The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-12-31 00:00:00

ButiEIGN AND COLONIAL. ARRIVAL OF THE CALEDONIA. The transatlantic mail steamer, Caledonia, Captain Lott, arrived in the Mersey on Sunday afternoon, about four o'clock. She left Boston on the 16th and Halifax on the 18th instant, at noon. She had fine westerly winds during the whole passage till she arrived off Cape Clear, when she first met with currents of air from S.S.E. At eleven o'clock on the night of the 13th, when one hundred and fifty miles from Halifax, she passed the steam-ship Acadia. As she neared this port she passed the ships Independence and Southerner, both putting back, leaky. The Southerner sailed hence on the Ist instant, and the Independence put to sea on Monday last. The last-named vessel was said to be leaky when in dock, but, some of the cargo having been removed, the leak stopped, and she was reported to be all tight and sound. The Caledonia has brought thirty-two passengers, a list of whom we subjoin. From Boston :—Mr. Ernst. Eevers, Mr. Abraham French, Mr. H. N. Patton, Mr. G. P. Ogden. Mr. Tho mas Penry, Mr. Samuel Vines, Mr. R. W. Harris, Mr. M'Caw, Mr. C. Ramsay, Mr. Robert Adams, Mr. Ed ward M'Kay, Mr. G. B. Symes, Mr. James Law, Mr. W. I. Jones, Mr, John E. Ward, Mr. B. L. Benson, Mr. Jesse Joseph, Mr. C. Turner, Mr. S. Lewis, Mr. G. Turner, Mr. H. E. Hoesch, and Captain Taylor and servant. From Halifax :—Mr. W. Bidston, Major Franklyn, Mr. Wiggan, Mr. Warren, Mr. P. M'Cullogb, Mr. Wal ters, and Mrs. Todd and infant. The rate of Exchange on London was 100 to 1001. The demand for the packet was moderate. The official correspondence, embracing all the diplo matic negociations between the United States government and Texas, which accompanied the President's Message (an abstract of which appears elsewhere), appears to have excited a great ferment in the public mind throughout the States. The more ardent talk of an immediate war with Mexico, while the more prudent not only deprecate an appeal to arms, but find fault with Mr. Shannon, the United States plenipotentiary, for the tone which he has assumed towards Mexico. The diplomacy of Mr. Tyler and his ministers, in rela tion to Texas, was viewed with much alarm by the mode rate men of both parties. The manner in which this diplomacy has been conducted is censured in the strongest terms by the leading democrats of the north and west, as well as by the Whigs. Though some commend Mr. Cal houn for his boldness in the conduct of negociations with Mexico. others, as we have said, think he and his agent, Mr. Shannon. have acted very recklessly, and it was said that he could not possibly retain his position in the administration of Mr. Polk. The proceedings in Congress were, meanwhile, watched with intense interest. In the Senate, on the Bth instant, Mr. M`Duffie gave notice of a resolution for providing for the annexation of Texas. On the 9th he introduced into the Senate a series of resolutions, declaring that the rejected treaty of annexation was an existing compact duly made by those having competent authority to do so; and he proceeded to perfect the annexation by joint reso lutions, giving the form of law to this compact. After the resolutions were read and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, Mr. Benton gave notice that he should, on the following day, introduce his bill of last session, which provides for obtaining Texas, with the assent of Mexico. On the following day the bill was brought for. ward, and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and, on the 11th, Mr. Ingersoll introduced into the House of Representatives a project similar to that brought before the Senate by Mr. M` Duffle. The resolutions were referred to a committee of the whole house, to sit on the 23d instant. The Canadian Parliament opened on the 28th ult. The election of APNab as Speaker was carried by a m , jwity of 39 against 36. • On tli.! 29th ult., between the hours of twelve and one, the shock of an earthquake was felt over the whole of the city of Montreal. It was severe enough to cause the houses to shake, and pieces of furniture to rattle, and was attended with a loud, rolling noise, as of the rapid passage of heavy artillery in the streets. It occasioned no accidents, although the area of its pass3ge seems to have been large. The news of the election of Polk had been received with great joy in Texas. The subsequent intelligence of the effect produced on the public mind by the negociations between the United States and Mexico had created great excitement. It was hoped and believed that the affairs between the two countries had reached a crisis. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, and President-elect of Texas, bad published a proclamation, from which it appears, says the Herald, " that the Government of Texas declare, that, unless the annexation project succeeds, or the inde pendence of Texas be acknowledged by Mexico through the mediation of some third power, Texas will at once open the war upon Mexico, and not stop short of the conquest of the whole of New Mexico to the Pacific Ocean." In our foreign intelligence will be found an account of the seizure of the Argentine fleet by the captaing of the United States frigate Congress. The account is con firmed by details extracted from the British Packet, published at Buenos Ayres. Oct. 12. It is added, that Captain Fitton, the commander of one of the Argentine corvettes, refused to strike his when commanded by the American officer, upon which a shot was fired over Lim, when he complied. Captain Fitton made a written pro test against the whole proceeding. The vessels soon afterwards resumed their colours, and the blockade was re-established. MOBILE COTTON MARKET, DEC. 4.—Since the arrival of the foreign accounts, this market has been farther de pressed by the character of some of the orders in the hands of the brokers requiring a further reduction in price, as also by the present high rates of freight. Cotton is arriving very freely, and is put upon the market almost as soon as :andel. Holders may be said to be free sellers at the rates we quote below : but while some of our figures are a shade lower than at the date of our last weekly re port, the market closes firmly, and sales yesterday were brisk at these prices. The bulk of the operations have been on French ~account, while some have been for do me.tic markets. The sales of the week are estimated at 8,000 hales, namely, 1,200 on Wednesday, 1,000 on Thurs day, 300 on Friday, 500 on Saturday, 2,000 on Monday, and yesterday 2,500 bales. NEW ORLEANS, DEC. 4.—Sunday's mail brought ac counts from England to the sth ult. The demand on Monday was not very active, and the business did not ex ceed 3,500 bales, at rather uneven prices, but, generally, at a decline of I- cent on last week. Yesterday holders were inclined to meet the views of purchasers, and, in consequence, a large business was transacted, amounting to 7,800 bales ; making the total sales of the past three days 43,100 bales, of which the greater portion was done for the English market. NEW YORK, DEC. 14.—With the exception of Tues day, when about 3,500 bales were sold, the market has been quiet through the week ; prices, however, remain about the same, although buyers have had some advan tage. The sales reach 7,200 bales, of which 4,800 were Upland, ordinary to middling 4i to st, middling fair to fair 5i to 6, fully fair to good fair 61 to 6i ; 3,100 Mobile and New Orleans, ordinary to middling, 4i to si; very little of these kinds on the market; middling fair to fair, 6t063 ; fully fair to good fair, 61 to 7a. The stock in this market is light. The receipts at the different ship ping ports, since the Ist of September, amount to 485,000 bales, against 399,000 bales last year and 530,000 bales the year before; the exports have been 278,500 bales against 140,000 bales last year and 221,000 the year before, leav ing a stock of 259,000 bales against 260,000 bales last year and 255,000 bales the year before. ABSTRACT OF PRESIDENT TYLER'S MESSAGE. The President opens his message with some remarks on the recent Presidential election, in which he expresses his gratification at the peaceable manner in which it was conducted, and remarks on the admirable construction of the American constitution and the blessings and benefits of a federal legislation. He then announces, that, since his last annual message, there has been no material change in the foreign relations of the States, which con tinued on the most friendly terms with all the powers of Europe. After some congratulation cn the growing con viction amongst nations that peace is their true policy, he says, " Since the close of your last session a negociation has been formally entered upon between the secretary of state and her Britannic Majesty's Minister Plenipoten tiary and Envoy Extraordinary, residing at Washington, relative to the rights of their respective nations in and over the Oregon territory. That:nei,ociation is still pend ing. Should it, during your session. be brought to a de finite conclusion, the result will be promptly communi cated to Congress. I would, however, again call your attention to the recommendations contained in previous messages, designed to protect and facilitate emigration to that territory. The establishment of military posts at suitable points upon the intended line of travel would enable our citizens to migrate in comparative safety to the fertile region. below the falls of the Columbia, and snake the provision of the existing convention for the joint occupation of the territory by the subjects of Great Britain anti the citizens of the United States more available than heretofore to the latter. These posts would continua places of rest for the weary emigrant, where he would be sheltered securely against the danger of attack from the Indians and be enabled to recover from the exhaustion of a long line of travel. Legislative enactments should also be made which should spread over him the aegis of our laws, FO as to afford protection to his person and property when he shall have reached his distant home. In this latter respect the British Government has been much more careful of the interesta'of such of her people as aro to be found in that coantry than the United States. She has made necessary provision for their security and pro tection against the acts of the viciously-disposed and law less ; and her emigrant reposes in safety under the panoply of her laws. Whatever may be the result of the pending negociation, such measures are necessary, It will afford rne the greatest pleasure to witness a happy and favour able termination to the existing negociation, upon terms compatible with the public honour ; and the best efforts of the Government will continue to be directed to this end. " It would have given me the highest gratification in this, my last annual c ommunication to Congress, to have been able to announce to you the complete and entire settlement and adjustment of other matters in difference between the United States and the government of her Britannic Majesty, which were advert e d to in a previou s message. It is so obviously the intere s t of both coun tries, in respect to the large and valuable commerce which exists between them, that all causes of complaint, however inconsiderable, should be, with the greatest promptitude, removed, that it must be regarded as cause of regret that any unnecessary delays should be perm i tt e d to intervene. It is true that, in a pecuniary point of view, the matters alluded to are, altogether, insignificant in amount when compared with the ample resources of that g reat n a ti on ; b u t t h ey , never th e l ess , more particu larly that limited class which arise under seizures and detentions of American ships on the coast of Africa, upon the mistaken supposition indulged in at the time the wrong was committed, of their being engaged in the slave trade, deeply affect the sensibilities of this government and people. Great Britain having recognised her respon sibility to repair all such wrongs, by her action in other cases, leaves nothing to be regretted upon this subject, as to all cases prior to the Treaty of Washington, than the delay in making suitable reparation in such of them as fall plainly within the principle of others which she bas long since adjusted. The injury inflicted by delays in the settlement of these claims, falls with severity upon the individual claimants, and makes a strong appeal to her magnanimity and sense of justice for a speedy settlement. Other matters, arising out of the construction of existing treaties, also remain unadjusted, and will continue to be urged upon her attention." The President then goes on to state the result of nego tiations with other nations, mentioning the treaty with the Germanic states, and the assimilation of the United States' flag with that of Belgium, for purposes of direct trade. With respect to the affairs of Texas, he says, Mexico has threatened to renew the war, and has either made, or purposes to make, formidable preparations for invading Texas. She has issued decrees and proclama tions, preparatory to the commencement of hostilities, full of threats revolting to humanity, and which, if carried into effect, would arouse the attention of all Christendom. This new demonstration of feeling, there is too much reason to believe, has been produced in consequence of the negociation of the late treaty of annexation with Texas. After stating that a strong representation was made from the United States to Mexico, he proceeds to argue against the practice and policy of the proceedings of the Mexicans, to show that the Texians had only done what was natural and, indeed, inevitable, for which the Mexicans were rashly bent on provoking a contest the consequences of which must be fearful. Upon the ratification of the treaty, the Executive was prepared to treat with her on the most liberal terms. Hence the boundaries of Texas were left undefined by the treaty. The Executive propo-ed to settle these upon terms that all the world should have pronounced just and reasonable. No negociation upon that point should have been undertaken between the United States and Mexico in advance of the ratification of the treaty. Mexico threatened war with the states if the treaty were ratified ; but by that threat they were not to be influenced, nor was it required. His opinion was, that if the treaty had been ratified by the Senate, it would have been followed by a prompt settlement, to the entire satis faction of Mexico, of every matter in difference between the two countries. The treaty was not ratified, but, said he, a controlling majority of the people, and a large majority of the States, have declared in favour of imme diate annexation. Instructions have thus come up to both branches of Congress from their respective consti tuents, in terms the most emphatic. It is the will of both the people and the States that Texas shall be annexed to the Union promptly and immediately. It may be hoped that, in carrying into execution the public will, thus declared,all collateral issues may be avoided. The Texians, he proceeded, were still desirous of throwing themselves under the protection of the States, and no complaint could be apprehended from any other quarter. It was a question for their own decision whether she should be received or not, the forms of annexation having been already resolved upon between the two governments. The decree of Mexico in relation to retail trade and the order for the expulsion of foreigners were in violation of the treaty of amity ; and these questions remained unadjusted. The President next congratulates the nation on the im proved condition of the Treasury. " The paralysis which had fallen on trade and com merce, and which subjected the Government to the necessity of resorting to loans, and the issue of Treasury notes, to a large amount. has passed away, and, after the payment of upwards of 7,000,000 dollars on account of the interest, and in redemption of more than 5,000,000 dollars of the public debt, which falls due on the Ist of January next, and, setting apart upwards of 2,000,000 dollars for the payment of outstanding Treasury notes, and meeting an instalment of the debts of the corporate cities of the district of Columbia, an estimated surplus of upwards of 7,000,000 dollars over and above the exist ing appropriations remain in the Treasury at the close of the fiscal year." After some remarks on the revenue department and ar guments in the support of his own views thereon, the pre sident proceeds to observe on the reports of the Secreta ries of War, the Navy, &c., which, however, do not con tain any points of general interest. He strongly advises the establishment of lines of steam-ships to ply regularly between the United States and foreign ports, and con cludes by congratulating the houses of congress upon the happy auspices under which they had assembled, and the improved prospects of trade, manufactures, and revenue. —Albion. NEW ZEALAND.—Captain Fitzroy and the Legislative Council of New Zealand have adopted an incontrovertible paper currency of debenture, which are to be a legal tender for all payments. The incontrovertible debentures to be issued and rendered legal tender will not, at most, amount to £25,000, in all probability not to £15,000; and there issue is a mere temporary measure resorted to by Captain Fitzroy to relieve the financial difficulty in which he found New Zealand. NEW SOUTH WALES.--Accounts have been received to the 1-t of August. It would appear from the official returns of the banks in operation for the quarter ending June, that the commercial community is in a much better position than previously, the disc , •unts having decreased and the deposits increased. The banks are stated to be acting with much caution, and additional calls had been made towards capital. The accounts from the interior are favourable. Several estabiishments had been formed to carry on the operation of tallow melting, and the profits realized by the process seem to be considered per fectly commensurate with the outlay required. The prices fetched in the London market had given a great impulse to this new branch of trade. In the Sydney papers advices from New Zealand to the middle of July report a deficiency of £lO,OOO, between the estimates of revenue and expenditure, but this amount Captain Fitz roy intimates an expectation of receiving from the home Government towards the known expenses contingent upon the first direction of a new colony. The expenditure is estimated at about £35;000, and the revenue at £25,000. The Debenture Bill had passed the Legislature. PERU.—BOMBARDMENT OF THE GOVERNOR'S HOUSE BY A BRITISH MAN OF WAR.—Accounts have been re ceived from South America representing that an outrage had been committed on the British Consul resident at Arica, and that the authorities of the town were the par ties; the outrage is mentioned as being of the grossest description. The British squadron engaged in the block ade of Islay had information of the outrage communi cated by Mr. Wilson, the insulted consul, and her Ma jesty's ship Talbot was immediately dispatched to Arica. It is said that water was refused this vessel. Our Peru vian minister, Mr. Adams, happened to be on board the Talbot, and considered the circumstances of the case so flagrant as to demand an immediate apology, which was required in the name of the British Government by the commander of the Talbot. The apology being refused, the Talbot opened fire on the governor's residence ; several shells were thrown in, and this was represented as being only a beginning, and that the town would be bom barded. This prompt mode of dealing brought the autho rities to b tter behaviour—an ample apology was given, and tranquility at once restored. It is not mentioned whether any persons were killed by the shells thrown from the Talbot. All the English residents at Arica were well looked after and taken on board previous to opening fire ; but when matters were settled they went on shore again. FRANCE.—His Majesty delivered his speech on Thurs day, from which we extract the following, as being inte resting to this country .—" At the close of last session, complicatians, which might have become grave, were the objects of my solicitude. The necessity of securing our possessions in Africa against hostile and repeated incur sions obliged us to carry war into the empire of Morocco. Our brave armies of land and sea, worthily commanded, attained with glory, and in a short time, the object marked out to their valour. Peace promptly followed victory, and Algiers, where three of my sons had this year the honour to serve their country, has recorded a double pledge of security, fur we have proved at once our power and our moderation. My government was engaged with that of the Queen of Great Britain in discussions which might have given reason to fear that the relations of the two states might have been affected; a mutual spirit of goodwill and equity has maintained between France and England this happy concord, which guaran tees the per cc of the world. During the visit which I paid the Queen of Great Britain to testify to her the price that I attach to the amity which unites us, and to that reciprocal friendship of which she has given me so many marks, I have been surrounded by manifestations the most satisfactory for France and for myself. I have gathered in the sentiments that have been expressed to me additional guarantees for the long duration of that generous peace, which assures to our country abroad a dignified and strong position, and at home an eternally increasing prosperity, with the enjoyment of her consti tutioaal liberties." BUENOS AYRES AND MONTE VIDEO. —The Times has the following extract of a letter dated Buenos Ayres, Oct. 2nd :—" Circumstances of an extraordinary nature took place at the Mount (Monte Video) on Sunday last, the 29th ult., being nothing less than the seizure, by the American commodore commanding the United Sta'es frigate Congress, of the whole of the Argentine squadron. We recall to your recollection the fact, that since the de parture of Commodore Purvis, the fishing-boats of Monte Video are seized by the Argentines whenever they can catch them. On Sunday one of these boats was pursued by an armed schooner bearing the Buenos Ayrean flag ; and the latter having the best of the chase, the boat ran under the lee of an American barque for security, upon which the armed schooner, without hailing or other usual notice, fired spotted guns into the American barque, doing some damage, being at that time, too, within range of the Congress's guns. The American commodore then sent an armed boat to take possession of the aggressive schooner, and then of the whole Argentine squadron in detail, lowering the flags of each vessel in succession. Commodore Grenfell, commanding the Brazilian naval force at Monte Video, sent a message to Capt. Phippen, of the Argentine squadron, stating that he considered the blockade to be void, as the blockading naval power had ceased to exist. II er Britannic Majesty's brig Philomel arrived here to-day, despatched by Mr. Turner, with let ters to Ms. Mandeville ; and there the affair stands for the present. We may add, that the armed schooner did not exactly belong to the squadron, and is stated to be one of the small craft fitted out by Oribe, and manned by the lowest clsss of foreigners, chiefly Italians, who receive no fixed pay, but remunerate themselves by prize money.' She carried no papers of any kind, and the American commodore detains this vessel as a piratical craft.' We have detailed this affair to you, because the cons , equences are likely to be serious. On the same day, a sortie was made from Monte Video, under command of Flores, who succeeded in surprising a party of Oribe's men, slew about sixty, and carried off a quantity of cat:le and horses, which were driven into town. Should any thing further of interest occur, we shall not fail to let you know. This government bought yesterday the Austrian brig Ilastaurador Rosas, of 332 tons, for 50,000 dollars, patacones; she was built at Trieste for a vessel of war, and sent out here for the express purpose of sale." The brig Liberal, from Rio de Janeiro, was wrecked in the Tagus, on the 16th instant. The captain, four pas sengers, and four of the crew were drowned. The beautiful tower of Strasburgh Cathedral, the highest in the world, has given way upwards of six feet from the perpendicular, and its immediate fall is antici pated. The Attorney-General and Lady Follett and family have arrived at Home, from a toar in Sardinia, Tuscany, &c. The honourable gentleman is in rather improved health, and is not expected to return to England for some weeks. The paper manufactory belonging to Messrs. Brice and Co., situate at La Vallette, near Paris, was reduced to ashes on Monday night. The young woman through whose imprudence the fire originated perished in the flames, and a corporal and a soldier died victims of their zeal whilst endeavouring to extinguish the fire. We extract from Simmond's " Colonial Magazine" for December, the following, being the average quantity per acre of agricultural crops produced annually in New South Wales during the last ten years, viz.—Wheat, 14 bushels ; Maize, 17 bushels; Barley, 151 bushels ' • Oats, 131 bushels ; Rye, 131 bushels ; Millet, 42 bushels ; Po tatoes, 21 tons; Tobacco, 7 cwt. ; and flay, 11 ton. The Montreal Herald states that Mr. Logan, who is well known b! geologists for his researches in Canada, has in a recent survey of the Upper Province discovered near Lake Simcoe, and explored to the extent of 60 or 70 miles, a great bed of lithographic stone. If true, this will prove of great importance to the art, as Germany has hitherto been the only source of supply, and that a most limited one. THE 'W EATH ER. IN ITALY.—A letter from Piedmont, of the 15th states, that a great quantity of snow at that date covered. the valley of the Po. At Turin, it fell to the depth of three feet, and so great a weight of it covered the roofs of the houses, that men were employed to shovel it off, fears being entertained of the woodwork giving way. At Alexandria, Asti, and some other parts of Piedmont, the snow was nearly four feet deep, and when the last ac counts left, everything foreboded a most severe winter. A FIRE ON THE PRAIRIES.—On Thursday se'nnight, Ezekiel Fields and Jack Fields, with their two sons, resi ding in the northern part of the nation, went to their field for the purpose of preventing a fire, then sweeping over the Prairie, from consuming their fences. But a high wind prevailing at the time, the flames rushed onward with such speed that they were obliged to leave their work, and endeavour to save themselves by flight. The two men and one of the lads were, however, soon overtaken, and burnt to death.--Cherokee Advocate. IMMENSE CASTING.—The Journal des De'bats states that the gigantic head of the statue of Bavaria, a bronze statue, which is to he 68 feet high, was withdrawn from the mould in which it was cast at the royal foundry of Munich on the evening of the 14th inst , in presence of the King and Queen of Bavaria, and a considerable num ber of distinguished personages. The beauty of the hesd of Bavaria, which is the work of the celebrated Schwan thaler, excited such enthusiasm amongst the spectators that they joined their voices to a chorus of 300 of the Philharmonic Society of Munich, who chanted a hymn composed for the occasion by the Baron de Poissel, di rector of the Theatre Royal of Munich. A TRAP FOR BURGLARS.—On Sunday morning, while the ,family of M. Girardot were out, a thief broke into their house, and having racked up all the valuables, was about to walk off with them, when he was tempted by a large rot of comfiture and a bottle of brandy, which he found in a closet. Having eaten all the sweetmeat and drunk half the brandy, he found himself so overcome that he staggered under his burden, and resolved to recover his powers by a nap. Having placed a loaded gun, which he found in a corner, beside him, he laid himself down on the servant's bed, and fell into so sound a sleep, that Mademoiselle Girardot, who returned earlier than the rest, discovered her new lodger still close locked in the arms of Morpheus. The packages at once told her his character. With soft steps she went out again, and brought back with her some gendarmes, who awoke the sleeper, and conducted him to prison.—Fr ench paper. HUSBANDS AND WIVES.—A Swiss journal furnishes us with the following romantic tale of real life :—A mar ried couple, who had for several years lived in a state of anti-conjugal harmony, determined to part, and made an appointment with each other to meet at a no tary's to sign the deed of separation. To arrive at the office of the roan of law they had to cross a lake, and, as it happened, they both embarked in the same boat. On their passage a storm arose, and the boat was upset. The husband being a good swimmer, soon reached the shore in safety. On looking around him to see the fate of his fellow passengers, he distinguished his wife still struggling for her life, but in imminent danger. A feeling of his early affection returned to him, and plunging again into the water, he swam to her, and succeeded in rescuing her. When she recovered her senses, and learnt to whom she owed her life, she threw herself into his arms; he em braced her with equal cordiality, and they vowed an obli vion of all their differences, and that they would live and die together. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. IRELAND. The Vanguard steamer has been got off the shore at Cork. THEE Rouiszt LAvrs..—At Westland-row Chapel, in this city, on last Sunday, the entire body of the people, men, women, and children, rose up and marched out, when Priest O'Maley, (who has lately distinguished hitn self by his opposition to O'Connell on the popish be quests bill) began to officiate.—Dublin Statesman. The Irish Corporations have not been forgetful of the press. The Mayor of Cork is the proprietor of a newspaper; the proprietors arid editors of the Kilkenny Journal, Drogheda Argus, Tipperary Free Press, and Sligo Champion, have seats in their respective corpora tions ; and the editors of the Freeman, Register and Na tion, are in the Dublin Corporation. The Dublin Freeman (Popish journal) says " that the court of St. James is at present a'tively engaged in an intrigue at the Papal court, the pur, , rrt of which is, to secure to the English minister an influence over the Irish hierarchy which, should it be attaii.ed, will necessarily prove most destructive to them, and detrimental to the cause of liberty in this kingdom." Last week a servant girl, at Limerick, in endeavouring to get a pail of water out of the river, fell in, and was being carried down by the stream, when a private of the Royal Artillery jumped in to rescue her. She caught him by the breast, and as he not disengage himself from her grasp, b,,th stiff. ers, in the presence of a hundred spectators, sown conk to rise no more. DREADFUL ACCIDENT.—On Sunday night last a shock ing accident happened in Portrush. The Rev. Mr. Whit taker, a clergyman of the Methodist Connexion, and Mr. Cary, were thrown out of ther gig, after divine service, and dashed on the rocks of the shore, the horse having taken fright. Mr. Whittaker was so much injured as to be in imminent danger, and Mr. Cary was instantaneous ly killed, the gig having fallen over the unfortunate gentle man.—Limerick Chronicle. FIRING AT A LADY.—On Sunday week, about five o'clock, as Mrs. Henry Atkinson, of Cangort, King's County (daughter of the Rev. William Savage, rector of the parish), was returning home in a pony carriage, ac companied by one of her children and a man servant, on the very confines of the village they were met by two men, and immediately on passing them a shot was fired (happily without effect.) It is thought that the servant was mistaken for Mr. Henry Atkinson, who, in his cepa ' city of agent to his brother, has lately instituted proceed ings against some tenants on the Cangort estate. POPISH BEQUESTS BILL.—In Dr. Murray's pastoral letter he announces future vigorous petitions and action to relieve the " meritorious" but "degraded," Jesuits and monks. He utters a " God forbid" that he or any other " Catholic" should recognise the penal law against those " venerated labourers in the sacred ministry" whom the laws of England provide against as dangerous to the com monwealth, but whose only crime, according to Dr. Mur ray, is their superrogatory evangelic character. beyond what God demands. When will Protestants awake, arise, combine, and insist that an end be put to this bit-by-bit admission of popery into every department of the state? REPEAL ASSOCIATION.—O'ConneII was not of course present at the weekly meeting on Monday. The princi pal speaker was Mr. O'Brien who, in the course of his address, said " he did not think it necessary to speculate on the means which should be employed by the united Irish people for the attainment of repeal, but this he would say—woe to the British Empire in the hour when Eng land attempted to meet the unanimous demand for repeal by arms. The hour was approaching when England could want Ireland. Louis Philippe dead, a fleet of steamers would be on the French coast ready to transport an army to the shores of England. The Irish army would then be wanted, and they would have it in their power to dictate their own terms—namely, the restoration of the Irish legislature." The weekly rent was £175. SHAMEFUL CONDUCT.—The funeral of the Earl of Limerick took place on Monday, and although his lord ship bequeathed a sum of £5OO to be distributed among the poor of that city, and yet the " finest people on the , face of the earth" could not permit his remains to be de posited in their final resting-place without indulging in one of those displays of barbarity which bespeak, to say the least, an imperfect state of civilization- As the fu. neral passed along the streets of Limerick the yelling of the mob was terrific, and the tenantry who attended to pay the last tribute of respect to their landlord were as -saulted, and their scarfs torn to atoms. The relatives of the deceased, in their carriages, received similar treat ment, having been pelted with stones, and compelled to take refuge in the houses adjoining the cathedral. Lord Monteagle and Sir A. De Vere were amongst those who were so treated. Lord Monteagle is son-in-law of the late earl : Sir A. De Vere, nephew. SPREAD OP POPERY.—The Roman Catholic Directory q. 1845, states that the number of Romish chapels in England and Wales is 501, in Wales 8, in Scotland 73, besides 27 stations where Divine service is performed, making a grand total for Great Britain of 582. Of the chapels in England, there are in Lancashire 98, in York shire 58. Staffordshire, 32, Middlesex 25, Northumber land 22, Warwickshire 22, Durham 17, Leicestershire 15, Cheshire 13, each, Kent and Lincolnshire 12 each, and Cumberland, Derby, and Shropshire 9 each. Of the chapels in Scotland there are in Inverness-shire 17, in Banffshire ■nd in Aberdeenshire 10. In England there are ten catholic college, in Scotland one. In England there are 31 convents and 3 monasteries. The number of missionary priests in England is 666, in Scorlapd 91, making a grand total of 757. THE COURT 4- FASHIONABLE WORLD. NEW YEAR'S DAY AT WINDSOR CASTLE AND THE TUILERIES.—A singular and perhaps unprecedented event will take place on New Year's-day. The Royal table at the Tuileries and the Royal table at Windsor Castle will both be supplied with portions of the same prize ox, the first of the class at the late cattle show. The Queen-Dowager is surrounded by a select party at Witley Court, Prince Ernest of Hesse Phillipsthal and Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar have arrived there on a visit to their illustrious relative. ROYAL BENEVOLENCE.- Her majesty has presented the British and Foreign Temperance Society with a dona tion of £25., and the Queen Dowager a donation of £2O. THE QUEEN DOWAGER. - Eight hundred families in the neighbourhood of Hampton Court, Hampton, New Hampton, and Teddington, received by the kind charity of the Queen Dowager, three pounds of beef and two quartern loaves on Christmas day. Her Majesty's Royal Charities of ss. each to upwards of 900 poor and aged persons were distributed last week. The Royal Gate Alms were distributed at the same time to 168 persons, who received 13s. each. Many of the aged poor who received the Royal bounty are blind, and labour ing under bodily affliction. NEW YEAR'S GIFTS.—This evening (being new-year's eve) her Majesty's annual gifts to the poor of Windsor will be dispensed. 180 pairs of 10-quarter blankets will be given to that number of families. Nearly 200 fami• lies, averaging five children in each, will also be supplied (the quantity being regulated according to the number of children) at the same time with beef, plum-pud.iing, bread, potatoes, and ale, and also 1 cwt. of coals to each family. The provisions only which will be presented will weigh upwards of 3 tons. It is expected that Her Ma jesty and Prince Albert, attended by the members of the, Royal household, will be present to be witnesses of the gratifying scene. UNIVERSITY 4- CLERICAL NEWS. PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS.—Rev. C. J. Hawkins, M.A., rectory of Nunbarnholtne, to the vicarage of Sutton-on-the-Forest, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. S. Creyke.—Rev. M. Boothby, curate of Bishop thorpe, to the vicarage of Nonbarnholme, lately held by the Rev. C. J. Hawkins.—Rev. N. J. Ridley, 8.A., to the curacy of Westmeon-cum-Privett, flants.—Rev. W. G. Goodchild, head master of the Free Grammar-school Audlem, Cheshire, to the living of East Tilbury, Essex. —Rev. J. Congreve, 8.A., late curate of St. George's, Doug Isle of Man, to the curacy of Harburgb Magna, near Rugby, Warwickshire.—Rev. D. Jones, 8.D., of Deptford, domestic chaplain to the late Lord Saye and Sele, to be chaplain to the present Lord Saye and Sele. —Rev. J. B. Smith, D.D., head master of Horncastle Grammar School, to be domestic chaplain to the Duke of Newcastle. CHESTER. -On Sunday week, the Bishop of Chester held an ordination in the cathedral of his diocese, when the following gentlemen were admitted into holy orders : —Deacons.—Of Oxford : E. W. Appleyard, S.C.L., and C. Cutliffe, 8.A., Magdalene Hall; R. W. Bush, M.A. Worcester; V. G. Driffield, 8.A., and J. Royds, 8.A., Brazennose ; W. F. Handcock, S.C.L , and T. P. Nunn, 8.A., St. Mary Hall. Of Cambridge : A. Heslop, and J. P. Howson. 8.A., Trinity; H. Jarvis, 8.A., Christ's; A. P. Luscombe, 8.A., and 11. Wall, 8.A., St. John's; E. Marshall, 8.A., Jesus; G. Preston, Queen's; D. Sutcliffe, 8.A., Catherine Hall. Of Dub lin : R. 11. Deme, 8.A., J. Eccles, 8.A., W, Phipps, 8.A., W. C. Magee, 8.A., and W. Guscott, 8.A., Trinity. Of Durham: R. Loxam, 8.A., Of Saint Bees: A. A. Browne, R. K. Bateson, C. Cook, W. Crump, J. Gillies, G. H. Moore, C. Marshall, J. W. Pengelly, G. Pinder, P. Rufford, J. Shooter and W. Wheeler. Priests.—Of Oxford : T. Green, 8.A., Bra zennose, and J. Thomas, 8.C.L., Trinity. Of Cam bridge : F. B. Danby, 8.A., T. N. Farthing, B.A„ H. Jones, 8.A., Catherine Hall; W. H. Kemp, 8.A., Cor pus Christi ; W. J. Monk, 8.A., St. John's. Of Dub lin : J. R. Dunne, 8.A., J. J. W. Jervis, 8.A., and J. Scott, B.A. Of Saint Bees : W. Grant, W. Hayes, H. P. Hughes, W. M. Jakes, H. Nembhard, S. G. Poole, W. H. Pochin, M. Reid, J. Watson, and W. F. Wicks. Literate : J. Pollitt. The Rev. Dr. Scoresby's resignation of the vicarage of Bradford, is said to have arisen out of the fact that the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have signified their disap proval of the Rev. Doctor's plan for the division of his extensive parish. THE OFFERTORY AT HURST.—In compliance with the wishes of his parishioners, the Rev. Mr. Hurst has, with the sanction of the Bishop of Oxford, announced his intention of not persisting with the reading of the offertory sentences every Sunday from the communion table. We can state it as aide' that the opinion of two emi nent counsel in the Ecclesiastical Court has been taken in relation to the leading measure of the Bishop of Exeter, the use of the surplice in the pulpit ; and that their opinion is, that his lordship has exceeded his legal powers in issuing that order.—Record. THE OFFERTORY.—In last week's Gazette it was stated that one of our churchwardens had recently re ceived a letter from the Rev. Mr. Nihil, saying that he should continue the offertory at St. Mary's. Much to the surprise of many here, the rev. gentleman has since suddenly altered his mind. On Sunday morning, after making some very severe and unwarrantable strictures upon his flock, he announced from his pulpit that the offertory should cease from that day at St. Mary's Church ! We always thought the " pressure from without" must be attended with this result.—Somerset Gazette. SALISBURY DIOCESE.—At the Bishop of Salisbury's ordination at Wells, on Sunday week, his lordship ex pressly charged the candidates to make no doviation whatever from the accustomed mode of performing divine service in their respective churches, without first consult ing with their diocesan. It is understood that the Bishop discountenances the introduction of novelties, or, what is the same thing, the revival of obselete practices. This is a satisfactory state of th ngs, seeing that his lordship now exercises episcopal jurisdiction in three counties proximate to the troubled diocese of Exeter—viz., Somer set, Dorset, Wilts. We have authority to say that the Lord Bishop of this diocese, in consideration of the strong feeling which sub sists in many places against the use of the surplice in preaching, has withdrawn his order in respect to that par ticular. To the enforcement of the rubrics his lordship firmly adheres. A circular letter to the clergy to this effect has just issued.—We are authorised to state that the Bishop of Exeter has withdrawn the postscript of his letter to the Dean. The statement made to him originated in a mistake, which has since been explained.—Exeter Luminary.—[The Record states that, the Bishop has been induced to take this step in consequence of an intimation from the Queen. The Bishop has since published a let ter in which he says that he withdraws his order respect ing the surplice, but still continues his injunctions on the other subjects.] VIOLATION OF THE RUBRICS BY THE BISHOP OF EXETER.—A correspondent in the Exeter Flying Post, addressing the bishop, says—" In the confirmation ser vice the rubric expressly enjoins that the bishop shall lay his hand upon the head of every one, severally, say ing, " Defend, 0 Lord, this thy child, (or this thy ser vant,) &c. Now I believe that neither your lordship, nor any of the right rev. prelates, strictly obey this rubric, by repeating the words severally to each person who appears before them, but that you repeat the words in the plural number, either to each rail, or to the whole body of those who apply for confirmation. The difference is doubtless as frivolous as the alterations required by your lordship in obedience to obsolete rubrics ; but to repeat the words in the plural instead of the singular form is a decided vio lation of the rubric on a subject which is not impractica ble ? SACRAMENT MONEY.—A decision of some importance to parishes in respect to the disbursements of sacrament money among the poor has recently taken place. It ap pears that on the Ist inst., Mr. Prior, a gentleman resid ing at Wandsworth, Surrey, placed in the sacrament plate a £lOO. note, enclosed in an envelope, as his offering to the poor of the parish. The clergyman (Dr. Pemberton) took possession of the whole amount, and, without con sulting the churchwardens, went to London, and laid out the principal portion of the money at a wholesale linen draper's in' clothes for the poor. The churchwardens, who bad always been in the habit of receiving half the sacrament money, to be distributed by them, complained to the Bishop of Winchester, respecting Dr. Pemberton's conduct. The bishop's answer was, that he had already decided in a similar case, that one moiety of the alms should go to the clergyman, and the other moiety to the churchwardens, for distribution, and he saw no reason why the custom should have been departed from in this case. INNOVATIONS IN THE CHURCH.—We have been in formed that a meeting of noblemen and gentlemen took piece on Friday week, to consider the propriety of adopt ing some active measures with respect to the present dis turbed state of the church on those matters which have recently been so much the subject of discussion. The meeting, which had been convened by private circular, took place, as we are informed, at Lord Howard's in Belgrave-square. The proceedings were all preliminary, but a committee was appointed to draw up for approval a memorial, to be addressed either to the Queen or the Archbishop of Canterbury, as may hereafter be deter mined. It was agreed that there should he another meet ing, as we understand, at which some definite course will be determined upon ; but at the time the meeting was held it was supposed that there was to be a meeting of the Bishops, to consider the state of the church with respect to the recent innovations. As it is understood that the meeting of the Bishops will not take place, the further proceedings of the parties who met on Friday will not now be delayed to await its result.— Times. EXETER DIOCESE.—Dr. Bull, the canon residentiary of Exeter, has publishes] a dignified and respectful answer to the Bishop of Exeter's recent letter to the Dean. Dr. Bull's reply spews that the Bishop has yet, although he alludes much and often to his old age, a lesson to learn in the school of discretion. He appears to listen to every one who is of his party, and immediately to write and act upon the information he receives. The Residentiary denies in plain words, from first to last, the heavy charges contained in the Bishop's letter to the Dean. He does more—he challenges the Bishop to produce, " to name" even " any one layman in the city of Exeter who will state that " he " attempted to prepossess his mind " against the contents of the pastoral letter. Dr. Bull absolutely denies that he went out of his way to proclaim his own sentiments, or make partisans, or promote agi tation. He says plainly, " I attended no meetings, I sought no interviews. I offered no suggestions ; in a word, I lied no communication whatever with any of the parties (most of whom I know not even by name) that have been instrumental in convening the parochial meet ings." A very numerous meeting took place at Newton Abbot, (Exeter diocese,) on Christmas-eve, at which an address to her Majesty, as temporal head of the church, was agreed upon, praying her to take measures to secure the peace and welfare of the Established Church. This meeting was held in sight of the sexagon stone, which was the base of the market-cross, on which the Prince of Orange ascended, and stated his acceptance of the call to the throne, on the day after he landed at Torbay, and slept at Ford-house, adjacent to the town of Newton Abbot. On the site of this sto e are sculptured his decla rations respecting Protestantism, &c., so that a more appropriate site could not be chosen for expressing those feelings which now so possess the minds of all men. WORCESTER DIOCESE. —At the ordination of the Bishop of Worcester, on Sunday week, his lordship strongly exhorted the young men assembled for ordina tion, against yielding to the innovating spirit of the times, and showed clearly that the sermon formed no part of the sacramental service. As to the surplice, his lordship said, " You are directed to use the surplice only when reading divine service or administering the sacraments; you then appear in your proper character of priest or deacon, ap pointed to minister in holy things; but when you preach you assume the character of a teacher, and as such your proper habit (if, indeed, proper or improper be fit words for a matter so utterly insignificant) is your academical gown, with a hood, denoting your degree at the university." On the subject of the prayer for the Church militant, his lordship observed, that " upon this point the rubrics are certainly inconsistent. In that which immediately pre cedes that prayer the following words occur : " And when there is a communion the priest shall place upon the table so much bread and wine as be shall deem sufficient, after which is done the priest shall say,' Let us pray for the whole state of Christ's church militant here on earth." Did this rubric stand alone, there could be no doubt that the prayer for the church militant was to be read only when the sacrament was about to be administered ; but another rubric occurs inconsistent with the above, at the conclusion of the communion service, where we read " that upon Sundays and holydays, if there be no com munion, shall be said all that is appointed at the commu nion until the end of the general prayer for the whole state of Christ's church militant here on earth." It is difficult to account for these two contrary rubrics, which appear to have been inserted at the same time, that is, at the second revision of the Prayer-book in the reign of Edward VI. ; but as they do exist it is not extraordinary that the clergy should have felt themselves at liberty to observe which they pleased, and partly on account of the length of the service, so distressing to those who are in advanced years, partly on account of the awkwardness of being obliged again to exchange the gown for the surplice. this prayer became gradually discontinued. And here I cannot but observe, that the disuse of this prayer is of itself a proof that the surplice was not worn in the pulpit. LAW 11VTELLIGENC, LIBEL—At a special court, held at Castletown, Isle of Man, on the 19th instant, Mr. Robert Farghar, proprie tor of the 'tfona's Herald, was convicted of a libel on Mr. W. Dumbell, one of the directors of the famous Isle of Man Joint-Stock Banking Company. The jury, for some time, persisted i❑ returning no other verdict but that of " guilty of printing unlawfully, but not mali ciously ;" but the court would not receive it. They found a verdict of guilty, strongly recommending the de fendant to the merciful consideration of the court. The sea-worthiness of a vessel called the Reliance was the subject of a case (Johnson v. Chapman) tried in the Court of Exchequer on Friday. The Reliance was lost in her passage from Aden. to Siam, and the Neptune Assurance Company refused to pay the amount of policy effected with ihem. The case for the defence was, that the ship was unfit to be sent to sea. The ♦essel was in sured for a voyage from London to Newcastle, thence to Aden and Siam, and for her return voyage; and the So licitor-General, for the Neptune Assurance Company, contended that the question for the jury to decide was, whether on leaving port she was seaworthy for her whole voyage, "and not whether she could stagger out to Aden or Moulmein, there to be repaired." Was she capable of going the whole way in her then condition ? The vessel had been reduced from 1E red to ./E black before she sailed, but it was contended that this reduction of her class could not affect the policy, as the owner was not aware of it till after it had been effected ; nor was evi dence called to prove that if the reduction from ./E red to black had been notified to the underwriters a further premium would have been payable. The Chief Baron ruled, that if the vessel was seaworthy to go to Moul mein, and it was intended that she should there be re paired, that was sufficient. Seaworthiness might i e from one port to another. The learned Judge charged the jury that the Reliance was well calculated for the purposes for which she was destined, and that in point of law the seaworthiness of a vessel must be taken in refer etice to the trade to which she belonged. The jury re turned a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages, £1,544. RAILWAY INTALLIGEACE. The West London Railway, which for a long time has been struggling for an existence, is at last to be purchased by the Birmingham company. The sum of £60,000 is, it is said, to be paid down, and the line to be completed to the Thames near Battersea-bridge, the West Lon-lon Company to receive one•fourth of the gross annual re ceipts on the present West London line. The South Western Railway Company have purchased the Guildford Junction lice. The sum of £75,000 is to be paid on the completion an single line of rails, £20,000 to be paid therefrom to the patentees of Prosser's inven tion as compensation for the non-adoption of wooden rails. It is understood the purchase is absolute, whether the projected Guildford, Chichester, and Portsmouth line be granted or not. RAILWAY BILLS.—The railway comm'ssioners of the burd of trade base issued a new form of ra IA ay bill, which is required to be adopted by all professional agents during the next session. This bill comprises about ten pages of letter-press, in lieu of one hundred and fifty pages, of which railway bills formerly consisted. The mode by which this reduction in bulk has been effected is by referring to certain general acts, which are intended to be passed in the next session, for consolidating all the clauses usually to be found in railway bills. The drafts of these intended acts were laid on the table of the House of Commons at the end of last session. RAILWAYS AND THE BOARD OF TRADE. Parliament, in its wisdom, says the Railway Record, has appointed the Board of Trade to the onerous duty of arbitrating between all competing lines of railway. Ga zelle notices have issued from the board, declaring its in tention to investigate the relative merits of competing railways, and, pending this investigation, a long manifesto against the sincerity and honesty of the gentlemen con stituting the board of investigation appeared in the Times newspaper on Monday last. The article, which is not editorial, bears strong evidence of having emanated from some of the " monopolist" party, seeking to be considered as p ssessing a vested interest in existing lines, wh'ea they have so often laid claim to that at least they imagine they possess it. Though no decision of the Board of Trade has yet been published, it may readily be imagined that a committee of ministerial officers, acting in the capacity of guardians fur the public, will be a most unpalatable tri bunal for the old railway directors or " dictators," to submit to, who, conscious that such a tribunal will consi der the public weal of more consequence than sharehold ers' dividends, tremble by anticipation lest they should not be allowed to hold their own, and seem to think that bombast and insult are the best protective measures they can fortify themselves with. If the writer had allowed roason to be his guide, he would have seen that the board of trade must have taken the course that he deprecates so strongly. Their position and mode of treating the present railways must be similar to the course adopted by the le gislature towards the turnpike trusts on the introduction of railways. The public advantage must be considered, the private interest sacrificed. More direct lines, where they afford a more decided benefit to the commtrity, cannot be allowed to remain in abeyance because they are hurtful to the profits of existing circuitous rail ways. More improved systems of working must be adopted, when ascertained to afford very great additional security and advantages, and an extended and wise policy would encourage improvements instead of seeking to disparage, and also making them the vehi cle of attack on a government board, whose position and integrity of action render them beyond the suspicion that the writer of the Times would insinuate aga'nst them of being influenced with a preference for and interest in some " new patent." There is no doubt that this is meant for the Atmospheric Railway—an invention which many first treated with contempt, trusting to the security of their imagined unassailable position ; but, subsequently became alarmed at the progress it was making, and then employed every means to bring it into disrepute ; opposed it in both houses of parliament, but without success, and without being able to establish any one point against it. Is it the reflection that the melancholy accidents on the Midland Counties and the South Eastern Railway (which could not possibly have occurred with the new system) may militate against their interest, which induced the ungenerous remarks we have had occasion to notice ? Or is it disappointment to find that they are unable to check public opinion in favour of the system of working that they denounced—for several hundred miles of railway now seeking parliamentary powers are proposing to work atmospherically ? Does the writer fear that such com panies have a great claim for preference at the hands of the Board of Trade, who, with equal or superior lines, say—" We are well convinced of the perfection of the at mospheric system—our engineer recommends us to adopt it. Every proof given by the line at work in Ireland is such as to convince us, beyond any doubt, of its perfect success. There are seventy miles at present under con struction (on the Croydon and South Devon Railway), and part will be opened before we begin our lines. We offer velocity, cheapness, and perfect safety to the passen gers, and no annoyances to the proprietors where the line passes; at the same time, if any unforeseen circumstances prevent the possibility of adopting the atmospheric sys tem, we offer to give the locomotive. The ti me h as passed when interest and monopoly can be allowed to check the onward course of improvement ; and the best security for public patronage is now to make such changes of system and arrancrement as will ensure the greatest amount of accommodation at the cheapest rate, the re compense for which will invariably he found to consist in the greatest return for the capital invested. SA LB OF GUAN O.—On Friday, a cargo o f guano , com prisirg about 550 tone. from Smith's Island, off the coast of Africa, a considerablo distance from Ichaboe, was sold by auction, at Glasgow, and brought £4 6s. 6d. to £4 is. 6d. per ton in bags. The quality of this description is inferior to the averaze from Ichaboe, and the few yes sets which were loading et Smith's Island were expected to clear away all the guano to be found on it. Dec. 31, 1844• RELATIVE EMPLOYMENT FROM AGRI CULTURE AND MANUFACTURES. The return for Great Britain (exclusive of Ireland) set forth the occupations of 6,851,045 persons, out of a PP lation of 18,655,981, the rest being women and childre9+ and unemployed dependents. The total number of ad'u;, males whose occ u p a ti ons are re t urne d i s , h owe ver, b ut 4,248,914, who may be t a k en t o cons ti tu t e th e heads ofa families in this country. This bears out the usual pro' portion, which allows to each head of a family an av end addition of three for wife, child ren , servan t s , an d dependi ents. However much the e m pl o y men t o f wo men and children may come i n a id o f th e i n d ustry o f a c ountrl , it needs no argument to pr ove th a t t h e most va l ua ble ca . cupations are those which employ th e a d u lt ma les, the beads of famili es , u p on w h ose we ll-d o i ng t h e comfort f the remainde r o f th e p o p u l a ti on mus t c hi e fl y d epen d. ; is especially in thi s res p ec t th a t th e super i or advantage(/' agricultural empl o y men t cons i s t s . I n t h e manu f ac turing districts a man send s hi s w if e an d c hild ren to the and each individual o f th e f am il y swe ll s t h e num ber 0 1 the manufacturers in the oc cu p a ti on returns. In the agricultural districts adult m a l es are c hi e fl y em ployed; and it is, therefore, but com mon j us ti ce t o ta k e i n to ac count their families, who, with th emse l ves , are su pported by the cultivation of the soil, th oug h fi gur i ng to a veil age small extent in the commissioners' abstract. Let us refer then, once m re to this important document, and strike the balance between manufacturing and agricultural oc cupations. _ Allowing for an error admitted by the commissioners ,. agriculture in Great Britain employs 1,559,278 persons, and manufactures, of all kinds, 1,140,906; leaving a i balance of 418,372 in favour of agr i cu l ture , as regar ds v dividual employment. But, of the above number, the adult males employed in agri cu lt ure are 1,265,264; whils", the adult males engaged in all our manufactures are but 579,446: agriculture, therefore, maintains 685,818 famili es more than manufactures. In other words, agriculture io this country provides for the subsistence of 5,061, 056 human beings, and all our manufactures combined main' fain but 2,317,784, showing an excess in the value of agricultural employment over manufacturing of 3,743,2 72 persons ; and, were the Irish returns to be added to this, the d'sproportion would be infinitely greater. Com merce and trade, in all their multifarious avocations, only employ 1,459,963 male adults, or 194.691 mere than agri culture ; but the Irish statistics would also turn this scale in favour of agriculture. The disingenuous art of the Leaguers generally induces them to mix up the numbers employed in trade, commerce, and manufactures alto gether, and thus, by false comparisons, they have circu lated the numerous statical fallacies which have been too readily swallowed by their credulous supporters. The commissioners' returns, however, clearly establish that, even inithe manufacturing portion of the United King dom, more than twice as many people are supported by agriculture than by manufactures. If the interests of agriculture and manufactures were really opposed to each other, as the Leaguers frequently assert, and arpear to believe, though they as often deny it, this would still be an unanswerable argument against sacrificing the greater interest for the sake of the less. But the avowed object of the league manufacturers is the extension of our foreign exports ; and, even should there be any truth in the allegation of divided and oppOS ing interests, the manufacturers for the home and colonial markets must be arrayed on the agricultural side, leaving the small fraction of those engaged in foreign exports alone to oppose them. The annual value of our manufac turers has been variously estimated, but certainly at least two thirds of the whole are consumed at home ; and of the remaining third exported a very large proportion is absorbed by our own colonies. Of all our various manu factures there is only one which alleges that it depends more on the foreign than the home market, and that is the cotton manufacture. Now, how many adult males does this boasted cotton manufacture employ ? But little . more thin one-tenth of those engaged in agriculture—via. - 138,112, of whom considerably more than half must in reality be given to the home trade. At tue outside, those engaged i❑ manufactures for the foreign export market cannot exceed 120,000, or, including their families, 480,000. The real case of the league, therefore, is, that, for the sake of promoting a trade wt ich now gives sub sistence to 480,000, we are to sacrifice, or materially in jure, an interest which directly maintains 5,061,056, and indirectly supports upwards of 2;000,000 of those depen dent on manufactures. This is the policy of the league apostles—the new lights of free-trade philosophy ; of its wisdom, as well as of the honesty or sanity of those who promulgate it, we may now leave our readers to judge. THE NEW ROYAL EXCHANGE.-OPENING OF LLOYD'S. An important step towards the complete occupation of this edifice by its former tenants was accomplished on Thursday by the great commercial establishment known as Lloyd's taking possession of their splendid and com modious apartments. It is now seven years within some ten or fourteen days, since, by the destruction of the old Exchange by fire on the 10th of January, 1838, they were, deprived of their apartments. They c e r t a i n l y h ave gained most materially by the change, though in the interval they have been exposed to great inconvenience by the narrow accommodation afforded to them at the Old South Sea House. The rooms they now occupy have been so recently described that it is unnecessary to notice them now in much detail. Toe great room in which the banquet was given is now' fitted up with three ranges of mahogany tables and seats, each table accommodating four underwriters. At the north end is a lobby entrance, divided from th e g reat room by a screen, having a small room or enclosure right and left for hats, great coats, &c. The warming and lighting of this room are considered for business arrange ments as perfectly successful, whilst, to provide against the inconvenience of dark and gloomy weather, two bude lights are suspended from the ceiling. The only remark we have heard made amongst the occupiers was, that the chandeliers are considered too plain and slender for consistent effect with the room in which they are hung. The Commercial Room and Captains' Room are fitted up with sea's •nd benches of mahogany, and richly carved mahogany stands are placed all round the tom, for the reception of newspapers from all parts of the world.f The Captains' Room is the coffee•room department of the establishment. Here there is a bar, with kitchen and offices attached, for supplying merchants and the sub scribers with coffee, sandwiches. &c. Lloyd's Committee, under the superintendence of Mr. G. R. Robinson, their respected chairman, met for the first time in their board-room on Saturday last. In con sequence of the holidays not much business was transacted in Lloyd's that day, but their rooms were a good deal crowded by the subscribers and their friends ; and the increased accommodation and convenience were subjects of much satisfaction and congratulation. IRON TRADE IN WALES.--W. Crawsbay, Esq., in anticipation of an increased demand fcr railway iron, 1 10 determined on the erection of an extensive steam rail-mill , in addition to the already numerous rolling-mills at the Cyfartha Iron-Works, the cutting of a foundation of which was commenced on Monday morning. It is to consist of a double set of rolls, saws, and shears, and other necessary appendages for the completion, if necessary, of upwards of 2500 tons of finished rails per month, and all to be worked by one steam-engine of very large dimensions oe the long pressure principle. A great number of fresh hands have been employed, and many will be, as Mp- Crawsbay is anxious that the whole should be ready in months time. This extensiie addition to the work is estimated to cost, at least, £25,000, and will give regular employment, when ready, to about three hundred persons. A new bar-iron rolling-mill, also consisting of two sets of rolls, was started at these works for the first time 00 Friday morning last. This addition will give employment to a great number of fresh hands.—Stvansea Journal. EXECUTlON. — Notwithstanding the great exertions made to obta'n a commutation of the sentence, the exe' curios of Mary Gallop, for the murder of her father b 9 arsenic, took place at Chester en Saturday. The cu lprit since her conviction had exhibited the deepest contrition• Her removal fro m Ch es t er C as tl e to t h e p l ace of exece n on, in front of the City Gaol, took place at midnight on, Friday. O n p ar ti ng w ith M rs . B enn i on , t h e matron 0' the Castle, the culprit was much excited, and expresse d her fervent thanks for the kindness she had invariably rec,ived at her hands. After partaking of some coffee 5h 5 retired to rest, but her slumbers were short and (1 t.irbed , and, at an early hour on Saturday, she again engaged in devotional exercises with the respected chaplain of the Castle. In the course of the morning Mrs. Haswell (the governor's wife) supplied her with some refreshinen! , when she broke forth into lamentations for her past ini' quitiee, but expressed her conviction that she should soon be in heaven, where, she alleged, her father had goq' At 11 o'clock she received the sacrament of the Lord h Supper, and appeared to engage in th e serv i ce w ith muc feeling, continuing her devotions till 12 o'clock, when th e executioner made his appearance, and pro cee d e d t o pinio n , her, an operation to which she submitted with the most perfect docility. She appeared, however, to be inwardly convulsed, and suffered so much from exhaustion of body that it was found necessary to carry her to the ' , allows O r/, the chair on which she h a d b een seate d. A last" farewe ll " was then taken of her by the chaplain and M. Rose , and immediately the platform fell, and she soon ceased to live. The culprit would have been twenty-one years O, age next March. She was s h or t o f s t a t ure , an d w:hatinil be termed good-looking. Sh e wore a bl ac k stu ff dre/' and plaid black and white shawl. It may be remembere d, that, some few months previous to the murder of Mr. Gallas his wife was found with her throat cut, when herself an, her unhappy daughter were the o nly in ma t es o f the bottle; and public opinion prematurely fixed th e mur der of h e mother also on Mary Gallop. The latter, however, ' e t throughout, utterly denied having had any particiPstroP in Mrs. Gallop's death. SEASONABLE FESTIVITIES.—The gaiety that reig°,, supreme at this festive season, when friends and love r assemble at the social board, or w hi r l i n the giddy mar es of the dance, induces both sexes to he more than usual d: sirens of shining in personal attr a cti o n, and to devote greater share of attention t o th e t u i! e t. It is, at this par ticular season, that the virtues and singularly happy 1 ) °, ), perties of those auxiliaries of p ers onal beauty, RowLAND , KALYDOR, ROWLAND'S MACASSAR. OIL, and RO T . t L r A e sN whilesD:taSl: ledOwtnhheoitNepreaaorr\dysheseiwntaeonipitirekeee-tehmnfeiocnrkemt,itaticiiieitni rich uirable t p xr o o up vril r hi e e of their inestimable qualities ! The august patrooog conceded by our gracious queen , and the several S ove, _ ther ig circles cl of e s o f Europe. princely together . d regal a the h m e ti fi t: c e e s n e which e an a d d e t r oo P ef efficacy t confirmation iese,,reati,e by r • e e n x .o p y e a r t t i zce sp o e f ei t fi h c e s, h infallib leaven eh characterized them with perfection, and given them a celebrity un i P,, railed. They have proved the theme of the poet ; t ae l l e are celebrated in the periodical lit e r a t ure o f the ill cisilized world ; the lays of Byron, and the voice of universal press, hare proclairred the incomp ara ble v,' g tires of the " Oil Nlrtead:.;ar,'' Rua of its accompanY l/1 preparations.