The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-04-02 00:00:00

INTELLIGENC.E S FATES ,z.ki the 'arrival of •the Pi ident fron n hourly looked for, but since Sunday th to be that the Boston steamer and this anticipation has 'ect. The Britannia, which left Boston at the 16th, and Boston on the 19th instant. , rt at an early hour on Wednesday morning. New York papers to the 15th; and Boston e dates of her departure from those by the Britannia is not of that im as been generally looked for, but Mr. Fox had not transpired, and formation as to their effect .he commercial depression, in conse Every kind of speculation of 11`Leod ; some asserting that d acquitted as a matter of course ; others s that the United States go- Governor of Canada, and he burning of the Catoline. lefiance which the American ay to is much softened down; and ear from the following extract that the legislature turning to a more beci ing sense of propriety. The to the imprisonment of M`Leod, and the ;raph relat wemen espectjng it nose who profess to know, it is asserted that the ill be t new administration will be willing to make any sacrifice short of national degradation to preserve peace with Great Britain ; t the first communications from our talented and high-minded Secretary of State to Lord Palmerston will be of such a nature as to put it in the power of the British go vernment to settle all the vexed questions with mutual satis faction, honour,'and despatch. God grant it may be so." Mr. M`Leod was not to be removed to Albany, as was at one time suggested, but his trial was expected to take place at Lockport, on the 22d instant ; he himself preferring to be tried at the latter place, being conscious of his innocence. The news which the Caledonia and British Queen took out on their last trips from this country was looked for with the most intense anxiety, more especially as the receipt of the failure of the United States Bank reached London before the sailing of thoso vessets. The commercial aspect of affairs at New York and Philadelphia :remained- much the same. Money was extremely scarce. Stocks were fluctucting, but all other matters were unchanged in aspect since the date of Exthange on England stood at i to . €3 for swers in New York, and 6i for southern bills not •sed in New York, with but little business. There was emand for specie. In French bills there was an active less doing at 5 francs 30 cents. The supply of bills was , being greatly beyond the demand. In the stock mar- ie sales had not been large. United States Bank shares at 17 and 18. But little business had been done in cot- xi the prices were without variation ssts along the United States had, on the night of been visited by a fearful storm, which had done laze to the shipping and property along the shore. Memphis had been driven on shore at the Hook 'go of cotton, lead, &c. All her cargo was expected d—half in good condition. The ship would be got rsonal nature had taken place be ng, of Alabama; and, as it was sus- ly and Mr. Ki ve.JattltßoyA.L, LivAtoci/ Under tAtb ts ifanaTe4ar of Mraselittitiff**6l Lessee. FOR THE BENEFIT OF MR. WALLACK, And the Last Night but One of his Engagement, on which occasion he will appear in the characters of Julian St. Pierre in Mr. Knowles's Play of " The Wife," and Bene dick in Shakspeare's Comedy of " Much Ado about No thing." THIS present FRIDAY, April 2, 1841, will be performed Mr. Knowles's popular Play of THE WIFE: A TALE OF MANTUA. Julian St. Pierre Leonardo Gonzaga Mr. H. Holl. Ferrardo Gonzaga. Lorenzo.. Mr. W. H. Bland. 8art010...... Mr. Baker. Mariana. To conclude with Shakspeare's Comedy of MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING. Benedick Mr. Wallack. Claudio.. Mr. W. H. Bland. .Leorato.... Mr. Stuart. Dogberry.. Mr. Baker. Beatrice.. Mrs. W. H. Bland. Hero ..... Miss Cleaver, TO-MORROW, (Saturday,) the Entertainments will commence with the Drama of MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS.—After which, the Comedy of MY AUNT. Dick Dashall, (his original character,) Mr. Wallack.—To be fol lowed by the Farce of the CHILDREN IN THE WOOD. Walter, Mr. Wallack, (being his last appearance this season.) —To conclude with the Operetta of NO. LIVER THEATRE, CHURCH-STREET. LAST NIGHT OF THE SEASON BUT ONE. MR. RAYMOND'S BENEFIT, F RIDAY , April 2, on which occasion will be performed a New Drama, writ ten by a Literary Gentleman of Liverpool, entitled THE SERJEANT OF HUSSARS; OR, INDIAN HONOUR. Delany Mr. Raymond. I Susan . After which, THE NERVOUS MAN Sr- THE MAN OF NERVE! To be followed by a Performance on the celebrated ROCK HARMONICON, by the Three Sons of the Proprietor. Mr. RAYMOND, in the course of the evening, will speak an occasional Address. To conclude with a New Farce, never acted here, called THE MAJOR AND THE MINOR. . . Principal Characters by Mrs. Raymond, Miss Browne, Mr. Tilbury, Mr. Higgie, &c. Tickets and Places to be had of Mr. FoGG, at the Box Office, and at the usual places. Mr. M. JACOBS, the justly celebrated Royal Ventrilo quist, Modern Magician, and English Improvisatore, from the Strand Theatre, andon, has taken this Theatre for a limited period, and will appear here in his successful Enter tainment on EASTER MONDAY. Jr B. HEWITT, SHORT-HAND WRITER and PRINCIPAL O REPORTER tO the Liverpool Standard, respectfully informs Professional Gentlemen and Parties interested, that he purposes to supply accurate VERBATIM REPORTS of the Trials in the Nisi Prius Court at the ensuing Assizes, on terms peculiarly moderate. References permitted to Gentlemen of the highest re spectability. _ • Letters:addressed to the STANDARD OFFICE, will receive immediate attention. TO CORRESPONDENTS We have received a long letter from Dr. Molesworth, in reply to some remarks of Dr. Byrth at the Pastoral Aid Society's meeting, on Monday night. Had any personal attack been made upon Er. Molesworth, we would have inserted his communication with pleasure ; but as the speakers simply announced their own views of the society's proceedings, we do not feel called upon to allow any per son an opportunity of reply on a subject which has been sufficiently agitated, and as to which a very gratifying number of the episcopal bench and the public, lay and cle rical, entertain an opinion which does not appear to us to coincide with that of Dr. Molesworth. Our correspondents must have patience until the Assizes are over. Q 1 he Libtrpool 'taiibarb. FRIDAY MORNING, APRIL 2, 1841 No subject of agitation - presents greater facilities than that of the " Corn Monopoly," as it is called, and we are - therefore not surprised at the number of active agents employed in its service. What can be easier than to expatiate on the advantages of cheap food, or less difficult than to show that high taxation will cause high prices ? A few striking facts may be easily col lected for the nonce, such as the comparatively low price of corn in lightly taxed countries, the increase of trade and revenue which not unfrequently follows a lowering of duty, and so on. These will seem to put the case on a solid basis of facts, and give an appear ance of inquiry and figurative elaboration to the argu ment ; and then nothing will remain but to declaim against the inj stice of depressing and grinding down the many for the gain of a few ; and to " go it," as we say, in the style of Mr. Lawrence Heywood, of Yew tree, near Liverpool, and talk of "the cruel, dishonest, and, of course, impoYerishing corn-laws, which are a national iniquity, devised purposely to create scarcity and famine prices, reckless of the wide-spread poverty and destruction of human life ~which such a state of things necessarily involves." We are not disposed to speak of the anti-corn law agitation with the slightest levity. On the contrary, we think it a matter worthy of the most sJrious atten tion. When we consider how extensively and how perseveringly it is carried on, and the little opposition it encounters in its own proper field,—and when, moreover, we consider how essentially the reform bill has altered our constitution—how defenceless it has left the proprietory classes against the pressure of num bers,—it is a matter of anxious inquiry with us, what in the end is to prevent such an agitation from gaining its point ? It is difficult to come at the agitators on their own platform, and almost useless to appeal to men who have ears only for one line of argument—men to whom the argument of the agitators is readily intelligible, whilst that of their adversaries seems perplexing and intricate. The agitators have now pre-occupied their minds, and, having gained them over, can, by a due administration of "lectures," cheap publications, and the occasional assistance of almost all the liberal press, without much difficulty keep them in the same course. To attempt the conversion of a multitude so affected would he a hopeless task. They would most likely read no publications but such as favoured their own prepossessions, nor hear any speaker but one who would confirm them. Orators such as Mr. Lawrence Heywood having wound them up to the true pitch of fanaticism, it would, we say, be quite a desperate at tempt for others to endeavour to unscrew the pegs and engage them heartily in a new service. And here, having mentioned this gentleman a second time, we will not part from him without giving one more specimen of his talents and wisdom as an instructor of the people : " The crisis is now come," says this great man, " that sordid legislative restrictions on the interchange of the pro duce of labour must be removed from our code of laws, or tardy retributive justice will linger no longer, but will avenge the outrage done to our common humanity, by dis tressing more fatally our waning commerce, and causing our wretched operatives to pine away under the two-fold evil of dear bread and want of employment. The national guilt of purposely preventing, by legislative enactments, cheap bread and other necessary comforts and commodities from being brought to the dwelling of the poor, is now laid bare by the ' Report of the Select Committee of the House of Com mons on the Import Duties, with the principal Evidence ;' and a continuance of them will be a daring and presumptuous national sin, a direct rebellion against the laws of the Most High." Such is the firebrand style in which this gentleman and an hundred others of his school address the work ing classes on the subject of the corn duties ; and it is plain that if their stupid but inflammatory harangues produce any effect on those to whom they are addressed, their auditors would have but little disposition to hear any thing on the contrary part. Now, previous to the passing of that great act the Reform Bill, all this might have been endured without much apprehension. We could then rely on the de claration of a minister—" that he considered a repeal of the corn laws as little short of madness." We could repose on such a declaration then, because, as a minister, he had in the machinery of the constitution a sufficient security against the mere sic volo, sic jubeo of the masses ; but he has nothing of the sort now, and to every pressure from without he must yield, or lose his place, unless some Conservative power, on which he has no right to calculate, come fortunately and opportunely to his aid. Under those circumstances Conservatives have ma nifestly a duty cast upon them now from which they were before in a great measure exempt. The oppidau Con servatives might then say, " this corn question is one between till farmers and the manufacturers—the landed gentry and the factory folk—and there is no need for us to interfere, especially as we know that the ministry holds the balance, and is in no danger of being coerced against the general good by either side." But the Reform Bill has changed all this, and made every man more or less in point of duty a politician. No man can now say that he has nothing to do with this or al most any other great political question; for the Reform Bill, so nicknamed, has reduced our goOernment to a sort of wretched republic—such as General Harrison describes that of his great and glorious countrymen--- which, he says, ‘. a made, so can it unmake, change, breath of th e p eo ple, as it has or modify at will." Vonikm,oativeti,Niettfore, whether of the town ot the countrY,'Oe b trilanded, or mercantile and operative, or whatever other classes, are bound to assist the weak against the strong—those who have right and reason —the substantial and endUring interests of the nation on their side—against mere numbers, who deal in no thing but plausible shallowness and ostensible advan tages, which would vanish into thin air when the hand was stretched out to grasp them. The anti-corn law Radical is a creature with one eye, and that eye so constructed that he can see nothing with it but his own selfish interests. If an operative, he is so besotted as to believe that if bread were re duced one half in price, his wages would still continue the same at they now are—that employers would be so generous and disinterested as to refuse all advantages from the change theinselves, and bestow it altoge ther, and without reserve, upon their workpeople ! This is one specimen of the working of that humbug in which the agitators deal, and of the complete delusion which they contrive to cast around their dupeS. They never speak of the injury that would he done to the proprietory and farming classes—nor of those classes as being the best customer of the shopkeeper, the ma nufacturer, and the merchant—never hint at the possi bility of a war, nor of the awkward predicament we might be placed in, if we were to depend entirely on foreign countries for our daily bread. No ; to " hear the other side" would be apt to agitate and confound the agitators themselves, and they prudently avoid that course. Conservatives, however, should not neglect their duty in this regard. The leaguers have been too long permitted to deluge the country with their falla cies ; and if there be little hope of recovering men so far gone in absurdity, there is a danger of their in volving others in the same vortex with themselves, which ought to be guarded against. Mr. Alderman Evans has put forth a paper of con siderable length, which he entitles " Observations on the present State of Municipal Government in Liver pool, and its connection with. the Dock Estate;" but it might be called " A Plea for extending the powers of the Town Council." This essay, we are informed, was suggested by " intimations that attempts from without, doubtless under cover of a Liverpool and mercantile mask, are to be made to effect such changes in the constitution of the Dock government as will not only separate it immediately from the influence, but eventually place it in collision with the Town Council." And upon these intimations the Alderman has drawn his pen to prove that such changes should not be made, and to shew that the municipal authority generally is in so weak and helpless a state, that it needs an aug mentation, not a diminution, of its privileges and pa tronage in every conceivable direction. It would not be possible for us in a single article to dispose of all the topics introduced in this paper, and we shall for the present content ourselves by a brief notice of one or two only. And, first, we would be glad to suggest to our pensive Alderman, when we find him, like another Scipio at the ruins of Carthage, bewailing the fallen estate of the municipality, that it is easier to destroy than to build up—much less diffi cult to lay an ancient institution prostrate in the dust, than to restore its former, or anything like its former imposing aspect or utility. The ancient corporations were sacrificed to democratic ambition, and were yield ed up on the levelling cry of monopoly and excess ; they were broken up to take power, and place, and authority out of the hands of the few, and distribute them among the many ;—and now Mr. Alderman Evans comes forward, the representative—and a very able and efficient one, we admit—of this triumphant democracy, to complain that the reformed municipality is in a most miserably shorn state, and bare of retinue and patronage nearly as poor King Lear, when he had given away his kingdom. Such are the triumphs of democracy, and such the lamentations to which they lead, within so short a period after the shouts of vic tory have ceased to vibrate on our ears ! The Alderman goes back upon the history of the reformed municipalities, and argues that the fault of this low and distressing state of things is attributable, not to the democracy, but to the jealousy of the aris tocratic classes. The Tories, we grant, were unwilling to commit the patronage. of the " Church" to the in coming party ; but in most other instances where our author complains of the reduced and impoverished condition of the municipality, he has to settle accounts not with the Tories, but with his friends the Whigs, and that absorbing and centralising ambition of theirs, by which they have been led to draw so,much power, and by which they are still instigated, if possible, to draw more, from the provinces to the main citadel in the metropolis. But not to dwell on these points at present, we would pass to the main question at issue, which is— Are we to admit the plea that the Town Council is too weak, and ought to be strengthened; and that, as a small contribution to that end, it should be favoured with an extensive share in the management of the docks and new warehouses ? The Alderman attri butes the unwillingness to concede increased powers to the municipality, generally, as we have remarked, to what he calls aristocratic jealousy; and he endea vours to meet this feeling by contending that increas ing the patronage would not be increasing the political influence of the municipal body, but rather the re verse : but he is completely mistaken on both points; indeed, the fundamental error on which all his reason ing is built lies here. The contest is one between SOUND CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE AND ITS OPPOSITE ; and not merely one, as the Alderman supposes, between aristocracy and democracy. The objection is not to give adequate support and power to the municipality, but to give them to men whose principles we do not approve of. This is the turning point in the controversy ; and we tell the Alderman that, until either he and many of his associates in the Council very much improve in their doctrinal notions, or until their places are supplied by better men, the same jealousy of municipal ascendancy that now exists will continue to exist, and leave the local government in possession of little more than the empty honours of " Town-hall, mace, and 'sword of state." As to the question of comparative fitness as between the Dock Committee men appointed by the Council and those elected by the Dock rate-pavers, which the Alderman discusses at great length, we must defer its consideration to another opportunity. It is, however, not the primary question ; that is what we have stated; and while such an obstacle remains, we cannot con ceive how too much vigilance can be exerted to keep the local government in that very condition of which Mr. Evans speaks so feelingly. It is only natural and reasonable that men should withhold power from those of whose principles they do not approve. It is quite right that they should do so. The Whigs formerly attempted to separate the Dock estates from the "old" Corporation ; and why ? Because the Corporation was Tory. And we do not blame the attempt; it was quite consistent in itself. Well, that order of things is exactly reversed ; and why now should Whigs blame Conservatives for practising the lesson themselves have taught ? Let us have a Conservative Council, and we shall be found more tractable ! We like plain speak ing—and thus it is. Let us, we say, have a Council of good Conservatives,—of men who will support Church and State in a fair, above-board fashion—men who will show no favour to Popery, Papists, or Revo lutionists ;—and as we conceive there would be no danger, so we shall he not unwilling to entrust such men with the most ample powers; but whilst the present regime continues, it is only prudent to perse vere in an opposite course. Mr. Evans speaks of jealousy of the Council, as if it were only some vague feeling of " aristocracy" against " democracy"—and talks of an aristocracy actuated by views " inimical to the independence and political consequence of the town"; but this is altogether an hallucinatim of his own brain. There is no such thing in existence. Those who are averse to confirming a Whig ascendancy in the Council, are just as careful for " the independence and political consequence of the town" as Mr. Evans or any of his friends ; but they feel that the. time is not yet come when the wounds and injuries inflicted by the reform bill and reformers can be thoroughly healed; but they look forward to it, and confidently believe that though it tarry, it will come at last. As to the Alderman's argument that patronage has hisno t l e v n o d r e s n h cy i p to really consolidatemust tellthepower that st of h o ry ,t to e the Council, ma rines" ; for our part we entirely discredit it. We 1. hall hazard a few further remarks at another Opportunity, but we cannot forbear noticing the man- her 14 which tl Dock Warehouse Bill is_ pressed for. ward, We understand that the Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee has been desired to sit to morrow (a most unusual proceeding); and we there fore advise all who are interested in the subject to be on the alert. How happens it, we may ask, that a change of trust is now never hinted at ? The letter of Lord Sandon, which forms the basis of the present bill, expressly urged this stipulation as a sine qua non. Let our mer chants lose no time in demanding this, for we are in formed that the bill will be in committee THIS DAY. We speak advisedly when we say, that a fair repre sentation on the subject will obtain such a reasonable request. The docks will never be worked well so long as the Corporation clique have such a preponderance in the trust; and this evil will be increased tenfold when the working of the warehouses is added. We agree in the opinion expressed by Sir Robert Peel, a short time since, that if a war were to break out, England would want neither soldiers nor sailors to join her standard in Ireland, notwithstanding the dark insinuations of Mr. Daniel O'Connell to a con trary effect. We assent to this statement, but without compro mising our opinion touching that disloyalty and treachery of which, we believe, the said O'Connell is truly the organ. We believe that a plentiful enlistment might be car ried on in Ireland—not because Papists are more loyal than O'Connell represents them to be, but because there is a numerous Protestant population in the coun try whom we are too apt to overlook, and because there is a mass of persons whom the influence of neither demagogue nor priest can reach. From such classes a numerous army might be easily raised, but it would .be raised, be it observed, not with the good will or ap probation of the priestly party, but in spite of it—not with their consent or sufferance, but in direct oppo sition to it. So far as Sir R.. Peel's 'statement can be regarded as in express contradiction to Mr. O'Con nell, we confess it does not meet with the assent of our judgment; for, in this sense, it would imply that O'Connell had libelled his co-religionists, and that they were far sounder and more loyal men than he had represented them. But on that point we consider O'Connell a better judge than Sir R. Peel. Surely he must know his own people best, and he says that the Papists would not fight for England if there were a war, unless they obtained their own terms. This piece of information, given by O'Connell in the House of Commons, gains confirmation from a speech made by his well-known aid-de-camp, Mr. Steele, at a meeting of the Popish Association held in Dublin on the 22nd ult., who, we learn, after a lengthened speech, in allu sion to the present position of England with regard to foreign powers, said that— " As the head pacificator of Ireland, he felt bound to ex press his opinion as to the part which he thought the people of Ireland should take, if called on to enlist in the British service. He would say that they (the people of Ireland), while they acted peaceably and legally towards England, should also act peaceably iowards the enemies of England. (Cheers.) He should give it as his opinion that no Irishman should enlist in the British army. That the man who did so, while such injustice had been done to his country, should be let go forth without the tears or farewell of his family and friends, without the prayers of his clergy, and with the male diction of his country. Mr. Steele sat down amidst loud cheering." These are the sentiments of the fidus Achates of the pious O'Connell, and he, also, ought surely to know something of the matter. O'Connell says the Papists would not fight, and his bosom friend strenuously advises them to be very peaceable towards the enemies of England—and his advice is received with acclamations of joy. Under those circumstances we cannot go beyond such emi nent authorities ; but while we believe that treason would do its work, so far as priestly and demagogue influence could reach, we do believe at the same time that there would yet be no lack of men in Ireland to recruit our army for the reason we have already assigned It is the principle of our humane laws that a man is to be presumed innocent till he is proved to be guilty—and it is, we think, a fair maxim congenial with this principle, to give people credit for what they profess till they give us some reason for disbelieving them. Now, we know of no reason for discrediting Messrs. Steele and O'Connell when they foretell disloyalty, and preach it up, however discreditable the fact may be to themselves, and the morals of Popery. We really believe them very implicitly when they talk out in this way; but feel thankful at the same time, that Popery is neither so potent nor so universal in Ireland as to make their predictions and sedition so extremely dan gerous as otherwise they would be. It is a melancholy fact when an English minister is ignorant where England's real strength lies, and seeks to fortify her by that which, if a little more powerful, would be her bane. Strange it is that England still cherishes a viper in her bosom which no longer dis sembles its deadly purpose. What infatuation is here. Her faithful, her loyal, her devoted subjects in the sis ter country,—men whose fidelity no ill-treatment can shake,—are frowned upon, cast in the shade, and in every way discouraged; whilst traitors, avowed traitors, are had in hopour, embraced, favoured, and exalted. Verily, the " O'Connell compact" is a monstrous union, and produces a numerous brood, whose fea tures are all strongly indicative of the unholy alliance. WALSALL ELECTION COMMITTEE-DEFEAT OF THE ANTI-CORN-LAW CONSPIRACY AGAINST MR. GLADSTONE. The Coppock conspirators against the return of Mr. Glad stone as member for Walsall have been, we are glad to per ceive, defeated at all points, and that gentleman has been declared duly elected ; the committee accompanying their decision, however, with a special report that " considerable treating had taken place in the borough before and during the election, although they were unable to connect that treating with the sitting member or his agent." As it is possible that some of the " pure" and " liberal" party in Liverpool may crow unduly over this admission of the com mittee, we will briefly refer to the history of the proceedings upon which it is founded. Upon the nomination day, and in fact for several days previous, it is notorious that a system, of intimidation and violence was resorted to by the hired mobs of the anti-corn law candidate, with a view of deterring the timid amongst the constitutional party from exercising their right of voting. On the nomination day, and on the night previous to the polling, several attempts were made to carry away the voters by force, and several were actually carried off. Attacks were made upon the committee-rooms of Mr. Gladstone, and upon the houses of his friends ; and early on the morn ing of the polling day a desperate effort was made by an armed mob to break into the " New Inn," an hotel in 'Wal sall, where Mr. Gladstone's committee sate, and where a considerable number of his supporters had been driven, by the lawless proceedings of the opposite party, to take refuge. It was at this inn, and upon the night in question, that he alleged treating, relied upon -by the Coppock conspira tors to make out their case, took place. Any one at all :onversant with contested elections would concede, that, under the circumstances of a body of individuals being brought together for protection, and kept through the night, refreshment must be supplied ; and yet it was distinctly proved that such refreshment was supplied, not only without the sanction, but contrary to the express orders, of Mr. Gladstone's agent. The only witness which the petitioners could produce, to prove even the shadow of a case, was a fellow who is strongly suspected to have been from the first a hired agent of the celebrated Mr. Coppock, and who had succeeded in palming himself upon the credulity of the land. lord of the inn as an authorised agent of the conservative The Columbia, Halifax and Boston mail-ship, will start on the moaning of Sunday next, the 4th instant. At half past eight on the morning of that day a steamer will be in attendance at the Egremont slip, to take off the passengers. THE PRESIDENT.—This vessel has not yet arrived, and her delay so much beyond her expected time of arriv a l, h as naturally excited considerable anxiety. Captain Cole, of the line-ship Orpheus, which sailed on the Nth ultimo, at noon, reports that the President sailed two hours before. As, however, according to all accounts, severe gales have b een prevalent for some w e ek s on the Atlantic, it is not impro bable that in encountering them she became short of coals, and (as did the Liverpool steam-ship on one occasion) put into Fayal for a fresh supply of fuel. On the 27th ultimo the Orpheus passed the Acadia, in lat. 43 deg. 30 min., long. 26,—the wind blowing hard from the W. N. W. MARINERS' CHURCH YOUNG MEN ' S SocIETY.--We understand that.on Sunday morning next a sermon will be preached in the Mariners' Church, for the benefit of this so. ciety, which has now been established for some time, and has i been found emine n tl y use f u l i n di ssem i na ting sound nforma tion amongst that much neglected class of our population_ seamen. Since the formation of the society it has distributed 30,000 tracts. CONCENTRATED CALVES' FEET.—A very capital article has just made its appearance, bearing this title, by Which excellent and nutricious jelly can be obtained at the rate of 'bout tenpence per pound, i nc l u di ng s ugar, wine, and lemons. We can recommend it to notice. atter gentleman contemplated a breach of the s held to bail by the marshall of Washington. or very important from Canada. Of bie feeling as to the imprisonment .ted movements of both England on therewith. Lord Sydenham sengers to Mr. Fox, to sho. the burning of the Caroline itement prevailed in relation to the representatives to the new colonial fates are to the 10th February. seem highly satisfied with the The accounts of trade, crops, , conorny of the country, are much more acted neighbours are devoid of interest. The in- to have had sufficient of internal dissensions. left New York for Liverpool on the 11th had arrived at Halifax after a boisterous incoming crop are most conflicting T! very variable, the quotations, Liverpool classification, leans, Charleston, and Augusta Orleans Augusta. to 10+ to 101 11 to 11.1 118 to 11t Charleston. 91 to 10 10 to 101 101 to 11 , 1 to 11 11l to 111 nominal. to 11+ to 121 to 111 to 12 ist of 1 he passengers, and the log of the Bri- —F THE BRITANNIA 84 1.240 ,;curse D,t. 4 30 p.m., discharged plot— strong breezes &snow squall. strong brtTzes, clear weather. ditto ditto 8. 10p. in. arrived at Halifax. S. 58 E. 4 50 a.m., discharged pilot— mod. breeze and cloudy. S. 69 E. 258 steady breeze, clear weather. N. 89 E. 215 mod. breeze, cloudy weather, N. 82 E. 242 ditto, ditto. N. 85 E. 249 strong gales, heavy squalls. N. 85 E. 251 ditto, ditto. NN. W. N. 84 E. 240 strong breeze and squally. „ N. 92 E. 242 lignt breeze, cloudy. 27—S.W. N. 6. E. 250 steady ditto, ditto. 28—N.W. N. 65 E. 254 mod. ditto, clear weather. -W. N. 714 E. 240 strong breezes and heavy squalls, rain and hail. 215 stiff breezes, dark hazy wea ther. -N.W N 43 E LIST OF PASSENGERS From, Boston to Hall ax.—Messrs. W. Campbell, J. B Livingtone, H. Sol, R. D. Clarke, E. Young, Dr. Avery Mrs. E. C. Ridvat, and Mrs. Caldwell. From Bostomand Halifax to Liverpool.—Messrs. A. Rod ger, W. W. Mann, H. B. Powell, Cox, A. J. Bourdillon, W. James, W. Nibblo, F. Pember, and E. C. Zale. ROBBERY AT WINDSOR CASTLE ADDITIONAL PARTICULARS.) WINDSOR, TUESDAY EVENING. — Amongst the various valuable ornaments, chiefly of silver, which were occasion ally used in some of the apartments at the Castle, but which, for some time past, have been placed among the stores, and were yesterday discovered to be missed (in addition to a large quantity of other similarly valuable property), is a silver crown, which formerly belonged to Charles 11., and was highly prized for its peculiarly beautiful and elaborate workmanship. It is considered as an extraordinary circumstance that none of the police authorities of Windsor have been applied to, to render any assistance in tracing either the stolen property or the supposed delinquent. It is stated that the whole affair has been placed in the hands of the metropolitan police, to whom a detailed description of the several stolen articles has been given, as far as the particulars have hitherto been ascertained ; but the most strict search is still being carried on, not only amongst the stores, but throghout several of the apartments at the castle to which the absconded arty might have had access from thenature of the service in which he was employed. It will be some time, notwithstanding `he activity with which the necessary search is being pur ued, before the exact extent of the robbery can be ascer- It has transpired, that when the suspected party left the castle on Thursday week, the day on which the robbery was discovered, he called upon a Jew named Morris, residing in Peascod -street, a dealer in watches, jewelfery, and in old gold and silver, and requested the loan of lOs ; but this hay ing been refused, he thence proceeded to Mr. Radnor, a pawnbroker, with whom he pledged his watch for 15s. When he called at Mr. Radnor's, he merely said he wanted some money, and asking for that sum upon his watch, which was immediately advanced. He then seemed as usual ; and there was nothing in his manner or appearance to indicate that he was labouring under feelings of either excitement or alarm. Thence he has been traced to the railway station at Slough, and no clue after that time to his placeof retreat has yet been g from the Gazelle du Midi Rome, written a few days after iristina, by a person who, we are credit, and from which it'appears that an example of submission to Spain, e brought about by the recent censures le writer says 7 -` On Ash Wednesday ) Pauline Chapel at the Vatican, and . His Holiness immediately went thi ty declared, that wishing to unburthen rice, she came to throw herself at his ban) , errors, and solicit his pardon for the caused to the church of Spain. The holy t suppress his tears : he called into his pre aals and six grand dignitaries of the Vatican, public confession of the queen, and having om all the censures she. had incurred, ex ire that the declaration she had made should signed, with the queen's own hand., This was locument deposited in the archives.' If this irmed, the act of Queen Christina must have itinence over her illustrious daughters."—Ga vzi's Messenger. I hi, following petition from the inhabitants of this city to .louses of parliament has been signed by the mayor, :rates, and others :—" That your petitioners, highly the privileges of the day of holy rest, and desirous I their fellow -subjects should partake of the same reli dvantages which they themselves enjoy, humbly ap your honourable house on behalf of that portion of untrymen who gain their subsistence by working and canals. and who by the present system are repose of the Sabbath, being compelled to • This class of men have become ,d your petitioners have reason to .elation is to be clearly traced to that ,ecration which so universally prevails .tishonour of Almighty God and the. tin- Your petitioners feel convinced that ,Obath• granted to bargemen and boatmen _, -"u we means of religious in s t ruct i on provided, gradual - impr ov ement would, through Divi n e bl e ssing, g, t a k e place among them ; and great benefits would thereby result, not d themselves and their famili es , b ut only•to,the poor . men t6' society at large. And, Inas much to their employers an and other commerci a l Men, ranch, as:. many . canal carriers anxious for the. welfare of this class; are desirous of the in terposition-of the legislature, your petitioners humbly entr ea t as may tend effec tually your,honourable house to enact such laws, on n tually to.put a stop to Sunday labour up And, in order- to pre ven t an y un f a i r c om petition , your peti tioners further humbly h o p e that . the carriage of goods on railroads u p on th e S a bb at h d ay w il l a l so b e b y law strictly 7 _ or prohibited. And yo ur p e titi oners w ill ever pray. F . Y cester.Pager. his creatu The ship lothing LOG ( N W W i nd LOCAL NEWS WALSALL ELECTION.--It will be seen from our parlia mentary intelligence, that J. N. Gladstone, Esq., has beet declared by the committee duly elected member for this bo rough. MR. HARWOOD'S AcAD-4,4y.—Mr. Harwood's juvenile ball took place on Tuesday evening, at the Templars' Hall. The room was fashionably and very numerously attended, and the utmost satisfaction and delight was expressed at the proficiency displayed by the children. Indeed a prettier oi more interesting sight we have not witnessed for some time. The pupils do Mr. Harwood great credit, and the highest encomiums may be passed upon him. Prizes were distri buted, which appe are d g reatly to delight their gainers. We perceive that the second quarter of this academy commences to-morrow, and on Easter Monday the evening academy closes with a ball. THE BRAZILIAN TRADE.—We are glad to observe efforts are making to obtain a more equitable adjustment of our fiscal arrangements as regards the importation of Brazil sugars and coffee into this country for home consumption. Mr. John B. Moore and Mr. Sandars, from Liverpool, have been deputed specially upon this subject, and have had in terviews with Lord Melbourne, Sir R. Peel, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the President of the Board of Trade, Lord Francis Egerton, and other influential members of parliament, relating to this important and interesting topic. It is fearful to contemplate that a trade of such magnitude, and so important, as that carried on with Brazil, should be jeopardised for the want of timely and just concessions to bring the duties down to such a scale as to admit of those products being aimitted for home consumption, which might be done, and at the same time afford ample protection to our colonial interests.—London Courier. THE ASSIZES.-It is probable that the present assizes will occupy more than the average time. There are several spe cial jury cases, though appointments have not as yet been made in all. Acton v. Blundell stands for Wed nesday next, and Davidson v. Sir Thomas Stanley is appointed for this morning. The latter is a case which ex• cites great interest in this and the adjoining county of Ches ter. It is an action by the Commercial Bank, at Chester, against Sir Thomas M. Stanley, Bart:, on certain bills of exchange (to the amount of £7,000) drawn in the name of Sir Thomas by a person named Blundell, who was formerly his steward, and who was lately sentenced to transportation for embezzling the property of his master. The question is, whether Sir Thomas con be rendered liable upon these bills by showing any authority in Blundell to use his name as drawer. Sir John Campbell (the Attorney-General) attends on a special retainer on behalf of the defendant. The case of Davidson v. M`Gregor is fixed for to-morrow, and that of Middleton v. Sherburne for Thursday - next. Higgins and another v. Senior is fixed for hearing on Wednesday morn= ing, and Jones v. Kean (a special jury case) for Monday next. The trial . of Anderton, for the murder of John Colter, at Standish, is fixed as the first case for this morning. The Ashton murder is fixed for Monday morning, imless the counsel for the prosecution object to the arrangement. Mr. Hector, who has during the present week been committed for rape, will be tried the first on Tuesday morning. EXPOSING UNWHOLESOME MEAT FOR SALE. — Yesterday, at the police-court, William Goulding, who keeps a standing in St. John's market, was brought before the sitting magis trate, at the instance of George Holden, inspector of mar kets, for exposing for sale 54 lb. of veal that was unfit for human food. The case being proved, Goulding was fined 10s. and costs. THE INFIRMARY.—We have before us the ninety-second report of .he above charity, in connexion with the Lock Hospital and Lunatic Asylum, and we regret to learn from it that the funde of this valuable institution are still inade quate to meet the demands upon it. After every exertion, the treasurer has been compelled to borrow from the bank ers, to meet the Christmas bills, the sum of £359 16s. The Infirmary expenses alone, we understand, amount to £6,000, while the subscriptions realise only £3,050, the balance to be made up from certai❑ sources. DARING BURGLARY AND ATTEMPT AT MURDER.—On the morning of Saturday, a daring, and, at the present day, an almost unheard of burglary and attempt at murder was committed at Mr. Thomas Shaw's farm, at Padgate, about two miles from Warrington. Mr. Shaw and the servant man slept in one bed, in a chamber on the basement story, and the housekeeper in the front room up stairs. On Friday night they all retired to rest, after " making up" the windows and doors. Shortly before one o'clock they were alarmed by the barking of the dog inside the house, and the housekeeper on looking out of the window saw four or five men armed, and provided with two dark lanterns, similar to those used by the police, standing outside. They forced open the house door, and the dog instantly attacked them, but the animal was soon overpowered. One of the gang then proceeded to Mr. Shaw's sleeping-room ; directly he entered he was bravely collared by Clare, and a struggle ensuing between them, another of the gang struck Clare a heavy blow on the head with a bludgeon, and he was soon forced to submit to their mercy. The men had their faces concealed by some dark covering, but the better to prevent detection, they com pelled Clare to get into bed and cover himself over with the bed-clothes, one of them holding him by the throat until he was nearly strangled. While this scene was performing down stairs, the housekeeper opened the upstair window, and called for assistance. She immediately afterwards received a severe gun-shot wound on the forehead, and was told by one of the gang outside that she would be killed if she did not instantly desist. She then went down stairs, and after break ing some of the glass of the window, got outside the building. She was instantly stopped and rudely attacked by one of the robbers, who called out to his companions to murder her. Happily, one relented, and her life was spared. She was, however, made to force her way back, by the narrow space in the broken window through which she had escaped from the house. Four of the gang standing round Mr. Shaw's bed, afterwards made him deliver up to them thirty-six sove reigns, a large silver watch, weighing nearly half a pound, No. 204, " Simcock, Warrington," maker, and a bottle of rum. They next very leisurely rummaged the old gentle man's papers, and after nailing up the back door, and leaving ' for a time one of the gang to guard the front door, took their departure. They were in the house altogether for upwards of an hour, and during that time talked together very freely. SIR WILLIAM BURNETT'S PATENT FOR THE PRESER VATION OF TIMBER, CANVAS,. CORDAGE, &C.—lt is not, perhaps, generally known, (at least in the north of England), that Sir Wm. Burnett, physician general to the navy, after having long directed his attention to the preservation of the ships, sails, and cordage of the royal navy, discovered a che mical compound, which has been found, by repeated and se vere tests to be the most efficient for the object required. This preparation will protect and preserve timber, cordage, canvas, cotton and woollen, and similar substances from dry rot, mildew, moth, and premature decay, whether arising from; damp, want of circulation of air, or exposure to wea ther or sea-water. It may also be remarked that it has a powerful effect in preventing the oxydation of metals, when in contact with the prepared timber. Salt water, in place of neutralising, increases its efficiency ; canv as , cordage, cloth, &c, derive a great increase of strength by being prepared with it, and will resist combustion in proportion to the strength of the solution used. The terms for granting licences to use the preparation are extremely moderate, and many noblemen and gentlemen, steam companies, and public boards have availed themselves of the advantages of the patent. Mr. Jackson, the secretary to the association for carrying the ob jects of the patent into effect, who haS recently visited Li verpool, yesterday politely showed us a number of specimens of canvas, cordage, and woollen cloth, which had been pre pared according to the patent, and which, with counterparts unprepared, had been exposed to the prolonged action of damp, or had been immersed for months in water. One piece of canvas half prepared and half not, and which had been deposited for three months in a very damp cellar, in a remarkable manner showed the preservative effects of the preparation. The counter-part unprepared, was quite rotten and discoloured. The other par, had retained its colour, and was as strong as ever. Several other pieces were also shown even more remarkably decayed where unprepared, and entirely preserved where saturated with the compound. We also noticed a piece of drugget, the prepared part of which, after being long exposed to damp was quite fresh and strong, while the other part had become rcduced to tinder and fringes. A piece of prepared line or small rope was produced, which, after being long deposited in a garden was as fresh as ever : the unprepared counterpart placed along with it was rotten and covered with fringe, as if it were dusted with mustard. One of the most extraordinary effects of the pre paration is, that timber prepared with it not only resists dry rot, but when exposed to tire will not blaze. 'ln the timbers of vessels, as well as of buildings, this must be a great advan tage in cases of tire. Two pieces of common lathwood were produced, one impregnated with the solution, and the other unprepared. They were put in the fire : the latter blazed up and burned rapidly ; the other emitted neither smoke nor flame, and was comparatively very slow in combustion. The timber to be saturated does not require to be long seasoned, as the solution has the effect of neutralising the sap, and giv ing strength and hardness to the fibre. The effect of the preparation when applied to iron, in preventing corrosion, is we are informed, equally extraordinary. A piece of iron, prepared with the solution, suspended in water for many months,•was found not to have oxydized or lost any percep tible weight. A similar piece, unprepared, and similarly im mersed, made a large deposit by corrosion, and lost much in bulk. THE NEW POOR-LAW.—A numerous and highly-respect. able meeting of the inhabitants of Newton-in-Makerfield, was held at the Horse and Jockey, on Thursday, the 25th instant, for the purpose of petitioning the legislature against this obnoxious law, when resolutions were passed, shewing— that previous to the i n t ro d uct i on of the new poor-law, the poor of this township had been managed by a select vestry and its own overseer, in times of great difficulty and distress, with economy and satisfaction ; that the rate-payers are de graded, in not being allowed to manage their own parochial affairs, and to have the control of their own funds ; that they are at all times the best judges of the state of their bwn poor, and the fittest to distribute relief to them ; that it is cruel in casting the whale burden on the female to maintain her off spring, while the seducer of her innocence is allowed to es cape with impunity, and infanticide, it is to be feared, is sometimes the dreadful consequence ; that there is not that distinction made under the new law between the meritorious poor and the idle and profligate which ought to exist ; that it is attended with considerably mote expense, while the poor are no better relieved ; that the system of centralisation is abhorrent to their feelings as Englishmen ; that boards of guardians are a powerless body, and only a piece of ma chinery in the hands of the poor-law commissioners, with just power enough to sign orders upon the several overseers for the payment of more money into the hands of the trea surer of the union ; that the continuance of the new poor law, and the power of the poor-law commissioners, is dan gerous, inasmuch as it will make people disaffected, it will alienate and destroy all those best feelings which harmonise society, and break asunder one great link in that chain which unites the poor and the rich together; that the system of centralisation which it aims at, when its machinery is com pleted, may become one of the most tremendous political en gines that man ever contemplated to look upon, and may, in the hands of a wicked and profligate minister, be used to de stroy every valuable institution. In accordance with the ' above, petitions to both houses of Parliament were agreed upon, the one to the Commons, to be forwarded to Lord Francis Egerton ; and the other to the House of Lords, to his Grace the Bishop of Exeter.—Also, at the same meeting, resolutions condemnatory of the county constabulary were unanimously passed, shewing—that it is the opinion of this meeting that the rural police are uncalled for in this town ship, inasmuch as for a long period before their introduction Newton was ever known to be peaceful and orderly.; that the expense incurred by the establishment is a grievous tax upon the industry of the inhabitants, and that it is with abhor rence they witness so many cases brought before the magis trates of a frivolous and vexatious nature—brought forward by a body of men whose services are not required, and ob noxious to the com m u n ity at large, because by their many acts of paltry and unconstitutional interference with the liberty of the subject they stand more in the light of common informers than any other ; that it demands their most stre nuous exertions, by every legitimate power, to free the coun-. try from an impost s o b u rthensome and intolerable. EMIGRATION.—There are now thirty vessels in the Lon. don and St. Katharine docks fitting out to convey emigrants to Sydney, Hobart Town, Canada, New York, and t o t h e infant colony of New Zealand, which are to sail duri ng th e present month, and they will carry out in all about 50,000 passengers. The tide of emigration seems to be setting in for New Zealand, and the ships bound to that colony t a k e out brick s as b a ll as t, w hi c h fetch large prices in the colony. One ship in the London dock contains 6,000 bricks, and will, besides, take out the material of a house for one of the officials lately appointed by government to manage affairs in New Zealand. The house can be put together in twenty-four hours. In a few months there will . be many h ouses i n th e Bay of Islands built of English bricks. LITERARY NOTICES. A Statistical Account of the County Palatine of Lancaster. By Edwin Butterworth. London : Longman and Co. ; Liverpool: Wareing Webb. This work contains, within a comparatively small com pass, a large body of valuable, and, we add, interesting in formation, corrected from original as well as published sources, and arranged in a clear and comprehensive manner, and forming a book of reference that cannot fail to be equally acceptable in the counting-house, the parlour, and the study. The want of an accurate statistical knowledge by almost all classes of the places in their own locality, is often lamentably manifest, and forms indeed a grand omission in general education. This account of Lancashire is admirably calcu lated to supply the deficiency. We learn, from the preface, that the author was connected with Baines's well-known history of the county, and being so engaged, peculiarly fitted him for his present task. He states that---" solely actuated by a wish to produce a correct hand-book of the topographi cal history of Lancashire, ancient and modern, the utmost caution has been bestowed by the author in the use of the stores of local information possessed by and accessible to him. The writer having a personal knowledge of every parish in the county, has been enabled by his investigation, not only to ascertain the authenticity of previously published information, but to acquire much additional matter, of gene ral interest to all who have a regard for county topography." The work opens with an interesting " Statistical sketch of Lancashire ;" and the towns, parishes, townships, villages, &c., are afterwards described in alphabetical order, and ap parently with great care and accuracy. Treatise on Physical Education, by Louis Huguenin London : Simpkin, Marshall, and Co . . The author of this pamphlet is a professor of gymnastics, in Dublin, and argues his subject with an ardour and ability that induces an assurance that, through the practice of those manly exercises which he advocates, he has himself derived much benefit, and personifies the 'fleas sane in corpore nano. He fortifies his own views by adducing the opinions of many distinguished writers, who have devoted their occasional at tention to the subject of physical education ; and the deduc tion he forms daily experience renders undeniable. The book is divided into sections, in which the advantages of strong bodily exercise, from youth even to the autumn of life, in invigorating the body, strengthening the mind, ex pelling disease, and inducingcheerfulness and contentment. We quote at random, as a specimen of our author's reason ing, the following passage on the consequences of the neglect of bodily improvement : The mischief that has been done in the course of some centuries by this perverse mode of education, is inconceivable. It has been the grand source of bodily inactivity, voluptuous weakness, effeminacy, a multitude of diseases, and, in short, an innumerable portion of our sufferings. If we infringe hu man laws, still the consequences of this infringement may be prevented ; but if we disobey one of the supreme ordinances of Nature, on which even the durability of our complicated frame depends, we can neither shun nor diminish Its effects, and our whole system will feel the shock. And surely the ordinance, "In the sweat of thy face thou shalt eat bread," is as much a law of nature as the addition, that the body shall return to the dust from which it was made. What then shall we say of a mode of education which forcibly impels us to disobey this law, by rejecting from its plan the improve ments of our body with the habit of corporal exertion, and leaving these important objects to blind chance ? The great, and men of learning by profession, have hitherto been too frequently brou:ht up to have minds stuffed w ith knowledge in fr a il bodies—to be helpless creatures in human form. Massy palaces have been erected on sandy founda tions, and in a few years the edifice has tumbled down, or become incapable of the service expected from it. Had not intellectual labour been placed to their account, as that la bour which nature, the Bible. and sound sense inculcate ; had they been corporally, as well as mentally improved, men of great learning would have been more healthy and vigorous, of more generaCtalents, of ampler practical knowledge, more happy in their domestic lives, more enterprising, and more attached to their duties as men. " The man who is obser vant of his duty," says the worthy Ehlers, " must be a man of courage :" and are such to be found among the weak and infirm ? Rousseau's words—" Strength of body, and strength of mind ; the reason of a sage, and the vigour of an athlete," may sound somewhat like exaggeration on account of the ancient term employed, yet they exhibit the most perfect model of man : and the highest refinement of the mind, with out improvement of the body, can never present anything more than half a human being. A mere extract. however, can furnish but a very imperfect idea of the treatise as a whole, which we have no hesitation 'in recommending to the perusal of parents, guardians, and all on whom devolves the important change of the moral and physical education of youth. The author has a gymnasium now open in Cook-street, in this town, under his immediate superintendence. The Protestant •Sentinel, The tenth number of this cheap but valuable periodical contains a history and description of the " scapular," with an engraving of this piece of popish trumpery—along with other original and selected articles, suitable to the design and cha racter of the publication. We are rejoiced to see this little work sustaining the part it undertook at the commencement, with steadiness and ability, and learn with satisfaction that it bids fair to attain a circulation proportionate to its merits. It is designed chiefly for the operative classes ; but it con tains an abundance of excellent matter, with which it would be well if other classes would often refresh their memories. If those who can afford it would make it their business to take a number of copies of each publication, and distribute them where they might calculate on their being acceptable, it would be performing a work that would he doubly useful. We do not expect that Dr. 13yrth, or other gentlemen who, like him, may think that the " influence of Protestant Associations is injurious," will do any thing of this kind, for the Protestant Sentinel is published under the direction of the Liverpool Protestant Association, and is probably a direct consequence resulting from its existence ; but there are plenty of others who, in defiance of such an unfortunate state of opinion, will rejoice in the diffusion of sound Protestant principles, and in an instrumentality for the purpose so unexceptionable and so effective, as the Protestant Sentinel. The price, we must add, is only one penny each number, and the office of publi cation is 38, Church-street. LIVERPOOL SHIPMASTERS' ASSOCIATION, [The following report was prepared for our publication of Tuesday, but in consequence of the pressure of assize and other intelligence, we were unable to find room for its in sertion.l Captain Hunt gave his second lecture at this Institution on Friday evening last, to an audience most gratifyingly nu merous. W. Rowett, Esq., chairman of the committee, was again called to the chair, which he filled with his usual ability. The subject of this lecture were salvage and average, and Captain Hunt handled them both in a masterly manner. He commenced by explaining away the popular error that all underwriters are members of Lloyd's, and by making some strong observations against masters quitting their ves sels when wrecked, for the often abused purpose of entering a "protest," thereby leaving the property he ought to pro tect, to the tender mercies of wreckers, or the salvage laws. Those laws, it appears by the lecturer's remarks, vary consi derably in their nature in different parts of the world. In France and Holland the demand for salvage is ad valorem, while in England it is governed more by the extent of the exertions of the parties coming to the rescue. All her Ma jesty's ships are bound by law to render assistance to mer chant vessels in distress, under a penalty of £lOO ; but mer chant ships are bound to do so by no other laws than those of humanity. Captain Hunt explained many other points in the law of salvage, such as the circumstances under which the Admiralty Court claims upon wrecks; the illegality of passengers claiming salvage, although they may have contri buted by pumping or otherwise to the saving of a vessel ; the power of salvers to keep possession until paid, &c. &c. He then took up the subject of average, which appears to be a most important question for a shipmaster's attention, in asmuch as the law or custom of general average, (for custom is law to a great extent in England,) often runs in an oppo site direction to w h a t would appear to be equity or common sense ; moreover the act upon which a master claims salvage, being committed at sea under trying circumstances, and be yond the reach of counsel or advice, it becomes doubly im perative upon him to study the subject thoroughly. The lec turer remarked that the law of general average is in its principle and intention one of the wisest and most equitableof our mari time code, and that its introduction into our laws was so far back as to be beyond record. For the information of our non-nautical readers, we will just observe that general ave rage, in its simple and matured form, is a rate upon all the adventure in a ship, to pay for any sacrifice made by the commander of any part thereof to save the whole, the portion sacrificed being rated with the rest. Captain Hunt, in his usual comprehensive manner, shewed the difference in the bye laws (if we may so term them) of different nations in their administration of this law. In some countries every thing is rated, even down to passengers' luggage and the sailors' wages. He also pointed out the difference between cargo washed overboard and thrown overboard, and illus trated his remarks by the case of the Kilkenny steamer, where the captain having thrown overboard a number of pigs in a storm, his owner was proceeded against by the shipper of the pigs, and compelled to pay their value. The owner, in his turn, then commenced an action against the under writers, but failed because the court, having no laws to refer to which applied particularly to steamers, fell back upon those governing sailing vessels, which refuse compensation for deck cargo thrown overboard, on the plea that it may be prejudicial to the proper working of the vessel in rough wea ther, and therefore ought not to come within the law of ge neral average. In commenting upon this trial, Capt. Hunt animadverted strongly upon the injustice of the verdict, and upon the necessity of remodelling this part of the law to suit steamers, which being worked upon a totally different prin ciple to sailing vessels, ought not to be governed by the same rules. The underwriters also must have known that cattle upon deck forms almost invariably a part of the cargo of coasting steamers when they underwrote the Kilkenny. Captain Hunt next introduced the knotty question of average where masts are blown away or cut away, which led ultimately to a very animated discussion between the lecturer and his auditors. It would appear that underwriters' law on this head does not go hand in hand with equity, for if a ship is thrown upon her beam-ends, and the master cuts away her masts, he can claim average for the loss ; but if he has his masts blown overboard, and then cuts them away, for precisely the same reason as in the former case, viz., the safety of the hull and freight, he cannot claim salvage ! We must confess that, although there may be a distinction in this case, we cannot see a difference in point of justice; and it appears to us to be incumbent upon under writers to put forth reasons for such a rule more at length and convincing than what is to be found in Lorimer o r Stevens. Capt. Hunt passed some high encomiums upon the works of these gentlemen, which he pronounced to be admirable both in style and matter, but on that particular head he conscientiously differed from Mr. Lorimer. The opinions held by the lecturer appeared to he those of his au ditors generally, with the exception of Capt. Jacques, who seemed to think, with Lorimer, that where masts had been blown overboard the mischief was already done, and the cutting away the rigging to release them was merely a conse quence of such mischief, and that, therefore, what the cap tain cut away, under such circumstances, was of no value. Mr. Rowett replied, that although the masts were no fur ther available for that ship, they were still of value as masts for a smaller vessel, and as such clearly entitled, in his opi nion, to claim average for their reduced value, if cut away and lost. In this view we entirely concur, and we trust the agitation of the subject on this occasion will lead to the mat ter being overhauled by the parties interested, and induce Mr. Lorimer to explain more fully his opinions. Our space will not allow us to touch upon the remaining numerous points of Capt. Hunt's lecture, which was truly rich in know ledge and information; and we trust the worthy commander will ere long give us another oppo r t un i ty o f li sten i ng to the reAults of his- reAtarejl hit afitirsig Lw, and his reflection thereon. After the lecture a conversation took place, as to finding a coadjutor for Capt. Hunt in the useful work he has so gene rously began ; and Mr. Purnell having been named as emi nently qualified to undertake the task, it was moved by Capt. Hunt, seconded by Capt. Butler, and carried unani mously; " That Mr. Purnell be requested to favour the mem bers of the Shipmasters' Association with a lecture on nau tical astronomy." PROTESTANT OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION IN ST. JUDE'S SCHOOL ROOM. A meeting took place in the above school-room on Tues day evening, to form a branch association for that district. Although St. Jude's Church and Protestant Association are thoroughly identified, there has not hitherto been an associ ation in connection with it, and it is part of the arrangements of the Protestant Operative Association to divide the town into 13 divisions, and to have active working associations in each. These 13 branch meetings to hold quarterly meetings so that a meeting will be held every Monday evening in some part of the town. The Rev. Hugh Al`Neile presided, and laid before the meeting the plan of the above arrangements, and delivered a most impressive address to the members present. The first resolution was moved by Rev. R. DAVIES, in a most powerful and energetic speech, in which he fully proved the importance of such meetings. The resolution was seconded by Mr. RADCLIFF. The Rev. Dr. TATTERSHALL, in rising to propose the se cond resolution, said that he would not be guilty of what he believed would be thought a work of supererogation,.namely, that of using many words to assure the present meeting of ' his approbation of the Protestant Association. (Hear, hear.) Tne part lie had been privileged to take on more public oc casions than the present would be more than sufficient for such a purpose. He regarded popery as an evil both in a political and in a religious point of view, the former being the necessary consequence of the latter, inasmuch as error in religion could not exist without producing its evil effect in every department of life, whether public or private ; and he thought the plan s o f th e P ro t es t an t Association well calcu lated to expose those evils, and therefore to check their pro gress. The political evils of popery were many ; among the chief of which were the divided allegiance of the subject, which, let the advocates of that system say what they will, must exist where two sovereigns are acknowledged ; and the obstruction of the impartial administration of justice, arising from the fact, that Roman catholics are taught, where the interests of their church are concerned, to think lightly of the obligation of an oath. (Cheers.) But the political evils of popery were trifles compared with its religious evils : the former were bounded by time, the latter extended their in fluence into eternity. A chief feature of the system was, that it destroyed the free and gracious character of the gospel, by interposing, and this under the specious pretence of humi lity, other mediators between the sinner and the Saviour ; and taught that the Saviour required to he persuaded by others, and was not ready of himself to receive returning sinners into his favour. What an insult was this to be of fered to him who, if a sinner is enabled by grace to take one step in returning to him, may well be said to take ten thou sand steps to meet the sinner ; yes, who came down from Heaven to give his life a ransom for many. (Loud cheers.) Protestantism was original Christianity—primitive Chris tianity—the Christianity of the New Testament, as it existed antecedently to all the additions and corruptions of Rome. He liked well the familiar question, which had been put in reply to the objection often urged by Roman catholics in the form of an inquiry —Where was your religion before Luther? which rejoinder was—where was your face before it was washed? He approved of this rejoinder for the very reason that it was so familiar, so easy of apprehension, and so per fectly illustrative of the true nature of the case. (Hear, hear.) Primitive Christianity, or Protestantism—the life giving truths of the gospel of Jesus Christ—might very well be likened to a beautiful face—a face full of health and fresh ness—a face which knew not how to assume the expression of anger—a face which could indeed express sorrow on ac count of rebellious sinners, and which beamed with joy and gladness upon all who turned from the evil of their ways. But this beautiful face popery had covered over with dirt— with dirt so black as quite to hide its colour, and so thick as in many places to render imperceptible the very form of its features—and had changed it altogether into a dark, grim, and ugly visage, incapable of any pleasing expression what ever. This dirt, however, our Reformers had washed away, and presented primitive Christianity again in all its native loveliness. Protestantism .was not indeed the original name of Christianity—it has been adopted solely in consequence of Christianity having been defiled and then restored ; but if we are obliged to employ now any other name than that of primitive Christianity, who is to blame? those who defiled Christianity, or those who restored it? Perhaps I may be asked, since I have said that popery has so completely changed the features of Christianity, whether I think a Roman catholic can be saved ? and I answer the question at once—not by his popery : not by virtue of any of those doctrines which the Church of Rome has heaped upou origi nal Christianity. All who are saved must be saved by those heavenly truths which constitute the fair and beautiful face of primitive Christianity, and cannot be saved by the errors which constitute the thick and dirty incrustation which alone is popery. He could believe—and he blessed God that he could—that here:and there one and another conscience-sick ened and heart-broken sinner, who has in the distress and anguish of his soul sought relief and ease, and sought it in vain in the schemes and devices of popery—who has sought the intercession of saints, but could obtain no relief—who has sought priestly absolution, but could find no peace—who has performed one penance and one austerity after another, but could find no satisfaction, no rest of mind, no ease of conscience—may in very agony have forced its way through the popish incrustation—may have washed away the popish pollution, even with his own tears—may thus have caught a view of the beautiful face of the gospel salvation—may thus have become in reality Protestants without being conscious of it--and having through all the obstructions of popery made its way to Christ, may in him have found that peace and se curity which he had sought in vain in all that belonged pe culiarly to the Romish system. He could believe this, he said ; but still, what an evil must that system be which, in stead of bringing the sinner immediately to the Saviour, interposed barriers in the way—hindrances which required to be removed before the alarmed and burdened conscience could obtain that relief, which it was the design of God, in gracious revelation of his mercy, to afford. (Great appro bation.) For these reasons lie abhorred popery, and was anxious, especially when that system appeared to be making encroachments, that these encroachments should be resisted. But he was also anxious that it should always be borne in mind that our controversy was with principles, not with men—that we abhor not Roman Catholics, not the men, not their persons, hut the system of which they are the vic tims —that we love the persons themselves—that we are soli citous for their welfare, and the more so because we see them to be the victims of a degrading and destructive system—and means should, therefore, be employed to expose and arrest the progress of that destructive system. Yet no means can be allowable except such as are consistent with the utmost alacrity in rendering every possible kindness to our Roman Catholic neighbours and brethren—none except such as are consistent with the desire on our part, were such a thing possible, to clasp them to our bosoms and carry them in our arms to heaven.—The Rev. Dr. sat down amidst loud cheer- The resolution was seconded by Mr. TAYLOR. Several other resolutions having been moved, the meeting separated, after a concluding address from the Chairman. DOCK COMMITTEE A special meeting of the Dock Committee was held on Wednesday to consider the dock bill, as approved by the council. • • Sonie delay took place in consequence of the clauses, as altered, not being clearly set forth, which obliged the chair man to send for the town-clerk, who shortly arrived and ex plained the alterations, and the bill, as amended, was passed. Messrs. Mellor, Aikin, Middleton, Moon, Marti n , an d Chapman thought the town-council had almost gone too far in the way of concession to the warehouse proprietors, more particularly in regard to the clause fining goods a month's rent if not removed in 24 hours ; they thought a week's rent sufficient, but as the compromise had been made, all parties were in honour bound to adhere to the bargain, leaving it open to the parliamentary committee to determine that point. A long petition from the warehouse proprietors to parlia ment was read. Mr. EVANS inquired of the town-clerk the reason of the petition to parliament being so lengthened, and going into matter that had been refuted over and over again. The TOWN-CLERK replied that he understood it was a friendly petition, and not one of a hostile nature, and that, as for its verboseness, he could only account for it in the usual way, viz., lawyers being paid two shillings a folio. (Loud laughter.) _ _ _ M Mr. TOBIN moved and Mr. MIDDLETON seconded a mo tion to alter the nature of the dock trust, and, for the future, to elect ten from the town-council and ten from the rate payers ' • the chairman to be el ec t e d b y t h e town-counc il . Mr. EVANS opposed it, as did Mr. AIKIN, Mr. SMITH, and Mr. CHAPMAN, the latter observing that the dock so licitor had already given his opinion that such a recommen dation could not come from the committee or town-council, but that the ratepayers might endeavour to get such a clause inserted in the bill when before the parliamentarycommittec, After some further conversation the meeting broke up. THE CALEDONIA, We feel much pleasure in giving publicity to the following address to Captain M'Kellar, by the passengers on board the steam-ship Caledonia, on her last outward voyage to Halifax from this port : TO CAPT. M`ICELLAR. On board the steam-ship Caledonia, at sea, near Halifax, 18th March, 1841. Dear Sir,—We, the undersigned passengers on board the Caledonia, think it due to you and to the owners, as we are about to enter the port of Halifax, where several of us will leave you, to express our opinion of your.ship, and of the manner in which she has been conducted on the present voyage. With the exception of about two days, since we left the British Channel the winds have been constantly adverse, ge nerally dead a-head. We have encountered a storm unex ampled for violence and continuance in the memory of the oldest sailor on board. In a few minutes after it first struck our ship, a new foresail of the strongest canvass was torn to atoms ; not a stitch of further sail could be set without the certainty of having it instantly blown away. The sea rose in mountain-waves, and was lashed into a sheet of boiling foam, which was carried through the sky like snow-drift, ob. scuring the whole horizon. For upwards of six hours the tempest raged with unabated fury, and was sustained by our good ship in a manner which surprised every expe rienced person on board. Notwithstanding this violent • storm, however, and continued adverse heavy seas, we have made the passage from Liverpool to Halifax in fourteen days, a passage, we believe, quite unexampled under such circum stances. These facts speak for themselves, and cannot, we think, fail to confirm and heighten the confidence of the pub lic in this line of steam navigation. Permit us further to say to you, that we have been much pleased with the government of your ship ; while the unostentatious but deep respect paid to religion, the quietness as well as decision of all your orders, the total absence of all noise, blustering, and Confusion, your uniform equanimity and politeness, and your coolness and courage in the hour of danger, will not soon be forgotten by us. We beg, then, to tender to you, sir, our thanks for all your attentions, together with the assurance of our esteem. And we are respectfully, d ear, sir, Your most obedient servants, Dixon, ursoniu, iPatn. Ssumthiethr: l George Simpson, M. King, John A. B rown, R o b ert No. ble, Alexander Dale, J. W. E. G e tt D. s .11 0 1 n n e je a ' J. rles Congrev e , Ed ward M. Hopkins, Alexanderand, Geor George t e 0 ,v Ma‘llKh d D. Pope, James Alison, G. J. Fox, jun., Thomas Sellar, William S. Christie, James Maginnis, C. Michelles, Asa Millard, William Row, Capt. J. H. Griffith, Royal Artillery ; Archibald Grienshields, Alexander Bertram, H. P. Paulin, A. Von. Schelt, Alexander Rowans, James Dougal, L. Burdett, Allan Schisoner, Thomas Jackson, Richard. John. son, &c., &C. A CHILD LOST.--Q 0 Monday last, the 29th ult., about one o'clock, a fine little boy of three years old, named Edward Fagan, strayed away, or was taken from Chissenhall parents reside, and has not s i nce b een h fair co m pl ex i on , w ith b rown hair, and s t e r a e r e d t where H e his s f had on at the time a new check pinafore, with long sleeves and falling collar, brown stuff frock, plaid trowsers, leather boots, brown stockings, and no cap. He was known amongst his playmates as " Neddy" Fagan, and has a sight im pediment in his speech. Any information will be thankfully received by bis parents. His father is employed at Mr. Berry's foundry,