of the floor, upon which he recoiled. For some minutes he laid speechless, and then he raised himself slowly upon his knees, and scratching his head, said, with a squirming face—" Dam hard cheese dat, massa I ey skim de milk too match altogedder before dey make him ; dat's a fac." A VISIT TO MISS MITFORD.—I had written tin Miss Mitfont my intention of passing the evening with Mr, and; as we approached her residence, which is in a small village near Reading, I began to feel a little tremulous about meet ing my " unknown friend." Captain Hall had made us all merry with anticipating the usual dinouement of a mere epistolatory acquaintance. Our coachman (who, after our telling him we were Americans, had complimented us on our speaking English, and " very good English too"), pro fessed an acquaintance of some twenty years' standing with Miss M., and assured us that she was one or the " cleverest women in England," and the " doctor," (her father,) " an 'earty old boy." And when he reined his horses up to her door, and she appeared to receive us, he said—" Now, yott would not take that little body there for the great author ; would you ?" and certainly we should have taken her fot nothing but a kindly gentlewoman, who had never gone beyond the narrow sphere of the most refined social life. My foolish misgivings (H. must answer for them) were forgotten in her cordial welcome. K. arid I descended from our airy seat; and when Miss M. became aware who M. was, she said, " What ! the sister of pass my door ?—that must never be ;" so M., nothing loath, joined us. Miss M. is truly " a little body," and dressed a little quaintly, and as unlike as possible to the faces we have seen of her in the ma gazines, which all have a broad humour, bordering on coarse ness. She has a pale-grey, soul-lit eye, and hair as white as snow ; a wintry sign that has come prematurely upon her, as like signs come upon us, while the year is yet fresh and undecayed. Her voice has a sweet, low tone, and her man ner a naturalness, frankness, and affectionateness, that we have been so long familiar with in their other modes of mani festation, that it would have been indeed a disappointment not to have found them. She led us directly through her house into her garden, a perfect bouquet of flowers. " I must show you my geraniums while it is light," she said, " for I love them next to my father." And they were, in deed, treated like petted children, guarded by a very ingenious contrivance from the rough visitation of the elements. They are all, I believe, seedlings. She raises two crops in a year, and may well pride herself on the variety and beauty of her collection. Geraniums are her favourites; but she does not love others less than she loves these more. The garden is filled, matted with flowering shrubs and vines ; the trees are wreathed with honeysuckles and roses ; and the girls have brought away the most splendid specimens of heart's-ease to press to their journals. Oh, that I could give some of my countrywomen a vision of this little paradise of lowers, that they might learn how taste and industry, and an earnest love and study of the art of garden-culture, might triumph o'er small space and small means. Miss M—'s house ie, with the exception of certainly not more than two or three, as small and humble as the smallest and humblest of our village of S—; and such is the difference, in some respects, in the modes of expense in this country from ours ; she keeps two men-servants, (one a gardener,) two or three maid-servants, and two horses. In this very humble home, which she illus trates as much by her unsparing filial devotion as by her genius, she receives on equal terms the best in the land. Her literary reputation might have gained for her this eleva tion, but she started on vantage-ground, being allied by blood to the Duke of Bedford's family. We passed a de lightful evening, parting with the hope of meeting again, and with the most comfortable feeling that the ideal was con verted into the real. So much for our misgivings. Faith is a Beier principle than some people hold it to be.—Miss Sedywick's Letters from Abroad, 4-e. OUR ARISTOCRACY.—Those who are jn the habit of ex. pressing their wonder at what the British aristocracy " do with their own," will, perhaps, learn with surprise that none know better than the nobility of this country how to ex pend their kingly incomes. To prove this we extract the following particulars of the consumption of wine and ale, wax-lights, &c., at Belvoir Castle, the seat of the noble Duke of Rutland, from December, 1839, to April, 1840, or about thirteen weeks :—Wine 200 dozen, ale 70hhds. ; wax lights, 2,330 ; sperm oil 630 gallons. Dined at his Grace's table, 1,997 persons ; at the steward's room, 2,421 ; in the servants' ball, nursery, and kitchen department, including corners and goers, 11,312 persons. Of loaves of bread there were consumed 8333; of meat, 22,963 lbs. ; exclusive of game.—p. 329. The money value of the meat, poultry, eggs, and every kind of provi s io n excep t s t ores, consumed during this period, amounted to £1,329 7s. 111 d. The quantity of game killed during the season, over all his grace's manors, is•thus stated :-1,733 hares, 987 pheasants, 2,101 partridges, 23 wild ducks, 103 woodcocks, 135 snipes, 947 rabbits, 776 grouse, 23 black game, and 6 teal. The particulars are given in a history of Belvoir Castle, recently published. THE LAST STRUGGLE FOR POLISH INDEPENDENCE.— The fifty-first struggle was the Beige of Warsaw. The Rus sian army, composed of 100,000 men, attempted two days to take possession of Warsaw, defended only by 25,000 Poles. Appalling and melancholy was the picture, when the suburbs of Warsaw were consumed in flames by the Russian artillery. They opened batteries of 500 pieces of cannon, which played like an infernal orchestra round the tottering houses. The trembling and fainting females filled up the churches and chapels, which were mournfully covered with black: Tears of anguish ran down their pale and melancholy cheeks ; with outstretched hands to God, were raising their ardent prayers for their fathers, husbands, and countrymen. Every burst ing sound 'of cannon that shook the church, terrified their imagination that it was the messenger of death to their dear est friends. That tremendous bombardment lasted two days ; it seemed like a canopy of destructive fire, which sur rounded and covered the devoted capital. The intrench ment of the fortification was filled up with the dead bodies of the Russians, who mounted upon 25,000 of their slain countryman to gain the wall. The Poles counted 9,000 in killed and wounded. Next day, however, Warsaw was taken. This was the end of that ardent struggle of the Polish revo lution, which lasted eight months. During this time the Poles fought 55 battles : 420,000 Russians, with 500 artillery, had been sent against only 70,000 Poles and 120 cannon : 200,000 of the Russians fell victims in th e Russian territory. —Count Sypniewski's " Poland." RAPID VEGETATION OF NORWAY.--The difference be tween the vegetation of Norway and of Scotland is indeed very remarkable, and cannot help striking the most cursory observer. In some respects, it may depend on cause beyond our ken ; at the same time, much of the former's apparent superiority may be explained by considerations from its very excess of northern latitude. The Norwegian winter is long and severe ; but then many seeds do not require to be sown until the spring; while many plants and trees are so protected by nature as to suffer little from cold, during a period of suspended germination, similar to the hybernation of animals in the same climate. Again, the summer is, alas! very brief, if we reckon the number of days from the last of the previous to the first frost of the succeeding winter; for we cannot talk of springs or autumns in this latitude. But, then, each day may be always counted as double, since for three months the sun shines uninterruptedly, with oblique, but still very powerful, rays upon the earth, which thus has scarcely any time to cool. This, added to the fact, that the energies of vegetation had never been weakened by the occasional deceptive warmth of our winters, and perhaps also the fertilising effects of thawing snow, causes a rapidity of growth that is quite startling. It seems as if the seeds are scarcely put in the ground (only just cleared of snow), when their green shoots begin to appear ; in a few days they have attained a considerable height ; in a few weeks they are ready for the sickle. On revisiting a place after a lapse for the night, during the height of a northern summer, it is difficult to believe it to be the same spot, so totally are the features of the cultivated parts changed, in what appears so brief a period.—Two Summers in Norway. The soil or earth is, as will be supposed, very variable in composition; its nature is always a good deal dependent on the subsoil and stony matters which are buried beneath the surface, many of which are slowly decomposing or crumbling away, and adding to the soil the substances of which they were composed. The constituents of soil may be divided into two classes—the inorganic and the organic. The inorganic are the earthly bases with their compounds, and silica, which together form the principal bulk of most soils ; metallic oxides 2 of which the only ones of i m p or t ance are the oxides of iron, and small quantities of various saline com pounds of the alkalies and earths. The organic matters in the soil are chiefly derived from the decay of animal and vegetable substances, the latter consisting usually of the remains of vegetables which at a former time was grown on the soil, and w hi c h, un d er t h e i n fl uence of a i r an d moisture, are slowly undergoing the kind of change before alluded to, and evolving ca r b on i c ac id, b y t h e gra d ua l c ombination of a portion of the carbon they contain with oxygen. The most abundant constituent of soils is commonly silica, which fre quently forms nearly nine-tenths of the whole of its weight ; but this is by no means always the case, for in calcareous or limestone countries we frequently find soils containing a very large quantity of lime; whilst others again contain a large proportion of alumine. These differences in the pr o p ort i on of the earthly c om p onen t s o f t h e so il gives r ise to the varieti es of light or free, and s tiff or clayey soils, which are also modified by the presence of a greater or less qu an ti ty of organic substances. S o il s di ff er greatly i n their m ec h an i cal as well as in their chemical nature, as the same subst ances constitute a soil possessing very different properties a ccor di ng as they are in the form of little grains l ike sand, or in very fine powder. This state of mechanical division is of great importance for several reasons, and most p art i cularly in relation to water. A soil con tain i ng a la rge quantity of alumine is generally known by its stiff. tenacious ch arac t er , and is remarkable for its great retent i ve powe r f or water whilst those consisting principally of s i li ca, and more especi ally those in which it exists in the form of sand, are generally ehronicle. Suitable to vegetation.— light and porous soils, and far less r e t ent i ve of water. The best soils are those in which the e ar th y constituents are so proportioned that the light. p o rous qualities o f some are balanced by the close rete n tive prop er ti es of the others, as Extractthe)arefrtoliinenthein Ga rdener' sos tuniformly ROCHDALE FLANNEL MARKET, MONDAY, JULY 17. — We have had a brisk market for flannels to-day, and many h ave been sold; but there has been no advance in price. There has been also a change in the wool market : the sellers have generally asked au ad vanced price, but the manufac turers have been very unwill ing to comply with their demand. LIVERPOOL PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY JOSHUA FLETCIIER LACE, of 53, Grove.strect, au4 LEONARD ADDISON, o f 14, Greta Orforti.streot, AT No. 4, ST, ORORGR'S CRIIRCRNT v FitiPAY, WI,