The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-01-19 00:00:00

Etter aturc. N ()TICE China; Political, Commercial, and Social. By R. Montgomery Martin. No. 2. London : James Madden, 8, Leadenhall-street. Liverpool: Grapel and Wareing Webb. The present number of this most instructive work fully maintains the interest with which we perused the first. It ,ommenced with an account of the tradition, history, and lynasties of China for three thousand years, in which r singular cases of historical coincidence with the ---,tures are traced, and much of the mystification, with which chroniclers have surrounded this singular people, is removed by Mr. Martin's searching investigation. We have next a luminous account of the intercourse of the Chinese with other nations from the early ages ; a descrip tion of the neighbouring empire of Japan ; the intercourse between China andCorea, Tibet, Cochin China, Siam, and Burmah ; and the present relations with China of Great Britain, France, the United States, &c. To the mercan tile reader, as well as the student of history, this work, when completed, will be an invaluable one. We give a 1 another place. few extracts VARIETIES A drop or two _of honey well SAPPED HANDS rubbed . -- the hands while wet, after washing with soap the roughness of the prevents chapping in cold weather a morganatic marriage. t he Jy accordingly fastened a handkerchief over his eyes, and in others contracted' marriages suitable to their rank ; two this state he endeavoured to catch her. The other ladies have been married thrice, and eight twice. mingled in the sport, and even Mailiard himself took a Of the 46 Sovereigns married or widowed; 13 have no share in the diversion. The new game was soon spread children. Of the 33 others, after the Sultan, comes the from the court to the city, and received the new name of Prince of Dichtenstein, who has nine children. The King colin-maillard, after the enamoured monarch and the of Bavaria and the Prince of Lippe have each eight ; the recedes. rigid confessor. G rand Duke of Baden, seven ; six other sovereigns have All you progress, an d still you are no nearer to your • COST OF DISEASE.-A policeman, receiving 20s. a week each seven; and three only one. 15 sovereigns have raised resting-place than when you first set out. And regular wages, being remons t ra t e d w ith as an un fit o bj ec t grandsons ;—the King of the French has 15 • the Em ,t what a distance h ave y ou t rave ll e d from the objects for a charity, gave th e f o ll ow i ng accoun t o f himself peror of Russia, the G ran d D u k es o f Hesse and of Saxe tut originally enticed you on ! See, too !as you look " That he paid for his miserable o n e room , divided into Weimar, and the Prince of Hohenzoller- S; -ctrir back, how small appear all those things that seemed so two, ss. a week ; that he had Is. Bd. w eekly to p a y f or h.— • •• - aka a si nd as you toil on, But still i , choed his good little genim you sec the farther you advance the ; is the haven of your heart ; grand when but a little way removed froin our grasp. So, hat you have gained after all, you might as well here you started. Friend I such a fleeting it fancied boundary to one's wishes which and such course of fruitless toil is The Good Genius that turned Everything into Gold. MiIILAT AS A MONARCH. — He could never resist the sup- the entreaties of the reflect and, like all princes, he was ex- ts to prin. aan is by nature, the more __n o.gm. ingen, nave earn six. As the Duke of Saxe-Altenburgh has keeping up his clothes, which reduced the money he had only daughters, there are 32 sovereigns .who have heirs for his family of four children and his wife to 13s. 4d. ; presumptive ; and 14 have collateral branches for suc that he had had all his children ill, and lost two ; that he cessors. 12 have brothers ; the Queen of Spain, her had, during three years, paid six doctor's bills, principally sister ; and the Prince of Hohenzollen-Ilechingen, the for medicine, at the rate o f 2s. 6d, a bottl e , amounting son of his grand uncle. Six sovereigns have no fixed to between £3O and £40.; that two of the childre n h a d successors ; they are, independently o f th e P o pe, th e died, the funerals of wich, performed in the cheapest D uc h ess o f Parma, the Dukes of Brunswick, of Anhalt manner he could get it done, had cost him £7 ; the wife Bernberg, of Anhalt-Coethen, and the Prince of Reuss and his two childrn were now ill." The second case is Ebersdorf. Of 46 hereditary princes and heirs-presump that of " a porter in regular employment, at wages pro- tive—the eldest being the Prince of Reuss-Schleitz, 57 clueing 12s. a week : he paid 3s. 6cl. for a most miserable i ITPA IN and two tn.., th T 1 and the more he flatter and unwholesome room, in which himself and six other people, four children and three adults, slept ; the children were shoeless, extremely filthy, and badly clad ; the wife ill in bed of a diseased knee, for which I attended her ; four children were now ill." They were so depressed and debilitated, as to render them very great objects for the dispensary and the Samaritan Fund. All this misery was traceable to preventible causes.—Evidence of Joseph Toynbee, Esq., F.R.S. LOUIS PHILIPPE'S MOVEMENTS DURING their power. The bemity of his person, the charm of his smile, the natural urbanity of his manner—to which, how ever; he was inclined to add more importance than was consistent with his proper dignity—and the richness of his dress, pleased the multitude and the army ; although self-reputed sages laughed at this last display, and pro nounced it ridiculous. The affability and gentleness of L as could not have been an `iirth, endeared him to the which were such ticipated frOm a man of 1( LITTION —The Orleans family wer v• au ua y 1110 11a4./ UGGLI 111 LUG ILLILLGOG U/ Toulouse, and had availed himself to the utmost of the education bestowed upon him. I do not recollect ever having presented myself before him, on my return from executing any of his orders, without his expressing his thanks to me in the most amiable manner. One day he THE REYC Greitz, only nine months of age,-20 are married ; one has contracted a morganatic marriage, one is divorced for the second time, 16 have children ; Prince John of Snvony has nine. was returning from the Campo di Morte, when a woman in tears, and holding a petition in one hand, stood forward to present it to him. His horse, frightened at the sight of the paper, began to kick and rear, and ended by throw ing his maj still uncertain, the duke, apprehensive of violence - from the royalist party, shut himself up in a little pavilion in the park. There his wife and sister secretly visited him, and took him the news as it arrived from Paris. From his retreat he plainly heard the din of battle raging in the streets of the capital. On the 28th of July, a canon-ball, fired from Courbevoyne, fell near the palace, and at a some distance from the spot. After swear ;he French fashion, Joachim took the pa d its petition, which was the life of the ) have been executed the fol --es, and even officers in the asenting themselves to the streets, with a petition in other.—Memoirs of lowing as he i :nd an inkstand in t al Pepe. THE ACADEMIEDE MEDICINE AND LOIIIS PHILIPPE. —ln a recent number of the Union Medicale we find the following anecdote :—" It is known that on the first day lemie de Midieine enjoys the sig eived at the Tuileries, and compli- The Academy is not very old, and reigns and two dynasties. This gives some experience. Wiser than more powerful and more nal honour of being rec .orienting short distance from - the duchess and her sister-in-law. There cauld be little doubt of the intention of the shot. This circumstance made mademoiselle think that in their fury the royalists might attack Neuilly, and carry off the family. Accordingly, the duke, accompanied only by his faithful adherent Oudard, left his retreat, and crossed the country on foot to Rainey, another of his seats, situated near Bondy. This was on the 29th July ; the duke was dressed very simply, and wore a grey hat with a tri coloured cockade. As soon as the canon-shot was fired from Courbevoye, mademoiselle said to the duchess, " My dear, we cannot stand by those people any longer ; they massacre the mob, and fire at us ' • we must take a decided part." Hastening to her wardrobe, she tore up several silk dresses, white, blue, and red, made them into cock ades, and distributed them to the household.—Appert's Court of Louis Philippe. FIFTEEN YEARS AGO.—Fifteen years have now elapsed he commencement a joleries la . vished on this day, and sixteenth ye Fifteen 3 iterary frequently f of all t msam - e mouths, to the ro Governments which have succeeded each other luring the last half-century—to princes by right divine— so by right of the people. These harangues are adequately appreciated as they occur, assume a degree of nice in the retrospect. We may be said to have generations change their character. Those who, a considerable section , C 1 1;17/1;(41 11411orn,cor ;r* _ import In the course of last year, 18 deaths took place in so vereign families :—three reigning princes, Pope Gregory XVI., Francis IV., Duke of Modena, and the Landgrave Philip of Hesse-Homburg; one ex-sovereign, Louis Bo naparte, ex-king of Holland ; the Dowager Duchess (pro- TlP7hr ersaair iv rr , rhrnimwraca A -.1 -1, and appropriate ; and since they are con ge, however wearisome they may be, the s through its address as well as it can. This as in all others, the president read his short speech, King replied with his accustomed facility. The -mony being gone through, the august party -Qine forward to the deputation, saying, who are physicians tell me what state of health.' The deputation in ids in due respect. No, no ! look at say that I have got the gravel ; some and that I am about to undergo litho- aecrated by t Academy get: the late Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg ; Prince Henry of Prussia, uncle of the present king, aged 65: Prince William of the Netherlands, aged 101 ; the he reditary prince of Hesse-Philippsthal-14rchfeld, aged 21 ; Prince Charles of Waldeck, uncle of the reigning prince, aged 43 ; Count Henry of Reuss-Kostritz, aged 78 ; Count Ferdinand of Lippe-Blesterfeld, aged 74 ; the Grand Duchess Mary of Russia. daughter of the Grand Duke Michael, aged 22 ; Princess Augusta of Nassau Usingen, married to the Count de Bismark, the divorced wife of the Landgrave Louis of Hesse-Homburg, who died in 1839, aged 68 ; Maria Louisa, Princess of Spain, wife of the Duke of San Fernando, aged 67 ; the Princess Dowager Leopoldine of Liehtenstein, born Princess Es terhazy, aged 58 ; Princess Louisa of Hohenzellern- Hechingen, widow of Baron Herr von der Berg, aged 72 ; Princess Caroline Louisa, of Schaumburg-Lippe, sister of the reigning Prince, aged 60. nen, vox say the stun( some say the gout, and others, I know not how many complaints. I assure you, gentlemen, and your that all this is unfounded, and that I health.' These words, the correct can guarantee, were spoken with less, and, in fact, the Acadtcmie with perfect sincerity to congra tulate the king on his good looks, his clear and rosy uplexion, and all the other appearances of the most ing health. This little scene was most assuredly up without design, and, therefore, we have no ap nsion of displeasing any one by relating it to our Be it known, moreover, that of all the inhabit- utmost cheerfulr. not en readers of the kingdom the king is perhaps the most rigid ibserver of the rules for preserving sound health. He ices at five o'clock in the morning, at all seasons, works his cabinet while fresh and clear, And therefore with se—breakfasts simply—then takes a long walk, which —Ad and salutary reaction towards the skin ; at dinner has constantly a fowl dressed with rice, and for his drink takes only pure water, about which his Ma- promotes jesty is very particular: At the end of his meal he takes half a glass of old Bordeaux wine. He sleeps on a single mattress, laid on a camp bedstead, and for never more than six hours. Such is the sober austere life of our sovereign, and with such a regimen men may live long. It is known that Louis Philippe has some medical opi ions of his own. His remedies, however, are most inno it, and have the sanction of one of the greatest practi - )m our art is honoured. Like Sydenham, tioners by wt in fact, the king may carry the whole of his therapeutical apparatus in the head of his cane. The lancet and. opium tie his great remedies." A.DMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE TOWARDS AN AMERICAN In A.D. 1821, their trade was IAN I CHINA stopped at Canton in consequence of a sailor, on board an American ship, having as was alleged dropped a pot over- board, by which a Chinese woman was ac.iidentaily killed. Captain Copeland refused to surrender his seaman to the Chinese authorities, unless Howqua, the celebrated Hong merchant, would pledge his word that the sailor would be returned as soon as he had gone through the indispensable ceremony of "looking at the Chinese judge," i.e., the Chinese judge looking at him. The Pon-ue (judge), and came on board the Emily, and demanded nan should be placed in irons ; this re- his interpret that the se quest was firmly refused, and at last dispensed with. Pac qua, the security merchant of the Emily, and Cowqua, the linguist, being called, fell on their hands and knees, to hear the demands of the Pon-ne, of which the Ameri cans could get no interpretation. Captain Copeland was next called, and required to produce _ the prisoner, Terra- nova, who approached the table at which the Pon-eu sat ; the fatal jar with which he was accused of having struck the woman, was placed before him on the deck, tegether with the hat she wore at the time. Being questioned, he replied with perfect composure and firmness, that it was the same jar which he had handed the woman, and gave her a mace to pay for the fruit she was to place in it ; showing by signs the manner in which he handed it into the boat. The_Pon-ue exhibited great irritation at any 'twin'. co, explanation ; anti tiowqua and the linguist, slthough repeatedly urged, did not translate the one-half A his defence ; and whenever they attempted, they were ;topped by the judge. All efforts failed to have other witnesses for the defence heard, and the Chinese witnesses 3eing called, the Americans withdrew, (this is the, custom in Chinese would be hi lnly witnes :rials), but not withoutan:assurance that they ard. A woman and two children were the _es produced, and when required to point out the supposed guilty party, the woman seemed unable, un til the linguist placed his hand on Terranovo, although there was no other seaman present. This circumstance was strongly objected to on behalf of the. prisoner, and the linguist was requested to make known the objection to the judge but be refused to do so. A translation of this woman's ' evidence was then commenced; but as she spoke rood English, it was urged thatishe ought to be allowed evidenceawn for the satisfaction of the Ame- ricaris. This was refused, and on her commencing Eng lish, she was instantly stopped. It was now urged that this same woman, a few days previous, had stated to Captain Copeland, in the presence of four other captains, a totally different statement, viz.: that she was inside of her boat when it occurred, but saw the husband of the de ceased pick up the hat and jar, and forcibly make a hole' in the former with the jar. All this Howqua interpreted to the judge, but without making any impression on him, One of the children gave some evidence, but there was no translation of it made. Evidence was tended on hehalf of the accused, to prove that the children were on shore at the time of the fatal occurrence. At last it was admitted that the judge was aware that the woman had told a dif ferent story, but he declared that now she had told the truth. The instruments of torture were brought forward, but not . made use o f. C apta i n C ope l an d b ecame most earnest 117. protesting against this mockery of justice, but was deprived of the aid of the Rev. Mr. Morrison, by the Chinese, on the ground of hi s b e i ng a Br i t i sh subject, At length the judge, seeing the determi na ti on o f t h e Ame ricans, again took his seat. He sat a few minutes, but only heard a few words of the rebutting t es ti mony , w h en h e s il enced the linguist , and rising from the chair, said it was Heaven's business; if he had judged w rong , G o d would punish him for_ it hereafter ; he knew in his own heart the man was gully ; he must be delivered up. With this he quitted the kimly, leaving upwards of 1000 Chinese on board, and the ship surrounded with . war boats. Ter ranova, in a few days afterwards, , w i l l ingly surrended himself, whi c h wa s a good proof of . his i nnocence. He was conveyed t o C an t o n, and it is. supposed a similar mockery of justice gone through before the viceroy, and on the third day he was strangled outside the city wall His body vas sent the Americans, and the trade opened an the same day. — Montgomery Martin's China. Amongthe - births, .16 - are especially worthy of notice ; those of the sons of the King of Naples, of the Queen of Portugal, of Prince Luitpold of Bavaria, of the Prince hereditary of Reuss-Greitz, of the Prince-hereditary of Sardinia, of the Prince-hereditary of Schaumburg-Lippe, of the Duke Eugene Erdmann of Wurtemberg, of the hereditary Prince Charles of Hesse-Philippsthal, and of Jules of Lippe-Blesterfeld ; then those of the — B , nter of the Queen of Great Britain, of the Duke de Nemour!,of the Prince of Lichtenstein, of the Princes „. T--i v.+, of Oldenburg, and Augustus of the Count Saxe Coburg Gotha. In 1846 the following marriages took place in Sovereign houses :—that of the Queen of Spain with her cousin, the Infante Don Francisco ; of the Duke de Montpensier . . with the Infanta Luisa of Spain ; of the Prince Royal of Wurtemberg with the Grand Duchess Olga of Russia ; of the Princess Mary of Holstein-Blocksburg (widow of Colonel Lasperg) with Count Alfred of Hohenthal-Ko nigsbruck ; of Count Henry 11., of Reuss-Kostritz, with Countess Clotilda of Cassell ; of the Hereditary Prince of Monaco with Countess Antoinette of Merode. We may notice, in conclusion, the divorce of the Prince Royal of Denmark from his second wife, a Princess of Mecklen burg-Strelitz.—Sun. le nurse's arms, are now young men and women au, into active life ; those who were then boys, are now men ; lads just emerging from school and college, are now grave papas of thirty years and upwards ; and misses with red shoes are no longer romps but mothers of families, engaged in the high consideration of finishing establishments for daugh ters and professions for sons. By many our paper must be looked upon as a prodigiously old concern : they will profess having seen it as long as they can remember. "I have read you ever since I was a boy," said a gentleman of portly bearing to us one day—the lapse of time had never before been presented so palpably to the eye. We began forthwith to consider ourselves as somewhat aged persons. And yet the progress of years is felt by us in no other way than in the consciousness of an increased desire to work out the purposes for which the present work was established. It is now so long since we told what these purposes were, that many who have not fol lowed us from the commencement are apt to form incor rect impressions on the subject, and to recommend_pl9- inconsistent with our principles of management Lens' Journal. How To OBTAIN A WIFE.—An amusing story is told in the life of James Gordon, the architect, of the way in which Vincent Waldre, the artist, who painted the ceiling in St. Patrick's-hall, Dublin Castle, obtained his wife : " A strong, though rather comical, illustration of his cha racter was given in the mode of his marriage with an En glish lady some short time before his visit to Ireland. When in a convivial mood, with a few select friends, he was sometimes induced to give the following account of his courtship and marriage :—` With some others, I was invited to a wedding which was to take place in the neighbourhood of Stowe, in Buckinghamshire. When the parties invited on this occasion assembled at the church, one only was absent, namely, the bridegroom ! whose presence was. of course. most anxiously reonirpd. —Cham- The clergyman to officiate, and the vigilant clerk, were duly in attendance ; minutes passed rapidly away, and the church clock struck an hour after the appointed time. All eyes were directed to the porch of the church, until it became evident that some fatal cause would interfere with the performance of the ceremony—that all was not right with some of the parties concerned. The worthy clergy man at length closed his book, in which was fruitlessly deposited a small slip of paper containing the names of the intended bride and bridegroom, then left the church ; the bride adjusted her veil with a dissatisfied countenance, and all parties were preparing to depart for their respective homes. Feeling the distressed situation of the neglected lady, I boldly volunteered my services, and offered my arm to lead the intended bride out of church. With feelings I felt a difficulty in checking or explaining, I boldly of fered myself as a substitute for the absent suitor. Nor was my spirited conduct slightly appreciated—a blush ing approval sanctioned my honourable and gallant conduct. The clergyman was overtaken and requested to return, as matters had assumed a new feature. Re turn he did, but on the explanation of the affair it became his unpleasant duty to state to the elated and happy pair, " that three successive Sundays must pass over before it would be in his power to_ contribute to the happiness we so eagerly anticipated.' " In short, the newly - betrothed parties did wait the protracted period. The original tru ant, the cause of so many variations of the compass, con tinued absent, we may presume with leave ; and his suc cessor Waldre, being a man of honour, a ` chevalier sans peur et sans reproche,' patiently abided the appointed time, at the end of which the volunteering parties were happily united as man and wife. WHAT IS MONEY ?"—On one of these occasions, when they had both been perfectly quiet for a long time, Mr. Dombey only knew that the child was awake by oc- . . M# casionally glancing at his ey here the bright fire was sparkling like a jewel, little Paul broke silence thus : "Papa, what's money?" The abrupt question had such immediate reference to the subject of Mr. Dombey's thoughts, that Mr. Dombey was quite disconcerted. ~ —., . .... " What Paul ?" lie an.mer& " Money ?" etntral Green peas were on sale in Hull on the Bth instant. An Edinburgh paper mentions that a lively butterfly was found at Leith last week. On Saturday night, a powder-mill, at Kendal, ex ploded, and blew two men, who were within it, to pieces. The total number of ministers in the Wesleyan connec- tion is 1,174 Mr. (jostler has challenged Mr. Bright to a public dis cussion on the ten hours' bill question. The London Licensed Victuallers, on Thursday, ad vanced the price of gin ls. 4d. a gallon. The penny omnibus system is about to be put in opera tion, by a company, in Bristol and Bath. The customs reeenue for Gloucester for 1846 amounts to very nearly £116,000, an increase of about £10,500 on the return of last year. HIGHLAND DESTITUTION.—The Edinburgh subscrip tions for the Highland destitution amount to upwards of £9OOO. At Glasgow, the subscriptions - amount to £5OOO. PRICE OF BREAD.—OR Wednesday the bakers on the Surrey side of the river made an advance of one halfpenn , on the 41b. loaf. I -..veral Cambric'- _a several villages near ..tge, the wages of la bourers of husbandry have been raised ls. and 2s. a week, in consequence of the rise in the prices of provisions. The Conde de Montemolin visited the Times office on Wednesday. One hundred papers were printed in his presence in one minute. Mr. Stephen Bowles, of Stilton, who died on Christ mas-day, has bequeathed ten thousand pounds to the Stamford and Rutland Infirmary. The customs receipts of the port of Glasgow for the year 1847, exceeded those of the previous year by up wards of £44,000. At a public meeting held in Glasgow, on Tuesday last, the Lord Provost in the chair, the sum of £4,575 was contributed towards the relief of the destitute in the 'Highlands and Islands of Scotland. GREEN PEAS FOR THE MILLION.—A hawker stood with his barrow close to Temple-bar, on Tuesday, selling green peas, just arrived from Holland, at 6d. per quart, shelled. They met with a ready sale. The Directors of the Bank of England, at the meekly meeting on Thursday, resolved to advance the minimum rate of interest to 31 per cent. for bills not having more than 95 days to run. DEATH IN A CHURCH.—During the early 4.- - 'Ai el- A pans _lurch of Kensington, on - Sunday:an old;;;;Of 80, named Charles Fisher, a regular attendant in the free seats, dropped suddenly on the floor of the aisle, and expired. THE LATE HOMICIDE AT BRISTOL.—On Wednesday, the inquest on Catherine Welsh, who was killed by being thrown over some stairs by her husband, on Saturday week, was resumed at the King George Tavern. The jury returned a verdict of manslaughter. Lord John Russell has granted £lOO from the royal bounty, for the children of the late Thomas Hood, and it is believed that the pension so briefly enjoyed by the mother, will be renewed to them in June next. MAN ! Mr. Dyce Sombre has petitioned the that £6O per week is not enough for his comfortable support. We must add that Mr. Sembre only asks for ILI J I mone. "Yes," said the Child, laying his hands upon the elbows Suc W h II was the y great quantity of wild fowl in the metro of his little chair, and turning the old face towards Mr. politan poultry markets, that, on Wednesday, wild ducks Dombey s, " what is money ?" Mr. Dombey was in a were sold at ls. a couple, teal at 10d. a pair, and snipes at difficulty. He would have liked to give him some expla -4d each; while partridges were as low as Is. &a. a brace, nation involving tha terms circulating medium, currency, and hares Is. each. depreciation of currency,paper, bullion, rates of exchange, Amongst the novelties in the shape of joint-stock com value of precious metals in the market, and so forth ; but panies is one for insurance against theft, the company, looking down at the little chair, and seeing what a long for a premium of 205., undertaking to gua ran tee all loss way down it was, he answered: " Gold, and silver, and from peculation to the amount of £5O. copper; guineas, shillings. halfpence. You know what TEMPERANCE TROPHY. — The floor of a new temper they are ?' "Oh yes, I know what they are," said Paul. ance hall, opened at Cirencester, is composed of the staves " I don't mean that, Papa. I mean what's money after of demolished beer barrels—part of the property of a all ?" Heaven and earth, how old his face was as he defunct neig hbouring brewery. turned it up again towards his father's! " What is money On Wednesday, a Court of Directors was hel d at t h e after all!" said Mr. Dombey, backing his chair a little, East India House, when Lieutenant-General Sir Wil that lie might better gaze in sheer amazement at the pre- loughby Cotton, G.C.B. was appointed commander-in sumptuoDn.us. atom } that propounded 4-,,,.,-. D such p an nquiry. I es .1 rh 1........... .1. A., V , ...-..,.1 ..... i c... 1,1;...... 1 " ,:., chief of the Company's forces on the Bombay establish- mean, rapa, wnat can it no r returnea ram, mining nil ment. . . arms (they were hardly long enough to fold), and lobking A MoNSmß.—One night recently, a knacker, at East at the fire, and up at him, and at the fire, and up at him Henningfield, was discovered in the act of strangling a again. Mr. Dombey drew his chair back to its former horse. The wretch thrust hay into the poor creature's place, and patted him on the head. " You'll know better nostrils, and then choked it with a halter. Several vain by-and-bye, my man," he , said, `.Money, Paul, can do a b le horses in the neiolibourinf, ri.citurpq have. of late. anything." He took hold of the little hand, and beat it ;lied very mysteriously. The knacker is is custody. softly against one of his own as he said so. But Paul got OBSTINACY.—On Monday, an inquest was held at his hand free as soon as he could ; and rubbing it gently Ware on the body of a man who was run over by a train to and fro on the elbow of his chair, as if his wit was in at the level crossing near the station. The constable at the palm, and he were sharpening it—and looking at the the gate tried to prevent him from crossing the line, as a fire again, as though the fire had been his adviser and tra i n was i n s i ght ; b ut he struggled away, was knocked prompter, repeated, after a short pause : " Anything, Pa- down by the engine, and killed. pa?" "Yes. Anything—almost," said Mr. Dombey. The youthful Lord Bernard Howard, third son of the " Anything means everything, don't it, Papa ?" asked his Duke of Norfolk, died suddenly at Cairo on the 21st ult. son : not observing or possibly not understanding, the of congestion of the brain. He had been making arrange qualification. "It includes it : yes," said Mr. Dombey. ments f or a trip to Thebes, an d on returning to his hotel, " Why didn't money save me my mamma ?" returned the ran a little, and at the h o t e l-door fell down dead, and the child. "It isn't cruel, i s it ?" ' Cruel," said Mr. Dom- surgeon said his death occurred before he reached the bey, settling his nec k c l o th, an d seem i ng t o resen t the ground. idea.' " No. A good thing can't be cruel." "If it's a BULLION FOR THE BANK OF FRANCE. - With reference good thing and can do anything," said the little fellow, to the increase of bullion likely to appear in the next re thoughtfully, as he looked back at the fire, " I wonder turns of the Bank of France, we understand that the why it didn't save me my mamma." Mr. Dombey having amount of silver already purchased in this county does recovered from his surprise, expounded to him how that not exceed £430,000, and that of this only a very money, though a very potent spirit, never to be disparaged on any account whatever, could no t k eep people alive small proportion has as y e t b een sen t f orwar d. Th e balance, however, will most likely be despatched in a day whose time was come to die : and how that we must all die, unfortunately, even in the city, thou g h we were never or two. It is understood th a t th e di rec t ors contemp l ate so rich.—Dombey and Son. obtaining from Messrs. B ar i ng 10 , 000 , 0 00 f., i n add i tion to the advance lately agreed to. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. HORSESHOES. Hooseshoeing was not practised for THE REIGNING SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE. many general centuriesnor were aft er hoof-protectorsth e ho horse essentially e use; (From the _Deutsche Allyemeine Zeitung.) paved tracts and hard roads became more frequent than Of the 52 sovere i gns re i gn i ng i n Europe, two of them himself was necessary in verygen u they were in old times. The first foot defence of the h ave reac h ed their 70th year—the King of Hanover, the horse seems to have been copied from that of his master. oldest sovereign in Europe, since the death of Gregory It was a sort of sandal, commonly made of matting, rope, XVI., and the King of the French. Of the other sove or leather. The Emperor Nero, in his profusion, had reigns, 13 are betwe en 60 an d 70 years o f age, 1 4 f rom 50 his horses and mules shod with silver; and his empress, to 60,11 from 40 to 50, eight from 20 to 30, and two have Poppa, was not content with less than g o ld for the same not reached their 20th year, namely, the Queen of Spain, purpose. These sandals were very insecure, and were apt who is only 16 years 3 months, and the Prince of Waldeck, to be left sticking in the mud they . were, therefore, sel- who is not yet 16, Of all the sovereigns, the Prince of dom put on the animal for the whole journey, but only at Schaumburg-Lippe has reigned the longest of the time, if the worst places. Nor did they appear to have been ade- his minority be counted. He has reigned for nearly 60 quate to protect the hoof from injury ; for instance, when years. Two have reigned for more than 40 years, equally Mithridates was besieging the town of Cyzicus, in his counting their minority ; four from 30 to 40 years • nine Y from 20 to 30 years ; 21 from 10 to 20 years ; the 15'other first war against the Romans, he was obliged to send away his whole cavalry to Bithynia, be cause th e h orses ' hoofs sovereigns, of whom three ascended the throne during were all worn down, and their feet disordered.—The 1845, have not reigned more than 10 years. By counting Horse and his Rider. the reign from the date only of majority, not counting the ORIGIN OF BLIND MAN'S BUFF.—The French call years in which a sovereign was still a minor, the longest " blind man's buff " colin-maillard, and the following is reign is that of the Duchess of Parma, (32 years 7 months), the history of its origin : Father Maillard, a severe dis- as the Princes of Schaumbur-Lippe, of Lippe and ciplinarian, was the confessor of Charles VIII. This Schwarzburg Rudolstadt, and tle Duke of Saxe-Meinin prince had a female favourite named Carnelle. The fa- gen, reigned many years before the reached their ther, whose presence was not agreeable to her, oft en f oun d ma j ority. y her at supper with the king. In order 'that she might Six Sovereigns are unmarried, namely (independently have some mirth with him, and by d egrees induce him to of the Pope), the Grand Duke of Mechlenburg-Schwerin, take part in the romps and p as ti mes w hi c h h e disturbed, the Duke of Brunswick, the Princes of Reuss-Schleitz, she hit upon the idea of running away, while the king Iteuss-Ebersdorf, and of Waldeck. Th e Ki ng o f Hano was to catch her. " There is no art," s a id sh e , "i n ca t c h- ver, the Grand Dukes of Hesse and of Oldenburg, and the ing me, for you can run f as t er th an I can . But suppose Duke of Nassau, are widowers ; th e D uc h ess o f P ar ma i s that I were to tie something over your eyes." W e ll, d o a w i dow. The Sultan is a polygamist. The Elector of so," said the king, whom she used to call her Colin. She Hp sc p ,• ITll_ -n,. fifteen years ago, were A prisoner in Hertford gaol has died of erysipelas, supposed to have been produced from a serious cut from a cutlass, inflicted by one of the county police in cap turing the prisoner. The jury, at the coroner's inquest, thought that the officer had displayed excessive zeal ra ther than want of duty. It is said that a company is about to be formed in London for the erection of public ovens, on the same principle as the baths and wash-houses. The labouring poor will then be enabled to make their own bread, as pans and other requisites will be provided, and the baking performed at a trifling expense. The congregation of St. John's Chapel, Bedford-row, London, contributed on Sunday week the munificent sum of £1,240, and upwards, after sermons preached by the Hon. and Rev. B. W. Noel, and the Rev. J. G. Garrard, in aid of our destitute fellow-subjects in Ireland and Scotland. In consequence of the high price and scarcity of pota toes, the visiting justices of the Bucks county prison have ordered a substitution of carrots for potatoes in the dietary of the gaol. They have also expressed their de termination, in the event of the price of carrots being raised, to make a trial of rice likewise, as a similar sub stitute. Never since the establishment of horse-racing in Eng land have there been so many horses in training as there are at the present time. The entries for the various stakes, which closed on the Ist of January, are so numerically strong, as to leave-no doubt in the mind of even the most prejudiced person that the Bentinck rules have been pro ductive of all the good results which were anticipated by their founder. MRS: BUTLER (LATE FANNY KEMBLE.)—Mr. Bunn has made an offer of £5O a night to the lady named above to re-appear at the Drury-lane theatre. The sum is the highest ever paid to to Mrs. Siddons—Mrs. Butler's aunt ; but as Mrs. Butler demands £lOO per night, and Mr. Bunn cannot comply with such exorbitant terms, the negotiation which was opened has terminated unsatis factorily. The schoolmaster of the Chertsey Union was killed on Saturday week, by trying to jump from the carriage after it had started from the Weybridge station on the South Western line. Having been asleep, he did not hear the name of the station called out till after the train had started, when he tried to jump out, but his clothes catch ing in the carriages, he fell, and was killed almost instan taneously. SALE OF A WIFE.—A woman, named Harriet Trotter, was sold by her husband at the Corn Exchange, Shef field, on Tuesday, against her will. She and her husband had often quarrelled, and he threatened to kill her if she would not consent to- be sold by auction. The Mayor of Sheffield interfered before the woman was removed from the Corn Exchange and she was placed in custody, and warrants were issued for the apprehension of the husband. DESTITUTION IN IRELAND AND SCOTLAND.—The Bri tish Association Fund for the relief of the distress in Ireland and Scotland, at the head of which stands the Queen's name, that of the Qtieen Dowager, Prince Albert, &c., has already reached upwa r ds o f £40,000; in addition to which there is the Famine Relief Fund, so successfully set on foot by the National Club, which amounts to between £7OOO and £BOOO, and is daily receiving fresh subscriptions. NOTICE TO QUIT ! —Lord Grey has sent despatches to thei;appointments for six years and more, informing them that he will observe the rule which was laid down by Sir George Murray, when Secretary of State for the Colonies, viz., that six years shall be the duration of a governor's appointment. His lordship, it is said, has also intimated that the successors of such governors will be forthwith appointed, and may be expected within three months from the receipt of the despatches. _ _ _ REVIVAL OF LETTERS OF MARQUE.—A novel depart ment of business was commenced on Thursday in the eastern part of the metropolis, in the shape of the opening of an office for the purpose of granting letters of marque and reprisal, according to the decrees of the Mexican Government, against the United States. This sounds strange to the ears of the " new generation," and will doubtless bring back painful recollections to those who remember the palmy days of legal buccaneering. The Spectator judiciously reminds persons feeling disposed to comply with this invitation, that they had better read the message of President Polk, in which he declares that cer tain privateers will be treated as pirates. BUCKS MAGISTRATES V. THE GAME LAWS.—At the recently held Epiphany Quarter Session, at Aylesbury, two of the magistrates expressed their disapprobation of the Game Laws. The Rev. J. Pigott " considered them detestable laws, and that they were incentive to crime ;" and said if he had been a poor man, he believed he should have been a poacher. Mr. John Lee, LL.D., of Hart well-park, placed the following motion on the book for the next session :—" That all expenses incurred in the prosecution of Game Law offenders shall be paid by the parties prosecuting, and not by the county ; and that the clerk of the peace be instructed to give an account of the number of persons convicted of such offences, with the expenses relating thereto from the year 1840 to 1846." GAOL PREFERRED TO HOME the journal of the assistant-chaplain of the county gaol read at the late Gloucestershire Sessions, it was stated that an old of fender, of th e name o f Wilkins, gave as his reason 'for his many appearances in the prison that he was much more comfortable there than at his own wretched dwel ling, and greatly preferred it ! A general impression of this kind prevails, and not without reason. Th e i nma t e of a prison, it is true, loses his liberty and undergoes some irksome labour, but as regards food, lodging, and moral improvement, he is better off than many honest indivi duals of the same station outside the walls.—We observe from the Chester Sessions report, that a feeling akin to that alluded to above, also prevails in that county. POOR-LAW MERCY.—At the petty sessions at Dedding ton, before Mr. J. Lechmere and the Rev. W. C. Risley, the overseer of North Aston applied for an order on Henry Nixon. to support his father. Nixon s lid he was unable to support his father, or he would. He earned nine shillings per week, and had worked on one farm for forty years : in the summer he was ill for nearly a quarter of a year, and, as the parish would not relieve him, he was obliged to get into debt ; this he had not yet been able to pay. He was a widower, and had four children, one of whom kept his house, and the rest were away. The over seer said he made the application by order of the Board of Guardians. The magistrates refused to make an order on the defendant, and dismissed the case. They ordered the overseer to pay the poor man for his day's work. DEATH OF A CHILD THROUGH MEDICINE TAKEN BY THE MOTHER.—On Thursday, an inquest was held in London, on the body of a child ten weeks old. Mary Anne Bromfield, the mother, stated that she was unwell from her recent confinement, and that she took some pills which caused excessive salivation. She continued to suckle the deceased, but the infant soon got affected with the pills, which she (the mother) had taken, and notwith standing every care the child died. Other evidence was given of a similar nature, and the jury returned the fol lowing verdict :—" That the deceased died from the effects of mercury imbibed through the mother's milk, she having been in a state of salivation, by taking two antibilious pills, containing not quite two grains of mer cury. At the same time, we do not find that blame was attributable to any person." PRICE OF MUSLIN.—A gentleman connected with an extensive manufacturing establishment in Paisley, when looking over some papers a few days ago, met with a let ter from the correspondent of the house in London, con taining the following curious information. The letter is dated the 17th of April, 1790, the period when the muslin trade was first commenced in Scotland, and the following is an extract :—" We have as yet sold o n ly one p i ece of our muslins, for which we have received the cash, with many good wishes for our success. We undertand that fine muslins are most in demand. and Co. sold a piece of Scotch muslin last Saturday, containing 10 yds., for £15., being 30s. per yard." The letter goes on re ferring to the prices paid for tamboured muslin • but the price stated for plain is by far the most remarkable. part of its contents.—Glasgow Chronicle. THE IRONMASTERS' MEETING AT BIRMINGHAM, THURSDAY.—The usual quarterly meeting of the iron trade took place in the Town-hall here to-day. The from wißtheigithuefialewgietriegr t makers seemed to be, that there had been an at tempt t r i c t e h s e a g p r r e e e s d e n t o t at T th h e elastgeneral meeting neralimp w re e a r s e ie f n ull a y m m e a n i g n s t t ain th ed e considered good, but these were dependent on the adher en movementc e any yexisting advance vn a nthme p i or ov c n e e s r- t ; er xa d a n s etd of fg wes such are caht e as able B t a o r character-a n r o n na o s u w n t o c a es war rant, r o e n : tfoorrairiosen. pricesTh e inconsistent orders thmeapt demand made the best possible authority, that th ere i s no t t h e slightest mate _'rom ss. to ss. 6d. better than at the last quarter -day. The present prices of coal are not likely to suffer any diminution at present, such being 3igs are felt in supplying the fluttiees The general trade of the district ie him and satisfactory. EXTRACTION h INHALATIONe° r y 1 ias TEETHj u O e R f FI n NEG s T u i aTH E c:c E FCTS u T I h y P eE PRO DUCEDiv applied , a d practice by Mr. Lewellin, dentist, Glasgow. The subject of the experiment was a young gentleman of about 23 years of age. The inhalation was continued for a dura tion of two minutes, although in ordinary cases a much shorter time might suffice, as owing to a slight misconcep tion on the part of the patient, the inhalation was con verted into a swallowing process. Of course the casualty had nu objectionable effect beyond that of increasing the time necessary to produce the state required. During the inhalation, the pulse of the patient rose from 64 to 80, and his face became slightly flushed, yet not the least ap pearance of a paroxysm of coughing ensued, as was ob served in the American experiments. His sensibility as to surrounding objects, as well as to the nature of the operation, was, however, undiminished, yet, notwith standing the seeming inconsistency, the removal of the tooth (a molar in the upper jaw) was effected without causing the slightest pain or inconvenience of any kind. THE HYDROPATHIC SYSTEM. — On Friday an inquest was held, at Enfield, near London, on the body of Martha Hobbs, aged 20, whose death was alleged to have taken place through hydropathic treatment. Eliza Ronsell, servant to Mr. Swanwick, Chase Sida, Enfield, said the deceased was in the same service up to Tuesday week. She had not been in good health since last September. She was able to go about her work till last Monday fort night, when she complained that she had a cold. On Monday she was in a state of delirium. On the following day she was worse. The next day she was removed to her aunt's, a Mrs. Betts, and erysipelas made its appear ance on her face and the side of her head. She took hy. dropathic remedies, such as putting on a night cap which was wet with tepid water, and kept so day and night. Dr. Lovell, attended deceased. The evidence of a sur geon who made a post nzortem examination, went to prove that the immediate cause of death was inflamation of the pericardium. The treatment which deceased re ceived was most injudicious. The Coroner summed up the evidence, when the jury, after about two hours' con sultation, returned a verdict of manslaughter against Dr Lovell as principal, and Mrs. Bell as accessory. The inquiry lasted seven hours.—John Bull. AWFUL DISTRESS IN DENTON.—The distress -in the hatting business in Denton, near Ashton-under-Lyne, is such, that the population of this once prosperous village were never in so distressed a state as at present ; indeed, there are many famijies who are literally starving to death, and whose haggard and puny appearance cannot but strike every beholder. STRIKE AMONG THE MINERS IN SOUTH STAFFORD SHIRE.—SeveraI meetings have of late been held by large numbers of the colliers in South Staffordshire, the object of which was to concert measures for a general strike, in the event of the masters refusi ng t o acce d e to then:de mands of continuing the present rates of wages for two hours less work a day. The masters have had several meetings also on the subject, and seem determined to re sist the demand. Should the price of coal be further ad vanced—and this would be the inevitable result of a strike —the sufferings of the poor in the midland counties, in the present inclement and very severe season, will be dreadful. Worth-Park House, the .seat of Joseph Montefiore, Esq., the eminent merchant, was completely destroyed by fire at an early hour on Tuesday morning, The mansion contained thirty-two different rooms. The contents of the library were entirely destroyed, as well as the whole of the furniture in the upper rooms. Most of the rare plants were rescued from the conservatory, and a number of large looking-glasses were saved. It is impossible at present to tell the exact amount of property that has been consumed, but it must reach at the lowest several thousand pounds. The proprietor was insured for only £4700, viz.:—£3ooo on the mansion, and £l7OO on the furniture. At five o'clock on Wednesday evening, the ruins were still smouldering. BEER FROM SUGAR.—A well-informed and intelligent writer, who appears to have exhausted the subject in a pamphlet entitled " Good and cheap Beer for the Million, by the Use of Sugar and Molasses in Public Breweries," suggests that sugar may be used, together with barley, in the proportion of one to four or five, with an improve ment to the flavour. As the total quantity of malt used in brewing and distilling annually is about 4,500,000 quarters, this would release about 1,125,000 quarters of barley for food. A quarter of malt is generally considered to have its equivalent in 1801 b. of sugar, or about 2601 b. of molasses. This quantity of malt, therefore, would be equivalent to 92,000 tons' of sugar ; an addition to. our present supply which, we think it scarcely necessary to observe, we are not likely to procure early enough to be of serious assistance in our present emergency. If sugar could be procured sufficient to release half-a-million of quarters, that is quite as much as could be expected ; and even this is a relief not to be despised. EXTRAORDINARY DECEPTION.—An affair has just oc curred at Salisbury, which excited, first much consterna- ..ucL nal ua gi cat, in among the inhabi tants of that city. The neighbourhood of Castle-street was alarmed on Saturday morning by cries of " Murder" from the residence of the Rev. Mr. New, and on entering the house Mr. New was seen in a state of great excite ment, with a carving knife in his hand, with which he said some burglars had just stabbed the servant girl, who had alarmed the family by her screams. The house had apparently been ent ere d b y th e b ac k d oor, and bundles were tied up as if for removal. The neighbours searched the house and the adjoining houses in vain, and as the girl had a few days previously given an improbable ac count of an attack on her by a robber, the police inspec tor searched her box, and there found several articles the property of Mr. New. The stab she had received with the carving knife, which was found by Mr. New sticking in her, was very slight. She was examined before the magistrates, and remanded. At the Thames Police-court, on Tuesday week, Colonel Richard Wright, described as Consul-General for Ecu ador, was charged at the instance of Inspector Evans with an infringement of the Foreign Enlistment Act, in con nexion with the late Flores expedition. The chief wit ness was Mr. Harvey Garnett Phipps Tuckett, late of the 11th Hussars ; who deposed to the enlistment of sol diers under the name of emigrants. Mr. Tuckett had himself engaged with Colonel Wright to join the expedi tion as lieutenant-colonel, at a pay of £2O a month. He had received an advance of £5O ; but the vessel in which he was to have sailed being seized, and considering that he had not been handsomely treated, he laid the informa tion on which the proceedings were founded. Mr. Tuc kett admitted, on cross-examination, that he had been a party to the framing and publishing . •of two documents which were read, holding out fine promises to " emi grants," and which he knew to contain false statements. Colonel Wright was held to bail, himself in £4OO, and two sureties in £2OO each. Colonel Wright was again brought up on Tuesday, and again remanded. He has been since committed to take his trial. PAINLESS SURGICAL OPERATIONS. - Guy's Hospital on Tuesday was crowded to excess by members of the me dical profession from all parts of the metropolis and from the country, to witness the results of two surgical opera tions under the new process of inhalation of ether. The first case was that of a boy, 12 or 14 years of age, for litho tomy (or stone). When brought into the theatre and bound as usual, Mr. Robinson, of Gower-street, the in ventor of the apparatus, offered the pipe for inhalation to the patient. At first he refused to be operated upon, on account of the many persons present. By some tact the pipe was introduced, the nose closed, and in two minutes Mr. Robinson said the patient was ready. The operation then commenced, and in one minute more the stone was removed by Mr. Morgan, the operator. The boy removed to his bed ; and on being visited by the surgeons, and on being shown the stone, " Ah," said he, " you never took that from me, I knows, as I never felt it." The next case was still more extraordinary. The patient was a man about 30 years of age, suffering from congenital hernia, the operation for which is, perhaps, the most severe and prolonged in. surgery. When brought into the operating theatre, he readily took the " vapour." From four to five minutes the word was given to Mr. Key, the operator in this instance, by Mr. Robinson, to commence the opera tion. From the commencement to the completion of the operation, the patient was under the knife from 15 to 20 minutes. On his recovering he was asked by those around him if he had felt pain, and replied " Not in the least ; he had been looking at those gentlemen outside, up there." He alluded to numbers who could not gain admittance, and had availed themselves of the skylight of the theatre. [On Thursday, Mr. Parker, of Kirkdale, operated on a boy nine years of age, for the removal of squinting, after producing insensibility, by the inhalation. The experi ment was completely successful.] THE SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION Or COTTON FOR 1846 AND 1847. (For the Boston Daily Advertiser.) Within a few months there has been a large advance on the previous prices of cotton. This has not been caused by a scarcity of that commodity in the markets of con sumption. It is true that the stocks in Europe have de creased, but they are litrger than at any former period, except the two or three past years. They are so large that if our crop should fall below any of the estimates which have been made of it, still the supplies for 1847 would far exceed the quantity required for consumption. If this is a correct view of the case, then the late rise of prices, predicated as it has been on the belief that the supply for 1846 will fall short of the consumption, cannot, upon commercial principles, be permanently maintained. In the season of 1843-1844, there was, as will long be remembered by many persons who dealt extensively in cotton, an augmentation of some thirty or forty per cent. on its previous prices. This advance was not a natural— a legitimate one ; it was caused--first, by the circulation of grossly erroneous estimates of the crop, as was subse quently shown by its returns ; secondly, by an ignorance of, or by an utter disregard to, those facts in the case, a knowledge of which should regulate the prices of commo dities, namely, the extent of the supply as compared with the demand for them. Under the influence of the misrepresentations or mis takes of persons dealing in cotton, prices in 1843-44 were enormously increased, but they were not long maintained. Nor can the late advance in prices be long maintained, so far as it may reasonably be attributed to the current belief, on the part of a portion of the community, that the supply of cotton will fall short of its consumption. The early estimates of the cotton crop, which for obvious reasons, are never entitled to much confidence, were extremely discouraging, but not more so than those which have generally been placed before the public by parties who have an interest in raising the price of that staple, As the season advanced, every estimate from the cotton oes region has been more favourable than the preceding ones . According to a statement made up by a responsible and e respectable house in Savannah, which appeared tecrop in the papers was papers some weeks since, the out-turn then placed at 2,175,000 bales. A continuance of the weather for picking , together with rapidly increasi ng receipts of cotton at the ports of shipment, seem to encourage a belief that the crop will transcend the quality. But it is said that the crop is short. This we admit. But what does that term imply but an out-turn below an average one. Seven years since the crop amounted to 2,177,835 bales. The cultivation of cotton, as is shown by annual returns, has inc rease d at the rate , of about 7 per cent. per annum. The cotton producing ability of the country may, then, be considered as equal to something more than 3,000,000 of bales. That, however, would be considered as a redundant crop. If, however, we take 2,500,000 bales, which is only 122,000 more than the crop of 1842-43, then 2 ,200,000 bales may reasonably be con sidered as a very short crop. Nevertheless, in order to be within bounds, we shall assume 2,100,000 as the product of the present season. The cotton season ends the 31st August, and we shall, therefore, take the stocks on hand here and in Europe at that date, in forming an estimate of the supply for 1846. Supply of Cotton for Europe and the United States, for 1846. Stock on hand in the ports of Europe, 31st BALES. August, 1846, Ditto in United States ports ditto ditto - 107,122 Imports into Europe from countries other than the United States, Crop of the United States, 2,100,000 3,664,245 Consumption, Great Britain, France, 400,000 Continent of Europe, exclusive of France, United States, 460,000- 2,780,000 Stock on hand 31st August, 1847, - - 884,245 The consumption of Europe is based upon the expecta tion that prices will not be augmented beyond those paid, the past six months, by the manufacturers of Great Bri tain and France. If there is any considerable advance on these prices, it is pretty certain there will be a diminished consumption. H. L. Novemberl3, 1846. Ma. EDITOR :—A writer in your journal, under date of the 13th inst., after informing the public of a fact, which had already acquired some notoriety, viz., that an advance in cotton had taken place, uncertakes to show that "upon Jan. If, 1847. commercial principles, the late rise in prices cannot be permanently maintained." - For this purpose he assumes, notwithstanding the mast of evidence against it, that the present crop will amount to 2,100,000 bales, and that with this crop, added to the production in other countries and to the stocks in all the ports on the 31st August last, and estimating the con-. sumption of the world at 2,780,000 bales for the twelve following months, that the stock on the 31st August, 1847, will be 884,245 bales. This is well as far as it goes, but let us look a little further. Supposing the crop of the present year to have reached its various points of destina tion by the 30th August, 1847, there mast necessarily be a lapse of three or four months before supplies can be de rived from a new crop. Taking therefore the consump tion at the figures assumed by the writer above alluded to, say in round numbers at 232,000 bales per Month, it would amount from the 31st August to the 31st Decem ber, the usual time for taking the stock in Europe,. to 928,000 bales, or 44,000 bales more than his accumulated stock on the 31st August, out of his abundant supply for 1847. We will allow 100,000 bales of the new crop, the growth of 1847, to reach the different ports of consurnp= tion by the Ist January, 1848, and in that case the stock in all the ports on the 31st December, 1847, will amount,. agreeably to H. L.'s own figures to 56,000 bales, against a stock in the ports of Europe on the 31st December,. 1845, of 1,219,000 bales.. It appears to me therefore that your intelligent corre spondent could not have thoroughly examined this im portant subject, when he made the assertion alluded to in the first part of this com munication, It would be very easy to go into other arguments and statistics to show, not only that the Tate advance in prices is well founded, but that it is likely to be permanent from the fact that the consumption has overtaken the growth. —But I will not trespass upon your valuable room to prove what must be so apparent to every one.. I will only al. lude in conclusion to the critical position the Cotton ma nufacturers throughout the world would be placed in, should any serious disaster occur to our r*Xt crop ; and ventu.e the opinion that a liberal augmentation of prices on their part at this time would be judicialt.o poliey, in orde, to stimulate the production of Cotton wherever it can be grown, the low rates for a few years past having unquestionably led to an abandonment of its culture to a considerable extent. S. H. F. November 28th. A writer in your paper (S. H. F.) in commenting on an estimate of the supply and consumption of cotton, pub lished in your journal of the 17th November, says‘ that the stock in all the ports, on the 31st of December, 1847, will amount, agreeably to H. L.'s own figures, to 56,000 bales." If this is a correct view of the case, the supply of cotton in Europe and this country will be reduced to about one week's consumption at the close of the ensuing year, on the supposition that our crop should prove to be 2,100,000 bales. But it is intimated by your corresondent that we have over estimated the crop. We admit that,, at this moment, opinions of many intelligent persons, deeply interested in the purchase and sale of cotton, are in favor of 2,000,000 bales ; while some estimates go down to 1,900,000 bales. If the crop should prove to be only 2,000,000 bales, then according to the a n ti c i pat i ons of S. H. F., the supply of this important material of ma nufacture will be exhausted before the termination of the approaching year. Your correspondent alludes to "the critical position in which cotton manufacturers will be placed should any serious disaster occur to our next crop." If, however, the construction put upon our statement is a correct one, the manufacturers are already in a very critical condition; for, should there be even a moderate degree of apprehen sion abroad that the stock will be reduced to a week's supply, the holders of cotton would be unwise to part with it at prices short of double the existing ones. Even with a reasonable prospect of a.reductiom of stock to two month's consumption, a material which gives employ ment to so much capital and labour would be considered an object of safe speculation at prices far in advance of the current ones. But the estimate of H. L. is not susceptible of the con. struction given to it by your correspondent. The error proceeds from the adoption of our figures for the supply and demand for twelve months. With this correction your correspondent will arrive at the same result as the one which has been the subject of his remarks. It is contended by S. H. F. that " consumption has overtaken growth." Such is the fact, but it should be borne in mind that the present and the past crops are some three or four hundred thousand of hales below what might be considered as an average out-turn, and nearly a million of bales below what might be deemed a luxuriant crop. Secondly, it should be recollected that the stock in Europe has been so much in excess of. the.usual quan tity, as to have made up for a deficiency in our crops. If, however, the season of 1847-1848 should, as your correspondent intimates, be an unfavourable one, as much so as the two past ones, and consumption is not curtailed by high prices —then prices may hereafter range higher than the existing ones. Again, your correspondent says, that in view of the facts of the case, prices ought to be higher than those heretofore current. We think he is right ; but the ques tion is as to de . gree. It seems to be overlooked in many of the discussions upon cotton, that the present prices are from 50 to 60 per cent. higher than those paid in the season of 1843--1844—at least by those persons who abstained from purchasing during the continuance of the gambling mania, which, for a short period, carried up prices fifty per cent. above the subsequent , prices paid for it. In the article sent you, it has not been contended that present, or even higher prices would not be paid for cotton during the season. There is, indeed, reason to suppose they will go higher, since whatever may be the facts in the case, and the reasonings upon them, if those who hold cotton, and those who are in want of it, believe it to be lower than it is likely to be hereafter, wityz.wiii go on rising so long as that belief continues to exist. - The prices of cotton, it may not be amiss to remark, are now from 10 to 15 percent. higher than shipments to England will net, according to prices current on the 18th November. But the accounts are not very encouraging for a permanent maintenance of prices. A letter-from a London correspondent engaged in importations of cotton from India, writes as follows :—" Our cotton market keeps buoyant on speculation, but unless your crop falls short of two millions of bales, I do not think our con sumption likely to reduce our stock so as to maintain prices. On the other hand, if the reports of a diminished crop should prove to be exaggerated, we shall have a re action from the present excitement." The remarks in the circular of Messrs. Baring and C 0.,, whose statements and opinions we have heretofore found to have been trustworthy, are in concurrence with those of our correspondent. "The stock at the close of, the year (says the circular) will be moderate, but the state of trade in the manufacturing districts is far from satisfac tory. The twist market has declined, and a dull winter is expected. If the crops of the United States do not exceed 2,000,000 bales, we think present prices• may be supported for a time, in the face of the expected under current of increasing value of money." • In a letter from a shipping-house in Manchester, there is the following passage : " A struggle has been main tained between buyer and seller of goods ; the former seeing no prospect of remuneration in the foreign mar ket, but from low prices ; whilst the latter has to contend with almost daily increasing rates for the raw material. A remedy for both can be found in a reduction of time and labour, at once giving confidence to the exporter of goods, and a check to the speculation, in cotton. We are happy to say that such a movement is now more than probable, for already several mills in the district have commenced running short time." Other accounts, however, take a somewhat more cheer ing view of manufacturing prospects. In this country, manufacturing prospects are not better th a n th ose tn England, unless there should be an advance on the pre sent prices of cotton fabrics,—and such a cl we apprehend, likely soon to take place December 4, 1846. Lange is not, H.L. MR. EDITOR ,—In commenting upon an article in your recento controvert a position rise in th e pr i ce of journal of the 17th November last, over the signature of " H. L." my object .te w r assumed by that wri ,atshatsimthpely to cotton was not founded upon _commercial principles, and could not, therefore, be permanently maintained. I should not have troubled you further upon this sub ject, but for the appearance of another article in your paper of the 12th instant from the same pen, in which the writer (though he has changed or modified his previous views) attributes to me "an error in the adoption of his figures " in relation to the supply and demand for 12 months, stating that I had allowed for a consumption for 16 months, while he would give the impression to the casual reader that I had given a supply but for 12 months. If " H. L." will refer to my former article, he will find that I took for the supply, "for the additional four months," the stock which he estimated would remain on, hand at the end of his 12 months—say the 31st August— and added thereto the probable supply that could be derived from the new crop, prior to the 31st December, 1847. If "H. L." can point out any other source from which a supply can be obtained between the 31st August and 31st December, I will cheerfully admit that I have met his argument unfairly ; but if he cannot, I must maintain that I have assumed correct grounds. It is true that the cotton, the production of the p resent year may not, as assumed by the above-named wr i ter, reach the ports at the period he has fixed upon ; but this is of no consequence so far as the main point in the argument is concerned. If it should not have so arrived, his stock, of course, will be so much the less on the 31st August next as there may be in transitu or remaining in the shipping ports. While upon this subject, I will trespass a little further upon your courtesy by calling the attention of the manu facturers and others interested to the fact, that at the last visitation of the caterpillar before this, it extended its ravages over two crops—viz., 1840 and 1841—reducing the production of these two years respectively from 2,177,000 bales in 1839 to 1,635,000 and 1,685,000 bales. The general mildness of our weather thus far corresponds with that in 1840 ; and it is much to be feared that the germ of the enemy may not be destroyed. But perhaps it is premature to speculate upon so sad an event, as should consider any disaster to our next crop to be. "H. L. has kindly furnished us with extracts from respectable English letters, which show certainly that the state of trade is not in as prosperous a condition as tha manufacturers desire. But this matter will probably be remedied by lessening the production of goods and yarns —a proceeding which must necessarily take place, from deficiency in the raw material, as there is little hope of our crops reaching 1,900,000 bales. In reply to the remarks of " H. L." with regard to the comparative prices of cotton, I would ask him this ques tion—What reduced the price in Liverpool of fair uplands from 7d. per lb. (which was about the standard for years, oftener above than below it,) to 4d. per lb. ? His answer will be, I presume—An over accumulation of stock. That accumulation being now removed, why should not prices be restored to their former equilibrium, even with an average crop ? S. 11. F. • Savannah, December 16th, 1846. bows - p:. name i from 41,'10t0 keret' t Ann 'Genoa SAtt 'Calcut ders, Staten leans -LallE 'Geodh Jane son, L Girgen mi ( SAIL Euclid, lacia, Trump Zobert Mch, John Thoma Geor The John, PAD sailed 1 day a fi edge. 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