The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-10-11 00:00:00

ation Post 'used Lssist wero t was tppli sumo Ben d, ho ence, !d by 'cted wait Lined n his ually rs to tho sera' rson. dis al of ctly no ion pies vith and was the m e): cen no. I to d a ing nd een WTI -re- , o ve ere 36• NewINNIM 1 at the y to the ordsbip, d injus asion,-- t forth, se state slemaD'o rt!" it Lust, because by bitn are the alien," y him in ;-off for ble wan at vani titeresta prettm- )dy " in but it is US ; and d in its of that Itave HI- Ireland. r treble iberals, 'e to all s frothy ductor, idhurst yen by tier our srepre- advite preten 's Ma- 'rounds re, anti it alien. sed to rty,..— )f Lord venge 1 . igniued red, on to the in the riming re filled terions roans we, in public ve find cellor I—the ptions, in the birth, ►an by strious rlitnrat which lust be ity en noble "(try of mule a ;en the Derry- rlin " 8 own lie as- Iready on rite on fo r ill the mon° .o our cser,— paint- ,at his eh au —and I hard s that hould .!. 18th It oh• itteti- •. 1 OCT. n, 1836. ANNUAL DINNER OF THE CHESTER AND -CHESHIRE CONSERVATIVE ASSOCIATION. (BY EXPRESS.) Yesterday the members of the above association dined toge ther at the Albion Hotel in Chester. The dinner was laid out in the large room of the hotel, which was tastefully hung and ornamented with evergreens and flowers. At the top of the room a transverse table was placed, at which sat the invited (ests, arid down the room three long t a ble s w ere arranged, the whole capable of seating from 150 to 200 persons. The room was exceedingly well lighted with three large chandeliers, and presented a very handsome appearance, the tables being ornamented with various descriptions of confectitinery. Over the president's chair a very elegant and neat white flag was bordered with gold, and bearing the inscriptasin in gold l etters, " Pro Patria." Over the president's chair at the top of the room was a recess fitted up as an orchestra, which was also tastefullyhung round with e v ergreens an d flowers. Au excel lent company of glee singers was in attendance, and sung many lively airs, glees, and catches. Lord Combermere acted as president for the day, and the Hon. Hugh Chohnondelev and Sir Robert Cunlitfe as vice- Presidents of the visitors' table, and R H. Branson, Esq., of the centre table, and J. W. Hammond, Esq., and Mr. Ford, as Vice - presidents of the side table. Amongst the gentlemen pre sent we observed Lord De Tabley, Lord Cole, NI.P., Lord Delamere, Sir m Imilip Egerton, M.P., Sir Harry Mainwarints, Hart., Sir Robert IVilliams Vaughan, Bart., of Nannader , Sir Richard B roo k e , B art., Willbrillain Egerton, Esq , H. C. Cot ton, Esq., C. Chohnondeley, Esq., "1. ince, Esq , the Rev. J. Mainwaring, Captain Puleston, Randle Wilbraham, Esch, Ran • dle Wilbraham, jun., Esq., R. B Orton. Esq , C. Morrill, No J. Lloyd, Esq., 3. C. Clogs)°, Esq , G. B. Granville, Esq. General O'Loughlin, J. C. Giegg. Esq., &C. The dinner was ample and good, but the waiting was confus ed, which somet i mes o b l i ge d part i es to wa i t b e f o re they could be accommodated. The trine was excellent, as was also the desert. After the cloth) had been withdrawn, was sung, the company standing. The room now looked exceedingly well, the gentlemen of the Association bring adorned with the Conservative button, and wearing the medal- of the Association. About 150 sat down to dinner. The CHAIRMAN then rose ; be said there was not a monarch More anxious for the well-being, happiness and comfort of his subjects, than his present most gracious Majesty. The King ,was Warm hearted, considerate and humane, and long might lie continue to reign in the hearts of his people. He begged to • prop ose .` the King," with four times four. Song—by Mr Llord, and chorus, " God save the King." The CHAIRMAN Said, thC next toast he had to propose, which lie was certain would be drunk with as notch enthusiasm as the last. lie begged to propose the health of one of the moat vir •-tOolis and amiable of her sex, " Queen Adelaide." Glee,— " Raise the strain to William's-Praise." • _rileCtiatemAN alien gave the " the Princess Victoria."— Given with three times three. Glee, " Hail Star of Bruns wick,', • - - • •The CHAIRMAN sail he was - quite Certain that none would object to till a bumper to the toast lie was about to propose. The gentlemen being duly nrepared,and the chairman continued, toast he was about to propose, was one who every true eglishotan ought to-drink, - and what every good crinservative 'Le was sure would drink. (Cheers.) The church had been assailed, as they all knew, in every quarter ; all sects had combined and made cotnnion calm against her, and English men should unite, and those who felt the valve of their glo rious constitution, and-rally around the monarch, and support the altar and the Lone. (Loud cheers.) He was not a per son to join a faLion or opposition, and he was not a friend to Meetings of the lower orders, butt on such an occasion as the Present, when every one was interested, and every one con cerned, and when the question was one of vital importance, he thought then, that it was tune for all parties to unite in de fence. of their King, their church, and their constitution Cheers. ) An experiment had been tried, in the sister king • dote, of conciliating to the Roman Catholic part of his Ma - iesty's subject*. He himself had been considered-a bigot, _he cause he had been always opposed to any concession. He was 8 ° on principle, not as a party man. That measure had been carried, by his best friend, and that friend he had -op-posed tooth and nail to the best of his ability and power, when the question was agitated, He should be glad to know of " what. service this conciliation had been, what good results bad been (ttained from it ? He could answer in n single mormesyliable— none. Haying lived a part. of his life in Roman Catholic coun tries, he knew their creed, and he knew that nothing could conciliate them, nothing could satisfy them short of ascend ancy. (Cheers.) Were the people of England prepared to con ceed that to them ? Oceans of blood had been shed, as they all knew, for centuries, moil the glorious battle of the Boyne 'had settled this question, and were they to give up the position, that high positiousin which they stood, and put the Roman Ca tholics on a par with them, and which, in a short time, would send in Catholic ascendancy. (Cheers.) One of the great uses and advantages of these associations was, as he had be . fore stated, to rally rotund the altar and the throne, and he should be happy to see the various classes -meeting together for this good purpose ; they could not encourage then] too much, it would be attended with the happiest results, and be of the greatest advantage to the country. In his opinion nothing but that could save the country. (Cheers.) He would not longer • detain them, as he was aware that there were many more able t° give their opinons, and diScuss these topics that he was ; he would, therefore, propose to them '• time Church, the Kitts, and Constitution." Given with three tunes three cheers. - Glee,.—" With a jolly full bottle." Which was loudly cheered in the singing , The CliiiiMAN then gave "The Wooden Walls of Old England." (Given with great cheering.) Song and Chorus,—" Rule Britannia." s • The CsnatemaN then proposed " Lord Hill, and the Army," which was - given - with three times three. • General O'Larountra rose to respond to the toast. He said he Was too much in the habit of serving, and of obeying orders now to disobey the injunction of the chairman. He was sure theredthe high, wars no of the community who more fully appreci ateand rich reward Of the approbation of their • countrymen, and more particularly of such men as composed that meeting, than the army. (Cheers.) With respect to the noble iudividual at the head of the army, anything he could say of him, would rathe r d eroga t e th an a dd t o his high character The his urbanity, for his strict impartiality., and his justice. lhe. adjoining county might well be proud of having produced Nell a mats; and-he must beg leave to say, that the county they. • were then in had.not been deficient in producing nieu•Who had des9'yed well. of their country. (Cheers.) It would occupy more thise•than he .had any right to claim from this company it' he were to.particularis'r those officers he barlknown who ware natives of Cheshire and who had done honour to-their counts's' —who had in every way acquitted themselves as Cheshire men. - eCheers.) lie s had had the happiness of serving wish their ' noble presidentat the commencement of his brilliant military ~. career. (Cheers.) He • afterwards had had the good fortune of being placed under his command. In his presence he refrained from expressing the- feelings of friendship and respect he bore • towards- - him. He thanked them for having listened to the honest effusions of a Conservative soldier. (Great cheering.) Glee—" How merrily we live that soldiers be." • I"he•Cii4teatast before be give the next toast, begged leave to say, that he did not follow the example of the enemy, he should endeavour to abstain from all. persons) abuse. The radical journals said that at conservative associations, dinners, and meetings, the principal topics consisted of abuse of it certain • Mr. O'Connell, and of another individual connected with the government. (Loud laughter ) He was not to choose society or friends for thst party, it was nothing about their association mid connections. (Cheers.) He begged to state that it leas not their principle to detract, they stood on higher ground, they did not follow their enemies example, they stood on the defensive and strove for time protection of the country and the eonstitution. He begged leave to recommend to them what he considered to be the original and present object of forming these associations—not for the purpose of pointing out any particular Party, or abusing those who were in power, or dictating who might to he the ministers and who not ; but he conceived their Main object was fur disabusing the public mind—to convince People that they were not their enemies, and to - point out to them who. were their enemies, and who were their friends.— Th e)" were accused' of being a jobbing set of ultra tories ? Such • u atesmen and tories were Sir Robert Peel and the Duke of ‘Wellington. Let the public look into the characters of these eminent men. Sir Robert Peel almost every one knows, was °tie of the most domestic men in this kingdom, happier in the bosom of his family than in any other place , excepting when employed for his country's good. (Cheers.) 'rite opposite. Party would wish the lower orders to believe that be was a greedy man stud that he sought office merely for the sake of the emolument and lower. Those Who knew Sir Robert Peel, and who knew his character, would say that he was the last man in the country to take advantage of either. (Cheers.) Every title knew that Sir Robert feel was one of the most wealthy 'nen in the country. Sir Robert Peel was not only independent to Point of fortune, but he possessed an independent mind. (Cheers) Let them look at the acts of that great Oman during toe short time that lie was in power, and unfortunate to the country it was that lie WaS in office bunt a short time. Had lie turned out the ambassadors and those employed by the late Rnvernment. 'Did he not offer to the Governor of Jamaica amid other gover n ors, that they might retain their respective P l aceit, and had they not retained them ? Did that look like • greediness ? Did it look like coining into office fur the sake of Patronage ? On this point they ought to undeceive the lower Orders ; the tuiddle . classes were coining round, he was happy to Ray, to a proper sense of the danger in which time country Was . placed. He was 'delighted to see conservative associations I rtsinf in different parts of the kingdom ; he thought they Would be of infinite advantage to the good cause. (Cheers.) The - line of conduct which he hoped all good conservatives would pursue, was to endeavour to undeceive time lower or ee rs• They had hitherto been misled by the enemies of the " c ountry, Speaking of Ireland, they were accused of with - ;', 6l diag justice to Ireland. He should' be 'glad to know what leY meant by justice : that justice should be anything but an "en-trended justice. Vas it justice to take from one man to in crease the property of another ? Wss it justice to take from time • Protest an t Church to give it to Roulet, Catholics? This they celled justice to Ireland, and ,ceased them of opposing these de atructive measures, Particularly the House of Peers. The people Were told again that time peers were their greatest enemies, and Rome of the most ultra radicals were for abolishing that house. ; r e h e at l 'imse they knew very well was the chief barrier between "'Hardly anti the people.—(Cheers.) For this reason the h i tt uinut was m a d e to abolish that house ; but he hoped to God t uey would always remain firm and do their duty —(Cheers.) . Let th em bet rob the church and carry all those destructive measures which these people proposed, and then adieu to the British Constitution.—(Cheers.) lie would wish to know if any man in his sober senses, however violent a party man, would wish to-see such a revolution in England ? The friends of the present ministers would say " no ; we don't wish to de stroy th e British Constitution, we wish to improve it.'' And the most extraordinary thing was that improvement was by adopting the measures which they now were adopting from time to, time, and which had it not been for the House of Lords they would have curie(' to the ruin of the country. He was the last person to join a factious opposition against any man, he eared not for sneers. Along with those assembled he was cer tain, he husked for nieasures. He looked for those measures, cotne from whence they might, which wo u ld save the country. (Cheers.) He would oppose his ow n brother, his u'earest friend would he oppose if he advocated, or proposed such measures as majesty's ministers were now proposing to the people of - this country.—((%heers.) It was not for him to say who would occupy the places of time present ministers if they should retire, • . hut there was but one now he conceived —one illustrious man to who m t h e co nservatives would look up, and w h om they ' , mild support, if he would give up li t is or p w r , i ii v d at i e t _ p " o 'a s s - Persuaded that that maim would stet' aihly he of set vice to his coontm y. He would beg to conclude W ith proposing the next toast, which was " Success to Conser vative Associations throughout the kingdom." Given' with "wee tunes three. C APTAIN PULESTON being called on f o r a song, gave `• th e fine old E ng li s h G ent leman.' Sir HARRY MAINWARING said, he hoped it would not be ob trusive its him offering himself to their notice. To the house t ° Which the nobl e Ch a irman had alluded in his last speech , they were mainly indebted for the reservation of the constitu- " Non nobis Domine'' THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. tion. (Cheers.) As a body, the House of Peers had done its duty, and had supported the cause which they hoped to see flourish in this country. He would particularise one who had stood forward in that cause in the House of Peers in a most sa tisfactory manner, it wns Lord Lyndhurst. (Great cheeritur.) He was sure it would take more Oratory than he was possessed of, to mention the fine speeches which Lord Lyndhurst had de livered in that House. He thanked goodness, however, that they were handed down to posterity, and he doubted not but that posterity would rightly appreciate them. He begged to propose " Lord Lyndhurst, and the House of Peers." Given with three times three, and one cheer more. LORD DELAMERt rose to return thanks for the honour done to the honourable House of which he was a member. (Cheers.) He could say but little on the subject ; but this he could say, that were every Conservative Lord present, and Lord Lynd hurst at their head, they would feel proud and delighted at the approbation shown of their conduct by so numerous and re spectable a body of guntlemen - as were there assembled toge ther. lie must further add, though it becomes him to state it, that he was one who did think that the Lords had done their duty. (Great cheering.) And he would say, they had nobly done it. They had not done it vexatiously ; there had been no vexatious opposition to any succession of good, done for the purpose of teasing or harrassing Government ; no opposition had ever been made to any measure, but that measure which had been considered by the Conservative House of Lords, as trenching on their privileges, and on the principles on which the Constitution stands. (Great cheering.) The CHAIRMAN said, the next toast was the health of that great statesman, whom the,• all admired, and whom they all respected and loved ; he would propose the health of " Sir Ro bert Peel.' (Great Cheering ) And he begged leave to attach to it "the Conservative members of the House of Commons." Given amidst loud cheering. Lord COLE said he had been- called upon to return thanks but it ill became him to do.it having a senior member of that house on his right hand, and a friend of theirs on his left, who he believed was in Parliament before either of them were either born or thought of. (Laughter.) He felt sorry that he, had accepted the Chiltern Hundreds not many months ago. He had, however, done his best. He only wished they had in the House of Commons such a majority ae they had in the House of Lords. It, however, belonged to them to give that majority, if they would but register, register, as a friend of his had said, " agitate, agitate" in Ireland. if they would but register, register, register, with such a man as Sir Robert Peel at their head, they would be able to save the country. If they did not register they would continue just as they were at present. On the part of Sir Robert Peel and the Conservative Members of the House of Commons he . begged to return them his hearty thanks. (Cheers.) Glee—" Hail smiling Morn." The CRALIIMIN, in proposing the 'next toast said, he always thought of men as he found them. The Conservative members of the county had done their duty most conscientiously, most faithfully, and most honourably. (Cheers.) They deserved well of their country and of tbat county in particular. (Cheers.) He believed he was right when he said that no Conservative member of that county had ever accepted office, 'and yet they were called ultra-greedy Tories, anxious for place. This was the abuse which their enemies put on them. He defied them however, to prove it. He begged to propose the good healtt; of the Conservative Members of this good Conservative Count_ connected with the house of Oulton and Sir Phillip Egerton. (Loud cheering.) Sir Pitt LIP EGERTON rose to return thanks, and was with loud cheering. He said it was with feelings of the greatest satisfaction that lie rose to acknowledge the honour conferred upon hint. He hoped he might interpret the kind manner in which they had received his name into satisfaction at his con duct during the last twelve months, and that his services during that time had met with their approbation. (Cheers.) This was the only occasion which was vouchsafed unto him—this was the only meeting by which he was to estimate how far his exertions had been received by them with approbation, and how far the conduct he had pursued in his parliamentary duties had given satisfaction. (Cheers.) Since be last had had the hu pour of addressing them, a session of parliament had passed over their heads of extraordinary exertion and devotion—one in which they had attended to their duties by day and night. They had sat in committees in the mornings, and : in the house fill two, three, and four o'clock in the mornings —(hear) — anxious to watch the proceedings of an administration which had ever been ready to introduce the most mischievous mea sures at the latest hours—(cheers)—when they have thought by their perseverance to weary out the spirits of the conservatives. They had felt this at times like this,when they had always been in a minority on every division. They might have felt at such times a despondency creeping over them ; they should have. felt it had they nor been aware that there was another house— (hear)—that the measures introduced - into that house had to pass through another tribunal. Had it not been for that recol lection we might have lapsed into despondency and deserted our posts ; but we have been cheered on by by seeing the man • nil stand that has been made - by the House of !'errs,-(eries of " Bravo") —by being cheered on to fresh exertions b 7 seeing that that legislature, fully aware of their prOceedings, had not been actuated by factious opposition to ministers in power, but solely the internal good of the country and of a conscientious feeling of what was due to the nation at large. (Loud cheers.) And if they have not followed the example of - the ministers and of the House of Commons in truckling to the vices of the radi cals—the most dangerous section of them—he had almost said, the tail, as this part of the House of Commons could only be likened to the tail. But the conservative members bad been carried on by still farther views ; they had not merely looked to the House of Lords—they had looked to themselves and to their country when they saw constituencies at Essex, at North ampton, at South Lancashire, and at Newcastle sending con servative members to parliament at the first opportunity ; they were aware that it was not only by the House of Lords, but it was by the constituency of this country that they were upheld, and by the members which that constituency sent to the House of Commons. (Loud cheering.( He feared, however, he was trespassing on their time. (loud cries of " Go on !") and he feared he was introducing politics on an occasion when, per haps, they had better not have been so introduced. (Continued cries of " No.") There were times and occasions when all the best, and loyal, and kindly feelings of their hearts would arise, and although those occasions might be few and far between, yut this was it more powerful reason why they should estimate them aright when they did arise ; and he considered this as one of those occasions when he was able to meet his conserva tive friends at the head of their constituencies. When he looked beyond the walls of that room, he saw conservative associa tions spreading rapidly through the lower orders. They saw last week the tradesmen of Liverpool formed into an associa tion numbering a thousand membeis, in addition to the Newton conservative meeting. - • (Loud and continued cheers.) When he saw ccinservatism inarehing so rapidly through the country, lie could not help feeling _that if an opportunity should occur of appealing to the constituencies of the country. that they must be victorious_ If England should be on their side, who should prevail against them ? Cheers.; He would ask them to look at the insures, at the cause, and he was proud to see those members who were divided into various slight points of differ- once uniting. He would ask them to study the records of these names with which they were connected, to prepare themselves for the event of a dissolution. (Cheers.) He would hail them to see who were the friends of the church, he would advise them to search into the votes of their members, and if they were acquainted with hustings pledges, whether proferred sup porters of the established church had been true to their word, (Loud cheering,) that he considered to be the main objects of meetings of associations like that, he felt very strongly on this point. Of course it was a subject of the greatest pleasure to hire to see column after column, and page after page of the newspapers filled with conservative speeches, and he must con gratulate them and their conservative friends of the country, on the rapid spread of conservative principles. The honour able gentlemen sat down amidst loud cheering and clapping of hands. SIR PHILLIP EGERTON, of Tattoo, rose to return thanks on behalf of his son, Wilbralinin Egerton, Esq. his son, who was unavoidably ebsent, they might believe him that his son entered warmly into the conservative cause, that his heart was with them, and that he had supported the conservative measures that hail been brought forward in the House of Commons iri every way. In his name he begged to return them his warmest thanks for the kind compliment they had paid him, they would allow him also to say that it was extremely gratifying to him to see so many respectable men assembled there that day. to see so many there supporting his son, who had so kindly supported. bins for so many years. (Cheers.) The Cum UNIAN rose to propose the health of a worthy Ba ronet who had sat [Deny years in parliament, and who had al ways !supported the conservative cause, he begged to propose the health of Sir Robert W. Vaughan—(great cheering)—and the Conservative associations in the principality. Sir R. Veucinae acknowledged the toast, and begged to propose the health of the noble chairman, which was given with three cheers and conservative honours. The CHAIRMAN said, in the first place he had to thank the worthy baronet for proposing his health, and the company for the very flattering manner in which they had received it. It was to hint always an unpleasant teak to speak of self : on other subjects he was not much in the habit of public speaking, and he experienced no difficulty ; but when he was personally con cerned, and on occasions like that, he did find it most difficult. He would assure them it was impossible for him to evpress how deeply he felt the honour he had conferred upon him. He would assure them, that highly honoured as he felt at being appointed President of that good conservative association two days before, he had been in such a state of health, that he almost feared that he would have been obliged to decline time honour of attending on that day,but so good a cause as this wa s, and the delights which he knew he should feel on meeting his Conservative friends there had carried him through, and enabled him to preside there that day. He hoped that they should meet in Letter and happier times. The good cause was now prosper ing:. he thought by the next meetinc , which they should hold the good sense of the country woulehave returned. A great change had taken place, and he thought that in less than twelve months the re-action would be completed. lie would only ex plain the necessity of opening the eyes of the people and letting them•know who were their enemies, and who were their friends. Dont let the people look upon them as they were taught by their enemies eo do, as greeeiv and ultra Tories, under whose mis rule the country had suffered so much ; they talked of the ex pense of the war, owing to Tory misrule and to Tory extrava gance. lie should be glad to know if the Whigs had been in power, in what situation this country would have been—(hear) —this country would at that moment have been a province of France. Nothing but the great efforts of this country had saved Europe. No doubt it had been attended wirh great expense. John Bull was obliged to bleed. (Laughter and Cheers.) into had had a But he would say that he had va l ue received, that he had some thing for his money, that his c ountr y was served. ( C h e ers.) The present ministers were very likely people to get u scrape—to bring on a general war ; but they were the las t peo ple in the country to get them out of it. (Cheers.) leshe had a specimen of their abilities in that way in the year 1802 ; they then made an attemt, they tried their hand, and what was the consequence ? They had list] au armistice it was true—they had had whet was called a peace—the country was obliged to pay a considerable army at that time. And what wes the con sequence ? They were at a considerable expense to renew this war, and nothing but the perseverance of the greedy tories again brought the country out of her difficulties. (Loud cheers. , He begged once more to return them his most hearty thank, for the honour they had done him. (Cheers.) The CHAIRMAN then gave " The Lord Lieutenant of the County." Given with three times three. Glee—" Huzza for Old England." The CHAIRMAN then begged top ropose „'The health of the Lord Bishop of time Diocese and the Clergy,'' which was given with three times three. The Rev. JAMES MAINVVARING rose to respond to the toast. He said it was with feelings of heartfelt thanks that he rose to acknowledge the handsome manner in which they had drank his health It had not been in accordance with his wishes to obtrude himself in such a prominent situation, neither should he have obtruded himself if he had not seen no competent per son to discharge the duties that had devolved upon him. (Cheers.) He should not, however, be doing justice to that meeting or to the profession of which he was an humble member if he were to remain content with this simple statement, and not advert to some circumstances, which at this moment seem more peculiarly to effect the existence of the church. He had heard the charge of unpopularity against the clergy, and he had heard, likewise, of the danger that threatens th e es t a bli s h m ent. With regard to the first charge, he never could believe it, when he had seen such a glow of feeling so decidedly contrary that night. He was perfectly aware that they were not in odour with n certain class of peo ple in this country, but who they were, or what even their op positions, not only against the church, but against the other institutions of the state, he would not venture to state. But to their motto, "Laudari a lauclai6 biro." 'file exalted in rank, in future, and the spread of religion and morality. To this class of people, be believed they could advance a just claim, and for the truth of what he now asserted, he would only refer to the good feelings and good persona which actuated the friends of the church, in every question that concerned the church. He would not remain content with this. but he could refer them to the exertions of their late respected diocesan io the metropolis, and they would see there an unanimity of pur pose, and a readiness on the part of the laity to forward every scheme which could advance the church. He would only refer them to their own metropolis of Lancashire, and they would see there what bad been done, in a very short space of time. They had to congratulate the friends of the church, in that great mart of commerce. for nobly and benevolently coining forwards in behalf of national education, on the principals of the church of England. He could multiply instances of good feeling towards the church, not being so looked upon.— Were they to seek out certain of the deserving clergy elsewhere recommended -by testimonies of respect and approbation by those around them. Should it then be said that there was any unpopular, or any unkindly feeling against the church? Were these facts any thing like symptoms of dis approbation ? He thought then that did away with the other charge of unpopularity. They had now come to the charge of the danger which threatened the establishment. That he was perfectly aware was hardly thought of, and he should treat the advocates of that doctrine in a similar way. From whence then were they to apprehend any danger ; was it from societies? Was it from an assemblage like that which he had the honour of addressing ? Was it from the concentrated loyalty of those by whom they were now surrounded ? Was it from these ranks of society whom they saw daily rally round the institutions of their country ? Was it from the Monarch who was sworn to protect the church ? or was it from the power of lords who had more than once interposed and struggled to save them ?—( Hear, and cheers ) Would to God it were riot in the other horse, they would all offer a heartfelt prayer that they might return to a kindly feeling towards them. The morn which had bung over them was now about to burst, hut they were in the hands of one who " Could confront the whirlwind and direct the storm."—(Hear.) The trial he confessed bad been a severe one, but still he hoped that they might work through, and if it was viewed right by the members of the establishment, he had no doubt but that they should occupy a proper situation, a si tuation superior to any which they had yet occupied.—(Cheers ) He was afraid that he had too long trespassed on their atten tion, but he trusted that the occasion which brought them there this night, would prove his best apology for any prolixities of speech. He could only say as he had begun on behalf of his brethren the clergy, that he humbly thanked them.--(Loud cheering.) The CHAIRMAN said it was with great diffidence that he pro posed the next toast, insomuch as the noble, gallant, and illus trious persotr whom he was about to give had always been his best of friends, and, therefore, he would rather that the toast had been given by some other person less connected with him than himself. He also regretted it, because he had not the ability to do justice to the toast which he was about to give. He had known that illustrious personage ever since he had en tered the army, which was not a very short period. (Cheers He knew him, and they all knew him to be a true friend to his country. Fie was ready to step forward, and always had been and ever would be so long as he had life and health to do it, in defence of his country either at home or abroad. The country, he hoped, would long look tip to that great Man in time of need. It might yet happen that his exertions might be called forth again. Should they ever be placed in a general war again, there was no individual in this country they had to look to but the noble duke. (Great cheering.) The noble duke had been opposed by the enemies of the country; he had been abused by them in all societies—all radical. societies ;he had been a bused and held up •to the populace its an object for their hatred and abhorrence. Could 'these people be called true Englishmen ? could they possess any gratitude when they spoke of the noble, duke in this way ? (Loud cries of " No.") But he was above all abuse—he was above all that the faction could do to lower him. ' (Loud Cheering.) Let hint go front one end of the king dom to the other at this very moment, and he would ha most rapturously and enthusiastically received. (Cheers.) Ple beg ged to propose to them " the health of the Duke of Welling ton." The toast %Vita given with four times four, with conserva tive honotirs. The CHAIRMAN next proposed." the health of the- Vice Pre sidents," which was given with three times threee. The Honourable HUGH CHOLMONDELEY rose to respond to the toast on behalf-of his brother Vice-presidents and himself, he begged to return them his most sincere thanks for the kind manner in which they had drank his health. He had no doubt that they would all concur with him in the most hearty good wishes towards the cause they were all met to commemorate. — (Hear.) With respect to himself, since the last year nothing had occurred to make any change in the sentiments he then ex pressed to them, but he could riot sit down without expressing his gratification at seeing himself surrounded by so ❑umerorrs and so respectable an assemblage, it was an earnest of the triumph of the conservative cause, which was progressing strongly throughout the whole of this great kingdoM. (Loud cheering. If those who identified themselves with the cause, if those who called themselves conservatives would but unite, if they would but think that this was no time to talk of slight and small differences of opinion, if they would but consent to sacrifice those tine and wire drawn differences, in one word, if they would but unite hand and heart and fight the common cause against the common foe, (Great cheering,) they would most assuredly succeed. tie had only to repeat his acknow ment for the honour they had conferred upon him, and begged most heartly to drink their good healthy. (Cheers.) Dow COLE then rose and said, as the Chairman had been kind enough to allow him to propose n toast, he would proceed to do so. It might be prefaced, that it was a toast that every Englishmen ought to drink. He would give " Protestant Ascendancy in Church and State." Given with three times hree. (Cheers ) The CHAIRMAN begged to - propose " Prosperity to Agricul nre and extension to Commerce," which was drank with loud cheers. The CHAIRMAN would give a toast, whieh he was sure every person present, and every true Englishman, would drink with delight. It was the standing toast of their good and gracious Monarch, " The Land we lire in." Sir RICHARD Bitootis begged to propose the health of a friend of his, and a friend of his country, Lord Delaniere. (Loud cheers.) Loan DELA:MERE, in responding to the toast, said, in the first place, he has to thank his friend, Sir Richard Brooks, for the very kind manner in which he had proposed his health, and be had to thank the company for the manner in which it had been received. lie could only say, that it was no trifling honour they had conferred upon him, and the compliment was the more gratifying, as it led him to here die satisfaction of thinking that be had their approbation in the little in which he had beets able to do towards the preservation of those principles on which their Constitution was founded, and by which it must be maintained. Since he had last had the honour of address ing them, whatever had occurred in Parliament or elsewhere, had only carried further conviction trellis mind of the necessity and of the utility of such meetings as the present one—(cheers) —and he was delighted to find that they were becoming gene ral, or nearly so, throughout the kingdom; for, he trusted, nay, he felt confident, that they would be the means of stimulating to active exertion persons of all ranks and parties. (Cheers.) He could assure them that he wished he was wrong in that statement, that there was never a moment of time when exer tions of all sorts in this cause were inure called for. For the Minister that was going about preaching a reform and changing all things, and disturbance of every class and description, had not forsaken his vocation—but had been kept in more active play, he was sorry to say, by the assistance and connivance, in fact, by the exertions of the present Government. (Hear and cheers.) Ile knew that the House of Peers, to whom they had done an honour that day, and Conservatives generally, would be proud to hear of it, though the House of Lords had done its duty, and, as he before said, nobly done its duty—yet, without their assistance—without the vigorous and energetic exertions of the whole people of England—their cause would fail. (Hear.) It was not a trifling question that was under consideration, as to whether Whig or tory should have the ascendancy and ride the reigns of government. The question was of a tar greater impirt. He himself cared little whether of the two was at the head, provided the constitution of the country was not lost. (Hear.) Their state was all that they honoured in the land, that was worth everything ; their religion, their laws, their pro perty were all, as he before said, that they were now contend - ing tor, and if they were apathetic they wo uld lose them. He was aware that he was trespassing upon their time. (Loud cries of `No.") He was aware that Ire was trying e their t he tience—(" no")—on merely repeating before h had honour of addressing to them about this time last year ; but. his mind was so convinced on this subject, arid he felt so anxious fur the cause itself; so firmly was he convinced, that nothing but the energetic exertions of the .people of England could bring them through the present scrape of the great cause they were engaged in, which he nmst plea d as his excuse, and he had no other. (Cheers ) The assem bla g e there that day was most gratifying, and he fervently from his soul wished them joy upon the occasion, and it delighted his heart to see the • numbers and respectability of those whom he now had the ho nour of addressing. Let them unite, as his son said ; he agreed with him most perfectly ; but fet them unite and let then, en deavour, and struggle to their utmost to relieve themselves from the difficulties into which they had been forced by ri diabolical faction—(hear) —who wished brit to destroy the country, to an nihilate their constitution, and to introduce a republic. (Hear.) If they did this, he had no doubt as to the event —they would succeed: perhaps this desirable event might not take p lace in his time, but it would be the source of heart-felt comfort to him self to think that those he left behind would enjoy the benefits of a constitution founded on the bests of a most relie,sus ple and upon a solid politicsai foundation. It wouldglad den his heart to think that they would all enjoy What had been his pride throughout his life, and which had rendered him hapPY in living in a country which pre-eminently surpassed- in happi ness—in glory aunt in power, in every human thing that could be mentioned, all the rest of the world. (Cheers.) The ()llama aN begged to propose the health of Sir Har r y Mainwaring and the Cheshire Hounds. (Given with Collier vaiiye honours.) Sir Hama MAINWARING returned thank& He congratu lated the meeting that the company assembled was much larger than on the preceding year, and he was certain, if conservatism went on spreading as it had done, that room would not hold them. BM he would remind them that that was not to he Ob tained by drinking success to their cause and cheering then it wan to be effected by each member exerting himself in pro. curing vote's and registering them, reecollccting that their opponents were working hard, Let them work hard, and the more they beat them, the greater would be their honour. (Loud cheers.) The CHAIRMAN then proposed the president elect, Lord de Tabley, who responded to the toast Ls our reporter left the room, at half-past ten o'clock. THEATRE ROYAL.—The romantic opera of " Fra Diavolo" was performed last evening. The engagement of Mr. and Mrs Wood attracted a very fashionable and numerous audience. — The mnsic was of a first-rate character, and reflects ,"rent cre dit upon Mr. Aldridge, the leader of the orchestra. Mr. Wood was in splendid voice, and quite at home. The opera itself was calculated to display the talents of this eminent singer to great advantage. Mrs. Wood, however, was the great attraction. — Her reception was most gratifying, and several times during the evening she was most rapturously encored. Mr. Brough, who has been also engaged, sustained his part with his usual ability. A series of operas will be brought out during Mr. and Mrs. Wood's engagement, which will afford a rich treat to the lovers of musical science. MR. CHARLES KEAN AND Mit. STUART.—We are glad to see these gentlemen mentioned together in sorb honourable terms by a London contemporary, (the Observer.) The former is al ready known to a London audience, both by his father's fame and his own ; and the latter, whenever opportunity may serve in the metropolis, characters in which they are spoken of, are Othello, Kean ; needs only to be seen to meet success. The lago, Stuart—Lear, Kean ; Edgar, Stuart. LECTURES ON OPTICS, MECHANICS' INSTITUTION. On Wednesday Evening, Robert Addams, Esq., of London, celebrated for his lectures on natural philosophy, commenced n course of ten lectures on optics, at the Mechanics' Institution, to a crowded audience, which he 'illustrated with a nubber of beautiful and conclusive experiments. There are few lecturers who possess such an admirable collection of apparatus as that which Mr. Addatns exhibits during his lectures. Light, he observed, is obtained from the leminons bodies of the heavens, and from the combustion of gaseous matter. In the latter, its intensity is dependent upon certain portions of solid matter contained in it. Thus coal gas is a compound of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most inflammable of al' gasses, but it burns with so feeble a light that we can scarcely see it ; but if we mix hydrogen with charcoal it will enter into Combination with it, and produce the intense light we nightly observe in our streets. This intensity is owing to the ignition of the carbonaceous portion of the gas. Spirits of wine burns so feebly that we cannot discern the flame in the day time; but if we mix with it any solid body, it will give increased light. This Mr. Addams satisfactorily demonstrated by sprinkling iron filings upon the flame caused by a sponge saturated:with spirits of wine, which produced brilliant sparks of intense I white light. Light may be also produced by motion—by rubbing one body upon another, especially if we take two pieces of flint or of lump sugar. If these be rebbid logether in a dark room, they will produce a pure white light, but faintish in intensity. That this was the case, Mr. Addams; showed by rubbing two pieces of quartz (which may be called transparent flint) together; the light- emitted was sufficient to be readily seen in the lecture-room. Now it might be asked, in the first instance, how light is produced in this way ? We might sky, in regard to the sun, that there is a fluid continually emitted frein it which causes light ; but where is the light in the substances we rub ? How is that light produced ? Is it excited by the motion of rubbing, or does it exist in the mass of the body, and, if so. how is it brought out ? if we suppose it owing to motion, we shall then. by and bye, be able to connect it with a theory affording an explanation of the phenomenon. There are certain minerals which, if heated to a less degree than is requisite to make them red hot, will yield a pure and white light, resembling that emitted by the glowworm. Fluo ride of calcium, or Derbyshire spar, and phosphate of lime , are of this &Ss ; Mr. Addams sprinkled some of their dust upon a heated iron-plate. which confirmed what lie had advanced. After these particles have once emitted light in this manner, they will not again yield it upon a repetition .of the experiment tiniess in the meantime a current of electricity be passed through them. This can only be explained by supposing that the particles undergo a change of shape during their heat ing, and that the vibration or motion attending this change of shape produces the light; that no change of shape attends the second heating, but that the electric shock, by restoring the crystalline particles to their original figures again, put them in a situation for undergoing a change on the application of heat: The lecturer saw no other mode of accounting fur these' facts, unless by such a, mode of reasoning. We may ask then what the cause of light. It isit ques tion very easily put but not very easily answered. It has been cominol for persons to suppose that light is a form of matter, that it is constituted of minute atoms of matter, which are shot off from the sun, with the immense velocity of 192,000 miles in one second of time. Now it seems to us almost im possible to conceive that particles of matter so uncommonly small, can be made to travel with such a velocity, although we know bottling is impossible with the divine being. We know that if we take a quantity of gunpowder and put it into a can non, with a quantity of dust, we shall find upon the discharge of the powder, that the dust will be ejected a very short distance. Thus, if we diminish the particles of matter, the less will be its velocity. And how small must be the particles of light when they do not injure our eyes or any other article upon which they impinge with such great velocity. This notion is opposed by a theory which considers light to be produced like sound, by a succession of waves set to motion. It would appear absurd to say that sound assumed. a shape or form. There is nothing setting cut from. the sun to our eyes, but simply waves put in motion. But what is put in motion, the theory of undu lation supposes that all nature throughout the universe, as well HS the infinity of. space, is filled with a very refined kind of fluid, millions of times finer than the common air we breath. This fluid is called cether for want of a better term. Now this matter possesses such extreme elasticity, that if it be struck in any part, the tremor will pass through it at the rate of 192,000 miles in a second, whilst sound only travels 1130 feet in the, same time, in our atmosphere& mean density. Notwithstanding this inconceivable speed, it occupies many years, nay centuries in- coining from some of the luminous bodies in the heavens to our earth, and it is in reference to these bodies that we are able to ascertain the velocity of light. One of the principal methods by which it is.arrived at, is by observing the time at which the satellites of Jupiter are obscured, and noting the length of time during which they remain • invisible to us. We find that at one period of the year, to the earth's revolution round the sun, we are flinch nearer to Jupiter than at another ; by ascertaining the difference between the time of the obscuration of the satellites, which takes place when the earth is farthest from, and nearest to Jupiter, we find the time which light takes in travel ling a distance equal to the two positions of the earth, at the two periods stated, and find this to be 192,000 miles In a second. This is only one of the proofs we have, Dr. Bradley describes another connected with the phenomena of the aberration of light. Now, according to the undulatory theory, the sun strikes the tether as a bell strikes the sir; that is, the sun may be always in a state of vibration by heat, electric action, or other causes ; by which the material domain is put in motion in every direction in a manner- similar to the air when struck by a bell. This is the -most reasonable method of explaiuing the action of light. From the phenomena of polarization amid other proofs, we must suppose the atoms moving transversely while they arc moving along, that is to say in alternate curves, like the waves of the ocean. The waves of light vary in rapidity and length with their varied colours : red is the shortest and least rapid of the colours, and there are 39,180 red waves in an inch, which tra• vel at the rate of 477 millions of millions of miles in one second. The violet wave travels fastest, proceeding at the rate ,of 699 millions of millions of miles in a second. The question now arises, which of the two theories should we adopt. To say that the sun gives out atoms, would argue that it will be wasted in time. Let us see which of the theories will account for the most of the properties of which we find light to be possessed. The corpuscular theory is the older theory, which was adopted by Newton and his contemporaries ; whereas the undulatory one is of comparatively modern standing. There are, altogether, 23 orders of phenomena to be accounted for in Optics, such as the polarization of light, its motion, &c. The corpuscular theory only explains four out of these perfectly ; there are three imperfectly explained, one perfectly by a condi tion supposing that there is a repulsion taking place on the surface of a plate of metal—three imperfectly, by assuming conditions—and twelve cannot be explained at all. By the un dulatory theory seventeen orders of these phenomena are ex plained perfectly, three imperfectly, one conditionally, there is no order left explained imperfectly with conditions, and only two which caonot be explained at all. Indeed these two have lately been explained. After this, the lecturer said he need not say which theory ought to be adopted, that which explained satisfactorily seventeen orders of phenomena, or that which expl•ained only four. The intensity of a light is the quantity of illumination it will produce. .We often find it convenient to determine the differ ence of intensity between various fights. Suppose there existed a prejudice against the use of gaslights in favour of that of " m il es , it would be necessary to show the consumer that gas gave a greater quantity of light at less expense. To do this we must be able to compare the light of it candle with that of a gas l am p. This will lead us to consider what is the de crease of light according to the distance of the luminous body, Ru a t h en we shall get nearer a comparison. Now , suppos kw a c a n dle he placed at a given distance from a wall or piece of paper, it would spew a certain quantity of light upon the well, but, if the candpe be removed to a greater distance, it will not illuminate the wall as much as it did before. In fact, we find by a very simple experiment that the quantity of light is inversely, as the square of the distance of the luminous body. •By thi s m eans we calculate the distances of time planets by no ticing the reflection which they cause at various distances. This is precisely what kslMens with regard to sound, and gave t h e id ea o f a photometer to, Count Rumford. His method, as well as that of Dr. Black, and oilier celebrated experimentalists, consisted chiefly in inteecepting the.light..from a candle and lamp by ,ineani of some opaque body, and then noticing the difference of the shadows. l'he luminary occasioning time strongest shadow was removed •to a greater distance, until the shadows cast by each light was exactly similar, then sup posing one to ten feet, and the other five feet from the inter cepting s ubstance, these numbers were. squared, which shewed that the lie ht at time greater distance gave out 100 parts of light to 25 of the other, end consequently, that it was of four times its intensity, various ingenious contrivances have been devised by Dr. Ritchie and others, for facilitating this experiment, the apparatimslor which was ,simewn and explained by the talented lecturer. • ..On Saturday evening Mr. Addams continued, There are various cantles which disturb the rectilinear motion of a:ray, of a light. A, ray of light is always in the direction of the radius of a system of spiral waves, emanating in every pos sible direction from the luminous body, and would always pursue a Perfectly straight course, provided the media through which the waves :.re propagated were of the same density and elasti city.. But it these waves or undulee meet with a medium of another density they will assume a netvdirection. If the op posing medium be metal, we shall have a new system of waves piopagatedfrom its surface, passing off perhaps in a diagonal direetion. Light may be supposed to be reflected from any surface, even the air itself reflects a portion of light. We may s4 f e 4y say there is not any body which is visible but reflects a portion of light, but the light bodies reflect more than the dark, and so on. The law of reflection is this, that if a ray of light fall perpendicularly upon any reflecting surface, it will be re turned back in the same direction, hut if the ray make an angle with the surface of reflection, it will he reflected on the opposite side of a perpendicular, so its to make time angle of reflection equal to that of incidence. We must confine our observations to those bodies which ap pear lustrous, such as a piece of glass silvered at the back, or else's piece of polished metal, because, if we bold a piece of paper up, we see the light the same in whatever way we bold it, but not so with silvered class or polished metal, if we hold them in one position we do not see the image of thii light, but in another we do. •to this description of surfaces therefore, the , law previously given will only apply. According to the undulatory theory, reflection is caused by a change itfthe direction 'of the ray of light, in consequence of the waves of light encountering a new medium of different elasticity. The density of the mtherial fluid mks in different bodies. it has before been obierved that the space through which time heavenly bodies pass, is a void filled willm this w.her. Time pores, of our ettnospitere are likewise filled with this tether, as well as water and everyStmlistance in nature. As the density 'of the medium is increaseil,,so is the elasticity and time velocity ,of the weyes,of light diminished. Having explained the cause of reflection, it remains to be slinwn how light is only seen from a polished mirror, in that angle called the angle of reflection. Suppose two rays of bent to fall diagonally upon an horizontal surface ; when they touch time plane there will be it new system of waves generated, and a'reflection of a pitiful of the light, not of all, for a portion will pass into the opposing surface, which will be greater or less According to the sithstatice of which it is composed. That por tion of time rays which is reflected, will move on in ownw suc cession of circles. When two rays are coming d in an obi que direction, parallel to each other, it is necessary to . pre vent,ss the waves interfering with each other, that the y should pas s over equal spaces at the same period of time. Thus, wizen one ray has reached- the surface, the other has a short space to travel through before it reaches it, during which time time . first ray is passing off at an angle. When the second ray has arrived short . space, and at the surface, 'the first ham passed thro u g h the two rays ag a in proceed parallel to each o ther. 1 his law is difficult to be understood even with the aid of diagrams, but the reader will see that as it is necesshry that equal spaces should he described by each ray, that the ang le of incidence will always be the same as the angle of reflection. Were there any differ ence in the spaces described by the different rays, one ray would destroy the other. The quantity of light reflected by different bodies, is exceed ingly variable. Some will reflect one half, others not more than one-thousandth part of the light impinging upon them. We may, in some cases, increase the reflecting power, by ad ding to transparent bodies substances which have greater powers of reflection. Thus, if we coat the inside of a glass cylinder with paint, with the exception of a small portion, aviinst which, the light of a lamp may be directed, we shall find, upon filling it with water, that the water will not be visi ble, but if a few drops of milk be added to the water, light will be reflected from it. Mr. Addams here exhibited a table computed by Mr. Potter, of Manchester, shewing the amount of reflection in plate-class mirrors of different angles of incidence, by which it appered that, as the angle increases, the greater number of rays are reflected, but under the most favourable circumstances, one•half of the rays will be lost.— This varies much in metal reflectors ; thus, inlspecula metal, used in the construction of observatory astronomical instru ments, the greater the angle of incidence, the .less will be the quantity of light reflected. The following are a few of the most remarkable of the reflecting properties of different sub stances : Water, at the greatest possible angle of incidence, will re turn three quarters, and Glass two-thirds of the rays. Water, at the perpendicular incidence, will return only one-fifty-fifth ; whilst Glass will return one-fortieth ; and Mercury two-thirds of the rays. We thus gain more from metallic reflectors, at the rectangular incidence, than from other substances. If a light be reflected against a wall, it will be found that upon moving the reflector through a quarter of a circle, the image will have traversed through double the distance. Sextants, quadrants, &c., are constructed on this principle, so that the whole of the heavens can be readily seen, If the surface of a reflector be convex or concave, the light will not he reflected as from a plane, but the law governing the circumstance will be the same. A concave reflector will bring all the rays into a speck of light at a given distance ; but a convex reflector will spread theili out in every direction. The concave reflector pro duces the same image which it received, which can be magni fied at pleasure. It is obvious that any lines drawn from the centre of concavity to the curve must be perpendicular to 'that part of the curve, because the radius of a circle is always per• pendicolar to the tangent of that point of the curve which it in tersects. All rays occurring in the direction of the axis of the mirror, are returned in the same direction. The focus where the rays will assemble, is always equal to one half of the radius of concavity of the mirror, with a little variation, hereafter to be noticed, according to the colour of the ray. - When light is reflected, it belongs to that division of the science called Catoptrics, but when it is bent or refracted by passing through a body, it.belongs to the division called Diop trics. If a portion of light ,be passed from one light into ano ther, where the density and elasticity of the other is much dif ferent, then the light will take a different direction, unless it fall at right angles. We will suppose that the light is passing through the 'mther of the air, and that it meets with a quantity of water. When a ray of light meets the water, a small por tion of it is reflected ; the remainder will enter the water. The instant it reaches the water, it is bent at the point of contact of the two media. This bend, like every operation of nature, is invariably certain and uniform. We find that where air and water are concerned, that, if the ray above be of such an angle, that the sign of that angle shall measure four feet, or inches, and that the sign of the angle of refraction shall measure three feet or inches, that is to say, the upper and lower angles Are as four are to three. _ _ . . . A ray of light may be reflected from the bottom of water in to the air. Suppose a polished plate of metal be placed at the bottom of a cistern, and the light of the sun falls upon it ; the ray would be bent and carried out of the water in the same manner as in going in. The same will happen to all transparent bodies that have higher refractive powers than the atmosphere, but in varying proportions. Tables are frequently given show ing the indices of refraction for various substances. These in dices are the quotients of the sign of incidence, divided by the sign of refraction. It is usual to consider the angle of refrac tion as one, so that the angle of incidence will he one and a 'de cimal, which is called the index of refraction. Mr Addams illustrated the 'retraction of water by throwing a ray of light into a glass cistern containing water. Owing to this refraction of water : the position of substances in it is apt to be mistaken and inexperienced individuals, in attempting to spear a salmon, almost invariably miss the fish by striking in the apparent rather than the real direction, besides which the fish appears much higher in the water than it really is. Mr. Addams illus trated this in a very curious and satisfactory manner. He placed a piece of lead, having a transparent point struck upon it, at the bottom of a tin trough, so that it could not be seen by the audience whilst.sitting down. . When water was poured upon the' lead so as to cover the transparent point, it could be be seen by the audience without any alteration in their position. .Another very demonstrative illustration of this refraction-of light in water was presented by Mr. Addams, with which he concluded his lecture. If in a graduated disc of metal two tubes be placed, and an angle he made with them equal to the angle of refraction, a personrooking through one tube will be able, if the experiment be properly conducted, to see through both tubes any article at the bottom of the water. We were glad to observe a Dumber of scientific gentlemen present at this lecture—it proves that genuine talent is duly estimated in the town. CLERICAL LIBRARIES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL ST.4IVD.IRD. am glad to observe that the subject of clerical libra ries is exciting some notice. The disadvantages which the clergy generally, and students in particular, labour under is scarcely credible from the want of access to our literary treasures in divinity. They are, as it were, sealed books. In church history, for example, the re sources are so numerous that it would require a small fortune for a private individual to make an available collection. I\laey of our theological students would be found very deficient in Ibis department were they, like all candidates for holy orders in the Scottish Church, examined touching church history. Few per haps even of our elder ministers could write such a work of extensive research as A. S. Patterson's "History of the Church from the Creation of the World to the beginning of the 19th Century ;" yet its pious and learned author died in the pri me of life, being only twenty-five years of age. As supplying the necessary weapons to fight the adversaries of the church and religion, surely ready access to a valuable theological library would be signally useful The Romish clergy owe much of their authority to their deep learning, and are not, therefore, to be met by mere simple good intentions on the part of their opponents. Something besides:is wanting; the same weapons, the same learning, the fullest acquaintance with arguments that have already been advanced, and all the wisdom accumulated in the luminous pages of the fathers and all celebrated theologians. To what extent are we familiar with Calvin, Erasmus, Owen, Hall, the fathers of the church, and a host of others too numerous to name ? I was reading the other day an extract from the visitation sermon, preached at Ampthill, Herts, in September, 1827, by the Rev. S. Piggott, Rector of Dunstable; as follows : In these eventful times, we are particularly called upon to guard ourselyea on three quarters, no which the church of Christ is besieged and attacked by formidable and deadly foes. Sentimentalism and infidelity have long attacked one flank of the host of God : Popery has still longer harrassed the other ; and now a fair but fatal liberality of sentiment is giving aid to both, by lifting up its weapons of scorn in defiance of the living God. The bulk of the refined part of the community are un, wittingly becoming Socinians in principle, and libertines in practice. Scepticism is undermining all Christian faith in their minds, and all religious principle in their actions, till they become indifferent to all religious opinions, and over reach the simple by the niost fratidideet confederacies. Popery veils the truth and rend ers it contemptible, and thus prepares men to embrace Unitarianism or infidelity. We need protest against the Church of Rome as a system of idolatry. The in difference which our legislature has shown to the question of Popish idolatry. bodes the kingdom no good. The idolatry of the Church of Rome is a mere question of party among us, in stead of an abomination which we should fear to support. Popery is the poisonous Upas tree which scatters death. No thing but the grossest ignorance of its noxious influence could determine our miscalculating politicians to suffer it to be planted and flourish on British ground." How are the false notions of the people to be combatted, and the false positions of our enemies exploded, except we are pie pared, not only with the wisdom which is from above, but like wise with all intellectual stores which have accumulated fot ages to the honour of religion. Are a few modern treatises all that is required ? Does theological knowledge lie in a nut shell? Is it wiser to trust to natural talents, and original think ing than to be troubled with learning how far our predecessors have gone, and wherein their strength lies ? Is it time enough to buckle on our armour, to prepare for the fight, to sound the alarm—when our enemies are up—in sight—hastening to our destruction! The Christian soldier should ever be guarded, whether in season or ontof seasom It is sincerely to be hoped, that something will soon be done to effect the establishing of a good library of divinity. I am, yours,.&e. A LOVER OF LEARNING. THE WHIGS AND RADICALS AT HALIFAX.—(From a cor respondent.)—The whigs of Halifax, as is well known, had a feast on Friday last, and after dinner a great portion of the company drank to such excess that they got beastly intoxicat - ' ed; and, as is usual in such cases, uproar, riot, and disfigured physiognomies followed; tables, chairs, decanters, and glasses were capsized, and the guests themselves lay sprawling upon the floor, in indescribable confusion. The radicals had their gathering on Monday, and it is but justice to say that they con ducted their business in a much more becoming -manner an th the whigs. No ladies were admitted at 2 s. 6 d. a-head —no gen tlemen drank brandy until they lost their equilibration —no tables were upset with all the et ceteras which sparkled on theiro surface—no cracked heads, tattered garments,- and - distd countenances; and, lastly, no disgusting and swine-like exhi bition of wallowing in the filthy muckiness of their own crea ation.—Standard. THE DUNMOW FLITCH OF BACON.—At the late meeting of the Dunmow Agricultural Society, Mr. Brewsher said, that to his regret he had heard that day that a pp i li c c h ation had been had come the wife, formally and properly made to claim these , but that the chkmand had been resisted. (Cheers.) .did not know why that objection was made, but when there were no such joyous N j ‘ o r a y lodue husband, Society oincctaosiotnaks take n the Dunmow, place, and the the and child, could come as candidates, and be joined with the Walden and Dunmow Society in harmony and concord. there Saffron (Cheers.) This gave rise to a short conversation, which we find reported in the Essex Herald as follows :—" Mr. Player said, as the flitch of bacon had been alluded to, he begged to offer a flitch to be disposed of as the committee of Dunmow might think fit. (Loud cheers and laughter.) Mr. Brewsher hoped they would allow him to propose that the Dig should be fed by a member of the society, and the flitch cured at Dunmow. (Cheers.) Mr. Fuller said he should be glad to receive pro posals front any gentleman in Dunmow to provide a flitch, fat tened by a member of the society, to be produced about that ti m e twelve months. Mr. Wade said, as Mr. Player had given -them a flitch, he (Mr. \V.) protnised there should be no gam mon in giving it away. (Cheers and laughter.) He was afraid they would not be able to produce a loving couple in Little Dunmow to claim it, but perhaps they should from some other place." Letters from Bombay state, that an Agricultural Asiociation had been formed in that Presidency, to encourage the growth of Sugar, the cultivation of the Mulberry, and growth of Wool; the first report is of a very encouraging character. A certain venerable gentleman, an artist, known to fame, and honoured by the addition of B.A. to his highly respectable name, was, a day or two since, walking in the neighbourhood of Soho square, and became much surprised at seeing a wretched daub exhibited at a shop window for sale, with a placard fixed upon it, saying, " This fine original picture of Bacchus and Ariadne, by (the artist above referred to,) only twenty . guineas." This was too bad—the sight of his name to a production which would almost have shamed a painter of teaboards was too much for the philosophy of Mr.—. He went into the shop, and wa , ! assured hy the proprietor that the picture wa s "an original "Then, Sir," said the old gentleman, " I en- l not suffer my ascribed to my p name to be disgraced by such a thing bei n g the dl." With these words he dashed his stick through such effect as can vass of the painting, and repeated the dose with nearly to destroy it. The p i cture -dealer stormed, h the artisttook the ceremony of it quietly, and his leave, first going through . leaving his card on the mans counter. —Evening MISCELLANEOUS. LONGEVITY.—Ann Mitcnell, a widow, died a few days ago, at Bosham, near Chichester, at the age of 100 years. The old lady retained her faculties to the last, and on last Easter Sun day walked to church attired in the wedding gown in which she had been married 80 years before.—Times. The papers from the Windward Islands do not contain much of importance; _the princiyal subject alluded to them is emigra tion, not from Europe, but the several islands to British Guiana, and it is expected to Trinidad and this island. The importation of liberated Africans—the reduction of military garrisons in some of the islands, as preparatory , no doubt, to a general change in that department. A dinner to Lord Brougham is getting up in Edinburgh. A requisition has been signed by many hundreds of the citizens and Liberals of all shades; and we understand that to-morrow morning a deputation leaves Edinburgh for Brougham Hall, to present the same to his Lordship. The deputation named consists of Bailie Macfarlane, Mr. W. Tait, Mr. A. Millar, (late) and Mr. A. Thompson (present) Master of the Merchant Company.—Caledonian Mercury. In the kitchen garden of Earl Stanhope, at Chevening, in Kent, is a muscadine vine, which was reared from a cutting 31 years ago by his present gardiner, Mr. George Fender. It now extends over a space of 158 feet in length, and bears this year 2,040 bunches of grapes. Another vine of the same sort, and planted at the satne time, a short distance from it, is only of the ordinary size. —Times, - - EXAMPLE TO WlVES.—There is something very manly (says a danadian paper) about the following advertisement, pub lished lately in Portland by one of the fair sex :—"This is to certify, that I, Elizabeth Wright, wife of George Wright, have left his bed and board on account of his misconduct. I do, therefore, give up all right and title to him for life, as I flatter myself that I can take care of myself, as I have always done, since and before marriage. MAN AN ORGAN.—If I were to compare the human ma chine to a contrivance of art, I should choose for my foundation a large organ, wherein the bellows answer to the animal circu lation, the pipes to the organs of sensation and reflection, and the organist to the mind. But the organist here does not make all the music, for the pipes are so contrived as to sound with the striking of things external upon them, or by the mere working of the bellows, which plays as it were by clock-work without a blower.— Tucker's Light of Nature pursued. CLIMATE OF THE CAPE.—In a recent letter from Sir John Herschel, full of astronomical investigations, the learned phi losopher says—" You may form some idea of this climate, as regards clearness of sky, from what was told me by our profes sional governor, Colonel Bell—viz., that out of 42 successive days he had been only three times disappointed in finding Venus with the naked eye in broad sunshine. At 9 p.m. I read with ease, a few nights ago, the most involved parts of a lady's closely-crossed letter by the light of an eclipsed moon, then near the zenith."— Times. SPINNERS' STRIKE.—We are happy to have to state, that the dispute between the principal master spinners of Bolton, and their journeymen spinners has been amicably adjusted. The men requested 14 per cent. advance on the present prices for spinning, and the masters have handsomely conceded 5 per cent., and to abolish the payment for roving winding, which will make a difference of about 72 per cent. in favour of the men. We hope the workmen will duly appreciate the kindness of their employers in the present instance, and that the most perfect unanimity will be produced.—Bolton Chronicle. The following curious experiment has been tried with success on a mountain called Teufelsberg, near the village of Philipp. sthal, within the Prussian States. It became desirable to get rid of, a large rock, and in order to avoid the immense expense of the ordinary means, it was resolved to try the effect of at mospheric electricity. To this end a deep hole was made in the rock, and from it was raised a bar of iron 28 feet high. At the first thunder-storm that ensued, the lightning was attracted by' the iron bar, conducted in the ruck, which it shattered to pieces, and was afterwards easily carried away.—German paper. GIN-DRINKING IN THE METROPOLIS.—From the foot of Pentonville-hill to King's-cross, a distance of about 100 yards, there are three first-rate gin-palaces. On Sunday morning last a gentleman took the trouble of ascertaining the numbers which were "turned out" from each gin-shop at the hour of closing, eleven o'clock. From the gin-shop known as the Maidenhead, 93, including women ; fit:an the White Hart, 76; and from the Bell Tavern, at the foot of Pentonville-hill, 127! Out of the 296 thus vomited forth, 100 were quite drunk; another hundred stupid; and the remainin" 96 had scarcely suf f icient brains left to enable them to stagger home. What a sweet picture of " the Age of Intellect !"—Standard. SEALS.—The seal of the Begs of Moldavia and Wallachia, on their decrees and letters, and the arms placed over the gates of their palaces, churches, and peculiar, covenants, is simply a •hull's head, said to be in honour of St. Mark the Evangelist. The seal of the Cral of the Poles, impressed on their battle axes, &c., is an eagle with two heads ; and the seal of the Mus covite Emperor is the same, said to be in honour of St. John the Evangelist. The impression on the gold, silver, and cop per coins, is, on one side, an eagle with two heads, and, on the other, the Emperor riding on a horse, under the feet of which is a kind of dragon, which the Emperor is sticking with a spear, after the manner of St. George.—Mirror. • SOUTH AUSTRALIA.—Left this port, on Monday morning, the South Australian Company's fine bark, Sarah and Eliza beth, Captain Wakeling, bound on a whaling voyage to the South Sea, and thence to the above new colony, where her oil is to be landed, and sent home for sale, while the vessel again refits for the fishery. We hope that this beginning of our trade to South Australia will lead to a constantly increasing inter course with a colony enjoying a fair prospect of success. The Sarah and Elizabeth will be the eleventh vessel that has left England for South Australia; and, by the arrangements of the colonisation commissioners for Thai province, any of the sailors who are married have the privilege of a free passage for their wives, who will settle in the colony. Two more ships, with emigrants, are about to leave London for the same destina tion, and they will be followed almost immediately by another of the company's vessels, with an additional number of settlers; and it is expected that in five or six months' tine the popula tion of the new colony will be between 2,000 and 3,000.—Hu1l Rockinaham. MODERN REFORMED LEGISLATION.—The following is an entire clause, verbatim et literatim, of the new registration act: — Clause XIV. And be it enacted. That the registrar-general shall furnish to every superintendent registrar-general, foe the use of the registrars under his superintendence, a sufficient number of strong iron boxes to hold the register books to be kept by such registrar; and every such box shall be furnished with a lock and two keys, and no more; and one of such keys shall be kept by the registrar, and the other key shall be kept by the superintendent registrar; and the registrar books of each district, while in the custody of the registrar and not in use, shall always be kept in the registrar box, and the registrar box shall always be left locked !" No penalty is provided either for leaving it unlocked, or for having ' more than two keys." And this is what the public have to pay for the printing of! A subsequent clause (XL) makes it " lawful for the clergymen of the Church of England to ask parties coming to be married certain questions." What is to be done where ladies and gen tlemen shall feel it equally lawful to decline giving any answers ?—Northampton Herald. "VOLUNTARY PRINCIPLE."—The Rev. J. A. James has ad dressed a letter to the Patriot complaining of the want of due support to the Congregational School at Lewisham, of which letter the following is an extract:--" Is this statement credible ? Is it possible that it should be true ? It is : and we are com pelled to believe that an admirable institution for supplying gratuitously a good education to the sous of poor Dissenting Ministers, has but eleven subscribers in twenty-nine counties out of the fifty-two of_which England and Wales are composed! " 0 tell it not in Gath ! publish it not in Askelon !" Ls this the power and efficacy of the voluntary principle ?—this the love of non-conformity, which beats so strongly and glows so ardently in our bosoms ?—this the ground and support of our boast of the liberal manner in which our institutions are supported ?—this the way to prove how well we can do without the Regius's Donum . ? We are valiant, indeed, in words, chivalrous in pro fessions ; but does the state of the Congregational School, and of our other denominational institutions, sustain our tone? We want provision for the education of a hundred boys, and we have premises that, with enlargement would, I believe, admit of it, and we have not funds to educate above thirty! An individual founded also a girls' school, not long since, with the hope that others would enlarge it; and are there at this time a dozen pupils there?" COUNTY ELECTIONS.—The act for rendering more easy the taking of the poll at county elections, passed last session, enacts that his Majesty may, on petition from the justices of any county, riding, or division, in quarter sessions assembled, re presenting that the number of polling places for such county, &c., is insufficient, and praying that the place or places men tioned in the said petition may be a polling place or places, di rect that the justices of the peace for the said county, in quarter sessions or some special sessions assembled, as in the said act mentioned, shall ; conformably to the said act, divide such county, riding, parts, or division; into convenient polling dis tricts, and assign one of such districts to each polling place; and every such direction or order for creating additional polling places shall be certified under the hand of one of the clerks in ordinary of his Majesty's privy council, and when so certified shall be published in the London Gazette, and shall be of the same force and effect as if the same had been made by the au thority of Parliament. No such petition, however, is to be made without a month's previous notice to the clerk of the peace, signed by two justices or ten inhabitants being registered voters; persons objecting to such motion to he heard against it; but at every contested county election the high sheriff is to provide as many polling booths at each polling place as will allow, one for every 450 electors. THE WOMEN OF THE LEGION.—The specimens of the British "fair sex" brought over by the Legion, were certainly not cal culated to impress the Spaniards with high notions of our female beauty, and their tattered appearance, with dirty straw bonnets and blowsy mob-caps, was enough to astonish the trim senoras, and put into their mouths the often repeated question, "Whe ther all women in England were like these?' The tribes of shoeless Moll Flaggons from the Green Isle, who came over with our Irish regiments, are past all description, and the figure they cut in the rear of a battalion on march, with a pyramid of babes on their backs, and a couple trotting on each side, was singularly marvellous in the eyes of the natives, who at last looked upon them as a regular and necessary adjunct to the British Legion, or as a supernumerary company of wives and washerwomen to each regiment. How the numbers that came up with the convoy contrived to subsist on the march, I never could divine; for as their presence with the troops, at that pe riod, was contrary to orders, they were allowed no rations, and were totally without money, having had no opportunity of re ceiving any from their husbands fur the last six weeks. And vet they trudged along through dust and mire, in fair wetgl and in 'foul, for many a weary league, with light hearts and and cheeks, bidding defiance alike to the order of the lethe the accumulating hardships of the road, until they 21Ponths in the faction of passing the gates of Vittoria—Twel ve Leoion. l nie " said Mr. PARTICULARS OF PIE-MAKING. —o Wea r , he eatables on the grass. G a e d satis- Weller, soliloquising, as he arranged t . , made"Wer j y t, thingg a o n o d d ii; re like weal that the wery pie °an dKanfotwer the all, nt though, an as where's the odds, quite is sure a w posing. " Not they, sir," re and a wery nice man he was— eitalapni,e,,klthteenns ); (I,incs his hat. " I lodged in the same —m i; ake pies out o' anything he could. men themselves downh'tenktnhko7v:ottheser° difference ?" " Don't they, IS,laiemd?'l%'isra.idw,M.elrierP,ictkouvSei once, „11., houser ess ' l a r wi clever tha P s i c e h h m e a:P a n, ‘Ah,' says h, w t :ir:kin at me; ' they ant t o s s e a a y s .s o n I, till when h t e h rt e You must be wery fond o' s cats,' says he. •'O th er says he. ' Not • • winter, thougn, e s d a a o Ys p v a o l u r . t combination o' the butchers to keep up the price o' meat,' says sg pi a : y d :, : pgh l l lo i ea .e tt , iisan, :f t A n r is. : a is t n be i e ? " s r i l t .h a , c ) c h la itin t s h s e ): ils u o , u k T t e . e h : l TlS l W l : i s i .e h a y i ß i s , e or w ve h ld b t s'°a'aysg. he. • Mr. Weller, says he, squeezing my hand wery hard, and visperiug in my ear —e don't mention this here agin, but it's the seasonin' as does it. They're all made o' them noble animals,' says he, a pointing to wery nice little tabby kitten, ' and I sea son 'em for beef steak, weal, or kidney, 'cordin to the demand; and more than that,' says he, ' I can make a weal a beef stake, or a beef steak a kidney, or any one ou 'ens a mutton, at a minute's notice, just as the market changes and appetites wary!' " " He must have been a very ingenious young man, that, Sami" said Mr. Pickwick, with a slight shudder.—Pickack paws., Thu !St 29 The rci to Mr even way m i A )st, in. the gat LOP ed q., Ilad leS C,, tk3 b- Id ril b- er if of