The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-02-25 00:00:00

A little more s] A little more if Rare is t, And, like n the & Nothing of a ton Prt a Wig of plea Is to lie t T the halo of calmness Over my spirit, as mild as the d s vial of y slumbers are over me stealing d I roan them again and again ; ,s. intoxicate. reeling n - y beautiful brain EMBLEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF WEDDING RING. Emblem of k iness, not bought nor t ring of virgin gold. And duty in its soft huugh strict embrac Plain, p ous, pure, as best be mes the wife abial love disdains a fragile toy st can tarnish or a ich destr, Nor much admires what courts the gen'ral gaze, The dazzling diamond's meretricious blaze, That hides with glare the anguish of a heart By nature hard, though polish'd bright by art. More to thy taste the ornament that shows Domestic bliss, and, without glaring, glows. .s to give the mind To a Of f 3 The gance th' unconscious charm, only amulet to keep from harm ; guard at once and consecrate the shrine, ie this dear pledge--it makes and keeps thee mine SELECTIONS SUPPLY OF WATER TO PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS BY THE LIVERPOOL AND HARRINGTON COMPANY.—The Blue Coat Hospital was originally supplied from a well. In the course of years, probably by sinking other wells— yo-' number Jury amongst the ..Ir—the spring was lost, and you supplied the institution without charge, in consequence of the spring being taken away. This was however too lib- After same time had elapsed, the trustees were informed that it was your intention to charge them £l5 per annum ; but the pill was gilded with the subscription of £6 65.; leaving a balance in favour of your company of £8 14s. per annum.—Mr. Hoime's Letter. eral last WHIRLWINDS : GOAT-SUCKERS.—We experienced at noon one of the strongest whirlwinds I had witnessed upon savannahs. It whirled leaves, sticks, and whatever it could seize several feet into the air, and raised a column of dust 200 or 300 feet in height. The Macusi called it nranan," and I understood such phenomena are very . The peculiar position of the mountains may give rise to them. The column of dust took a S.S.E. direction. The way in which the Macusi pronounce the word " uranan" reminds me of " hurrican," likewise an adopted word of our European languages. A poor goat sucker attempted to escape its influence, but, being seized. was whirled for a considerable distance into the frequent here air. I have been frequently amused, during our mono tonous walk over the savannahs, with the strange man- ners of the Caprimulgi, or goat-suckers, when they saw our large column approaching their resting places. They generally cowered down and ducked their heads to pass loticed. On approaching them nearer, they watched ry step • and if we stepped on one side, under th e im sion that the bird in its stooping position cannot look -o swiftly that the Indians said it had a ad. Only when ap- The In- pair of eyes at the back of its h proached within a few feet it takes t dians have the greatast superstition regard to this They say it bird, and would not kill it for any prick_ keeps communication with the dead, and brings mes- Even the common people on sages to their conjuror it retain in a great v e bird in ea•ure this superstition, and . Its nocturnal habits, the s flight, and its note, which t have, no doubt, contri xl Creoles entertain for great awe bless and peculiarity of ence of the n buted to th the Wacarai or Sumpy bird Sources of the Tahutu. —Schomburgh's Visit to the A LIAR'S FATE.—As the adventures of Baron Trenck have been read by everybody, we may as well mention the account of his death and its immediate cause, which are, , wholly unknown in England. Trenck would we believ, have esca ed by the fall of Robespierre, but he was of a busy temper ; to remain quiet in any position did not seem to belong to the man's nature. " tie was." said Du Rouse he greatest liar I ever knew. To that, his favourite propensity, he owed his fate. Our hope of escape in the prison was to remain unnoticed by the gaoler, and await events. - Upon the least complaint, the order from the au- horities was a la mort, sometimes without the cere mony of a trial. The prisoners wore numerous, and for some days a rumour had been circu!ated amongst them, and continually kept up, that the Prussians were march- ing upon Paris, carrying all before then nothing certain that went on outside t We knew of prison walls, and t without hope that intelligence was cpirect >till we w ould be 1 ere puzzled to discover how - such information )romulgated amongst us, as it thus was, early nine, with some new additions. This prevalent Dnversation, it seems, had, with its daily addi- topic of , thins, reached the ears of the gaoler, who caused the gates of the prison to be closed to ingress or egress until the day was far advanced, in order to try whether any fresh news, thus circulated, came from without, or was concocted within the walls. Trenck this morning circu lated some additional particulars about the Prussians' vicinity to Paris. which were traced to him through those to whom he had communicated them, with the addition, that his information was certain, for he r. ad just received it, which was impossible. He was thus caught in circu lating false rumours, complained of by the gaoler, and lost his head by the guillotine, near the Barrier du Trone." —Frazer's Magazine. SUGGESTED PURCHASE OF THE WATER COMPANIES' WORKS BY THE CORPORATION.—I think, it will hardly be deemed, that it will be for the advantage of the town at large that the entire supply of water should be fur nished by our municipal trust; and I most repeat that it was most unfair of von, in publishing a portion of my remarks on the subject, not to have stated my deliberate and published opinion, " that the town was indebted to those who had supplied us with water when our public bodies were unwilling or unable to do so ;" and that I hoped the full marketable value of the shares would be paid by the Corporation for the purchase of your property, whenever made. I shall, however, supply your omission, and make my sentiments more generally known, by pub lishing, as an appendix to this letter, a full statement of what I said at the meeting of the Polytechnic Society, in reference to water; and, also, the whole of the report on the sanatory condition of this town, which I furnished to her Majesty's Commissioners. By those lam willing to be judged. I feel convinced that, as there are such abun dant springs of water in Green-lane, and as a constant supply, at full pressure, in tile street mains about to be laid, will show to the inhabitants the advantages of abun- I dance, and the promptness of supply, it %ill be impossible _ for you long to resist the public dfmatid for such a neces sary article; nor - will you be able to maintain your exist s.—Mr. Holme's Letter DANGER OF NEGLECTING THE POORER CLASSES.— Do what you will, it will be of I ttle use if you will not, as a nation, undertake the task of applying a remedy to a system under which the population is brought up in a state of neglect as regards their moral welfare, and which rs fruitless all private exertions for their im provement. Within the last few years schools have been multiplied, though they are still very insufficient. Zea lous and qualified persons both within and without the established church are ready to devote their energies for the instruction of the rising population ; but the .entire• absorption of the children by almost unceasing toil in so raany departments of industry defeats all their •efforts, and disappoints all their hopes. Does this state of things afford us any security ? The time was when many be lieved, or maintained, that utter ignorance and excessive labour were the best guarantees for the trunquility of the people. Awful delusion; to suppose that men brntllv ignorant could not find time and intellect for mischief ? They went to the beer-shops to listen to seductive com positions in prose and verse, written with great force and power, with great fancy and genius, and embellished with all the attractiveness of modern art. Good heavens ! what a monstrous perversion of the noblest talents,'rneant to refine and elevate mankind ! In these compositions, so seductively written, (I need not name them, for what I -mean will be understood by many of the gentlemen I now address)--in these compositi on s you fi n d vice and yio lence dignified into heroism : almost rend " Oh, gracious GoclllTow ,far have we Profaned the heavenly gift of poetry ? Made prostitute and profligate the muse, Debased to each obscene and impious use, • Whose harmony was first ordained above, For tongues of angels, and for hymns of love ? I ' By these compositions the minds of the people are cor rupted ; and we incur guilt by our reforming a system -under which they are exposed to such evil. I have en deavoured to press on this house the dangers of the pre sent system. I may be thought somewhat dogmatical, but I cannot disguise the truth, that we are standing on a very rotten foundation. You may increase your fleet, and extend your commerce —these are excellent things in their way—but all you.may do will be unavailing unless it rest on the moral and physical prosperity of the great mass of the people. It may flourish for a while, and we may exchange congratulations, but an hour of difficulty will soon discover that we ha v e done nothing. But while there is life there is hope ; and while the facilities for mischief are rife. let us not neglect the facilities for good. The powers of science are now stimulating the energies of mind and body; and the very condensation of the people into masses and large towns may be converted into influences of a mighty nature, if the State only performs tier duty. Let her show herself to be the great and pious carent of the population. Her efforts, be assured, will mot, be lost in the sight of God ; and `her children will rise up and call her blessed.'—Lord Ashley's Speech. ted dre. artains ve me, for it ittraturt. POETRY SLOTH g the hands to sleep," OLD DINING Houas.—Twelve o'clock was considered late hour for dining, a supper was seldom later than six ; but forty years previous to this period, over the dining room of Secretary Pacca was written this inscription, Pransurus ante Xne venito, post Xne maneto—" Come not to dine either before or after ten." In 1627, the Gunts of Erbach dined at nine in the morning ; anJ, in 1648, the time of this meal in the establishment of Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (ancestor of Prince Albert), was at a quarter before eleven in the morning, summer and winter, and supper at a quarter before six ; and, in more recent times, the grandfather of our gracious Queen (George 111) dined at one and supped at ten.—From the recently-published romance of Hampton Court. ands will be tearing I " COLOUR-BLINDNESS."—The following instance of the same peculiarity of vision as that observed in Dr. Dalton and Dug,ld Stewart, occurs in Madame D'Arb lay's Diary, in the course of her first conversation with Kir,g George 111. "To me," said the king, "it appears nge to meet with people who nave no ear for ad cannot distinguish one air from another, as to meet with people that are dumb. Lady Bell Finch once told me that she had heard there was some difference be tween a psilm, a minuet, and a country dance; but she declared they all sounded alike to her ! There are people who have no eye for difference of colour. The Duke of Marlborough actually cannot tell scarlet from green !" He then told me an anecdote of his mistaking one of those colours for another, which was very laughable, but I do not remember it dearly enough to write it. How unfor tunate for true virtuosi ' that such an eye should possess objects worthy the most discerning—the treasures of Blen heim ! " I do not find, though," added his majesty, " that this defect runs in his family, for Lady Di Beauclerk draws very finely." ploymen t, DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND CONTINENTAL WAITERS.—There was a difference of opinion in our party on the merits cf Meurice's cookery; but none on the promptitnde,dexterity, and grace of the attendance, which were quite without parallel in our experience. Indeed, the garcons of the continent are a far more agreeable class than our English waiters. Our waiters, with some plea sant exceptions, are a surly, ill-looking, ill-conditioned race, moving about with airs of injured innocence while you stay, and scowling at you when you depart, unless you pay them twice as much as the profit which their mas ters obtain on your bill. T,e , garcons are generally lively, light-hearted fellows, on excellent terms with themselves, and disposed to be pleased with every one else; vain of their trim jackets, open collars, and well-brushed hair, as a country actor is of his fine dress, and disposed like him to make the scene on which they move as cay and plea smt as possible. They seem conscious that you are in search of enjoyment, and sympathise with you in your ho liday. S :me of them, who speak broken English and ob tain higher wages for the accomplishment, supply the de ficiency of the English unlearned in French and German with a ready good-humour and delicacy of tact which really makes one feel personally grateful to them.—Ser geant Talfourd's Vacation Rambles. CHARGES FOR WATER MADE BY THE LIVERPOOL AND HARRINGTON CONIPANY.—Cottage property pays 5 per cent. if it be under £8 a-year ; but there are many hundreds of cottages in the town which are above £8 a-year, and these come under the charge of 6 per cent. I do most solemnly believe that the persons who live in houses between £8 and £2O per annum are, on the ave rage, more unable to pay their rents than the bulk of our working-classes are. It comprises that vast class who are a degree above the artizan or labourer, who are com pelled to keep a respectable exterior amidst much economy, and too often at a deprivation of every comfort. It com prises the bulk of widows, lodging-house keepers, clerks in mercantile offices, females who earn their living by dressmaking and teaching, pettit shopkeepers of every description ; and, indeed, forms, after the labouring ranks, the most numerous body in our population. These are charged the very highest rate, viz., 6 per cent ! Very many, a mere degree above these, are found in houses from £2O to £4O per annum, but as the assumed ability to pay increases, the per tentage diminishes. These are charged 5 per cent. As we proceed from £4O to £6O a year, we again discover the rate lowered tos per cent.,and from £6O upwards, still further redu. ed to 44 per cent. So that the wealthy man, who can afford to pay a rent above £6O, is charged half per cent. less than the labourer, and 1 per cent. less than the classes who pay with diffi culty a rent varying from £8 to £2O a-year ; and this you call " a charitable tax," and " the rich contributing to the support of his poorer neighbour !"—lllr. Ho'me's Letter. THE LATE KING OF SWEDEN.—In their notices of the late King of Sweden, the English newspapers have stated him to be the son of a peasant of Bearn. This is an error. He was by birth a citizen of Pau, the capital of that province, as is proved by the tablet placed by his fel low-townsman upon the walls of the house where he was born. His father was a counsellor of Parliament, of re spectab!e descent. At the period of the birth of-his son, destined to such high fortunes, there resided at Pau a Scot tish gentleman of rank, for the health of his family. They were on terms of intimacy with the Bernadotte family, and he stood godfather to the child. Young Bernadotte, edu cated with care, decided early on the military profession, which he entered as a volunteer. Shortly afterwards, his regiment was sent to the East Indies. In an engaeement wish the English he was severely wounded, and left on-the field of battle. He was found by an officer in our service, conveyed to his tent, his wounds dressed, and carefully nursed. The handsome, graceful, and intelligent youth, won on the affections of his preserver, who treated him as a son, until an exchange of prisoners enabled him to re turn to France. Many years passed away, and Marshal Bernadotte became commander-in-chief in the north of Germany. His early friend was a native of Hanover. The marshal made inquiries for the family, and found that the officer himself had retired from service to his na tive land, to spend his old age. An aide-de-camp was sent to invite him to the levee. He reluctantly obeyed, having no idea that in the governor of his country he was to meet his young friend of former days. Upon his en trance, the old officer was surprised to see the French marshal spring forward, clasp him in his arms, and burst into tears. " I see," said he, " you have forgotten the poor youth you saved and tended as a child." He then related to his officers the particulars of the event.—Fraser. IRISH TENANTS.—The object which so excited his astonishment was an assemblage of something more than a hundred poor people, of every sex and age—from infancy to dotage—seated on the grass, in a wide semicircle, and awaiting the moment when he should issue forth. Every phase of human misery which want and wretchedness can bestow was there. The cheeks of some were pale and haggard with recent sickness ; others had but a few tat tered rags to cover them; many were cripples, unable to move without assistance. There was wan and sickly childhood, and tremulous old age ; yet the tone of their voices showed no touch of sadness; they laughed and talked with all the seeming of light-heartedness; and many a droll and merry saying broke from the medley mass of suffering and sorrow. The sudden appearance of Sir Marmaduke at the door instantaneously checked all merriment, and solemn silence ensued, as he walked forth and stood in front of them. " What do you want, my good people ?" said he at length, as none seemed disposed to open the proceedings. Had their tongues been un locked by the spell of a magician, the effect could not have een nit,re instantaneous—a perfect volley of speech tol kwed, in which Sir Marmaduke in vain endeavoured to follow the words of any single speaker. Their rapid utterance, their vehement gesticulation, and a certain cutteral, mode of pronunciation, quite new to him, made them totally unintelligible, and he stood confused, per plexed, and confounded for several minutes, staring around on every side. " Do, in Heaven's name, be quiet," cried he at last ; let one or two only talk at a time. and I shall learn what you mean." A renewal of the clamour ensued ; but this time it was a general effort to enforce silence—a process which eventuated in a far greater uproar than before. " Who, or what are you ?" cried Sir Mar maduke, at last losing all temper, at the continuance of a tumult there seemed no prospect of coming to an end. " We're your honour's servants, every one of us," shouted the crowd with one voice.— The O'Donoghue. GRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE OPENING OF PAR LIAMENT.—I never recollect an opening of Parliament, either by our present gracious Sovereign, or by any of her royal predecessors. marked by so much popularity as that which distinguished the proceedings of Tuesday. All London literally out of doors ; and the Queen was loudly and frequently cheered in her progress to the House. She looked pale, as usual, on her way to Parliament, but laughed heartily on her return home. Your readers will perhaps excuse the familiarity of style. The interior of the House of Lords was also more than usually brilliant: the ladies, all of them young and divinely beautiful, came in great numbers: the House was only one huge parterre of lovely English flowers—most fragrant too, for I have never encountered such a sweet smelling savour in all m) life. The English ladies surely use perfumes to an extent beyond all others. To give one description of the House of Peers during the presence of the Queen might do very well for all; therefore I will not enter upon old descrip tions on the present occasion. While her Majesty was robing, Lord Glenlyon was the " observed of all ob servers." He was clad in the full Highland costume, and looked nobly. I have always viewed with pity the poor, white-legged, shambling devils, that one meets with at bats masques, in the Highland dress. One glimpse of Glenlyon dissipated every such recollection. And that glorious basket-hilted claymore which he had girt on his thigh—what tales it could have told if, like the Gentle Shepherd or Royer, "he could speak ?" Anon the Queen came into the House; the Commons were summoned; the lords and ladies present were graciously desired to sit down, which they immediately did—at least as many as could; all was silence; the usual minute or two had elapsed, Everett was speaking Yankee French with Aulaire ; no Commons, however, appeared—not even the hollow rumbling sound produced by their feet, as hurry ing along the matted galleries, was heard. The Queen looked round about her—bit her royal lips—became fid getty, and appeared angry. All was mute astonish men t. Whether Sir Augustus Clifford, the Usher of the Black Rod—the summoning officer—had got the gout, and could not hobble to the Commons fast enough—or whether the Speaker was in the same painful predicament, and could not come to the Lords so cleverly as he was wont, is still a mystery. After waiting double time, the Commons appeared. Her Majesty looked at Mr. Sneaker, as much as to say, " 'You're there; are you ?". The Speaker bowed in the affirmative,as was once said of Lord Abinger. In a moment the Queen's countenance was lit up, it beamed with good nature, and unfolding the speech, she read it in that unsurpassable manner which fascinates every auditor. The Queen is the most beautiful reader I have ever heard. It is impossible to describe her reading in adequate terms. The solemn allusion to the superintend ing care and protection of Divine Providence, with which the speech closed. as is customary, was pronounced with deep fervour. The Queen immediately after placed the Speech in the hands of the Chancellor, rose from the throne, took the arm of Prince Albert, got a kiss in the passage from the Duke of Cambridge (as is his custom,) and amidst the cheers of her subjects, was driven to Buckingham Palace. nent— TI-11-4. LIVERPOOL AtAfVDARD. TOWN EDITION. THE LATE MARQUIS OF WESTMINSTER. I LONDON NEWS OF YESTERDAY. We have intelligence from Lisbon to the 18th inst. On the night of the 17th the Queen was confined, and gave birth to a Princess. The medical bulletin of the 18th an nounces that her Majesty and the Infanta are going on well. The Parliamentary Committee decided this day, that the standing orders of the House had been complied with in the application for the Chester and Holyhead Railway Bill ; also as regards the Birkenhead Dock Bill. SANATORY REGULATIONS. The commissioners of inquiry into the state of large towns and populous places have just made their second report. It is a very lengthy document, and contains 30 distinct recommendations. The first recommendation is, that, in all cases, the local administrative body appointed for the purpose have the special charge and direction of all the works required for sanatory purposes ; but that the crown possess a general power of supervision. In their third recommendation, the commissioners, " to ren der unnecessary the frequent applications to parliament for additional powers and extension of jurisdiction," suegest that the crown be empowered to " define, and to enlarge, from time to time, the area for drainage included within the jurisdiction of the local administrative body." Recommendation 4 would make the appointment and dis mi-sal of the chief surveyor subject to approval. Clause 5 is most important. It recommends that " upon repre sentation being made by the municipal or other authority, or by a certain number of the inhabitants of any town or district, or part thereof, setting forth defects in the con dition of such place, as to drainage, sewerage, paving, cleansing, or other sanatory matters, the crown direct a competent person to inspect and report upon the state of the defect, and, if satisfied of the necessity, have power to enforce upon the local administrative body the due ex ecution of the law." Clause 7 empowers the local admi nistrative body to purchase the rights of parties affected by the improvements. Recommendation 9 is a general composition clause. Landlords of houses are to be rated in all cases where the yearly rental of the house is less than £lO. Subsequent clauses recommend that the cost of making the main and branch sewers be equitably dis tributed among the owners of properties benefited ; that the local administrative body be empowered to raise mo ney by way of loan, on the security of the rates; that the paving of towns be placed under the management of the same authority as the drainage, and that the limits for both purposes be co-extensive. That the usual provisions in local acts, vesting the dust, ashes, &c., in the adminis trative body, be made general; that the more con.mon nuisances incidental to large towns be declared nuisances, and be summarily abated ; that the provisions in local acts with regard to the consumption of smoke be made general, and that the principle be extend , d to steam-boats plying within the limits of any city or town. That power be given to the local administrative body to ascertain the cause of noxious exhalations, and to take legal proceed ings for the abatement of the evils. Recommendations 17 to 21 relate to the supply of water. They would make it imperative on the local administrative body, charged with the management of the sewerage and drainage, to procure a supply of water in sufficient quantit+es, not only for the domestic wants of the inhabitants, but also for cleansing the streets, scouring the sewers and drains, and the extinction of fire. For this purpose they would give the local administrative body power to contract with existing companies, and to purchase the interest of par ties in water-works; and that, as soon as the pipes are laid down, and a supply of water can be afforded to the inhabitants, all dwelling-houses capable of benefiting by such supply be rated in the same way as for sewerage, and other local pia; poses ; and the owners of small tene ments be made liable to pay the rates for water. With regard to public improvements, the commissioners recom mend that, subject to proper control, the local adminis trative body be empowered to raise money for the pur chase of property, for the purpose of opening thorough fares, and widening streets, courts, and alleys, so as to improve the ventilation of the densely crowded districts of towns, as well as to incre ise the general convenience of traffic. Recommendation 23 lays down the proper dimensions for courts and alleys. The three succeeding recommendations would make general the . provisions pro hibiting the use of cellars as dwellings various cases, and provide that all new houses be furnished with neces sary conveniences; and that a proper ventilation be se cured in all public buildings and schools . Recommenda tion 27 would give the local administrative body power to require any landlord to properly cleanse premises in a fil thy or unwholesome state, and in case of his neglect or inability, to do so by its own officers, and recover the expense from the landlord. The next paragraph recom mends that magistrates have power to license and i ssue rules for the regulation of lodging-houses for the recep- Lion of vagrants. Recommendation 29 gives the local administrative body power to appoint a medical officer to inspect and report periodically on the sanatory condition of the town or district. The hat recommendation is, " That, for the purpose of aiding the establishment of public walks, in addition to the legal facilities adverted to, the local administrative body be empowered to raise the necessary funds for the management and care of the walks, when established." In an appendix attached to the report is the evidence taken before the commissioners relative to the sanatory condition of Birmingham, Bath, Bridgewater, Bristol, and Clifton. It appears quite cer tain, from the expressed intentions of the mini3try, that a legislative enactment, founded on the labours of the com missioners, will be laid before parliament during the pre sent session, and there is every reason to believe that such a measure will speedily become the law of the land. One effect of its adoption would be the annual saving of large sums of money now expended in parliamentary costs, consequent upon the passing of local acts. We regret to have to record the death of the Marquis of Westminster, which event took place on Monday night at half-past ten. The late Marquis was the eldest son of the late Sir Richard Grosvenor, successively created Baron Grosvenor, Viscount Belgrave, and Earl Grosvenor, who married on the 19th July, 1761, Henrietta, daughter of Mr. Vernon, of Hilton-park, in the county of Stafford. The late Marquis was born on the 22d of March, 1767, and therefore at the time of his decease was in the 78th year of his age. In due time the youthful hope of the house of Grosvenor was transferred to the celebrated school of Harrow-on-the-Hill, a place at which many men of high station and distinguished fame have commenced the more public part of their education. The records of that ancient seminary may, perhaps, contain sonic evidence that the future Marquis stood high amongst his contem poraries ; but, if the fact be so, the fame of it has not reached the present age, and will therefore never descend to posterity. From Harrow he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated there with as little distinction as had attended his career at school. When the Marquis of Westminster was a youth, every man of good family made the grand tour accompanied by a tutor, or governor as he was so m e'i mes ca ll e d. L or d W estm i nster had for In the report of the Railway Committ ee o f th e B oar d travelling compa n i on a very remar k a bl e man—the cele- of Trade on the South Eastern line, whi c h h as b een l a id brated Gifford, who was th e fi rs t, an d certa i nly most emi- before parliament, a long explanation is en t ere d i n t o o f vent editor of the f ar -f ame d Q uar t er l y R eview. Every the reasons which have influenced th e comm it tee i n giv one knows that Willi am Giff or d was or i g i nally a shoe- frig a preference to lines in certain districts. Th ese rea sons cannot fail to interest all con nec t e d w i t h ra il ways, maker : the accid en t w hi c h p rocure d f or hi m the patronage of the first L or d G rosvenor occurre d t h us,—Gifford was or railway speculations, as upon them, th e d ec i s i on i n t h e in the habit of corresponding with the Rev. W. Peters, case of the South Western, and lines similarly circum whose letters were for war d e d un d er cover to L ord Gros- stanced, has been come to. venor. One d a y Giff or d i na d vertent l y omitted to direct In this, as in every other c ase , we h ave en d eavoure d to the enclosed epistle, and his Lordship opened it. He took keep steadily in view the attainment of the greatest a fancy to the wr it er — sen t for the friendless yo u th— as - amount of public advantage. We h ave no t recogn i se d sisted him with mone y an d countenance, and appointed the existence of anything like a v e s t e d r i g ht i n ex i s ti ng c him tutor to th e y oung L or d B e l grave, whom, as already companies to be protected from the same de scr ipti on o f stated, he accomp an i e d t o th e con ti nent , w i t h probably as competition which they have themselves i n fli c t e d on much advantage to hi s c h arge as th a t young gentleman was canals and other existing modes of commun i ca ti on . Be capable of receiving ; but of which no very remarkable yond, perhaps, a bare preference, in cases of absolute traces appear to have been l e ft, f or ne i t h er i n t h e P arlia- equality, due to the interest of shareholders, who them. mentary debates nor by an y o th er pu bli c means did he selves constitute a portion of th e p u bli c , we h ave not manifest much acquainta nc e w ith f ore i gn po li cy, manners, considered that an existing railway co m p an y cou ld c l a i m history, or liter a t ure . B a t hi s mora l c h aracter and his any preference over other parties proposing to effect the discretion were unimpeachable, same objects, beyond that which might result from an Having spent a f ew y ears a t sc h oo l , h av i ng graduated at identification of interest with the p u bli c . an university, a n d h av i ng t rave ll e d on the continent, it Considering the subject in thi s p o i n t o f v i ew , it up was thought by himself, and acknowledged by his friends, pears to us that as a general rule the most important that the time had arrived when his Lordship ought to set- ,I point for the interests of the publi c i s t o secure t h e b est the in life ; therefore, on the 28th o f A pr il, 1794 , b e i ng permanent lines of railway communication for the coun try at large and for the wants of the districts. To sanc then in the 27th year of his age, he e s p ouse d th e L a d y tion an inferior or unnecessarily ci rcu it ous li ne , propose d Eleanor Egerton, only surviving daughter and heir of Thomas by an existing company, or to r e j ec t one o f d ec id e d pub the peculiarities first Earl of Wilton. Fro m thi s a lli ance one of liarities of the house of Gr osvenor i s d er i ve d . A s j lic and local advantage, proposed by a new company , f or almost every reader kno ws , it i s by no means unusua l f or the sake of any terms that could be off e r e d by an exist the eldest son of a Peer to be summone d t o th e same as- ing company, would, in our opi n i on , b e , excep t un d er pe culiar circumstances, uns th e l sembly with his father during the lifeti me o f th e l a t ter, b y thus sacrificed, and unwis fair toward e as regards the ocal interests general stn one of the secondary titles vested in the family, to which permanent interests of the public. he is destined eventually to succeed ; but it i s a remarks- We have, therefore, as a general rule, considered it as ble fact connected with the house of Gr osvenor , th at t h e an essential preliminary requisite, bef or e en t er i ng upon second, and not the eldest, son for many years enjoyed a the question of giving protection to existing companies seat in the,House of Lords concurrently w ith hi s f at h er, by allowing them to complete the r a il wa y communicati w hose death we have announced. This i s th e p resent Earl ons of particular districts, that the lines proposed by of Wilton, who derives that title from hi s ma t erna l grand them shall be. in all substantial re s p ec t s , soun d i n them father, and who has relinquished the name of Grosvenor selves, and not inferior to those proposed by any other in order to assume that of Egerton. The father-in-law of parties. the deceased Marquis of 'Westminster, findi ng himself The principle here stated, that competition loses more without male issue, procured a new patent for his Earldom or less of its value as a security for the public, a hen, of Wilton, entailing that title upon the second and younger from the nature of the case, it is limi'ed to two or three sons of the Marquis successively, considering, naturally parties, who are constantly urged by mutual interest to enough, that the eldest son had sufficient wealth and ho combine, has received abundant corroboration from the nours in his paternal inheritance. The late Earl of Wil- experience of what has alre a ace in the history ton died in 1814, and the n th e p resen t E ar l succeede d to of railways. those honours which his gran df a th er h a d procure d w i t h The following instances may be mentioned where rail the peculiar remainder ab ove no ti ce d. Si x y ears after wards Lord Wilton assum e d th e name an d arms o f E ger - way companies, in a situation to com p e t e , h av e, a ft er a ton, and nothing will remain in future generations to mark short time, either amalgamated or combined together, so a connexion between hi s d escen d an t s an d th e power f u l as to put an end to competition : house of Grosvenor. This necessary explanation respe c t- The Leeds and Selby with the York and North Mid ing the peerage of Lord Wilton having b e e n di s p ose d o f , land ; in this case the former line being virtually for seve we resume the thread of Lord Westminst er ' s bi ograp h y. ral years shut up. He entered politi ca l lif e un d er th e aus pi ces o f M r. Pi tt, The Birmingham arid Derby with the Midland Counties. the first place which h e represented bei ng E as t L ooe, t h e The Chester and Crewe with the Grand Junctio n . second being the city of Chester; but in the y ear 1802 hi s The Manchester and Birmingham with the Londonand Birmingham. father's death, by raising him to the peerage, put an end The Bolton and Preston with the North Union. to his functions as a member of the lower house. When The Northern and Eastern with the Eastern Counties. Lord Westminster was only 22 years of age he was a p t On the other hand, we are not aware of a single insta nce pointed one of the Lords of the Ad m i ra lt y , an d h eld tha which can be pointed out, in which the public are now situation till the year 1791. In 1793 he was appointed one deriving any benefit from direct competition between the of the Commissioners of the Board of Control, and during railways. the revolutionary war with F rance h e ra i sed i n W estmin- In addition to the instances of combination between di ster a regiment of volunteers, which he commanded for rectly competing companies, recent experience has fur several years. In those d a y s h e was a T ory, an d a warm Dished numerous instances of the tendency of smaller supporter of Mr. Pitt's administration ; but, on the lines, originally sanctioned as independent unde r t a ki ngs , death of that great ma n , h e j o i ne d t h e Whi g party, an d to them he remai n ed f a ithf u l f or 40 years . to resign their independence into the bands of po wer ful neighbours. We may mention, amo ng e th er i ns t ances o f His character ha s now b een b e f ore t h e wor ld f or more than 56 yea rs . If th e ques ti on b e as k e d, w h o were his this tendency, the amalgamation or l ease o f th e Sheffield celleagues in office? w ith w h om was h e accus t ome d to and Manchester to the Midl an d an d M anc h es t er an d Bir act ? or agai ns t w ho m was his opposition directed? we mingham ; of the B r i s t o l an d E xe t er , an d Cheltenhamand Great Western, with th e G rea t W estern ; o f th e H u ll might find at one extremity of the list the names of Pitt, and Selby, and Ma nc h es t er an d B o l top , w i t h the ch M an - Burke, Wyndh a m, or F ox , a nd at the other may be seen ester and Leeds ; of the North Union ith the Liver those of Sir Robert Peel, or Mr. Gladstone, or th e Earl pool and Manchester and Grand Junction; w of the Green of Dalhousie, or Lori John Russell, or any other amongst wich with the South-Eastern ; of the Sheffield and Ro the men' of the present day. Of course, when he adopted therham with the Midland ; of the Chester and Birken the Liberal side in politics, he devoted himself to the task I head with the Chester and Holyhead • of tire Bristol and of recommending that economy in th e s t a t e o f w hi c h h e I Gloucester with the Birmingham and' Gloucester. Be set so good an example in his own numerous establish- I merits, at the same time supportin g a re p ea l o f th e pena l sides others that might be quoted. laws against the R oman C a th o li cs , oppos i ng t h e Bill of ' The same principle has received further elucidation from Pains and Penalties aga i ns t th e Q ueen o f G eorge IV ., the inquiries of parliamentary committ e es on f ormer oc - casions, as well as from the great body o f ev id ence col and a Reform in Parliament. Th e h onours o f th e h ouse q contending for a repeal of the Test an d C orporat i on Acts, leered by the Commissioners of Inquiry into the s a nato r y of Westminster of course de scen d t o hi condition of large towns, in regard t o th e opera ti on o f t h e s lordship's eldest principle of competition, as c o m p are d t o th a t o f well-re son, Richard, Earl Grosvenor. B es id es th e present Mar quis and the Earl of Wilton, his Lordship's o n ly other gulated monopoly, in the an a lo g o us cases o f wa t er an d child is Lord Robert Grosvenor, for he h a d no daughters. gas companies. Indeed, it is too evide n t, as a genera l proposition, to be disputed, although great caution may On these three sons, therefore, devolve the representation i be required in its application, and in discriminating those of one of the most ancient families in the kingdom. cases where the competition is of a pure and simple na- The Marquisate of Westminster was conf erre d by th e tore, such as must eventually lead to a compro m i se , f rom Whigs in 1831, and he received the Order of the Garter those where a certain degree of indirect and incidental immediately previous to the accession of Sir Robert Peel competition may exist, from which the public may expect to power, in 1841. to derive lasting benefit, either in the shape of reduction The noble Marquis was taken ill on Sunday, the 9th of this month, and though the strength of a na t ura ll y good of charge or of extension of accommodation. constitution occasionally enabled him to rally, the unfa- When an existing railway company proposes scheme s vourable symptoms continued on the wh o l e t o i ncrease . which, although only partially sufficient for the f u ll accom modation of the district, may yet be sufficient to prevent About five o' c lo c k on Monday evenin g a s hi ver i ng fi t came on, which, combined with other signs of a p proac h- other parties from entering the field with furth e r or im proved istrict, t he arguments againe ing, dissolution, deprived his assembled f am ily o f any h ope creation roiects in that d de monopoly acquire additional strength. st th eT that he could recover. At about half-past ten o'clock he I simpler case is when, as in the present instance, the exist breathed his last in the presence of the present Marquis of Westminster. The Marchioness ( now d owa - frig comp an y i s a ble and willing to offer guara n t ee f or th e public advantage superior to any that can be afforded by ger), the present Marchioness, and other membe rs o f hi s Lordship's f am ily w ere in attendance. a new comp an y. The remains of the late Marquis of Westmin s t er w ill b e Of the ability of an old company to offer such guaran tees, there can, generally speaking, be little doubt. in accordance with the deceased's desire, this d a y, deposited in a v a u lt in Eccleston Church, near Chester, lstly. An estabdshed company, who has a valuable pro perty and large available income, independent of the new scheme, can, of course, offer a guarantee for the fulfilment of all that it undertakes to accomplish greatly superior to that of any new company, however respectable. This consideration derives great weight from the expe rience which has been already afforded of the failure of theymany w n e e r w e inoo comes r p n a o n r i a te to d. wr eneed h on h n l e y objects refer t for o the which in stance of the Eastern Counties Company, which was incorporated as a line from London to Norwich, and has t n h e e v r e r r l a y n e d t E b a e s e t n e r c n a , r r w i e h d i eh b e f y o o r n u d la C n o y lc y h ea e r st a e a r to ; hort of p o p f ed th s e Nor- Cambridge ; and of the Great North of England, which abandoned the portion of its line between Darlington and Newcastle. 2 n T a he traffic be worked of asy stem moreof l i nesconn economicallyecte andcon veniently d wi tlio n e a p n e o d t id h l e Y. t ee n r c 0 n . panies. Tire co m pany which works the main always under one uniform managemen t than by inde pendent line, and possesses th e p r i nc ip a l terminal stations, can run more frequent trains, and make better arrange ments for forwarding the traffic of the cross lines, than it could afford to do if or three separate establishments had to be maintained, and the harmony of arrangements depended upon two or three independent authorities. Under such circumstances, a conflict of feeling and inte rest has almost invariably grown up, from which the pub lic has suffered the most serious inconvenience. When the traffic is large, this conflict has frequently led not only to increased inconvenience, but to increased danger ; and where the terminus of a portion of the rails of the company have been common to the other, these results have been greatly aggravated THE BOARD OF TRADE RAILWAY COMMITTEE idly. Aicestablish - ed company can always, if so disposed, offer guarantees and advantages for a greater extent of railway than the new company, viz., for the existing as well as the projected lines. When the existing company is already in the possession of the principal trunk of the district, the advantage of securing such guarantees for the whole system, rather than for only a small portion of it, is rendered more apparent. The Select Committee of last session, for reasons which are stated in their report, attach great importance to the obtaining of guarantees from existing companies, by vo luntary arrangements similar to those which they recom mended, and which Parliament subsequently adopted in the case of new railways, and express a strong hope, " that among the existing companies there may be those which will be disposed to accede to arrangements, resembling, in their general Principle and effect, those which are now proposed for new railways." 4thly. Whatever guarantees may be thus offered by ex isting companies possess the double advantage, as com pared with similar offers from new companies, of coming into immediate operation, and of being more certainly rendered effectual. An offer from a new company to bind itself to charge fares considerably lower than those usual upon other lines, might readily be made, in the hope of thereby securing their bill ; the fulfilment of it would d . epend almost entirely upon the eventual success of the and its ability to p er f orm i ts engagemen t s . No act of Parliament could compel an insolvent concern to carry on at as low rates and afford as ample accommodation as a prosperous undertaking might be able to do. A mode rate offer from an established company, who can be relied on ta fulfil their engagements, is therefore preferable to one apparently more advantageous than a new company. For these, among other reasons, we conclude that the policy indic a t e d b y th e comm i t t ee o f l as t session, of giving a prefere n c e t o th e sc h emes o f ex i s ti ng railway companies for supplying their own districts, when such schemes are as good or b e tt er th an t h ose o f an y other parties, where no special reasons exist which should induce us to look for advantage from competition, and where the old company voluntarily offers such guarantee as may reasonably be re quired to protect the public against the possible abuses of monopoly, or such conditions as at once place the :public in a better position than they could hope to obtain from competition, is that from which the greatest amount of permanent public advantage is likely to b e derived. We by no means intend these principles to be consi dered as rules of universal application, being satisfied that no abstract or invariable rule can be safely laid down by which to decide cases of such complexity, and varying so greatly in detail ; but we have thought it desirable to state thus generally the views which have' guided us in cases like this of the South - Eastern district, and upau w hi c h we have arrived must mainly depend. MARK-LANE CORN EXCHANGE At this day's market we had only a short supply rf English wheat, and the general runs being in better condition, were sold more readily at fully th currency of this day week. The transactions in free foreign were mostly in small parcels, at late rates. Fine malting Barley maintained our previous rates, with a somewhat better derna d; other sorts were difficult of sale, without any eh mg, in value. . Our supplies of - Oats were large during the past week, but scarcely any additional arrivals have come to hand this morn. mg. No progress could be made in sales until a reduction of fully lid per quarter was yielded to buyers, who then only pur chased sparingly. Malt, Beans and Pease were in li*.nited re quest, and buyers had the turn in their favour. CURRENCY PER IMPERIAL MEASURE Wheat, Essex and Kent. Red White 8. d. S. d 38 0 47 0 43 0 54 0 38 0 46 0 42 0 —5O 0 Norfolk and Lincoln, red White Irish, red . White Rye, old 30 0-34 0 35 0-36 0 23 0-28 0 33 0-37 0 38 0— 00 0 58 0 62 0 36 0-60 0 63 0— 6i 0 64 o— 65 0 22 0 23 0 24 0 25 0 21 0-22 0 22 0 23 0 23 0 24 0 35 0 37 0 38 0-42 0 35 C —37 0 36 0-40 0 36 0 38 0 38 0 43 0 40 0-45 0 :13 0-35 0 33 0 35 0 Barley, Grinding Malting Chevalier Malt, Suffolk and Norfolk Brown Kingston and Ware Chevalier Oats, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, feed Potatoe Youghall and Cork, black Cork, white Scotch, feed Beans, tick Pigeons Pease, Grey White Boilers, Flour, town made Suffolk Stockton and Norfolk FOREIGN GRAIN AND FLOUR IN BOND, Wheat, Dantzic.. Hamburg 32 0 - 36 0 30 0 - - Oats, new 27 0-29 0 17 0 - 19 0 15 0 - 17 0 24 0 - 29 0 28 0 - 32 0 21 0 - - 20 0 - - Flour, American Baltic .... SMITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET, The supply of Beasts from our own districts being somewhat on the increase, and the attendance of both town and country buyers by no means numerous, the beef trade was extremely dull, at a decline in the currencies obtained on Monday last of 2d. per Sibs., the very highest figure for the beat Scots not ex ceeding 4s per Sibs., and a clearance was not effected. The number of Sheep were tolerably good, but i of to say ex tPnsivc. For most kinds the demand was very steady, at fully, but at nothing quotable, beyond last week's curren c i es . _ _ We had a very limited number of Calves on off.T. yet the Veal trade was heavy, en easier terms—the extreme quotation not exceeding Ss. per Sibs. Neat , mall Porkers were in fair request, but all other qualities sold heavily. Per Sibs. to sink the offal. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Inferior Beasts.... 2 6 '2 10 Second quality do. 3 4--- 3 8 Second quality do. 3 0— 3 4 Coarse do. 3 20— 4 0 Prime large Oxen. 3 6 3 8 SouthdownWethers 4 2 4 4 Prime Scots, &c... 3 10— 3 0 Do. out of the wool -- Coarse Calves .... 3 IP 4 6 , Large II gs Small do. Suckling do. each.; 0-32 O,Qr. old Pigs, each 16 0-2 u 0 nferior Sheep 2 10— 3 2' Lambs SUPPLY AT MARKET. Busts, 3,003.... Sheep, 26,340.... Calves, 64 .... Pigs, 321 LONDON SHARE MARKET. The Railway Shares have not been so brisk this morning, and prices are in some c ses rather lower. Birmingham have been last done at 23 , Bristol and Gloucester I Bristol and Exeter 83, Caledonian 7*, Ca , , bridee and Lincoln 21, Chester and Holyhead 8, Churnet Valley 7i, Direct Northern Ij, Eastern Counties 17, Great Western 175, Great Western Fla ves 100, Brighton 58, Cr ydon 18 London and York 7a, Newcastle and Berwick 144, North British 131, Northern and Eastern 61, Shrewsbury, Wolverhampton. & Dudley 4i, South Eastern 3p4, South Wales 41, Trent Valley 194, Great Northern of France 54-, Toulouse 24, Orleans and Vierzon 13i, Paris and Orleans 46i. THE GLASS DUTIES.—The following are the present duties on glass which Sir Robert Peel purposes to abol ish :—Plate glass, 3s. 2d. per foot ; crown glass, £2 16s. per cwt.; flint glass and black bottles, 7s. per cwt. ENGLISH LOVE OF FACTS.—Look at our chimney pieces, what ornaments crown their beauty? An endless mixture of indisputable facts? First, there's a bit of the Great Pyramid ; then a hit from the tower of Babel ; next a drop of the Red Sea in a bottle, and a pebble from the very brook where David got his stone with which he killed Goliath : with collateral hints there is a probability that this may be the st , ne. This is not fora love of property; it is not from a selfish desire to accumulate; it is nothing but an intense relish for the indisputable evidence of the existence of celebrated things. Will you believe, I picked up at a stall an old edition of Waller, and in it I found a bit of black paper stuck inside; underneath it was writ ten, " This is a hit of one of the celebrated cartoons of Hampton Court !" This principle, the love of fact, will also account for the infantine imbecility to touch every thing we see ; whether it be a fine picture, a beautiful sta tue, or an extraordinary man. Do the English feel as sured of the correctness of their eyes ? not in the least ; after seeing, up go the fingers, and very often, not satis fied with sight and touch, they taste. When the well was pointed out in which the poor Italian boy was burked, a genteel woman, well dressed, knelt down and tasted the water! And when Blucher and Platoff were in England, people were not satisfied with seeing or shaking hands, they insisted on hits of their dress, and portions of the hair of their very heads! In fact, an Englishman never seems convinced of the truth of his perceptions until every sense has conveyed them to every iota of his understanding.— Hayden's Lectures on Painting and Design. THE DESTRUCTION OF SMALL BIRDS.—We learn from a French journal, that the prefect of the Lower Seine has given effect to a French law enabling magis trates to prohibit the destruction of crows, rooks, and similar birds ; and it is expected that his example will be generally followed. In this the French show good sense, and set an example which the English would do well to imitate. While we are ignorantly exterminating our surest friends, the French are throwing over them a legal shield. A great English gentleman may afford to have his park and his tenants' fields devoured by grubs and similar vermin: for small losses are less felt when there is much to lose. But the injury inflicted by such perni cious enemies is ruin to the small French proprietors, who have so little in possession that they have nothing to waste. No wonder, then, that they would have formed an alliance, offensive and defensive with their friends the crows. A compact like this is not so brilliant as that with Morocco, but ii has the merit of being quite as use fol. It would be i to assert that birds consume no thing which, but for them, we might consume ourselves. They feed in part at fair expense. They destroy the in sects that infest our garden,,, when they can find any, and when the inserts are gone they search for other food. The first is their labour; the second is their wages. And is not the workman worthy of his hire? The man who grudges a bird a little seed for fruit might as well be grudge his werkly pay to the labourer. There is no doubt that a garden would be less expensive if all the work in it were done for nothing. If a master could pocket his servant's wages, he would have more to spend upon himself. But this sort of arrangement is not ex actly consistent with the design of Providence ; and we are sure that it would not meet with the approbation of either of our friends, Scrutator or Furibua liostis. We repeat it, then, let us look at birds as skilful workmen, and the fruit or seed which they tat, as the coin in which they are paid their wages.—Gardeners' Chronicle. DEFICIENT SUPPLY OF W ATER IN LIVERPOOL. —It is absolutely disgrcaeful that in the whole town, except at two or three cattle trouzhs, established, not by the liberality of your company, but by the praiseworthy ef forts of the late Mr. Egerton Smith, and for supplying which you are well paid by the Corporation, there is not a single place in Liver pool where any man can get a glass of water without begging it: your act prevents any but yourselves from selling it. Is this worthy of the town? The truth is, that because water is doled out by companies who enjoy the sole right of selling it, and who will not part with a drop except for the quid pro quo, we have not had, and without exertion never should have had, enough of water for any purpose whatever, except in the houses of those who could afford spacious cisterns. Let any man who has visited the Continent contrast the supply of water in their large towns and cities with the state of things here. In Paris, Brussels, Lyons, Florence, Genoa, Rome, and, indeed, in almost every town, public fountains are constantly playing ; all the art cf the statuary is employed in their construction, and they are not only useful, but highly ornamental. But, alas ! there is such a woeful deficiency of water under Liverpool—it is such a costly thing to raise it to the surface—there is such imminent danger of the springs of John Company being diverted, that the precious drops must be husbanded as if they were molten gold ; not a drop must be used beyond the stern demand of necessity ; and as to public fountains, why it would make the worthy Chairman's hair stand on end only to think of such extravagance!! He has kept his economical eye so closely upon the tap, that he la ments most pathetically even " the waste that runs down the channels during the working of the engine at a fire." Public fountains, indeed!! where cattle might drink, and water be seen playing antics, and then—running away ! What, without being paid fourpence or sixpence a tun for it ? It is extravagance—folly —nonsense—and cannot for a moment be entertained! No, Mr. Banner, we shall see no public fountains while you are the chairman of a com pany to dole it out in the smallest quantities at the high est price but when we see the mayor of Liverpool chair man, ex-officio, of a really public company, and which before long must be the case, whether you like it or not-- then, shall we have fountains in many parts, and then,— but not till then shall we have the means of giving a poor foreign seaman a glass of water without being under the melancholy necessity of compelling him either to buy, to beg, or to steal it.—Mr. Holmes'. Pamphlet. Feb. 25, 184 THE TENURE OF LAND IN IRELAND The long-expected Report of " the Commissioner pointed to inquire into the Law and Practice in respe the Occupation of Land in eland," has just been pu circulation. The following is a list of the heads o Report :—" Course of Proceedings by Commissions Historical Sketch of Landed Property in Ireland— view of former Reports—Tenure : of Landlord. of Te —Permanent Improvements : how generally effected, to provide Compensation for, power to Landlord to eh estates for—Consolidation of Farms: different mode effecting, and observations upon them—Recovery of If by Distress, by Ejectment, amendments of the law a both these processes, Tenants from year to year— posed Form of Lease in certain Cases :—Stamp Dit Registration of Leases—Agents, including Receivers der the Courts—Sale of Estates : Facilities for mal out lisle—Agricultural Instruction—Emigration_\% Lands—Public Works—Amendment of Public W, Act—Labourers : their condition, con-acre—County C observations upon, and suggestions for, alterations-5, gestions for amendment of Law upon several miser neous matters—Agrarian Outrages—Conclusion." subjoin " the conclusion," from which our r aders be able to form a judgment of the general characts the Report , We have thus endeavoured to lay before your Maj , the conclusions at which we have arrived, after the ext sive inquiry in which we have been engaged. We are aware of the difficulties that surround the whole sub of that inquiry. One class of persons have been am toured to look exclusively to legislative interference fc removal of the evils to which Ireland is exposed; wh others despair entirely of any beneficial effect upon social condition from such interference. We do not as with either of these classes. We know that the best rected measures of parliament cannot produce the desi effect, unless aided and enforced by the steady, as wel active exertions of the people of all ranks and conditi in their respective spheres ; but we are at the same ti satisfied that a very beneficial change may be effected the united and vigorous efforts of the legislature ant individuals. We cannot despair when we find a court enjoying such natural advantages as Ireland possess with a large extent of uncultivated or unimproved la] and a numerous population, able and willing to labou opportunities are afforded to them. On the contrary, confidently believe, that by an examination of the facts they actually exist, and by a close attention to Beta means may be found for removing many or most of the partial and particular obstacles, which have hitherto greatly impeded the beneficial employment of labour, a obstructed the enjoyment of those advantages which country such as Ireland is calculated to afford. But tl desirable result cannot be looked for, unless the unit and vigorous efforts of all classes in Ireland are direct towards it. Instances are to be seen in every part of t country of estates upon which the liberal conduct and E tive superintendence of a resident landlord, or of a re dent and judicious agent, have established a system progressive improvement as to the land, and of increasi comfort to the people, which are, unfortunately, wanti in many other districts. We trust that one effect, at least, of our labours will to rouse the attention of many who have as yet thong little upon the subject, and to encourage them to folk the example thus held out to them. Above all, we won call upon all such persons not to rest satisfied with m vague or general notion of the st ite of the populatit with which they are connected, but carefully to exacta' all circumstances, in order that they may apply tho remedies which shall be appropriate to the case, as well sufficient for the purpose of relief. The voluminous ev dente collected by us, in all parts of Ireland, with tl numerous returns and other documents transmitted to u present a mass of information upon the social conditit of that country which must serve as a useful guide to e those who desire to employ their efforts for improvemel in the right direction, and upon sound principles ; and o feel satisfied that great advantage may be derived fro placing in their true light many facts and circumstance hitherto little known or greatly misunderstood. Whit we have, in various parts of this report, made observe tions in the nature of advice to some of those who of landlords in Ireland, we trust at the same time to be pet mitted to remark shortly upon the conduct too often put sued by some of the class of tenants. There is frequent) a readiness among these to attribute their own wretche condition exclusively to the conduct of their landlords sometimes with an utter disregard of truth, and a hnot always without admitting, perhaps without seeing, hot much of it arises from their own indolence or want c skill. The truth is, to use a familiar expression, the faults are in many cases to be found on both sides ; and considering how uninformed a large portion of the Iris) population is, a heavy responsibility rests upon all those to whom the poorer classes have a right to look for informe tion and advice. The foundation of almost all the evil' by which the social condition of Ireland is disturbed, to be traced to those feelings of mutual distrust, whist too often separate the classes of landlord and tenant, aO l prevent all united exertion for the common benefit. It has been truly said, that confidence is a plant of slog growth. It is, however, a plant which will flourish wel l in Irish soil, if cultivated with patience and with care We say particularly withpatience, because we believe tbal many excellent persons, having the best intentions to' wards improving the cultivation of the soil and the con' dition of the people in Ireland, have been too easily di; verted from their course by feelings of disappointment at the slow progress which is made towards the attainmen t of those ends, and the little result which is perceived froto their most anxious endeavours. We would earnestly /Dv press upon such persons, and upon all who have the tereq of Ireland at heart, not hastily to relax from thou exertions which circumstances may enable them to maker in forwarding the march of improvement amongst their, poorer neighbours. Without touching upon the politico or other causes which may have contributed to create °, feeling of distru s t, we canno t di sgu i se f rom ourselves OP the Irish peasant is inclined to look with suspicion upon all attempts of his labour to inculcate new habits or t° introduce new plans for the management of his lands' A very considerate and benevolent landlord will mak?, much allowance for thi s f ee li ng . H e w ill not su ff er s o' exhibition of it to turn him aside from any scheme of ifo' provement upon which, after deliberation, he has deter' mined to enter. He must be prepared for frequent diser pointment. He will occasionally meet with ingratitud e and injustice; but if he perseveres' in a spirit of kindness' united with firmness o f p ur p ose , h e may conf i dently 100 to a well-me r it e d rewar d, pro b a bl y i n the advancemen t °i his personal interest, but certainly in the improvement the district in which he lives, and the increasing comfo rt of the people around him. All which we humbly certify t g your Majesty, &c." SPO EZTING INTELLIGENCE. BETTING AT TATTERSALL'S-THURSDAY• CHESTER CUP, 9 to 1 agst Mr. Jaques's Semiseria 15 1 Mr. A. Johnstone's The Era (taken) 17 1 Obscurity (taken) 18 1 Mr. Parry's Zanoni (taken) 20 1 Mr. W. Scott's Cataract 22 1 The Duke of Richmond's Strathspey (take° 25 1 Mr. Bell's Winesour (taken) 25 1 Mr. H. Stebbing's Celeste 25 1 Mr. Gully's St. Lawrence 30 1 Mr. Irwin's Pride of Kildare 35 1 Lord G. Bentinck's Pug (taken) 35 1 Sir R. W. Bullceley's Hemp (taken) 35 1 Mr. Williamson's Extempore (taken) 50 1 Mr. Irwin's Foig-a-Ballagh 60 1 Mr. Coleman's Devil's Dust. Very little in the shape of alteration will be notice „,,,g the prices retu rne d ; b us i ness, i n f act, was in no res t important bey on d e li c i t i ng a f avoura b le feeling t0w0,14, Zanoni, Wine sour , an d S trat h spey. W e h ave quoted Pr noni's price up to what we considered the close of the g re g neral betting; we were i n f orme d , h owever, t h at tb .4 points less were tak e n t o £2OO a f ew in i nutes b e f or e 1 4 3 ' 0 doors were clo s ed, b u t as a t t h a t t i me t h e majority o f subscribers had left, we are di s p ose d to l oo k upon la to as the actual market price. THE DERBY. 10 to 1 agst Mr. Greville's Alarm, (take 11 to 1) 14 1 Col. Peel's Cobweb colt (taken) 15 1 Col. Anson's Kedger 18 1 Lord Che , terfield's Newsmonger (taken) 28 1 Lord Glasgow's Miss Whip colt 30 1 Mr. St. Paul's Mentor 30 1 Mr. Mostvn's Pantasa 35 1 Mr. Gully's Old England (taken) '0) 40 1 Mr. A. W. Hill's Ironm a st er (t a k en all 40 1 Mr. A. Johnstone's Annandale 40 1 Mr. Jaques's Anti-Repealer 66 1 Mr. Ford's Fu'boz (taken' 60 1 General Yates's Seaman (taken) 16 1 Mentor and Pantasa (taken) tlO/ Newsmonger and the Mis s Whip co lt rece i ve d a fa of lift, and we have yet to see a better position in the t o p' ket. 13 and 14 to 1 was laid t o £3OO or £4OO agst n t web colt, 4,000 to 100 agst Ironmaster (all in), I, lo ll' 15 agst Seaman, and a few other bets of small aro° Business, on the whole, was bad. OAKS. 10 to 1 to a sm a ll sum agst M a id o f O rleans, il - I3U to 10 agst Miss Elis, were the only bets we heard race ; both were afterwards offered. LATEST BETTING IN MANCHESTER', O , FRIDAY EVEN° There was scarcely any business done at tlie r0 0111 ,,11 / day, and but a sli g ht a tt en d ance. The follow into statement of the offers, &c. CHESTER CUR 11 to 1 -- Semiseria (take 12 to 1) 15 1 The Era (taken) 15 1 Obs2urity (take 16 to 1) 18 1 Zanoni (take 20 to 1) 20 1 Cataract 20 1 Strathspey 20 1 Wir.e3our (taken to £2O) 25 1 Celeste 25 1 St. Lawrence (take 28 to 1) 30 1 Pride of Kildare 40 1 Trueboy 50 1 Ratan 50 1 Portrait 50 1 Mickey Free 50 1 Extravaganza DERBY 10 to 1 agst Alarm (take II to 1.) 13 1 Cobweb colt. 13 1 Kedger. 15 1 Idas. 16 1 Newsmonger. 30 1 Miss Whip colt. 33 1 Mentor. 33 —1 Old England.