The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-11-20 00:00:00

OBSERVANCE OF THE SABBATH. The following has been addressed to the Directors of Corn. panics, whose regulations infringe on the rest of the Sab. bath, and the edi►or of the STANDARD is requested to give ii a place in his columns : Liverpool, Nov. 16th, 1838. We, the undersigned, painfully convinced of the growing contempt fur the authority of God, exhibited in the desecra tion of the Lord's day, feel it an imperative duty to make a public protest against certain proceedings with which this town is connected. No country has been blessed with more eminent prosperity than England, and no town in England has had a larger share of prosperity than Liverpool; the greater, therefore, are our obligations to the Giver of all goodness, the heavier are our responsibilities for the improvement of these advan tages, and if under such obligations and resFonsibilities we should shrink from raising our testimony against proceed ings which insult the Majesty of Heaven and disgrace the morality of a Christian land, we should be careless of our country's welfare, as well as false to that Saviour whose name, as Christians, we profess to bear. It has pleased God, who so loved the world that lie gave Ilis only begotten Son to die for our sins, to command that one day in seven shall he set apart, in order that man may both rest from bodily labour, and also give his mind in au especial manner to the worship and service of God and the concerns of his eternal peace. The Sabbath, therefore, is an appointment of Divine love and benevolence, but it is like wise a command. Not less in Sovereign Majesty than in tender love, God has expressely commanded—`' The seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man -servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates ; that thy man-servant and thy maid-servant may rest as well as than."—Deut. v. 14. Wherefore it is not depen dant on individual inclination or convenience whether we accept or decline the proffered boon of a day of rest; the honour of the Divine Lawgiver is involved, so that if the Sabbath be not received as a blessing, it must be observed as a command, and it is at the peril of doing dishonour to the Lord, and bringing condemnation on his own soul, that any one dares to nullify this divine appointment. ViewA in this light, the deliberate profanation of the Sab bath becomes a direct insult on our God and Saviour. It is, moreover, a fearful criterion of alienation of heart and re bellion against God, inasmuch as this observance has been declared to be an evidence ansi proof of allegiance to God : —" I gave them my Sabbath to be a sign between the and them, that they might know that - I am the Lord that sanctify them."—Ezek. xx. 12. If such be the case under any circumstances,what an alarm ing aspect does the desecration of the Sabbath assume, when it emanates not from the private and personal agency of indi viduals, but from the combined operation of public and asso ciated bodies; the guilt then acquires a national character, indicates a national defiance of the Most High; and it be. comes the ministers of a national church to stand forward and resist its desolating progress. We do not deny that in some respects the observance of the Lord's-day by individuals has improved of late years — but late years have seen the contrary evil exhibit the charac ter of a more determined defiance of God than has been dis played in individual transgression. « e speak of the open, deliberate, and systematic violation of the day of God by public bodies, associated for combined exertion and mutual co-operation in matters of commerce. It is the avowed, de termined, regularly appointed desecration of the Lord's-day by the estahlshed regulations of the ltailaav, Steam-packet, and other companies in this town, that calls orth the present protest : and we exhort the parties implicated to reflect, that whatever influence they hold in their private and personal relationals, whatever weight they possess (rein individual character, as well as whatever importance they have acquired by combined commercial co-operation, these are all employed in giving sanction to an open and deliberate violation of the lay of God. Recent occurrences furnish but too painful an indication of the progress of evil complained of. We allude (and we do so with feelings of the strongest and most decided animad version) first to the public profanation of the Sabbath, when not long since an Ambassador from the French Court visited this place. On that occasion a Government vessel was officially provided for a Sabbath day's excursion, and a rail road train extraordinary kept in waiting for the convenience of the party. to the still further desecration of the Lord's day; and, secondly, to the proceedings which took place on board the " Liverpool" steam-packet, during its late experi mental trip to Dublin—proceedings which can be designated by no milder term than a reproach to a Christian community. The collecting • crowd on the Sabbath by posting bills, the public exhibition of the vessel by the sale of admission tickets, the public dinner and consequent excitement so repugnant to the sanctity of the holy day, not to mention the vessel's departure on her way home—all these proceedings on the Sabbath are so offensive to all Christian feeling and so utterly at variance with the commands of God, that we feel bound to protest against them in the most absolute and unqualified Maaller. The plea upon which the deliberate and habitual violation of the Sabbath by public companies is defended, is, that commercial expediency and the convenience of the public render the regulations complained of absolutely necessary. This, though the most specious, is in truth the most untenable ground upon which the matter can be placed—for it is as much as to maintain that because the public determine to oppose God's command, by pursuing their business or their pleasure beyond the limits which lle has wisely assigned, therefore we are not merely justifiedin sanctioning, but a►e posit ively under an obligation to expedite their unlawful traffic or amusement. But can the convenience of the crea ture for a moment stand in competition ►with the command of the Creator? can any possible amount of commercial expe diency justify a deliberate violation of the laws of the liv►ng God? or, are the interests of this life to supersede the glory of the Divine Redeemer and wan'►s everlasting interests in the life to come? That there is guilt very heavy guilt, is 'but too palpable, nor does the sanction of a company lessen the amount of lia bility resting upon the individuals concerned. The collective agency of an associate body does not in any measure dimin ish individual responsibility; '' Every one of us shall give account of himself to God." Neither let it be forgotten that besides individual, there is a national guilt attaching to these practises, whereby the long-suffering of God is provoked, and the judginents of his severe displeasure called down upon our land; "My Sabbaths they greatly polluted, then 1 said I would pool out nly fury upon them in the wilderness to con sume them."—Ezek. xx. 13. We, therefore, as clergymen of the Church of Eng land, and ministers of that Gospel which secures "glory to Go•l in the highest, and on earth peace, good will, towards men," protest, most unequivocally, against the past proceedings, and the existing regulations of public companies, whereby dishonour is done to the glory of God, interruption is occasioned to the peace of the Sab bath, and hindrance offered to the salvation of men ; and most earnestly entreat that measures may be imme diately and effectually devised to put a stop to practices so absolutely indefensible in their own character, so dis honourable to the professing Christians of our country, and so full of unspeakable peril to the souls of all by whom they are now patronised and continued. T. TYFFERSLIALL, D.D. Minister of St. Augustine's Everton. HUGH MeN El LE, M.A. Minister of St. Jude's Church. It. P. BIIDDICOM, M.A. Minister of St. George's, Everton. FREDERICK BARKER, B.A. Incumbent of St. Mary's, Edge Hill. W. MAYNARD, B.A. Minister of the Mariner's Church. FIELDING OULD, B.A. Minister of Christ Church. CHARLES W. LAWRENCE. Chaplain of St. Luke's Church. HENRY CARPENTER, B.A. Minister of St. Michael's Church. ROBERT DAVIES, M.A. Minister of St. David's Church. JOHN ELLISON BATES, M.A. Assistant Minister of St. Bride's. RICHARD DAVIES, M.A. Curate of St. David's. DAVID JAMES, .Minister of St. Mary's, Kirkdale. ANDREW KNOX, Perpetual Citrate of St. Mary's, Birkenhead, Cheshire. WILLIAM J. PURDON, Incumbent of St. Anne's, Aigburth. PRINCE CRAWFORD, M.A. Curate of St. Mark's. J. B. CONNOR. M.A. Curate of Christ Church, & Chaplain to Lord , DOwnes. H. S. JOSEPH, Chaplain of the Workhouse. JAMES KELLY, M.A. Minister of St. Si non's. A. McCONKEY, ALA Minister of All Saints. THOMAS BYRTE - 1, Rector of Wallasey. DUTIES ON WEST INDIA SUGARS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL ST.4NI4RD. Ste,—As probably you may be aware the additional duty i mposed upon West India sugars during the war, and thence called the ("war duty,") which was to have been withdrawn 41 peace, has certainly thereto continued up to the present ti me, and with which the West India planter has had to strug- R;e during many years of the agitation for negro emanripation, and at the same time to labour. under the disadvantegeof e ther na ti ons illi c itly carr yin g on the slave trade, after E•rig ,lod had abolished •it•in all her dependencies; these,it may he conceived, were grievartees" of - considerable magnitUde—_ 8 , !9l the planter has been doomed to suffer aggravated hard ',Nit and may with truth add manifest injury by the unpin c'Pled agitation, which has had the effect of frustrating the Prospective arrangements on his estate, kind robbing hint, On th e Ist of August last, of what he was legally entitled to by 4 't of parliament uetil 1840. Though he were patiently to e i _ 4 dure the wrong, and bear up against these multiplied hard- A ''Pa, are the legislature and executive less culpable, in l'ilhholding timely and commensurate redress. It does ap- Peer tome, that the planter is most reasonably entitled to an thlrnediate an amle redction o duty and whout wich I rear th ere i s d little p chance u fur the West , India planter h con , oing his cultivation at the rate of wages as the late ap- Fre • that olices are demanding. It is alsoof the utmost importance government should relieve the refiners from the suspense olts latent intention, relative to the drawback, which oper tes most injuriously, by restricting and limiting the refiner the bounds of the hurtful caution it impos e s, and tends 4 1 ; Place the refitting trade in the hands of foreiguers; and 1, 80 Prevents refining s u g ars finding their adequate value in h "e mark e t, an d t h a t t oo at th e t i me t h e W es t I n di a p l anters "'NI th e utmost returns. N I ant informed, sir, that there is an association of West India ° Prieters in Liverpool; if so, I think they will deem it ex "rent to call a public meeting t o con s ider and resolve tin a mem or i a l t o governmen t t o re d uce t h e d uty on sugar lirti',„ G, at all events to the extent of the addition imposed in war—and it would be advisable to petition at the same e for a mail steamer to be stationed at New York, in con frl"ion with those from England, to convey letters to and ca nt the West Indies in the least possible time. Such a fr,'eYance, even were it for government despatches atone, those islands, must he of the utmo s t impo r t ance a t this i e4i ettire: w h en t h e success f u l t rans iti on to f reedom mus t k e , 4l Y depend upon the energy and promptitude of the home e e ,, e rOrnent in applying all requisite incentives thereto. If ti q , er ntnent be able to contract with private individuals for te tl ance, all well, but no delay should be suffered in ac i;l'llshing this desirable object. 41 % I las often occurred to me with what great advantage Itt itt e of our convicts (a limited number) might have been r e 4ut to the \Vest Indies, especially Jamaica, to make good tssdrain all the marshy grounds—and open the dense ,t1 ( 1 ,", s of i forests; where unhealthy vapours are generat,d 441,sis n time, make Jamaica, and the other islands, as t"rt"Y as any part of the w o rld. I shall be glad, if by in eet' of this fetter vou succeed in drawing the attention ' Dartie s interesitid to this matter. A WEST INDIA PLANTEN. TIIE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL sTANDARD. Ti4zrA, the Iwo men, w na hicmhed in Ihe statement, ent l illed ; a 4. 1" rly Conduct," appeared in the Liverpool i TuPsda m y last, have been by some person. supposed tg4t- they of th e above society. on account of their s a y ing Itn r , ' e Y were employed by a "society whose object was Rzeu~trss vice, and reclaim females of bad, character," 1) ,.Y the way, I apprehend, was merely a:suineil as an y„,."ir being found in such disgraceful circumstances; ' t !Ur therefore, kindly permit ine, through the medium of Crt , i ,! .. Per, to state, that - those disorderly men neither are, i re "; connected with the " Liverpool Society fur claiming Unfortunate Females," the management of which, the public are aware, is conducted by persons whose respect ability and discretion would not allow such characters to be engaged, although, as is the case, the meritorious, praise worthy, and laborious agents ore grainitoux? The society, which has only been about eight months organized, has effected much real good; its simple, but very impressive plans of treatment have, so far, been remarkably successful. And it has nut failed to obtain the approbation and support of every person who has investigated its operations, and wit nessed the happy effects produced in the minds and charac ters of those who have been induced to submit themselVes to its salutary influence. Already sixty-three females have been taken, by this society, "off the streets"—whilst a vast number, besides, have been faithfully warned and expostu lated with in their nocturnal walks, and, doubtless, with con siderable effect; and others, who have been in the society's lodgings, and have only borne the discipline for a few days, will have left with impressions on their minds not-to be easily defaced. Of the sixty-three reclaimed, nine have been hap pily restored to their friends; ten are earning a creditable livelihood for themselves; sixteen are at service, giving gra tifying satisfaction in their places; two have died sincere penitents; twenty-three are, at present, in the society's lodgings, and three have been placed in the hospital: and this very gratifying result will doubtless increase in the pro portio❑ of the continued support given to the society, by a generous, Sympathising, and public-spirited community. I ant, JOS. BANNING, Assistant Sec. to the Society. Liverpool, Nov. 16, 1838. LIVERPOOL MECHANICS' INSTITUTION LECTURES ON ASTRONOMY. On Wednesday evening Mr. John Wallis delivered his seventh lecture. It may seem strange to those not accustomed to these sort of investigations to comprehend how we arrive at the quan tity: of matter contained in the sun, but the process is very simple. The fall of a body towards the earth is the measure of its gravity, and the defiectionlif the moon from the tan gents of the earth is the amount of gravitation which the earth exercises upon the moon, at that distance. By this means we can weigh the sun against the earth, and tell how much more material there is in the sun than in the earth. We find that if in one second of time the moon by the earth's at traction is deflected to the amount of one the earth in the same time is deflected by the sun, 2,200. Now, as the sun is 400 times the distance of the moon, it will attract as though it were made of material as other bodies, but the diminution of its attraction will be as the square of that number. We therefore multiply 400 by 400, which gives us 160,000, and this being again multiplied by 2,209, the amount of the earth's deflection when compared with the moon, we get 355,000 as the mass of the sun. By these means we find that the den sity of the sun on the average, is no more than the density of water. In the same manner we can obtain the mass of all the planets which are attended by satellites. Parallax has supplied us with a means of determining the distance of the sun and moon, and, of course. curiosity very soon asked men whether it would not be possible to determine the distance of the other celestial bodies, namely, the stars. But we find that our baseline of 8,000 miles is of no use what ever in determining the distance of these fixed stars, and ac cordingly we do not know the distance of any of these stalls. This was urged as a superlative objection to the Coperstican system, because if it was true we could snake use of the whole diameter of the orbit of the earth as a base line to determine the distance of these stars, as it would subtend an angle of 17 seconds of the distance of the sun, and yet we find that a di ameter of 190 millions of miles subtends no angle at all in re ference to the fixed stars. They consequently have no pa rallax. If any fixed star subtended an angle of a second, (and it does not) such star would be 180,000 times the dis tance of the sun from the earth. Now, light moves at the rate of 192 thousand of miles in a second of time, therefore a ray of light would be three years and 17 days in proceeding from one of these fixed stars to the earth: We are acquainted with many millions of stars fixed; and they cannot all be at the same diatance from us. We are not aware that any stars are nearer us than the rest, but Dr. Bradley, in conjunction with Mr. Molyneux, endeavoured to set the question at rest with respect to the Copernican hypothesis, and to discover a pa rallax in the fixed stars. Dr. Bradley saw that these obser vations should he made upon stars n hich go but a very little distance from the zenith. He had two reasons fur this, that if there was an annual parallax, lie would be neater their plane, and he would not be troubled by the refraction of the atmosphere. Mr. Molyueux reisded at Kew, near London. Dr. Bradley was engaged on a visit to Mr. Molyneux, and joined him in making these observations. They observed some stars in Draco, and after a few nights thought, they perceived that the star did not pass at the same point in the zenith, as it did when they first began to observe it. At first they attributed this circumstance to some - errors of the instru ment, but after allowing for all errors, they found a continual motion in the passage of the star across the zenith. But it happened in a direction contrary to what it ought to have been, if the star had been subject to annual parallax. Observing these stars, therefore, in the course of three months they thought that they found that the star had mane a quarter of a circle; and carrying on their observations for some time they found that in six months the star had ap peared to describe a semicircle. Dr. Bradley had left Mr. Molyneux, but his curiosity was so much excited that he had a zenith sector constructed with great care, and after carrs ing on his observations, found that those stars near the pole of the ecliptic which he had been observing, described a small circle of about 20 seconds radius in the course of a year, and returned to the same position as when first observed. Now here was an observed motion. It wal not in the direc tion of an annual parallax, but here you will see to what an unexpected result the sagacity of Dr. Bradley led, namely, more complete confirmation of motion of the earth in its orbit, than if he had found the stellar parallax. Dr. Bradley calls this the aberration of light We know that if we were to di rect a telescope towards any object, and we were motionless, we should see it as it is, but if the telescope were itself moving we should no longer see the object where it is. Supposing, for instance, a sportsman to see a bird perched above him upon a tree, if he aitn directly at the bird he will hit it, but it' the bird Ire upon the wing he must aips where the bird is not, in order that when the bird gets there he may hit it. The sante will hold true with anything, when the light is passing over any space and we ourselves are moving. We observe that light moves with ten limes the rapidity of the earth in its orbit. This was discovered by Reaumur, by the occultation of the Satellites of Jupiter. Let the velocity of light he what it will, it is an absurdity to suppose that .any body can pass over any space in no time. We therefore get in this circumstance a proof of the annual motion of the earth round the sun, w his is, in fact, the only as it is the most con clusive one which ire possess; conclusive, because every star in the universe supplies us with a distinct and unique confir mation of the same fact. Light occupies 81 minutes in pass ing from the sun to our eyes, therefore if the sun were blotted out, or concealed by anything at. its surface, we should see the sun shimming 81 minutes afterwards. But if the sun were rekindled we should not see it again fur 81 minutes. But if a fixed star were annihilated it would still continue shining for 3 years and 17 days afterwards, so that upon looking at the universe around us we are not sure that it exists or not. The fixed stars become most important to the practical astro nomer, and it is fortunate that they have not annual parallax. They serve, therefore, (as they seem to retain their relative places among themselves,) as a reference in the artificial di vision of the celestial globe, by great circles. A very simple mode of computing longitude at sea is by observing the oc cultation of Jupiter's Satellites. Mr. Wallis concluded by explaining the cause of the phenomena called the harvest moon, which he said was merely occasioned by time mines positton in the ecliptic, and not by any extraordinary move ment in the moon herself. On Wednesday evening, Mr. II 4don delivers his first Lecture upon painting. LAWS OF HEALTH. Dr. Thorburn delivered a long and interesting lecture, in troductory to a course of lectures on Physiology and the Laws of Health, on the evening of Friday last, in the Theatre of the Medical Institution, corner of Hope-street, Liverpool. At least a third of the audience consisted of ladies: we counted upwards of sixty. The doctor discussed his subject popularly, and possessed the audience with clear ideas of the science. He illustrated its objects with their laws. The understanding of every topic touched upon was simplified, by a constant reference to drawings; diagrams, casts, and a series of beautiful plates. In a way for which we were un prepared, Dr. I'. showed the range of the objects, their im portant uses, and boundless associations of Physiology, e hich is the science of human nature. The audience marked their appreciation of the applications of which a knowledge of the laws of human nature admits of to the every day pursuits of families and nations. A knowledge of man was useful to statesmen, man being the object for whose protection or ad vantage all acts of legislation were passed. All blundering, defective, and injuirous legislation is traceable to the igno rance of human nature and the laws of health, which physi ology explains. The laws of digestion and thought, the physiology of singing and speakieg, the passions and emo tions, &c.. were illustrated. Physiology was useful to every member of society. It was particularly so to all who might have to serve as jurors. The popular demand for "national education" was adverted to. Mats should be looked at as he was, and not as visionaries and demagogues would have him to be. Physiology taught us the actual nature of man under the existing influences and temptations to which a fallen nature through disobedience had exposed him. Here the lecturer's illustrations were highly successful. Knowledge of our structure, and of the laws o f our functions, suggested the necessity of self-denial. The operation Of the principle of antagonism was ever apparent in. the human body. The moral and intellectual appetites balance those of the gross and.sensual, or animal desires. Apply the- inference from such facts to the cry for national education ; ,unless mankind was educated morally and religiously, mere,scientific educa tion would prove a curse instead of au advantage to society. Instigated by revenge or avarice, unless restrained by the antagonising feeling inseparable franc their moral and reli gious feelings roused into actioci by moral and religious in struction, men would have little or no scruple in abusing their scientific information and making it subserve the grati fication of their most unhallowed desires. By acquaintance with the science and art of chemistry, an immoral and reck less community would be enabled to select poisons to remove an enemy, or to get possession of property; and this in a way so guarded and secret, as to def e at th e en d s of justice : such doubts might be thrown on the evidence against them, that every conscientious jury must return a verdict of acquittal. This was not the view of an alarmist : occurrences of this nature had been experienced. Our own rights and those of our fellowmen are often assailed; people are often plundered of their property by conspiracies which could not he success ful if men studied the science of human nature. Many a one had been deprived of freedom, and confined in a private madhouse, on unreal charges of lunacy; people had been sent to asylums on the strength of certificates from what are called "mad-doctors," and which mad-doctors, in the way of reprisals, should have been made to change places with their comparatively more sane patients. Popular physiology would expose or defeat nearly every kind of quackery and imposture, to which people in a state of unacquaintauce with it were exposed. The other lectures which are to follow are to be delivered each Friday evening, at eight o'clock, in the Medical Insti tution They are addressed to the members, and suppotters from the public, of the Literary, Scientific, and Commercial Institution. UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. ELECTION OF LORD HECTOR—TRIUMPH OF CONSERVATISM. (From the Scotiish Guardian, of Friday.) The election of Lord Rector took place yesterday. The votes in the different nations stood as follow : Duke of Sussex. Sir James Graham. Glottiana 99 125 Rot hsevana 3B 75 Transfi - irtipina 3l 35 Loudoniana .. 4(i Majority for Sir James Graham 75 TOTAL LOSS OF AN IRON STEAM VESSEL—By accounts from Hamburg h, of the 29th., we learn, that the new iron steam-boat, the Faille, lately built in this country, and des tined to ply on the Elbe, between Hamburg() and Dresden, went down in a violent storm on the of the 26th ult., near Atnelank. The crew were saved in a pilot-boat, and arrived safely in liambuigh, Tile vessel had only left Yar mouth the preceding Thursday. Durirg her voyage out she filled so ranch with water as to extinguish the lire of the engine.--Globe, Tuesday evening. THEATRE-ROYAL, LIVERPOOL. The Public is respectfully informed that Mr. HENRY BETTY, Sou of William Henry West Betty, Esq., cele brated in former years as the young Haselus, is engaged for FIVE NIGHTS, and will make his second appearance here 'l'bis Evening. V HIS present TUESDAY, November 20, will be per. formed the popular Tragedy, written by the the Rev Mr. Home, called DOUGLAS. Young Norval Vr. Henry Betty. Lord Randolph ....Wr. Chaplin. Glenalvon Mr. Stuart. Lady Randolph Miss Cleaver. To conclude with the Play of THE CASTLE SPECTRE. Earl Osmond Mr Stuart. Earl Percy Mr. \V. Howard. Earl Reginald....Mr Chaplin. Father Phillip Mr. Baker. Hassan \tr. Gray. Angela Mins Faucit. Evelina On WEDNESDAY, the Tragedy of ALEXANDER THE GREAT. Alexander, Mr. Henry Betty; Clytus, Mr. Gray; Hephestion, Mr. W. Howard; Lysimachus, Mr. W. H. Bland; Cassander, Mr. Chaplin; Roxana, Mis s Cleaver; Statira, Miss Faucit. To conclude with the Co medy of the HONEY MOON. Duke Arauza, Mr. Stuart; Roliindo, Mr. W. Howard; Montalban, Mr. W. H. Bland ; Juliana, Miss Faucit; Volatile, Mrs. 'relict; Zamora, Miss Cleaver. TO CORRESPONDENTS. The address on the "Observance of the Sabbath" could not be postponed till Friday, without interfering with our ar rangements fur the despatch of the Standard by the early mails. It was in type when the request was made. The remainder of our Literary Notices shall appear in our next, in which we shall endeavour to find room for an ex tract from the interesting volume of tales and sketches by Mrs. Clark•. An accident, (the falling out of four columns of type,) pre vented us from going to press on Friday at twelve, agree ably to our promise on Tuesday last. Mit 3Liberpool ,Frltantfarb. TUESDAY MORNING, NOV. 20, 1838. SPAIN.—THE QUEEN'S SPEECH AT THE OPENING OF THE CORTES.—OH the Bth instant the Queen of Spain went through the ceremony of opening the Cortes. The speech was, in consequence of late occ*rrences in the capital, invested with an unusual degree of inte rest. The crowd was very, considerable in the streets leading from the Palace to the Chamber of Deputies, and the interior of the legislative hall was thronged with men of all classes, and ladies elegantly dressed. The Queen Regent having ascended the throne, de livered in a faint voice the following speech, which was listened to in religious silence by the assembly: " I am rejoiced to find myself among you, at the moment when you are about resuming your legislative labours, and trust that you will give me the same proofs of that enlightened zeal for the public welfare which.yo❑ afforded me during the last session. " The treaty of the 22d of April, 1834, concluded between the Queen (King) of Great Britain, the King of the French, the Queen of Portugal, and myself, remains still in force, and the relations of amity which unite the throne of the Queen of Spain with the other powers, by whom it has been acknowledged, continue on the must satisfactory footing. " I feel the greatest pleasure in announcing to the Cortes that the Sublime Porte has recognised the rights of my august daughter, and my heart is peculi arly gratified by the part which my powerful ally, the Queen of Great Britain, took in the success of that negociat ion. "Knowing that our enemies receive succours, fur nished by powers who have not recognised my august daughter as Queen of Spain, 1 have instructed my re presentatives at the allied Courts to claim their formal mediation to prevent hereafter those viAations of the law of nations. "Since the unfortunate issue of the siege of Morella, fortune has shown itself less propitious to our arms; but I confidently trust that the valour, constancy, and good discipline of our army will lead us again to vic tory,. I indulge the hope that you will approve the levy of 40,000 men and the requisition of horses, lately decreed without your participation, on account of the urgency of circumstances. "It will be necessary to complete various important laws, which could not be voted last session, and which are intended to adapt the interior administration of the state to the existing constitution. Among those on which you will be called again to decide, I recommend to you the bill for regulating the powers and attributes of the municipal councils and of the provincial deputa tions, as also those relative to public instruction and charitable institutions. "The difficulty of calculating the effects likely to be produced by the writings which are dail►• published is a reason why such constant effbrts are made to revise the laws for regulating the press. If such laws be ne cessary at all times, this want of them must necessa rily be more keenly felt in times of civil contentions. For this powerful motive I recommend to your mature examination a bill that will be submitted to you on that important subject. "The brave National Guard discharges throughout the kingdom, with perseverance and discipline, the or dinary service fur which it has been instituted, and en gages with eagerness and courage in the pursuit of the rebels. Nevertheless, its organisation requires to be improved, and a bill to that effect will be presented to you this session. "'file events of the war have shown the necessity for attending, even at the price of the greatest sacri fices, to the preservation and the increase of the navy, which vies with the land forces in endeavours to up hold the constitutional throne. " I have directed that the vessels of war now in the arsenals be immediately fitted out for service. A bill for the organisation of the navy shall be presented to you, in order that you may provide for present, as well as future contingencies. " Trade experiences evils, which are the conse quences of the situation of the country. It is ex tremely urgent to introduce into the code now in force the changes for which experience has shown the ne cessitv. My government will lay before you a bill to that effect, and, at a later period, submit to your deli beration a new commercial code. " Our transatlantic provinces continue to enjoy the most perf'ct tranquillity, and 1 receive every fresh pledge of loyalty from their inhabitants. The com mittees appointed in those provinces for the purpose of drawing up the special laws by which they are hereafter to be governed, agreeably to the constitu tion, are prosecuting their labours with a praiseworthy assiduity. " My government, having been authorised to effect several important ameliorations in the administration of justice, directs and accelerates with that view the execution of the works already commenced, and al though those works could not, from their nature, be as ) et completed, the measures most urgently required by the state ofaffairs in the transition from one system of legislation to another have been adopted after mature consideration. My government will take care to communicate in due time to the Cortes the result of its deliberations on the reforms to be introduced into this branch of the administration, which has been of late the object of its constant attention. " The public revenues become daily more inade quate to the expenditure; and the extraordinary re sources which the last legislature so generously grant ed my government to cover the existing deficit it has been found impossible yet to realise. My govern ment has been incessantly occupied i❑ devising means to surmount those difficulties. " In addition to the general budget of the state, those of our American 'provinces will be subinitted to von for the first time, and my government, in its solicitude, will propose to you the extraordinary means it will consider practicable to provide for the public expendi ture, which the former revenues were insufficient to cover. "Immediately after the different works in progress for improving as much as possible the condition of the national and foreign holders of our securities shall have been terminated they will be submitted to your exa mination. It is only by restoring public credit that we can find the means that are absolutely necessary for the expenditure of the state, and epecially to ad minister to the wants of that valiant army which con tends with so much glory for that noble cause defended by the nation, and I trust this will be the principal ob ject jof your solicitude in the present session. It is under the standard of me august daughter Isabella IL that is to be found the safety of the constitutional throne. Let us save it, and with the assistance of Divine Providence let us hasten to place under her banner the olive-branch of peace, the only symbol of our future prosperity." This speech being read, the session of the Cortes for 1838 was declared open, and her Majesty, giving her hand to her august daughter, quitted the hall, and returned to the palace with the same ceremonies. The purport of the preceding document is lament able in the highest degree. The only cheerful an nouncement which it contains, from beginning to end, is, the intimation that the Grand Turk has acknow ledged the title of Isabella to the throne of Spain. Respecting the issue and prospects of the sanguinary warfare with the Carlists not one word of encourage ment is uttered. The financial affairs of Spai❑ seem also to be in an equally deplorable condition. Its commerce is also suffering. Altogether the picture of Spain, exhibited in this speech, is of the most gloomy and hopeless character. Such is the result of a liberalised system of policy. THE CORPORATION POPERY SCHOOLS.—The more we reflect on this subject, the greater is our astonish ment and indignation at the foul affront the " corporation of this town has put upon its Protestant population by the introduction of an experimental sys tem of education, possessing the damning recommen dation of being sanctioned by a Rornish priesthood. But why, let us ask, do Protestants tolerate the pudent indignity, when they have in their own hands the power of resenting and redressing it, and that too in a manner the most summary ? If the corporation, tindet false pretences, have pos sessed itself of a trust which it has traitorously be. frayed, an obvious and facile course presents itself for remedying the abuse, viz., by hurling the corporate conspirators from the position that has given them the power to be msschievous. This we say is an obvious and easy remedy ;—obvious, inasmuch as madmen, fools, and knaves ought not to be permitted the use of weapons with which they might injure themselves or others;—and easy, because Protestants are stroiwer than "the strong man armed," and need but to exer cise their power to bring disgrace and discomfiture on the nest of traitors that are unscrupulously plotting their ruin. And we call upon our Protestant fellow-townsmen to use their power, for "is there not a cause ?" What shall it be said that, in this Christian land, Popery established her first firm footing in the good old town of Liverpool, by the expulsion of the Bible from her schools, and by substituting in its stead the Roman Breviary, with all its mummery and idolatry ? Shall the buds that were swelling and germinating un der the genial warmth and light of the Gospel, be suffered to dwindle and decay under the blasting and pestilential influence of the expounders of Den's Theology, the upholders of the mass, and the suppressors of the Bible ? Let every Protestant who has children make the case his own, and then let him say, would he feel satisfied to have his offspring educated in a seminary in which the standard of Christianity is lowered and degraded to the same level with books that teach idolatry, which repudiate and reject the plainest and most essential points of Christian faith, and which thus make null and void that testament which has the seal of the Sa viour's blood as its warrant ? No, assuredly he would not; and, therefore, an awful responsibility imposes itself on him, to exert himself to dispel infection and contagion from the atmosphete in which his poorer brethren's children are taught. While the brilliant and steady light emitted by the Bible, shone from the beacon of protestantism, and cast its beams in all directions over the dark, delusive, and turbid systems that dashed against, and foamed at its base—many were the errant, and shattered and al most sinking vessels, that, bearing up for its friendly guidance, found a harbour of refuge in which to repair their injuries, to correct their reckonings, and to receive on board that compass wnich, with faithful ness and accuracy, has pointed them to their destined and desired port. But that sacred light has been re moved, in the instance of Liverpool, b) the sacra• legious hand of its corporation. The clergy, with one solitary exception, have honestly protested against the infamous and diabolical theft ; an 1 with a fortitude which nothing but a holy cause could inspire, have re jected every overture and threat that has been held out to induce them to yield to a base, and grovelling, and mongrel species of liberality, that would compro mise the word of life by allowing it to be hashed and minced, so as to suit the depraved palates of those, who dread its potency to dissipate the errors which, as a thick cloud, envelope their systems of human device. Need we direct the attention of our readers to the dispute that has been now for some time going on be tween the two popish bishops, Mac Hale and Murray, to show them that the corporation schools in this town are amply sufficient for every popish pur pose ? Mac Hale, with a consistency worthy of a better cause, and from whi c h w e wou ld d o we ll to take a lesson, insists, that in the national schools Popery shall be propagated with all its trumpery:—Murray, with a magnanimity second only to that of our Rev. James Aspinall, but with better reason, maintains he has footing enough to enable him to neutralise Pro. testantistn, and work out signal advantages fur the furtherance and spread of his darling Den's Theology. Let Protestants take a lesson from Mac Hale. You believe that the Bible is the gift of the Giver of all Good; suffer, therefore, no mutilation or adulteration of it in your schools ; insist on its being an unsealed book, to captivate the hearts and understandings of the young,—for the Giver has said, " Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not." The clergy have done much, and they have still much to do. This question is a vital one, and should claim their unceasing attention in addressing their several congregations. Let this be the case, and we opine the day is not far distant when the machinations of Popery will meet with a signal overthrow, by the triumph of a Bible-loving people. We earnestly hope that the Council will to-morrow negative the unnecessary and uncalled for measure of building warehouses, and hope that it is needless for us to exhort every conservative to be at his post. Al. ready do certain parties connected with warehouses threaten, should this measure ever pass, to lay the parish rate on all stock in trade and merchant ship ping, without which, as all our readers are aware, no rate is legal. This scheme being unjust, will set the different interests in prime strife with one another; instead of working well together, as heretofore, for the prosperity of our noble port and their own mutual advantage. No man can see his way through the M. ficulties which at this stage on every side surround this measure, but by its immediate and unconditional rejection. SIR GEORGE ARTHUR.—Iu another column will be found a letter from an intelligent and respectable cor respondent, resident in Canada, containing a refu tation of the malignant calumnies of the Whig Radical press against the excellent Lieutenant- Governor of Upper Canada. The same corre spondent, in a private note accompanying his com munication, dwells with much force upon the de structive interference of Hume and his party in the affairs of Canada, attributing all the atrocities which have been perpetrated in the colony to their influence. The day is, perhaps, not far diStant, when this arch. traitor and his confederates will be caught in their own snares, and be made to expiate the offences which they have committed against the monarchy and the consti tution of Great Britain. - They, together with O'Con nell, we are convinced, will yet find the law too strong for them. CIRCULATION OF THE LIVERPOOL NEWSPAPERS.— Several of our contemporaries have already published extracts from the last returns 'of the number of stamps issued to the metropolitan and provincial newspapers. We subjoin a comparative statement of the circulation of the Liverpool journals for the two periods embraced in the return. The following is a statement of the number of stamps issued to each of the Liverpool papers from the Ist of April to the 30th of June inclusive, together with the weekly average of each : Average of Name of Paper. April. May. June. Publication. Mercury 26,000....24,000....32,000....6,308 Albion 11,000....12,000....14,000. ...2,846 Mail 12,000.-20,000.-20,000.-4,000 Standard 8,000.... 8,000.... 5,000.-1,770 Courier 9,000.-12,000.— 3,000—.1,846 Chronicle 8,000.... 8,000.... 8,000.-1,846 Journal 6,000.... —....12,000.-1,384 Gore's Times Myers' Advtr 5,000.... 4,000.... 4,000.-1,000 This statement, supposing that each journal was supplied with the number of stamps required for its bona fide consumption, will show the amount of circu lation possessed by each during the above quarter. We now proceed to state the number of stamps issued to each during the three months ending on the 30th of September, together with the average weekly circulation of each newspaper : Average of Name of Paper. July. Aug. Sept. Circulation. Mercury 28,000... .2 4,000....32,000....6,461 Albion 13,000.... Mail ...... 4,000.-12,000.-12,000.-2,154 Standard 7,000—.11,000._ 8,000....2,000 Courier 6,000.... 9,000.... 9,000.-1,846 Chronicle 8,000.... 8,000.... 8,000.-1,846 Journal .... 9,000.... 9,000....1,384 Gore's 5,500.... 6,500 ... 5,500....1,346 Times Myers' Adv tr 4,000.... 4,000.... 4,000.... 923 According to these comparative statements, and pro ceeding on our former supposition, that each newspa per has, during each of these periods of three months,. only ordered as many stamps as were requisite for its consumption, We find that The Mercury has increaud 153 in weekly circulation, The Mail has decreased 1,846 Ditto. The Standard has increased 230 Ditto. Gore's Advertiser decreased 38 Ditto. Tile Times has decreased 154 Ditto. Myers' Ad vertiserdecreased 77 Ditto. The Courier, Chronicle, and Journal present no variation in the weekly average for the above periods. With respect to the Albion (*) it is but fair to state, that the proprietor has charged the teturn with inaccu racy, no credit having been given for 13,000 stamps supplied ►n August. Adding I hese to the above amounts the average circulation of the -4/bion for the latter three months would be 2,538, showing a de crease of 30S. We do not include the Lancashire Herald in our calculations, as the return only includes the first two months of its existence. This would scarcely afford a fair criterion to judge of the amount of its circulation. We have no reason to feel dissatisfied with the posi tion occupied by the Liverpool Standard. The in crease in out circulation since the enlargement of our journal, though slow, has been steady and progressive. At present it exceeds ti►e average which we have given above. We are happy to hear, that Captain Townley, of the Avon, who is so well known and restrtcted on this station, is nominated to the command of the Merlin, the first of the large Admiralty steamers built fur this station. ISLE OF MAN STEAM•PACKET COMPANY.—We under stand that the directors of this company have declared another dividend of 10 per cent., which, we doubt not, will prove highly satisfaclory to the shareholders, and operate as an inducement to renewed exertions. Ma. BLUNDELL'S WILL—The questions raised as to the validity of the bequests to the Vicars Apostolic of the Lon. don and Midland districts have been settled to the mutual satisfaction of all patties concerned; so that those gentlemen of the long robe will be disappointed in their expectations of a rich harvest of fees. The sum to be received by the bishops is about £70,000. Under the same arrangements the other clerical legacies have been recognised.—Catholic Magazine. THE CHASF.—The Cheshire Hounds will meet on Wed nesday, the 21st, at Cholmoudelev•castle; on Thursday, the 22d, at Wrenhury; on Saturday, the 24th, at Windmill on Ravensmoor. At half-past ten o'clock.—Mr. Leghe's Fox hounds will meet this day, (Tuesday,) the 20th, at Handlf•y ; on Friday, the 23.1, at Chorhon-hall ; on Saturday, the 24th, at Sarn-bridge; on Tuesday, the 27th, at Overton-bridge ; on Thursday, the 29th, at Allan Sadler's; on Saturday, Dec.. Ist, at. Churton; on Tuesday, the 4th, at Worthenbury; on Thursday, the 6th, at Pen y lan ; on Saturday, the Stb, at Hampton-heath. At half-past ten. THIC EXCHANGE NEWSROOM —This room. spacious as it is, having become too small for the accommodation of the nu merous subscribers who frequent it, the Committee have re solved to enlarge it, by taking in the vacant space at the north end. The bar and the master's room are to be thrown to the extreme back, by which a space equal to one-third of the present extent of the room will be gained, and devoted to the use of the subscribers. The alterations will, we hear, he completed early in the ensuing year. The staircase lead ing to the Underwriters' Room will, when the alterations are made, lie front the north end, in the passage leading from Exchange-street East. AR RIVA LS AT Tilt GRAN JUNCTION HOTEL.—Miss Fitz mayer, Archdeacon of Kildare, J. Farquerson, Esq., J. Chamberline, Esq., Captain Spark es , M rs . M`l ver an d Family, Mr. Hamilton Law, Edward Johnston, Esq., J. Richardson, Esq., W. 11 B ' , marl. Esq., W. Moutajoy, Esq., Captain Dundass, C. Owens, Esq., Mr. and Mrs. Thompson and Family, Mr. and Mrs. Henshaw and Family. Mr. and Mrs. Briskham, C. H. Barr, Esq., W. Campbell, Esq., Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd and Family, Captain Stanley, H. Cox, Esq., Sir Charles Smith, Major Bourne, C. H. Saudi land, the Lady of Mr. Palmer, Sir John Cope, Bart., lion. Captain Poulett, R.N., W. H. Beswick, Esq., the Rev. H, Watling, W. H. Lumley, Esq., C. Holt, Esq. Tne MuuDER.-10 the Court of Queen's Bench, on Tuesday last, Mr. Wightman, in the case the King r. Caicrof, applied to their lordships to fix a day on which the defendant might come up to receive the judgment of the Court. lie had been convicted at the last Liverpool Assizes, of abstracting a witness in a case of murder, and judgment had been passed without the defendant appearing. lie was extremely poor, and could not remain in London for any time without very great inconvenience. Lord Den man thought it better that they should adhere to the rule laid down. The application must come on in the form of a mo tion at the end of the term' THE WIDOW op THOMAS PASS —lt will be recollected, that, at the late disastrous fire, an unfortunate man, named Thomas Pass, was killed by one of the explosions. We are glad to find, that a subscription has been (11mfled for the widow, to which we take the liberty of calling the atten tion of the benevolent. About thirty-six individuals, exclu sive of the master butchers, have already contributed. The latter have, collectively, subscribed £l4 Ills. Amongst the names we see that of our Chief Magistrate. The total amount received is £24 4s. The poor woman is, of course, exceedingly grateful to those who have stepped forward to aid her in her distress. We hope the sum will be so far augmented as to be of permanent advantage. PROFOSED ALTERATION OF 'CHANGE Houtts.—We men tioned some time ago, that the merchants were desirous of abridging the hours of business, the arrival of the London mail in the morning removing all necessity for the long houti which previously obtained. The mercantile associations have had the subject under consideration, and, with a view of en forcing an alteration iu 'Change hours, they have suggested, through Mr. Nicol, as then chairman, to the Committee of the Exchange Newsroom the propriety of closing the room, every day, between the hours of four and five o'clock. The Committee have, very properly, declined to give any opinion on the subject, the decision of which they intend to leave to the subscribers at large. To obtain that decision, each sub scriber will, in the course of the next month, be requested to sign a voting paper for or against, the proposal, and by the decision of the majority the Committee will, of course, be guided.—Albion. A SEAT. KILLED NEAR SOUTHPORT.—There is now at the house of Mr. Alcock, Upper Dawson -street, in this town, a seal that was killed, a few days ago, on the shore between Southport and Formby, by three brothers, who are fisher men. This atnphibinus creature, (with the habits and econo my of which most of our reader s are no d ou bt acqua i n t e d,) was discovered in the night, by one of the men, to a gut or hollow of the sand, left by the retiring tide; and as it flew at him, anti made its peculiar balking noise, he at first, seeing it but imperfectly, supposed it to be a large white dog, and, in self-defence, struck it with a pole in his hand. His com panions observing the conflict came up to his assistance, iind all of them being somewhat alarmed at the formidable ap pearance of so unusual an assailant,' hey despatched it by blows on the head with their sticks, continued for a time commen surate with its extraordinary tenacity of life. It is stated that it directed its hostility almost exclusively against the in dividual who first struck it The animal is about four feet in length from the snout to the extemity of the hinder fins or membranes, with which it is provided in lieu of legs, and which are extended backward in the direction of the tail, and are each terminated by five bi-cleft claws, having the appear ance of hands. The head, the nose being whiskered with strong black hair.—resembles that of a bull dog, but with very small ears. The body is round and plump, tapering,— somewhat fish-shaped,—to the tail; and it is covered with a short hard hair, partly bristled up, and of the colour of raw silk. Its weight is between 50 and 6011,5. Mr. Alcock, we understand, purposes having it stuffed, and added to his small collection of curiosities in natural history. The seal is, we believe, very rarely seen on the shores of Lancashire. ANGLKSEY HUNT.—PRESERVATIoN OF LlFE.—This hunt, during the preceding week, was kept up with unprecedented glee and spirit, and Beaumaris gathered, on the occasion, R large assemblage of the beauty and chivalry of the island. Miss Williams, Fryars, l a dy - patroness, in the absence of Miss Jones, Llvnon ; J. G. Johnston, Esq., z!omptroller; H. Beaver, Esq,, deputy. H. Beaver, Esq., was nominated comptroller for the next hunt; Yorke, Esq., deputy; and Miss M. S. Williams. lady patroness. After dinner on Wednesday, the 7th instant, a very interesting incident oc curred :—Sir Richard Bulkely took occasion to present to Owen Roberts, of Pennon, a beautiful silver medal, awarded to him by the " institution for the preservation of Ele from Shipwreck," for his gallant services, on many occasions, in the Pentnon life-boat; but more particularly in saving the crew and passengers of a sloop on her beam ends, five miles N.E. of Puffin Island, when the life-boat was eight hours before it reached the shore, buffeting the billows of a dread ful night, in total darkness.—The hon. baronet stated that it was not known so generally as it ought to he, that a society, supported by subscription, had been established in this county, for providing the best boats, and other means of saving life, and for rewarding those who signalized themselves in saving their fellow-creatures. It first came into operation in 1829, and up to the present there had been saved, on the shores of this county alone, by the boats 'or other means of the institution, 148 human beings from the terrors of instant death by shipwreck. The Penmon life-boat was placed on that station in 1831, and that one boat had saved 42 lives; and of these, Owen Roberts had been concerned in saving twenty-six. APOTHECARIES' all..—We may now congratulate the public on the completion of this most useful establishment, the retail shop having been opened on Monday last, It is, decidedly, one of the handsomest buildings in the town; and we scarcely know which to admire most, the splendid design of the architects, Messrs. Cunningham and Holme, or the manner in which they have been executed by the different tradesmen. Mr. Unsworth, the principal contractor, in his choice of woods and excellent workmanship, deserves the highest credit, as does, also, Mr. Tapley for the masonry, (splendidly executed,) Mr. Perry for the brickwork, Messrs. Crellin and Holt for the plumbing, &c. The most attractive part of the building is the front retail shop, which, we venture to say, i❑ point of splendour and style, has never been sur passed, if equalled, in this part of the country. The plaster ing, plain and ornamental, has been executed by Mr. Burns, in his usual excellent manner. The painting and gilding, particularly the ceiling, enrichments on the cornice, pillars, caps, &c., as, also, the labeling of the bottles and drawers, by Mr. H K. Willacy, gives a beautiful finish, and completes the effect of the whole. We trust the effort of the promoters of this undertaking will not be overlooked. It is an institu tion which has long been wanted; and, whether we view it as useful or ornamental, it is one of which the town may justly boast. Arrivals at the Rainbow Hotel, Basnett-street, within the last fortnight :—Count De Horroville and suite ; Baron De lapere and ; Signor Ricariiini and family ; P. Green all, Esq. ; Major Pilkiuton and family ; Captain Lovel ; V. Love), Esq. and family ; W. M. Jones, Esq., J. Berri, Esq., W. B. Davit, Esq., W. E. Davis, Esq., florsweli, Esq. ; Mrs. Chariaton and family; Mr. and Mrs. Robinson and family; Captain Walker, W. Lathom, Esq., Captain Rutter, J. Smith, Esq., M. Lewis, Esti.. J. T. Knowles, Esq., It. J. Forber, Esq., L. W. Bell, Esq.; Mrs. Jackson and son ; Mrs. B. Ackers and two sons; Morley, Esq., H. Rocliff, Esq., B. Rocliff, Esq., J. Steward, Esq., H. Brimlow, Esq ; Mons. La Fell and Son. IRON Vassals.—Mr. John Laird, the builder of the Rain bow steamer, which makes the most rapid passages ever made between London and Antwerp, and vice versa, has now laid down, at his yard, North Birkenhead, half-a-dozen vessels, which will be wholly constructed of iron. Among - them IS a steamer of nearly WO tons. The lronside, mentioned in cos last, the first iron ship Witt in this port, sailed on Wednes day, for Pernambuco. She looked extremely well as she proceeded down the river. Next day she was seen off the Kish Bank, all taell. We h ave heard that the President, intended as the companion of the British Queen, in the New York trade, will be constructed of iron. Her tonnaze will, it is said, exceed 2500 tons, and she is expected to carry 1500 tons of fine goods! THE COTTON MARKET.—The market, es will be seen on refeiring to the Commercial Intelligence head, has been un usually active during the week. The sales reached the very large quantity of nearly 47,000 bales. Tha computed stock of cotton is now 352,300 hales, against 178,2110 at the corres ponding period last year: difference, 174,10 j bales. The import has nearly ceased; and, before the produce of the new crop can he brought into the market, in any considerable quantity, the demands of the trade, for consumption, may be expected very sensibly to reduce the stock in the port. The next four or five weeks will be extremely interesting to the sellers and the buyers of cotton. POLICE IIVFELLIGE2VCE. CHARGE BY A POLICEMAN CONFUTED.-011 Friday, Mr. Wm. Gilt, a young gentleman appeared at the police-office to answer a charge preferred against him by constable James Wilson, No. 149. The officer stated that, on the evening of Thursday, the Bth inst., about dusk, the defendant drove his gig so furiously down Richmond-row, and into Christian street, that he nearly ran over several persons who were cross ing at the bottom of the last named street; that that the gig previously passed over a part ofthe foot n alk,land that, thrall!, he ran it against a lamp-post. He added, that defendant ap peared to be drunk, and could not drive; that he (the con stable) took hold of his horse's head, and stopped but on a gentleman on horseback stating that he knew him, and would take care of him and the horse, he suffered him to go, first taking his address, iu order to summon him. Mr. Gill through his profe s si ona l a d v i ser, d en i e d th e c h arge i n tot°. , He had that day been to Sefton, and he had neither driven furiously, nor was he in the slightest degree intoxicated. Wit nesses for the defence were brought forward and sworn. Miss Wilkinson, a young lady, stated that she was in thegig at the time—that they had come out of Ruse-hill, and were proceed ing slowly—that some interruption to the passage across the street took place, owing to a cart that was in the way, and that the cause of the gig going against the lamp-post was the act of the policeman himself, who violently seized the horse by the head, and threw it out of its direct course. She added that Mr. G. was perfectly sober. Mr. Jas. Gillow, the de fendant's cousin, who was of the party, and on horseback, corroborated this evidence, as did Mr. Gill, senior, bis uncle, as to the charge of intoxication. He saw hint soon after the circumstance, when he was perfectly sober, and said there was not a more abstemious young man in the town,. 'lwo other gentleman spoke to the regular habits of the defendant, and seeing hint on the same evening perfect') sober. Mr. Hall said that the evidence went clearly to establish the in nocence of the party accused, and instantly dismissed the charge. The over-zealous policeman will, we trust, be looked after, as little confidence can be placed in a man who brings forward a groundless charge. OFFENCE UNDER A RAILWAYA ACT.—On Friday, a man named O'Donnelly was brought to the police-office, charged with having committed an offence under the act of incorpora tion of the Grand Junction Railway Company. Mr. Clay, the solicitor for the company, read the clause of the act' rela live to passengers refusing to alight when they had reached the place for which they were booked, and going on to a more distant town without paying the additional fare, by which they were liable to a fine of 40s. The prisoner was booked at Stafford to go to Warington, for which the fare was lOs 6d. On arriving at the latter town he refused to come out of the carriage, and insisted upon coming through to Liverpool with out paying any additional fare, which would be 4s 6d, the whole fare from Stafford to Liverpool being 15s. He was con quently taken into custody, and Mr. Clay now applied for the enforcement of the penalty. Mr. Hail said that the con duct of the prisoner was mean and disgraceful; but he fohnd on looking into the act that he had no jurisdiction in the case, inasmuch as the county magistrates could alone administer it. Mr. Clay accordingly left the court, and took the pri soner before Sir Thomas Braucker, by whom he was fined 40s. This was the first case that had been brought forward under the Grand Junction railway act, and will, doubtless, operate as a caution to unprincipled travellers. Titnowmc VaßlOL.—Edward Soane, aged about fifty sieyears, was ulaced before Mr. Hall, on Saturday, having been remanded since the third o f October, under the charge of having thrown a quantity of vitriol on the person of Char lotte Wright, whereby she was severely injured and her clothes much damaged. The prosecutrix was taken to the Northern Hospital, on the 2nd October last, and was not in a fit state to appear and give her evidence till Saturday. Her face bore marks of the injury inflicted, and Mr. George Arnott, one of the surgeons of the hospital, stated, that some wounds on her neck and breast were not healed. She showed the dress which she had on at the time. Portions of the sleeves and breast were entirely destroyed. She stated, that, about ten o'clock , on Tuesday night, the 2d October, she was proceed ing along Whit echapel, when she was accosted by the prisoner who requested her to go and take a walk with him. She refus ed. He then mentioned a small sum of money which he would give her, if she would comply with his request. She told him to be off. He immediately produced what she thought was a wine glass, and threw the contents over her face, neck. and breast. She experienced great pain, and screamed aloud for assistance. Police officer No. 112 came up : she told him what had happened, and he pursued the prisoner and took him into custody. Mr. Arnott stated, that the prosecutrix was brought to the hospital on the night of the 2d of October. She was severely burned on the face, neck, and chest. The liquid %um have been very strong, and it was an acid, as it had changed the colour of the blue lining of her bonnet to red. Prisoner :—" It was diluted oil of vitriol." Police officer 112 stated, that, when he apprehended the prisoner, he was walking very fast. He asked him what he had thrown upon the woman, and he said "Some ruin." He found uo glass or any other vessel on the prisoner's person, nor could he find any thing of the sort in the street. The priosner, in his de fence, said he was under the effects of temporary derange ment at the time. His skull had been fractured, and he had had some drink. If he had been in his right senses, he should not have done it, but drink took effect upon him. Ile was committed for trial. STREET ROBBERY. —Aaron Stock, a man dressed in a leather apron, and who looked like a shoemaker, was charged, on Saturday, before Mr. Hall, with having been concerned in stealing a watch. The prosecutor, a gentle man of respectability, stated, that, between eleven and twelve o'clock, on the night of the 12th of slay last, he was on his way home, along Pembroke-place, when he was jostled by several men and women, who surrounded him, big left him almost instantly. He proceeded on his way, Mid, after awhile, missed his watch, which he bad felt in his pocket a short time before he encountered the persons above alluded to. He met a nolice-officer in a few minutes, and they pro ceeded to the 'Station -house, in Rose-hill, where he gave a description of his watch, and the next day bills wet e printed and circulated in the usual manner, On Thursday last he learned th tt his watch had been found, and was in possession of police-officer Grisenthwaite. He saw it and claimed it. The evidence against the prisoner was, that, on the I , lth of May last, he had pledged the watch in his own name, at the s hop of Mr. Bighain, in Marybone. On the 14th of July last, be called at the Eawnbroker's, and stated, that lie hail lost the ticket. lie t eas then suffered to make a declaration, and shortly afterwards the watch was redeemed. Late in the month of July, he 'called upon a man named Timothy Crow, residing at '23, North-street, and requested him to buy a watch which, he said, was in pledge at Bighaufs. He told Mr. Crow, that he should have the watch for £l. 10s. and that it was a decided bargain. He went and redeemed the watch, and Crow bought it for the sum above named. lie told the latter, that it cost him £llss. He also told Constable Lloyd, that he had purchased it from a traveller, and he made the same statement before the Magistrates. He was com mitted for trial. ROBBERY.—Yesterday, at the Police-office, a voting woman named Hannah Ryan, housemaid to Mr. Unwin, publican, in Great Homer-street, was brought up at the bar of the Police-office, charged with having robbed the bar maid of £7.—Jane Black, the bar-maid, stated, that at three o'clock on Sunday afternoon she went into her own room to dress, and placed a small bag containing seven sovereigns and two half sovereigns on the wash-stand. She dressed and went down stairs, having forgotten (the hag and money. In about half an hour she missed the bag, and ran up stairs for it, but it was gone. She went down into the kitchen, where she found the prisoner, who was house servant, and asked her if she had seen anything of the bag: said she had not. She (witness) then informed the housekeeper,-and the prisoner was again asked, and again denied it. A constable was then sent for, and the prisoner was given into custody. She had since seen the bag containing the money which she had in it.—Constable Hodgson said he was called to take the prisoner into custody, and examined her box but found nothing. He delivered her over to Mrs. hissack, at the Bridewell, to be searched, and the bag containing the money was found upon her. The prisoner ban nothing to say in de fence. She was committed to take her trial. WARRINGTON CAUTION TO RAILWAY SERVANTS.—In the course of the last Session uf Parliament the Grand Junction Railway Com- ' puny, in their amended Act obtained power to punish, in a summary way, any of their servants guilty of any negligence or misconduct, whereby the lives or property of any person is endangered. On Thursday the first case upon which pro ceedings have been instituted, at the instance of the company, came on for hearing before William Hall, Esq., at Warring ton. The defendant, JAn Runsell, a Points-man, having charge of the points on the Grand Junction Railway, oppo site the Vulcan Foundry, at Newton, was charged with being in a state of intoxication while on duty, on the line, on Sun day last. The defendant pleaded Guilty to the charge, and in mitigation of punishment, said, he had only drank two pints of ale, and that every thing under his care was admit ted to be in perfect order on the day in question. Mr. Wag staff, after reading the 21st section of the "Ist and 2nd V lc- TORIA, cap. 52, which enacts, that if any engine-man, or other person having the care or charge of any engine upon the railway, or it any other person shall be upon the said railway, or works, in a state of drunkenness or inebriety. or shall do any act or be guilty of any negligence or misconduct whereby the life or property of the company, or of any other company, or if any person is or might be injured, or endangered, every such offender shall pay a sum not exceeding ten pounds/' proceeded to say that Mr. Swift, the clerk to the company, instructed him to press for a conviction in the full penalty, as such was the present state of the trade that if the company discharged the defendant he would immediately be taken into the employ of some rival company. Mr. Hall agreed with Mr. Wagstaff, on the necessity of having great - attention and sobriety observed by the engineers' and other persons in the company's employ. And it was quite necessary to make an example of offenders. Mr. Swift ( who entered the room at this stage of the proceedings) said, that, as this was the first case in which such proceedings had been instituted, and as the defendant had expressed some contrition for his miscon duct, he thought he might venture to ask from the Bench, some mitigation of the penalty. Mr. Hall ordered the de fendant, (who admitted he was in receipt of a guinea a-week wages) to pay a fine of one pound and costs. Ditchfield, a fireman, for similar misconduct at the Warrington Station, on Sunday the 11th instant, was convicted in the penalty of £5, but at the sug g estion of Mr. Stubbs, one of the Warrington magistrates, Mr. Hall was prevailed upon to mitigate the penalty, to two pounds and costs. The defendants in both cases, were, in default of pay ment, ordered to be committed for three months. WARRINGTON POLICE ACT.—Mr. Joseph Wagstaff was, on Thursday, elected clerk to the Warrington police com missioners. No other candidate was proposed, Mr. Bayley having withdrawn from the contest. GREAT EXPORT OF Goons TO AMERICA.—The shipments of manufactured goods to the United States ate, the season of the year considered, very extensive. The New York packet-ships - get nearly full cargoes ; the Sheridan, which sailed on Wednesday, having had upwards of £l6OO freight on board. The packet-ship Columbus, which will sail this morning, has a full cargo of manufactured goods; and the packet-ships George Washington and United States will, it is expected, be quite full also. " Hannay and Dietrichsen's Almanack, Astronomical Ephemeris, and Book of general Information for 1839.—We are positively at a loss for words to express our astonishment at the unparelleled comprehensiveness of the Almanack just published by Messrs, Hannay and Dietrichsen, for the ensu ing year. There is scarcely a subject in the usual routine of events to which we do not find reference in this book of 100 pages, at the iusignificant cost of 6d ; a sum which positively can little more than cover the price of the paper. The bio graphical and chronological tables are exceedingly interest ing, particularly those for the present year. The tides, eclipses, Ste. are duly noticed, and the progress of Eneke's comet during the remainder of the present year, and Gam bart's in 1839, are traced by diagrams of the heavens. We have the list of the royal households; the House of Lords, giving the titles of the Peers, the family name, the motto of the Peers, and dates of creation ; the House of Commons is given twice, first alphabetically, secondly arranged by the places the members represent; the whole of the army list, giving the Officers' names alphabetically arranged, (a desi deratum long wanted) with the dates of Commission, and the appointment the officer holds; the navy list is given in like manner; the bankers, provincial and metropolitan ; the corporation dignities; ambassadors and consuls ; universi ties; the list of fairs throughout the kingdom is by far the best ever printed; and in short, as we have before observed, information upon every possible topic of interest is afforded to the public in this most useful pamphlet. Messrs Hatioay and Dictrichseu have certainly put all competition out of the field, for, we should say, it would be impoosible for any other firm to produce a similar compilation at five times the cost." — Morning Chronicle, Oct. 28. Published by the Proprietors, and sold at their warelionse, 63, Oxford -street, London; and by all Booksellers and St,- tioners in the kingdom,. In Liverpool, by Smith, 24, Scuz - land-place. PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS, TIIEATRE ROYAL.—Last evening introduced the heritor of a great theatrical name, to the Liverpool public, in the person of Mr. Henry Betty, the son of the celebrated Mr. Betty, the Young Roscius of former years. Mr. Henry Betty is the latest novelty on the stage, and the spirited managers of the Theatre Royal have not waited long to "produce" him. Mr. Henry Bet:v has as fair prospects of secrets in that profession which he has chosen, and into which he is just entering, as any young actor we know. Possessed of a tall, wanly, and graceful figure, characterized by all the elegant elastic suppleness of youth, with a fine voice, and good elocution, he wants but the finish which practice will give, and he will have all the requisites for embody ing the conceptions of the mind—the very kernel—the soul of acting: and in this prime requisite Mr. Henry Betty appears to be by no means deficient. Last evening he played the part of Selim, in the revived tragedy of " Barbarossa." It would be unfair severely to criticise the afforts of so young an actor; yet unmixed praise, where it is not wholly de served and flattering, is to play an enemy's part, which we have no wish to do to Mr. Henry Betty. He is decidedly not deficient in confidence; and his elocution is good, but there is a degree of " r , Ilicking" rawness about his acting— a want of that perfect finish which conduces to effect, which he will do well to study to obtain. Few men will then pos sess more promising dramatic qualifications. He was intro duced by a short spoken address by Mr. Bland, which we thought had better have been let alone. It would have been very well to have so introduced Master Betty, but was puerile as an introduction to a young man. Mr. Stuart ably played the part of the tyrant Barbarossa, and indeed constituted, by his superior acting, the chief interest of the tragedy. The acting of Hiss Faucit was also marked by great talent. This evening " Douglas" is to be performed, in which Mr. Betty will play Young Norval. . - SIGNOR HUERTA'S CONCERT AT THE TEMPLA RS' HALL.--- Last evening Signor Huerta, the celebrated guitar player, gave a concert at the Templars' Hall. The concert we were sorry to see was not very fully attended. The principal per formers were Madame l'altoni, Signor Paltoni, Mons. A. De St. Maurice, and Signor Huerto. Several fantasias and duettos were sung selected from the operas of Rossini and Bellini, and from the music of Donnizetti. Signor Paltoni possesses an exceedingly powerful,full-toned, bass voice. We heard him sing the aria " Largo al factotum," from Rosini, in fine style. Mons. Maurice also possesses a fine bass voice, but of considerably less power. Madame Paltoni has a sweet cantata sort of voice of not much power. The gem of the performances, however, was the extraordinary execution of Signor Huerta, on the guitar. He has certainly given us a "new light" regarding this instrument; we had no idea that tones so melodious could be produced from the "clanging guitar," or that such an a mount of execution could be ob tained on it. We have not time to give a detailed notice of the performances, though several of them are deserving of more than this passing notice. Roy AL AMPHITHEATRE.-Mr. Hughes, whose celebrated feats of horsemanship, &c., have justly rendered him a fa vourite at this popular place of amusement, took his benefit last night, under the patronage of our worthy chief Magis trate, and we are happy to state that the attendance was very good. The whole of the performances were well sustained, and elicited considerable applause. CAUTION TO HOUSEKEEPERS.—Housekeepers would do well to see that their doors and windows are fastened after dark. From the robberies which have, during the past week, taken place in dwelling-houses, it is evident, that a gang of burglars are prowling about the town and the outskirts. The robberies hit [left° committed have not been to serious amount, and in no case have they been accompanied by violence. Still, while the police. are active in endeavouring to prevent robberies, or, where robberies have been perpetrated, to ap prehend the burglars, housekeepers ought, for their fawn safety, to take every precaution in their power to prevent de predations on their property. Fla c.—On Friday, at about a quarter to one o'clock, some cotton in the cotton kiln of Mr. J. Irving, in Fleet-street, became ignited by being overheated. The engines were soon on the spot, and the fire was extinguished in about an hour, with but l►ttle loss. A STEAM VESSEL CONVERTED INTO A SAILING VES SEL.—Sorne weeks ago a steamer belonging to the St. George Steam-packet Company, called the George IV., and which had been found, from the depth of water she required, to be ill adapted for the Irish trade,was as an experiment,converted into a sailing ship under the direction of Mr. H. Talbot, ship builder, and marine superintendent for the company. Like most other steam-vessels, her sides were so constructed as to receive her paddle-wheels in a bay or recess; in other words, her decks overflanged about one-half the breadth of the paddle boxes. The latter being removed, four feet was cut off the ad 'l beam, and she was sponcered up so as to rend e r h er “e - top sides straight. and maintain her full breadth of deck throughout. She was also newly flush-decked and fastened, so that her breadth, originally 20 feet 6 inches, became about 31 feet, presenting proportionably one of the finest uninter rupted decks of any vessel in the port. These alterations, which added greatly to her strength, were completed under the inspection of Lloyd's surveyors. The vessel was then rigged as a three-masted hermaphrodite, having a brig's fore mast, and a main and a mizen mast rigged in the manner of a schooner. Her length is 137 feet, and shy registers about 290 tons; but thus made into an elegant sailing vessel, she is found to carry upwards of 400 tons. She made her first trip (hence to Dublin) about three weeks ago. Considerable curiosi y was, as a matter of course, excited as to her capa bilities for sailing and resisting a sea way. Notwithstanding she was deeply laden, and bad an adverse wind and a heavy sea to contend with throughout, she behaved admirably, rising on the waves like a duck, and making good her port of desti nation in twenty-five hours. Another vessel that sailed for Dublin with the same tide did not accomplish the voyage un til four days afterwards The George IV. has, indeed, turned out to be "a clipper," and is already a great favourite in Dublin, where she has been visited by numbers of persons interested in our mercantile marine. She is about to proceed to the Azores Islands for a cargo of fruit, and will, we hope, fully realize the high expectations which her first trip has excited. She is (so far as we have learned) the first steam vessel of large burden that ha. been converted into a sailing vessel; and the experiment is of importance in navigation, in as much as there are numerous steam-boats in this and other ports, whose engines are worn out, or which are other wise unavailable as steamers, that, at a comparatively small expense, may, from this successful exetnple, be made into valuable sailing vessels. The George IV. might have been purchased some months ago for a sum under £200; but her bottom was sound, and, with the repairs and alterations she has undergone, her estimated value is now between four and five thousand pounds. It appears that the French troops are about to evacuate Ancona, on condition that the Austrian troops shall leave Rome to itself. REFUSAL TO PAY A REGISTRAR.—On Wednesday_ last, at a meeting of ley-payers held in the vestry of the Parish Church, Middleton, it was resolved that the assistant over seer should not pay the fees of the registrar of births and deaths, on the ground that his appointment was not in con formity with the act, he being, as was stated, neither a house keeper nor a rate-payer.—Blackburn Standard. The production of John Barnett's new opera, to be called Farinelli, which has been accepted by the management of Drury-lane, has been postponed. COURSING EXTRAORDINARY. Last Tuesday, as the " Fleetwood" locomotive engine, on the Preston and Wvre railway, was proceeding at a quick speed with a train of waggons containing ballast for the permanent road, about half way between Burn Naze and Poulton, a hare got upon the line and ran before the train in the same direction for a considerable time, but was at length overtaken, when the spur of the engine struck the affrighted animal and killed it. Preston Pilot. TAX ON STEAM-Bovrs.—The heads of a bill to be brought before Parliament have been settled, by which is is to be proposed that " all vessels engaged in the conveyance of pas sengers for hire by water, when impelled by any other means than sails or manual labour," shall not be impelled without a license, apportioned in its price to every 100 tons, nor without paying a duty "for and in respect of every passenger, at and after the rate of 1-,d fur every four miles, or fraction of four miles." EXTRAORDINARY FEAT.—On Thursday last, an individual named Nicholson, residing at Appleby, better known by the cognomen of " The Marquis of Rockingham," undeitook for a wager, to eat a roasted goose, hasted with a pound of tallow candles, together with half a peck of potatoes, but without any drink; alter which savoury repast, he was to run a steeple chase of two miles against a horse that was bought at Broug-hill fair, for the exorbitant sum of seven shillings and sixpence. The first part of the , undertaking, as o r readers may readily suppose, came igi swimmingly. Many bets were depending on the issue of the match, which was won by " the marquis" in a very superior std le. We un derstand this is not the first of his very extraordinary per formances. [The marquis's heraldic device ought to be a trough with a pig-rampant—motto, " per ventrem feci."l— Gazette. A MATCH FOR VAN ANIBURGH.—The proprietor of a me nagerie, now exhibiting at Hamburgh, advertises an ele vhant whom he has taught to dance upon the tight rope, and to iday the Jew's harp; besides which, he has a whole family of tiger cubs, as tame as kittens, that allow the guests to han dle them as much as they like. COLOURING DAHLIAS.—At a show of the Colchester Hor- icullitraland Floral Society, on Wednesday week, the:Se cond prize for twelve dahlias grown by gentlemen's garden ers was adjudged to Mr. Mallet, gardener to Sir G. H. Smyth, Bart., but was afterwards retained by the committee, in con sequence of its being discovered, that some colouring matter had been put on the eyes of two of the dark dahlias exhibited, evidently for the purpose of deceiving the judges. ROYAL EXCHANGE. — We are informed that the whole mass of buildings fi tun Finch-lane to the Mansion House is to be removed for the site of this great civic and national edifice; which, if it is not the noblest piece of commercial architecture in the world, will be no honour to the city and citizens of London. At present, all «e know of the design is, that it is to be an oblong square, 270 feet in length, by 140 in breadth, the longest sides fronting the Bank on one side, and Corn hill on the other. The internal area of the Ex change (where our merchants are to congregate) is to be of the extent of 150 feet by 60 feet. The dimensions are spa cious.— London Paper. THE ARMY.—It is said that a very considerable augmenta tion to our present force is in contemplation, ►n consequence of the warlike aspect of affairs. This we have all along an tipated, sensibly alive to the difficulties of carrying on the duties with our present force, independent of all the calls now made on it from every quarter. THE RUSSIANS IN ARMENlA.—Erzeroom, until destroyed by the Russians in 1828-9, had been a flourishing place, and the great mart of trade, paiticularly for the purchase of European commodities by . Persian trailers, who used to come here for their investucents instead of proceeding to Constanti nople. But when the Russians overran the country, they, by a specious pretence of deliverance from Mahometan thraldom partly prevailed and partly forced all the Armenian families of this place, of Byaboot; and the neighbourhood, to leave their homes and enter the Russian terriories. Upwards of ninety thousand souls are said to have been thus carried off from 'Turkish Armenia, of whom more than seven thousand were from Erzerooni: and front what I afterwards heard and saw, I do not believe this estimate is beyond the truth. They were driven by the orders of Prince (the Count) Paskewitch into Russian Armenia, the population of which had become scanty under the mild parental sway, upon an understanding that they were to be distributed in towns and villages which required such a transfusion of human life, and were to be pro tected and encoaraged in the exercise of their several trades and avocations; but by a singular and most heartless incon sistency, not only was this virtual promise broken, but the poor creatures were suffered to remain encamped and exposed to the severities of the weather, without even a provision of bread to eat, so that they died by hundreds of misery and want. At last they were sent to Akhiska and the provinces of the Black Sea, where they were disposed of in places already fully pe o pled. so that ;their condttihn, thus huddled up in crowds. was little improved, and their usefulness utterly destroyed. Many more died here from want and from dis eases occasioned by the swamps of these places acting on constitutions accustomed to the free air of the upper plains; yet still every applicaticu of the poor creatures for permis sion to return was rejected, and such as were caught deserting were sevete!v p u nished. It is, therefore, no wonder that the feeling all over 'Turkish Armenia should be strong against the Russians, and I believe it to be as bitter as possible. It is said, now, that the escape of the poor exiles that remain, and who are looked upon now as a charge rather than a benefit, is winked a t, though not openly permitted, and that many of the survivors are gradually returning to their homes. Thus this barbarous and most inconsistently prosecuted measure of state failed utterly of any effect. except that of excitini , hatred and dread: but it is an inconsistency by no mean': without parallel or precedent in the political 'history of that ambitious and arbitary government.--Frasees Winter Journey.