The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-06-13 00:00:00

Win Jane 13, IS4B, SECOND EDITION. Standard-office, Two o'clock, p.m. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET.—THis DAY. The aspect of the Share Market was made somewhat brighter this morning by the good prices from London, still the near ness of pay day prevented any great amount of business being done. The following were the quotations made :—Cheshire Junctions, 146/3 dis. East Lancashire, 3/9 pm. Bolton and Bury, 14 dis. West Ridings, 35/8 dis. London 4-Shares, 23/9 Ppl. Sheffield Preference, par * dis. Great Grimsby £2O, Si dis. ; i-Shareg, 103/9 dis. Midland, 101 1011 ; -Shares, 61 dis. North Staffords, 21 dis. North Union A, 201. Plovers, old, ; N 0.2, 101 dis. ; No. 3, 91 e is. ; No. 4, 58/9 dis. New Berwicks, i pin. Newcastle Preference, 1} pm. LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE-THIS DAY. Although we have to note since Friday, some further arrivals into this port of Grain, Flour, and Oatmeal, the receipts coast- Wise and from Ireland are but limited ; and beyond about 5052 quarters of Wheat from Europe, and 6350 quarters of Beans from Egypt, we have little fresh in from abroad, the import of Indian Corn, during the week, being merely 4803 quarters. In the course of last week the prices of Wheat in most of the English and Irish markets were rather lower, but the Liver- Pool market to-day having made a stand, the prices of this day Week are maintained, with a fair business at these rates. Flour steady in value, and little upon the market. Barley and Malt are stationary in value, without much busi ness doing to-day. Beans and Pease is. per quarter lower. _Oats and Oatmeal a little easier to purchase, and the latter 6d. per load cheaper. In Indian Corn and Meal only a moderate business was done at an advance of is. per qr. on the former, and Is. per barrel on the latter, on the rates of this day week. I bz IIV '''..i2 "" tsti :.• : : .. : : • • b 3 00 .. . 8 :8 : : t 5 i s ii ., ,. .. • • . . . . . . : : —, :: : : 5, i 0 ',7, - • • • . • • • 4- • • • • v- v m ^, •- • • • • • • - • • 8: : t. •• • - -“.. Fa re • • • • • • • • G. 5,., l A N is ,t 2 : : a l 0 : : : : :, c. • • .0 to• • • • ~.., • : ~-..-, 0. c,,• •• CO C 63 • • • • 0 ? in' . ca o ..N 88 :: : : :: : : : : lto :: • • • 00 ... . ... . . • iril • coo tz • .Ir. -. W 4 • cr) •cm • • • • OeD • © 1 CT • oi• ll • C.n •CT • • • : . 2 ~... •. I 0 00 . 8 c.n541. o• 0" • ia - .ti . . fit.: gag •• • • • Cr. •• . : c ;1 ig . . . . • p BiS a EM . . . . . . • . • • • : : : : ... : : :: : : : : •-, % ~2, t... 1. • • :: : ....1 :. . . , ta. FL 3 7,21 1 C C. .1 • rZ, I • 0 2 5 .'1: ._ a 1 1:::-. 8 I 5. oT: Zi • I IN Co 3 . • 1 0 Etttrature. NOTICES. Remarks illustrative of the inhalation and use of Chlo roform and Ether. By Hugh Neill, Esq. At the conclusion of Mr. Neill's excellent contribution to medical science, entitlea " Cure of the Cataract,"—a work which we had the pleasure of noticing on a former occasion—there is a compendious article on the history, inhalation, and use of tether and chloroform. Speaking of the discovery of the wonderful properties of tether vapour in the operative department of surgery, Mr. Neill claims to be the pioneer who first suggested its use in a work published in the year 1840. He says :—" As I have put in some claim as an humble pioneer towards its — (tether-vapour)—complete discovery—a discovery which unquestionably took place in America—l will state on what grounds 1 rest my title to be considered as having aided that consummation. Eight years ago, I published a work o the ear ; and in 1841 the same work was pub lished ir. New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. I have a regular diagram of an apparatus for the administration of tether by the eustachian tubes (air-passages from the throat) for the cure of some forms of deafness, a nd for the relief of painful affections of the inner ear, oy the induction of tether-vapour. Well, from Boston, in 1846, we have a reflex importation, (matured certainly to a climax, entitling the party to the just credit of a complete and triumphant discovery,) to the effect that tether vapour will not only soothe pain, but produce complete insensibility to pain." Having thus established his claim to be considered a pioneer in this great and pre-eminently useful discovery, Mr. Neill proceeds to give an account of the completion of the discovery by Mr. Horace Wells, a dentist of Hartford, in the State of Connecticut. From this topic our author proceeds to the discussion of the more important discovery of chloroform as an , esthetic agent, by Dr. Simpson, of Edinburgh, to whom, he contends, that it was suggested, as chloric tether, by Mr. Waldie, of Liverpool, whose essay on chloroform, read at the Literary and Philosophical Society, in Novem ber, 1847, he considers the best which has yet been pro paced on the subject, This agent was first medically used in Liverpool, where indeed in the form of a spirituous so lution it has been more known than in any other part of the kingdom, and from which the knowledge of its medi cinal properties has extended. As to the use of chloro form in alleviating the sufferings of human nature, Mr. Neill adds testimony to the opinions of those eminent men who have already pronounced in its favour, whilst at the same time he warns the unskilled against tampering with an agent so powerful in its effects. On this subject he speaks out boldly and plainly, so as to guard against the detrimental effects of its abuse. "In proper hands," he truly observes, " what boons to suffering humanity in countless forms of pain and sorrow are not chloroform and tether. They truly are so when administered as I have devoted considerable space to indicate. Candour also re quires the dangers apt to result from their abuse or im proper exhibition, to be pointed out, as well as their over whelming and predominating advantages. Such dangers by abuses in rash hands, only prove that, " Fools rush in where angels fear to tread." Mr. N. then proceeds to the consideration and refuta tion of the various objections to the use of these agents as well by the non-progressive medical men as by a few of the religious fanatics of the present enlightened age, and concludes the article by an ingenious argument to prove that the effects of tether actually realize the mar vellous virtues " ascribed to ancient shells, draughts, and wonder working drugs, which have exercised the pens of the greatest poets of all time from Homer downwards." We regret that our space forbids us from entering more fully into this ingenious disquisition, which displays great talent and research, as does the entire book. Mr. Neill deserves the thanks of the public as well as of the pro fession, to whom his contributions must prove of infinite value. VARIETIES. " Make way here," said a member of a republican de putation, " we are the representatives of the people." Make way yourself," shouted a sturdy fellow from the throng, " we are the people themselves." To calculate the speed at which you are travelling on a telegraphed railway, multiply by two the number of telegraph posts you pass in a minute, by four those you Pass in half a minute, or by eight those you pass in a quarter of a minute ; and the result in each case will be the number of miles you are then travelling per hour— the posts being arranged thirty to a mile. Some idea may be formed of the present depressed state of affairs, from the startling fact, that on Thursday last Baron Rothschild could not get a bill done, although drawn by Lord John Russell.—Puppet Show. , A fellow having a spite at a sausage maker, rushed into his shop when crowded with customers, threw a large dead cat on the counter, said, " This makes nineteen; we'll set tle when you're not so busy," and made his exit. He was, of course, followed by the sausage amateurs empty handed. EQUIVOCAL POLITENESS.—A man out west, whose unuse was recently destroyed by fire, published a card, in Which he thanked his fellow-citizens for making an un successful attempt to save his furniture, and expresses a hope that he will soon have an opportunity to reciprocate the favour.—American paper. FALSE IMPRESSIONS.— Make way ! make way, good people ! I'm exceedingly cramped for space !" This was the exclamation of a poor worm that had a whole field to 4i niself, and acres to spare, but he wished the impression t o go abroad that he was ten times as large as he seemed thine. There are many people in this world who act like pslor worm. MAN OF LARGE PROPERTY.—A learned Frenchman _ ra velling through England, on crossing Salisbury Plain, t usked w h at i t was. " Barren heath " was t h e rep l y. H e r epeated the question at various distances, and always re rived the same answer. On arranging his notes for the press he took occasion to exclaim against theevils of large farms, and cited, in support of his assertion, " a distrist of se veral miles all belonging to one individual, M. le ..,moron Heath, which was absolutely lying waste for want ~ cultivation, which would not be the case if M. le Baron m e Vi would divide it into small allotments ; but that his it'pracY and the law of primogeniture would not per-. DOWNFALL OF THE PAPACY.* The following extracts from the remarkable work of Mr. Fleming, to which we have before alluded, will show the correctness of his views of prophecies unfulfilled at the time he wrote (1701) : " If we may suppose that Antichrist began his reign in the year 606, the addition 1260 years of his duration, were they Julian or ordinary years, would lead us down to the year 1866, as the last period of the seven-headed monster. But seeing they are prophetical years only, we must cast away eighteen years, in order to bring them to the exact measure of time that the spirit of God designs in this book. And thus the final period of papal usurpations (supposing that he did indeed rise in the year 606) must conclude with the year 1848." Page 18. " For during the struggles of them (the Lombards) and the Exarchat, the Pope played his game so, that the em peror Phocas found it his interest to engage him to his party, by giving him the title of supreme and universal bishop. Therefore we may justly reckon that the papal head took its first rise from that remarkable year 606, when Phocas did in a manner devolve the goveriment of the West upon him, by giving him the title of universal bishop. From which period, if we date the 1260 years, they lead us down (as I said already) to the year 1866, which is 1848, according to prophetical calculation." Page 21. " I believe this account of Antichrists' rise will not be very acceptable to some, whose zeal for the pope's down fall has made them entertain hope of living to see that remarkable time ; which has made them invent plausible schemes to prove that this great enemy was seated in his regal dignity long before the year 606. But if a man will trace truth impartially, he will have reason to think, that the rise of this adversary could not be before that time. Nay, I must tell you, that I do not reckon the full rise of the pope to the headship of the empire to a later date. For though the pope got the title of universal bishop at that time, yet he was afterwards, for a long time, subject, in temporal concerns, to the emperors. And, therefore, 1 cannot reckon him to have been, in a proper and full sense, head of Rome, until he was so in a secular, as well as ecclesiastical sense. And this was not until the days of Pepin, by whose consent he was made a secular prince, and a great part of Italy given to him as Peter's patri mony. So that, as Boniface the third (and his successors), by assuming the title of universal bishop, was the fore runner of Antichrist, as Gregory the Great prophesied he would be, who should be known in the world by that proud title ; so, likewise, we may conclude that Anti christ was indeed come, when Paul the first became a temporal prince also. Phocas, therefore, did only pro claim the Pope to be the last head of Rome, in the apoca lyptical sense ; but it was Pepin who gave him the solemn investiture, and seated him on his throne, which Charle magne did afterwards confirm to him. Now, as near as I can trace the time of this donation of Pepin, it was in or about the year 758, about the time that pope Paul the first began to build the church of St. Peter and St. Paul. Now, if we make this the era of the papal kingdom, the 1260 years will not run out before the year 2018, according to the computation of Julian years ; but, reducing these to prophetical ones, the expiration of the papal kingdom ends exactly in the year 2000, according to our vulgar reckon ing." Page 23. " The fourth vial comes now to be considered. And this is poured out upon the sun of the papal kingdom (verse 8), so that the effect of it is, men's being scorched or burned with fire.... The chief thing to be taken notice of here, is that the sun and other luminaries of heaven, are the emblems of princes and kingdoms. as we took notice before. Therefore, the pouring out of this vial on the sun must denote the humiliation of some eminent potentates of the Romish interest, whose influences and countenance cherish and support the papal cause. And these, therefore, must be principally understood of the houses of Austria and Bourbon, though not exclusively of other popish princes.... For I cannot but hope that some new mortification of the chief supporters of the papacy will then (1717) happen ; and perhaps the French monar chy may begin to be considerably humbled about that time ; that whereas the present French king takes the sun for his emblem, and this for his motto, Nec pluribus im par, he may at length, or rather his successors, and the monarchy itself (at least before the year 1794), be forced to acknowlege, that (in respect to neighbouring potentates) he is even Singulis impar." Pages 47-50. " The fifth vial (ver. 10, 11) which is to be poured out upon the seat of the beast, or the dominions that more immediately belong to and depend upon the Roman see ; that I say, this judgment will probably begin about the year 1794, and expire about A.D. 1848. So that the du ration of it, upon this supposition, will be for the space of fifty-four years. For Ido suppose, that seeing the pope received the title of supreme bishop no sooner than A. D. 606, he cannot be supposed to have any vial poured out upon his seat immediately (so as to ruin his authority as signally as this judgment must be supposed to do), until the year 1848, which is the date of the 1260 years, in pro phetical account, when they are reckoned from A. D. 606. But yet we are not to imagine that this vial will totally destroy the papacy (though it will exceedingly weaken it), for we find this still in being and alive, when the next vial is poured out." Page 56, * The Rise and Fall of Rome Papal, by the Rev. Robert Fleming: reprinted from the first edition in 1701; with notes, preface, and a memoir of the author. London : Houlston and Stonem Paternoster-row. LET FREE TRADE BE UNIVERSALLY APPLIED. (From Fraser's Magazine.) Our forefathers who framed the' celebrated Navigation Act, and those who, to maintain it, lost a world in the present United States, did not suppose that a mere mo ney advantage was to be derived from the restrictions which it imposed. They thought, that for the safety of England a mighty navy was needed, and that this could only be attained by means of native seamen, who re quired protection to be reared in the numbers requisite for our commercial and military marine. This last as sumption is now denied by the free-trade statesmen. They assert that our seamen would be as numerous, and consequently our navy as well supplied, by a mercantile marine unfettered. as by one subject to our present re strictions. They therefore demand an alteration of the whole system under which England has been governed since the time of Cromwell. We can well understand that this demand should startle those who have always believed that all our greatness as a people has in fact rested upon this system, as one of the chief foundations of a great and complicated structure. The old system of protection, however much decried, was not a narrow, partial, and incomplete one. The le gislature of this country, under the guidance of great and what were once deemed enlightened statesmen, steadily, consistently maintained its doctrines, and maintained its application to all parts of our extensive dominions. The whole ancient colonial system is only a part of this great scheme, which, daring, and as we believe uninstructed innovators, now seek to overthrow. The leaders in par liament have yielded to the demands made by angry, violent declaimers out of doors, and the nation is allow ing the ancient system to be overturned, without at all understanding what will really follow the new doctrines which govern our present commercial legislation. Our vast territories in North America produce timber as their chief article of traffic. To this timber we have afforded protection, though it be dearer than, and inferior to, the timber of the north of Europe. This protection has been afforded as a countervailing advantage to the restrictions imposed upon the foreign trade of those colonies. But this costly timber enhances the price of our ships, and renders competition with foreigners diffi cult, if not impossible. The advantages supposed to flow to the shipping interest from the restrictions imposed by the Navigation Act, are 'given to balance the evil created by the increased cost of production. The last and real sacrifice is made by the consumer of all sea-borne goods, in the higher price required for them ; and this sacrifice is made, or rather has been made, because of the political advantage which it was believed the nation derived from thus fostering her marine and maintaining her colonial system. So soon, however, as you change these laws, and throw open our shipping trade to foreign competi tion, they who are interested will say, and say justly, Free us at the same time from all the restrictions hitherto placed upon us in the buying of material. Let us buy also in the cheapest market ; let us obtain where we list our timber, and iron, and hemp, and flax. If this be conceded, then comes the Canadian, and he says, But I also require the same justice. My timber is now open to competition—let me buy in the cheapest market. I de sire to have my tea from the United States ; Massachu setts has cheap woollens and cottons at my very door, and there I must be permitted to buy. If I find all the world competing with me in the Thames, I must have all the world competing for me in the St. Lawrence. And who can say that such a request is not fair and reasora ble ? Has not the landed proprietor also a strong case against you, who have adopted a new doctrine only by halves, and do wholesale injustice with the show of won derful philanthropy ? You have determined to have free trade in corn, but you have not determined to give the English corn-grower fair play. To maintain the premises necessary for agricultural operations in a climate like ours, an enormous outlay of capital is necessary. The landlord is compelled to buy dear and bad Canadian tim ber, and this he did cheerfully, so long as he saw the system of protection fairly maintained—so long as he believed this to be a sacrifice made by him in support or a great scheme of national policy—a policy which had for its end the commercial independence, and internal strength, and greatness of the nation. But when he finds this system given up,—when he is told that common sense, and even common honesty, require that the con sumer of corn should be allowed to buy in the cheapest market, he very naturally bethinks himself of his own condition, his own wants, his own expenditure ; and he says, If this be the true doctrine, if our forefathers were really in error, and the old connected system of reciprocal protection be a fallacy, let me also benefit by the newly discovered theory. My barns want repair; of my farm houses, some need to be rebuilt, some to be repaired ; my extensive farm-buildings are all in the same state, and I shall endeavour to find the cheapest market in which to procure the necessary materials. Wo are told, every day, to make in agriculture a scientific application of capital and labour ; but for this end costly machinery is needed. I must speak to the manufacturer of these, and ascertain whether all his raw material is also obtained in the cheapest market. Formerly, indeed, I used to think of our colonies and our colonial system, our navy, and the protection of our shipping trade; but now that all these things are exploded fallacies, I must endeavour to get everything as cheaply as I can, looking to no other matter, thinking of nothing beside. In this argumentation we can detect no flaw; and how Sir Robert Peel, or any body else, could refuse the re quest made by the landed interest for a real, in place of a sham, free-trade, is what we cannot understand. When Lord John Russell left his legacy of mischief, when he shot his Parthian arrow in his flight of 1842, did he contemplate all these consequences of that most disingenuous proceeding ? But the mischief he left in embryo has come forth a giant—it is daily waxing greater. The whole system of our ancient policy has received its death-blow ; and if disaster follow, let mankind remem ber for what ends, and by what ends, that deadly blow was aimed. In the meantime, it is our duty to prepare ourselves to act in the novel circumstances of our altered condition. It is unmanly, - it is unwise, to keep our eyes fixed upon the past, indulging at the same-time in useless , regrets. Whatever of sorrow we may feel, despair need not enter our hearts. We are still the same great people which has spread its fame, its language, and its power, over the globe. The same bold spirit which created a mighty nation in the West, and acquired an- empire of almcgt fabulous extent in the East—which now, amidst the Wurly-burly of the world in arms, and whilst thrones are falling and nations are convulsed, enables us in peace, and with a calm dignity, to pursue our steady course ; that same spirit will bear us through all the trials of the coming time. SPEECHES V. REPORTS.—The incompleteness of the report of the speeches at any public dinner is an inevitable consequence of the disproportion between the fluency of gentlemen after dinner and the limits of a sheet of paper ; besides which, many a speech which tells well for a dinner party cannot be reported so as to produce an adequate effect upon those who become acquainted with it only by the eye. One of Burke's magnificent ora tions—as it was considered when it appearedin print— cleared the House of Commons ; and there are gentlemen whose oratory would make the glasses in the London Tavern jingle with delight, but who, if they were reported at full length, would get the reputation of being very prosy speakers.—The Times, CUSTOMS. AND CREDULITY IN SERVIA. — A peculiar social institution of the Servians is that of " the brother hood." Persons unite with one another in the name of God and St. John, and are thenceforth known as " Brothers in God"—" Brothers by Choice." This cus tom prevails with the young of both sexes. On certain festivals they assemble to deck the graves of their rela tive : they then weave garlands, and kissing through these garlands, youth with youth, and maiden with maiden, make their choice. The following year on the same occasion they either confirm this choice for life or make a new one. Marriage is a matter of interest rather than affection, and is managed by the fathers of the parties by an interchange of presents. The bride is betrothed for a year before her marriage; and at her betrotthal, amongst other cere monies, has her mouth sealed with sugar, to denote that she should utter little and only what is good. The reli gious festivals of the Servians are marked by mythical rites, " indicating the mysterious relation in which man stands to nature." Thus, whilst each season is held as commemorative of the great events of the Christian faith, many ceremonies are added, expressive of the Paganism which gives an idolatrous form of worship to the very ob jects by which the ideas of natural religion are attained. These ceremonies result also from the poetical supersti tions peculiar to a primitive and uncultivated people, con versant from their very locality with the various phases of mountain scenery, and from the close acquaintance of a nomade life with the phenomena of nature. The Servians firmly believe in the existence of the vampire. This faith arises out of an idea, generally held in the Greek Church, that the bodies of those who die excommunicated are im mediately after death possessed by evil spirits who appear in lonely places, and in these forms murder men. The Servians believe that the vampire leaves his grave at night, enters the dwellings of the living, and sucks the blood of the sleeping. Speedy death follows this frightful visitation, and the victim becomes in his turn a vampire too. It is asserted that, by these nocturnal visitations, whole villages have been destroyed. There is nothing in credible which has not been testified "by affidavit." Our readers will therefore not be surprised to learn that two official reports, asserting the existence of these vampires, were forwarded to Belgrade in the years 1725 and 1732.-- Church of England Quarterly. THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN SHOULD NOT BE PRE MATURELY FORCED.—There is no lesson so valuable, so needful to the physical strength, to the bodily health, or even to the chances of intellectual power in the after life, as this—that intellectual education should be left, during the earlier years, to the natural efforts and investigations of the child himself, and should not be aided by parents or teachers, or promoted by books and lessons, until long after the time when it is commonly thought to be neces sary or adviseable to commence the business of instruc tion. In very delicate children, I should be glad to see the age of twelve or even fourteen years passed, before this great means of expending the vital forces, and ab stracting from the chances of ultimate health and strength, should be called into operation ; in other children, the ages of six, eight, or ten years, may be the earliest periods at which children or corresponding strength of constitu tion. should begin to be, so called, educated. The amount of information, the degree of intellectual exercise, the value of the knowledge obtainable, and the fact that the child has everything to learn, are all undervalued ; or more importance would be assigned to the effect of the ac quisitions, which may or must be made by a child, in every department of useful information, by the single aid of his own observation and intelligence ; and less paramount rank and value would be assigned to the acquisition of the arts of reading and writing, of languages, &c. These are only auxiliary means to the primary exercise of observation and reflection, on the objects, circumstances, and events of the life,—to the intellectual result of receiving, digest ing, and assimilating the ideas which may be derived from without, whether men or events, or books, be the source from which they are directly imparted. The child who is passing his early years in the midst of an educated family, living in a civilised community, observing facts and events, listening to opinions and their data, and comparing for himself, and directed, guided, and modified as to his own views, by the comparing faculties of those about him, is undergoing the best possible ordeal for future intellectual effort, even if no book be set before him until he arrive at ten or twelve years of age, and the meaning of the words " lesson" and " school' be practically unknown to him. Even if placed in a much less auspicious position for intel lectual exercise and progress,—surrounded with the im perfectly educated,—the great pages of Nature being set before him with no able and ready interpreter at hand, to illustrate and explain their teachings,—the habit of self. culture and self-reliance is, nevertheless, more likely to be attained, if other circumstances are not unfavourable to these great acquisitions, than if the mind is prematurely taken from the field of its own efforts, and made to be come, at too early a period, a creature of scholastic disci pline : a sort of living machine, by which pages are com mitted to memory, facts and opinions learned by rote, and words virtually allowed to take the place of the things and the ideas they only represent, and may represent in adequately. The discipline of the intellect in the acquisi tion of languages, in the great science of numbers, even in acquiring the mechanical art of writing, and the mecha nical elements of drawing and music, is by no means to be undervalued ; nor is the information that may at the same time be stored up in the mind, to be omitted from the account; but, after all, the self-culture, the self-re. liance, the personal observation, inquiry, and deduction, tell more, or at least as much, on the ultimate powers and capabilities of the mind,—and affect, at least as much, its eventual relative position, and the character and degree of its powers over the minds of its fellow-men.--Dr. Ro bertson on Diet and Regimen. WHO OUGHT TO EMIGRATE.—The subject of emigra tion is one of the utmost importance to the people of Great Britain. It opens a channel through which the industrious individual, who, with a small and insufficient capital, has hitherto struggled for the bare maintenance of himself and those dependant upon him , may become pos sessed of a sure passport to independence , or raise himself from the state of helpless poverty to which he may have been brought by some unforeseen calamity ; th roug h which the man, who has nothing but honest industry and frugality for his support, may pass from the degree of servant to that of master. The immense territorial ex tent of the British colonies, some of which have the finest climates and most luxuriant soils in the known world, would afford ample possessions of land to more families than could be contained in England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. In the course of my residence in Van Die men's Land I never knew, or heard of, nor do I believe that there ever was an instance of one person who practised these three—honesty, industry, and frugality—and did not rise rapidly to independence. I will not even except the three years of 1844-5 and 6, during which the colony was inundated with convicts to such an extent that nearly all the free labourers were compelled to leave it ; for at this very time vessels, pouring in from New South Wales, Port Phillip, and Adelaide, were carrying off 200 and 300 at a time to the inhabitants of those places, who paid the expense of their passage and wages to the amount of £24 each per year. It may be asked, how, then, does it hap pen that we so often hear of failures, and witness the re turn of those who have emigrated with capital and lost it? To this question I would reply, that there is no specific in the atmosphere of the 'Australian colonies capable of effecting a change in the habits and propensities of indi viduals. There, as in all other parts of the world, are numerous opportunities to indulge in licentiousness, extravagance, and foolish speculations ; and those who have realised fortunes and spent their wealth in riotous living, or neglected to look after their own affairs, and so brought unnecessary difficulties upon themselves, have no right to blame the place which gave them the opportunity of obtaining property they never could have possessed at home ; still less those who have taken out money and spent it in drinking and debauchery, without one effort to improve the opportunities around them. The indulgence of vicious habits must ever tend to the destruction of health and substance. But even these men, in some in stances, when reduced to a degree of destitution which at home would consign them to irretrievable ruin, have roused themselves from this state of apathy, and, by ex erting the energies which still remained, have again risen to affluence. Cases like this, although they occur re peatedly, are never heard of, or are numbered with the class who are designated as fortunate ; while the idle and profligate often return to their native land to poison the minds of all with whom they come in contact, and, endea vouring to hide their follies by false representations; debar others from partaking of the benefits they have thrown away. It is not the idle, the vicious, the intemperate, to whom I would hold out a prospect of being able to gratify their passions with impunity ; they have chosen their path, and cannot avoid the consequences by emigration : but to the industrious and frugal I can show a certainty of plenty and some to lay by; a prospect of independence in a few short years, and a probability of becoming wealthy ; an d I can also assure them that even were they to be overtaken by some severe misfortune, to which all are liable, at home and abroad, and reduced to the lowest stage of po verty, the road is before them by which they can rise again, and comparatively speaking, easy of access. The opportunities are numerous, and there are always those who, either from partiality or interest , will be glad to assist an honest, persevering man, whose services may be useful to themselves ; while at home, where every avenue is crowded to excess, ths applicant may stand for ages at the portal, waiting for permission to labour for a scanty subsistence. To show the reasonableness of this asser tion, it only requires to appeal to the judgment of the reader, and to remind him that the former of these two countries scarcely knows a tax by name, while all wages, salaries, and profits are high, and the prices of the un-_ taxed articles are, of course, low in proportion to the' incomes ; that in the, latter country the reverse is the case, and the profession, the trade, or the labour market, s crowded to enesse—Sinamonda's Colonial Mogazine.. THE EFTERPOOL STANDARD. THE OLD TORY. The real old Tory is amongst the best friends of the poor, for he is a true Christian ; and however attached to the outward hierarchy of civil society, he knows full well that before the judgment-seat of God all men are equal. He hates oppression, for He instinctively knows it to be the very worst foe of reverence and authority. No one will go farther than he to see the poor righted. He is the best and fairest county magistrate ; and if he can swallow down that disgust at the break up of the parochial system, which has made him rail so often at the New Poor Law, he is the best Poor-law guardian in the county. On the other hand, he stands up for the Game-laws, and is no friend to poachers. Not, however, for the sake of his game, but on account of the sly, slinking, stealthy nature of the offence. For he delights in field sports him self, and likes nothing better than to see other folks do the same. Never did he refuse a right of sporting to a tenant ; and many is the certificate that he has made a present of to some strapping farmer's son whom he knew to be a good shot. And if he has quite an army of game keepers, (a fact which he always boasts of in his Game law speeches,) it is at bottom only his way of keeping the boldest country lads out of mischief. As to the game itself, no man is ever so liberal of it as the old Tory, and many a jug of hare soup has been sent out to the poorest old village crone from his kitchen. The old Tory is a good, but not a tip-top farmer. He looks rather suspiciously still upon agricultural chemistry, though not averse to a new manure. He has never given way to the tallow-making mania. He loves a good marbled baron of beef of his own feeding, but he likes his beasts to be able to walk, and says that oxen were not made to ride in carriages to the cattle-show, while poor folks trudge on foot. He likes to see everything around him sleek and happy ; never sells an old hack, nor ever shoots an hound that can yet wag his tail for joy to see him. But the finest sight in the neighbourhood of the old Tory are his tenants. Such substantial cottages—such oak and walnut-tree tables and chests—such lots of crockery—such apple and pear trees in the garden, and flowers everywhere r The old gentleman knows every human face and name within miles of his house : when he rides out, the men all doff their hats to him with a grin and a scrape, the women running after him to tell of some great family event, bearing in his mind as well as theirs the most direct and natural connection with his purse and store-room. He never restricts the building of cottages by his own people, and loves a roomful of flaxen-polled children. As to buying out the small land-owner, the thing is quite foreign to his nature. He daily laments over the departed yeomanry of England, is a zealous promoter of allotments, and has done more than any one in the parish to put the common fields into profitable cultivation. At bottom, the old Tory rather likes a good Radical or Chartist, so long as they do not become seditious. He has a lurking consciousness that universal suffrage would not do much harm, and that parliaments have already been annual. Much as he hates the name of Cobbett, you would think to hear Cobbett himself when he takes to lamenting over the day when every labourer baked his own bread and brewed his own ale. The ballot, indeed, he cannot abide, and says it is un-English. He no more understands that a tenant should be afraid of his land lord, than that he should vote against him. To be sure, his own men would as soon think of eating snails as of polling for a Whig. The genuine old Tory is really one of the essential elements in the English nation. He it is who shows in practice how much good can be yielded by all existing institutions when worked by good men who loved them. As a type of character, I am aware of no other country than England where he is to be found. The matter of the old foreign noble, even to the lowest beggar, may be perhaps more courteous, but it has far less cordiality. It springs from civility, not from love ; it is a form, and not a feeling. Rail though he may at Jacobins and their watchwords, the real old Tory, of all others, is the man who has most help to keep up amongst us the spirit of freedom, of equality, of brotherhood. The familiarity with which his neighbours approach him, the trustfulness with which they look up to him, are, in fact, the feelings of younger brothers towards an elder. The obedience which is paid to him is freedom's self, for it hangs on no coercion or fear, and is but the shape of harmonious co operation. And his is the feeling of true equality, for he sees a man in every beggar. Had there been enough old Tories, not in the manor-house alone, but in the councils of Hanoverian kings, there would now be fewer Radicals. —J.T.--Politics for the People. enteral Iftiatilanv. Green peas are selling at Bath at 9d. per peck. Two Prussian vessels have taken refuge at Cardiff, having been attacked and pursued by Danish cruisers. The Bristol Docks Transfer Bill was read a second time in the House of Lords on Thursday. A field of Australian wheat is now in full ear and bloom on a farm at Oystermouth, within four miles of Swansea. The Town Council of Plymouth have resolved on laying down glass pipes for the supply of water to the town. The next meeting of the British Association will be held at Swansea in August. Another chartist rioter at Bingley, has been committed by Mr. Ferrand for trial. Three members of the Wesleyan Society have been ex pelled at Stourton, in the Gainsborough circuit, for be coming Chartists. Col. C. Rowan, senior Commissioner of the Metropo litan Police, will, it is said, shortly receive the honour of knighthood from Her Majesty. The late Miles Lester, Esq., of Upton, Gainsborough, who died a fortnight ago, has left sixty of his nephews and nieces £3OO each. A firm in Nottingham have received an official order to make a dress of " Nottingham lace" for her Majesty, to be worn by her at the drawing-room. A fight took place between two strangers at the Pig and Whistle Inn, Shardlow, Derbyshire, on Tuesday afternoon last, and one of them was so much injured that he died in about half an hour afterwards. Out of 200,000 offences that every year occupy the attention of our courts of justice, nearly 20,000 are com mitted by children, and nearly 50,000 by transgressors under 20 years of age. The Royal Pavilion. Brighton, so long the favourite abode of George IV., is now shut up, preparatory to its being offered for sale. Not a single individual is left to disturb the silence that reigns throughout the building. A club called " The Early Risers" has been established at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and the members meet on the moor every fine morning at six o'clock to hear a lecture, play cricket, quoits, and football, and then repair to breakfast. On Thursday last, the musical festival by which the an nual meeting of the children belonging to the old charity schools of London is usually celebrated, was held in St. Paul's Cathedral, when upwards of 10,000 spectators, be sides 5,000 children, assembled in honour of the event. The Chester Chronicle states that one of the masons employed at the Britannia Bridge, in the Menai Straits, caught, the other day, after a hard struggle, a lobster weighing 14 lb. 2 oz. which had been left by the tide amongst the sea weed. The Earl of Arundel and Surrey had a large party to dinner on Wednesday, at his residence on Carlton-house terrace. The guests were all respectable tradespeople, special constables of St. Martin's parish, who had acted under his Lordship as captain of that district. The number of English artizans, mechanics, weavers, lace makers, railway operatives, and others, who have been compelled to leave France, since the February revo lution, is upwards of 7000. They are all in the greatest destitution. THE GREAT WILL FORGERlES.—Galignani's Messen ger announces the arrival of Barber in Paris, and men tions various circumstances which occurred at Norfolk Island, from which it expresses confidence that Mr. Bar ber was entirely innocent. No less than twenty persons have been poisoned at a public dinner at Northampton, which took place on Wed nesday. One gentleman is dead, and several have suf fered severely. It is said that arsenic has been found in the body. The cook is in custody, and the inquest has been adjourned. Ann Baker, a charwoman, James Grant, James Grant, jun., and Sarah Grant, have been committed for trial at the next Central Criminal Court Sessions, charged with stealing 5001bs. of parliamentary reports and acts of par liament from the Masters's office, in Southampton Build ings, Chancery-lane, London. On Monday week, a young man named Smith, a cabi net-maker, living at Kingland, in a joking humour, pre sented a pistol at the head of a young woman named Luff, to Whom be was abutut tv be un known to him, had been loaded, and went off. The poor girl lies in a dying state. Sir George Grey, in reply to a question put by Sir W. Verner, denies the fact of Mr. Mitchel baying been allowed to dine at the officers' mess on board the Shearwater, though be admits he was asked to breakfast by the Assis tant-Surgeon, which conduct he added, is under the con sideration of the Admiralty. MELANCHOLY CIRCUMSTANCE.—Mr. Edward Paxton Humble. proprietor of the .Durham Advertiser died on Friday week, within a year of the death of his father, and thus within the short space of twelve months that paper has lost both the proprietors, embraced under the firm of Messrs. Humble and Son. _ _ It became known in London, on Wednesday, that the Bank of England would be willing to mike advances on bills of exchange and stock securities at 3 per cent. until about the middle of July, when the payments of the divi dends will have taken place, and some applications were consequently made for loans at that rate. Sir Robert Peel is to take the chair at a meeting of the professional and other friends of Josh. Hodgson, Esq., F.R.S., to be held at Dee's Royal Hotel, Birmingham, on Tuesday next. The meeting is called for the purpose of determining upon offering to Mr. Hodgson some mark of the esteem in which he is held by a numerous body of friends. CONVICTION UNDER THE TEN HOURS ACT.-011 Monday Mr. Joseph Haley, woollen manufacturer, Bram ley, was fined 20s. and costs, at the Leeds Court House, on an information laid against him by Mr. Baker, in spector of factories, for having employed persons under 18 years of age more than ten hours a day, contrary to the recent act of parliament. Some twenty of the London rioters engaged in the de monstrations of Sunday were on Tuesday fully committed for trial by the magistrate at Worship-street, at the ensu ing Criminal Sessions, and we are pleased to say that on Wednesday most of the districts in winch tumultuous assem blages have previously taken place were in a state of quie tude. A most unfortunate affair occurred shortly after the last race-at Ascot, on Thursday. A respectable innkeeper of Sunning, named Dell, irritated at an unprovoked insult offered to his wife by a man whose name has not been a.seertained, knocked him down ; the blow, unhappily, took effect under the ear, and death ensued instantaneously. We tlnderstand Mr. Dell has been admitted to bail. On Friday a lioness in Wombwell's menagerie, station ed at Stafford, seized the keeper, who had entered the den, and tore off the scalp from the back part of his head and dreadfully lacerated his neck. Another keeper then came to his assistance and racued his unfortunate com rade. Among the recent bankrupts is Wm. Hewitt, described as " Bookseller, Strand," but better known as the author of " Homes and Haunts of British Poets," and other popular works. The difficulties of this gentleman arose in consequence of his secession from the management of the People's Journal, and the enterprise of Howitt's Journal. Early on Sunday morning a fire was discovered on the establishment of Mr. John Turpin, upholsterer and com mission-agent, situate in Swinegate, Leeds. Mr. Turpin and family had gone by the last train on the Saturday evening to attend the funeral of a brother at Hull. The damages sustained by Mr. Turpin will be about £2,000. He is only insured to the amount of £3OO. Lieutenant Gale was to have ascended in his Cremorne balloon from the Zoological Gardens, Hull, on Monday last; but a storm came on about noon, when the inflation was complete, and it was with great exertion that the bal loon was not blown away. Though 40 persons held it down, the gas-valve was broken, and the gas wasted, and some damage done to the balloon. CHEESE RETURNS.—The aggregate quantities of cheese imported into the united kingdom in the year 1847 (end ing sth of January, 1848), amounted to 354,832 cwt., in cluding 109,322 cwt. from the United States of America, and 413 cwt. from British possessions abroad. The quan tity of foreign European cheese exported from the united kingdom in 1847 amounted to 4,834 cwt. ANOTHER DEATH. BY LIGHTNING. —On Monday, while a party of fisher girls, belonging to Cullercoats, Northumberland, were searching for sea-eels, on Blyth Sands, they were suddenly overtaken by a storm of thun der andi lightning, when suddenly one of the party, named Mary Story, about sixteen years of age, was struck by the lightning and killed on the spot.—Newcastle Courant. THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM'S RISBOROUGH ES TATE.—This fine property was sold on Thursday at Ayls bury, by order of the directors of the Norwich Union Fire-office, the mortgagees in sixteen lots. The first bid was £7,000, and eventually reached 11,200. The reserve bidding was then announced as £12,000, at which price it was purchased, after the sale, by the Rev. Mr. Partridge the occupier. IMPORTATION' OF SOLESKINS.—The steamers arriving from Rotterdam have, within these past few weeks, brought a large quantity of soleskins as a portion of their cargoes. The skin of the sole, washed and dried, which, as is probably generally kno an, is available for coffee re fining, and other purposes, is a novel article of importa tion, and introduced as an experiment. It is duty free on importation. A NEW AFRICAN DRUG.—The following is one of the 234 resolutions which Lord George Bentinck proposed for the adoption of the committee on sugar and coffee plant ing ;—" That the negresses, from the circumstances of the great preference for men, and the almost exclusive demand during a long period of years for men by the regular slave dealers, very much outnumber the negroes, and conse quently glutting, are a cheap drug in the African mar kets I" William Barrett, a letter-carrier in the Lambeth dis trict of the London Post-office, has been committed for trial, charged with stealing several letters, money, and other articles which were being sent to different parties through the Post-office. The articles of jewellery found on the prisoner included a lady's bracelet of ivory and gold, with small figures in ivory appended, a gold ring, &c. He had also a memorandum-book containing entries of his visits to the Casino, &c., and a Chartist medal. Lord John Russell's written offence against literature was put into action on Thursday night, at the Surrey Theatre, when " Don Carlos," a tragedy from the pen of the Premier, was represented to a motly audience. The greatest hilarity prevailed on the occasion. Nevertheless, the noble author may well ask, " What enemy bath done this ?" It is some consolation that the offence is not to be repeated, the bills having stated that the tragedy was to be played for the first and only time. STATISTICS OF METALS.—Some returns, moved for by Messrs. Pendarves and Vivian, show that 85 tons of lead ore and 1,176 tons of shot were exported from the United Kingdom in the year 1847 of copper ore 41,490 tons were imported in 1847 (yielding a duty of £40,864), and 5,882 tons of unwrought British copper exported. The imports of tin amounted to 1,165 tons, and the exports to 1,741 tons. The imports of zinc amounted to 12,768 tons, and the exports to 886 tons. A singular cricket match was played on Wednesday week at Wratting, in Suffolk, between a farmer with his two agricultural pupils and a clergyman with his retriever dog. The " fielding" of the canine cricketer is said to have been admirable, but was insufficient to win the game for his master ; for at the close of the second innings tne farmer and his pupils were announced to hdve scored 71 notches, while their reverend antagonist and his dog had made but 55 runs. SINGULAR DISCOVERY.—In digging upon the premises of the Great Northern Railway HAel, Lincoln, the other day, several bottles of wine were discovered buried at a considerable depth. The antique appearance of the bot tles, which were low and square shaped, clearly proved that the wine must have been buried for a great number of years ; the probability is that several centuries must have elapsed since the wire was consigned to its hiding place. One of the bottles was much ornamented.—Stam ford Herald. The Tagus steamer, from the Mediterranean, has brought a considerable sum in specie —£170,000 from Constantinople, and £50,000 from Alexandria. We presume the bulk of the remittances from the former place will be made on account of the banking firms there who have lately begun to draw bills on England. We learn, also, from private letters, that specie to some ex tent had been sent from Italy to Malta, where it would probably be invested in the purchase of bills drawn on the English government. INFLUX OF IRISH PAUPERS INTO OXFORD.—rhe influx of Irish paupers appears to be on the increase, and bats become so overwhelming, that the Anti-Mendicity Society has been compelled to close their doors altogether against them. It was stated at the meeting, on Thursday, that 150 pass through Oxford daily, and that no less than 500, including men, women, and children, have, in the course of a week, been huddled together in one large room at the workhouse, where shelter has been afforded them for the night.—Oxford paper. DISTRESSING EVENTS.—The beloved daughter of the Rev. James Linton, of Hemingford, Huntingdonshire, aged only twenty-one years, was drowned last week, whilst bathing at Sea View, Isle of Wight ; and near the same place a female and a child sat upon some pieces of rock, amusing themselves, till the tide had completely encircled them, when so great was the consternation caused by the discovery of their position, that the poor child was drowned in the confusion and haste to extricate themselves. On Wednesday, a numerous meeting, convened by the West London Reform Association, was held at Chelsea, for the purpose of adopting a petition to the House of Commons for household suffrage, vote by ballot, and tri ennial parliaments ; and giving the most distinct contra diction to the statement of Lord John Russell that the people did not want reform. Another meeting of the same kind was held at St. Mary s, Lambeth, on Thursday. Similar meetings Kaye been held at Manchester, Bath, and Birmingham. WHEAT AND POTATOES.—The price of an imperial bushel of wheat in Hereford ranges from ss. Bd. to 65., whilst that of a bushel of potatoes is from 6s. Bd. to Bs., thus making the latter the dearest article of the two. This is remarkable, and the low terms realised for wheat, combined with the poor prospects of the Lent grain, is causing much pecuniary difficulty among our agricultu rists. Indeed we scarcely remember a period when agri culture was more depressed, for although meat fetches a high price, yet the expense of rearing it renders the profit to the producer extremely small. CANARIES.—The gentleman mentioned in a paragraph in The Times last year as having reared canaries in a state of freedom has this year succeeded in rearing two broods of these birds in nests built in his garden—one of them in a cyprus tree, having three young ones, the hen having been reared in the open air in July, 1846, since which time she has been generally free to fly about at pleasure. Another nest was built in a magnolia by a hen, free from the time of her birth (in May, 1846), which contained two young birds hatched on the 15th of April last. The old birds and the young ones also (with the exception of one that disappeared) continue their flight about the grounds, coming in to feed. Each hen has now a second brood, one consisting of four and the other of three young birds, which are expected to take flight in a few days. FIRE AND Loss OF LIFE AT BRISTOL.—On Wednes day morning, a firo broko. out in. ilia chop ,of Pear/roc, waterproof clothing and cloth manufacturer, Broad Quay, Bristol. The materials being highly inflammable, the flames reached a great height, and burned with intense vividness before the engines (six in number) could be taken to the spot. All efforts to preserve the building were unavailing. The adjoining houses were much da maged. and the inmates with difficulty escaped. About five o'clock the body of a woman, wife of a sailor named Jackson, was discovered. She had lodged in the house, and the body was found in the kitchen. She was found on her knees, and was dreadfully burnt. The house and stock of Mr. Parkes were insured. The other parties, whose premises and stock were injured, were not insured. COMMITTAL OF THE CHARTISTLEADERS.—The Chartist leaders, Ernest Jones, John Fussell, Joseph Williams, and Alexander Sharpe, were on Wednesday brought before Mr. Henry, at Bow-street police-office, charged with " wickedly, maliciously, and seditiously uttering seditious words concerning the Queen and government." Jones was apprehended in Manchester on Wednesday morning, and the other three prisoners in _London at an early hour that morning. They were all committed for trial, but the magistrate offered to take bail with twenty-four hours' notice. Jones was ordered to find sureties--himself in £5OO, and two sureties in £250 each.—ln the other cases each party has to find sureties in one hundred pounds, and two sureties in £2OO each. On Thursday another leader of these misguided men named W. J. Vernon, of respectable appearance, was committed for trial. He was also offered bail, himself in £2OO, and two sureties in £lOO each. AMERICAN STEAMERS.—Dr. Scoresby remarked, in a lecture which he delivered in Bradford, on the 25th May, that the recklessness and daring of the Americans were remarkable, and might be well illustrated by the value • which appeared to be set upon life in their steamers. British steamers sailed across the Atlantic at a pressure of steam from 5 lbs. to 7 lbs. on the square inch. The American Atlantic steamers professed to work a a pressure of 20 lbs. on the square inch, and the North River steamers at 16 lbs. to 20 lbs., and sometimes 30 lbs., on the square inch,oo b s w . il ande, on the eM a i n s d sis e s v i e p n pi h , to—it was, consequently, very easy to account for those tremendous explosions so frequently occurring on those rivers. Dr. Scoresby mentioned several of these explosions higher, er, pressure was h a o d f 80 lbs.,recourse as cases in point—showing that the passengers were equally to blame with the captains of the steam-boats, DESTRUCTION Of A CHAPEL.—On Wednesday the ut most excitement was caused throughout the parish of St. Pancras, in consequence of an alarm being raised that the extensive building known as Grove Street Chapel, Cam den Town, was on -fire. The firemen tried all they could to prevent the conflagration from extending through the building ; but, owing to the firm hold it had previously obtained, their exertions met with little success, and the greater portion of the chapel was destroyed. The total loss by this disastrous event must be very considerable, but it is understood that the trustees were insured in the General Fire Office. How the calamity occurred is enve lopad in mystery. AN URGENT APPEAL.—The Manx Liberal says, " As we only furnish our accounts once a year and allow them. to be three months over due before we ask for them, we think if our subscribers and general customers have any christianity in them, they will see the propriety of instant payment. It is degrading to the feelings and subversive of all right self-esteem to be dunning, begging, and im ploring day after day for what is legitimately your own. Although not !possessed of extraordinary acuteness of sensibilty on such matters, we feel lessened in our own opinion when we are compelled to make these reiterated claims. It is to us mental horror to see a fellow-creature twisting, stammering, and writhing to find a plausible ex cuse for further delay. If parties find it inconvenient to pay for-newspapers and advertisements, why do they have them, we do not press our goods upon any man. If they feel inclined to favour our establishment with their orders we feel thankful to• them when they pay us for such, but it does not suit our purpose to be craving with a beggar's zeal that which is legitimately our own. If the people are anxious for an independent press they should put the editors of it in an independent position of paying their debts, the office carries with it a sufficiency of toil, God knows, in week after week, year after year, striving;to pro vide new matter for the insatiable maw of human cu riosity." ALLEGED MURDER AND SUICIDE AT BRISTOL.— OR Monday the bodies of Maria, Edward, and John Hill, mother and children, were exhumed for the purpose of being submitted to an examination, rendered necessary under the following - circumstances :—ln October last the wife of Mr. Thomas Wellington Hill, a retired builder of Bristol, died somewhat suddenly, and her death was fol lowed in a short time afterwards by the decease of two of her children. No suspicion was attached to any party at the time of the death of Mrs. Hill, and not until applica tion was made by the husband for the amount of a policy effected upon the life of the wife in the National Lean Fund Assurance Society. As the policy was to a large amount, £3',000, and was only effected four months pre vious to the death of the insured, the parties in the insu rance office disputed payment and caused inquiries, to be made respecting the death of the wife, and it was disco vered that her illness had been attended by vomiting. Mr. Hill having threatened the insurance society with an action, they caused the body of the wife and also the bodies of the children to be disenterred, and the intestines given to Mr. Herapath, the celebrated chymist, for analy zation. During the time the bodies were being disinter red the suspected party committed suicide by means of essential oil of almonds which he had procured—a portion himself and another portion by means of a sister—from. two druggists' shops. Mr. Hill wrote a note previous to taking the poison, in which he said, in disconnected sen tences, " his head suffered severely from mental distrac tion. His mind was bowed down by the attempt of a powerful party to crush him. He was not guilty of the atrocious charge," &c. At the inquest respecting the death of Mrs. Hill and the children, it was stated that in each case arsenic had been detected, and the inquiry was adjourned to to-day (Tuesday). TRADE AepouNTs.—We are sorry to perceive that the official tables - of the board of trade for the past and present years, ending on the sth ult., show a very unsatisfactory state of things. The falling off in the import of tea has been upwards of one million pounds. But it is in our ex port trade that affairs look most gloomy. During the first four months of the present year, the total decline in the value of our exports, as compared with those of the same period last year, was £1,746,937, or, at the rate of £5,240,000 a-year. The value of the exports, in the month ending sth May, in the present and the two prece, ding years, were the following : 1846. 1847. 1848. £ e 1,467,530.... 1,646,252.... 1,272,351 746,333.... 670,082.... 298,078 Cotton manufactures Cotton yarn As the exports to the East Indies and China have been on a tolerably large scale, the preceding decline, and particu larly the striking decrease in the shipments of yarn, are due to the disorganised state of commerce on the continent of Europe. The total exports of British produce and ma nufactures also show a decided decrease, both for the month and the four months ending sth May. They are the following 1846. 1847. 1848. .e Month ending sth May 4,337,683.. 4,812,852.. 3,345,735 Four months ending sth May 15,873,858.. 16,157,969.. 14,411,032 These accounts now begin to exhibit the effects of the large purchases of silk goods in France, consequent upon the low prices prevalent in that country. There is a very large increase in the imports during the month, the quan tities being 70,606 lbs. weight this year against 41,622 lbs. in 1847, and 52,566 in 1846. The imports for the four months comprised in the accounts, also exhibit a marked. increase in the present year. DESTRUCTION OF SANDON HALL, STAFFORDSHIRE.--.• We are sorry to learn that a considerable portion of this beautiful structure, the seat of the Earl of Harrowby, was destroyed by fire on Tuesday morning last. It is said that about 10 a.m. the fire was first discovered by some plumbers, who were at work repairing the roof of the centre portion of the building where it originated. It is supposed to have commenced through some accident connected with their operations. On the discovery of the disaster, messengers were immediately sent off to Stafford and Stone, for the fire engines, but before their arrival the fire hae. acquired such ascendancy as to baffle attempts to save the centre of the building, which was completely gutted. The valuable library of books, numerous paintings, vases, mirrors, works of art, and articles of vertu, together with the furniture, were re moved from the house to the pleasure grounds adjoining, and from what we can learn, the loss in this respect has been very trifling : though, of course, the hasty removal of the articles will cause serious damage to some of them. During the fire, a joiner named Perkin was crushed to death by a falling stone, and Mr. Till, of Stafford, was badly hurt by a similar accident. The engines continued. to play upon the smouldering mass until Wednesday evening, when they were all removed. The Earl of Har rowby arrived at the scene of destruction on Wednesday afternoon, from London, in company with Viscount San don. He seemed to bear the misfortune with good humour ; but was much distressed at the death of Perkin, who was, we believe, a favourite servant of his lordship's, having been at the hall since his youth. We have not heard whether the property was insured. A number of noblemen and gentlemen, from different parts of the county, were present at the fire, and displayed the utmost zeal in rendering all assistance possible. THE MUNICIPAL CEMETERY, LEEDS.—WO find by the Leeds Infelligencer that the dominant party in the town council in Leeds are now dissenters and that they have signalized the commencement of their government of the new Municipal Cemeteries by imposing an addi tional shilling upon every interment in the consecrated part of the ground (one half of the whole) over and above the regulated scale of charges. This, as they appre hended that it was not legal, was rescinded, but a more objectionable step followed. It happened that the chap laincy to the consecrated part of the burial ground was vacant, and on a clergyman being appointed by the Bishop, the dissenters in the council resolved to have a pecuniary compensation for the concession out of the future chaplain's stipend. They accordingly voted that the mere acknowledgment of 40s. a-year should be paid to the chaplain, instead of the very moderate stipend of £BO a year, which was formerly voted, and which is only equal to the salary of the registrar of the unconsecrated ground. By these and other measures of partiality to their own party, the result is that with fees, &c., the burial of the dead, according to the rites of the Church costs the public (in each case 155.) nearly as much more as burial accord ing to the rules of dissent, which is only 7s. 2d. The In telligencer asks :—" Is it not enough that the ratepayers must expend more for the sepulture of one dissenter than for that of two churchmen ? Or must the disproportion be still aggravated by withholding an adequate stipend from the chaplain, or by permitting it to be provided for out of an annual donation from the vicar, in aid of the evasive and insulting 40s. voted by the Town Council ?" The same paper thus concludes :—" The question will of necessity be again under consideration, as the Rev. G. Hills has tendered to the Bishop of Ripon his resignation of the chaplaincy. JUVENILE DESTITUTION.—In the House of Commons, last week, Lord Ashley drew the attention of the house to the state of our youthful population. His lordship points to the colonies—he asks the legislature to furnish there to the labouring class a means of honourable adventure. His proposition is that about £20,000 a-year should be voted by parliament, to send out annually 500 boys and as many girls to South Australia, the privilege of being sent out to be the prize of good conduct and a certain amount of pro- - ficiency in ragged schools. In this way there would be a strong inducement given to persons to support these schools, when thus leading to a direct practical result — there would be a powerful motive given to the children to profit by them, and there would be a future provision for those who did ; there would be a boon to the colonies in the annual supply of labour, and a relief to the country even of a part of the expense to which it is put for the punishment of crime. The cost for punishing crime is enormous. The prosecution, removal, and subsistence of prisoners, the expenditure of county gaols and county houses of correction,—of the metropolitan police, are alone estimated at a million a year. Now, it is interesting to know that the effect of ragged schools has been to dimi nish crime. In reply to some inquiries of the committee of industrial ragged schools, Mr. Smith, the governor of the prison at Edinburgh, says that the commitment to prison, of boys of 13 years and under, is about 50 per cent. less in the three months ending March last than in the corresponding months of last year, which he attributes to the effects of these schools. He then very significantly remarks, " The public ought to know that if £5 a year be not spent on the education and maintenance of a little boy at a ragged school, £ll a year will probably have to be paid for him at the prison in Edinburgh, or £l7 for him. in that of Perth." It is important to know, on the au thority of 80 city missionaries, that it is very rare that young men fall into crime after twenty years of age ; it is under that age that the peril is great, and that the evidence of early corruption is shewn. It is gratifying to know that Sir George Grey approves the plan of juvenile emigration, founded on an educational test, and that government is disposed to give every facility for its execution. Satisfied with this declaration, Lord Ashley withdrew his resolu tion, which had some inconvenience in form, as pledging the house to an annual outlay on no specific plan. We congratulate his lordship on the subject of his benevolent advocacy, and earnestly hope it will meet the sympathy and support it deserves from one extreme to the other of the land.