The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-07-31 00:00:00

SUPPLEMENT TO TICE LIVERPOOL STANDARD 56 matter some consideration, I think I may offer the following directions to those who have not had any experience in this preparation. For drilling five acres of turnips or Swedes, procure 20 bushels of half inch bones, crushed in a dry state; this quantity will usually weigh about 800 lbs. ; get 200 lbs. of the ordinary sulphuric acid of the manufacturer, which would generally be of the specific gravity 1,810.* Add to this acid an equal weight of water, stir it in an earthen or wooden vessel, pour this very gently over the bones, as equally distributed as may be, delivering it close over the bones, as any splashing will destroy clothes, and may damage the operator. When the mixture has laid about two days, take it out and turn it into a conical heap, and cover it with turf ashes, or such as are commonly prepared on the farm for drilling, in which state it might be left for three or four weeks, to break down more effectually any portion's of the bone which have not been sufficiently done before. Uncover the heap, and add to the ashes first used as many as will make up the quantity the party usually uses in drilling, whether 20, 30 or more bushels per acre, and then mix those and the bone paste very thoroughly together. Form the mixture again into a heap, and cover it with earth, to remain till within a few days of its being required for drilling, .when the heap should be again turned over, and every portion of the bone paste then found should be broken down with the spade or fork, in order that the whole should be completely mixed with the ashes. The acid and bones may be mixed in various ways, but as this is an article required every season, I consider the most efficient or economical, because permanent, receptacle is a brick tank formed thus—dig out the earth in some convenient spot near the homestead, and bottom it and line it with brick (one brick laid fiat is sufficient) set in coal ash lime mortar, and pointed in the inside, with good fresh Portland cement. For mixing five quarters of bones with the acid at a time, I have found a tank 6 feet long, 3 feet wide, 30 inches deep, a convenient size. None need exceed this size, for the same mixture may be repeated every two days, until any quantity required is pre pared.—C. Lawrence, Cirencester, Agricultural Gazette. DAIRY FARMING.—We gave, a few weeks since, some in teresting particulars on the subject of the treatment and yield of cows. In reference to this subject, Harold Littledale, Esq., of Liscard-hall, near Egremont, writes as follows, under date of the 9th instant :—I had churned on Saturday from a lot of cows, about three months calved, and all of the large York shire breed, fed on Italian rye-grass, 42 gallons of milk, pro duce 19.1 lbs. butter ; to-day, 521 gallons of milk, produce 23 lbs. butter. The produce of butter varies with the breed of cows : in a general way, we have found from the large York shire cow it takes three gallons for a pound of butter ; Ayr shire less ; and an Alderney still less. At one time I took a great interest in trying experiments upon different cows, and the quantity of butter they would produce; and the most ex traordinary yield, which I have never seen equalled since, was from a cow the cross of an Alderney and a short-horn. After having calved above two months, she gave so rich a milk, that in the lactometer the cream did not separate from the milk, and we had a pound of butter from rather less than a gallon of milk ; and, although a small, poor-looking thing, we had fourteen pounds of butter a week from her. We also had a large Yorkshire cow, a great milker, which, after having calved upwards of three months, gave us 191 lbs. of butter in the week. In the lactometer the average of cream for that description of cow was eight, this one's was eighteen. A cow gives much more butter when she has calved about three or four months, and the quantity of milk is diminished; also, a great deal will depend upon the quality of food. We churn by steam, and last summer we tried the shortest possible time we could do • it in. It was a hot day, and we accomplished it in five minutes and a half, the engine making 300 revolutions per minute, and the quantity eighty gallons of milk. We have alsto found out, in this very hot weather, that it pays us well to put American ice into the milk, before churning, to reduce the temperature, to get out more butter :—the result of the same quantity of milk without ice, 15 lbs. of butter ; with ice, 201bs. woodcuts completely from tracings made from the copy of the book in the British Museum. Re has also printed his edition on paper made expressly in imitation of that used by Caxton, and has bound it in antique style, with appropriate ornamen tal tooling. The result of all this care and imitative skill is a handsome volume, in small folio, published at the price of two guineas.—Athemeton. THE .DARVEL CALCULATING GaL.—The Ayr Advertiser has an account of a recent public examination at Beith of the girl whose wonderful powers of calculation have attracted so much notice. The gentleman in charge of the child allowed any one present to propose questions to her. Among the queries thus submitted were—How many times does a clock strike in the month of June ? 4,680 was the prompt reply.— In the year 1855 ? 56,940. In a lifetime of 75 years?- 4,270,500. She was now asked the value of 313 yards of linen at 2s. 94d. per yard, and in 35 seconds she gave the answer, £44 Os. 3d. Being requested to show the modes operandi, she began aloud with 313 times a makes 939, the 4's in 939, 534 times and a over, and so of all the other denominations. She was now asked to cube 795 and give toe quotient of that product divided by 19. The product, 60'2.459,875, and the quotient, 26,445,250 11-19 were both correctly given. In the performance of this last heavy que%tion her teacher begged to be allowed to give her the square upon the board to assist her memory. She did not avail herself of it. INTERESTING ASTRONOMICAL FACT.—Two persons were born at one place, at the same moment of time. After an age of 50 years, they both died, also, at the same spot, and at the same instant, yet one had lived 100 days more than the other. How was this possible ? The solution turns on a curious, but, with a very little reflection, a very obvious point ',Mcircumna vigation. A person going round the world towards the west loses a day, and towards the east gains one. Supposing, then, two born together at the Cape of Good Hope, whence a voyage round the world may be performed in a year; if oae perform this constantly towards the west, in fifty years he will be 50 days behind the stationary inhabitants ; and if the other sail towards the east, he will be fifty days in advance of them. One, therefore, will have been 100 days more than the other, though they were born and died in the same place, at the same moment, and even lived continually in the same latitudes, and reckoned by the same calendar. EARLY CLOCKS.—These were said to have been found in England by Julius Caesar, 55 B.c. but the chief in.prove ment in them was made by Fromantiel, a Dutchman, who issued the following advertisement (1658) in the Common wealth Mercury :—" There is lately a way found out for making clocks that go exact, and keep equaller time than any now made without this Regulater,. (examined and proved before his Highness the Lord Protector, by such Doctors whose knowledge and learning is without exception), and are not subject to alter by change of weather, as others are, and may be made to go a week, or a month, or a year, with once winding up, as well as those That are wound up every day, mid keep time as well; and is very excellent for all House clocks, that go either with springs or weights ; and also steeple clocks, that are most subject to differ by change of weather. Made by Ahasueras Fromantiel, who made the first that were in ENGLAND. You may have them at his house on the Bank-side, in Mosses-alley, Southwark ; and at the sign of the Maremaid, in Lothbury, near Bartholomew lane end, London." DEPARTMENT OP SCIENCE AND ART.—The report of the department of science and art, from the pen of Dr. Lyon Play fair, has just been published in the form of a blue book, with nu merous and lengthy appendices. It is dated the Ist oiJan. last. Dr. Lyon Mayfair sums up his report by observing generally, that the department has made a marked advance in extending instruction in art to elementary schools, 10,500 children having received such instruction through it agency. In concert with the Committee of Council on Education, it has enabled 1,044 teachers of public schools to learn drawing at the local schools of art, with a view of introducing it into their own schools, and 1,270 masters it various training colleges throughout the kingdom, have been examined for certificates in elementary drawing. Mans of illustrating the course of instruction have been widely spread, and, in addition to the usual trade supply, 294 schools lave obtained examples through the department, at an average cost of six guineas for each school. The local schools throughout the provinces have been attended by nearly 20,000 persons, chiefly artisans. The museums of the depart ment hava been visited by above 204,000 persons, and the Art Library of Marlborough-house by nearly 8,000. The exhibition of studeits' prize drawings in the provinces has been inspected by above 66,000 persons, and the Botanical and Zoological Gardeti in Dublin have had above 135,000 visitors. The Cen tral Schools in London continue to be made as useful as pos sible the schools throughout the kingdom, and have been the neans of providing well-trained masters for the provincial schools. The public services connected with the department coninue in an active state. In regard to the-firiancial expen dittre of the department, it is asserted that every effort for economy has been made, and, of the aggregate sum of £79,846 voted last year, it is expected that more than £17,000 will be maid into the Exchequer at the close of the financial year. TRIPLE•RISING PHENOMENON OF DROWNING PERSONS. — the reason, we apprehend, is this—the specific gravity of man is rather less, bulk for bulk, than that of water, in consequence of the air contained in the lungs, so that, when a person falls or plunges into the water, there is a struggle between the momemtum acquired by his descent, and the difference of specific gravity between himself and the medium in which he is immersed. A series of oscillations ensues in consequence. He rises and falls ; but in about the time sufficient for three such oscillations, a sufficient quantity of air is displaced from the hugs to render his specific gravity greater than that of JULY 31'1/ ~; water, and, as a matter of course, he rises no 11 1 9' _,i n e. not always the case: a man may be loaded, or othe7A, oil recollect a case in point. A carpenter was at vr.dAl do; bows of a ship, and fell overboard. He went stra, , ost,' and never rose again. The vessel from which he fo p o r, time becalmetlin the Atlantic, and the dazzling rays g A di a .„ere sun illumined his red nightcap as he sunk lower, Tpr i o without a struggle, until by degrees it diminished, It ho' speck—and then the aching eye could see no 1 11 °'„ 1 10,0t singular thing, but not more singular than true, til i a,7o c,` ..t ot never, perhaps, before been thought of, that all eaw.,er ,`7OO to be when in the dark. The geranium can no lod! at ykt the scarlet richness of its flowers—the cheek of I),t longer tinted with the rose—when once in darisil:O w t , - ot that we cannot see these tints and colours, but at ter really do not exist ; for colour is not a property OfT s t3 ll ` the effect of luminous rays , upon its surface or 0 1 1 e1 1 :, it may chance to be opaque or transparent ; it 91 ) cause is absent, the effect cannot take place. ic e," perhaps, be more correct to state the fact in th is all colours become black in the dark ; for black i 5 tally the negation of colour, and nothing Journal. - FASHIONS. ioe.o . 01P TILE silk dresses recently prepared are very O r ' e trio, though they chiefly differ only in the style 0 ' t he, Amongst the greatest novelties, as far as regards olst the may be mentioned a dress of violet-coloured , fro ° 0 0e , has the corsage high, and fastened behind. 11 „"f the o tt corsage is trimmed with ruches of gauze ribbon e ab° rhr colour as the dress, disposed in horizontal rows , 0 , 11 ,4tb vde of other. The skirt is trimmed with flounces edg ed al of gauze ribbon. A much admired dress has uipe s t i l i ° silk, of a pattern ,consisting of broad stripes d f ai l;er gre, figured with very narrow stripes or lines of 3 ig o:td v ilef i , the same hue, and these stripes alternated with de o pe,'' of a sea-green moire. This dress is intended f°rs ud f „lee' and is made with the corsage half high belmi l o o f front. The corsage has revers bordered by le stP l ijoct e ra green velvet ribbon, and edged by very narrow t oi` • I tlO ° 4 4 e and grey silk intermingled ; at the point in f 0,11,1)00 ~ ore the revers terminate under a bow of green Ilf•A i ttills ends flowing over the skirt. The sleeves are ° To l'fritir e i elbow, and at the lower part are trimmed with sa d namented, like the revers, with bows of vel vet by a, o ft t the lower frill is looped up in front of the drr a „,,,ose a Ati; ribbons without ends. The under sleeves are edleali7to bouillonnes of tulle, and a frill of lace. The % t 0 , / 0" formed of horizontal rows of the same lace, "4ift° s narrower width. There is no trimming 01 the O r l i( dress. The number of dresses made with increase. They are now beginning °light material dresses when made of barege and Otrhedresses of this high corsages generally preferred f . tfront of sthe l full ; the fullness being drawn to a point in _, ar e They are fastened behind, and, in lieu of a basqd.e_ r reA:, higilv co o. r d s o a p g t e ed s t,,i,i i n th es tt i fi sl o ie u d ric a e t s t o b i e , twhaeisstkbiay oT,llt,hv,e;himchayshboeurlslroicji;pltb%gref a narrov band, which is covered by dceinture o o' Olt in front in long flowing ends. The sleeves of t,h,e, ~V dresses are, for the most part, trimmed with frip' e gs above ancther, each looped up by a bow of ribbe d : c ry e f O l e Many of the new caps, though plain, are ' They are trimmed with flowers and ribboll• 0 10 1 00 prettiest we have seen consists of a fauchon of I ? )t spio point at the back rounded, and the other two nog, 0 1 3 t , so as to form small lappets at the ears. This call inch r r with loops °f light blue sarsanet ribbon about black h half wide, intermingled with loops of narrow to y h i vO y Among the caps intended for evening cokulda, tioned several composed of tulle arid blonde, ad t :` ` toi a )r ett T ribbon and flowers. .A cap of worked muslin , , g ve ry I " o of l ti ,e worn as in-door neglig6 or morning costume , l ie o r e trimmed with cerise-colour gauze ribbon. L it ,„ plsc e toO rt x .l tion, as far as regards style, has recently tak e '. c ° 'rere head-dresses of ribbon and flowers worn is even ai tiv p rt fr o A fashionable Parisian dressmaker has rece t ° o, ol )ll ,, a s several evening dresses for a lady who is about ot rot t 'oc i i +l , Paris to spend"some time at her chateau in the c sel l l , 3 th ot 3 ) of these dresses consists of white Chambers' ga g 9 1 1et1,1- A o a, ~, terial, which we have noticed on a former occo ,, 4 of t ye atl. -11 , more firm and lustrous, is as transparent as g, el jraill , " kind. The dress is made with two skirts, filus„,.,' j e et,`,„o,se, torn simply by a hem. The upper skirt is orun f ei'cleci _I side of the front with three wreaths of ivy from the hem to the waist. These wreaths gll te o'o9'ol l in size as they ascend. The leaves, which 5 t of e t v crape, are fastened to the dresS by a small tvv",, e r ove l l, e te round the edge and upon the veins. To thcia,1 00 4 0,, ,,, , rd'0l wreath is attached a bow of ribbon with ends il ie llesy tr ial o a he lower skirt. The corsage is trimmed with br e e . dr e r e t ter ted with small wreathes of ivy-leaves. The sleeeops,. „ e t with bows and flowing endS of ribbon. The i c ,l)o 4 lot worn with this dress is formed of small 5Pr 33 :',051 " t ile r . mingled with berberries and sweet-briar bi° s l ",t, at of the same will be placed in front of the where the bret el les meet. —Lady' s Newspall- LIVERPOOL : kreLlt'3l 41•1o.6 Printed aria Published every TUESDAY ,9{3 , " Proprietor, ROBERT PEARSON THA,,,vitAs Percy-street, at the STANDARD GEN P ,Ifr OFFICE, No. 4, Sr. Gsoaea's Car4so,D. Tuesday, July 31, 1355. SCIENCE AND ART. Mu. Jour( B. GREEN E, son of an American banker, has suc ceeded, notwithstanding the difficulties attendant on clearing away the palace of Medinet Habora, in discovering the cele brated Egyptian calendar of which Champollion could only copy the first lines. A cast of this monument was taken on the spot by means of a particular kind of composition. Dif ferent colossal figures, the upper parts of which were only visible, have been now cleared away, and brought to light ; one of them in excellent preservation shows the features of Rameses 111., and is about sixty feet high. The excavations of Mr. Greene, which have just completely made known one of the most important edifices of Pharaonic Egypt, will, by the nu merous inscriptions which they furnish, throw fresh light on different points of Egyptian philology. THE GAME AND PLAICE OF THE CHESSE.—Mr. Vincent Figgins, well known as a typefounder, has done a very grace ful and well-meant thing for the benefit of the Printers' Alm houses, at Tottenham. He has reproduced, in black letter, cast by himself, and imitated from Caxton's type, our first printer's treatise on " The Game and Playe of the Chesse." Of this work, it is known that Caxton printed two editions — one with the date 1474, and the other without a date, but orna mented with various quaint and rude, but forcible illustrative woodcuts—the general character of which was imitated in Dib din's imperfect facsimiles. Mr. Figgins has engraved all the * If it be desired to use this manure in a more concentratel state, so that the whole of the bone may be available for the rot crop, one part of acid to two parts of bone, by weight, should be employed.