The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1855-09-04 00:00:00

STIPPL perusal of these memoirs, in which the artless ness and generosity of the man form such con spicuous and pleasing features. A Campaign with the Turks in Asia. By Charles Duncan. London : Smith, Elder, & Co. These two volumes of interesting sketches, as well as some others of considerable note, owe their existence to the spirit of enterprise which has actuated.the leading morning journals since the outbreak of hostilities with Russia, and they add materially to our information relative to men and matters in the territories of our Turkish allies. The author of these two tomes was cor tespondent for one of the London journals— which of them we are not informed—and in pur suit of that revocation he made a tour of the Asiatic border of the Black Sea, directing much of his attention to, and spending a considerable portion of his time at and in the neighbourhood of, Kars—a place, which as the theatre of one set of Russian operation is becoming daily of greater and greater interest. The volumes to which we now make reference do not pretend to having been executed on any definite literary plan, but consist chiefly of well-selected sketches, which display in suggestive lines the appearances and capabilities of the country—its resources in men and material—and also the moral and physical condition of its inhabitants. The writer, with a fine eye to the picturesque and a lively perception of 'the ludicrous, possesses also habits of keen observation. Of the Turkish soldiers and peasantry Mr. Duncan speaks in terms of high approbation : he represents them as honest, patient, and courage ous ; simple and amiable in their habits ; frugal of their means ; well made and robust in person ; long-lived find healthy, and strangers alike to poverty and to crime. These virtues, however, he in a great degree limits to the lower ranks, his judgments weighing heavily against the higher officers of the public service, civil as well as mili tary. Of the Anatolian army he speaks in terms of high commendation, and of it gives such accounts as must lead to a speedy dissolution of any apprehension as to the issue of an Asiatic campaign if this army were properly officered. Concerning Zarif Pacha, the present commander in-chief, Mr. Duncan has collected much informa tion, which cannot fail to be peculiarly interesting at the present moment, when it is borne in mind that upon his decision it will in a great degree depend whether an Anglo-French army shall or shall not be sent into Armenia. It is understood that, as an administrator of civil Government, 'Zarif Pacha has proved useful and, on the whole, valuable ; his rule in Erzeroum was admittedly beneficial in a high degree ; of his capabilities as a military commander few opportunities have as yet been supplied to guide us in forming a judg ment ; his present position however gives interest to the following. MEMOIR OF ZARIF PACHA. Where Zarif Pacha first saw the light of day, history has omitted to record. He passed in early youth through that imperial road to success in Turkey—the slave market. Rizza Pacha, the present seraskier, became his master, and in the harem of that dignitary the future muchir de veloped those intellectual and moral faculties that shone forth subsequently in so pleasing a manner. The first bloom of youth had passed over the cheeks of the little Zarif when he made his second step in the world by ap pearing as chiboulciee, or pipe-bearer, in the train of his master. As the youthful Zarif increased in size and years, the desire of his owner that the state should profit by the services of his protege, resulted in the gift.of a civil ap pointment to Zarif Effendi, whose political and social ca reer thus commenced. In similar cases it, however, generally occurs, that the faithful chiboukgee, or aspiring barber, is rewarded with a captaincy or majority in the army, where, in good time, he obtains, either by intrigue or purchase, the rank of Pacha. He then purchases in turn little slaves, who may be considered as incipient generals and statesmen. It will not be a matter of much MENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STM surprise, perhaps, when this system of promotion is taken into consideration, that in Asia, as before Balaklava r officers of the Turkish army should have given the first example of flight to their unfortunate troops. Zarif Effendi prospered in the world, and speedily became Zarif Bey. Irk due time, thanks to the protection of his former master, he obtained an elevated position in the civil administration of the army, when, however, a sudden mishap shattered his prospects for a time. Some accounts, relative to the clothing supplied to the army, having attracted attention, were closely examined, when it was discovered that, by a dexterous financial operation, Zarif Bey had credited himself with 15,000 purses, or C 5,000, that should have figured to his debit. This unfortunate circumstance re sulted in the degradation of Zarif Bey from the post he occupied, and in his banishment. He was also ordered to refund the above-mentioned amount, and he actually did repay to government a small portion of that sum. The latter act of disinterested generosity was a theme on which the personal adherents of Zarif Pacha never ceased to de claim with admiration. The watchful eye of Rizza Pacha did not cease to protect the humbled Zarif, who, ere many months had elapsed, returned from his semi -banishment, and re-entered the service of his country. Years passed by, and after having governed many smaller provinces of the empire, the Pachalick of Erzeroum was conferred on Zarif, now created Pacha. As governor of that important province, Zarif Pasha remained until the year of grace 1854 2 when his former master, Rizza Pacha, succeeded to Mehemet Ali Pacha, as seraskier. Zarif was then ap pointed, by that discriminating official, muchir, or field marshal of the army of Anatoly. I may mention that the new commander had not the slightest acquaintance with military matters, and could not have manoeuvred a corpo ral's ten men, and, therefore, much less a powerful army. In Turkey, that consideration, however, was of slight im portance. Had it pleased Rizza Pacha to appoint his protege finance minister, ambassador to London, or com mander of the fleet, Zarif Pacha would not have hesitated one moment in undertaking the duties demanded of him. The new muchir speedily assumed his new func tions, and joined the army of Kars. How far the military and civil training of Zarif Pacha may engender hope for the participators in the Asiatic campaign, it is no part of Our province to decide ; but we can scarcely avoid thinking that his antecedents are not very promising. At the commencement of our observations we remarked that Mr. Duncan possesses a lively and artistic eye, which he freely indulges, frequently conferring on his readers the benefits he has him self experienced from the use of it. Most of these sketches are graphic and clever, highly suggestive of the state of manners and of the social condition of the people among whom he sojourned, and as such greatly interesting to the general reader. The volumes will well repay the time spent in a careful perusal of them. Outlines of Military Surgery. By Sir George Ballingall, M.D. Fifth Edition. Illustrated with Woodcuts. Edinburgh : A. and C. Black. The issue of a fifth edition of the valuable work on military surgery,' which, although modestly denominated !‘ Outlines" by its able and highly cultivated author, is at the present moment a great boon to the military world. The work has now been so long and so favourably known as to require no commendation ; but it cannot be out of place to direct attention to the new features presented by the fifth edition. The book has been greatly enlarged, by the addition of intro ductory chapters, founded on the medical and surgical experience recently acquired in the cam paigns of the Crimea. These contain interesting information relative to the selection of recruits— to their diet, clothing, and exercise ; to the pecu liarities of camp and garrison diseases ; important suggestions as to the transport of sick and wounded ; and the condition of those in fleets and hospitals, and in hospital-ships. The great practical experience of Sir George Ballingall as a distinguished miltary surgeon, combined with his success as a teacher of military surgery during the protracted period which he has occupied the chair as Professor of that depa r t men t o f me di ca l science in the University of Edinburgh, together with his world-wide reputation in that branch of , ARD. 1 1 LSEPTBMBEB surgical art, confer on this work b oo r„ and value rarely pertaining to a modest pretensions. The Life of John Bradford, Lond°ll. and Co. There is always an inter est attee- 410 memoirs of a man who ha s been di s ' he o o for his zealous labours in behalf of tion of truth ; but this interest is c ci e d enhanced by the eculiar circumstall osj marked the career of'John Bradford,3lcd in his life was demeed a worthy f° ll , ° , if Divine Master ; who was one of t ''', o f! prisoned under the cruel persecntiol o f Snttl it Mary, and who, in the- fires actly three hundred years ago—beisiliV July, 1555—sealed his faith wit,' olitt The contemporary of Cranmer, Latimer, he was highly esteemed undeviating piety, unwearied zeal, ell'oowj ! constancy with which, under ments and bitter persecution, be the purity of the faith, and withstoel4 temptations which were so freelY duce him to acknowledge, ill anY t ` c :Vi of Romanism, or the supreinaeY °L Rome. Arrested under a false c",.;i0,,,1 citing the populace to sedition, s tr ia he had successfully laboured to 05- 1 10 0 1 was detained in prison nearly tw o h ; s t any offence could be proved 9 g s ; o o, blameless was his life and con versB- 50 ii innocence inflamed his persecute s pi ;111 1e , as being the severest reproof of 3 :00 and intolerance. The great qu e : l er° ll : however, and which led to his ° ° ' tfi et i o t ii nations, was his refusal to adel". transubstantiation, and the receP tli tj° o iti ro o elements as such, other than b)' t ` h .e tli` r ` lo. , el the work before us, which forriO;o e .iili c :i i of the " Library of Christian of the arguments are detailed 5 ' 0 11, rl the subject is now exciting atte/Tli.eoell'evol' the attempted prosecution of the f I ` . deacon of Taunton, the opini°ll3,i of '' early Reformers, so highly esttee,citefe Bradford, will be read with nl uc l e ts volume also contains many of before and during his imprisonniell's'ith''''d condemnation; his corresponde rtee 4M,V Hales, and his son and dauollt e ,r; with Bishop Ridley and his ° fe"°)Oß, that, in addition to the many ili te ';ob lars of his career, .there is ralle, ll `: 0 , 7 / tion, and we cannot too highl work for Sunday reading. Il e ", f,ii martyrdom is taken from Fore's n3- s c r or ft" tied to the stake he asked a ll the je' uess and forgave all the world , 1 ti „.0. 1 / 4 1 people to pray for him. Erabrseli he said, " Sweet is the way, gate that leadeth to eternal se,c'',oll`, there be that find it." "He ella t ; r o e 0 r (1 ,4 ; Fuller observes, , cas a f re sh gs" loc til hot summer's day, without any r e „t 4 firming by his death the truth of t' l ,; g er had so diligently and powerfully vi his life." Blackwood's Magazine. P -1 • Blackwoods• 8 4"" ~Pe S & So long as the war forms th e au ? ' topic of conversation, any partieutp ;11, i with the empire po ssess a rao6 o` , r ~; de g ree of interest. Last mon th, shed an important article on the - ferings of Russia from the Wari, ' 1, i tel eye-witness, and this month we author an account of " Life Russia," showing the'social eon diti