The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-02-27 00:00:00

, • Ptly27. men, attend to give evidence as to the identity of the individual ! the law is expounded with the greatest so lemnity, (as it ought to be at £lOOO a year,) the pri. sOner is fined or imprisoned, and the policemen are complimented on their zeal in the dicharge of their pub lic duties. it would be well toinquire how many persons would do the duties of stipendiary Magistrate at £l5O a year: A visit to the ToWn-Clerk's office also might be productive of much good and of great saving to the pub: lie- Not that we suspect either the Town-clerk or his Deputy of partaking In the profits arising from a London agency, especially as the former gentleman has publicly stated that he never received a single farthing beyond his salary, excepting, indeed, that he has received seven or eight pounds as an Irish Commissioner, and expects to receive a further sum of #3O as Clerk to the Commis sioners of Wallasey Embanlsment ! These inquiries would prove of infinitely greater Value than endeavouring to raise a prejudice against a public servant, whose ser vices are approved by her Majesty's Government, by the Underwriters' Association, and by the great bUlk of the merchants attached to the port. THE ANTI SPOTTISWOODE CONSPIRACY.—The radical journals have been loud in their declamations against the "Spottiswoode Fund," as one of the most iniquitous plans ever concocted "for depriving honest men of their just tights." Before parliament met, the "conspirators" who had contributed to this "infamous fund" were threatened with the summary vengeance of the House of Commons. However, parliament met, and the threats 'of the faction ended in a bottle of smoke. Having failed in their efforts to make an impression upon parliament, and having been laughed to scorn at the miserable issue of their awful menaces, the radicals then resorted to :he expedient of starting an " Anti Spottiswoode Fund." Public meetings were 'accordingly held in the metropolis and in various parts of the kingdom,—(not forgetting the gathering of Tinpot Atkinson and his satellites at the Royal Hotel, in this town)—resolutions were passed, and advertisements were published in the various news• papers, followed by powerful appeals to the patriotism and public virtue .of " the people of England." Well, how did the latter respond to-the . appeal. The result is More mortifying, if possible, than the defeat which the faction met with in , the House of Commons. Though the most diligent exertions have been made, we find that We subscriptions amount to £237 7s 6d ! ! On some of the contributors towards this munificent sum the Morning Herald Inimourously remarks— "Among,the patriotic and truly liberal contributors to this excellent and pro-popish fund we find the revered name ofthat ►llustrious patriot Theodosius M'Millan, for :wo shillings and sixpence; " My Grandmother," for the like suns; "Who pays the Piper" "five shillings," and a string of no less than twenty "parsons" of the established church!—sev . eral of whom have actually subscribed one pound each, and not one of them less than five shillings !—Let the "Spottiswoode gang" hide its diminished head !" Well may the Albion call upon " the friends - of reform to come forward with their subscriptions in aid of the fupd now raising to fight the conspirators in the commit tees of the House of Commons." But, seriously, we would ask any man of common sense whether the widely different result of the two appeals made to the people of England on the subject of Irish election petitions; does not afford incontestable evidence of the growing reaction, throughout the country, in favour of conservative prin ciples—in favour of real "justice to Ireland." That such is the "Case must he palpably evident to every man wbo has one spark of uOderstanding. THE DUKE OF SUSSEK.—We are sorry to find, from the metropolitan papers, that, at the Queen's levee, on Wednesday last, the Duke of Sussex, who stood near her Majesty, came forward and ostentatiously shook hands with Daniel O'Connell—the virulent enemy of the Royal Family--the denouncer of the Duke's own brOther—and the object of a direct denunciation from the throne as a disturber of ,the public peace. An act so derogatory •to his , own .didnity, and implying such a direct insult to the 'Queen, reflects the highest discredit on the Duke of Sussex., 'Under any circumstances such a recognition should have been avoided, and more espe cially since O'Connell has been expelled by that frater nity - • nity of which the Duke of Sussex is‘the chief. MEETING IN ST. ANNE'S WARD FOR RELIEVING THE DISTRESS OF THE POOR. On Tuesday, at 2 o'clock, a meeting Of the inhabitants of this ward was hell at Mr. Lascelles' room, Great Richmond Street, for the purpose of raising a subscription, and divising the best means of alleviating the present pressing distress of.the poor residing in the ward. The meeting was very respectably at tended. Mr. Alderman Benn was moved into the chait. The CHAIRMAN said it Was scarcely necessary t i o mention it to mein, that the object of that meeting was for the purpose of affording relief to the poor residing in the ward. Their first object was to raise means, and then apply themselves to the judicious application of the money so raised. He. hoped this measure had not been deferred too long. He understood that there was an immense deal of suffering, which it was necessary should be relieved. They were prepared with a list of geutle- Men who were willing to undertake the distribution of the money collected, to see that it was rightly applied. He believed that the extent of the distress was not known ; but about Scot land 'tided and Vauxhall Road the number of families in dis tress was incalculable.. He did not think it necessary io snake any further observations on the subject; it was one which came hMne to every man's breast. They would now proceed at once to the business of the meeting: Mr. Councillor COGLAN said he was intrusted with the first resolution; before proceeding. to it, however, he must state his warm thanks to the gentlemen who had called the present meet ing. Ile thought it highly desirable that some persons should stir in the matter, because he understood that the distress was very great; but, whether great or small, there were a number of objects who required immediate relief, or it would he fatal to many families. It was trot casual or indiscriminate relief which was most required; but it : was essential that a committee should be formed to visit and examine the abodes of the poor; for there many individuals of that high tone of moral feeling and keen sensibility, who suffered accutely without ever going abroad to t:ek relief; and the object of the committee should be to seek those personi out and relieve them and their pressing wants. He jhad to inform them that he had attended a meeting the ,night before at the _Brunswick Arms, in Scotland Place, Mr. Jones in the chair, the same object having called that meeting as the present one. The meeting of Thursday night would not have taken place had the meeting of that day been known. But as a very respectable number of gentlemen had attended that meeting, he bad been requested to read the resolutions which were passed in order that they might concentrate their energies to one point,. without distinction of sect or party, to relieve the sufferings of abject humanity. It was resolved "that the distressed condition of the poor of that neighbour hood called for immediate alleviation." "That public suir scriptions be immediatelveetered into, a treasurer appointed, and a committee nominated to• distribute relief in the most effi catious manner." "That in conseqtience of the meeting to be held that day at Mr. Laseelle.'s room an adjournment take ulace to it." Mr. Coglan then gave in the names of a num ber of gentlemen willing to act as committee men ; and cun cicded with moving " that in consequence of the extreme and ucre mitcing distress at present prevailing in the ward, (Saint Anne's) and the inadequacy of the relief hitherto provided for the immediate relief of the poor, it is reSolved that subscriptions ha immediately entered into for that purpose." Mr. PARKER, as - an inhabitant of the ward, said he seconded the resolution with no ordinary pleasure. He had had up wardi of forty cases of distress laid before him, but ‘nt'ssuld nut rend them to the meeting. He moist say that St. Anne's ward had, been highly favoured, not only from individual charities, but from subscriptions its churches and chapels. Mr. Parker then stated _that Mr.,Cuglan, Mr. Mason, and Air. Segar had each subscribed £5, and that Mr. Cox, secretary to the Lite rary and Scientific Institution, St. Ann-street, - had undertaken to act as secretary. The resolution, as were the others entered info, was tinaeinmusly carried. Some conversation here took place, lb consequence of a letter which Mr Drinkwater had' arlitressed to sotneof the gentlemen, and which was read by Mr. Cox, recommending the establishment of a soup kitchen in the ward. COG LAN thought the consideration of that and every other. arrangement should be left with the committee.— From the eubsequent - remarks of other gentlemen, it appeared tai be the sense of the meeting, that it was inexpedient to have a soup establishment, on account of the additional expense it would bring on the futids —A committee having been chosen to carry the object of the Jueeting into effect, it was resolved that the relief granted to tiie,pour, should be in coals, potatoes and bread; and that attendance should be given by members of the committee. every morning at nine o'clock, at the Literary and Scientific Institution; . St, Ann.street.—Messrs. Gibbon, Carr. arid Parker agreed to wait on the inhabitants of the ward, to receive subscriptions.—A subscription was then entered into in the room, which, including £lO from the chairman, and the three sums of £5 each already mentioned, amounted to £7l 3s. —Mr. Parker, on the motion of Mr. Coglan was appointed treasurer. VAUXTIALt. WA np'.--LA public meeting of .the inhabitants of this ward, was held yesterday, at the house. of M r. Pickering, to take into consideration the best means to he adopted to relieve the numerous poor of the ward. ICE. Harvey, Esq., was moved to the chair. Resolutions were proposed, and carried unani mously, recommending a public subseription,.to be appropriated prirchasing coals;bread. and pitatoes, for the use of the poor. The ward was then. divided into distalcts, and collectors ap pointed, %c hi.? were to act io the,i wo-fold capacity of collecting subscriptions, and appropriating the same by, the direction of committee, in the shape of fuel and fond; to the distresSed poor of their respective neighbourhoods. The handsome sung of £65 was 'collet ted in the room. Enoch Harvey, Esq., and Williain Preston, Esq.. members for the ward. attended, both Of w hum Contributed £5 each, with a iecine6t that if more was a anted, they Were to be called upon. Mr. Case tilSo eolltrdlited '!" the chairman the like sem. - The thanks of the Meeting \Yt're then unanimously lasted to several clergymen who bad taken en act ivel p ni rt in telieving the distresses of the poor in the ' y ard : au etas also a vote cf I hunk ato die chairman, Pioposed la Mr. Case.) for able coiidtict in the chair. The meeting itati Mere, ul - thf . iagbirOt numeloCsly, Matured. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. • Goon ADVICE FOIL POLICE•OFFICERS.—A woman named Alice Jackson, the keeper of a beer-house, had appeared on Thursday to answer an information laid against her by an in spector and' policeman, for having had comPany•in her house at an illegal hour. The magistrate, however, had entertained a misgiving as to the . accuracy of the evidence, on one point , tendered in support of the information by the officers, and the consequence was, the Sentence was deferred until an inspection of the-premises had been made by Mr. Commissioner Dowling. The case came on again ou Friday, when Mr.- Dowling gave the result of his examination, which proved that the declarations of the defendant were correct, and that the inspector and police officer had, either wilfully or through misconception, given in correct evidence. The inspector declared that he had mistaken the tenour of Mr. Hall's questions; but the magistrate (know ing, we presume, as others well do, that his interrogatories are generally as remarkable for distinctness as for point) seemed disinclined to credit the declaration, as did also his brother ma gistrate. Mr. Hall then remarked, that he was very sorry -to see officers persevere in giving their evidence in so loose a manner. It, was a very painful thing to the magistrates, at all times, to convict upon a case like the one then before them. be cause the lowest flue which they could inflict was 405., a very serious sum to beer house keepers g'enerally, and for the non payment of which penalty they were very frequently sent to prison. But if it were a painful thing to convict upon distinct and indubitable evidence, what a sad thing it would have been if they had inflicted that heavy penalty on a poor woman with eight children, and on information which proved to be totally wrong. Yet they must be guided by evidence; and if officers would mislead them by false evidence, hoiv were such things to be altogether avoided? The business of an officer was to lay an information on what he - considered adequate grgundp, but never, fur the purpose of obtaining a conviction, to stretch a case against any one. What reason had they to do so? ,He knew of none, except it was the wish of standing high as active and vigilant officers, by being'able to point to the number of convictions which they had obtained. But he himself should think much better of an officer who had brought before him 2J cases which had been dismissed, than it he had obtained a hundred convictions by wrong evidence. No officer, they might depend upon it, would raise himself in the estimation of the magistrates by stretching a case against any individual; and they ought to know that there was no disgrace attachable to thetn, nor could-any injury result to them, on . account of the dismissal of a case which they might bring before the magistrates. He felt eXtreinely glad that he had not,-'-on the evidence given by the officers on the preceding day, proceeded to pass sentence on-the poor woman; and he thanked Mr. Dowling.for having, by his report, enabled him to come to the facts of the case. Under the circumstances, he ordered the defendant to be ac quitted, and stated that they should consider whether or not the . officers would be allowed to remain in the service. . . BRUTAL CoSnucT.—On Saturday, at the Police-office, the second mate of the Ellen Brookes, named Starkie, was brought before the magistrates on a charge of brutally kicking one of the boys of .the vessel on the face, and nearly breaking his jaw. The complainant, named William Carney, who appeared with his head tied up. and his face dreadfully swollen, stated that on Friday afternoon he was at work on board his ship, and did not perform what he was desired to do to the satisfaction of the second mate, when he knocked him down, and then kicked him in the face. The prisoner denied that he had struck him, but he had been aggravated to kick him. Mr. Parkinson' said, the boy was in a dreadful state, when brought to Bridewell; he thought his jaw was broken, and had him sent to a surgeon. An officer stated, that he had taken the boy to the surgeon, who said, the jaw was not broken, but it was a very dangerous bruise, and great care must be taken of the boy, or lock-jaw would ensue. Mr. Hall said, it was a most cowardly thing to kick a man on the ground; it was not like an Englishman. What countryman was he? The prisoner replied, that he was an American. Mr. Hall said it was a most brutal thing ; the prisoner was utterly regardless . where he had kicked him. Mr. Hall then addressed the captafn, who was in court, and said, he must protect' the boy in future, or the prisoner would wreak his vengeance upon him. The Captain, " Oh, not at all; that man has been most partial to that boy. He must have been in solent." Mr. Hall, "Bless my soul! is he to kick a boy be cauie he is insolent ? But there is no evidence even of that. If he was insolent, is that to justify him in abusing a boy in this way. A young boy like that might be injured to the end of hiS days by sueh treatment. It is a case in whieh the magistrates think they ought to go to the full extent of the law. You must pay £5, including costs, and, in default of payment, be commit ted for two months to the Borough gaol." SEIZURE OF WEIGHTS.—On Saturday, at the Police-office, a man named Higgins, the keeper of a marine store, appeared before the magistrates; to answer the charge of having posses sion of one of the Customs' *eights. The officer of Customs, named White, stated, that he was passing the defendant's shop, he saw a half cwt. exposed for sale at the door, with the broad arrow upon it. He asked the defendant where he got it, and, after some consideration, he told him he had bought it along with a number of other weights. He (witness) then requested him to give the weight up, hut he would not, so he called a -po liceman and told. him to take charge of it. The defendant stay ed, that he had bought the weight, along with a. number of others, from a person named Boardman, who was present. An individual,. who gave his name as Henry Boardman, cabinet maker, here stepped forward, and stated, that he had bought 32 cwt. of old weights, from the inspector of weights and mea sures, on the proviso that he should get them adjusted, and that this was one of them, The weights were sent in the inspector's own cart to the adjusting office, and there adjusted; he after wards sold them to the defendant. Mr. Hall inquired what right the inspector had to sell them ? The witness replied, that they were seized by the inspector and forfeited by the Mayor. Mr. Hall said, it was very extraordinary conduct; they must Send for Mr. Atkinson, the inspector, and inquire into it. Mr. Atkinson was sent for, but not being in, the case again came on. Mr. Hall then said, if the defendant's only defence was, that he bought the weight of a person who bought it of Atkin son, it was no defence at all, because Atkinson had no right to interfere with the Queen's weights; and if he had, he ought to break them up for old Metal, otherwise the mischief which he was appointed to prevent would he continued. But the'proba bitity 'tva• if Atkinson was there to explain the matter—and he must explain it at some other titre—that he had never seized this weight, having the broad arrow upon it, at all, but that it had been stolen. There was the broad arrow upon it, which was a notice to the storekeeper not to buy. The witness, Board man, said, perhaps he could explain it. Ile heard the inspector say, that he had seized the weight in Whitechapel. The in spector would not even trust to his-word that he. would get them adjusted, hut sent his own cart with them for that purpose. He pkid 3s. 6d. a cwt for them to Mr. Atkinson, who said he had had the same money bid for them by an iron founder. Mr. Hall said, he should very much like to see Atkinson i the very mo ment be saw that weight he ought to have imagined, that it bad been stolen, for no person had any right with a weight of that description. Boardman ought not to have bought the weight. The witness said, that the weight having been forfeited by the corporation, he did' not know that he was doing wrong. He bought the weights to make money of them, and made a profit of them of about 4d. each. Mr. Hall said, he had gone into the case then as far as he could; he should not give an opinion till . Monday at, ten o'clock, when 'Atkinson the inspector must be there and state his explanation in public. • LIVERPOOL MECHANICS' INSTITUTION. LECTURES ON PHYSIOLOGY. On Wednesday evening Dr. Epps delivered the seventh of his lectures to an overflowing audience. The fleshy portions of man are technically called muscles, and upon these muscles depends our power. if we take a round of beef or a leg of mutton, we find that upon cutting across the flesh, it appears to divide itself into several distinct portions at different places. Now these are the different muscles of Which the flesh is composed.' The whole flesh of our body has .been separated, by the skill of the anatomist, into 450 distinct mus cles, each of which has a distinct duty to perform. These mus cles are compoied of smaller muscles, and the smaller muscles are main composed of fibrous threads. Like hempen tables they thus are enabled to bear the severest strains: The mus cles are abundantly supplied with blood-Vessels and nerves. There cannot be the smallest doubt that nerves are distribtited .through the muscles, because the power of feeling, which we have in the muscles, is dependent upon the nerves which come down from the back bone. Every muscle is endoWed with irri tability—that is a power of contractino. whenever any stimulant is applied to it. Those muscles which are hollow seem to have the greatest power of contractibility. The heart, for instance, is a large muscle, and is the intestinal canal which moves when we are asleep or awake, nidependently of our will, and thus. keeps us alive. Every muscle has the power of contraction or relaxation. Wherever a muscle is called into action it passes into the state of contraction, when it is not used it is.in a state . of relaxation or rest. The muscular system must be in a healthy state, or we cannot perform the-duties we have to -perform in this world. Those, perhaps, who practise gymnastic exer- I cises, possess healthy muscles. Most persons have observed that the flesh of domesticated animals is white, whereas that of game is dark. The breasts of domestic fowls are likewise known to be the whitest parts of them, whereas in game every part of the body is equally dark. This arises from the continual ex ercise which wild animals give• to their muscles. Domestic. fowls, for instance, do not move their wings; • wild fowls do, and thereby briog the muscles of the and breast into con tinual play, and wherever there is a free play of the muscles the circulation of the blood proceeds more freely. This whiteness of the breaSt of the fowl is, therefore a disease, and instead of wholesome food is decidedly the contrary. Domestic fowls, taken as an average, are not such good food as a snrloin of beef. Game is good food, because the wild annual exercises all his wuscles, and thereby promotes the'circulation of the blood ; it is tie best food we can eat, and if we have dear frietids who are sick, we canntit, do a kinder thing than:to send them game, for it is the best thing the stomach will digest. There is a common notion that chicken broth and chicken are good for sick persons.—The broth is excellent, but the chicken is objec tionable, and the sick person who eats it is sure to he thrown back a fortnight by dyspepsia: A good old fowl is of much easier digestion than a chicken. We should endeavour to give our muscles proper exercise, in order to keep them in a healthy condition. When anatomists speak of the origin or insertion of the muscle, they speak of its commencement, where it re, ceies its power, and of its termination, where th at p ower is applied. The centre is called the belly of the muscle, because it is the thickest in that part. When the muscle contracts there is a swelling in the centre as may readily be seen by raising the lower portion of the.arm. When a man loses the power of contracting his muscles he is said to he palsied, and spas modic when he contracts them against his will. Doctors now understand the nature of these complaints, and are thereby enabled to•cure the spasms and palsy. The poor little know, when they behold with envy the rich riding in their carriages, the miseries which they enduie, and the medicine they have to take'in consequence of not using their muscles, or they would not only bear their own lot without repining, but actually pity those who purchased indolence at so great a satrifice of happi ness. On the other hand it must be added that too great an exercise of one set of the muscles is injurious to the human• constitution, and produces distortion-and deformity; to this, children. in the factories are, unfortunately, too much subject, and the alleviation of themiserieid this too much neglected branch of society ought to form a portion of the labours of the philanthropic mill over this kingdom. The physical.education df children is exceedingly defective, in consequence of which, it is exceedingly difficult to find in our fashionabli boarding.. schools, a young. lady who is not in some degree deformed. ;' We men are not deformed, we are nobly sliaped creatures." When we walk, w e lift up the hip by means of muscles, and throw our leg Out by means of other muscles, Every time we do this the muscles covering the" front of the body are brought into a state of contraction. These mustles'press upon the,in testines,e which they thus continually turn over, so as to bring some portion of them into contact with the chyle. If persons 'would only iise the organs with which the Creator has.endowed them, they would have no need for medicine at all. The vet y pressure produced in the act of walking has a favourable ten dency in well ing and rolling the intestines about. Ladies have perpetually , inilammations of the stomach; they go to a doctor; unit if perchance they meet with an honest one—for such do exist,.alt hough they ale rare' eves, he says-to them, Iheyi.mhst take walking exercise.: Walking causes a perspiration all over the bodyin couseqwore of the blood flowing freely through the 'various blood vessels Mille system: • WiCenever the feet bßeome rills' you pray _Le, so re some4hing l is. Kong. .140114.0 a . earTiage, is a very 'Sad exc it i'se; acid therefore we should never take i ERP3OI, ST,A.r(DARD. whilst we can do our business by walking. In riding, the pressure comes upon the loins, hence coact:mon are subject to -affections of the bowels. These ineo are very early cut off, un less they lie by and take'physic at frequentintervals. You may ride upon horStback as much as you please. A . rider holds (e ti the h - orse by the muscles of the legs and thighs, the consequence, of.Whieli is that he sends the blood circulating through them. He raises his hips in order to rise from the saddle; he uses his arms to curb and guide the horse ; in short, in tiding a matt calls all his muscles into play, and, if he does not ride hard, he produces - a very beneficial ' circulation of the blood over the whole of the body. This is one of the best remedies for disease, and there is no doubt th-at the majoiity of cases of consumption might be cured by riding early in the morning. The mode of riding which is better than all others is sea voyaging. It is one of the best medicines on the face of the earth, and if some of those who are poorly were to take a sea excursion, the effect would be highly beneficial. In voyaging at sea, you are always on a level, a circumstance of great importance to such as are afflicted with diseases of the lungs, because they are subject to nearly the same pressure of the atmosphere. We have another benefit—that is in feeling a little sick. To feel sick is one of the best things, because it produces perspiration,' which per spiration is of great use to those troubled with affections of the chest. Besides this we enjoy at sea delightfully pure airand a freedom from the cares of business, by which . our system be comes at Once excited and invigorated. If persons are dying of consumption, put theM on ship board and send them to sea. .Dancing is an excellent engagement, wh'en enjoyed at reason _able hours, and does not deserve the ridicule with which many persons treat it. There is no in-door amusement which calls the Muscles into active play more than dancing, and on that account it ought to be encouraged. Fencing is also an excellent exer cise, because it expands the chest and brings into action the muscles of the arm. Gymnastic and calisthenic exercises, when properly taken, are of great utility in strengthening the human frame. These exercises have been reduced to a science, so that they may be safely indulged in by a proper course of trainiug. .No person should put on a top-coat when he goesout of doors, but, on the contrary, when he comes in. When a man walks he puts his blood into circulation, and there is no chance of his taking cold when lie is walking. A top-coat causes an accumulation of perspiration, and when he takes it off on enter ing the house, evaporation ensues, and he is exposed to drafts, in consequence, of which he takes cold. It is the same when a man stops Ina warm bath too long. When we have got a flush of perspiration in walking, we should put on a coat on reaching home. It is astonishing that the very means which people have to enable them to keep out the cold are the very means by 'which they take it. Mackintoshes ore the very worst things we have, •except to keep out the wet. They 'produce an .uncom fortable warmth by keeping in the,perspiration. There is no more danger in drinking cold water when we are in a high state of perspiration 'than when we are cold, if we walk after wards, In the latter case the lecturer would not answer for the life of individual four days afterwards. Our talented townsman, 111 r. Joh❑ Smith, will, to-morrow evening, (Wednesday,) commence a course of lectures on the beauties of geographical knowledge, illustrated by, highly wrought and picturesque views on glass, which willheexhibited by means of the magic lantern. These tpc•,tures have been exceedingly attractive in the neighbouring - towns, and, no doubt, will prove beneficial to the Mechanics' Institution. On Saturday evening Dr. Epps brought his delightful lec turea to a doge. Not even Dr. Lardner himself with all his ac cumulated popularity could draw such numerous audiences as we have witnessed during the whole course, a circumstance which must be as pleasing to the worthy Doctor himself as it has been of importance to the funds of the institution. ' The skin, or the substance which covers the whole of our bodies, is formed of three coats lying one over the other. The outer coat is that which is known under the name of scarf skin, or epidermis. The second coat is called the reta Mucosa or the mucous net. Underdeath that is what is called the true skin, because it does more duty than the other coats. The scarf skin is a dead skin and is perfectly insensible to any injuries which it may receive. The. immense advantages of this will be readily perceived when we consider to what a number of injuries our bodies are liable. This skin peels off many persons, their legs present scales like those upoo an elephant. The colour of in dividuals depends . upon the tint of the second coat, or mucous net. The true skin is the most important portion of the skin. It is not dead but on the contrary abundantly supplied with nerves, and is furnished with a number of glands which are continually pouring forth from every portion of our bodies a quantity of the perspirable fluid. This in general wept() not per ceive, unless we walk' fast, when it is poured forth in large and perceptible quantities. It takes place, however, every moment of our lives, and may be seen at all times with an optical glass. That ingenious man, Lord Stanhope, constructed au instrument to indicate the quantity of perspiration which was passed out of the body in a given tinie, A gentleman of the name of Sequin made an experiment by which he ascertained that twenty-four ounces of perspiration are given out by a healthy person from his body in twenty -four hours, but morerecent expe riments have determined it to b e 30 ounces. This perspirable matter is poi son, and is as bad to our health as carbonic acid. This skin is a kind of lung placed all over our body, w hich is perpetually purifying our blood by getting rid of 30 ounces of perspirable fluid in 24 hours. This truth will then at once strike us, that if our skin cannot perform its duty of getting rid of this amount of Matter we shall not be able to enjoy health. Such is the case, for persons who are dry skinned are constantly liable to fever and head-aches. It is essential to health that we should devise means by which we could ensure a perfect action in our skin. Whenever a medical man is called in to a case of fever he en deavours to assist nature by promoting perspiration, which al ways abates the fever When we consider that we cannot pro. duce a perspiration unless we keep the pores of the skin open by removing the oily matter which is - always'poured out upan the skin, we cannot injure health. A great portion of the diseases of the poor of this country are to be ascribed to want of cleanli ness;th s p sni :ea town ifnti, the ielcey poorotuo lti . tai l : n e db t e h . te, e )a d m u isoi cleanlinessnuseful there can be no question that•if there . tvere public baths in thenleiia . t l ) one is u ( n ) tp o r 0 , frr f the e t the isneor sy cer tain I t guides to health. Every per Son who can afford to have a bath in his, house ought to have one, and should take it at least once a week, and by this means his enjoyment of life would be much increased. Beneath our skin we have little glands which are for the purpose of secreting oil. This oil is poured out over the surface of the body. we are so fotilish in this country as to shave off our beards. The reason why this is so dif f icult and unpleasant an operation is because We do not perform it in the proper way. This fatty fluid constitutes a formidable obstacle to the edge of the razor , but gentlemen would only take the trouble to wash their faces with soap and water before they lather their faces, so as to remove this matter, they would find the razor pass over their faces much easier. This Oily matter is intitnately connected with the bulbs of the hair. When we pull out these hairs others will grow out of these bulbs. The hairs depend upon the condition of the bulbs. As we get old, the bulbs seem to lose their power to a certain extent, and the hair which was black becomes white. Many persons, particularly ladies, do not like to have white hairs, and try to hide this testimony of approaching age. Now, it is astonishing how earnestly people strive to appear young, and what miseries they will endure to attain that object. When a lady wishes to have her hair died, she sends for the hair-dresser in the evening. He takes a - very strong alkaline solution, and washes her hair with it to extract all the grease out of it. Having wiped the hair dry, he takes the hair between his fingers, and soaks it with a metallic paste, containing a preparation of lead.. This being done, he rolls up the hair, covers it with a wet piece of blotting paper, and enclo ses it in a waterproof cap. The lady goes to bed, sleeps with her hair in this state. In the morning the hairdresser comes and combs out the hair, which is then a beautiful glossy black. Some ladies undergo this operation three times a year. This process, however, in a short time injures the bulbs of the hair, and the hair ceases to grow altogether, a just punishment to those who would oppose nature. We find, that nature will not be interfered with. Whenever our hair feels sore upon brush ing it, we may be sure there is something wrong in the first covering of the brain. It is very,easy to put a stop to this disease at the first, but if neglected, its eradication is difficult. The person to whom we are most indebted for the knowledge of water and baths is an individual whose name is'atiated with the history of this town, and is a n ame whichf a scientific point of view, will stand at the highest point of eminence. He alluded to the late Dr. Currie, who had set forth the medical advantages of bathing in the clearest and most satisfactory manner. No person will take cold after a warm bath, if h e take it properly. - A warm bath sho uld he taken in the middle of the day, if our object is to gain strength; or at night, if we wish to get rid of a fever. In the former case, an hour before dinner is the time when the most benefit can be derived from it. The great misfortune is, that the luxury being so great, per sons are induced to indulge in it too long. Ten minutes or a quarter of a hour is sufficiently long for a person to remain in a warns bath, after which, on dressing, a - person may take im mediate exercise on the streets, without any fear of taking cold. There is no necessity, as many persons think, for going to bed afterwards. It is a curious fact, that the skin upon the palms of the hand anti the soles of the feet is thicker than upon any other part of the body. Some persons would take this to be the simple result of work; but it is found to be the same when the infant is born, and shows how beautifully the Creator has pro vided for the continued labour which these organs have to per form. The eye is a body which has relation to our fine senses. It is constructed upon the principle of optics. We find that the eye is covered by a tough transparent coat, which is called the , cornea. Through it the light enters in conformity with the laws of optics. One of these laws is, that light always travels in straight lines so long as it passes through media of uniform density. .Another is, that whenever a ray of light passes from one body into another of different density, it is bent out of its right line or refracted. When it is bent back it is said to. be reflected. Thus, when a ray of light passes from the atmosphere into water, it is bent out of its course, because water is a denser medium than the atmosphere. In this sort of way when rays pass into dense bodies, they converge to a central point called the focus, and the eye is constructed for the purpose of accom plishing this. When we cut through the . cornea a liquid falls out. Now water being dense, the couseqence'ls, that the rays of light passing in through the tiansparent.covering are refract ed or brought towards a centre on their passage through this aqueous humour. The crystalline lens occupies the centre of the eve. It is a beautiful - body, constructed upon the principle of an increase of thickness or density from its outside towards its centre. It is.a hard body, quite transparent, and the utmost skill of opticians could not construct a body of similar power as an optical instrument on account, of the gradual increase of l density, which has been previously noticed. There are three transparent bodies in the eye—the first is supplied by water, the second by the crystalline lens , and the third b y the crystalline humour which occupies the whole of the posterior part of the crystalline lens. At the back of the eye we have a beautiful black body called the nerve of sight. It is coloured black to absorb all the rays of light which are not wanted. The impres sions of bodies are received by the optical nerve, and in this. way we are enabled to judge of the appearance of bodies. The eyes of different persons are of different. colours. This arises from a membrane called the iris, in which there is a little hole through which we see the pupil or apple of the eye. This iris has the power of contracting and dilating, so as to expose more or less of, the pupil, according to the quantity of light to which it may be exposed. Thus we find, that when the glare of a candle is suddenly thrown upon the eye, the pupil immediately contracts, and on the contrary when we leave a light room and enter a dark one it becomes larger. The object of the iris is, to shut out all extraneous light, and it contracts or dilates with out any knowledge on our part by self-acting nerves. The reason why doctors examine the eyes is to - ascertain whether the pupil has the power of contracting and dilating ; if it has not, the brain is not ina proper state, and the cause should be - immedi ately looked to. 'The question is, how are we enabled to realize all the benefits of this organ, for if the eye is so delicate - a body, it is liable to injury. In order to afford theni proper protection, the eyes are placed in deep sockets. The bone which encloses the eye next the nose is very thin and easily injured, but the outside bone is much stronger, because it is always exposed to blows. But the eye has to move about in the socket, and in order to enable it. to do so with eas', -the socket is: filled up with fat to act as padding. When persons pet ill this fat is absorbed, and the eye milks in. When a man's. eye sticks out it is a sign that he en joys too much of the good- things of this world. There is another contrivance by which we are enabled to realizelatuefit. Supposing our eyes were fixed in our bodies, so that we mist turn our bodies whenever we ,wished to look at a person, we should be very uncomfortable; but, in order to save us this trouble, the .eyes,areentlow.erl withfour muscles,, one of which, is Olaced above; anotlier- below, and the otheil . at each Side. . . Even this, however,;.Would be insufficient. The face of the eve must be protected from injury. Our eye bones form large over hanging ruins to protect the eyes from the injuries to which 'they are exposed.. There is hair growing upon the brows, which lie obliquely, And by .that contrivance turn off any perspiration which comes upon the brow, and by their elasticity throw off any substance having a tendency to fall into the eyes. Persons who lose their eyebrows experience a great many miseries, which would surprise those who have them. In addi tion to these we have eyelids, which are a decided convenience. When - we look, at the sun, Our eyelids immediately close ; in deed, if we had them not, eur sight would be destroyed by the powerful light of the sun. In order to .enable us to close our eyelids, we have muscles which raise of.depress them agreeably to our will. The upper eyelid has more motion than the lower one, and sometimes its muscle becomes palsied, in which case, the afflicted individual has to raise the eyelid with his hand. We have got lashes attached to these eyelids which completely close up the openings to the eyes, by the manner in which they insert themselves into one another.. Our eyelids would be apt .to grow together by being closed for so bang a time, wer& it not that in their margin there is a very beautiful thing called a fringe. There is likewise introduced into the margin of each eyelid, pieces of stiff gristle called tarsi, which stretches out to the proper extent. There is another contrivance : there are an immense number of little glands which secrete and pour out a quantity of oil to anoint the margins of the eyelids. This goes on every moment of our lives. Some children get diseases in their eves, and these glands do not perform their duty, but on the contrary secrete a quantity of. unhealthy, indeed, poisonous matter. By frequently washing their eyes with milk and water .this complaint is readily cured. Persons who get sand or some such like matter into the eyes, sometimes cause themselves con siderable pain by rubbing their eyes. Now, we have inside .of the eye a tear hag, which we call the lachrymal gland ; Which is the wash-house fur washing the eye. This cistern is supplied with blood-vessels. Whether we cry or do not cry, this tear vessel is always pouring Out moisture, provided it is in a proper state; and when a person gets anything into the eye, this gland secretes a great quantity of water, which it pours out all over the eye. To shed tears is one of the greatest reliefs in the world. Men cannot cry, and in consequence they frequently go mad. Women can, and therefore, they rarely go mad. Thus we see in some novels, when the heroine is placed in a critical situation, " nature came to her relief, and she shed a flood of tears." Many persons get rid of headaches by a good flow of tears. If, when a person has got any dust in his eye, instead of rubbing it, he would only - pull up the upper eyelid, the tears would rundown and remove the irritating body. At the margin of the eves there are two little ducts which receive the sears when they have done their duty, and carry them into the no - se. There is a little red body at the corder of the eyes, next-the nose, which is called a gland, which secretes a poison which is very unpleasant to insects, and keeps them away. This little gland passes out during the night a quantity of water. Many persons think they cannot do any harm to their eyes. and you will frequently see persons on the top of a coach read ing books; this is bad, because, as the coach shakes you are always altering the axis of vision, which injures the vision. There is not a class of her Majesty's subjects which is worse treated than mantuamakers. They sit from morning to night stitching, and their sight is injured sooner than that of any other class of persons. The eyes of watchmakers are very much injured, and you will find that watchmakers are cut off much &niner than clockmakers. We should remember that our eves were given to us for use, and we should endeavour to do all the benefit we can for them, by treating theta as they were intended to be used. ANNUAL MEETING . CIP THE CHURCH DIOCESAN SOCIETY. Yesterday morning, at twelve o'clock, the third annual meet ing of the Chester Diocesan Society, was held in the Chapel of the Blue Coat Hospital, the Lord Bishop of Chester, in the chair. The meeting was respectably attended, and there was a n l trot ig v.eci e ihl,neeh a ete s oßßab s egeg i inrshhvsbDteti I:g:neec.evve o ais Aifeccaeftni CHAIRMAN eusAA e rno: c ßwt ttel;ehtirfAtiAgeyNNyhh: of i the opening diocese the e p upon the Rev. Mr. Lawrence, the secretary, to implore the T he re m se ee e t t Mg, called they th m esaid,t gwhetr eso assembleds a a s o e f p representatives e h s fe e l n r, t ts a ht I steward ship--to ‘ v vt ehasir third e s ivi h elhaa i e i ds i o ui itlh i n •e dm i a l in ; : e hn r ttve a nd n all,n a la, r count of the sums committed to their charge, especially by the inhabitants of Liverpool, to whom it was, on e therefore fit, that they should render an account. He trusted, that they should be able to do this with joy, and not with grief, k , r ti t . suh thankful. of the Very w hee a r s yc o r forn u u n c t l r i yw h considerableic which cbh ua t tab change few c d d, great eaerns taahgdaiit of o nt , present e d a ve ry d a rk sp o t in the moral, and .religious world. Many o f th ose bla c k s p o t s had been retrieved, and he trusted, the r esu lt s t o b e ex p ec t e d were such as they looked for. With regard to t o th e Di o c e san Society, it must be remembered itsst i t h c a c t es e s, asy and ea t l h cl e ua re ti s o u n l , ts an o d f dwilidant not t t m ha a d ke di s m uc e h , ( a lid fig n in ci e t on paper as the reports of the operations of some societies made. They could not count so large a number of individual churches, or so large a number of persons accommodated as might hate been done, if the object wasdiffereot t o what ii was. But the object of this society was not to assist those who had assistance teem other societies, or had resources within them selves; its object was rather to do for those who were destitute of means, what they themselves could not accomplish, and to assist those who could not be assisted by other societies. The consequence was, that larger expenditure had taken place in certain individual churches, than would have been the ease, if the objects of the society had been different. They set out with the idea of being the friends of the wretched; or if they did not like to take an idea from anything so me;ancholy as death, let them take it from Him who sought those, who, with out Him, were lost—to raise those, who, without Him, were without the knowledge of being able to raise theinselves. It was the object of the society to go to those desolate places where no great funds or ample resources could be found, but where, without aid, they must remain destitute. But, notwith standing, that they should be able to show a considerable num her of churches that had grown up under the assistance, and auspices of this society; and they tnust remember, that of those churches they should so exhibit, not perhaps, oue fourth of them —not five out of twenty would have existed at all without the assistance of this society; that, as far as they went in the re port, they were actual creations. (Hear.) Another thing he wished to mention, that they were not to suppose, that they were mentioning in the report all that had been done without the aid of the society. On the contrary, it would tell them' nothing of the new churches building at Manchester, of which four or five were in progress in the last few years, since the society had been established. It would not tell them of the new church recently erected at Rortenstall, nor at Walton, nor of the church erected by Mr. Greenall, at St. Helens, nor of the new church at Prescot. Nor still inure should they tell them of other churches erected out of the beat of the society. They did not take all these things to themselves, and they therefore, did not intrude them into the report. But it was necessary that they should know, that there were these different gleams in their prospect, though they did not come within the view of their own picture. But there was another thing which they might fairly speak of, which still less came w ithin the province o lcalculation; he meant the general inrpulse which had been g iven, (applause,) which, he trusted, would not stop till the districts which had hitherto been looked upon as places of des titution, should have been provided with that without which they were poor indeed. For example, t hey could take no ac count here of the number of scho ols which- were growing up under the auspices of churches , which were wineno operation. In almost all the large manufacturing districts thr were now schools which did, in fact, supply the place of churches. There were as many of these as there were of churches, and perhaps as many persons received religious instruction iu thole school rooms as in the churches, and the instruction there given was quite as adequate to furnish the means of glace. Let no one say there was any degradation in this. Let them consider the origin of our religion. What was It but a small seed? What was it but a little at first which now furnished capability of, shelter to the world. Let them consider again the scriptural authority they had for purposes of this kind. How was it un der the Jewish dispensation, where, for a length of time, for many hundred years, where was the ark of God and the coven ant but in a tent, and moved from place to place as the people. had to move ? And yet God did not withhold his blessing from that ark which was in that tent; and so those who were two or three miles distant from their parish churches would find a blessing in those schools, in which situations they often found two or three thousand persons. Though they might not be able to raise a church, they weie still able to find a place might the truths of the gospel were preached, and where they might learn those things which appertained to their everlasting inter est, and where, in the progress of things, the event might be as it was in the Jewish dispensation. There was a time when it was no longer suitable that God should be so worshipped, and then He raised up one in whose mind he taught to have a tem ple worthy of Him. " Behold," said David, " what luxuries am I surrounded by? I dwell in a house of cedar, whilst the ark of God dwelleth in curtains. It ought not to he." So might in the end in our populous districts. There might be many, h e hoped, who would tise up and say, God should not be worship ped becauseimpropriety t h h a e t r t e h e w truths (p) f i His n that religion y .w who lo washe re roo m elsewhere, should be performe d in a ver y humble build ing,bmo gn might tn be 's while there was room to preach his doctrines in a church — till the population should say, " we dwell in houses of cedar; God has blessed us; how can we best show the sense we have of the distinction which he has afforded us." We will not give sleep to our eyes, nor slumber to our eyelids, till we find a tem ple fittin. for the Lord. (Hear.) Th erefore let them not de spise the day of small things; let them not despise the humble building where the minister may preach those truths which be has not the power to do elsewhere. One word on the subject of funds. They had trot husbanded their funds; they thought that they had been placed in their hands that they might be spent, and therefore they had sent them; and he believed before they left that room, that day, that they should be £1001) worse than y ad m_u b s e t e a n t h le is as h t op e e x , p i e n n t d he E . more t thanhe llast t t their funds, take e f nothing. They had ten applications to assist churches that day; andthe h course of the public gave them leave, they should do it in faith. It cer tainlynieasures for the more permanent provision tor the great object, for forwat ding which they were met, than it now had. But last year had not been a favourable one. In the present year they might look forward under the favour of God to make themselves there known in the provinces than they had done—to slake themselves as well k nown as i n th e me tr o polis of Liverpool. H is clergy would allow him to send a letter, in the course of the summer, requesting that collections might be made in their churches fur this great object. In that way he trusted they should proceed in the measures they had begun, and in which they hail so greatly prospered. They had set an example for others to follow. He was sure that as friends of their established religion, they had chiefly to objects of this kind to make their church strengthen her cords, and strengthen her tents; and the way to strengthen her tents, was by adapting herself to the in creasing wants of the population. In that way he trusted that they should see as they had hitherto seen, that the God of David was present. He trusted that our church would be able to hand to those who came after her what she had herself received, the lamp of pu re an d undefiled religion. (Hear.) He concluded ‘ with calling on the Rev. Chancellor Raikes to read the report. The .Rev. Chancellor RAIKES then proceeded to read the report.' ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT. " In presenting this their third report to the public, the com mittee of the Chester Diocesan Church Building Society desire to begin by recording their gratitude to God, the authOr s and giver of all good, for the measure of assistance they have hither- . to enjoyed, and the success which they are enabled to report. If that assistance has been in any quarter less than had been originally expected, or-if that success-may still seem, as it un • questionably is,- but disproportioned to the greatness •of the Wants which have been specified ; if the sums that have been raised seem inadequate to the - charge of meeting the demands of a population so vast and so increasing; and if the efforts already made --the work already accomplished—seem. lost-nut of sight in the overwhelming magnitude of the work that is before them, your committee can only remind you that they anticipated these alternations of , hope and •disappointments; that they gave no encouragement to the idea that the evil could be . remedid at once ; nor did they diminish in their representations the amount of the difficulty to be overcome; on the contrary, they would remind you tti - at they admitted from the first that the magnitude of the want was such, that it might have justly claimed a na tion's care, and been made the object of a nation's bounty. L They no de a ; representation of the actual disproportion between, the church-accominodatieu and the pollulatiun, which proved ~a te; that no private resources were adequate to meet the call. They admitted that the stated increase in the pOpulation would alone require a larger sum than they anticipated as their income, in order to meet the accession of numbers by the enlargement Of church accommodation ; and they confessed that if they went out with the avowed intention of doing all tadl wag required—of supplying all that was needed— of redre,sing the accumulated consequences of a century •of neglect, their plan 'night he con sidered visionikry and hopeless. - - • " If the osteusible supply has fallen short of what they thought might have been realized, the work has never been .standing still. No application for assistance, as yet, has been rejecte ' d . for want of funds; and if all that they desired to do, has' net been done, or not. been done through their instrumentality, they ,rejoice to sta'te.that God has raised up fellow labourers, who •have come to their help,—who have taken, or are about to take on themselves some portion of the burden, and that an impulse has been given to private benevolence which seems likely to diminish the necessity for public interference. "It may be sufficient this respect to print to the separate associations, which have been formed for local objects only, in the tewne Df Manchester, Bury, and Bolton. • " Your committee have now, then, to advert to the state of the funds, on which the extent of future exertions must depend. They have first to acknowledge with gratitude the realization of that plan which was alluded to in the last year's reportbut which it was not thought expedient to include in the last year's ac count. A hundred individnals were induced to subscribe £5O each, for the general purposes of the society. The plan,origina ted in Liverpool, and but for a peculiar concurrence of circum stances it would have been accomplished there, Difficulties having delayed its progress, the co-operation of friends in other pelts of England was invited, and the tesult was successful. To that true spirit of benevolence which thus prompted the friends of the church in Liverpool to lose sight of their own more immediate wants in contemplating the religious destitution of other districts, the committee feel that some special expres sion of gratitude lie due. The necessities of their own neigh bourhood were urgent and great, but they had the kindness to consider the necessities of others as greater, and freely offered, in the relief of the poorer and more leStittite districts, a bounty which might have been most usefully employed at horne " Your Committee trust that benevolence like this will not go without its reward; and they who have watered others will be watered also themselves, and that the liberality they have exercised towards the community will be returned by the com munity to them if necessity should require it. • "The amount of annual subscriptions paid up to the present date, and for the year 1837, is £1037 3s. The collections in churches for the last year have yielded £9B Ills. Bd., and the sums announced as donations, in chief part belonging to the , Liverpool fund, amount to £4953 165., forming aortal not much exceeding £6OOO. " The balance we have seen of the general account shows that'a sum of about £BBOO remains in the hands of their several bankers. Of this sum £6160 is already pledged, and will pro bably he drawn out in the course of the year. t' resh applica tions for assistance are being daily poured in, and the cry of a population just awakening to spiritual wants, and asking for relief, is repeated in our ears. Calls are being addressed to the Church of England, as a common mother of us all, from quarters where the feeling of attachment was hardly supposed to exist, and a little more seems needed than a hearty and united effort on the part of her friends to raise her again to the position which she ought to occupy—to make her the source of light, and comfort, and hope, to the great mass of her popula tion, and to put the whole country more than ever in unity of spirit and in the bond of peace: " The committee regret that they are now called to announce a loss the society is about to sustain by the withdrawal of Mt. Dorsfall from the situation of treasurer. The duties connected with this office encroach too much on the tune that he can spare, and in returning the abstract of our complicated accounts, which he has this year had the goodness to draw up, he communicated his wish - to resign the office which he has tilled with so much advantage to the society. Your committee, while they deeply regret his decision, can only do it with expressions of gratitude for the valuable services he has already rendered; and it the society is no longer to enjoy the benefit of his superintendence, they must be thankful that the sanction of his name and the• benefit of his council was extended to it when it stood most in need of such advantages—when it was going forth as a candidate for public confidence, and its acceptance depended on the pa tronage it met with " With this announcement the committee would close this report. If they have trespassed upon the patience of their hearers by its length, they must plead the importance of the cause, the variety of interests which are at stake and involved in the interests of this society. On its progress depends, as far as human judgements extend, the dearest destiny of thousands, of hundreds of thousands of our countrymen. On the success of its exertions it depends, whether our manu facturing districts - shall prove a source of wealth and power to the country, exhibiting a beautiful and unrivalled combination of intellectual activity, of increasing wealth, and redundant population, 'or whether they shall be a volcano which shall scatter devastation over the land, and poison the springs of its prosperity. " But your committee are unwilling to press temporal motives as arguments in this cause. They aim at higher ends than the stability of present advantages ; and they feel that a deeper re sponsibility rests on those who have the power of contributing, than that of maintaining good order and propriety. They be lieve that, in a Christian community, power of doing good con veys the duty of doing good; that each individual is bound to seek the spiritual welfare of others, as well as his own ; and that it is impossible to escape from the obligation without rendering all these, in the consolations and hopes of the gospel. " If these words reach the ears of any who yet have not weighed the duty which they inculcate, the committee would draw their attentions to the words of scripture, as the sum of this appeal :—' If thou forbear to deliver them that are drawn to death, and them that are ready to be slain ; if thou sayest, Behold we saw it not; doth not He that pondereth the heart consider it, and lie that keepeth thy soul cloth not he know it? and shall not he render to every man according to his works.' Proverbs xxiv., 11 12." The Rev. Receott Bnoolcs then came forward with great pleasure to move the first resolution, "that the report now read be printed and circulated, under the direction of the committee." As it would be one of the great means of extending the know ledge and usefulness of this society, he thought it would not re quire many observations from him to show the piopriety of the meeting adopting this resolution. After the full manner in whe report had gone into the proceedings of this society. and after the observations of his Lordship in opening the business of the day, he thought it must be clear to every one that there existed a necessity for additional church room in all the popu lous parts of this diocese was beyond doubt; and that the only meaus by which they could accomplish this must be by the exer tions of the church itself. Time was when it was not considered unreasonable that the national church of England was fairly en titled to a portion of the national revenues ; and when the executive government of the country had no difficulty in pro posing to parliament that it should apply a portion of its reve nues to the furtherance of that pure established form of worship which had been adopted in the country, and carry its blessings into every family in the kingdom. Those times had now passed away ; and he believed they must all be convinced that if the church of England wanted the means of doing good. or of ex tending its usefulness, it must be by the exertions of her mem bers. lie trusted it would be the means of teaching her that she had an energy within herself, and powerful resources of which she was not before conscious. Indeed they might say that this had already taken place. If they looked throughout the kingdom, it was a most gratifying thing to reflect on, and that day had given another proof of the e intluence of meetings like the present. It was gratifying to reflect that such institu tions as this were not confined to one or two diocesei, but were become general throughout the kingdom. To his lordship it must. be gratifying; he was very early in the field, and one of the first to suggest to his clergy and the lay body over whom they preside, the necessity of exertions of this sort; and It mus: be very gratifying to him to find that this plan had been taken up by the kingdom at large, and that these meetings were now established in every diocese. They raised a great deal of cash ' in this kingdom for different purposes. A great deal of money had been raised to carry Christianity to foreign parts. With the object of this he quite agreed; the spirit of our religion was not exclusive; it would carry Christianity to every poet of the world. But he was aware that they had peculiar obligations to themselves; that though they were called on to assist other places, yet they were more imtnediately bound to assist them selves. They ought first to take care of the wants of those bound to them by closer ties; and then when that was done, let those who had the means apply them to other purposes but he could not think that those did rightly who carried their charity to things at a distance, and neglected their own homes. He concluded wtlh moving the resolution. (Applause.) The Rev. Mr. BYRTH, reeler of Wallasey, rose to second the resolution. He could not second the resolution without ex pressiug a wish, if the report were printed, that it should be extensively circulated in every part. For it partook more, he thought, of the nature of a recommendatory appeal on behalf of the cause of the society, especially to the members of the Church of England; at least, in as much as it was a report of the proceedings of the past year. It appeared to him impos sible, that any friend of the church could read the report with out seeing the absolute necessity that there was, that the church should come forward to her own help; and in the second place, that the iuthience that might already be expected. from the strong reaction which he believed had taken place in the public. mind, with regard tv the church. He agreeded with the lector, that the national church had a claim on the national revenues. It did appear to him absurd, that the church, which was called the national church, should not have national support. Ile con tended, that the Church of England was a voluntary church, it had been raised by the voluntary contributions of their ances tors, and it was only returning to the original principle of the support of the Church of England through the interven tion of this society. And while it was in vain to make an appeal to the executive of the land fur national support, they ought to be thankful that they should not makean appeal to the people in vain for support. In the report, a careful observer might perceive in various parts of the country, expressions of attachment to the church; and every one must be struck with this, that in those districts whore there was an evident want of the instruction of the Church of England, if her own efforts did not supply that want, there was no other body in the country that would; and, therefore, he trusted, that, the report would be circulated far and wide. It wag by this means only, that the Church would become again the light and glory of the World, and looked up to by all, but a very small . minority. Church of England men appeared to labour under a great mis take; they imagined that they were contributing independently of such societies as this, a large portion of their wealth to the support of the church, whereas, the fact was, they gave nothing, If a man paid his tithes he gave the incumbent nothing but his right; he only gave what was his duty to pay, even if he did pay it to the church; and yet if was suppoSed, that a great sacrifice Was made, and much was contributed, and a large portion of wealth was given by payMent of tithes. Every line knew that this was a falsity who would examine that subject; and then an appeal might be made to the population, " What do you dd to support this cause ?" . They almoSt did nothing. When this was known, the people would rise as one man to the support of the church, and give their wealth to meet its exigencies.— , (Applause.) The Rev. CHAIRMAN then put the resolution, which was unanimously carried. Mr.T. B. HORSFALL said he Wad been requested to move the next resolution, "That it is the conviction of this meeting that the welfare of this country is closely ; connected with an ade quate provision of church accommodation and pastoral super intendence, a provision of which many places are deprived, from the rapid increase of ,population." The former part of the le solption contained a 'principle which few in, that room would feel dispoSed to question; What the latter part asserted Might be easily proved, by a reference to the large and growing pupu lationby Which ,they were surrounded at that moment. The principle laid down in the resolution •was, that au Additional ' provision, forchurch accommodation and pastoral superintend a nee be provided; and that. on that depended in a great degree the welfare of this •country. This was a patriotic principle ; and if they a warded to those men who advocated political opi nions which they deemed calculated • for the .beuefit. of ihe country the title of patriots, surely that man who exerted .him self, for the .establishment of such societies as this, •fur pro moting the spiritual welfare and benefit of his country, might • be called a true patriot. But he would proceed with the second partof the resolution. It asserted the fact that the rapid in. crease of the population prevented the necessary church ac commndation and pastoral superintendence. A mere reference, as he had said to the population by which.. tve we re surrounded, proved that fact. He believed that in . l63illie census of Liver- .~ ~,,~ pool Was in the parish 165,000 inhabitatifs sit' Cd that tin 4 they had only had one email church erected in the parish, whild ' the population had increased to something like 35 t040,000' peoples, ao that instead of one chureh a they ought to have had from 15 to 20 churches: He Was aware that sites for churches in;Liverpool- were not easily attained; add when attained, it • must be at inannoits cost.• H e would therefore suggeit to the committee the , arupriety of rendering the, churcheaa/ready cre ated as efficient as possible ; and this might be dune cation to tae clergy of the town, who had not a third service to grant their•chdraties, and let them appoint a minister to give one service more on the Sunday, and. one on a week day even ing. This plan would make the churches they had more effi cient than now. He was quite aware that -some objected to this; but the-more-the objections were looked into the more , trifling they would appear ;_andatiese•were not times when the Church of England could allow weight •to trifling objections:. There was no doubt' but that this plan' Would do great good: The enemies of our church' wete active on the right hand and on the left, and it behoved the member; of the church to be active, and, like the Israelites of old; white they erected• their churches with one hand to defend them with the other: (Hear.) Mr. Bytth had spoken of our church being •a volun tary church; he would not enter into that question; but there was no doubt that dais society was a voluntary society, and was calculated to stop the reproaches thrown at the clergy—that they refused to act on the principles of primitive equality, when , the first Christian society had all things in common. He felt convinced that the Church of England was gaining ground in the affections of the PeOple; and if the cleigy continued faith fully to preach the, truth as it was in Jestrs, and were supported by the laity, he was convinced that the church would be the best bulwark of the land—a stay to the throne, a support of the laws, and a blessing to the country. (Applause.) . • • ' The Rev: Dr. BLACKBURN rose to second the resolution. He congratulated the meeting that this society had been the fore runner of many similar societies in England. He was certain that every true lover of the Church of England must behold with peculiar satisfaction the formation of these societies, which were proceeding in the most admirable manuer in the work of for the improvement of the mass of our population; for it was not only in the manufacturing districts and commercial ports that the population was increasing, but it was increasing generally in a ratio that bid defiance to all calculation. If, as some political economists hada told them, population increased ih a geometrical ratio, and the .means' for providing for the scriptural teaching of the population could only increase in an aritlitnetticai ratio, it was clear that the funds for building churches could never by possibility be sufficieut. The forma- , tam of such societies as these tended by example to carry the principle further into action; they were encouraged by example to contribute to such good objects. He was ;mate that objec tions had been made to this society and others of a similar na ture, as if the Church of England were departing from some system- that had been front tithe imineinorial observed by her. He believed, if investigated, that it would be tuned that that observation had no foutidation whatever in fact ; for, if by the voluntary system they meant sapportink religion by free bounty and liberality, he asserted that such a system had been pursued by the Church of England raver since she was a church. It was true, indeed, that it was the duty of every christian government to support some form of religion; but it was not the duty of government to do every thing towards its suppart. He conceived that all classes and all persons were hound to eontribute their quota of assistance to the great cause of troth and religion, whatever their means might be, from the king on his throne to the poorest of his subjects. Every indivi dual had some means peculiar to himself of assisting in the great work, and Grid would bless the efforts that were made with such a good object. He contended, that much greater good was done by getting people to subscribe towards a church, and thus take an interest in it, than in providing them a church without such subscription ; for, in the latter •case ; it took a length of time to excite an interest in the people and procure a congregation ; while, in the former, there was a full congrega tion as soon as the church was consecrated. He concluded with seconding the resolution, which was unanimously carried. The Rev. JAMES FANNA DY, the vicar of St. Helens; rose with much pleasure to propose the third resolution, "that, for the reasons assigned in the second resolution, it was desirable that the Diocesan Society should - receive the support of all ranks of the community."' He thought that the welfare of the country was connected with an adequate provision for church accommodation was evident to every individual. Whatever gave security to the church, would also give stability to the country. They had seen this exemplified in various districts where churches had been erected under the supetiutendance of this society. He had seen instances in large manufacturing districts, where great discontent prevailed amongst the lower, classes on certain state subjects, which had lately agitated the public mind ; and no sooner had that district come under the pastoral superintendance of some minister appointed for the district, than they had seen that spirit of discontent at once re reroovedo and the individuals so brought under this pastoral sua perintendance, becoming not only regular attendants at their churches, but also good subjects of their country. He would venture to mention one fact. Some three or four years ago, there was great discontent in the country on the subject of. church-rates, and in that particular district attached to the pa . rish with which he was connected tbere was a chapel of ease built. In the previous year, the whole population of the dis trict went to the parish church, in order to oppose the usual annual chtierch rate; but the very year after the erection of this edifice, though the'same parties endeavoured to excite the same population to the same act, not a single individual could be induced to come from that particular district for that put pose. (Hear.) They saw in this fact the effectual benefit of ' societies like the otie whose welfare they were then met td promote. He contended, that dissent had assumed a very different aspect to what it formerly put on. It was now most), clearly connected with every thing which they as churchmen a ought to deprecate and avoid. They saw the connection form. ing between dissenters and certain political parties in the state they saw as a body that they were directly opposed to the es a tablished church, and they ought to bear it in mind that unless the church came forward and supplied the religious wants of, the population the dissenteri would do it instead, and a popu lation inimical to the estabbshed church would g 'ow up. The town of St. Helens contained a population of li,ooo souls, and possessed church accommodation for only 20(X); the remainder were thus excluded from the benefit of religions ins; ruction, and there was danger that they would grow up immoral and dissi pated, and communicate their habits to their children. It there ' fore required a strong and unanimous effort on the part ref 'her clergy and the laity to come forward and support this great and glorious cause of providing ehurch accommodation for the po pulation. He concluded by proposing the resolution, • 'THOMAS Gaoves, Esq., briefly seconded the resolution, which was carried unanimously. The Rev. FIELDING Ocao rose to propose the next resolu tion, "that the meeting desires to return thanks to ALsttG H TY. GOD for the increase of church accommodation and pastoral: superintendence." There were a few statistical facts con nected with this subject, which when addressed to the attention of individuals, made, iu his judgement, a more forcible appeal than any speech. There were in England not fewer than five• millions of individuals who attended no place of worship what- soever from want of church accommodation ! and taking the average duration of human life at 30 years they had 166,001 in dividuals annually dying, unblessed by the means of grace; or to bring the calculation loa et down, 430 a day. Now if it were a fact that this diocese contained a population of upyraids of one million and a half, that population increased 40,000 au nually ; that being the fact what an alariniug disproportion be tween church accommodation and increase of population was• exhibited. He imagined that these facts were calculated to make a powerful impression on every individual who had a heart to feel. The resolution called on them to express their gratitude to Almighty God; this Was a special duty, that they should return him thanks; and how better con ci they do it than in' copying after the example of the man "alter His own heart," by *demonstrating that they appreciated the advantages than they enjoyed, by carra•itia out, each in his own sphere, the great objects which the society had in view, and studding over. the whole of this diocese with temples of glory to God, where succeeding generations might experience the happy fulfilment , of God's promises, " in all places where my name is called there will I come and bless.", (Hear.) The Rev. JOHN HENRY GUNNING seconded the resolution,. which he briefly advocated, and which was unanimously passed: The Rev: CrisaCat.Loir RAiKEs next proposed, in 'a short speech, the re-election of the committee fur the ensuing year, which was seconded I.y the Rev. E. GIRDLESTONE, and unani mously passed. - • The Rev. Dr. Calms Wrasota rose to move "That the ref. spectful thanks of the meeting. be given to the Lord Bishop o the Diocese, feahis support generally to the society,. and more especially for his services in the chair ort. that occasion." •He thanked the society for the assistance it had afforded him in providing extended church accommodation for the population of Preston. of which place he aaa tl e incumbent. Owing to its assistance having been all irdeh it had excited a spitit which before lay dormant, and now four churches were in progress of being built, two of which were so independent of all assistance front the sociPt v. „ The Rey; Mr. BYwrii seconded the resolution, wh . c'a was carried by acclamation. The Right Rev. CHAIRMAN briefly returned thanks, and the meeting separated at two o'clock. THE LIVER THEATRE.—The lovers of fun -and pantomime are now offered a treat at this theatre. " Laughter holding his sides" riots in the luxuriance of risible enjoyment at the feats of Me,sts. Brown, King, and Gibson. The pantomime is well worth seeing. ORATORIO FOR THE BENEM OF THE POOR.--We are glad to find that en oratorio, fur tile relief of the poor, will take place, under distinguished patronage, on Tuewlay evening, the 6th of March, at the Theatre Royal. The Messiah of Handel, with Mozart's accompaniments, is the, piece selected for per formance. From the well-known efficiency of the Choral So ciety, we are justified in stating, that ample justice will be done to this splendid composition. , PR. A-RNOTT'S THERMOMETER SToVits.—Much public in terest has recently been excited by the introduction of a stove on an entirely new principle, invented by the celebrated Dr. Arnott. By means of this stove a delightful summer tempera- ture may be obtained An our sitting •roottis and offices in the severest weather, at a•cost of about twopence per day. Our townsmen, Messrs. Bennett, whose advertisement wi►l be found in another column, have recently fitted up several for gentlemen in the vicinity, and have, we understand, made arrangements for manufacturing them on an extensive scale. - • RELIEF OF T 146 Poo4.—The committee for distributing relie amongst the poor, resident in St. Ann's Ward, bßve been most indefatigable in prosecuting their benevolent enterptise. On. Saturday last, the Kist day of operation, no fewer that 1800 families were relieved; some of them in a most abject state of destitution. Every case is carefully inquired into, and the relief administered by visitors, whose duty it is to see that the funds raised by the benevolence of the public are duly adminis tered. We are of opinion, that,these local associations are the best calculated to meet the necessities of the poor at this incle ment season of the year: Already the sum of £l6O has been raised in this Ward. We hope the other districts will imitate so good an example. "THE FEAST OF' REASON AND THE, FLoW OF Sor . r.."-- Our contemporary of the Albion inquires in a notice to cor-: respondents in his yesterday's paper " will any one inform us from what'poet's works this hackneyed quotation is taken? —We wilt enlighten him. .He will find it .in Pope's " First Satire of the Second Book of Horace imitated" at the 128th line. For his benefit we transcribe the verse : "There, my retreat the best companions grace, Chiefs out of war, and statesmen ont:of place. There St. John mingles with my princely bowl The feast of reason and the flow of soul." THE STEAMER URGENT.—A paragraph 'has gone the round , of the papers stating that owing to the severe gale on Saturday week, Captain Emerson, of the Urgent, was obliged to put into llolvheatt. We must, in justice to Captain Emerson, set the , public right in the matter. We learn that whett•withintwo,. bouts sail of the new Light. Ship,' one, of Ow. ,41e Jevers bloke. ) , She was then of course reduced to one engine, and as the gale still continued to rage in all its fury; Captain Emerson deemed, it his duty,•for the safety of all on board, to run back to Holy-. head. Captain Emerson, in a letter to a friend, says, " L never ; felt a heavier gale .in the. Channel, and the sea w as frightful ;•1 yet the Urgent never steamed less than 61 wiles an hour,—tb wind directly t o-tread, the ship like a duck on the. water, tinr tierTectly easy. .._.... r. a,:~$:Y. :~. art,-., ;. _..