The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-12-06 00:00:00

n DF.C. 6, 1836. dom, will applaud the faithfulness with which the Bishou of Exeter has discharged, perhaps, a painful, but an in cumbent dutv : . He is too elevated in mind and charac. ter for the sha-144 sitinder ; when they have reached their utmost height, they fall far short of him, and return harmless ; or ptove weapons of destruction in their fall only, wounding those from whom they received their force. We leave his lordship safe, resting on his own integrity, in the hands of protestant England. Let us now turn to the charge preferred against Dr. Whately, Archbishop of Dublin—it is the complete anti parallel of that of the Diocese of Exeter. Observe the contrast. That of the Bishop of Exeter was a prescribed duty—this of the Archbishop of Dublin was an arbitrary exercise of power. The former only secured the fences, estanished by the canons of the Church ; the latter for bade obedience to the command of Christ, " preach the gospel to every creature." The one sprang from the will of law, founded upon religion ; the other from the will of man, contrary to its express precepts. But, to mark the contrast more plainly, the very motive which led to the act of the Bishop of .Exeter, would hav6 re strained the act of the Archbishop of Dublin. Having thus pointed out the manifest contrariety of principle which dictated the two •proceedings, and having vindicated those of the Bishop of Exeter, upon grounds which no candid mind can impugn, we shall briefly ex pose the perverse, unholy, degrading, and political con duct of the Arch-prelate of Dublin. We do not, for one moment, question his right—we know that in any court, civil or ecclesiastical, he would stand acquitted; but there is another court in which he will be condemned—" in fore conscientiw"—in the court of conscience—except ing the conscience, which sits in judgment;there„ has been "seared with a hot iron." For what was the of fence of Mr. Nolan ? Did he refuse to read the Litany, or cast any shade of discountenance over the rituals of our Church in Ireland ? No, nothing of this kind—his offence, his grievous and unpardonable offence, was a zeal to bring men from "darkness to light" through the Gospel. Having " tasted the good word of life" him self, he "was ready to preach it unto others"-.—arid, as his soul was enlarged, lie had "continued sorrow" in his ,lieart for his brethren Roman Catholic bondmen. He desired " to open the eyes of the blind"—to " bring good tidings" to those " sitting in the shadow of death; over Alom ." the prince of this world," and his cruel agents, exercised spiritual and temporal dominion. This, this only was the offence at the palace of the Archbishop, though, perhaps, the interdict was signed at the Castle; and, probably, the Castle was moved to interference, by authority of Mr. O'Connell. We have always been favourably disposed to the esta blishment of an efficient police force for the protection of life and property, and have on every occasion given them our unqualified support so far as they have discharger] their duties with faithfulness and moderation. Acting upon this resolution, we have hesitated to give publicity to the numerous complaints of our correspondents, un less previously authenticated ; and even then, Our usual mode has been to hand over these complaints to the Su perintendent, and we . can bear our testimony to the prompt and searching inquiry which he has instituted to ascertain the truth of such complaints, and to redress any grievances that might be found to exist. It will not, however, be denied that several cases of aggravated as sault have been proved against both inspectors and pri vates; and several of them have received notice of trial at the approaching assizes. The case of Andrew Ed ward Lyons will be fresh in the recollection of our read ers. The great interest which has been excited from the nature of the evidence elicited upon his cross-examina tion will justify our again referring to this subject. We recollect that when Mr. Councillor Wahnsley endea voured to prejudice the public mind in favour of the new Council, by presenting a summary of what they had done during the first year of their dictatorship, he expressly declared, that persons had not been selected to fill situations on account of their political opinions, but solely on account of their possessing the necessary quali fication for their offices. Now, we do not mean to deny that Mr. Councillor Walmsley believed what he said .to be truth; but it is passing strange that all the necessary qualificationacould be found only in those who were dis tinguished for their violent partisanship. It is entirely gout of the range of probability to suppose that talent could only be found in exact proportion to the liberality of political sentiment. Can any man in his senses be lieve that Mr. Radcliffe was selected to fill the situation of Town-clerk solely because his talents were of a higher order than those of the late Mr. Thomas Foster ? Was the -election of a solicitor to the Dock Trust not influenced by a wish to maintain the ascendancy of party ? We know that Mr. Crooke was Solicitor to the Reform Association, • and he became " Deputy Town clerk." Mr. Hall, a well known liberal in politics, beci,lgi a stipendiary ma gistrate. Mr. Wvberg, Chairman of the Reform Asso ciation,became the Treasurer of the Corporation, in the place of Mr. John Deane Case, a well known Tory. There was no design in all this, if we are to believe Mr. • • Councillor Walmsley- ; it was rather the result of acci dent than of previous arrangement on the part of the Town Council. The frequent meetings held at the Angel, the circulars of Mr. Rathbonr, confined exclu sively to the liberal party, were all the result of acei dent. But we pass on to notice the case of Inspector Lyons. We shall not stop to inquire into the cause of his im prisonment, but at once address ourselves to those points in his cross-examination, which clearly prove his con • nection with the Town Council, both in his appointmen4 and in his subsequent delinquency. Previously to his appointment, he was clerk to the Reform Committee of St. George's Ward, at a salary of 255. a•week. He was also engaged to canvass before the election, and for these services he was recommended to the favourable notice of the Council. We suppose it was also, by pure accident that this worthy obtained his appointment as inspector -of Police. Such are our Reformers ! Not content with the appointment of one of their own canvassers to the important situation of Inspector of Police, they ac tually appropriate the public money to defend a man who has been adjudged guilty by a legally constituted court. Well may that portion of the press, which has usually been found enlisted on the side of the Council, be ashamed of such conduct, and not even attempt their defence Metter appeared in our contempbra ry of Yesterday, pro fessedly from the pen of this worthy Inspector, who very mo destly tells us what he has not done, but very carefully conceals what he has done. We know he is in prison ; and acquiesce in the decision of the commissioner, because we ' bow to the authority of the law. The case is very differ ent with our reformed Town Council. What a mockery .`e - of justice ! What a practical lesson will it afford of the value of municipal reform ! The council possesses the tight of appointing a stipendiary magistrate, and is bound to support his decisions so long as they are con . formable to the existing laws. But can it be possible that the same council has been supporting this man in prison, and conducting his defence with the public mo- hey, and employing the public servants of the town for the same equivocal purpose ? But we are unwilling to ' pursue the subject farther at present. It is a matter for inquiry, and we promise our Town Councillors that, so far as our humble efforts are available, we will have a . thorough investigation of the whole affair. We look with some interest to the course which they (the reformed Corporation of Liverpool) will pursue with regard to this question, and shall narrowly watch their proceedings. It is with great pleasure that we return to 31r.•Hemming and our operative friends; and we shall, in the same spirit and with . the same freedom as in our last article, comment upon such parts the present interesting lecture as we think need either eluci 'ration or correction. Mr. H. opened his lecture by observing, that " a number of laws have been laid down, according to 'which chemical affinities act." Whilst nothing so facilitates the acquisition of knowledge as the establishment of laws, no 'thing is more dangerous or more liable to exception than philo -"Phical legislation. To enumerate all thht have been promul gated and abrogated in every department of science would be to furnish a library co•npaniun to the gtattits at large. After gli q'iling of the first 13w, "that ebernical affinity can only take :place between didi,rryrt as superfluous; Mr. ii. also ;tribes the note superiluity to the' fibc...itiii, - that chemical af- ) flu ity " will take lace anly between the minutest atoms." As a practical law, it is certainly "superfluous," and as a law of any kind, it is very questionable; for we know nothing of the manner or state in which bodies chemically unite. Mr. Dalton's diagrams are as intelligible and as rational as any other hypo theses; but, unfortunately, eve have none supported by even a shadow of evidence. Haw a particle of one kind of matter, small almost to evanescence, a German monad, can combine with another particle of matter so as wholly to lose both their original properties passes our understanding. Whether it be juxta-position, or intro-susception, or any other mode, we must leave for the future Alexanders of -chemistry in their scientific conquests to determine. The third law is very fully and very perspicuously explained, and it would seem almost hypercriti cism to notice the identification of ferro-cyanuret of potash and prussiate of potash as incorrect, inasmuch as the ferro-prussiate of potaSh is frequently called prussiate of potash; but since there is a delicate salt distinguishable from the ferro-prussiate, viz., a simple prussiate of potash, or cyanuret of potash, we may per haps be pardoned for our scrupulous regard to accuracy. So also the double salt called alum is not a compound of sulphate of alumina, and sulphate of potash, or soda, and, we may add. or sulphate of ammonia, but of a super sulphate or bisulphate of alumina, with any one of these three salts. Mr. H., we know, will pardon us for those observations, and our operative friends will not blame us. The fourth law is, that " a change of tem perature accompanies chemical affinity, and always a change of density." Mr. H. very justly observes that "in many cases these changes are not evident ;" and it is even supposable that on the formation of a double salt from a mixture of acids and bases, whilst one pair may combine and evolve heat, in conse quence of increased specific gravity, another pair may combine and absorb it, or render it latent, in consequence of expanded volume, and thus neither a change of density nor a variation of temperature ensue. Nevertheless the law is a good one, and one of great practical utility. We cannot unqualifiedly sub scribe to Mr. H.'s observation, that in all "chemical union, if the elements are noxious, the compound is innoxious, and vice versa. If the compounds of oxygen and arsenic, oxygen and mercury, favour the conclusive, the compounds of oxygen and magnesium, oxygen and silicon, and even, perhaps, oxygen and bismuth, are adverse to it. We have, moreover, compounds of the same elements in different proportions with opposite quali ties; thus oxygen and nitrogen, in one proportion, constitute atuaosPkeric air—in another, nitrous oxide gas—in a third, nitric acid; the two former innoxious, the last, destructive of animal life. Still . we acknowledge that in many cases the remark is true; but there are no known principles to raise it into a law. The next point in Mr. H.'s admirable lecture to which our attention has been dawn is the explanation he offers of the cause of the destruction of colour in ink. We have two or three objections to his rationale. First, if the gallate of iron be decomposed by uncombiued muriatic acid, (we use this designa tion in conformity nith the lecturer,) we cannot understand why it should require years for that purpose ; secondly, although the process adopted by the manufacturer of paper may generate muriatic acid, yet it is hardly conceivable that an acid which has so powerful an affinity for water should remain in the paper after the repeated washings to which the pulp is exposed; and thirdly, we think that gallic acid, being composed of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon, may itself undergo spontaneous decom. position, and the presence of iron would greatly facilitate We know many instances in which the peroxide of iron w occasion the oxidation of other metals, and also decompose ve• getable compounds. The subject is highly important, and deeply interestink to the manufacturer and the public, and we think both are under obligations to Mr. H. for having brought the subject under their notice. We must be pardoned if we withhold our assent to Mr. H.'s explanation of the evolution of carbon producing "blackness" on the addition of sulphuric acid to sugar. That sugar contains oxygen and hydrogen we know; but that these exist in that proportion which constitutes water, we have no proof. Atomically they do not. Sugar is a triple compound of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon; and sul phuric acid, as was first observed by Vanquelin and Fourcroy, will occasion the oxygen and hydrogen to unite and form water; but they always found a portion of acetic acid with the evolved carbon, which circumstance seems fully to negative Mr. H.'s hypothesis. Besides, starch or gum will exhibit the same phe nomena with sulphuric acid as sugar; and must we, therefore, infer that all these are mere compounds of carbon and water? Mr. H., in stating the atomic weights, assumes, as many che mists do, and we think inconveniently, hydrogen as the atomic unit. Though decimals are thus avoided, the memory is bur dened with large numbers; thus lead, which Mr. H. calls 101, would be 13, if oxygen were made the atomic unit. It is, how ever, much a matter of taste. We have learnt from tables which make oxygen the unit; and since one series of numbers may be converted into the other by simply multiplying or di viding by eight, it is not of much importance which the chemical student may learn. Mr. H. very dexterously, if demonstra tively, gets over the diffictulty of " sesquioxides." Ho may be right, but he cannot prove it; it is only an hypothesis to remove the apparent absurdity of half atoms. Whether we may or not " for a moment suppose that an atom is capable of combining with 1j of another," this we know, that the theory of half atoms explains the proportions of the elements constituting such corn pounds as satisfactorily as that of multiplying integrals. The equivalents of carbonic acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, ammo nia, potash, and soda are all correct, excepting that Of potash, which should be 48 instead of 41. The explanation given by Mr. H. of chemical nomenclature is very lucid, hut to one of the examples we have an exceptien. Sulphuric acid is not composed of "one atom oxygen and one atom sulphur," as stated, but of two atoms or equivalents of oxygen and ono atom or equivalent of sulphur; and sulphuric acid does not contain " two equivalents of oxygen,;' but three to " one equivalent of sulphur." Haste or inadvertence might occasion the mistake; but they who listened to the lecturer were not likely to correct him. Wo doubt also whether Mr. H.'s definition of an acid be quite unexceptionable—" the power of dissolving metals." That this is his definition is evident, because, to speak logically, he makes it the " essential difference." There are some metals (metallic oxides Mr. H. means) which acids will not dissolve, and there are many metallic oxides which are soluble in alka lies, and even alkaline earth. Oxides of lead and mercury will dissolve in lime water. Again, the salts composed of sulphur tons acid and bases are not sulphurites, but sulphites. These little mistakes are not in the least detractive from the merit of the lecture; because, though they might occasion a momentary error, the solid foundation of truth which was laid by Mr. H. would soon receive a correct structure of science. We assure Mr. H., in perfect sincerity, that we hail his visit to Liverpool as a blessing to the operatives of our town, many of whom will, we hope, acquire a taste for the fascinating and important sci ence of chemistry, and find in it such a rich repast as will dull the appetite for the gross garbage of political agitation. CLOSE OI THE EXHIBITION.—The Exhibition of Paintings closed on Tuesday, after one of the most successful seasons which its promoteis have ever experienced. We are gratified in being enabled to make this announcement, so creditable 'to the taste and intellect of the town. On Wednesday the prizes were drawn. DimlNuTtox op Crow.. !—Yesterday, at the Police-office, there were 121 cases book e d t o b e heard, 42 of which were for felony. This exceeds considerably the amount of crime of the days of the old police, whil s t th e present pol i ce force is double in - number that of the old. We don't say this in blame of the present police, fox in praise of the o ld ; on l y a f ew suc h awkwardja as these, tend no little to render valueless the often repeated assertions of Mr. Joshua Walmsley, and the Watch Committee, of " the great diminution of crime," under the efforts of the new police. THE THEA TRU-ROYA L.—The present week appears devoted to the benefits of several of the company. Last night Miss Faucit took her benefit with the play of "Virginius," and we are glad to hear had a good house. To-night Mr. Andrews, the oldest member of the theatrical corps, makes his twenty seventh appeal to the Liverpool public with the play of the " Provoked Husband." On Wednesday night Mr. and Mrs. Bland take their benctit with . the Opera of " Henri Quatre." Mrs. Bland is well known as a songstress of no mean ability, and as a most plpising actress. We doubt n o t . but her benefit 'will be supported. On Friday evening Messrs. Lloyd, the prompter, and Howard take their benefit with the play of "The School of Reform," in which Mr. Hammond is engaged to play the part of Tyke. The well-known abilities of this fa vourite actor will doubtless draw a crowded house. .Tne Lives THRATER.--This pretty little Theatre continues to'be nightly crowded by respectable audiences to witness the clever and astonishing feats of Mr. Sutton, the Magician. His feats of legerdemain are beyond description surprising. He makes no mystery of it; he tells his audience 'he will deceive them, and deceive them he does and most completely. Nut the slightest slip, or the slightest motion can be discovered to give a clue to the extraordinary transformations which he effects.-- His ventriloquism is not less clever and is highly amusing.— Though he evidently is labouring under a severe cold, the de ception is most complete. His imitation of a young puppy dog in a hat and the smothering of the tone by placing a plate over it, is one of the most perfect tricks of ventriloquism we ever heard. We can assure our readers who may choose to witness his feats that they will be.highly entertained. "THE GENTLEMEN OF THE P RESS." —ASSAULT. -011 Sa turday last Mr. Foster, the reporter for the Liverpool Standard, applied to Mr. Hall for a summons against R. S. Mackenzie, LL. D., editor of the Liverpool Journal. Mr. Foster spoke as follows :—" I have an application to make for a summons against Dr. Mackenzie, of the Liverpool Journal, for an assault which he has committed upon me. I was yesterday in the In solvent Debtors' Court, where also Dr. Mack enz i e was. I be lieve he, as well as myself, was engaged in t a ki ng a rrport of the case of Mr. Moon for the Manchester papers. Late in the af ternoon I applied for a rather lengthy document, which had been read, and for which, it appears, Dr. Mackenzie had also applied. As the ManOester mail goes at five o'clock, we had no time to lose. After a time, the document was handed over to me, and I was about to make use of it, when Dr. Mackenzie snatched it from my hand. 1 remonstrated with him on the im propriety of his conduct, and offered to let the document lie be tween us, sn that both might make use of it. He replied, that he did not wish to have anything to do with such a fellow. Mr. Powell, oue of the opposing creditors, very politely offered to read it over to us. but Dr. Mackenzie repeated, that he would have nothing to do with such a fellow. I then said he was be having very much like a blackguard; upon which he immedi ately Struck me a violent blow on the face with his open hand. Al y first impulse was to knock him down, but I am now glad I forbore. Mr. Batchelder stood within a few yards of me at the time, and distinctly heard the blow, and several respectable gen tlemen and members - of the bar were present. A gentleman, who gave me his name and address, offered to come forward as a witness. The court kvas crowded with individuals et the time." The summons W i t aidltn the case is to be heard to-or krao ro've;• (this day,) at one Tin LIVERPOOL STANDARD. INSOLVENT COURT, On Friday the examination of Mr. John Moon, late cotton broker. of Manehester, was entered into on his .petition to be discharged tinder the insolvent act, before Henry Revel Rey nolds, 1;,q., his Majesty's chief commissioner for the relief of insolvent debtors. Mr. VNNABLES appeared on behalf of the opposing creditors, Messrs. Brown and Powell; and Mr. Wilkins for the defence of the petitioner. On the lust hearing of the case at the Insolvent Court at Lan caster, as there was considerable difficulty in investigating the accounts, the whole circumstances of the insolvent were refer red for examination to Mr. Banner, of Liverpool, and pre vious to the case being gone into on the present occasion, the report of Mr. Banner was read by the clerk of the court. Mr. Banner reported that in pursuance of an order of reference by the court he had examined the insolvent's accounts. The first object to which his attention had been directed was with re gard to 763 bags of cotton, which could not be accounted for, and also to a considerable amount of cash which the insolvent appealed to have omitted in his schedule. After minute in quiry he had succeeded in tracing each parcel of cotton, and he could certify that the insolvent had accounted for the whole of it. In the amended cash account alluded to, the insolvent had not accounted for £2,500, or thereabouts, which he must have received at the commercial Bank of Englend at Man chester, between the sth day of March and the 14th day of April, 1836. He was of opinion this was not accounted * for. The insolvent did not keep the usual commercial books of ledger, journal, and cash-book, so as to show the state of his affairs. There was also an item of £4 13s. for postage of letters, for which large sum or postage only four letters could be shown, and the insolvent supposed he must have lost them. lie was of opinion that the assignee and opposing creditor were fully jus tified in making the investigation. Mr. VENABLES said he opposed the insolvent on behalf of Messrs. Brown and Powell, his clients. He had to offer some observations on the report which had been made. He thought it would not be necessary that he should examine any more witnesses on the present occasion, after what. had passed in the month of July at Lancaster, as to any of the facts there brought forward. Ito proposed to take the report as a fair judgment between the parties, and to confine his observations to it alone. Before the learned cOmmissioner adjudged on the case which the insolvent had brought forward, he would, he. was certain; refer to his notes, and form his own judgment with regard to the discharging or remanding of the insolvent. The fi rst ma terial fact whi c h app eare d against the insolvent was the fact of withholding from his halauce-sheet any account of the disposi tion of the stun of £2.500. The sum whether received at once or at different times was received at a very short period before the insolvent went to prison. The insolvent ought to have made some statement of that sum in his special balance-sheet. He had had ample time to have made any alterations in his special balance-sheet since his last hearing. - It was a sum of no trifling amount, altheughle admitted-that the whets deb&••were- very large. It was his bounden duty to show to his creditors in what manner this sum had been disposed of, whether in fair trade and business, or in some person's hands to be paid to him on his release. It was quite monstrous to suppose he could have ex pended so large a sum in household expenses during the short time betwixt his receiving it and hieing committed to piison. Mr. Venables then alluded to the item for postage' as at large sum for that purpose, where no letters were found to substan tiate the charge. It was most material if there had been this extensive correspondence that his creditors should be in posses sion of the letters, and yet only four were found. He would ad lint that the cotton transaction had been accounted for, accord ing to the examiner. These were the points he was directed to press on that occasion, and whatever might be the commission er's judgment on the present occasion, his clients would be per fectly satisfied. Mr. WILKINS ' said be had listened to his learned friend's address with no less pleasure than attention in his having adopted a different tone to what he had done on a former occasion, He was happy, individually as well as professionally, that they had taken the sting out of this case—that they had, according to his learned friend, removed all characteristics of fraud, and that the only. charge against Mr. Moon was that of negligence. The only fault which could be urged against him had been that he did not keep a book-keeper to assist him in the entry of his.ae counts; and he apprehended there was no clause in the act of parliament which remanded him for neglect, unless it could be shown that there was fraudulent concealment on the part of Moon. He was aware that £2,500 was a very large sum, and he should have felt that he was entitled to know from a creditor how that sum had been disposed of. But if it had beets shown to him, as a creditor, after the conclusive investigation which had taken place, that the insolvent had acquitted himself, and that nothing like fraud appeared against him, he should have been satisfied. The COMMISSIONER conceived that to be the argument of the learned opposing counsel, that he had not acquitted himself. Mr. VRNA LES.—Certainly. Mr. Wit clams 'apprehended, in the absence of evidence, assumption would not do. In the absence of anything like proof, it would not do for his learned friend to inflict a stigma on Mr. Moon's character because he might choose to surmise that because of his negligence he had not been able to account for the property that ho had fraudulently concealed it. Sup posing theapplication of his learned friend were granted, and Mr. Moon were remanded, further than gratifying the feelings of the creditors, what good could result - from it? Mr. Moon's special balance sheet was; in his opinion, one of the most laboured and best that he had seen in that court in his life, proving that Mr. Moon had devoted all his attention in the solitude of his confinement to the subject; and, if Mr. Moon' were remanded, it would be impossible for him four months hence to give a better account- of the transaction. It was im possible to make out clear and distinct accounts from the books which Mr. Moon had kept; Mr. Moon regretted thedeficiency; but he declared on his solemn oath that he could not account for it. If he were sent back, at the expiration of four months he would only be able to declare the same, and he would then have been ten months incarcerated. Let them tell him that (lay that he had been a negligent man towards his creditors, who had a right to complain; but do not, he would urge them, tell him he had been , a fraudulent man. Let them dismiss him, at any rate, under the conviction that he had been an un fortunate man, but not a dishonest man. _ Mr. Moon then, in answer to the questions of the corn• missioners, declared on his solemn oath that he could Tim account for the deficiency of £2,s6l—that he had net gieVst thal sum of money to any one to take care of for him in securities, , . bills, or any available document whatever—that the money which had since been paid into that court was' not a shilling of it a portion of that sum, and that £4O of the sum which had now been paid into that - court was the iimount retained by Mr.. Raw linson,Solicitor, ft r his bill of costs, and that Mr. Itawlinsen de pended alone on his honour for the future payment of his bill. The CostsitssioNaa said this case had been otte of most anxious consideration to him. He was sure that both sides would do him cre dit f or stating, that without any degree of af fectation, he had given this case his best consideration, trait on the former occasion when he had heard it, and on th e present. The point at issue for him at th a t moment t o fi ll was, to put himself in the position of a juryman, and to say, was there evidence in the case sufficient to justify hitn,in comine. to the conclusion that the present applicant to th e court h a s beep guilty of wilfully concealing property which ought to be divided among his creditors ? If there were any, doubt o n th a t point, in the language of the law, he ought to give th e app li. cant the benefit of that doubt. The previous investigation had embodied many circumstances of great doubt relating to some cotton, which by the investigation of the examiner had been cleared up. He was glad to find that the doubt which he entertain ed on that question bad been cleared up. If he were to remand the petitioner on evidence which would be satisfactory that he had come to a just conclusion, but on which evidence there vans a doubt, Mr. Moon would for life be shunned by persons f honour and integrity. He was glad to perceive the t emper and propriety with which the opposition was prosecuted, b y part i es .who had been subjected to as much suffering as in a n v case which had come before him. The deficiency which appeared,- he was told on oath, could not be accounted for; and that every shilling held by the defendant had been paid into court, T he manner in which Mr. Moon had acceded to the investigation at the previous hearing at Lancaster, had been most creditable to him, and did not show an appearance of guilty fear. If h e were to remand him for not clearing up the doubt about th e d e _ fieienev, and circumstances were afterwards to turn up. justi fying Mr. Moon, it would be matter of regret both to hi m s e lf and to the opposing creditors that he had been so remanded. If on the other hand he were discharged, that court would still have power over him, and should his statement on oath, which he should insert on his schedule, be false, he might be indicted for perjury, and he might also be re-imprisoned under the i nso l_ vent act, and remanded for three years to confinement; and any persons assisting him in concealing that property, if so doing, would be liable to indictment for a misdemeanour, and might under that indictment be imprisoned for three years to hard labour. He therefore, when he should have entered on his schedule the statements which he had made on oath, should dis- charge him. Mr. VENABLES applied to know if the costs of the present proceedings would he allowed ? The COMMISSIONER.—Oh, to the utmost farthing! The case was concluded about three o'clock. THE QURRN.—It is currently reported, and .we believe-on good foundation, that Her Majesty is about to reside for some months in this neighbourhood (Southampton). • Biul health is assigned as a reason.--Hampshire paper. , Bony WASHED Asnorta.—The body of a man was• disco vered, last night, lashed to some rigging, belonging to a sma ll vessel which sunk on this shore last Wednesday, and .brought to the hearse-house near the church thi s meining. He had'on only a pair of blue trowsers, in the pockets of which was Is. and a watch-guard about his neck. The body will be decently. interred as soon as the coroners inquest is taken.-i-Formby, November 30, 1836. THE ,LARGEST ORGAN IN LANCASHIRE.—A new organ is now erecting for St. Mark's Church, by .Messrs. Bewsher and Fleetwood,- of this town, which will be the largest in this part of the country. It consists of three full rows of keys, comprising a great organ. i!hoir organ, and swell. The compass of the or gan is from, double G, with a double G sharp, to F, 59 keys. The great organ has 12 stops through, choir organ 9, and swell 8; two stops of pedal pipes, of two octaves each, the largest 20 feet long, with couplers; altogether 39 stops.. The number of pipes is nearly 2000. The organ is expected to be opened this day week, by the members of the Choral Society. Mr. M'Neile, of St. Jude's, will preach a sermon on the occasion. IMPORTANT TO ANGLERS.—The jaw of a shark has been sent to the Secretary of the Underwriters, which is well worthy of notice. The gentleman to whom this jaw was "part and parcel" of, was caught off the Cape of Good Hope, by Captain Crosbie, of the Bridget, to this port. It measure d i n length 15 feet, and was in girth round his waist about the size of a sugar tierce, and weighed 12 cwt. The head appears to have been but small in comparison to the size of the body. The teeth are formidable in the extreme, displaying seven rows of grinders, of such a pure whiteness, that any of our dentists would look upon them with delight and admiration. From the time of entrap ping this moustev to the time of his being hauled on deck was three hours. IMMENSE CHIMNEY.—A magnificent chimney was complet ed in Runcorn, at the soap and alkali works of Messrs. Hazle hurst and Sons, last Saturday. It is one of the most splendid monuments that could possibly be conceived as a chimney. — It is above 102 yards high, circular, and of most symmetrical proportions, it is seen f rom th e surroun di ng country, rearing its tall majestic head above every other object. There is a twin chimney in the same town, though not quite so high or massive. This immense pile contains more than half a inillion bricks, and is computed to be about 2,800 tons weight : a slight idea may he formed of it when it is stated that the coping stone at the top is 10 tons. It was began in May last, and constructed under the supeintendance of the celebrated architect Mr. vingstone, of Newcastle, and refients great credit upon his skill and abilities. BOTTLE. WASHED A:SIIORT , ..—A small gla:ss phial, or bottle, with a cork smeared over with pitch, was picked.up on the beach of Ahergele Ray last Week, by £lr. Hugh Roberts, and has been left at oar of for the inspection of the curious: It con tains .a small bone, round' which is rolled r; pOilar label, with Chinese or some other 14_:nstern characters written upon it but as to wire..lCley mean, or whether the bottle a7iil its cooten . ts are a niece b,ax„.we h ave no means of ascertain It been shown to it.Aard Jones,, alias Dick of Abordaron, a', 4 +" 3ther lines List , htttrthey LIVERPOOL POLICE A Pvt.rciiTioN FOR A WARRANT TO SEIZE FOR ExclsE DUTY IN 1)..tr./Gtm.-LOn Saturday, at the Police-otlice, an application was made for a warrant by the Excise-officers to seize the g,oods of Mr. Thomas Stoekdale, soapmaker, for double duty. Row lands, the Excise-officer, deposed that Thomas Stoekdale was a hard soap maker in Liverpool. The soap duty charged on him, between the 10th day of October and the 7th day of November following, was on 421,1631h5. of soap, the single duty of which was 1:2651 Os. 41d. He had made a proper demand of the duty and it had not been paid. The collector said the object of the Excise was to secure the revenue for the single duty and costs; they did not want the double duty, which they were entitled to claim if they thought propels. The application for payment had been made the night before, and twelve hours' notice only was necessary before obtaining the warrant. A gentleman, an at torney, appeared on behalf of Mr. Stockdale. He objected that the act of parliament said the award must be made by order of the commissioners. The collector replied that he was authorised to make the application by an order from the general board. They never did lay an information until they thought the duty in danger, and then they could immediately take steps for se curing the duty, and acquaint the board with their proceedings afterwards. Mr. Stockdale's attorney said the assertion of the collector was not evidence, th , y must see the general order au thorising the application. The collector said he was not aware he should have been opposed by a professional gentleman in the proceeding he had taken, and he had not the order with him, but he would send for it. Mr. Stockdale's professional adviser was not doing his client any good by the opposition, for he shout take immediate and further proceedings in consequence. The order was then sent for. On its being produced, it appeared to be a general order from the board, authorising all collectors to take the step which was then taken. Mr. Stockdale's profes sional athiiser then took an objection that they had no proof of the collector being a collector further than his assertion—he must prove .his appointment. Mr. Hall said he had always acted as sneh,.and no objection had been taken against him, and - the outs probandi rested not with the collector, but with Mr. Stock - dale that he was not. The collector said he could produce his - appointment in.ten minutes, if required. Mr. Hall said it was net 'tieeeisary ; he should not establish a precedent of bringing Unnecessary evidence before him. Mr. Hall then said, in point of fact,. the collector was applying to him to award double dtity, and they would take the single duty and expenses. The collector" Yes." The warrant was then granted. IsiPuDENT ROBRga Y.—On Saturday, at the Police-office, a man named William Ellison was placed at the bar charged with having deliberately walked away with a ham. Nicholas Twigg deposed. to being a grocer and provision dealer in St. James's street. At eight o'clock the night before he was in his shop, When he saw the prisoner enter. He did not immediately say what he wanted, nor ask witness anything. 'Witness, however, kept - his eve upon him, and saw him, out of a window that looks into the shop, take a knife and cut downi large . ham which was hung up, and walk very coolly away out of the shop. He fol lowed him immediately, and saw him throw the knife away with .which. he hail cut down the ham, He immediately took him into custody, with the ham in his possession, and gave him in charge of a policeman: . The ham weighed 261bs. The prisoner said be was very drunk when he committed the theft. He was sent to take hii AN IMPUDENT YOUNG THIRF.—A verly little boy, named William Smith, whoie age, we should imagine, was about nine years, was on Saturday last placed at the bar of the Police Court, charged with having stolen a number of articles from Mrs. Williams, shopkeeper, Warren-street, under the following cir cumstances :—Mrs. Williams stated that on the preceding evening the prisone r entered hershop and asked the price of a pound of butter. She told him the price, and he then requested to be supplied with a pound of bacon. This was weighed and delivered to him. Ile then asked for four pounds of bread, which was also supplied. Tucking these articles under his arm, he laid violent hands on a pound of candles, (long sixes, as the complainant averred,) and a pound of eightpennv sugar, and darted from the shop. In going out, he dropped the long sixes, and it appears that he grasped the sugar so tightly that the paper opened, and he scattered it as he rim. A police-officer was called, who tracked the prisOner by the sweet trail which he had left in his wake, and discovered hint in the next street. He was taken to'Brideweli. The prisoner did not deny the charge, and Mr. Hall committed him to the House of Correction for two months. • •STEALING LlNllN.—Yesterday, at the Police-office, a carter, named. William Taylor, was charged with having stolen a table cloth, which had been entrusted to his care along with some other linen; to cart from WaVertree to Windsor, and taken it to pawn. A young female stated that the prisoner was employed by Mrs. Hiles, of Waveriree, to cart linen every week, and some linen was entrusted to his care on Saturday last. On the arrival of the linen at its destination the tablecloth was missed. Mr. Hyams, pawnbroker, deposed that the prisoner had called at his -shop on Saturday evening and wanted to pledge the tablecloth. He asked him to whom it belonged, and he gave such unsatis factory answers that he gave him into custody. The complain ant identified the tablecloth. The tablecloth was worth ss. or 6s. It appeared, however, that the prisoner had not actually pledged the cloth. Mr. Hall said Mr. Hymns had apprehended him too soon. His conduct in bringing the case forward was very meritorious. The prisoner was then ordered to be re manded, and.the cloth given back to the owner. A Nten DtsrliacTioar.—Yesterday, at the Police-office, a female named Mary Ann Johnson was charged, before the ma gistrates, by a blackman named Harvey, with having stolen his watch. The complainant, with the characteristic gabble of all his countrymen, made a long statement, of which the following is the substance:—That he had given his watch to repair to a watchmaker, and that the prisoner had gone to the watchmaker and obtained his watch, and afterwards pawned it. The pri soner had formerly washed for him, and be owed her about 4s. A watchmaker deposed that the prisoner came to his house and said he was to bring the watch to her house at seven o'clock in the evening, that the complainant had told her. Ile accord ingly took the watch there, and left it. The prisoner said that the complainant ,rdered her to tell the watchmaker to bring it to her house, and side had pledged it for a debt of 19s. 9d. which the complainant owed her, and Which she could not get. When the watch was brought to her house the complainant was not there to receive it: Mr. Hall—" I have nothing to do with the debt; but it appears the prisoner has only been following the complainant's ardeas." Complainant—"Oh yeah, certainly, I told bib to tell vatchmaker to bring it, but I no tell hib to receive it." Mr. Hall—" Discharge the prisoner." SHOPLIFTING.—Yesterday, at the Police-office, a respectable and good-looking young female named Isabella Lyons was charged by the shopman of Mr. White, in Ranelagh-street, with having endeavoured to steal a shawl from his shop. The shop man deposed that he was serving her, and while ho went to the window she took a shawl. He did not observe her till after wards, when he saw the shawl tinder her cloak. The shawl was his master's property, and was worth 9s. Mr. White said, in consideration of its being her first offence and her having a young child, he would rather not press the charge. Mr. Hall said shoplifting was.now carried on to so great an extent, and was so common an offence, that it was necessary to be severe in these cases, for the protection of shopkeepers. —The infor mation 4 were ordered to be taken. EXTENSIVE BUSlNas9.—Yesterda y, at the Police-office, three miserable:looking beings, named Sarah Strainer, Jane Strainer, and Edward Armstrong, were placed at the bar of the Police office, charged by one of the police with having a large number of pocket-handkerchiefs fount! in their possession. A policeman deposed that the night before he was on duty in Dale-street, when he met the two women and the lad at the bar carrying a small.bundle. Flo asked what it contained, and found in it ten gentlemen's silk pocket-handkerchiefs, all different, and half dirty, as if taken from the pocket. They could give no • antis factory account of them, and he took them to Bridewell. They were all bad characters. The prisoners were remanded in order to afford an opportunity to have the handkerchiefs identified. -- • lionanay.--Yesterday, at the Police-office a middle aged woman respectably dressed in widow's weeds named Margaret Thornhill, was placed before the Magistrates charg.ed with hav ing stolen a variety of articles f r o m th e h ouse of Mrs. Lewis, in . Chapel-street. Mrs. Lewis deposed that the prisoner had been in the habit of frequenting her house very often and getting a glass of ale. She represented herself as a nurse, and being respectable looking she had asked her to sit down in the kitchen when she came. On Saturday she came sensual and was asked to sit down. Soon after a silver tea-spoon was missed and she insisted on the persons about beings searched. The prisoner took the candle and helped her to look abontand then went away. She then 'suspected. tho prisoner and followed her and overtook her in Oldhall-street, and gave her into. custody. On searching her the silver spoen was found upon her, 3 copper sh av i ng cans and a number of knives apd , forks. She had lost a great num ber of things during thepast.ameaths, but never suspected the prisoner. The Prisoner said she .was left a widow and she had gone ont'air a ndrie.tind as a servant, and she wus drunk at the time. Parkinseir, the Bridewell-keeper, said. a note was found upon her from.. Mis: Atherton of N ew B r i ghton, in answer to an application - for sr:situation. Mr. , Whitty said she had been a very respectable, WoMan, hut her husband misdeed and she had latterly been giVen to drink. Mr. Hall said he must make an example; POlicans were continually being robbed of all kinds of things by parties frequenting their houses who went off with everyvthing they could lay their hands on. She was committed to take her trial. Tun LATR MADAME MALTRRAN the Con sistory Court. Chester, on Thursday, th e p rocee di ngs i n t h e cause of De Beri o t v . Sharp, promoted by M. Del3eriot against the churchwardens of Manchester, by which the former sought m to obtain an order for . the teoval of the corpse of Madame Malibran De Beriot from the Collegiate Church of Manchester to the church of Laken, near Brussels, in the kingdom of Bel gium, were 'again . renewed. Messrs.. Jones and Maddock, the proctors for 'the : defendant, read a protocol of appeal, that is, they took the first step towards appealing against the decision of the Rev. li. Raike's (the chancellor) to the Metropolitan Court at York. The grounds of appeal are two-fold : first, the defendant relies Upon the want of personal service of the cita tion; and, second, the granting of the faculty without giving him an opportunity of showing cause against the issuing of the same.' The result of this step will be, the prevention of the is. suing of the faculty until after the next court day. The de fendant will, in the meantime, have an opportunity of calling upon M. De Beriot to prove his interest in the Court of Ap peal, should there be any truth in the report, that Madame Ma libran was not legal liv divorced from her first husband. lIIRRITORIOUS CONDUCT.—Erection of a Nxw CHURCH at Bolton. A short time ago the inhabitants of Bolton subscribed a handsome sum,. to be appropriated to the purchase of some testimonial of respect for the Rev. Jas. Slade, the vicar, for his long and faithful discharge of his important duties. Application was made to him through the medium of a committee, to ascer tain his wishes as to the appropriation of the subscribed sum. In preference, however, to choosing some piece of plate, which was the idea of the committee, his wish was, that it should be appropriated to some charity, or the establishment of some in stitution of public utility, which he would leave to the choice of the committee of management. The committee met their pas tor on Monday the 28th ult., and the worthy vicar then, in an eloquent address, which has since been printed, expressed his wish that the suns should he applied to the erection of a c hurch , and school near Bolton. We extract the following from his elo quent appeal to hi s pari s hi oners . "Th ose person s. who pro claim th e vas t superioi of the Church, and inveigh against her en em i es, may b e j ustly called upce and expec t e d to do somethi ng , yea, something Substantial for her sup Pt. whether time has fully arrived, when it h a s to be determine d . her friends will effectually exert themselves on her beha lf, . or not. L et t h em b e thoroughly assured that t h e Church cannot Possibly b e maintained, in the midst of an ov erg rown popula tion, by mere verbal demonstrations of allegiance and attach ment; there must be, on the part of her sons and daughters, a spirit of generosity and beneficence; some sacrifices must be made for her; some gifts bestowed, which may deserve the name of a seeritice ; not only by the opulent, but by all classes, according, to their power. If this he not done, done liberally and nobly, it will be in vain to cast reproach upon our enemies; the reproach will belong t o ourselves ; the Church will have dwindled and decayed by, the negligenee, and parsimony, and ingratitude of her Own children." This is as it ought to be, coming, as it dee::„ from a clergyman who is an ornament to the established chnrch ; and the best proof of its sincerity, is, that the Vii , nrlii Tian . has contributed the sum of £lOO toWards the subscription for the erection of a church and school. We need truly add, that this proceeding, in all its bearings, reflects the higi-.'est hone tir upon him as a christian minister. Bolton Alger hal' b .- e'en fixed upon as the scite of the church and school. A POPULAR COURSE OF CHEMISTRY. MECHANICS' INSTITUTION. lA:cruets Vi. • On Saturday eveniros, Mr. Hemming proceeded with his valuable lectures to'a crewded audience. The subject fur ern sideration in the following lecture is the new and improved modes for supplying and continuing the sup ply of light. Prima time immemorial until within a very re cent period, the contrivances for a supply of artificial light were very few, anti almost entirely confined to the combustion of animal, vegetable, and mineral oils. The animal and vegetable oils are well known : by mineral oil is meant that bituminou s fluid which is o bt a i ne d i n such abundance in Persia, called naptha, or petroleum, as to allow of its being used for culinary, and tither domestic purposes. Until very recently, these sub stances were all decomposed by combustion in lamps of a very similar kind; for before the introduction of the candle, tallow, was, and fat, as well as oil, were burned in a lamp. The lamp contained a mass of fibrous matter, commonly called a wick. The wick was not always combustible and 'destructible, for in some cases, amianthus and asbestos were employed. The wicks consisted,- as already stated, .of.a fibrous material, and con tamed a great number of pores, up which, by virtue of capillary action, the oil, &c. would rise above the ordinary surface of the fluid in the vessel, to feed 'the wick. When in this state, an ignited body is applied to the wick, it meets with the wax, tal low, or oil, in a very minute state of divieion • and, by decom posing them iota tlieir el ements, as we must always do to effect ignition, we produce a light. In almost all these cases, the quantity of light wo produce, depends, almost entirely, upon the quantity of carbon we burn; and not upon the quantity of carbon or charcoal the substance may contain. The greater the quantity of carbon which enters into combination with the oxy gen of the atmosphere at a high temperature, the whiter and more intense will be the quality of the light. Indeed, we may take it as an axiom, that tho quantity of light produced by burn ing these substances, is in proportion to the quantity of carbonic acid formed. We must, therefore, have a due supply of atmos pheric air, or oxygen, to enter into combination with this car bonaceous matter, to form carbonic acid gas. 'rho principal elements we find in these substances, are combinations of car bon and hydrogen ; which are the principal components of all matter which burns with light and heat. Hydrogen will burn with a faint flame, scarcely visible by day, when uncombined with carbon; but when hydrog en contains carbon united with it chemically, and we burn thm in intimate connexion with oxygen, we produce intense energy of combustion, and a beau tiful white flame. Now although the quantity of light depends upon the quantity of solid matter contained in the substances we burn, yet more depends upon our mode or manner of burning them. Thus, if a eurrent of hydrogen gas be directed upon a piece of lime, and ignited, the lime will be dissipated in minute particles of intense whiteness. Charcoal,- burned in oxygen gas, throws off similar particles, and affords a brilliant light; but, when charcoal is burned under ordinary circumstan ces, it merely of a dell red ligbf. If, however, a stream of atmospheric air be urged upon the ignited charcoal, its light will be much increased : a white light is more intense than a red one; and a white heat than a red one; and it 'may he con sidered an axiom, that the intensity of light and heat, is in proportion to the whiteness of the substance in combustion. In older to increase the heat of oil, tallow, &c. in combustion, we must force through them a great deal of atmospheric air. In the old lamp, this was impossible ; and the invariable consequence wag, that the combustion was not. perfect, and that a dense red flame, with a giAlt quantity of smoke was the result. In this case besides losing a quantity of light, the smoke, which is the most valuable portion of the material, likewise eseape, merely on account of a deficient supply of atmospheric air, as the air could only play around the external portion the flame. It occurred to Monsieur Argent!, of Geneva, that if be could force a quantity of air through the flame he could effect a more per, fect combustion of the oil. This may be proved by a very sim ple experiment. If wc take time bicarburetted hydrogen or (defier: t gas, which is the must valuable illuminating gas we possess, and ignite it as it comes out of a tube without a burner, the light will be mm h inferior to what it would give if it issued from a gas burner through whieli a current of air passed. Notwithstand ing this it will afford a brilliant light, much superior to oil or coal gas. This light arises from the union of the carbon con tained in it with the oxygen of the atmosphere, for if we burn this gas in an atmosphere which will not unite with the carbon, there will be very little light, and a great quantity of smoke or carbon. Mr. Hemming then mixed some of this gas'with chlorine, which, though a supporter of combustion, will not unite with carbon, when the effect he described ensued. M. Areand imagined that if he passed a current of air through the centre of the burner and of the wick he should produce a whiter light by the more complete combustion of the carbon. He therefore con structed a lamp with a circular burner. through the centre of which the atmospheric air being ratified by the beat passed with some degree of force. Still, however, this lamp slid not altogether realize his expectations, for the flame was somewhat red, and there was a portion of smoke evolved from it. But it happened by accident that his brother inverted a glass tube over it while the lamp was on the chimney-piece, when a perfect combustion of the carbonaceous mattter was effected, and this showed him that what we call it chimney was, in fact, a chim ney because it caused a draught around the flame. These lamps were shortly after introduced all over Europe, and have super seded every other description of lamp. It than became neces sary to ss oct rid of the shad ow o f t h e lamp. Those which are now used on the drawing-room table contain the oil in a rim round the burner, and hence cast a circular shadow. The foun tain lamp was then constructed, but owing to to the inconve niences attending its use it never became generally patronized. A very curious lamp was afterwards constructed in France, in which the oil was forced a considerable height to supply the wick by means of a couple of small pumps, worked by clock machinery placed underneath the lamp. One great peCuliarity attending this lamp, which casts no shadow, is, that however high the wick is raised above the metal surrounding it, the flame has no tendency to descend, in consequence of the free supply of oil which it receives from the pumps. The glass chimney is also capable of being raised or lowered at pleasure. It was early discovered 'that if the lower part of the chimney was flanged the lamp would burn better. Few persons know thews of this flange. Its upper portion should be exactly opposite the ig nited portion of the wick, for if it is situated higher or lower the flame will be less. The reason is, that by means of the flange the air is thrown upon the ignited portion of tbe wick. We find, inansiny lamps the flange to be of acertaris height, and that the galleries are constructed of a similar height to contain the chim neys. There is a great advantage in having the metal at a great distance from the light because the metal-getting hot car ries off the heat necessary for the perfect decomposition of the carbonaceous matter. The advantage of not allowing the heat to he thus carried off is illustrated by the tar lamp of Mr. Beale, an economical and valuable contrivance for burning tar after the naptha has been distilled from it. It was found, Mr. B. said, that the rim must be as thin as possible; if thick, so great( would be the quantity of heat abstracted that the tar was not conseimed as it would otherwise lie. The Naptha lamp is a very valuable con tsivance if Properly managed, and is much cheaper than a gas light would be. The Naptha is a distillation from coal tar, and requires to be burned with a fine wick, which must not- be more than 1-50 of an inch above the surrounding metal. It burns with a dense smoky flame until a glass is produced over it, when it emits a brilliant white light. The great improve ment of modern times is oil anti coal gas; these, however, being so well known, and Mr. Hemming having entered so fully into the subject on his last visit to Liverpool, he merely glanced at thein en passant. An improvement has been made on the safety lamp of Sir H. Davy by Mr. Roberts, of London. This con sists in encircling the wire gauze of his lamp with a glass cylinder, and causing the air admitted for the consumption of the lamp to pass through the flame by means of a cone, where by all danger is removed. Mr. "lemming considered the Davy lamp, if properly managed, to be perfectly safe, even in a blower; tint, certainly, were there any danger in a blower with Sir H. Davy's lamp, that danger must be removed by the use of Mr. Roberts's contrivances. We have now to consider a few other improvements in the mode of producing artificial light; 'amongst these are to be noticed the improvements which have recently been made in the manufacture of candles awl candlesticks. There was one which the lecturer wished to s have produced could he have procured it in any 'of the London shops. It was a patent candlestick, by which the candle was made to burn in an in-- dined position, so. that there was no necessity to snuff the wick. The reason why a candle requires snuffing is, because the car bon at the top of the wick is enclosed by the flame so as to pre vent the access of the oxy,gen of the air remove it. Un fortunately, however, for the invention, while this beneficial effect takes place another evil is produced, arising from the dropping of the tallow. Like many other patents, this has been productive of very little advantage to the patentee. There is, however, another invention which renders the snuffing of the candle unnecessary. It is a wick twisted in two spiral di rections, which, as it becomes ignited, untwists and turns in the opposite direction, and insensibly smoulders away. These are what are called candles with m e t a lli c w i c k s. At first, oxide of hiseriuth was applied to the wicks; but this is not necessary, neither is it any longer used. A great improvement has been made in tallow and oils within a short period; indeed, until very lately, very little attenti on was paid by chemists to this sub ject. It was not thonght that they could decompose these sub stances into their proximate elements. A little attention has, however, proved that they are easily divisible into two cult' stances—the one fluid, called elaine, and the other solid, called stearine. The stearine of cocoa-nut oil has been accordingly used in making candles, which' are littl e i n f er i or to wax. spring which we find employed to keep the candle aton unif orm height in the improved candlestick is by no means a new . inven tion, as it has been applied to carriage lamps fora long per i od. After the last lecture upon instantaneous lights, institution Hem ming said he had been presented by with a bundle of josticks, which were al u n s e e in d be ' i n matches. Accompanying the present of c t h r ua ins es i slow a l description of the n j g cs b i r s l t o h re e in overt room in China, g a o r ( t i i , c a le ud is th a e p j p e li t e k d k b i y s a t w h c a e a s C m h i l l i e ne b s u e r . ( n h e i s n t e n se w w h e ic r h d t f h or is the image of their god, which is ke pt and in every vessel, from the largest war s t un w k a t t o er the l s t m i a s l f le re st boat. To last the longer, it is dipped o it r is to the Chinese we are indebted These josticks are burning near of our . houses. It used to be the fluently perfumed; indee e d r . s for the idea of our pantiles. what is called the scrap Canton at to practiceover_ turn happen to meet with, turn the josticks theywhich caused of our young European res idents The josti c k was also used for n 0 sm all f lighting cigars. the of lim e . thep u h r u p b o b se ub n atives . o among We have now only two o ther cases of artificial light. Th e d is cau se d b y b urn i ng fli t o n u s t r r b e e u a t u o t f i f a u a l y o_f h a y l d l , r a o g n d e u t h g e a m s t o , p s t o s u p l u e np pees This light is commonly called the Drummond light, but erroneonsly as it was not invented by him. It is most extensively employed in microscopes, instead of the solar light. Professor Daniel's sa f e ty tube is the one most commonly employed, in which the two gasses meet near the orifice. Mr. Hemming bad invented a safety tube by which tbe two gasses might be used in a mixed state without danger, but a strong prejudice existed aginst it. Mr. Hemming then exhibited the light produced by these gasses when burning on lime, which afforded general satisfac tion. Mr. Beak's tar lamp is a very useful invention's it con sists of an argand receiver to hold time tar. In order to ignite the tar, which requires no wick, we must introduce some sub stance which will take fire at a low temperature, such as tur pentine, and set fume to it. This will ignite the tar, which will burn with a very dull red flame; when it is pretty well ignited, a double cone is placed over it, which supplies th e l am p . with continual successi on o f heated air. A corrent of air is then forced through the middle of the flame, up a small tube the I-10th or the 1-13th of an inch in diameter. Under ordinary circum stances, the excess of carbon contained in the tar is - evolved; hut, if we blow through the centre of this ignited tar, a portion of the carbon which would otherwise escapo as free carbon will enter into combination with the oxygen and form a very beauti ful white light. These lamps can only be used where there is a moving power on the premises; nevertheless, Mr. Hem ming hsd seen, in London, a shop lighted up with an apparatus of the kind. To supply the rersnisite blast, the shopkeeper had inverted one butt within another coutainine. waters the air contained in which supplied two of these lamps for. twenty minutes. There is a slight noise made by the blast in f pa t s a s r i i n e l through the flame. Hoc ever, for lighthouses or h ma t n e u se ac_ amps there is nothing which bears a comparison _Tit h a..nn l , and for economy or beauty, for the tar i s sold at 6d. p rw g i l " give when the tar is dilly burned one of these per hour. as calculation, whilst it only.costs ; Id. _ Hemming much light as 4I argand burners, according to Faraday's In the lecture Or to-morrow evening, Mr. . treat ripen the .neture and show its chemical compositiou, its impurities, and the mecha proper.ties. of water, in which he will nical and che•iical reed° of detecting and separating these impurities MISCELLANEOUS. • The weif:ht of the National Debt in.4roldarnoutits to 4,089,4 lbs or 6,2 , 39 lons 9 cwts. 3 qrs. 13lbs. • A Dusin A nix IlF.st DriNCE.—We find in I Ile newspapers that a person has advertised a huuse to let within 15(h1 cards of Ha: Gate. A divorce of the Queen of Portugal is talked cal; and a friperi is renewed as to a new pretension to the hand of - -Donna Maria for the Duke of Nemours. ' GREEK CONSUL AT LtvEttroot..—The King has been gra4 ciously pleased to approve or Mr..l. M. J. Tilby - as Consul at Liverpool for his Majesty the King of Greece: • ZOOLOGICAL. GARDENS AT M A NCHEStEß. — Arrangements are in a state of forwardness for the establishineut of Zoological Gardens at Manchester. The Honourable Mr. Lamb, only send Viscount 4 4elhonrnO expired at an early hour ou Sunday last, at the residence of hii lordship, fn South-street. Mr. Lamb had been seriously indis posed during the last few days. MODERN PERIODICALS.—A bookseller in Paris was lately' asked for a copy of the Constitution of 1812; " 1 chi not deal in periodicals," said the-Bibliopolist. • ••• •• Flogging in the Danish army has been abolished by a royal order dated the 17th ult., and imprisonment with bread and water substituted for it. Mr. Hutt, M.P., has received a commun'cation from Mr. Jo D. Hume,, Secretary. of the Board of Trade, that the Govern went have . tnade representations to the Danish Government against those impositions called Sound Dues.—Hall paper. OLDHAM COTTON SeilvNEas.-There is now a general turn .out of the cotton-spinneis at Oldham; and all the mills of asso ciated masters are standing. It is a dispute about wages being under the list. EARL RISING.—Dean Swift says that "he never knew any man rise to eminence who lay in bed of a morning;" and Dr. Franklin, in his peculiar manner, says that "he who rises late may trot all day, but never overtake his business." The Atherieans are about fitting out an expedition on a splen did scale to examine.aonoraghlydlte Pacific Ocean, and to ex plore the unknown_ regions of the Antarctic. Congress bar already voted a grant equal to £60,000 sterling towards thu outfit. SINGULAR nECOVEiiY OF SIGHT.—Mrs. Wade; wife of Mr. T. Wade, farmer, of Whepstead, now in her 85th year, after being blind upwards of twenty-eight years, has had her sight restored within the last few weeks, without the attendance of a surgeon, or taking any medicine whatever.—Bury Post. A young lady of .Bath, who sent the beautiful little picture, "The Gipsies of Valenci," to the Manchester Exhibition, to which she attached forty guineas as the twice, had that. sum re mitted to her on Saturday. The lady is scarcely 20 years of age, and has but lately devoted herself to the study of oil paha ing.—Bath Herald. - 3,a MA rca.—An old hard-going veteran, who had been tanned and roasted to a cinder, on being asked for his opinion of the county, replied. like a true Salamander, ‘• 0 ! 'tis ; the finest • place in the world, because ono is always thirsty, and there is always plenty to drink." . Lord Melbourne's deceased son . and only child, the, Hon George Augesttis,Fredeliek Lamb, iva in hi:4'3oth year, having been born on the 11th August, 1807. This amiable young man has long laboured under infirmity which renders his demise ca happy release. Sir Fidderick Lamb, Lord Melbourne'S next brother, is now presumptive heir to the title. ECLIPSES.—There will be five eclipses in the ensuing year, two visible and three invisible - , The visible vines are both of the moon; the first will take placetm Thursday, the 20th of April, at .17,minutes past five o'cloek in the afternoon; and the second. on. Friday, the 13th of October, at 32 : minutes past eight in the evening. POLYGAMY.—A schoolmaster ire the State of Ohio, America, has been indicted for a breach of the law, by haying twelve wives ! If there be such a thing as a crime carrying its own punishment with it, we should think this wculd be one of that character. THE STYLE MUNICIPAL.—The following specimen of the "schoolmaster ahoad" is from a gentleman• who has the honour of tieing a town-councillor of Exeter :—"Sir,—A ineeting of. the Feot7•ees of —, will be held at the round tree on :thorsday next, 17t lust at 6 o'clock in the After/icon on p:3 - teckluer ilat,nese.—Exeter, Nov. lot, 1836." VOCALISTS.—A fatality appears to attend the matrimonial al, liances of the female vocal corps, both native and foreign. Let- . tors from Paris state that Madame Grisi and " the gentleman of moderate fortune," to whom she was married last spring, have separated by mutual consent. It is also added, though we hope the report may prove unfounded. that since her recent accouche ment, she has lost her voice. SPORTING EXTRAORDINARY.—On Momlay week a gentle man of Stockport was permitted to enjoy the pleasure of a day's . shooting, in a plantation near to Captain White's.preserves, in the neighbourhood of Hayfield. After wasting much powder and shot, for he had fire! upwards of Ort - y times, he retfirnett home having bagged three rabbits and his favourite pointer! ! —Manchester Cons ier. Arincoort.—OßlGlNAL.—An officer of the navy being in company with an assembly of greenhorns, in the country, was showing his importance by blustering and spinning tough yarns, Speaking of the swiftness with which he had sailed upon the seas, ho declared that he had passed so rapidly through the waves as to tear off the ship's copper. A young sailor who had been standing by incognito, upon bearing the speech, suddenly remarked,—" Oh, that's not Worth speaking of,-1 have fre quently sailed so fast that we were obliged to heave to, to cool the ship's rudder irons." EXTRAORDINARY DtscotßßY.—On Saturday last, as a poor aged woman was wading through the mud on the banks of the Thames, on the east-side of Waterloo bridge, in search of coal,. she turned up a tin box, which she broke open, when out fell e bag, which contained £5O in gold and £3 in silver. At the bottom of the box were deposited three £5 and two £l5O Bank of England notes. There were also _two_diareond rings, one gold - watch, and several bars of silver. • • RocunAus OPERATIVE CONSERVATIVES.--The Operative Conservatives are making preparations for a aublie dinner to be about Christmas. Mr. Charles Wilkins has promised to be in attendance: Upwards of 800 tickets - have already been spoken for. A co-operative Conservative Association has lately been established at Small Bridge, two miles from Rochdale; a dinner will take place at Christmas. Tickets are 2s...'each. Conservatism seems to be increasing in the neighbourhood of Rochdale. TUE HIRELING Panss.— Not bills' does "secret service" money flow to whiy-radical newspapers, but it finds its way through. the most unsuspected channels to poison the public mind. Who could have imagined that the following paltry puff would have been found in Moore's Almanack for 1937? it is in the astrolo gical predictions for the summer quarter :—"The New 'Poor "Law Act appears to work well, and will in the end, if duly "administered, be of great benefit to the farmer, as well as to "the poor, both in a moral as well as in a physical point of "view."—Bolton Chronicle. PUBLIC MEETING AT BOLTON.—A public meeting, consist ing of the different trades of this town, was held in the Theatre, on Thursday evening, for the purpose of considering the pro priety of aiding the spinners and piecers of Preston, who are at present out of employment. Several persons of different trades addressed the meeting; and it was finally resolved, that sub scriptions be entered into, and that persons of •all parties who possessed the means should be solicited to ..subscribe towards otopporting the Preston Spinners, in their, present struggle.— Bolton Chronicle. The village of Saulzoir, near Valenciennes, Was laSt vseek thrown into a state of great commotion, from a - report that a man's hand dyed in blood had been seen in a field adjoining, and conseqiienfir it was inferred that a murder had been coin-. milted, and a bi;dy dismembered. Inquiry was made, and the spot pointed out. It was approached with a degree of horror, which, however, was converted almost into the ridiculous, when it was discoveied to be no more than a lusui riaturce—a beet root, which bore the complete form of a human hand, and its owe natural colour gave the idea of its being bloody. THE NEW AI4RRIAGU ACT.—We believe that few tick of the present ministry have given more general disgust than their registry for births and mai fiages, a centralisa tion plan which they introduced to gratify the Dissenters, at the expense .and to the mortification of the Church of England. . The execution of this plan will cost the country at least. £150,000 a-year, which is about double the amount paid by the dissenters to the church-rate. With what fair ness,- therefore, let us ask , cart these persons obje c t t o th eir small portion of this rate when, to gratify them, a law has been. passed which inflicts double the stint upon the kingdom generally ? —Bell's Weekly Messenger. AR/MST OP AN INDIAN Pri trszetz.--Ills ighness'..sluwab Jalat loud Dnwlah, uncle to the King of Lucknow, has been arrested and made a prisoner in the great gaol of Calcutta for debt. This event took place on Friday. Ms highness,,sia . N yesterday 're-' leased under the orders or .the Right•HonOurable the Governor General in Council. The arrest of a native prince of His 11 ighness's rank for debt must become a Aubject of inquiry to ascertain why. a man of Nuwah jalallood Dowlah's rank, and . one who is no near a relation to the King of Dude, should he. placed in circumstances such as to bring on the dt radation he has suffered from his late imprisonment in a gaol. That the Government have interfered and obtained his release we know, but noon what principle we are yet to learn.—Calcutta paper, July 8. WHIG Rev. Dr. Willis. of : Limerick, having proposed to resign .the charge of the. Diocesan School, which he has superintended for many years, in favour of his son, the Rev. Thomas Willis, and sought the approbation of the Lord Lieutenant for such transfer of its duties, an official corn municatinn was received from Dublinlast week intimating that Lord Mulgrave could not think of extending his sanction to the proposed change; because the-Rev. Thomas Willis - is supposed. to he in connexion with the Orange Society, having it appears preached in our cathedral an appropriate sermon on the anni versary of the Gunpowder Plot, the sth of November last— which ceremonial is part of the' service of Ihe Church of Pinng land, and duly obseived by her ministers for Mora than two (Ten turies! This is a creditable instance of . whip liberality and toleration !—Limerick Chronicle. . , • FACT ABOUT IRC.I.AND:—I. Incieaied demand It; Citurch roam.—By a return lately made by the Ecclesiastical Commis sioners for I relandit appears. let, that there are sixty place., in which public warship is celebrated in unctnisecrated buildings, jot ; want of churches; that there are 120 churches knew" to the coin . thilsionets as standing in'uryent need of milargement , - 11 . Since the Union, in 1801, no less than. 700 new churches have been built in Ireland:—ll l.--Increase I.j . f'rotestaittlitn.-10 the year 1792 the number of ,Protestants in Ireland was: (according to Wakefield) 522,0 9 3, of Roman Cat holies , 3;21E097. In 1835 the numbers are returned, _Rowan •Cohtilicst3,427,il2, Prat es . tants 1,516,228, the latter being known to be considerably below the truth. Thus, while the Homan isrs hay° doubled since 1792, the Protestants have beCome at least throe times as numerous. IV. The, follow Mg' Nt Nu priests have lately renounced the errors of the Romish.church : —.Mr. Nolan, Mr. C,roly, Michael and William Crotty . , Mr. Delany, Mr. Godkin of Armagh, Mr. Burke of,Weitpoit, Mr. Tankard, Mr. Mal Valli) , —C u m 6 l , t • 1 t ge Chronicle. , : , . • , . . ' g ood deal , vestigatedti,l ;, ELoPERfiNT.FROM CHIELTENIIA2.-I.—An elopement w hich haenitdeicthoantrueor;tatNiVoleid,titmesotinagy oarl 1.,,,, . _ took 1451 UY.( . I( eta a e• circles , qcd deal ~ f place d i s e f from e C ti for the 'last three days, and is likely to o c c as ion . ''"''''''''ic more before the affair is fully in pears that the young lady .(Miss iv _ --''. stli , ' It ap pears with' her family was (11 • --- ,, ,, f Worces _rshire,) ' a yi'''t to I" '. sent at the Assemblv-room ball • —m,enharA, .., jug pre introduced to Mr. B** -* * ,on Monday eyentiig, ;::as tutre at first sight with her char an Irish barrister, who, captivated of his time in winning her aff'ection's, appears to have made good use to the hour of introcb;'(t• affection's, since it is said, that down each other. But, i)P -ion the parties were perfect strangers to this as it may, they arranged and utanag,ed their affairs so w e ll o'clock, and durin g as, on Wednesday Morning, about nine to secure the absence of the voting lady's mother. to met,er. and occ . ii py the earriage prepared to convey Mr. A., and family to.th .eir . home, and in ittoset off at full speed on the of road to tlon. As soon as th is mancouvre was detected, Mr. A. set off in pursuit, but hitherto no clue has been d7rcovvred as to the destination of the fugitives. 'l' 'l' . he young lady is ac id to pos sess Considerable personal attractions ; • • 1 ., well as large ~, r operty. — Cheltenham Looker-on, Sf_ .- 1