The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-02-01 00:00:00

TO ADVERTISERS. beg respectfully to call the attention of Merchants, Brokers, luctioneers, and others, to the important fact that LIVERPOOL STANDARD IS NOW THE ONLY NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED WEEKLY ON TUESDAY, can be read on that day by the thousands Manufacture rnd others attending THE TUESDAY'S MARKET IN MANCHESTER. STANDARD 2 id the Vewsrooms i respectable In , at town and the surrounding manufacturing district SECOND EDITION is published at Half-past Two, in ti for 1-A h containing MARKETS, and of importance that zy arrive in the co the morning DR. HAMPDEN'S CASE, ie Court of Q, ?I ' s Bench is to deliver judgment in this important case this mo ng, and we hope to f the Court by Electric receive the de Telegraph t .onouneed, when it hall be immediatel a to our readers Cbt Lthcrpool &tanbarb. TUESDAY MORNING, FEB. 1, 1848 We have given, in another place, a carefully corn goods during the pa, year, to which we _ invite the particular attention of our readers. We have been imnorting largely of breadstuffs from the of Europe, and from the continent ed with these coun- van ou of Au We ba tries, in food, between October, 1846, and October, 1847, an amount variously estimated at £25,000,000 ring; and our political econo assured us that our increased commodities would be Arts of manufactured has been the result will be .vent in question. Our ex;lorts to m which we have drawn our food, with the exception of those to the United States, have fallen off very largely; and although for the nd ofl What, howev€ seen by the stat, by this time the Wealth which so lavishly poured r laps I the co presented to us, in approaching de- ,nd for the rocluct of our in ommenst rate with our increased imports, or ige demand of ordinary years. The f the bread which we are eating has foreig Wined to retain possession. We are well aware of the apology which will be at we have raised ti this a of foreign demand be said ft It will price of food in the markets of the world; and thus diminished that margin between the income of the foreigner and his living, which he has ordinarily to ius in articles of clothing. But we must expend 'e hive so raised the untries, we have done so advantage of the foreign grower, t and gem the forCign shipowner, become suddenly rich ind, moreover, that in re have bought, the wise the bulk of the our p population. 11 v and of ier grain has been _ in proportion has been the ;one from us to pay for it. raising of the price of food to dear throughout I amount which h this ye the foreigner, and the equalization of the cost of subsistence throughout the world, were paraded as of the boasted advantages of the free-trade m. The price of foreign labour was to be en tion with us was to be Nance 1; and ius, comp, d a losing game : and, at the same time, the int:Teased pricy which the foreign grower was to re ceive for his food was to enable him to expend more id of diminishing his in our manuta means. We were, moreover, to annihilate foreign industry, by the same agency with which we stimu lated the prosperity of foreigners. Neither of these contradictory results has followed ; and the reason is very evident, viz., that the foreigner prefers lay ing out the increased price which he receives for his grain in stimulating the growth of his own manufactures. But, how does this singular argument, that our purchases of food from the foreigner incapacitates him from buying from us (!) his ordinary quantity of manufactured goods, apply to the case of the United States ? Our demand, and that of Europe, has, during the past year, raised the price of food of every description in America fully fifty per cent. Flour has ranged at the principal ports from 5 dol. 50 cents to 6 dol. 50 cents per barrel, which, in ordinary years, has not been worth more than 3 dol. Yet America has been %ble to take from us, as will be seen from the state ment elsewhere, three times her ordinary consump tion of cotton manufactures, and no doubt a largely increased quantity of other British products. It 50 cents to 4 dol. 50 cent is certainly'not for us to attempt to reconcile this discrepancy in the application of the free traders' argument. We leave the task to them ; and it will require some little ingenuity to perform it satis- faitoril The caus of the fallin g British West Indies is more which a off in our exports to the easily explained. The ual competition with the slave cultivator, to have driven them, has rendered those id valuable possessions, one vast scene lesolation, distre ncy. We ask of )ur readers to mark their decreased imports of our two leading cotton fabrics during the past year, as compared with the two preceding ones : d insolve Plain calicoes, yards 16,987,142 17,765,800 11,457,080 Printed and dyed do. 20,729,641 17,758,418 11,127,260 The the effects of s were gradually recovering from y blows inflicted on them by the British Li planters bac applied mcrea cient machinery, to by the timely aid of t I energy and skill, with more effi the work of cultivation; and government to enable them to prc I supply of labour, they might at this moment have been - in a position to consume largely of the products of the mother country. This very prospect, however, of being emblad ultimate ly to rise triumphant over their litticulties sea ledthTe fate of tile West Indian body. ,cribed man. His approach gall and wormwood to the `9, who had for years been -.lling him to his ruin. ' - Any found that The planter was a pros grown half-penny a and their aid on anostacy of over t uch ye: )nsume sl lave a of their to and the brand- cruel things, when ; hands of the Cuban and Brazilian —but we need trace the disgusting The West Indies no further igned to utter ruin a consi s to British. North America to be accounted for. We Tian possessions co nd provision ze to the neighbour we decreised by ing states of A nearly one h mports of the most importan icle, which ( nada -1- growers of the North of Europe. And the result of our suicidal policy, we fear, will not be confined to the loss of Canadian demand for our manufactures. Already disaffection widely anion ~st the French popula on- of the lower provinces, who sigh for Republi an Institutions ; and there are many loyal subjects n either province, who complain justly that they %re bound to an unkind mother, whose connexion with them is only felt in the imposts which she levies upon their industry. The most disastrous quarter, to which our atten tion is forcibly directed by the statistics referred to, is our Indian empire. We have in that splendid possession an - aggregate population little short, if at 0,11, of 200 millions of souls; and capable, when its resources and the habits of its people shall have been developed, by the exercise towards them of a just and wise policy, of compensating to the British manufacturer the loss of every market of Europe, should so improbable an occurrence ever take place. When we see, therefore, as in the present year, our exports to the Indian market diminished by nearly one-half; when we hear from that country of large amounts of British capital embarked in encouraging the enterprise of its people, and developing the vast resources of its fertile soils, now all but sacri ficed ; when we look amongst the long list of once wealthy firms in this country, who have been com pelled to suspend their operations and submit to ruinous loss, if not to be reduced to utter beggary, and that the most extensive of them have been en gaged in East Indian commerce, we feel bound to enquire what can be the inducing causes of such grievous calamities? The apology of the free-trader for the nonfulfillment of his large promises does not apply here. India has had no potato rot, no famine, to check her onward progress. She has indeed had, like our West Indian colonies, to enter into a dis advantageous competition with the foreign slave producers of sugar; and thus far her sufferings may be laid at the feet of the free-trade party. But the source of an evil which has prostrated the whole fabric of our commercial system, in the eastern world, has a deeper seat than this ; and the subject is of far too much importance to be discussed at the close of an article already sufficiently extended. We shall, therefore, return to it on an early occa sion ; and conclude now with asking of those phi losophers, under the operation of whose theoretic policy Great Britain was to assume at once an atti tude of preeminence amongst the nations of the world greater than she had ever hitherto attained —to what part of that vast empire, upon which the sun never sets, and which owns the British sway, can they point in which industry is not prostrate, enterprise suspended, and suffering and disaster rife amongst all classes of its population ? COUNTY RATE BURTHEN The sum required to be paid by the several townships .'or the county rate for t le pre sent quarter only, amounts to the enormous sum of £2612 Bs. 10d. This is exclusive of the borough rate payable by those townships, which are wholly, or in part, within the borough of Liverpool. The above sum is di rected by the precept of the Clerk of the Peace to be paid to the County Treasurer on or before the first of March ; but it is not expected that the overseers of the poor, who have already very heavy charges upon them in the relief of the poor, will be able to pay one-h is really high time that this oppressive county tax should be reduced ; the burthen increases, and is becoming a very serious matt The ,Guardians of the West Derby and other Unions have on more than one occasion memorialised the county magistrates on the subjeet ; but the evil has greater ment of the county constabulary force, and there appears no prospect of its amelioration IRISH MENDICANCY IN LONDON, burthens induced by the invasion of wretched Irish pau pers, and vicious and filthy Irish beggars. For their maintenance we exhausted our parish funds ; and the rate-. which was the result. Our dock quays and streets were crowded with a famishing peasantry, driven from their homes to prey upon our own industrious people ; and with sturdy beggars who were told that we were able to sup port every vagrant, who, unwilling to work, found the sources of charity in his own country, for a time, closed. Our complaints with respect to the preference with which we were favoured (?) met with little sympathy from her majec ;y's ministers, or from the community at large. We were gravely told that Ireland sent us a large quantity of her corn, her pork, her butter, and her poultry, and that it was little wonder that her people followed to eat it ; and that the least we could do was to find them knives and forks, clean table cloths, and the other necessary ap purtenances. Our port was the entrance gate by which Irish produce found its way into the stomach of John paid for his dinners W and suppers SO received ; and it was urged as not unreasonable—and by a cabinet minister, if we remember right, that our port ought to be happy to keep a people who had thus extensively traded with us, although that people had at the time our money in their pockets. We were unreasonable enough, too, to com plain that Ireland was converting Liverpool into her fever hospital. We appealed to the valuable lives of our towns men—in addition to our funds—sacrificed in the effort to cure the sickness of the filthy lazars disembarked upon our dock quays. We asked for the aid of government and the nation in this dreadful emergency. We asked in vole. All Unit, we received wee the loon of a foam Loans.* for floating hospitals ; and we had to pay even for their transport here and their fitting up. • The tables seem to be turning, as they generally do in the long run, however imperfectly some people may sup pose the affairs of this world of ours to be governed. The plague has penetrated to the manufacturing districts long ago ; and at length, and in most seasonable time, it has reached the metropolis itself. We quote a very graphic description of the invasion—and we can vouch, from its likeness to the picture presented here, for its perfect faith fulness—from the columns of the London Times : "Everybody must have observed the increase of mendi cancy in the metropolis. It is not a very agreeable topic to talk about, but cannot be easily forgotten while the liv ing subjects obtrude themselves so numerously and so ener getically on one's notice. The great thoroughfares " are alive" with beggars. To be sure the poor creatures are in motion, like mites in a cheese ; for the policeman's "move on" just prevents them from absolutely blockading the pavement. But it is only a hideous mockery of life and business. You see an ill-clad wretch before you, walking on, as if work. engagements, a home, a family, hope and comfort, were in prospect. The instant you come up to him, he turns round with some form of entreaty or com plaint; and then you see he is a homeless, friendless, placeless outcast, without aim or hope in existence. Then there are wretched women with infants in their arms; or children at their sides, the lame, the maimed, diseased, young women, little girls, and every class of suffering, ex cent, to the best of our observation, the aged. No small proportion betray the Celtic origin in their accent, their costume, and, it must be added, their winning address. Some affect to sell picture books, or flowers, real or arti ficial, according to the season, or anything that may dis guise their vocation; or they swarm around you asking for tickets to some benevolent association, the tickets being as much a pretence as the flowers. The most miserable fea ture of the case is, that many look as if they had seen better days. Others, indeed, to all appearance, have never been anything better than they are. One sad thought, however, embraces the whole class ; and that is, how quickly such poor creatures must pass to the grave. " Of their numbers we can form no idea, but it must be something enormous. In one particular quarter mile of pavement sheltered from the wind, and blessed with the sun, if any there be, there cannot be less than fifty some times, of all ages and sexes. Ladies turning out after lunch to do a little shopping, or get a little health, have to run the gauntlet past, or rather through, whole files of mendicants, many of whom, whenever an opportunity oc curs, will appeal to fear as well as to pity. Again, three or four groups will perform the circuit of a square at equal distances, all day long, and thus keep up the continual appearance of progress. They do not cease with the day ; indeed, whither they go at night we cannot tell. There are, however, beggars in the street all night long. There are miserable creatures too old, too ailing, and too ugly, either for work or for vice, who glean the last vestige of alms till two or three in the morning, when, we presume, they finish the night on a door-step, if they cannot do better. Where the day-beggars stow themselves at night one is almost afraid to conjecture. It would take barracks to hold them with the most moderate regard to decency and health. Their numbers we cannot estimate . ; but were we told there are 50,000 professed beggars, who do nothing but beg, we should not be surprised.' The mendicancy in our streets is such as must convey to foreigners a very unfavourable opinion of our charitable institutions. Moreover, the nuisance to passengers and injury to shopkeepers is enormous. Many people will not enter a pastry cook's shop, for fear that some poor should take a stand at the door, watch them eat heir bun, and attempt to make a prize out of the half- There are also whole rows of gi , ; . en in chanie. shops the custom of which is considerably injured by the cordon of beggars occupying the pavement. Few ladies like to encounter twenty squalid supplicants before they can purchase a pair of kid gloves or a few yards of riband." Our readers will recognise the features of the picture. They will recall to mind the half dozen men, women, and children who were wont to beset every pastry cook's door, and to hover about our eating-houses. But in one respect the resemblance fails. There was no "pretence" offered here for the mendicancy —no requests for tickets for soup ; no flowers, or tracts. The beggars at present afflicting the London people must have learned a little policy since they were first imported. When they landed here, they came direct from the quays to the parish-office ; and, when relieved there, into our streets and to our doors. lie commodity as to their disincl nation to be sent luim r e ey prefer even an English prison to Ireland ; and not a as we find from the London police reports, are just nv resorting to the plan of committing petty thefts, or windows, in order to be enabled to sojourn ' his inclement weather, in domiciles which, how ..;ver distasteful to our own poor, are something like Para dise in the estimation of the vagrant Irish. We do most cordially congratulate the country, and the people of Liverpool in particular, upon this movement of our Celtic brethren southwards. We may now expect the sympathy, on any future occasion of s u c h a visitation to Liverpool, which the experience of fellow suffering creates. Chesham Place, we trust, will not be without its daily visitation, in order that its noble occupant, .Lord John Russell, may learn what it is to be pestered with a crowd of wretched beings, whose very contact is contagion, reakir MtaaaZ I THE WEST INDIES-THEIR IMPROVEMENT, We have repeatedly called attention to the ruinous con dition of our West Indian colonies owing to the disastrous policy pursued towards them during the last few years. It has been truly said that " those who have marked the progress of the late commercial crisis, and have witnessed the prostration of the most splendid commercial fortunes, are well aware that one of the chief elements of these dis asters is to be found in the working of that fearful experi ment by which, in 1846, slave-grown sugars were admit ted into competition with the sugars of British colonists, not yet fully inured to the free-labour system!' We have been much instructed by the perusal of a very sensible pamphlet*, in which the whole question connected with our West Indian possessions is discussed with unu sual ability. It is proved from parliamentary returns that prior to the abolition of slavery our colonists there were able to produce sugar almost as cheap as the slave countries. The average price of British sugar during the nine years between 1825 and 1833 was 30s. ld. per cwt., and Brazil 245. Ild. Previous to 1807 the West Indies could compete without protection with the whole world. After the emancipation of the negroes a great proportion of them refused to labour, and the author of the pamphlet before us declares his solemn conviction that " instead of the £17,000,000 (granted as compensation to the planters of the West Indies, the Mauritius, and the Cape, for the freedom of the slaves) being equivalent to their loss, it has probably amounted to twice that sum." The planters could not allow their estates to be uncultivated, or the loss would have been excessive—they could not sell the estates, for no buyer was to be found. Thus they were left until 1846, when the cry for cheap sugar was raised, and in that year the Sugar Duties Bill of 1846 completed the catastrophe, and the writer we have alluded to thus graphically describes our inconsistency in passing that measure : " In 1832, slavery was depicted as a sin and a crime : it was denounced as a stain upon the national honour ; as a blot on the conscience of the people of this country ; from which, at all hazards, and at whatever cost, they must be freed. We did not even ask the planters what were their feelings upon the subject. Nor would it have satisfied our scruples to have declined for ourselves the receipt of this slave-polluted produce; leaving to the planters the re sponsibility, if they thought fit, of continuing the use of slave-labour, and resorting with their produce to the mar kets of other countries where no such objections might have existed. No : the abolition of slavery was declared to be a matter of principle ; to which all considerations of cost, or time, or aught else, must be altogether postponed. " Who could have dreamt that before eight years should elapse from the final completion of that memorable measure—as if to humble our national pride, and tarnish the fame of this boasted Act (of which hitherto we had re ceived all the praise, whilst the much-abused planters were left to sustain almost all the loss),—another Act should be passed by the British Parliament, at the instance of the Ministers of the Crown, for the purpose of admit ting into the markets of the country the slave-grown su— gars of other nations ! Slavery and the slave-trade being active in Cuba and Brazil, it was discovered that their sugars might be bought at a penny the pound cheaper than those of our own free-labour colonies ; and it was calculated, moreover, that we might derive some addition to the national exchequer by the transaction ! " If it were right to have denounced slavery and the slave trade as sins and crimes in 1833, what is to be said of setting ourselves to work in 1846 to derive a profit from the commission at second-hand of these very crimes ! If it be right to pursue the slave-dealer on the coast of Af rica, and bring him to trial as a pirate and a robber, what is to be said of sharing the profit of his cheap and polluted gains across the ocean ! * * * * " Those of the planters who had means or credit, have hitherto persevered in the struggle to maintain their es tates : they persevered against fearful odds, and. despite of difficulties the most distressing and perplexing. But who can tell the bitter sorrows of those who were doomed to fall in that unequal struggle ! From a condition of easy independence plunged into distress and ruin ; their families beggars on the world ; and they themselves left without even the consolation that, although deprived of their property, their character would at all events be al lowed to remain. But instead of this, to find themselves classed as reckless bankrupts !—who would not be warned of the folly and imprudence of overtrading !—Bankrupts, without any fault or imprudence of their own ! No : one unpardonable folly, it appears, they must acknowledge. Must it be owned that they trusted the good faith of their country !" The following reasonable remedies are submitted by the author, as calculated to restore the prosperity of our West Indian colonies; and the sooner they are resorted to, the better for the mother country and those valuable possessions " 1. A fixed differential duty, of adequate amount, be tween slave-grown sugars and those of our own colonies, to be determined either by reducing the present duty on colonial sugar, or by increasing that on foreign. " 2. Advances of money to be made to the planters, on the security of their estates, for the purpose of promoting improvements in drainage, irrigation, or otherwise, as may be deemed most expedient. "3. 1„ st enermrgamant. a_ nf wAlL , esulated tion of free labourers from the coast of Africa. " 4. Such means, as a proper consideration of the con dition of our West India colonies and of the legitimate bjects of emancipation may suggest, for reclaiming to in dustrious habits the multitudes among the emancipated classes who have withdrawn from labour; and for secur ing their own gradual moral improvement, as well as for the instruction of their children." * Remarks on the present state of the West Indian Colonies, with suggestions for their improvement. London : Smith, Elder, and Co. THE ECCLESIASTICAL PROVISION FOR THE PARISH OF MANCHESTER When the Rev. Canon Parkinson was appointed to the Presidency of Saint Bees College, with the incumbency of that parish, and announced his intention of holding in ad dition the rectory of Manchester, we drew the attention of our readers to a memorandum entered on the parish journal by the churchwardens of Manchester, expressive of their opinion that the parish would suffer from the length ened absence (for the greater part of the year) of Mr. Parkinson, however earnestly the rev. gentleman: might strive to prevent it. During the agitation of the question, Lord Stanley made some strong representations in the House of Lords, in which he stated that " it was intended that the Dean and Chapter of Manchester should reside within the parish; that they did not reside, and that they violated not only the intention of the founder, but also the moral duty which dovolved upon them, with reference to the population of Manchester. They had avoided the le gal responsibility, and they had not fulfilled the moral obligation which had devolved upon them." These were serious charges, but Lord Stanley was not the man to make them lightly. Within the last few days, we have had sent to us a copy in the original latin, together with a translation by J. Wheeler, Esq., banister at law, of the " Foundation charter of Christ's College, Manchester, granted by King Charles the First, and dated 2nd October, 1635," from which we make the following extracts : " And forasmuch as under the foundation as well of the Lord Philip and the Lady Mary King and Queen of Eng. land, as of the Lady Elizabeth late Queen of England (of blessed memory,) the college bath sustained most grievous prejudice by reason of the absence of the keeper, warden or wardens, who, though absent and performing none of the duty of warden, have drawn from it a large portion of the revenues of the said college ; we therefore decree, or dain, and will, that the warden and fellows, and their suc cessors, do constantly reside and eat and drink in the town or parish of Manchester, or in house or houses col legiate, so soon as the same shall have been provided. _ " We also decree and ordain and will, that on each.a.o r on which the warden and fellows shall be altogether absent from the town or parish of Manchester, so as to be unable, when called upon, to visit any sick person, or perform any other works of piety and charity in the said parish, the warden, as often as it so happens, shall forfeit of his own proper annual stipend two shillings and eightpence, and the fellows shall forfeit, &c."* How far Mr. Parkinson can comply with these provi sions, and at the same time effectually discharge the du ties devolving upon him at St. Bees, we leave to his own conscience to determine; but knowing as we do that the 400,000 parishioners of Manchester require an increase of clerical superintendence—knowing that the time of Mr Parkinson will chiefly be occupied at St. Bees- —we feel bound to say that we sympathise with the efforts now making in Manchester, by many warm friends of the Church of England, to procure an appropriation of the parish funds, more in accordance than at present with th e labours and duties of the working clergy. * Of course the value of money has, amazingly increased since the period when the charter was granted. THE SPIRIT OF ltdNik.--Bishoji Sant, the new Romish Bishop of Malta, has, like his predecessor, Caruana, re fused to take the oath that he will not attempt to disturb the Protestant faith; required before he can be admitted 'as a member of the Maltese - cam-lei' of government. On Saturday s printer named Bathe recovered £35 4s. Bd. the cost of printing dye "prOspeetus of the Liverpool and Derby Direct Railway • Campany, from the Hungarian Count Bathiany, who was one of thb provisional commit tee-men of the unfortunate 1106i:taking. EARLY CLoscsu.-The anniversary dinner of the mem bers of the association, which has for its object the early closing of shops inlhiS foWn;, - Wu's. held on Thursday, at the Queen's Hotel,'Lime-street.. In the absence of Mr. B. Flower, the president of the association, the chair was filled by Mr. Miram, and the vice-chaii by Mr. Rayne;. Several excellent toasts and speeches were made in. the course of the eyetiing, THE LIVERPOOL STINDARII. GOTHIC ARC HITECTISAE We mentioned in our last, that Mr. Rimmer lad deli vered a very interesting lecture on this subject at the meeting of the Literary and Philosophical Society, the previous evening. Mr. Rimmer said, there were at pre sent in England only two or three buildings which could be proved to have been constructed during the time of the Saxons, and Saxon architeeture was in fact nothing but debased Roman. Under the Normans, architecture flou rished, and the four styles prevalent were the Norman, the lancet, the decorated, and the florid. There are Norman remains in nearly every county in England. The little church of Bebington, Cheshire, contains some good work of this period. St. John's, Cheshire, is a fine example. The noble west front of Lincoln, the nave and aisles of Norwich, and the interior and transepts of Dur ham Cathedral, are all beautiful specimens. The pointed arch appeared earlier in England than in France, and the various varieties of style were the growth of English im provement, and not of foreign importation. Since the time of Henry the Eighth, there was scarcely a truly Gothic edifice built ; the Elizabethan style was a mixture of Italian, French, and indeed nearly every other kind of architecture. After some elaborate remarks on each of these styles, Mr. Rimmer noticed some of the ecclesias tical structures of this town, and his remarks on these buildings we give in erlenso : " Liverpool is very short of good Gothic buildings, far more so than of classical. St. Luke's Church, which, from its size and cost, stands first, is by no means without faults. The details (excepting perhaps the windows) are very beautiful ; the railing and piers of the gateways are also good, but suitable to a building on a much larger and grander scale ; the outline also from the top of Leece street is very pleasing. But the proportion of its side elevation is very inferior, its appearance from Bold-street extremely meagre, and the porches on each side of the tower ill correspond in size and character with any part of the building. There are several periods in the style of its architecture ; one rather singular error would make the upper story of the tower, which contains a window of the fourteenth century, built 100 years before the lower, which contains one of the fifteenth, and we could point oat se veral more faults. " There are in Liverpool many churches with even much less beauty to recommend them than St. Luke's ; but we must except one or two recently erected, and now in pro gress of erection. The most beautiful and pure Gothic' building in Liverpool, perhaps, is a small incomplete chapel in Canning-street. It is of the Decorated or 14th , century architecture, with a large variety of beautiful windows, and a graceful doorway ornamented with flowered mouldings. The stained glass on most of the windows is very well arranged, and the colours finely harmonised. " There is also a Roman Catholic chapel in Edmund street, by A. W. Pugin, which contains a very beautiful altar-piece and two elegant stained windows ; though, from its position, the front is necessarily flat and without buttresses: the two doorways are well.composed. " Another large chapel in Salisbury-street is good Early English.' St. Martin's-in-the-Fields is not a bad piece of composition. But with all these exceptions, Li verpool is short of anything approaching a fine Gothic edifice. " We may remark, in conclusion, how strange it appears that while we have so immensely surpassed the middle ages in arts and sciences, we should remain so far behind them in architecture. One reason is mentioned by Alison in his beautiful essay upon taste :--` If, besides the cost liness of the subject, it is also permanent or durable, this character is still further increased. Those productions of which the materials are perishable and must often be re newed, are, from their nature, subjected to variety ; but buildings may last, and are intended to last, for centuries. The life of man is very inadequate to the duration of such productions; and the present period of the world, though old with respect to those arts which are employed upon perishable subjects, is yet young in relation to an art which is employed upon so durable materials as those of architecture. Instead of a few years, therefore, centuries must probably pass before such productions demand to be renewed; and long before that period is elapsed, the sacredness of antiquity is acquired by the subject itself, and a new motive given for the preservation of similar forms.' " We are thus mere copyists, and no one who follows the steps of another can ever pass him. Again, Gothic architecture for a period of two hundred years fell into disuse, its beauties were unkn iwn, and its principles for gotten ; but we are beginning now to be justly proud of the national monuments with which England abounds, and to confess at last that there is beauty in the pointed arch, and that a cathedral is not as 'Sir C. Wren has de scribed, ' A huge monkish pile, unworthy of the name of architecture.' Such prejudices are fast losing ground ; and we may hope before long to see Gothic buildings erected with some portion of their former excellence." THE FIRST SOIREE OF THE ROSCOE CLUB The first reunion of thi; young club promises, from the spirited character of the arrangements made by the direc tors, to be one of the most successful entertainments ever provided upon an occasion of the kind in Liverpool, if it does not even vie with the more pretentious Atheneum soirees of Manchester. The only circumstance of regret connected with the soiree is the fact of its having been determined upon too late to allow of notice sufficient being given ;.the day. fixed being more convenient for members of parliament and literary men to confer upon us the favour of their attendance. As it is, it is anticipated that the soiree will be attended by Sergeant Talfourd, M.P., Messrs. Charles Dickens, Thackeray, (Michael, Angelo Titmarsh of Fraser's Magazine,) Mark Lemon, John Le4+ol., (3a .; Volta , .;‘,l an d ekthz," gentlemen distinguished for their literary, or scientific at tainments. The soiree will be held this evening, in the Concert hall, Lord Nelson-street, which will be lavishly decorated for the occasion, and, from its construction, will afford an opportunity for those visitors, who may be disinclined to mingle in the dancing, which will conclude the evening's entertainments,.to view the gay scene below, and listen to the splendid music to be provided. The quadrille band, which has been provided by Mr. Goodall, and will be under his excellent leadership, will be one in every way worthy of the occasion, if we may judge from the unsparing expense which has been gone to, and the first-rate talent engaged. It will consist of Mr. Goodall himself, (leader,) one re-piano violin, violin se condo, violincello, two double basses, flageolet, first and second cornopeans, first and second horns, opheiclide, trombone, drums, triangles, castanets, &c., in all seven teen performers. We learn that Mr. Goodall has com posed a new set of polkas for the occasion, to be called the " Roscoe Club Polkas," and, as soon as published, to be dedicated to the club. The band will play several fa vourite pieces whilst the company are entering the hall, after which they will retire until the dancing commences, which is expected to be about half-past ten o'clock. Dur ing the soiree several songs, glees, &c., will be sung by the vocalists engaged—Miss Whitnall, Mrs. George Hol den, Mr. Ryalls, and Mr. Roberts. Mr. George Holden will conduct on the occasion. The occasion is, we understand, to be signalized by the liberality of several of our leading tradesmen and lovers of arts in the town. Mr. Mayer has promised the loan of his " Roscoe Chair" for the use of the president, and it is intimated that when a club-house has been provided by the club, it will be presented by the present owner. Mr. Illidge, the eminent artist, who was one of the invited guests, but is deprived of the opportunity of attending in consequence of his professional engagements, has, to serve the interests of the club, presented a first-class proof im pression of the portrait of Lord Sandon, (now the Earl of Harrowby,) one of the patrons of the club. Mr. W. W. Mortimer, of Birkenhead, has also presented a copy of his excellent History of Wirral. ?Loral Rays. On Thursday, Mr. H. C. Walton, of this town, passed his examination at Apothecaries' Hall. Last week two robberies were committed in houses in Shaw-street at an early hour in the evening. The Rev. T. Nolan preached two sermons, on Sunday last, in St. Thomas's Church, Lancaster, for the schools attached to the church. A child, three years and nine months old, of Mr. David Morris, Copperas-hill, died on Wednesday, from injuries received through its clothes catching fire. The Rev. Join Martin, M.A.,. of Sidney Sussex Col lege, Cambridge, has been licensed by the Bishop of Chester, to ,. the curacy of St. Martin's, Liverpobl. The bill for the amalgamation of the two gas companies in Liverpool safely passed the standing orders of the House of Commons on Monday, and will be reported the first day that parliament re-assembles. , 11n4ari_ late _td tho °t eat Britain steam-ship, has been appointed by the admiralty, captain of tae port of Labuan, and will go out in the suite of Mr. Brooke, the Rajah of Sarawak. During the past week, Mr. F. L. Hausburg, of Church street, has, according to his usual custom, at this season, been distributing coals to his numerous workmen, and clothing to the weirkboys connected with his establishment. DESTRUCTIVE FIRE.—On Thursday night the mill of Mr. White, at Bootle, was consumed by fire. We regret that the owner is not insured, and the loss is stated at £1,600. On Sunday week, a young man, named Clayton, in the employ of R. Blundell, Esq., Deysbrook, ventured on a frozen pit, near Finch-house, on the West Derby-road, for the purpose of skating ; but the ice, being thin, gave way, and he was drowned. The custom of demanding a cradle for a child born to the Lord Mayor, during his year of office, used to prevail in London. On the last occasion of such an occurrence, Alderman Copeland, then Lord Mayor, waived insisting on it. There was, however, some other present made to mark the occasion. SALE OF MESSRS. BARTON, IRLAM, AND CO.'S SHIPS• —The ships of this firm were sold by auction on Wed nesday, at the prices following :—Lintin, 558 tons, £3,800 ; Charlotte, 535 tons, not sold ; Vigilant, 308 tons, bought in; Higginson, 475 tons, £1,895; Alice, 302 tons, £1,790 ; Mischief, 196 tons, £855 ; Carena, 292 tons, £1,785 ; Irlam, 279 tons, £2,005. At the monthly meeting of the Charitable Society, held on Friday last, the visiters reported as relicvad 899 cases, containing 3540 individuals -, 1178 visits made, and be tween £BO and £9O expended. This society deserves sup port at all times, but especially at present, when there is such unusual distress, and when, as we are sorry to hear, the funds of the society are nearly exhausted. PREPARATION FOR THE GRAVE.—A, few weeks ago, we mentioned the circumstance of Thomas Francis, Esq., of Bebington, having ordered Mr. Walter, plumber, of Birkenhead, to construct two lead coffins for himself and I lis wife. The coffins were duly made, and the wife of Mr. Francis a c t ua lly ass i s ted to polish them up. On Sunday last she di e d a t th e age of eighty-four years; and on Thursday she was interred ill the coffin she herself had worked at recently. The North and South Wales Bank have concluded ar rangements for an immediate resumption of business. About eight of the smaller branch establishments are to be discontinued. The directors and manager have received much credit for their exertions. ROSCOE CHAIR.-Mr. Mayer, of Lord-street, has lent to the Roscoe Club for the use of the president, at the forthcoming soiree, a chair made out of an oak beam, taken from the house in which Roscoe was born, Should the club acquire a house of their own, the chair is to be presented to them. SUDDEN DEATHS.—On Monday, Mrs. Lever, of Upper Pitt-street, left her child, ten months old, on a pillow before the fire, and on returning, in about twenty minutes, found it dead. It had been suffering for some time.—On the same day, an old man named Langshaw, was taken ill in St. Ann-street, and was carried to the Rose-hill station, where he died.—On the same morning, John Kilfillan, living in Regent-street, was found dead in bed. He had gone to bed the previous night without making any complaint. COLLEGIATE INSTITUTION.—LECTURES.--The season is about to commence on Tuesday (this day), under the most favourable auspices, Mr. J. Sheridan Knowles being engaged to deliver a lecture on oratory. The great repu tation which this celebrated poet has so justly attained, woeld, under any circumstances„ ensure for him an over flowing audience, still more so when connected with a sub ject so attractive. The list of lecturers announced to appear during the season is of an extraordinary character, and indicates an unceasing desire on the part of the direc tors of this noble institution to keep pace with the spirit of the times. THE BRUNSWICK CLUB.—We learn from the report of the annual' meeting of this excellent institution that it is now progressing most satisfactorily,—new members are daily added—and many who originally were only quarterly subscribers have become annual ones. The new commit tee who were balloted for by the members, and of whieh Mr. Brooke is chairman, and Mr. J. Walker vice-chair man, are using - every energy to &omote the usefulness of the society, not only in the diffusion of intelligence, but in the advancement of the many healthy exercises pro vided. A discussion and a music class are already in course of formation. FEMALE AMERICAN SERENADERS.—The performances of this troupe of American serenaders have, during the past week, attracted crowded audiences to the Concert hall, in Lord Nelson-street. Several of their songs are beautifully harmonised, and some solo songs given by them are full of spirit: Miss Jumba is a very clever singer of " nigger melodies," and " suits the action to the word" in all her performances. Cora is also a very supe rior singer; and her "Mary Blue" is a first-rate song. The finest voice, however, amongst the serenaders is that of Yurico ' whose song of " A,Life in the Woods f or me ," is a perfect gem. We understand that the female Ame rican Serenaders are to visit us again very shortly. ENCOURAGEMENT IN WELL-DOING. —On Tuesday last,.the Rev. Thomas Nolan- delivered a most beautiful and interesting address to the young gentlemen of that excellent establishment, Great George-street Academy, in this town. He thanked them kindly and affectionately for their handsome contribution to the Southern Hospi tal. After alluding to the honourable and important po sition which Mr. Fisher, their much-esteemed preceptor, occupied among the higher circles of society, and the cele brity he had attained in his professional career, he expa tiated very fully on the advantages which must accrue to the youthful mind from the study of mathematics and science, especially the sublime pursuits of astronomy. These, he said, in connexion with classics and polite lite rature, could not fail to impart a reality and a solidity to a liberal education, and prepare them for the honourable discharge of. the various duties which - lay before them in future life. The vast importance of a sound scriptural education was clearly proved—the necessity of a living faith in the atonement of the Redeemer—as well as the renewing and sanctifying influences of the Holy Spirit upon the heart,. to prepare them for the higher honours and more enduring realities of another andtaketter world. POLICE INTELLIGENCE, At the police-court on Wednesday a number of persons were fined for letting cellars which were not constructed in conformity with the requirements of the Samtory Act. THE SANATORY LAW.—On Saturday several persons were summoned for keeping pigs in Beech-street, which were a nuisance to the neighbourhood. Mr. Dhvenport, on their behalf, promised that the styes should be removed that day; but Mr. Rushton said he had come to the de termination to enforce strictly the Sanatory Law, and in flicted in each case a penalty of 20s. and costs. ARTFUL THEFT.—On Saturday:Ann Green, a wretched looking middle-aged woman, only that morning liberated from gaol, was charged with having stolen some blankets, the property of a poor woman, who had given her shelter, and (on a pretence which she made of being ill) had al lowed her, although a stranger, to go up stairs and lie down in the bed. There was a seco n d c h arge againstthe prisoner, but as the evidence in both case s w a s un fortunately inefficient to convict, she was discharged. WANT OF PRISON' DISCIPLINE.--On Friday, Frances Kelly, a middle-aged woman, was committed for trial by Mr. Rushton, charged with having stolen a dress-piece from the shop of Mr. Lewis, Great George-street. The prisoner had been sentenced in September, 1842, to seven years' transportation, and got off with three years. In November, 1845, she was sentenced to transportation for life, and got off with three years and a half; and last June, she was imprisoned six months. When sentenced to transportation, she was not sent out of England, but endured her seven years of. imprisonment in the aggre gate in this country. A BAD PULLEY:—On Saturday, Mr. John Westhead, flour-dealer, Great Howard-street, was fined twenty linirc and rog.ta fiu. - r barrels of flour without proper rope or pulley. A police officer stated that on the occasion in question the pulley appeared to have gone wrong, and the men engaged pulled up the barrels with a rope held in their hands. One of the barrels slipped, and fell upon the head of a poor working man who was passing at the time, and who was seriously injured. Mr. Rushton said Mr. Westhead was liable to a penalty of ten pounds. He would mitigate it to twenty shillings and costs, in order that he might make compensation to the poor injured man, who had a clear case against him. He had better compromise the matter with him. POVERTY AND CRIME. Five young women were brought up on Thursday, charged by a man named Robt. Roberts with stealing a loaf from his shop on the previous evening. They were all young women of pour but re spectable appearance, and one of them stated that she had stolen the loaf, and that they had all partaken of it. Her reason for doing so, she said, was that they were starving. In answer to inquiries from Mr. Rushton, she stated that they had all been at the Night Asylum for the last three weeks—that she had applied to Mr. Simpson at the parish office for relief, and he told her to go for it to where she came from—that the was born in Liverpool, had been five years in Manchester, and they were all at present out of work. Mr. Parkinson said the prisoners were not known and that only one of them had been there before. The case was remanded, to give time to make inquiry . into the truth of the charge made by the prisoner against Mr. Simpson, the relieving officer. IMPUDENT ATTEMPT TO ROB.—On Wednesday a re spectable seafaring man called a cab a t the stand in Lime street about seven o'clock, with the view of proceeding t o an hotel in Regent -street. Immediately 09 his doing so, a man named John Taylor said to him, " Slr, I'll f e t c h you a good eab," and shortly after he came to him in com pany with a cabman whose name and number he did not know. The prisoner and the cabman were talking toge ther when he was getting inside ; and as soon as he was seated the prisoner came into the cab also and sat down. In this way they proceeded down Dale-street, and on till they reached Waterloo-road, when the prisoner began to be abusive, and struck the complainant several times in the face. He then attempted to pull his watch out of his pocket, but in this he was defeated by the exertions which he made to save his property. While this was going on he called to the cabman as loudly as he could to stop the car; but this the cabman did not heed, as he drove on until within a short distance of the hotel, when he stopped, and his accomplice got out and left the party. The cries of the seaman then brought a policeman, who apprehended Taylor, who was brought before Mr. Rush ton on Thursday. Further inquiry was ordered to be made, as there appeared to be some doubt as to the iden tification of the parties. A tStritt 410115. The assizes at Chester will commence on Wednesday, March 29th. The new market house at Blackburn was opened on Friday Mr. Cobden and other free traders, met at Bolton, on Wednesday, to present a piece of plate to Mr. Brooks, as "is tcatlu , v„laYh,r 1,10 a-vu.l,mA, 01, tl,o I.o+o OPERATIVES IN MANCHESTER.—The number of cot ton mills working full time, with a full compliment of hands, and of those working short time, remains this week the same as last ' • but one mill which had been _ full time, with a portion only of the hands, has stopped altogether. _ _ . _ _ workin Acime excitement has been caused at Ashton by the Rev. J. R. Stephens and Dr. Lees, of Leeds. The former accused the teetotallers of trickery, and the latter placard ed Mr. Stephens as a " buffoon." A public meeting has since been called, and they exonerated Mr. Stephens, and said that the language of Dr. Lees had excited their disgust. On Thursday, at St. Helen's, Mr. J. B. Heard, clerk at. the Patent Alkali Works, in that town, was committed by the magistrates to the sessions, but admitted to bail, on a charge of defrauding the company by making out false returns of the amount of work done by the men employed in the works. John Truman, a junior clerk, w a s, a lso held to bail charged with being an accessory. A SCHOOL ON THE VOLUNTARY SYSTEPC—A short time since, a new school-room was built, between Port land-street and Bloom-street, by subscription,, purposes of a day-school in connexion with St. James's ' Church • the Rev. John Hollist, the incumbent, great efforts among his flock and friends to raise the ne cessary means. The school, or schools (for we believe an infant school was added), were opened ; a master and a mistress employed, and notwithstanding the district is full of children whose making r ki t n h g e very poor one, pare nts ought to de. sire to seek instruction for them at a good day school, it has been found that the subscriptions fell off; that it was in vain to hope to make the school self-supporting; and the result is, that the managing body have come to the determination to close the schools, as far as they are con cerned, next week. We believe that they have offered them to the master, giving him the option of conducting them for his private benefit, and taking upon himself all pecuniary responsibility ; but, having tried the experi ment, they are at length satisfied that they can no longer work the schools, relying on the voluntary contributions of the friends of education connected with St. James's Church and the district,—Manchester Guardian (4iberal paper.) Feb. 1, 1845. SEPTUAGENARIAN BIRTH-DAY DINNER.—On Friday last, the Rev. Canon Wray, sub-dean of Manchester, having on that day completed his seventieth year, invited seventy poor and aged persons to dine at his house, and regaled them with the best old English fare. For some years past the rev. gentleman has, on the anniversary of his natal day, invited to his house as many of the aged poor as his own life numbered years, —a graceful and Christian way of commemorating these milestones in life's journey, - THE EGERTON MEMORIAL.—The concluding meeting of the committee appointed to collect subscriptions for the erection of a cenotaph in Oulton Park, to the memory of the late Captain Egerton (brother of Sir P. Egerton, M.P.) was held at the Hop Pole Inn, on Saturday. The total amount subscribed was £369 2s. Sir P. Egerton has en gaged Mr. Romney to make a drawing of this monumen tal cross ; from which the worthy baronet intends to have a number of engravings executed for the purpose of pre senting a copy to each of the subscribers. THE COAL MINE ROBBERIES AT WIGAN.—The two men, Enoch Grimshaw and Henry Bleasdale, who have been taken into custody charged with being concerned in the robberies which have been committed in Mr. John Bleasdale's mine, were again brought up at Wigan on Tuesday. Our readers will be aware from our previous reports of this case that Grimshaw had left Mr. Bleasdale's colliery some months ago.. He has up to the present time been in the employ of Messrs. Byrom, Taylor, and Byrom, at the Strangeways colliery. In the course of the examination on Tuesday, it wsis stated what encroach- - ments had been made under the property of forty-two; proprietors,-and that no less than two hundred and twenty houses had had the coal or canal either wholly or partially taken away, The amount of canal gotton beyond Mr. Bleasdale's boundary was stated at 19,000 tans, and of King coal at 1900; the former being valued at £lO,OOO, and the latter at £BOO or £9OO. The two- prisoners were committed for trial' at the approaching Liverpool Assizes. THE FREE TRADE DEMONSTRATION—A FAILDRE.--* On Thursday night last, the long and much-talked of " Great Demonstration" came off in the Free Trade Hall, the edifice which was specially erected a fevryears ago for such exhibitions. Anticipating, to some extent, a great display of league oratory and reasoning, and - anxious to behold the formidable array of newly-fledged Free Trade M.P.'s announced to be present, some 2,500 per% sons met together in the hall to grace the " gre a t delnons stration" by their presence. They were, however, doom- - ed to-disappointment, in more ways than one, and many.• now that the bubble has burst, are loud in the expression of their dissatisfaction. In the' first place, they went' to learn the prospects of free trade, - and to ascertain when, how soon ) and in what w a y it was' to be nefi t them to th; extent once so confidently predicted, instead of which' they were regaled with anti-war speeches, and the worn- - out effusiOns of the peace society. There was on the part of all - the speakers, a timid shrinking from the main' question, each and all of them preferring rather to talk about the national defences, or any other subject foreign to the meeting. Another great source of disappointment was the quality of the wines and viands, the former being pronounced execrably bad, whilst of the latter there was not a sufficiency. This we rather wonder at, as the " League" provided all, and we can only aecxnutt for it by supposing that they are ge tti ng out o f funds, and were anxious to realise a trifle by th e speculation.- Kven were this the case. it is no business of ours further' than that we should be sorry that any innocent licensed' victualler should be blamed when Messrs. George Wilson- and Co. were selling on their own account, and are the only parties whoni the blame rests. It is satisfactory, however, to know that this unkindness met its reward, for we are assured that it has recoiled on its grasping authors, who are likely to lose by the affair. Many disappointed parties talk unpleasantly about having been decoyed to the " de monstration" by false pretences—that is, induced- to- go for the purpose of hearing the new lights of the free trade party, instead of which they were enlightened only by the new gas chandeliers, which certainly threw more light upon the subject than all the " unadorned eloquence" of Messrs. Cobden, Bright,- and Gibson, whose oft heard speeches possessed no charms, especially for those- who went expecting to hear the gentlemen who were keptaway by " previous engagements" or indisposition, which , ww suppose really meant, that they were indisposed to, be seen in such company.—Manehester Courier. A FEW WORDS TO THE ASSISTANTS UPON EARLY CLOSING. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDAR:II _ _ . has been written, much has been spoken? and much also has been done, towards the accomplish- went of early closing ; but much more still remains to 130 achieved. What has been , done with the exceedingly limited means possessed, is a sufficient proof that, with increased means, unity of purpose, continued agitation, and persevering zeal, all that is- sought to be done, all that is desired, may, and will be ac com pli s h e d. It is now simply a question of time, when shall these things be ? The assistants have the solution in their own power; let them aid the moral movement of their friends, their bre thren, and the enlightened portion of the favourably-dis posed and generous public, and their enfranchisement from the bondage of unnecessarily-lengthened toil will soon become a verified and substantial fact. If the mass of the assistants, however, notwithstanding the cheering signs of the times, will not arouse themselves, but still remain callous to all entreaties, and suicidally apathetic to their own well-being, the evil, great as it is, must conti nue, and more young and sanguine hearts be sacrificed upon the accursed altars of Mammon and Indifference. Once, again, I entreat the present sufferers to do their duty. This is the age of sanitary reform, this is the pe orifodonwyhseenotailolnatotfempthete coni to healt h and w m i OrsiS lling ' aid of - philanthropists of every grad nobles t , clergy, gen try, influential tradesmen, all are willing to help those who first chew a desire to help themselves. Seize, then, I beseech you, the good that is offered. If you arouse yourselves, now you may be saved; you may have your ills, or at least a large portion of them, removed. Delay, and the means may pass out of your reach. Shall a just and reasonable reduction of the hours of labour, be ob tained by the unity and exertion of the present genera tion, or must it be delayed until a more liberal and en lightened one succeed ? We hope the former ; God grant that we may not be deceived.—Yours, &c., January 28th, 1848 J. B. J THE PROVISION MARK:-.T, We quote the state of the provision trade from the cir cular of Mr. George Badenach, prepared for transmission by the packet which sailed on. Saturday last : . _ " Cheese has been in fair demand, and the market is pretty well cleared. " Beef. All the import of the new cure has been taken at full prices. Old is neglected. " Pork. Very little doing. Some inferior prime, and s few strips, taken at extreme low prices. "Bacon. There is an improved demand for this ar ticle, and considerable sales have been made of old, of ordinary quality, at extreme low figures—the better sorts have also been taken at about 40s. Our stock is now in very small compass. For new there is a fair demand, and several small parcels have been taken at 50s. to 525. per cwt. " Hams and shoulders. Some extensive sales have been made of these, at reduced rates, for the Irish mar ket. Some dried hams, of the best reputed cure, and in excellent condition, have been sold at 28s. per cwt. " Lard. This article continues to be taken on arrival itt improving prices, a small parcel of fair quality having been sold at auction at 60s. to 60s. 9d. _ " Butter. About 4500 firkins Canadian were brought forward at auction on the 21st instant; in consequence of the large quantity, buyers calculated upon low prices, which the holders would not submit to ; but, ultimately, nearly the whole were cleared off at prices ranging from 58s. to 675. " Soda Biscuit. Very little doing, old parcels. working off at low prices. " Apples. The season is now over." The imports fora the month ended 27th January have been—of cheese, 847 casks and. 1708 boxes.; beef, 956 tierces 7 brls. ; pork, none ; bacon, 1825 cwt. ; hams, 97 casks ; lard, 634 brls., 367 kegs, 72 cases ; butter, none. The easterly winds, which have prevailed lately, have no doubt contributed materially to this shortening of our supplies. We give Mr. Badenach's latest quotation of prices : .0 0 c1cn 't;i2 t'P. z . 3 S 4 clt'l • ' t igg'47,,lt-2...,13,T,Ea2.2= t • • • 0 E. . ; r E k ft . R:" , : . tric);:vc, 3 ,, 143 :4' aO.. ro o ti F; ';Lt •• greeqs°, c „ gm I' ry p a..r.o gb= s se -6; cao.csal , P , -. co oo •-• c‘o co o' . . "'S.IVSP .0 . 0 4 W4 , 044001WWW MWOPP.GPVO,4O 0 ~C.5CA10Pe.4..400C4C740 CI ; ; s cr . 3 5. tp . . . . 1 g ‘..".', ;',,„ tg ;,' g ~, ;,i , ~, . , Ett e 4 & ',l r r l ?' : ca a .r E r . ni ' e t/ !ez 1 1 .0 ••cr r 5 ni Hu A tt] Adrat lein, 1 Sit lliillei Biam: Ruslil werp. 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