The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-12-20 00:00:00

„EC, 20, 1836, had agreed with the owner, and he * said he had. The articles were blank when he signed them. The gentleman then wrote something on the articles. The captain, " That was mewl) , his signature as a witness." The complainant then proceeded to say, that when they got round the rock, he mentioned the cir cumstance to the captain, and told him that he should expect to receive wages at £3 per month. The captain replied, "Oh, aye, my lad! I. know all about it; its all right." With this he tested satisfied; but now the captain appealed to his articles, in which £2 Iss. per month was set opposite to his (complainant's) "me, and he refused to pay him any more. John Marshall, another seaman, who had sailed in the same vessel, was called. He corroborated the statement of the complainant, having wit nessed the transaction in the cabin, and heard the reply of the captain when the vessel was leaving the port. In reply to a ' question from the captain, this witness stated that he had already received his wages at the rate of £2 15s. per month. A gentle- Man to whom the note had been paid for the advance of the first month's wages stated, that it was for £3, which sum had be ,n Paid to him by the owners on presenting the note. The de fence of the captain was merely an appeal to the articles, and statement that the seaman had misbehaved himself. Mr. Hall said, the behaviour of the complainant had nothing to do with the present case. The captain was asked by the magistrate where the gentleman was who had signed the articles as witness. The reply was that he was at Brighton. The captain conti nued to appeal to the articles, by which he thought he ought to be governed. Mr. Hall said, the defendant forced him to use a harsh expression. He must say, that a fraud had been at tempted to be practised on the seaman, and in this case he Should not be governed by the articles. The defendant was or deted to pay the wages at the rate of £3 per month. AN UNABLE SEAMAN.—The master of the ship Lima appear ed before Mr. Hall, on Saturday, having been summoned by John M'Kenzie, to show cause why he refused to pay the latter his wave. The complainant stated that he had shipped at Quebec, on the 29th of October, as a seaman, at the rate of £6 per month. The voyage was to be from Quebec to Liverpool. At Quebec he had received £2 10s. on account of his wages. The captain acknowledged that the statement of the man was correct, but he had shipped as an able seaman, and when they had got to sea he was found to be incapable of doing a seaman's duty, He (the captain) did not, in the first instance, know that the complainant was lame, or he should not have taken him. When they had got to sea, it was found that he had lost the half of one of his feet, so that he was nearly useless. The captain called James Johnson, his mate, to prove the incapacity of the complainant for what he had undertaken. The mate said . he (the complainant) was so indolent that the watch would be called five or six times before he could be aroused, and he scarcely ever made his appearance till half an hour after he should have been on deck. When put to the helm he could not steer, and iu every instance when so employed a person, generally the second mate, was set to look over him and direct him, otherwise he would have thrown the ship out of her course. He was of no use on a yard, as he could not take in sail or per form aaittgle operation. When an order was given to him he was " like as if' he`were daft, and would go and do something else." This must have been either through obstinacy or ignorance. If he were told to pull one rope he would lay hold of another, and commence hauling away. Many a time he (witness) was obliged to lead him and put the rope into his band. ' Once," said witness, " when I was heaving the lead, I ordered him to take hold of the reel, and he went and seized fast hold of tie: fore sheet." The captain said that the com plainant and two others whom he had shipped at Quebec had been so dirty in their habits that all the other , sailors had left the fore part of the ship, and he had been obliged to find them berths abaft. Mr. Hall said sailors were not generally the Must fastidious people in the world. Captain.—" No; but When they cannot put up with each other's dirt that must be exceedingly bad." The captain said he should not consider that the complainant was worth more than £3 per month. Mr. Hall thought that, under the circumstauces, this was sufficient. The captain was therefore directed to pay the balance, which amounted to 16s. IMPUDENT ATTEMPT AT ROBBERY.—Yesterday, at the Police office, two lads, named Charles Cotteril and John Oliver, the eldest of whom did not appear above twelve years old, were placed before the magistrates, charged with attempting to rob :Mr. Sharp of Whitechapel. Mr. Sharp deposed that be had employed the lesser boy, Cutteril, for the last five or six weeks on the Saturdays, to rim errands. On Saturday evening, about six o'clock, he had counted 27 sovereigns and a half into a bag, and also some silver in another bag; a customer came into the shop to ask for change of half a sovereign, and after be had given him the change he was talking to him. He had not been three minutes talking to him, when, on accidentally turning his head towards his private office, he saw the prisoner. Cutteril there. He trembled so much that he searched him at once but found nothing on him, and sent him to grind some coffee; he immediately again counted his money, and found that three sovereigneand a half were missing. He called him into the office again, and said, " Charles, give me that money ; if you don't I will call an officer in directly." He then pulled a sovereign out of his mouth, and he (witness) said " that was not all, he knew what he had got and he might as well give it him," and he then pulled a sovereign and a half and a shilling out of his mouth. He then gave information of the circum stance to the police. Flockart, the police officer, deposed, that in consequence of information he had received from Mr. Sharp, be went down to his shop and found the other lad Oliver Asarading upend down in front of the shop; he questioned him what he was about, and from his unsatisfactory answers he took him into custody. He then said he was waiting to receive some money from Cotieril. Cotteril then confessed, voluntarily, that on the different Saturdays on which be had been employed by Mr. Sharp, he had stolen £1 4s. W., 125., £2 lOs. £1 10s., and 65., besides the money which he had taken fium his master that day, and that he used to give the money as soon as he had got it, to Oliver who waited at the door. He then asked them what they had done with the money ? They said they went over to Cheshire on Sundays. and spent the money in riding Roneys and getting dinners. The prisoners had nothing to say in defence. The informations for their commitment were or dered to be taken. SINGULAR CHARGE OF ROBBERY.—Yesteday, at the Police office, a young man, a porter, named John Pearson, was brought before the magistrates, charged with having appropriated to his own use £2l 15s. 6d., which had been entrusted to him in 183.5, - by the barmaid of Mr. Lynn, of the Waterloo, to pay a trades • man's bill with. A person named Fletcher deposed to having been in the service of Mr. Lynn in July, 1835. He received from two gentlemen, named Adams and Reser, in that month £2l 15e. 6d., for the payment of two tailor's bills, due to Mr. Richardson, of Lord-street. He handed over that money to the barmaid. Miss H. Swinton deposed that she was at that time barmaid to Mr. Lynn, and took charge of the money in • question. It was during the race week in 1835. She rang the porters' bell, and believed, the prisoner at the bar answered the bell. The money was given to him for to pay the bills with. To the best of her belief the prisoner was the man she gave the money to, but she could not take ou herself to swear it at this distance of time. The prisoner never returned, and bad never been seen since till last Saturday night. Charles Hollinshead, a porter in the employment of Mr. Lynn, deposed to having beeir in his employment for the last four years, and he knew the prisoner to have been in Mr. Lynn's employ. The prisoner came to him on last Saturday night, and asked for some clothes which he had left in July, 1835, when he left his place. He • (witness) asked him where he had been sent, that he left his place; and he .replied that he did not know. He said if he could get his clothes he would go away again, and keep out of the way. Mr. Lynn said they did not discover that the money had not been paid till two or three months afterwards, when Messrs. Richardson applied for their bill to one of the gentlemen who was then at their house. They then found that the porter bad run away to whom the money had beets given. The prisoner • said he would take his oath he had never received the money ; - that there were one or two strange porters engaged during that week, owing to the races. The case was remanded till to-day, for the attendance of two other porters. HIGH LIFE BELOW STAlRS.—Yesterday, at the Police - office, Mr. Charles Howell, of Canning-place, appeared to lay a complaint against his servants, two girls, named Eliza Wright, and Ann Gough for having admitted three young men, named John Connor, William Brannon, and John Mulligan, into his , house on Sunday night, in direct opposition to his express injunctions, and for having treated them to the best that his house afforded when his unexpected intrusion upon their jolity cut short their entertainment. The male prisoners presented as • complete a rapscallion and blackguard appearance as it has been our lot to witness. On going out about 9 o'clock with his lady to a friend's, he fastened the house up, and gave the two girls strict charge that if any one knocked at the door they were not to answer, that it might be supposed they were from home. He then leftahe house with Mrs. Howell, locking the door after him, and putting the key in his pocket. On return • ing, at a little before eleven o'clock, he was quite surprised to find the three male prisoners sat round a table at his kitchen fire, all of them in a state of intoxication. On the table they had a jug of ale, half a gallon of coffee, some broad(' ham, some . corned beef, and some hot rolls, regaling themselves in first rate style on his property. It appeared that the girls had helped the men in by a shutter, through one of the windows. He remonstrated with them on the impropriety of their con duct, and they then commenced to abuse him. On blaming the girls, they one laid the blame on the other, and he could make nothing of them. As they were so abusive, and behaved . so badly, he gave them all into custody. Mr. Hall.—Do you think the girls had been keeping company with these . young men ? Complainant. —l don't know; it appealed strange that there were three of them to two females. (A laugh.) Had they been two respectable young men 1 should have reprimanded the girls and sent them about their business. It appeared to sue that they wanted to stow these young men away. My last servant was transported, and these are two new ones, add one - of them has only been with me a week and the other a fortnight. Laughter.) Mr. Hall.—Well, Brannan, what have you to say ? Prisoner.—Och, these two boys 1 gev a gallon or two of ale to, and dhese gals sent for one of (These boys dhat she wanted 'inass An' he wint along to bur, an' ax'd me to go wid Mr. Hall (to Conner, a dirty unshaven-looking fellow, with out any cravat, and a ragged dirty coat, buttoned a la militaire, under bis chin.)—What are you Prisoner.—John Connor. (Laughter.) Mr. Hall.—What trade are you? Prisouer.—A tailor, sur. This boy was too far gone an' wint to see dhe gal an' I at dhe same time; an' this boy - wint either us becase he could not sthop behind us. (A laugh.) Mr. Hall.—Where is your place of business? Prisoner.—Och, shore, in Paradishe-coort; an' I'ms, a journeyman wid a giutleman named Forster, in Paradishe coort, as carries on a gintale bizness as a tailer. (Laughter.) Eliza Wright, one of the girls, then said :—Please, sir, I opened the window for them to come in; I have known them a long time, and I did not mean any thing wrong. Mr. Halt.—lt was very wrong to let them in and entertain them at your master's expense. The probability is that your master will discharge you in consequence, and you will have lost a good place. It is very wrong, indeed. Girl.—They bad nn meat at all; it was for our suppers; and the coffee I made was for myself, as I was poorly. Mullighan was then fined ss. for being drunk, as Mr. Howell said be had been very abusive to him. The rest were discharged. DISASTROUS WRECK.—During the tremendous storm on the evening and night of 'Wednesday last, the brig Liverpool, bur t4n 353 tons, Thomas Louden, master, bound from 111iramichi, New Brunswick, to Liverpool, with a cargo of deals, spars, and lathwoed, was driven on the bar of Inch, in Dingle Bay, at the hnur of twelve at night, and, amidst the raging surf, innne diately became a total wreck. On the vessel first striking, the captain and Mrs. Louden (who unfortunately accompanied her husband on the voyage) were washed overboard. Mrs. Louden was never after seen. The captain gained the shore by laying hold of a rope, but died shortly after of grief, cold, and fatigue. The remainder of the crew, fifteen in number, were saved. The Liverpool sailed from Miramichi on the 15th November. On the morning after the wreck, the moment the melancholy intel ligence reached Captain Eager, of Minard, the next resident magistrate, that very active and benevolent gentleman has tened to the aid and kind relief of the sufferers, accompanied by a party of coast guards and police, but, before they cou ld possi bly arrive. plunder to a considerable extent had taken place. Captain Ea:Ter, with the party under his o r d ers , cont i nue d at the wreck, affordin , every assistance possible for the preserva lien of the. pipped y, - on a bleak shore, and iu weath er th e most inc!einent-we.ever, t ememi , er, even at this season of the year, xtreme severity, we are i n f orioe d , that ' and as a,n instance of , t 4 " a poor labourer, named 11 who was working, at thy' wro th on Thurvbay, died yesferdey, having actually perished of cold trnd fatigue.—Kerry Post: 1 7 jr 9 THE THEATRE. ROYAL. Last evening the French company of comedians commenced the term of their engagement at this theatre. As a company, they are weak, the whole corps dramaique consisting only of eight persous. The pieces they represent, however, being mere vaudevilles, do not require a very numerous company. Ni. Ber nard, the manager of the corps, played the part of Renneville in a one act vaudeville, entitled " Les Pmnieres Amours," and also of M. Jovial, a jovial Cliansonnier, filling the office of a Hussier. He is possessed of considerable comique powers, and sings well. Both pieces possessed but little incident and plot, and were almost wholly conversational between two or three of the characters, enlivened continually by the merry sallies of M. Bernard. Mdlle. Clemence and Madile. Aline, the female part of the corps, are pretty looking Frenchwomen, but indiffer ent actresses. The performance, however, is a novelty, and attracted a good house, and we doubt not will continue to do so during the stay of the company. Many will attend for the pur pose of hearing the language, and putting to the test their knowledge of lelingue Francais. Miss Adelaide O'Bryan and Signor Saxoni are most beautiful and elegant danseurs. Their performance was loudly encored. MR. SUTTON'S EXHIBITION AT THE LIVER THEATRE. — This is Mr. Sutton's last week of exhibiting his extraordinary performances. The houses since his commencement have been both crowded and respectably attended. We have before no ticed his clever feats of legerdemain, and his talents as a ven triloquist, and we can only repeat our former advice, to those who wish for an evening's amusement, that they will most as suredly find it at Mr. Sutton's exhibition. Its variety baffles our descriptive powers; we cannot, however, say too much in praise of his ability. LINTER. THEATRE.—This theatre, under the management of Messrs. Raymond and Hammond, will commence its season at the usual period. As the Theatre-royal is also to he kept open, for a season, some apprehensions are entertained by the friends of the smaller, but equally attractive establishment, that the contention with its more powerful rival will result iu an unpro ductive season. For our own part, however, we cannot see why a town like Liverpool should not be able to support two theatres, while in London a plurality of them, out of all proportion, are successful. An excellent company of performers has, we un derstand, been engaged, and the spirit with which the managers have conducted their former undertakings is an earnest that the present season will not be barren of interest. The season com mences on Monday next. SERMON OF THE REV. HUGH M'NEILE AT ST. MARK'S CHURCH. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STAND4RD. Ste,—On Tuesday evening last, according to previous an nouncement, a sermon was preached at St. Mark's Church, by the Rev. H. M'Neite, after which a collectien was made to de fray expenses incurred by the purchase of a new organ ; and never perhaps at any period did the church present a spectacle so truly animating, being densely crowded in e ver y p ar t, even to the Ailing of all the aisles ; it was with no small difficulty ad mission could be obtained with convenience for hearing after the time appointed fur divine service. Passing over any re marks upon the choir, so admirably arranged, and the noble in strunient which gave to the performance all the grandeur and magnificence of harmony and song, and to those present every thing that could possibly enchant and delight the ear, I would briefly Avert to-one or two particulars of the sermon, and which, I fear, from the mode of treating adopted by the rev. gentleman, will have led some to infer 'that sacred music is a subject with him rather to be discouraged than countenanced in any of our temples of worship; than which nothing could be farther from the design of the learned preacher throughout the whole of his discourse. The portion of scripture selected for this text was taken from the book of the prophet Ezekiel, 33 chap. xxxii v.; and, as will be seen, highly appropriate to the occasion. The preacher first adverted to the state of the Jewish people in the days of the prophet, and to the reception he met with, as also the mode invariably adopted by them in hearing the solemn warnings, rebukes, and admonitions which at that time seemed the subjects of his high and holy commission ; and here, the learned g entleman drew the striking pa ra ll e l b e t we e n the conduct of the Jews then, and that exhibited by a great por tion of the professing christian world flow expressing, in their outward demeanour, much apparent deep anxiety about perso nal holiness, yet destitute of the principle of active virtue. That music possesses many and pleasing attractions, all ca pable of administering to the enjoyment of the more refined and sensitive parts of our nature cannot be denied; but the rev. gentleman maintained as an objection against this, that it also possessed over many minds an influence tending to create fal lacious ideas respecting its character, as though it stood closely connected with religious principle, than which nothing can be farther from the truth ; for if it be affirmed that music greatly augments our spiritual enjoyments then may it also be affirmed, that our organic powers partake of the oneness with the imma terial existent part of our being, and that, therefore, there can be no real distinction between the _perceptions of sense, and that principle of the soul relative to its connexion with essen tial holiness; and there lay the danger of misunderstanding the rev. gentleman's argument; it was on this part of his subject, where many, I fear, would be likely to draw an incorrect infe rence; but so manifestly did he make it appear by pleasing and familiar illustration, that-enjoyment of our sensitive organs ter minated with the occasion which first provoked them; that I wonder to find, as indeed I have found, any who could so far misapprehend the design and scope of the entire subject, which evidently went to show the unhappy consequences resulting to those who mistake excited feeling for religious principle; and not, as is reported, in anywise to discard all music as a mis chievous accompaniment of religious worship. It was ob served by some who were present, that the rev. gentleman did not expatiate upon the merits of musical performances quite so largely as appears to have been anticipated, but simply adverted to it, more as accidental than intentional; in reply to such, it may be observed, that had he done so, in terms of the most lavish commendation, where would have been the advan tages—nay, rather where not the disadvantage?—far there is reason to fear that had such been the case, to gratify the few, many would have left the church under feelings of grievous disappointment, instead of deriving spiritual edification from a well digested discourse. It was not, I presume, the preacher's intention, when invited to the pulpit of St. Mark's, to com mence a laboured disquisition to the musical world, either to prove his knowledge of the enchanting art, or his skill in its performance; far otherwise—pulpit eloquence busies nut itself with objects of mere sensitive enjoyments, whether it be music. vocal, 'or instrumental, or' anything, in short, which merely forms an accompaniment, and is not essential to religious wor ship; the great business of a divine, is to watch with all care and vigilance for the spiritual well being of his hearers, to " rightly divide the word of truth," and so leave all subjects of less vital importance, to those only whose inclinations lead to admire, and whose ove of practice induce to action. How then did the Rev. Gentleman in question treat the subject of his discourse ? Truly, by calling the attention of his hearers to the fundamentals of religion. All his energies were directed, and all his eloquence employed in poinling out and setting forth the character of deity as exhibited in his word ; a subject so well calculated to excite the better feelings of our nature, and to bring into active exercise those affections of the soul, which in their operation result in communicating a rich source of spiri tual enjoyment to their happy possessor. Thus did he preach the paramount importance of the message sent, and, while ex patiating on God's love—contrasting the same with the unde servedness of man even in a state of the most exalted piety—the loftiness of his style, and the grandeur of his imagination, ap peared so to rivet the attention of his hearers, as at times to produce a stilness throughout the vast assemblage, a solemn silence, characteristic only of the grave. It may reasonably enough be anticipated —as such I have been informed is the case—that the columns of some of your esteemed contemporaries are to contain observations of an inflammatory nature against the conduct of the rev. gentle man in question, and in the abundance of their liberality, as we have seen, are liberal even to profuseness, in fulminating out their bitter invective, because, forsooth, the organ, with all its internal machinery, &c., did not form a leading feature of the learned gentleman's truly Scriptural discourse, and that there fore the object for which he was invited proved a complete failure. I much wonder whether the amount of money pro cured, £llO, on that occasion would not have fallen far short of what it did, had the whole musical world been particularized in detail. If the object of those in attendance, who were so unfor tunate as to mistake the subject of discourse so ably and elo quently gone through, was only for the purpose of gathering information touching the construction of organs, &c. then. I can well enou g h a pp rec i a t e th e awry feelings and dis appointed hopes of the unenvied few ; with such anticipa tions, the Messrs. Bewsher and Fleetwood were the fittest persons from whom to gather the required knowledge, and not from a professed minister of the Gospel, whose duties are of a more sacred character, and whose province it is to intermeddle not with secular concerns only so far as it is needful for the common purposes of life. Whenever, therefore, the same gentleman is invited to occupy the pulpit of some one of his respected fellow-ministers, let me advise the more petulant and fastidious hearers, first to satisfy themselves, if possible, as to the course likely to be pursued by the learned divine, which is, according to tru th, that they presume not to retire from the temple appropriated for religious worship, under feelings the most unchristian, and with disappointed and blighted hopes. Dec. 15th, 1836. J. L. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sirt,—You being a friend to the culture of science and litera ture, and also a friend to the moral improvement of the lower classes of the people, allow me through the medium of your va ltfable and widely circulated journal to make a few remarks on the. subject of the Brougham Institution, which is now under process of formation. I attended one of their preparatory meet ings the other evening, and from what I then heard., it seems that one attic' principal features of the institution is, the este biistiing of i news-room, to be in conjunction with a library, and the delivery of lectures I think, sir, it is a great pity that a news-room should be connected with this institution. Y can not conceive why politics should be introduced at all into an in stitution where the object is, or ought to be, the moral and in tellectual improvement of those classes of society for which it is intended, and how these great desiderata can be accomplished, by the mechanics amusing themselves by the perusal of all that low and vulgar abuse of persons, which characterises too many of our local papers, I cannot divine. It is not right, and it gives me a very miserable opinion of the sense of the originators of this institution, that young men whose whole education barely comprises reading and writing, should be entrusted with poli tics, and thus taught to hate their neighbours, because they do not agree in some points of a political character with them selves. Besides the ill-educated man, by habitually reading the newspapers, is liable to fall into errors, which, by giving him a false notion of his consequence, may make him eventually a curse to society, and prove the cause of his own ruin. Again, sir, I do not think that a news-room will have the effect, as an= ticipated by some, of preventing young men from frequenting the ale-house; it is said that the object of their meeting to gether is for the purpose of enjoying each other's company, true, but can they enjoy erch other's company in a news-room? —No. The news-rothu, by not imposing any restraint upon -- their minds, as a lecture would do , would meritly be made a place, if attended at an, of appointment, from whence they would repair to the neighbouring public-house, and spend their evening, as they do now, in riot and dissipation. Such, sir, I conceive %%11l be the effects produced by establishing a news room in connection with this institution, and I would earnestly recommend that this part of the design be entirely abandoned. If the money which would necessarily have to be laid out on the news-room was appropriated to the expense of an increased number of lectures, I think it would be put to a much wiser pur pose: and I am sure, if V is continued, the institution will never have the support and countenance of those who are friendly only to the lower classes having a moral education.—l am, sir, Four most obedient servant, E. Liverpool, Dec. 19, 1336. TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL ST/IND.4RD, An a nonym,,,,Nnute having appeared in the Standard of Tues day last, in which it is stated that the gig formerly belonging fo Mr. Parr was driven at a most culpable rate, in Vauxhall-road, on Wednesday. the 7th cf December, and that a son of Mr. Jimes was seriously injured thereby; and a note to the same etre( t. hut omitting the name, being insert e d in the Mercury of this day, 1 beg to say that the gig belonging to my late father was not used at all between the 27th of Nove m l,, , ii a nd . l . osh of D,•ember. ALFAED" PARTZ Camden -street, 16th December, 1836. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. ROMAN CATHOLIC MORALITY IN THEORY AND PRACTICE. TO ME EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STrINDARD. Sr it,—The following circumstance occurred very recently in this town. An Irish Roman Catholic servant acknowledged to her mistress that she had at times, when she refused her more than her usual, and as was thought sufficient, allowance of sugar, gone and secretly taken it from the bowl. And she said this was no sin, because she did not give it out of the house. If this offence were an individual act, unconnected with the doctrines taught by the church of which she is a member, the odium and guilt w o uld res t with the individual so offending but, that it is only the natural fruit of the precepts of the Church of Rome, let the following extracts prove. Ei,ract from Bailly's Treatise on Moral Theology, part or the the course of* study in the Roman Catholic College fir the Educa of Priests, itlaynooth, Ireland : " Qsestion.—What is to be thought of servants who pilfer (surrepientibus ) any thing from their masters? " Answers.--That they sin mortally it they pilfer a consider able quantity; venially it a small quantity. But, if they steal money, furniture, or such things, the same quantity is required to constitute a mortal sin as if they were strangers; nay, rather, their crime is more detestable, as well because they violate the trust reposed in them by their masters, as because their masters are oftener more displeased than if a stranger stole from them. But if servants should pilfer (suiripuennt) any thing to eat, they do not always sin; that is to say, if it be some food which their masters would readily , permit them to use if leave were asked from them; or, at least, they sin more venially, and a greater quantity is required to make a mortal sin than with respect to strangers, because it would be generally less con trary to the wishes of a master. They sin mortally, however, if they pilfer for the purpose of carousing, or in order to sell, or give away to others, or if they should make use of dainties and choice wines, which the master wishes to reserve for himself, and which are not usually allowed to servauts."—Bailly's Theology ( vol. 2, p. 239-240. That pilfering small quantities, in this extract, does not refer to the understood liberty of servants to eat a sufficient quantity of the articles given for their use is evident from the passage itself, because the answer sets out by saying, that " to pilfer small quantities is a venial sin," and even in respect to small quantities pilfered fur eating, it acknowledges it may be " a more venial sin." But to eat what is allowed by the master is no sin at all. And, therefore, liberty is here given actually to steal, and yet the Church of Rome teaches her priests and the priests teach the people that it is no sin, or at least a more venial one. Suppose it to b e a ve nial sin, let us see the barrier opposed to its committal by the Church of Rome, by consider ing the doctrines taught respecting venial sins in another part of the course on theology, viz.:—Dogmatic Theology, vo l. 5, p. 56, where we learn that venial sins do not separate from the grace of God; that they may be concealed from the priest without incurring blame, and may be expiated in many ways: How trifling a matter they make venial sins! What a strong safeguard for a master's property ! Thus it is easy to perceive whence sprung the servants doctrine and practice. How opposed is this theology to the holy doctrines and precepts of the word of God ! We there , learn concerning sin, " The soul that sinneth it shall die." Ezekiel, c. 18, v. 4. No mention is here made of the amount of sin, but only of the fact. And again, " WhosoeVer shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all." James, c. 2, v. 10. Such is the doctrine of the Bible respecting sin; and its moral precepts are equally pure and tending to holiness. Of servants it says, " Not purloining, but showing all good fidelity." Titus, c. 2. v. 10. How have they, in this case, made the commandment of God of none effect by their traditions! I would propose to the masters and mistresses of Liverpool to demand a recantation of this doctrine from each Roman Catholic servant before hiring him or her.—! remain, &c., Liverpool, Dec. 14, 1836. H. W. A POPULAR COURSE OF CHEMISTRY. MECHANICS' INSTITUTION. GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY VIADUCT. The ceremony of laying the keystone of the twentieth and last arch of the viaduct across the valley of the Weaver, near Dutton, in Cheshire, was performed on Friday the 2d instant, in the presence of the directors of the Grand Junction Railway and a numerous assemblage of gentlemen, who were accom panied there by Mr. Locke, the engineer to the company. The masonic ceremony was . deputed to Mr. James Heywortii, one of the directors, and, after the stone had bee❑ laid into the place assigned for it, amidst the enthusiastic cheers of the assemblage and the workmen and_ the firing of canon, Mr. Heyworth dexterously applied the trowel and the mortar, and then address ed the company in a very eloquent speech of considerable length, and peculiarly well and happily adapted to the various circumstances connected with this interesting event; he was followed by an able speech from Mr. Locke, which afforded the highest gratification upon his announcing that, through the whole progress of this stupendous work, neither a life nor a limb had been lost, which - reflects great credit upon the arrange ments of the resident engineer, Mr. Errington, and Mr. Betts and his son, the agents of Mr. M'lntosh, the contractor for the work. The Rev. Mr. Stanhope concluded with a very feeling address in allusion to the exemplary conduct of the workmen employed, and in the evening the viaduct was illuminated with torches, and the operat►ves were regaled with a bountiful supper and ample allowance of ale. ' This gigantic structure, which is now so near its completion, appears to be less known tb the public than the grandeur of the design and the maenificence of the undertaking merits, and it will scarcely be believed that a work of this extent and of such superiority in style and architecture, far exceeding inf magnitude anything of the kind yet accomplished in this country, or per haps in Europe, not even excepting the splendid bridge over the Menai Straits in Wales, should have attracted so little notice hitherto. The viaduct is of the Gothic order, formed of red stone pro cured from the neighbourhood of Bolton and Runcorn ; it con sists of twenty arches of sixty feet span and sixty feet in height, and the battlements, when finished, will add twelve feet more to the height; and the whole length is 1,400 feet. 700,000 square feet of stone have been used in the work, and it will be completed in less than eighteen months from the time of its commencement, and at an expense of £50,000, being considera ably under the estimate. It will•enable our readers in this neighbourhood to form some idea of the magnitude of this great work when we inform them that its length is equal to the distance from St. George's Church, iu Castle-street, to the Postoffice, in Church-street, and the height of the arches equal to our loftiest - warehouses. The view from the : v idduct is exeeediug picturesque, commehendiug an extensive valley for miles in every direction, variegated with a winding stream, and fringed up to the horizon with rich wood lands. As the viaduct may be approached by means of a steam-boat, direct frOin• Liverpool up the river Weaver, it will no doubt be a favourite water excursion during the ensuing summer; and, for.those who wish to visit it with greater expedition, as the entire length of the Grand Junction Railway to Birmingham is now decided to be opened on the Ist of June next, a sight of this fine piece of workmanship may be then obtained iu little More than a❑ hour from Liverpool. LOSS AND RECOVERY OF A BANKER'S PARCEL. Some accounts were lately published relating to the loss of a parcel belonging to the Northern and Central Bank of Eng land, which were, in many important particulars, erroneous. The following statement still be found to be correct:— On Tuesday morning, the sth instant, Mr. Evans, the ma nager of the head office in Manchester , arrived in town by mail, having with him a parcel containing about £96,000in good bills, £5,000 in Bank of England notes, £4OO in the notes of country bankers, and £lO,OOO in American and other securities. The parcel was placed iu a crimson bag and locked. The bag Mr. Evans took with him in a cab from the new Post -office to St. Paul's Coffee-house. The bag, with its contents, was lost, but the loss was fortunately discovered before daylight, and was im mediately made known to Mr. Braidley, one of the directors, who happened at the time to be in London. Immediate steps were taken by Mr. Braidley mid Mr. Evans to recover the pro perty; their first efforts, however, were unavailing, and Forres ter, was consulted. Mr. Braidley and Mr. Evan s thought of offering a high reward for the recovery of the p arce l ; but, by the judicious advice of Forrester, it was determi ne d to o ff er by handbill a reward of £lO only for the delivery of a cri m s on b ag , describing it, and the manner of its being lost, at St. Paul's Coffee-house, no mention of banker's parcel or b an k er ' s of fi ce, or any idea of the value of the parcel being given, 'The b ag was found by the horsekeeper, in the stable-yard, some hours after the cabman had put up his horse, and gone to bed, his duty being night-work; and it was thrown by the finder under some straw in a vacant stall. When the cabman went to 'fake out his horse again, the horsekeeper told him of the booty, and they together determined to keep the bag the three days allowed by law, and then, if no reward was offered, to take it to Somerset House. Two men then knew of the loss , and it could not be passed the t wrongly appropriated by either without their joint privity. The o cabman by t the e had taken cabman whhioss whose t r u e r o n u i t e of h a n d i s taken, ,aatTsd h " e 'as re complained stand near the Postoffice; and the former replied, " Oh, it was no great catch, for 1 ouly got a shilling for taking a gentleman to St. Paul's Coffee-house. It happened that one of the hand bills fell into the hands of the disappointed cabman, who, put ting things together, concluded that it related to his rival of the morning, and forthwith went to him with the news, and finally a bargain was struck, that the two cabmen and the horsekeeper should share the reward among them, and the parcel was deli vered at St. Paul's Coffee-house, by the three men, about eight o'clock in the evening, being within thirteen hours of the time when the parcel was lost. It is right to mention that £lO was given to each of the three men who aided the speedy delivery of the parcel tti its owners. In the course of the day, when the loss was made known, ru mour magnified the disaster, as far as the result t o th e b an k was concerned, and on Wednesday its credit became exceed ingly shaken in quarters vitally important to its stability and efficiency. A consultation upon the affair immediately took place between the principal London agents and the chief ma nager in London, when an intiniatien was conveyed to them to the following effect :—That if th2y were pressed, the Bank of England was ready to advance them : eny suns to carry them over their temporary difficulties. ,The offer of the hank of England was finally accepted, and the doubts and fears occa sioned by the rumou soon subsided. THINGS IN STRANGE CoLOUR3.—We have all either seen or read of that anomalous creature, a u*ite blackbird. Perhaps of a morning too, gentle reader, after sitting up too late on the previous night, you may have been told that the white of your eve was red, and all this, too, without starting. A native of Paddy-land, asked a neighbour if he had ever seen red black berries ? "To be sure I have," said Pat, "all blackberries are red when they are green !"—Laird of Logan. WORKING OF THE BALLOT.—A periodical writer describes the following effect of the Ballot in A merica :—" I have seen the Ballot in Aine'riea: and I tell you that if it would he here a juggle, it is there a jest; if here it would be a trick on public honesty, there it is an insult to common understanding. It has two uses : one is, that it allows the candidate to bribe to any ex tent he likes, without fear of being brought to book afterwards for his laid votes; the other is, that it allows men who are too drunk to know their right hand from their left, to give their votes at. the hustings. I have seen it at New York, at Boston, at Baltimore, and at the head-quarters of republicanism. I have seen `free citizens,' as they call themselves, carried to the p o ll, so drugged with brandy and opium, that they knew no more of the candidate than of the man in the moon: that they could no more speak English than one of the Unknown Tongues.' and no more walk, than if they had been bOrn without legs: I have seen such fellows actually carried in men's arms to the hustings : I have seen the balloting ticket put into their hands when th ey could not distingtlish black from white: . I have seen the tickets of a particular candidate poured out in heaps upon the voters, and every man' s vote as umeh known in this way beforehand as if it had been Published by the common crier. Just before I left America, I was at the Philadelphia election. the whole city was in terror, from one end to the other : mobs paraded the streets, threatening horning and murder to every one; and this was no chance quarrel. The,mob . were regularly set in motion by the committees. I saw them t:ting in the streets. I saw them atternpt to take the committee-house of the unpopular candidate by storm ; they were beaten off. and that with no small loss of lives; for this was none of your child's play of ' hontin. ! and throwin , ., mud, but an affair of bullet and haynner. Finally, they street to the charge, and burnt down the house and half the street a!imii ith' it! " Horns fur Freedom! LECTURE X. On Saturday evening Mr. Hemming proceeded with his valuable and interesting course. Gold was abundantly found in ancient times, and as highly valued as at the present day. We frequently find it alluded to in the Scriptures; thus we read that Solomon received in one year 6GG talents of gold, or 76,0001b5. weight, and that all his drinking vessels, as wall as all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon, were of fine gold. None were of silver: it was nothing accounted of in the days of Solomon. The great beauty, lustre, malleability, and ductility of this metal, its un changeable nature, as well as its comparative scarceness, caused it to be as much appreciated formerly as at present. As gold is found in its native state, although mechanically united with other substances, the art of reducing might have been very easy, and, in all probability it was, incidentally discovered. In modern times gold is chiefly found in South America, but there is scarcely a metal which is more universally distributed over the whole world, except iron and arsenic, but its quantity is so small that it is rarely worth the trouble of separation. In the sixteenth century it was found in the mines of Upper Hungary, and worked with great success. It has been found also in Cornwall and in Scotland. The largest quantity ever found in the three kingdoms was discovered in the Wicklow mountains, of the weight of 22 ounces. A mass of gold has been met with in South America weighing 448 ounces, and another 528 ounces, but the average quantity met with is from five to six ounces in 50001bs. weight of ore. A few years ago part of a mountain in Paraguay fell down, and masses of gold, from 20 to &Abs. weight, were found. The followers of Christopher Columbus found such large quantities of gold, in such large masses, that they thought they had found the Eldorado. A labouring man or a sailor sometimes found as much in a day as was worth £2OO. Gold is found in great abundance between the tropics. All regions nevertheless contain it, and it is probable that mountains contain considerable quantities of it, and that it is washed down into the rivers by rain. We receive annually 4000 ounces of gold dust from Africa, which is separated from the sand of the rivers flowing through that country. Great quantities of gold are found in the sand of the river Aranos, the collection of which affords employment to 7000 families. The current of one of the rivers in Brazil was turned fur the purpose of extracting the gold from its sandy bottom. M an y o f the European rivers contain particles of gold amongst their sands ; amongst these are the Rhine, the Rhone, the Danube, the Tagus, the Elbe, the Oder, and the Schwaritz. Gold seeking is a very bad trade in Africa, and very indifferently rewards those engaged in it. The mode of separating it from the river sand is extremely sim ple. The natives judge from the appearance and colour of the - sand whether it is rich in gold. It is found in greatest abun dance in . rich ochreous sand containing iron, after heavy storms of rain, by which it is brought down from the mountains by the force of the torrent. When the particles of gold are separated from the sand they are found perfectly smooth, as ifabraded by the action of the sand and water. Now those who collect the gold keep the sand containing it in perpetual agitation iu a vessel beneath the surface of the water, by which means the gold sinks to the bottom by its greater gravity. They continue this process until they think a quantity of gold has accumulat e d a t the bottom of their vessel, when they pick out its minute. parti cles. k'pr commercial purposes this process is pursuer ll un a larger scale, and mercury employed for the purpose of forming an amalgam with the gold. The excess of mercury is then strained off through leather ; and the amalgam being subjected to a sufficient degree of heat, the mercury is driven off, and we have a button of tolerably pure gold remaining. When gold is in the state of ore, or combined with the baser metals, excepting. silver, it must undergo the process of refining by the refiner's hearth. The alloy which contains the gold is wrapped up in sheet lead, and placed on the hearth of the furnace, and a very intense fire is allowed to play upon it. First the lead will melt, and, becoming an oxide, be converted into a vitreous state, when the baser metals will combine with it, leaVing the gold in the cupel in a pure state. The workman knows when this takes place, by the surface of the metal appearing quiescent, and of a greenish colour. When silver is alloyed with gold the mode of separation is that described in the previous lecture. That process is called planation. In modern times another mode is resorted to. The alloy containing silver is rolled into sheets, and placed in nitric acid. The nitric acid will dissolve the silver but rot the gold. The mode of reducing it from ore in the South Atnerican mines is, first to stamp it into a coarse powder, in stamping mills. The powder is then placed up on au inclined plane with ledges, covered with sheep skins, or some other fibrous material. A stream of water is permitted to flow upon this inclined plane, which carries away gradually the lighter portions of the ore. The particles of gold and other metals, being so much heavier than the matrix, are kept to gether by . the fibres of the s h ee p "skins; which have a remarkable tenacity in keeping these particles of gold. The particles are then beaten and washed out of the sheep skins, and they un dergo the process of amalgamation aad beating iu a cupel, as previously described. We may dissolve small portions of gold in liquid chlorine, but nitro-muriatie acid composed of two parts muriatic to one part of nitric acid will easily dissolve it in large quantities. All the other common metals, except platinum, are dissolved in nitric acid, threfore by this means we separate them from gold. The gold of commerce is never pure; in order to obtain it Co we must resort to this process, though, in the opinion of some che mists it cannot be procured chemically pure, unless it be fur ther separated from foreign substances by dissolution in sul phuric ether. We then have the heaviest known metal but one, dissolved in the lightest known fluid but one. By evaporating the ether we have perfectly pure gold. This etherial solution of gold was formerly employed in medicine, and supposed to be a panacea for all kinds of diseases, in fact it was considered equal to Morrison's pills. But it is no wonder, because the physician compelled the patient to furnish him with the gold to dissolve, a little of which probably was returned to the patient in the medicinal state. Our physicians, however, in these days manage matters much better;—they never profess to cure any patient by returning any portion of gold. We may gild steel articles by means of this solution. In this way the eyes of la dies' needles are gilded. Lancets, pen-knives, swords, and other bright steel instruments may, in this manner, be protected from the weather. Pure gold is too soft for our domestic purposes, and there tore it becomes necessary to alloy it with something to make it hard. Copper is chiefly used for this purpose, especially at the mint. In estimitirg the purity of gold the term carat is em ployed; every portion, of gold is supposed to be divided into twenty-four parts, and. each of these is called a carat; if the alloy contain eighteen parts gold and six alloy, it is called gold oitgtatiawn rarats fino_ C urgold enin is ugnally twanty.two ca rats fine. Now in Great Britain every article of gold and silver above a certain weig,ht . must be stamped, and in order to ascer tain whether it be of the required degree of fineness evesy arti cle sent to Goldsmiths' Hall undergoes the operation of assay ing. For this pnrpose minute portions of the article are de tached by means of a file, and the alloy is fused in a cupel, ac cording to the previously mentioned process, when the gold ob tained by this means free from the alloy •of copper is weighed and contrasted with the previous weight of the alloy. When gold is alloyed with silver the process of quartatiou must be re sorted to. In France the gold must be twenty carats fine, but in England gold of eighteen carats fine is considered standard. The French mode of assaying gold differs from that of the Eng lish. The manufacturer states the alloy. The article is then rubbed upon a touchstone, and the mark very accurately no ticed. The workman then rubs a needle composed of similar alloy upon the stone, and if the needle touch similarly to the article being assayed, and leave a similarly tinted mark the gold is considered standard. Such is the skill and dexterity which these workmen possess by their continual practice that they seldom err. The high duty paid at Goldsmiths' Hall on the various articles assayed there has induced many persons to commit singular frauds upon the public. A person . used to come regularly to the hall to have a pair of light gold watch cases assayed, until one day the assayer noticed a flaw in the cases similar to one which he had made in a similar pair as sayed previously and stamped. This led to suspicion, and it was found that the watch-case maker was in the habit of cutting the hall mark out of the case, and soldering it into other gold cases of inferior purity, The art of soldering gold is carried to such a degree of perfection that few ladies can tell where their wedding rings are soldered. The fraud was detected, and the man transported. The next metal we have to consider is silver. Like gold. this metal has been found in all parts of tha world, but chiefly in cold countries. The greatest quantities of it have been found in the high lands, or mountains in Mexico and Peru, which are considerably elevated above the level of the sea. The chief sources of it in Europe have been the cold countries of Bohe mia, Sweden, Norway, and Transylvania. We.have no silver mines in England, and yet with the exception of Hungary no European kingdom has produced so much silver. It is found in the galena or sulphuret of lead. The quantity, however, is not always sufficient to render it worth extracting. We have had such enormous quantities of silver found in early times in this galena, that some geographical writers have awned that silver mines formerly existed in England. It is said' that in the reign of Edward I. a mine in Devonshire yielded . 16001bs. year, and that another in Derbyshire was Si rich in it that 671bs. per ton were extracted from the lead ore. Sir Hugh de Middleton, of Cardigan, obtained an immense amount of silver from his lead mines (between 60 and 80 oz. from the ton) with the proceeds of which he was enabled to complete the .stupen dous undertaking of bringing the new river from Herefordshire to London, an enterprise which, though it ruined him, has been the fortune of many. The quantity of silver contained in the same specimen of ga lena often varies. The crown, formerly, could claim any mine in the kingdom, provided it contained as much gold or silver as was worth mobile separating- accordingly, an action was brought by the crown in a court of justice, in 1690, against the pro prietois of several mines, but the proprietors proved that the varying quantity of silver found in the ore would not repay the working of the mines, and gained a verdict. This right of the crown was given up in the reign of William and Mary; but, lo the present day, the crown has a prior right in the silver obtained in the kingdom at a rate above a market price of the ore. Silver is refined in the same manner as gold, and can be separated from lead by cupellation. Pure silver is the whitest and most lustrous of metals. It is obtained in the greatest quantity from the mines of Potosi, in Mexico. This mine was discovered by accident : an individual named, Diego Huelpa,• was hunting a llama on the mountain of Potosi, and, being in danger, caught hold of a shrub, which, yielding to his grasp, discovered to him a quantity of pure silver about its roots. He replaced the shrub; but, as he could not work this mine alone, he communicated his secret to a fellow workman. They worked it by night, and removed large quantities of silver; but, Huelpa's fellow-workman having revealed the secret in a fit of drunkenness, the mines were seized by The Crown, and became the royal property. From the commenceinent of the working of this mine to the present century, the quantity of silver obtained from these mines has exceeded three hundred millions of pounds, and within a few years of its discovery, although it existed in a barren mountain, a town was built near it which contained 10(1,000 inhabitants. This mine, it is said, is not by any means so productive as formerly. Silver, like gold, is little liable to alteration. It, however, combines very freely with the sulphur of the sulpburetted hy drogen, and tarnishes much more readily than gold. If it be exposed to a violent heat it will not burn, but it will boil; and if a gold vessel be held over the vapour of the boiling silver, it will be coated with a film of silver. Nitric acid is the best solvent for silver; but we may disiolve a minute portion of it in boiling sulphuric acid. Nitric acid mixed with one-half its weight of water will dissolve one-half its weight of silver. When the excess of acid and water is evaporated and the salt fused, it will communicate an indellible black to the skin, and is employed in dyeing various substances black. Gold commu nicates an indelible purple stain to the skin. Now silver is very extensively used in this state, in which it is chemically called nitrate of silver, but commonly lunar caustic. It is ern, pMoved as a caustic for the purpose of arresting the progress of loc;l inflamation. it is employed in the preparation of eye water, in the proportiou of one or two grains to an ounce of , water, in which state it is an invaluable lotion for weak eyes. It is likewise taken in cases of epilepsy, but it has th e singular property of staining the whole s, of of a deep slate colour, approaching to blackness, which nothing will remove. This article is likewise employed in the preparation of indelible - hi • is sold • nitrate of silver, i thickened with gum and coloured with Indian marking ink. Now this marking ink, is at such an enormous price, is nothing but a solution of nk. It is not considered sufficient by the druggist for his customer to buy marking ink, but he must buy a bottle of preparation at the same time. Now this preparation is merely a little pearlash and wafer• coloured red. In order to write wit it this, time linen the alkalin e li quor . It is or otl.ier material is to be dipped in then to be dried and rubbed over with a smooth tool, to give ft a smooth surface, and we then write upon it with a solution of the nitrate of silver, prepared as previously stated. We have also another use for nitrate of silver, iu a state of solution, and it is supposed there is almost as much of this sold as °fare marking ink, undertlifferent names, the most common of which is Tyrian dye. Now this Tyrian dye, which is mostly used for. the purpose of dyeing gentlemen's whiskers, is nothing inure than a solution of nitrate of silver; and it unfortnoately happens that, many gentlemen are not aware that it will communicate the .same beautiful jet black colour to the skin. Many indescrible ac cideuts have arisen front this circumstance. Oire of these came under Mr. Hemming's notice. A gentleman recently imported from the sister isle, attended a hair-dresser, and when the journeyman was perfurrniug his important office, enquired of him whether he had not some substance which would dis charge the colour of his fiery-red whiskers. He replied that he had, and procured it front his employer. His employer asked whether lie knew how to apply it, and was answered in the affirmative. This Mall was also a native of the sister isle. A little time afterwards the hair-dresser observed that the hands of his assistant were of a deep black, and upon enquiry, he ascer tained that the man had applied the dye with his hands to the gentleman's whiskers. I a short time the gentleman himself returned in a dreadful plight, his whiskers were, it is true, of a jet black, but as the man had touched his face as well as his whiskers with the dye, be presented a piebald appearance. He fiercely enquired what would remove the blackness,—the hair dresser answered that lie knew of nothing that would remove it, and there is only one manner of doing it, by means of patience and pumice stone. The gentleman threatened an action at law at the time, but his wreath subsided, as the skin wore away. However skilfully this dye, whether called Tyrian dye, or by any of its 20 Greek names, is applied it will only change the colour of the existing hair, and if not continually used, the roots are continually sprouting of the original red colour. The oxide of silver is employed as usefully as the Tyrian dye to communicate a red stain to glass. Immense quantities of this ichlss are coloured in this manner in London, and almost always for the purpose of ornamenting those splendid receptac l es o f vice, and disease, the London Gin Palaces, and of glazing the flaming lamps which they suspend over the door. To analyze silver a very simple process may be resorted to, when the ore or alloy containing it is dissolved in nitric acid, by adding a solution of chloride of sodium or common salt, the silver will be precipitated as chloride of silver. Now nitrate of silver is so exceedingly delicate a test fo r th e p resence o f salt, that if a finger be - dipped into a. solution of it a white precipitate will be formed arouNl the finger. This arises from the perspiration from the skin containing a small portion of common salt. We must use some precaution in testing silver with chloride of sodium, because a leaden solution will present the saute appearance, but if we add nitric acid to the solution, it will be dissolved, which will,not be the case with chloride of silver. Liquid ammonia will, however, dissolve it. As a col lateral test we may apply the solution of the chromate of potass which will give us a very beautiful crimson precipitate, and as a collateral test for the presence of gold, we may apply a.solu tion of. the pretomuriate of tin, which gives a purple precipitate called the purple powder of Cassius, which is .used in commu nicating a purple colour to glass. Silver, like gold, is too soft to be generally us ed by it se lf, it is therefore alloyed. The standard alloy of Great Britain_ is 12 1-3 silver, and 1 copper, for domestic artistes, but the alloy of coin is 11 6z 2 dwt. 'of silver; aaail.lB._ d.vvt._ copper, o.it of which 66 shillings are fabricated. The process or issa)i , g silver is like that of gold by cupellation. Nnineious articles are gilt or silvered to protect them from the atmosphere, or give them a inure beautiful ' appearance. The general mode of gilding brass is by way of amalgamation. All articles of brass, as the interior works of watches, are covered with a solution of nitrate of mercury, after which they are immersed in a solution of gold, which forms an amalgam with the mercury, and the mercury is driven off by heat. Silvering is usually performed upon copper. Our Birmingham and Sheffield artists perform this operation better than any others in the world. An ingot of copper of considerable thickness is soldered to a thin sheet of silver, the two metals are then passed through rolling mills, until they are so thin that a single ounce of silver is spread over three square feet of copper. The f.ice of clocks and barometers are silvered by tneuns of silvering powder. To make this powder the silver is first dissolved in nitric acid, and precipitated by a slip of copper. We then wash this silver precipitate with ammonia, in order to separate the copper. If this silver powder be mixed with an equal weight of common salt, cream of tartar, and alum, and rubbed upon a copper article we shall have a perfect coating of silver upon it. To-morrow evening Mr. Hemming will continue the subject of metallurgy. SIR ROBERT PEEL. (From the York Chronicle.) • Many influential Conservative gentlemen in this city and neighbourhood having expressed a great desire that Sir Robert Peel should dine in York, on his way to or from Glasgow, our excellent representative, Mr. Lowther, was requested to sound Sir Robert, prior to the invitat►on being sent; and the following correspondence has taken place between Mr. Lowther and the right hon. baronet. We much regret Sir Robert Peel's deter ►uination ; but on a consideration of all the circumstances, we cannot find fault with the resolution be seems to have laid down for the rule of his conduct:— " 32, Grosvenor-square, Nov. 30, 1836. '• My dear Sir Robert,—l reacived a letter this day, from a friend in York, stating that a very strong feeling of anxiety prevailed amongst the gentlemen of the city and neighbourhood, that you would give them the honour of your company to a public entertainment. " In the anticipation of your intended visit to Glasgow, they are desirous to testify their deep sense of your services, and the high estimation in which your principles and public conduct are held amongst them. " I have ventured privately to convey this information to you; and should it suit your arrangements to confer upon the noblemen and gentlemon of the neighbourhood so great a favour, the ex pression of their wishes would be declarec, without delay. " I am, dear Sir Robert, • " Yours very faithfully, " Sir Robert Peel." " J. H. LOWTHER. " Drayton Manor, Fazeley, Dec. let, 1836. "My dear Sir.—l am very much flattered by the intimation conveyed in vour letter -of yesterday, and estimate most highly the proposal of any mark of public respect from the city of York, " I greatly regret, however, that it will be wholly out of my power to make such arrangements as should enable me to have the grcat honour of accertug u,s• invitation to a public dinner in that city. " The ceremonies at Glasgow qui not to take place until towards the middle of January, and it is announced on autho rity that parliament is to meet on the 3lst of that month. I shall be compelled to make 'as expeditious a journey as I can to Glasgow, and on my return, and have on this account made my reluctant excuses in reply to one or two other propo sals of a similar nature to that which you have conveyed to me in such kind and flattering terms. " Believe me, my dear Sir, " Most faithfully yours, " J. H. Lowther, Esq. " ROi3ERT PEEL." THE LONDON UNIVERSITY CHARTERED. (From the Standard.) The charter for a Metropolitan University has been at length made public. It is directed to the Earl of Burlington, as Chan cellor, Mr. Lubbock, us Vice Chancellor, and 36 or 37 other persons of various tanks and occupations, practising barristers, and practising physicians, a Master iu Chancery, and a Captain in the Royal Navy, Members of Parliament, and Fellows of the Royal Society, the Surgeon-General in Ireland, Lord Brougham, two Whig Bishops, and half a dozen unknown private gentle men. These are to constitute the corpus of the University, and any six of them are to confer degrees upon their own exami nation by persons whom they shall appoint. The single quali fication discoverable in the Fellows of the new establishment is, that they are all Whigs,--and this is natural enough; for it ap pears by the terms of the charter, that the University is to be a mere appendage to the Treasury, by which its members are to be appointed, and to which its accounts are to be annually sub mitted, and just now the Whigs are in possession of the Tree . suri. . . If any one ever entertained a jealousy of this new-fangled establishment, a glance at the charter must be quite sufficient to remove that unpleasant feeling. This charter distinguishes the incorporated body from every thing bearing the name of a university that ever existed. Its degrees afford no test of learning—no proof of religious education—no evidence of moral life and conversation. Its degrees afford no test of learning, because the fellows and governors of the university are men submitted at no time t o an y lit erar y examination. Instead of working their way upwards as in universities heretofore consti tuted, they ascend the academic throne by the "royal road" of a home secretary's appointment; and, as all know there is no royal road" to science or learning. Its degrees afford no proof of religious education, religion being advisedly excluded from the cognisance of chancellor, vice-chanee;lor, and fellows. Its degrees afford no evidence of moral life or conversation, the degrees being demandable upon mere literary examination and residence, and that superinteudence to insure which residence is designed in all other universities being from the nature of the case impossible. Such an university may confer degrees in sciences and in arts—happily it is not yet presumed to give the poWer of con ferring degrees in divinity to Lord John Russell's n o winees-4 such a university, we say, may confer its mock degrees in law, medicine, and arts; - but, after that the graduates of the legiti mate universities shall have-adopted the practice of distinguish ing, their literary titles by the addition of the universities from which they have received them, nobody we suspect, will sub mit to the London brand, save in. obedience to the penal sentence of a court of justice. There is a ,provision made for admitting the King's College scholars to theSe degrees —a provision, we are sure, of which that institution will scorn ns avail itself. No; we have pointed out the only use of the new university—a substitute for the exploded pillory. The university is permitted by charter to take as much money and chattel property as it can lay hold of and to purchase f. 10,000 a-year real property in mortmain—a sornewl.at mu necessary license, when, to the. ninth and tenth year of the concern's existence, its shares are at about 76 per cent. discount. We rejoice, however, that the thing.has been done. The whigs owe to their country same permanent memorial of their wickedness and folly, and this is a most significant monument, seasonably erected just before their tall. ECCENTRIC CH•RACTER. — Few have perhaps heard of the passion of ~e cc entric John Stone, f o r th e l ate pr i ncess royal V a of England, i;re therefore present the m w ith t h e f o ll ow i ng lu dicrous decl ition of it in a genuine letter, which was written by him to a great personage :—"'l'o our gracious Queen Char lotte, mistress of Great Britain and its appendages.—Madam, when I tell you that I am in a state of mental distraction, occa sioned by the peculiar excellencies of your eldest daughter, I hope you will pardon this presumption. Happy should Ibe if m y birth and circumstances could entitle me, legally, and ac cording to the satisfactions of prudence, to demand the illustri ous object of my passion ; hut as we are not responsible for our coming into the world, whatever we may be for own actions after that entrance, you must not blame me for being a branch of the first hou se i n c h r i stendom. T o come t ome point. I have seen the princess royal; and must assure you, that the brilliancy of her beauties in the assemblage surpasses even the honours of her situations. Though matrimony, in the present day, accord ing to the ideas of Hudibias, is made a mere matter of money, I reject so mean an idea ; my affections are rivetted to the ob ject of my desires, independent of the advantages that may be presumed to be attached to her exaltation. It is true that my estates,' at present, are somewhat encumbered. ..But what of that ? The purity of my desires will operate as an antidote agait,st the evils of piiverty. I leave it your own discretion to mention the affair to his majesty ; if you approve of the measure, I can have no objection. There is an old saying, that marriages are made in heaven ; so, if this takes place, your majesty knows that.the whole affair must be placed to the account of the Omni potent and not to the frail desires of a weak individual. Should Hymen illumine my being with his torch of connubial splen dour, I flatter myself that we may live a very happy couple. In expectation of your majesty's speedy answer, ',remain, with the most perfect veneration, your much. obliged, most dutiful , and devoted subject and servant, J OHN STONE.—AUgU suc 7 il, 1, .1787.—P.5. My dutiful and and respectful compliments. bave the t o hi s majesty and all th e r o y a l f am ily. I h o pe soon to .. d hon our of approachin g yo u i n a l ess equivocal charactec LATEST COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Larva Freights to Exchatr# dates. lingland, de. . .I , :lwland. Bombay 26th Aug..£4 55 to £4 10s t0n . ..2s 14,14p' rupee Shipping abundant. Calcutta-- 9th Aug..JG Os to £7 lOs V' ton.. PrOthice abundant, and shipping scarce.. China 4th July... 4s 90 ' dollar. No freight offering:. Singapore l3th Aug..E.3 15s to £5 lOsclt ) ton..4s 6d 4y dollar. Very light frpight has paid £7 to £7 10s.; • only one (vessel loading for England. Rio Janeiro.2Uth 0ct...E2 15s to .£3 ton..3s lid -to 3s 20 m i I rea. Bahia 3d Nov... A'd per lb. 25d.and . 351.1.41Y inilrea, N.Orleans 21th N ov ..gd p er lb. • , io.ty cent. prem. Ships in good demand; seamen very scarce; ships are obliged to give 50 to 60 dollars per month fur the run hothe: Mobile. .24th Nov...,;id per lb. , lO IP' cent. prem. Mobile rivet very low, and the arrivals of cotton light in consequence. Savannah 25th N0v...11-16d to 3 ,id per lb. 8 cent.. prem., Charleston 26th N o v... d per lb. i 94 to 91 cf' cent. prem. American vessels refu,e id. per lb. freiirht. New York lst Dec..— %d to 7-16 - d per lb. 9 3 4 IJ9' cent. prem, [We intend to all pply the latest information from a number of other ports, but fur the present we are unable to furnish any fur ther particulars, our arrangements being incomplete.—E.LS.] CURIOUS NARRATIVE OF 31R EDWARD WALPOLE AND THK POSTMASTER OF DARLINGTON'S DAUGHTER. About the year 1738, Edward Walpole, son of the celebrated Sir Robert, who was then prime minister to George the Second, fixed his affections upon a young female named Clement, whose father kept the post-office at Darlington, with a salary of only £5O per annum. This man, having a large family to support, placed his daughter as an apprentice,rith a Mrs. Rennie, a milliner in London, *here Mr. Walporr had frequent opportu nities of seeing her. As her parents, from their poverty, could supply her but very scantily with clothes or money, Mr. Wal pole observed her wants, and had the address to make her some presents in a way not ,to alarm the vigilance of her mis tress, who exacted the strictest morality from the young per sons under her care. Miss Clement was beautiful as atfangel, with good, though uncultivated parts. Mrs. Rennie had begun to suspect that a connection was forming, w hick would not be to the honour of her apprentice She apprised Mr. C. of her suspicions, who immediately came up to t own t o carry h er out o f t h e vor , • tex tit tempoipn.., The good old man me t his,daughter with tears; he told her lila suspicion!! ; and that he should carry her home, where, by living with sobriety and prudence. she might chance to be married to some decent tradesman. The girl, in appearance, acquiesced, but while - her father and mistress were discoursing in a little dark parlour behind the shop, the object of their cares slipped -out, and withdut hat or cloak ran directly through Pall-mall to Sir Edward's houee at the top of it (that lately inhabited by Mrs. Keppel) where, the porter knowing her, she was admitted, although his master was absent. She went into the parlour, where the table was covered for - dinner, and impatiently waited his return. The moment came; Sir Edward.euterea, and was heard to exclaim with great joy, " Yon he'!", What explanatiook place w ere . of course in private; but the fair fu g iti ve s at d own th a t da y at the'head of his table, and never after left it. 'l'he fruits of this connection were the late Mrs. Keppel; Maria, late Duchess of Gloucester, the second : Lady Dysart, the third; and Colonel Walpole, the fourth ; in the birth of whom, or soon after, the mother died. Never could fondness exceed that which Sir Edward always cherished for the mother of - his children; nor was it confined to her or them only, but extended itself to her relations, for ,all of whom he sonic 'way or other provided. Hisgrief'at his loss was proportioned to his affection. , Ile constantly declined all overtures of marriage, and gave up his life to the education of his children. He had often been prompted to unite himself tri Miss Clement by legal ties; but the threats of his father, Sic Robert, prevented his marriage; who vowed, that if he married Miss Clement, he would not only deprive him of political in terest, but exert it against him. It was,. however, always said; by those who had' access to know, that had Miss Clement sur vived Sir Robert, she would then have been Lady Walpole. In the year 1758, his eldest daughter, Laura, became the wife of the Hon. Frederick Keppel, brother to the Ear! of Albe marle, and afterwards Bishop of Exeter. The Miss Walpole: now took a .rank in society-in which they had never before moved. The sisters of the Earl of Albemarle were their con stant companions, and introduced them to people of quality and fashion; they constantly appeared at the first routes and balls;, and, in a word, were received every were but at court. The stigma attending their birth shut them out: from the drawing-. room, till marriage (as in the case of Mrs:Koppel) had covered the defect, and g i ven th e r a n k o f another. family. No one watched their progress upwards with more anxiety than the, Earl of Walde g r ave . Th is no bl eman ( one o f th e prou d es t i n the kingdom) had long cherished a passion for Maria. The struggle between his passion and his pride was not a short onei and having conquered his own difficulties, it now only remained to attack the lady's, who had prepo ssess i ons , and o nly Walde: grave, though not young, was not disagreeable. Her very amiable conduct through the whole life of }ter lord, added re spect and esteem to the wannest admiration. About five yeari after marriage, the small-pox attacked his lordship, and proved fatal. His lady found herself a young widow, and inconsola ble ! Had Lord Waldegrave possessed every advantage of youth and beauty, his death could not have been more sincerely regretted by his amiable relict. At length she emerged again into the world, and love and admiration every where followed her. She refused many offers; amongst others the Duke of Portland letully proclaimed his discontent at her refusal. But the daughter of Mary Clement was destined to royalty. The Duke of Gloucester was not to be resisted ! and two children, a prince and a princess, were the fruits.of.their marriage; and hence it is within the bounds of probability that the descendants of the postmaster of Darlington may one day sway the British sceptre. AMERICAN Wrr..—Ladies' tight sleeves are getting into vogue again in Philadelphia. The Herald says that sonic of the sleeves are made so tight as to prevent the ladies from laughing in them!—A lady in the neighbouring state, of the name of Fortune, presented her husband with three flue daughters— clearly proving the old adage, that " Mi.-fortunes never come sinely.' PASSION FOR GIN.—OF the shifts and expedients to which gin -drinkers sometimes resort to — pro Cure -the ratans of purcbas ing " blue ruin," when all their other means are exhausted, — some are as extraordinary in the conception, as they must be painful in the execution. It. was proved before the late selec committee appointed by the House of Commons to enquire int the extent of drunkenness in the metropolis, that one woman. residing in Drury-lane, after she had disposed of every article of clothing on her back, and every article of furniture she had in the house, to enable ,her to indulge in ber.gin-drinking pro pensities,—actually went to a dentist, and allowed him to ex tract, at-different times, every tooth she had in her head—and she had a very fine set—on getting fourpenco for each ! —The Great Metropolis. THE PRESTON SPINNERS' DISPUTE.—The latest information from Preston leaves the matter in dispute as heretofore. A mediation committee has been formed, and they waited on the borough council on Thursday. .From the present postur e o f affairs, and the activity which prevails in this district to procute the sinews of war, there are hut little hopes of a speedy termina tion of this unfortunate struggle.—Bolton Chronicle. A tee-totaler of the name of Livesay gave a lecture on total abstinence, at the Quaker's meeting-house, on Friday evening. He was several times interrupted by a tailor named James, who, at the conclusion of the lecture, came forward and addressed the meeting ou the folly of the eloctrings put forth by the lecturer. He said that a crusade might as reasonably be preached against all of God's blessings conferred on man, for there was not one. that was free from the grossest abuse,-and quoted many passages. from the Old and New Testament in favour of wine, and also from moralists amongst the ancients' and moderns in favour of its use ; at the time he condemned its Awe. The tailor was replied to by Mr. T. Beaumont, who was in the chair, but the disturbance was so great that he could not be heard, and the meeting dispersed amidst 'groaning, hooting, and hissing.— Halifar Express. NEW CURE FOR THE TOOTH-ACHE.—II is with great plea sure that we announce to our renders that we are in possession of one of the greatest desiderata in the_ Whole materia mediae. We do not speak unadvisedly. for we. have tried it upon our own masticators and those of our family, and some of hal. dozes friends, and we are therefore, enabled to speak with con fidence soil safety. The recipe is .as fo'lows :—Take a lump of unslaked lime, about the size of a ,hickory out, and dissolve or the application as often as slack it in two-thirds or three-quarteri of .tumbler of water. !m) and refuses to yield, the Hold the lime-water in the mouth, contiguous to the aching tooth, and certain relief will ensue. • We never knew it to fail. st rnnger.—New York Even ay o fi cd e cure, uniil viz.—" Fill your it l ih f me t hepeawtranetlei returns. e r f n i i s o b t e j p mfn e ta r l i di n e a tt n i tih e ti n ne k t lies r re e ta p un e l a d, I n n a t h h o in ld g ifir t er t t h h c e it boils!" A MELANCHOLY CASK —On , T . uesday last a person from. m ing oti P th os w t. ith f' w r a h t i e s rf s ti Bristol, deputed by the "Union" autlinrities of that city, visited Monmouth,having in his charge a womau of the name of kdwards,. a lunatic, whom he brought under the folloWing circomstances: —lt appeared that tkis ill-fated woman hail lived at Petntridges Castle, near Monmouth, with her hustand, *ha was then.(aliout eight years ago) in very prosperous circuniStances; but, nnhap- • site left the paths of virtue, and deserted her home with a fellow in their employmeht as waggoner. Subsecptentiv her hss, band, who was dotingly fond of her, took het forgivingly to his home and affections, and they lived together some time. Again, however, this frail and ungraleful creature forfeited her hus band's confidence and blasted his hopes by cohabiting with ano, ther man, with whom she went to 'America.. Having lived there about three years her paramour .re-shipped-. her for England, and she 'landed in Bristel• a fe:w days since, whence she was brought to Monmouth to proceed to her hnsband's residence at. White Castle, who, by sortie arrangement or ether, will be com pelled to support one who has twice deserted him, most cons siderably reduced !limits circuntstatices, amid almost broken his heart, : now a helpless lun at ic. —Chesser Gdzetie. BIOGRAPHICAL BEADING.—There cannot be too much care on the part of parents and tutors, to instil just rules of morality into the minds of their young pupils. Many , a youth has em braced a profession for which he his been both mentally and physically unfit, through the false excitement caused by his biographical inis-reading. Well selected; and read under the careful inspection of a colnpetent mind, hingraphy is invaluable as a mean by welch to form a young mind; but where biography is loosely written. and loosely read, we searcelY know any thing so dangerous. The indiscriminate praise which biographers lavish upon this or that virtue is verb apt to cause too exclusive attention to it; and thus one youth may he worked by degreei into aferocious temper and a love of tyrannizing ; while another will he imbued with a pseudo-humanity and silly effeminacy, which cannot fail to render him in utter life unhappy as well as ridiculous.—Guide to Knowletlye. • CREOULIrY.—On Saturday, a young woman of rather dash ing oppearanee, was observed by the sestet . ' of St. Mary's, Blackburn, t o stroll about the clitirch yard in rather a susi3jstous manner. This induced hint to set his tow to watch her ria.ive tnents, which he did very carefully. After she had walk e d about for some time, she was been to.turn op a part of the ground with her foot, afterwards to trample it down c arefully, and de liberately march away. t o ok sexton then examination, proved a spade and speedily discovered- sOmething, w hich, on ex to be a hare's heart. p i er c e d with 3uo pins. In Lancashi re . an d indeed in all the northern counties, t here exists amongst the common people a curiou s tradition, that , when a y oung man wantonly and capricious ly ab a ndons sweetheart for soo th er, the forsaken girl. has the foaowing means of revenge. She procures a heart, sticks- it as full of pins as s h e poss ibl y can, And buries it in a c linrchyard, when, as the heart withers and young man will pine, waste aw ay, rlecays t so theand eventually die. The sweet hope of revenge was the cause of the attpear ance of the fueforsaken in thechutchl ard.- —l36kbain Stand ard. BALLOONING IN AMENICA.—We wish to lecuid the remark. able fact. that Mr. Lauriat emeted a- current of air excessively warm, after rising 2,1)00 feet, and _was so 'uncomfortably heated as to be inclined to relievellimsellby partially undressing. The highiait altitude was nearly 7,ooofeet. He dirped two or.three times in the East 'Rivet when de.%eessding, and rose again I.OW feet, after which he landed : at New liinneile, East Chester.— Statoililander.. • •