The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-05-12 00:00:00

LAW INTIMLIGENC.4 Armed, I do not in bow the potion who ohaold n the charity could be decided. If the report trustees disagreed, then it would ators to bring the new trustees Be rt as defendants in the present or some other luestion raised on the evidence de stood at present the former defendants, had no interest in and the VICE•CHANCELLOR'S COURT, T t to the re fore the c 3efore SIR L. SRADW ADY lIEWLEY'S Dnounce a were the onl question. As ,troth sets of petitioners under km's order asked to have the report confirmed, ins :he objections which on the affi kd each other, or which each other had e case are sas useless to consicie observation than •elators objecte to having M because Messrs. Ross, Finlay, Fair, and Pringle appointed trustees, b eca use they were, as the relators said, members of the Se Church of Scotland; and to having Messrs. n L °* dale, Barbour , Rolf , and Thompson trustees, Y s „,, two were members o f the Church of Scotland. But they suppose they they of whom be bad selected from member s of congregations in were—the decree had not said that the north of England in connexion w ith the P res byterian trustees, though it had said in effect that a Unitarian kirk of Scotland, two from the members of congregations s enter or Church of England-man ought not to be thestrils similarly situated in connexion with the Scotch Secession But Ido not understand upon the evidence that trustee. Church, and the w remaining three from the English Indepen- and the others were members, of the secession, and M L a , r. ons dent Dissenters, ho were the relators in the cause. The dale and the other persons were members of the Church of two first bodies of Di sse nters p ra yed by their petition to con- Scotland. It was clear upon the evidence ' that in L firm this report o f the Master a, but the Independents menu- Hewley's lifetime there were congregations of Presbyter ensyter ter that the future trust should be composed solely of mem- in many places in the northern counties—for instance, at Master Whitehaven — con sistin g wholl y of natives of England. But ben of their body ; and, t h ers fore, as ked that th e might be directed to review his report. His Honour said— English Presbyterians did not cease to be English Presbyte- In this case the Attorney-General, at the relation of Samuel tiara merely because they were in amity with the Church of Shore the younger and others, by amended information, Scotland, or the Secession Church, or the Relief Church ; stated that during the times of the religious persecutions of and Presbyterians in the north of England, congregations of the English Presbyterians and Independents, and other per- both denominations, in amity with the Secession Church and sons calling themselves godly dissenters from the Established the Church of Scotland, had actually participated in the be- Church, in the time of Charles 11., Dame Lady Sarah Hewley refits. Tynemouth, Alnwick, Long Cramlington, Lewick, stood forward as the protector and supportor of the ejected Morpeth. Penrith, Great Salkeld, Plumpton, Penruddock, ministers of St. Bartholomew's -day (1662), and of the persons and Carlisle, and from them had sprung up Presbyterians, calling themselves godly who were non-conformists, and who some of whom were in amity with the Established Church of were subject to pains and penalties in those days for their Scotland. In some of the congregations there were some na forms of wors that by her trust de ed of 1704 it lives of Scotla nd, but they were few in proportion, and some was declared religious that the tru hi t e es and managers should, in their of the congregations of the charity—of the orthodoxy of both disposition and distribution of the charity, have a primary re- sets of Presbyterians there was no doubt. From many pas gard of such objects thereof as should then or thereafter be sages in the evidence it appeared they held the Westminster in York or Yorkshire, not excluding those in other places confession of faith, which substantially agreed with the Arn aud counties. That in the hospital deed of 1707 she directs cles of the Church of England. " And I see no reason the surplus to be distributed and disposed of to poor godly said his honour, " why gentlemen belonging to these coil preachers and - their widows ; that up to the day of her deah gregations, or the ministers of them, though Scotch by birth, she was satisfied with the persons she bad appointed to .be yet resident in England, should not be trustees." Objections the trustees of her charity ; that the Rev. Mr. Shelton, the made with reference to the distance from York, orfrom being trustee first named, was anon-confo rmist. The information e ngaged in business, applied to the relators' trustees, as well also stated that Dr. Coulton, the riginal preachet I t. as to the others, and had nothing substantial in them. The Saviour's Gate Chapel, York, whose ministry Lady H ew t eY relators objected to the report because two were selected out attended, and was her spiritual adviser and her sole e xe • cu is o te r r , of each set of Presbyterians to be trustees, and only three of is named another of the trustees, and Mr. Hodson, minister the Independents, The number seven could not be divided of the hospital, was one of the attesting witnesses o f S ir in proportion to the number of churches of the different p That Hewley's will, and private chaplain to Lady ; "evlie t the ties, or to the number of individuals composing their li ar- Lady Hewley died in 1 71 0, that the d_ssenters rom ches. If four Independents were appointed , tl c ur ley would established church within the protection of the toleration act have a majority of the whole number. The of William and Mary, at the time of the foundation of these gave a preponderance to the larg er body, numbers adopted , over each of the two charities, and for whose s whoa efi these charities were in- others, but not an absolute majority y ofthe . whole, and in tended to be applied, ande now commonly orthodox that respect I think the master right. The real objection dissenters, were desirous of having a judicial declaration urged by the relators against the other petitioners, viz., asssenters, to the proper mode of administering and distributing that persons such as the modern Indepen dents these charities. That the great body of dissenters die- only persons that Lady Hewley intended shotid were the tinguished in those times by the names of Presbyterians, ticipate in her charity, Bannscnotl think, be - 1 i i d lever par- Independents, and Baptists, differed amongst themselves present petition but very fit there ( s t m e i c d ü b pon the solely in articles of church government, but as to its Divine persons before the court legally to argue the • e some origin. and as to forms and ceremonies, and as to the articles w ith the relators, which must be judiciall question fairly of faith, and religions adoration and worship, they were all words of Lady Ilewley's deeds. What Lady Hawley per agreed among themselves and the English Church. One sonally or privately felt or thought, or what it i sh part of the prayer of the information was that the ministe rs alive, she would feel or think on the questio'n diseewereinow of what was called the Unitarian belief or doctrine, or w h o fore the court, it might be difficult to say, but, considering e ss ( he were what was commonly called Unitarians, were not fit her piety and benevolence, it was probable that thoughtshe objects of Dame Lady Sarah Hewley's charity. Another an English Presbyterian would have approved of the xe part of the prayer was, that such dissenters alone a7_w er e e r tions which the Established Church of Scotland, more e rigidly r* now commonly called orthodox dissenters can becotis Hew- Pre u s l b d yrian had recently made in favour of the Jews, and as coming within the meaning and intention of Lady of benefits r o o ter t. have been delighted to ponder upon the details of the ley's charity, or be entitled to participate in themessesaing narrative which had lately been published by inclusive decla her charity ; that they therefore asked for an _, a r . Bonner and Cheyne, two of the missiona • ries from of the proceeding that church. The order I shall ration. It appears from the full report a witness of Mr. make with reference to the in the House of Lords that Dr. John Pye Sm i t h, he firmly pe t ition Park and others, Mr. Thompson and the for the relators, deposed he had nod oubt, and that Coulton, Mr. others, e a t nd the amended petition of the Attorney General. believed the same, that Lady Hewley, Dr. and reputed must ti,eir b costs confirm the master's report, and to give all parties Hotham, and W. R. Shelton were Trinitarians, to out of the estate; Mr. Park and the others, Mr. nomination Tho to be dissenters. He could not affirm of what had no doubt cordin g repson and the others, having but one set of costs they were, were, but as a matter of probability he denomina- the . b t e o f Lord Cottenham's order. As to the petition of they were of the Presbyterian or congregationalof the term exceptli • December, 1812, he should make no order upon. tion. That the ordinary sense and meaningo the time saine re to an g n iv e e all6s e ar e ties their costs out of the estate in the Presbyterian or Presbyterian dissenter at or . articular Ct . b utr.order must be made on all the four ty, - was a p pe i ions, it must be p refaced with the statement 1 have of the foundation of Lady Hewley's chart d'ff fralready ' Establishment, who i e mentioned. class of separatists from the The Rev. Thomas two other classes in external discip lin e. h believed Lady Hew- The suit by the executors Scales, for the relators, deposed that e Rev. Mr. Hotham, Na- Carl( brining Com • bi of the late Lord Audley v. West ley. Mr. Bowles. Dr. Coulton, the ey. H andWm. been finally ij ' any d w Dublin has been so long pending, has Nlartus ot amp settled in üblin by the Lord Chancellor. The thaniel Gould, Timothy Hodson, i tbe beTimothy company were decreed to a £65 4 ' • Hotham, were all dissenters, and tha f the congegational in default their interest • P y ,00 within one month, or Hodson and Nathaniel Gould were o called word as any otherproperty in the mines would be sold, as well they may possess. elate, and that the rest were of the class the word or term also deposed that used as In the Consistory Court on Wednesday, the suitor for the rises. Dr. Bennett to was common ly restitution of conjugal ' • ' . Prisbyterien at the time referred denomination of Eng-rights, instituted by the Earl of Dysart the name or description of a class or I rge and intlti- !gainst H his countess (the father and mother of the were so a bankrupt Nish Protestant dissenters, and they 11 dissenters. Now a llegation ential a body as to give the name to and Bthe evidence that I had been given in on the part of the countess, and the statement in the inforrdation the direct purpose of th e took of Lord Dysart were objected to. The judg e have noticed all seem as if made for the decree according to time to look into the pleas before giving his opinion. procuring an inclusive declaration have secondly mentioned, THE TOWNSEND PSERAGE.—The Morning Chronicle of that part of the prayer which I entitled, and not merely a Thursday says, the public is probably inclined to pay very that is, a declaration of who wereth decree of the 23d of little attention to the proceeds in the House of Lords, ih but declaration of who were not ; that Unitarians were not respect to the Townsend peerage. It beholds with calm w t Deceinber, 1833, merely declared and it ordered that the difference the zeal with which Lord Brougham bestirsh• in fit objects of Lady Hewley's charity, d, and all the other de- protect his order from the intrusion ofof him to persons mean defendants, John Pemberton Hey, w°°ember of the Church of birth, and though his lordship appears to think that heaven E ng l and, including Mr. Palmer , a m be i n g the trustees, sub- and earth would come together if the " son of a brewera England, should be re from t an d that it should be Huntingdon" were to insinuate himself into the peerage, the t trustees, and managers of the chari y,to appoint proper per- British people have not yet to believe that thef fortunes of ordered to be referred to the master aa , managers t hereof, in mankind would be in any way • seriously affected by such a sons to be trustees • sub-trustees , a ove of a proper scheme result. The allegations, on which the Townsend family the room of the defendants, and to t_lPP e r in mentioned, and re- found their application for the trial of the right of succession y for the application of the funds re therein ehrer directions until after are simply these :—The present Marquiss Townshend mar s erved the consideration a all firth . onfirmed by the re- tied a lady of the name of Gardner, from wh he vybich is c . Bruce, who having had issue um separated, the master had toadehis report, cellor knight no by her. Lady Townshend applied for a collection of his honour, vice-Chu that that the delaration was divorce in the ecclesiastical courts ; but, without getting 't was second counsel for the relators, 5 ent Lord Chancellor went through the form of marriage with Mr. John Marget' i s ' the Pre s framed in that exclusive form, for elators, desired it should lived with him as his wife for many years, and had a large ' of Ireland, who led the cause for the rde co-extensive with the family by him. The children of this marriage, as they r be so, and that it should not be Lna ins i v e, but an inclusive up, assumed the title of Earl of Leicester (the second title ' prayer. which not only asked an exc al o f a n the defendants of the Marquis of Townsend,) and the Lords and Ladies declaration. However, the rempvthe exclusive declaration, Townshend, the Marchioness, their mother, being the legal from the trusteeship, coupled with what the principle of the wife of Lord Townshend, who is still alive ; and according t showed with reasonable clearness ly unorthodox dissenters, the rules of law, and the ordinary practice of the to House of decree was —namely, that not England should be ex- Lords, the conflicting claims of these pretenders to the i but also members of the Chore. i _ ft open t he question, who heritance of his title and estates, and of the rightful heir '''. chided. It went no further, but '' question can only be decided cannot be brought into question until his death. Our forms s ' should be included ; wnhich erdirrctions in this snit, or by f law do not admit of an anticipatory decision respectin either upon a "creel,' o n further decree $o pronounced was ri h , which have not actually accrued to any one. But th g e a decree in some other suit. Lord Lyndhu rst, on the sth Feb.,brother of Lord Townshend complains that his het the joint establishing his just means of brought by appeal before . in accordance w t . 0 . t , a _ claims are fast failing from mere la e 1836; it was affirmed him, - an d Mr Justice Pat es. t to t uts: ; nd that, by the death of witnesses, he is e ps d opinion of Mr. Baron Alderson ecounts of their judge h risk of having no means of substantiatincose It seems, in referring to the p ri n ted a 1 ion that th e exclusiv accrues, a right which he could clearly establish g, when it to the cone us lof the Churchmen a ll owed to adduce his evidence and if he were masts, that they came d the r emove sites right of now. He have his claim dispose d declaration in the degre e, an the trusteeship, calls upon the House of Lords, therefore, h rit ' tr the ri" to as we ll as the Unitarians from anticipators of the ctiasfi v e jt an y d after tef succession to the Townshend title at one ; because none could be included as P d Lyndhurst was sat the . hemming the evidence, to pass an act for b and Lor 'ons Lady children o Lady Townshend. bastardizing except orthodox dissenters, ius faith and °Pim 836 on the evidence, that in her relig o the 6th o f March, 1 , of the c c 5.......-___ Hewley was a Presbyterian. °lnd others, ministers b upon the petition of Mr. Park . a., „nd____upon a petition aty Presbyters of the northest of r- =- Titters of congrega ions —Lord Cot- Mr. Thompson and others, ministers Cumrland . . ers Penrith, Carlisle, Penruddock, ill that the petition ordered ma ster tenham, then Lord Chancellor, g o in before the ibertC to proper persons should respectively be at 1 propose and to era of the estate and watch the proceedings, and roa nage e considera to be trustees, sub-trustees, and r eserve the seems in the petitions mentioned, a far as i t gOes, _ 5 Ist that orthodox tion of the costs. That order, tboug Lady Hew to indicate that Lord Cottenha rticipators of . did not English Presbyterians might be Pa s that bis lordship of the ley 's charity, or at least it show end if we look out d by his lord think they should not partake ; words use no doubt dry terms of the order to the very Sharpes note, " Sutton ht The wor d s ship as they appear on o .r. . thoug .. bat his lo rdship • e this will be an can be entertained of w ot herwise he de were, " Something meat be done, t the meaning of t independent charity, which is n°Lord Henley, the aster, the House amt." On the 16th of December the appeal to t made his report. Then followed w hether que s tionsndhurs of Lords far the purpose of deciding directed six to be was right. The House of Lords dire nd q uestion was— at put to the learned judges. The Personssecond are p ro per objec to description of ministers and P . i 0 s Several of the judge s ht 'Unitarians of the trust deeds of 1704 an L ri e thong One of the Jo g s members oft he gave their answers. that the ht the Uni were included ; another thoug h t • thong all included; sl- these xceptions, Church of England were wh e • enters But, tartans were to be excluded. its l orthodox diss ht that S42 a decree of agreed ; for all seven thoug h August, 1 , decree,and were to be included. On the 5t Lyn atUrSt S the House of Lords confirmed Lord honour), Lord Brougham the decree made in 1833 (by big acl the appeal from his being present, who had and heacrcording to the written bonour's decree in 1833, and 'PI?, L rd Cottenhani, who by 0 Lord Cotte n report, concurred in what was saidwith costs. _ 'n proposed to dismiss the appe he judgment of amrroance i. • t- His lordship ham's observation in moving o rtant. d the House of Lords was very ca, v I I P could o nly be judge says—" The intention o . • of Lad' Hew " de eds. If that used in the of by. the language and terms feelings or preferences can is the law, no evide nce of her ceedings to this cause be regarded. I consider from the pro of the coMII3OII law, it is to be collected that nine i udgestwo late Lord cave the present Lord Chancellor, and the and the House of cellos., Brougham and Cottenharne or th odox dissenters may ti Lords, were of opinion that Englishwley's charity, but participate in the bene fi ts of Lady eremains to be decided whether it be their opinion or not, it irt. i _ ate. Before by decree who are the persons who shal Pa, i c P this cause placed in this question has been determined, and c ourt is in effect, such a state that it can be determined, the f the 20th of by the petition supported by the relator Thatof petition asks December, 1837, asked to determine it. original petition that the report may be reviewed. It was an lof Decern _ of the relators only, but by the order of the lit tition of the bet, 1842, it was amended so as to become the pe Thep rties who Attorney-General at the relation aforesaid. • petitioned Lord Cottenham in March, confirmaSO p he r, Ann a petition praying that the report might be D ernlB-12, ther petition was presented op the . 17th of li erelation afore - the naafi* of the AttOiney-General, at te h , 0.36, m ight said, praying that the order of the 16th of Marc , s. order was be discharged or varied by the addition that such • e on the without prejudice to any question which mightaaris dany pro master's report, under the same or otherwise, n ~. • afores ai d a il eeedinfts in the cause; and that for the purpose . 0 , - necessary directions might be given. Upon the heari ng of in these four petitions, counsel for-the crown appeared and t. sisted.that the master's finding was right, and that the orde. of the 16th of March, 1836, ought not to be dischargedf It appeared on the discussion that the order of the 16th oe March, though it was not in form expressly said to b made by the consent of the ;andsel for the crown, yet n e l cr toga was virtually so made it was agreed by all th 1 for the crown, the relators and the other p . etition eotinSe for the etitioners, either , that any order I should make p withthis t te era, • st the report, should be prefixed , s ,, a - for or agai n at the time with my own band : The raent, which I wro te crown desiring that the Attorney-. General's counsel for t he hould be heard upon th e merits stated man pet ition in this CAUSE s er a s if the or der of the Ith of in it, in the same n ma d e upon the Att orney- March, 1 836, had been named in it h t ou t admitt ing hat order shou their o in befor e the mas er, be consenting that the petitioners t w a t liberty tog therefore , th at the order r i g ht so to do.!' It appears to me, be set aside for want of the 16th of March, 1836, could no td of Joshua Wilson, of of form. The master had approve Woodlands,Temple; J. Highburv-Place, El, a member of the of near Clapham, of Leeds, sq. •, J. Hodgson, Esq. • Ro- Halifax, Esq. ; Thomas Londsdale, of Car lisle , _,_ _ _ sc. s Finlay, of Ne bert Barbour, of Manchester, Esq. ; jaraeCarlisle, Esq., to castle-on -Tyne, Esq., and James Ross, of f York, a mem be trustees ; and the Rev. James Parsons, o Pigott, of her of the Congregational Church ; Mr. James _.... Bowden, of Kingston - York ; Mr. Pritchett ; Mr. James h►of Liverpool ; upon-Hull, merchant; the Rev. Hugh RalP , as Fair, the Rev. C. Thompson, of Tynemouth ; Mr. Thom . James Pringle, of Frencbfield, in Cumberland, and the Rev. The ques of Newcastle, to be sub-trustees and managers. h a nd tions on the four petitions were argued at great lengt e time that with great ability before me, but it struck m eat th the real question before the court —viz., whether prope r p er was in a grea t sons were named as trustees and ma na g ers, degree overlooked and confounded w ith another —viz., wh o were the persons entitled to participate in the benefits of the trusts , and I, therefore, thought it right, before o des he real question, to read over the pleadings , a nd the ma dersin the case, as well as the various historical and other re ports referred to by the relator's counsel, andopeplied by' the relators, and all the ffid ' • s ° , jam am a avits • an, i ying , of opinion the master's re o t ' • to be D r was milt and ought soofirmed,—for this ' - 'unles s it reason, moat especially, that bad been fina affirmed the Unitarians-frorr ter proceeded to appoint new trustees Protesta diriction administra- and rev mined of the trust a' RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. The farther opening of the Bristol and Exeter Railway to Beambridge took place on Monday. The serious illness of Mr. Brunell, the engineer, prevented any exhibition of re joicing, except such as the inhabitants of the district, who very naturally took a lively interest in the event, spontane ously offered. From London to the further terminus the distance in use open, is now 171 miles. It is expected that the line will be opened throughout to Exeter next year. OPENING OF THE PARIS AND ORLEANS RAILROAD— ' The inauguration of this road took place on Tuesday week according to announcement, the directors having resolved that they would be before those of the Paris and Rouen Railroad in the inaugural _Me, although on one line of rails a small portion is not completed. Four trains, containing about a thousand persons, who had received invitations, and chiefly consisting of men distinguished in politics, literature, and science, left Paris ; the band of the 23rd regiment of the line and of the 3rd regiment of dragoons, performing enliven ing airs as each train took its departure. Their Royal High nesses the Dukes of Nemours and Montpensier, in full uniform, and attended by a brilliant staff, arrived at the Paris Station at half-past seven, and accompanied by the ministers of the interior, public works, and commerce, and the prefect of the Seine, visited every part of the establish ment. The princes, accompanied by the ministers above mentioned, their staff, and a number of other distinguished persons, amounting altogether to about 200, left by the special train at a quarter-past eight, which also conveyed the band of the 23rd regiment of the line. The train reached the Orleans Station at half-past one. A large crowd of the inhabitants was waiting to greet the arrival of the Royal Dukes. Shortly after their Royal Hignesses had alighted, the Bishop of Orleans and his clergy went in procession, accompanied by the princes, the civil and military authorities and the crowd, to pronounce the benediction of the railroad, at a small temporary altar which had been erected' for that purpose. The Bishop, M. Fayet, having performed this interesting portion of the ceremony of inauguration, the princes returned to the railroad, where a room had been fitted up for their reception, and at four partook of an elegant col lation, which had been provided for 110 persons. The train with the princes left Orleans at five o'clock, and arrived in Paris at twenty minutes past nine. The time occupied gen erally in going and returning was about four hours and a quarter, but of this one hour was taken up with three stopp ages on the line for the inspection of the carriages, and other objects inseperable from the opening of a railroad. During the whole passage 102 openings are given for roads of various descriptions to cross the line on a level with itself; 498 pas sages are formed under it for roads, rivers, rivulets, &c. ; and 35 passages are constructed above it by bridges of vari ous sorts. The Paris and Orleans Line, with a branch to Corbeil, was authorised by the law of July 7, 1838, and was partially modified by other laws passed in August, 1839, and on July 15, 1840. Five years were allowed for its completion but the works have been executed much within that period. 'the portion to Corbeil was opened to the public in Septem ber, 1840, and in January, 1841, the portion from Juvisy to Dsleaus was begun-- The Paris Station is situltett on the Boulevard de 1' Hdpital, and die line terminates at Orleans on the left of the Port Bannier, at the foot of the rampart. The whole length is about 75 miles, and is constructed with the double line of rails. The country through which the line passes as extremely picturesque, and historical asso ciations are not wanting to add 1 .11 charm to various spots within view in passing. There is not a tunnel on any part of the line, but there are several splendid works of art. Michael Hayden, the celebrated Irish pugilist, died in Cork-street Fever Hospital, Dublin, of fever, on Tuesday. A subscription is now raising for the purpose of presenting some testimonial to Miss Martineau, whose state of health precludes any literary exertion. - In 1828, when the duty upon cigars was 18s. per lb., duty was paid upon 8600 lb. In 1830. when the duty was reduced 9s. per lb., duty was paid upon 66,000 lb. In 1836 duty was paid upon 141,600 lb. There has lately been discovered in a garden in the hold ing of Mr. Edward Perry, near the glass house, about half a mile from Chester, a huge marble stone, containing about 140 feet, and estimated at ten tons weight. We have authority to state, that the office of Governor and Constable of Windsor Castle, vacant by the death of the Duke of Sussex, will be conferred on his Royal Highness Prince Albert.—court Journal. A baker in the western suburbs of this place, this week, advertises the four pound household loaf to be sold at three pence halfpenny, and the fine at one penny more. This is said to he a return to the prices of the middle oflast century. —Perth Courier. - - - At a wedding last week at Gainsborough, the third car riage was observed to go and return from church empty ; on inquiry it was found to contain two large black crape rosettes to represent a brother and sister of the bride,lwho bad been dead several years. DOG STEALERS AND RECEIVERS.—We learn from the London papers that petitions are in course of signature, " praying that dogs may enjoy the same p ro te c tion as horses and other cattle, viz., by rendering the offence of stealing and receiving dogs, knowing them to have been stolen, a felony." DISCOVERY OF A TIPPERARY ARSENAL.—TWO or three days ago, the constable of police belonging to the Clough jordan station, discovered, secreted in the breast of a large ditch, and folded up carefully in flannel, two guns, four pistols, a bullet-mould, and a powder-horn. The guns and pistols were in good order, and all well loaded and fit for immediate use.—Nenagh Guardian. MAY 9 at tiok the matisy go dsti ct "" H* l 4 o e Stated thet the bank was instructed n ot to deduct hereafter the ineome tag from thosewhowere this year exempted, provided their amount of stock continued the saute as at present. HOUSE OF LORDS.—MONDAY. Sir R. PEEL declined to say whether the same proposition The Marquis of CLANRICARDE moved for a select eom- as to the sugar dutie s had been made to other countries as mittee to I consider the operation of the Irish poor law, had been made to Brazil. stating a number of circumstances illustrative of the neces- The house then adjourned. city of inquiring thoroughly into the system. He thought the present law never could give satisfaction to the people of HOUSE OF LOR D S. — TUESDAY. Ireland, and one should be adopted upon a wholly different principle. He did not wish to delay the bill which was now The Earl of RODEN referred to the agitation in Ireland province he was more immediately p b e e n g d o i i n n g g i o n n a d no u t r h in e g r p u l , a e c p e r , o b g u re t ss he of t t h h o e u b g i la ll t . the inquiry might for the repeal of the union, stating that it had given rise to greater alarm and distrust amongst the loyal portion of the The Archbishop of DUB LIN seconded the motion. He had population than had ever before existed. It was true that paid great attention to the working of the present law in Ire- in Ulster, with which P land, and unless it was most materially altered the growing connected, the people were sound and loyal, and were ready opinion in Ireland that it could never be properly legislated to do in 1843 what they had so effectually done in 1798. He for by the Imperial Parliament would be much strengthened. quoted what had been stated by Lord Althorp and by Sir He could say of his own knowledge that since the passing of R. Peel on former occasions, and concluded by asking if the Irish Poor Law the number of the poor had materially Government were aware of the dangerous excitement pre increased, and mendicancy had also very much increased, 'ailing in Ireland, and whether steps would be taken to put and there was the additional evil that one effect of the law a stop to it ? had been to dry up the sources of private charity. He would The Duke of WELLINGTON said that the Irish Govern not say that the Irish Poor . Law Bill was an attempt to raise ment were quite aware of the extent of the agitation and money on false pretences, but he would remind their lord- consequent excitement in that country, and of the danger ships that it was brought in with a view to suppress mendi- which might possibly flow from it. Every attention had city. They had, however, rejected the clauses for the pur-, been givers to the subject, and the Government in this coun pose of putting a atop to mendicity, and passed the remainder try had adopted measures to enable the Government of Ire of the bill. ' land to preserve the public peace should any attempt be made The Dnke of WELLINGTON opposed the motion. He ad-• to disturb it. It was the determination of the Government mitted that there were many defects in the Irish poor law, to maintain inviolate the integrity of the empire, and he but the object of the noble marquis was to have the law alto- had no doubt they would receive every aid from Parliament gether repealed. • This he would not consent to. for he had in so doing. the evidence of several of his noble friends near him that the' Lord BROUGHAM said their lordships would not hesitate law was upon the whole satisfactory, though it required alter- unanimously to concur in the sentiments expressed by the ation. There was at this moment a bill In the other house to noble duke. A severance, as it was called, of the legislative remedy its defects, and when it came before their lordships union, meant in fact the disruption of the empire. To pre such alterations might be Proposed in committee as would vent such a disruption of the two countries, the whole force remedy - the evils complained of. A s t o any wan t o f a tt en tio n of the kingdom, moral and physical, would be at once put on the part of their lordships to measures relating to Ireland, forth at the first intimation of its necessity. he must say there was no such inattention. Wh en th e ques- The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said that the Government Lion of the poor-law was formerly before the house, he re- might confidently rely upon the aid of the house in its efforts marked that much anxiety was evinced by their lordships on to maintain the integrity of the empire. both sides respecting the bill which then passed into law. The Marquis of DOWNSHIRE said, that what had just The motion was withdrawn, and their lordships adjourned. taken place afforded him the greatest satisfaction, for it was highly requisite that attention should be directed to the pre sent excited state of the people of Ireland upon this question. Lord CAMPBELL presented a petition, which brought the question of the Scotch Church once more under discussion. The Marquis of . Bri.EarsLeaNE pressed Lord Aberdeen to declare what Government would do upon the subject. Lord ABERDEEN said he had done so more than once, but he had no objection to repeat what he had already said upon the subject. He should be very glad if he could prevent the disruption of the Church of Scotland, which it was said would follow the,secession of some of its ablest ministers ; but if the church insisted on claims inconsistent with liberty, and with the recognised principles of law in this free Protestant country—if they sought to establish a tyranny which it would be odious and degrading to submit to, it was impossible to support them. The principle which he was prepared to re cognise was the right of the people to object, and the right of the Presbytery to judge. After some further discussion, in which the Duke of Ar gyll, Lord Brougham, and Lord Campbell took part, the petition was laid upon the table, and their lordships ad- Varliatitentup 3earetbitit6, HOUSE OF COMMONS.-MONDAY THE BUDGET After some business cit - i - ninnrirr4.Ortance had been trans acted the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER laid before the house the financial affairs of the country.. He much lamen ted, as had been stated by her Majesty in the early part of the session, that owing to the depressed state of the coun try, a great deficiency in revenue had taken place. A great falling off was also to be attributed to the repeal of the import and other duties, for which the property-tax and other duties had been substituted in order to meet the annual expenditure of the country. But owing to the new duties being charged from the time when the old ones were repealed, they could not be made available until the period of collection arrived which could not occur until eight or nine months after they were imposed. The Customs duties were estimated, by his predecessor, at £22,500,000 but after ma king the deductions required by the alteration of the tariff, the ultimate produce would be, only £20,750,000; £500,000 of widch arose from the duties on wine alone. A reduction of £200,000 had taken place in the duties of imported foreign spirits. On timber the loss had been calculated at £600,000 but it had amonted to £676,000. Though the loss on the last quarter of the year, viz :—from January to April, was only £87,000, showing a revival of the timber trade. The same was the result with coffee up to January last, the loss was very great but owing to revival of trade in the last quarter the loss on the whole year would only amount to £48,000. though, if the statement had been made in January, the loss would have been £llO,OOO. Upon smaller articles the loss had exceeded the calculations, which were about £270,060, but the loss - had amounted to £316,000. The duties bad, however, in creased iu a degree out of proportion, when compared with antecedent years, which indicated a materialimprovement in the trade of the country. There had been a large increase in the amount of tea imported, amounting to 1,000,0001b5. weight. There had also been a larger quantity of coffee im ported, but it had not been sufficient to counteract the loss occasioned by the reduction of the duties. In sugar, pepper, a olasses, and other articles (enjoyments of the people) there had been great increase, which denoted the improved condi tion of the working classes. In qlive oil, which is much used in the manufacturing districts, the quantity had in creased from 1,500,000 gallons to 3,800,000 gallons. The • . quantity of cotton admitted for home consumption had risen from 450,000,0001b5. to 537,000,0001b5. The revenue from the Excise had been estimated, including the duties on Irish jourited, spirits, at £13,700,000, but the produce was only £12,500,000, showing a deficiency of £1,200,000, £BBO,OOO of which arose from the deficiencies of the malt duties, owing to the badness of the barley crops in 1840. With the exception of paper, soap, and a few other articles, there was a general decrease in the excise duties. Instead of £350,000, as was anticipated the increased duty on Irish spirits had produced only about £56,000. £200,000 had been lost owing to the decreased ;nand for spirits. In England there was a decrease of 200,000 gallons, and in Scotland the revenue showed a falling off of £400,000. independent of the additional duty to which the falling off was ascribed. The estimated produce of stamps was £7,107,000, and the actual revenue only £7,000,000. Taxes were estimated at £4,400,000, and produced only £4,300,000. In the Postoffice there was an increase of £lOO,OOO. Wfth regard to the crown lands, the produce from the ordinary advances would fall short of the estimates by about £31,000, showing on the ordinary revenue a deficit of £2,000,000; but that deficit was diminished by the ran som of Canton £750,000, so that the actual loss on the ordi nary revenue would be £1,280,000. This diminution in the great branches of the revenue was not altogether unprece dented : a favourable or an unfavourable year would produce fluctuations such as those announced. With respect to the property tax, the amount paid up to the last return was £2,500,000. The receipts from this tax, with the exception of payments from the funded property, will not exceed one half the expected amount. He would not recommend the house to get rid of the balance by raising money to meet it ; but would leave it to be repaid by the successive surplus of revenue as they should accrue. But to do this safely, they must take care that the expenditure of the country be kept within the means. The next point to which he adverted was the estimates of revenue for the forthcoming year. He must, however, draw the attention of the house to two heavy charges, which did not forma portion of the ordinary expense of the country. There was a payment for the opium seized in China in 1839, which amount to about £1,250,000 due to the East India Company for operations in China up to the 30th April for that year. He would exclude both these charges from his calculation of the expenditure of the coun try. That war had been successfully terminated by obtaining from the Chinese government a compensation for their ex penses and for their opium, and having obtained these terms it would not be just to call upon the country to defray those expenses. But in consequence of the representation of the merchants, the government had declared that the payment should be made in anticipation, and in England. The opium claim ought also to be dealt with fairly and justly. He there fore should propose that £2,000,000 should be paid on these accounts, to be repaid as the money arrived from China. With regard to the present year, he estimated the customs at I £l9,ooo,ooo—last year they produced £20,170,000, of that sum £1,200,000 was derived from corn, and as be hoped for a good harvest he had excluded that from his estimate. He also recollected that the timber duties would be further re duced in October. He therefore took the estimate at £19,000. He estimated the revenue from the excise at £13,000,000. The stamps he took at £7,000,000, being about the same as last year. The taxes at £4,200,000, being about £200,000 less than last year. The crown lands esti mate at £130,000. The ordinary miscellaneous be fixed at £250,000. to which he would have to add £870,000 paid by China, which would be carried to the Consolidated Fund. Add to that the property-tax at £5,100,000, making a total of £50,150,000, as receivable from the revenue of the year. The expenditure of the country appeared to be pretty nearly according to these estimates, the army £6,619,000. This includes the charges for the commissariat and the militia. The navy £6,383,000; the ordnance £18,500,000; the mis cellaneous, including sundry smaller rates, would not exceed £3,000,000. That included £36,000 towards Canada, which last year was charged separately. The total of the charges would be £49,387,000, which, deducted from the calculated revenue of £50,000,000, would giye a surplus of £700,000, which would go to the reduction of this deficit. Mr. F. BARING, wished.to know how it was that while the right hon. gent. propoSed to repay £2,000,008 moon the future proceeds of the Chinese money, he yet had taken credit for £870,000, - while he made no charge whatever for the repayment of the £2,000,000. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER.—I am glad that the question has been put, as it only escaped me from inad vertence. J propose to advance the £2,240,000, due for the opium clainis, and the £BOO,OOO due to the East India Com pany, and the lion. gentleman really wishes to know why I should not appy,this sum to the satisfaction of the demands made on the publiO revenue on behalf of China. I stated in a former year, that I thought the first claim on the money received from China should be the repayment of our expen diture for carrying on the war. He explained that there had been received, on account of the expedition to China, £2,580,000, by payment from that country, pursuant to treaty. That was in addition to the sum of £1,500,000, granted on account of the service of the war, and to which the right bon; gentleman (Mr. Baring) had alluded. lie thought he was . not wrong in stating that £3,000,000 would be sufficient to mvet the expenditure of the war in China, and the opium compensation. The amount of the opium compensation would be about 6,000,000 dollars. Mr. LABuUCHERE asked if no alteration was to take place in the duties on sugar? Mr. GOULBURI. said be bad no intention to make any alteration. Mr. F. BARING contended that the government had proved themselves to be both false critics and bad financiers. The revenue had produced less by £2,000,000 than the estimate of Sir K. Peel, and all that they had got out of the pockets of the people by means of the income tax they had lost on articles of consumption. The coal tax and their Irish spirit duty had turned out to be failures, and the latter had led to considerable demoralization in Ireland by encouraging illicit distillation. — They - should - try - 10 - increase the revenue by a reduction a the day on auger, butter, elleebo, and wool. They had reduced the duty on coffee, and it would be no harm to enable the people to purchase sugar to mix with it. Sir R. Pt EL contended that such reductions had taken place in the T grest articles of consumption, in consequence of the measures'df last session, as would amply compensate for the income tai' to all economical householders. So far his prediction was verified, as was also the prediction that core-. merce would revive as a consequence of the reductions in the tariff. There were also apparent very decided symptoms of a revival of manufacturing industry, although the iron, coal, and some other branches of trade, were in a state of great depression. As there was still a deficiency, he hoped the house would not press any reduction upon the government. In what a position the country would have been had it not been for the income tax. No measure more effective, or less objectionable, could have met the difficulty ; and although the revival of trade had been delayed, yet the owners of pro perty would, he was satisfied. sustain the income tax against any attempts at its repeal. It would have been most agree able to him to be enabled to propose a further reduction of of duties; but, in the present state of the revenue, lie could not feel himself justified in making any such proposition. Lord J. RUSSELL said that the budget of the late govern ment contemplated the benefit of trade and commerce, while the financial measures of the present government, without that object, still contrived to preserve the whole of the de ficiency for which they had to provide on entering office. The noble lord contended for the reduction of the duty on sugar, which would be quite in accordance with the new tariff, but the right hon. baronet was batting in the course upon which be had started, and nothing would be done for the commerce of the country. Mr. Hurr asked whether it was intended to reduce the interest on the three-and-a-half per cents? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he should be guided by circumstances. Mr. LABOUCHERE contended for a reduction of the duty on sugar, though he feared if the right hon. baronet came to deal with that subject he would act as he had done with the timber duties. The result of the right hon. baronet's policy would entail the income tax on the country not for three but for ten years. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he had no means whatever to ascertain the amount of the frauds which had the commission perpetrated o n t e of inquiry very cn s tom- ou se. the report been of he shortly, rt expectedly,and would lay it before the house; but that would only refer to the amount of fraud which had been discovered. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER stated the mode in which those parties from whose dividends the income tax wai deducted, but who had not an income of ..€350 a year, might HOUSE OF COMMONS.-TUESDAY In reply to a question from Lord JOCELYN, Sir R. PEEL declared that, on the part of her Majesty, he was empowered to re-echo the sentiments expressed by the Sovereign and by the legislature in 1834, with respect to the agitation for a repeal of the union. The government were aware of the necessity of preserving the public peace in Ire land ; and although they were unwilling to call for fresh powers for that purpose, yet they would not shrink from doing so should the necessity arise in order to put down the attempt at the dismemberment of the empire. (Cheers.) Mr. VILLIERS then moved the following resolution, "That this house will resolve itself into a committee of the whole house, for the purpose of considering the duties affecting the importation of foreign corn, with a view to their immediate abolition." The hon. gentleman said that the subject had been so frequently discussed, that it might be considered to be exhausted ; but latterly a change had taken place in public opinion upon the corn law, owing to the exertions of the Anti. Corn-Law League, however its exertions might have been in that housd under rated. The distress of the country had compelled the people to think, and the result was the aban donment of those arguments by which the corn law had been hitherto supported, for the act itself was abandoned last year, and a less stringent one pissed in its room, while it was de clared that this was chiefly done for the benefit of the agri- cultural labourer. In fact, the law was altogether condem - net by public opinion, and the termination of its existence onl! awaited the sentence of the legislature. It had been pro ductive of nothing but mischief—it had interfered with the employment of capital and labour—had diminished the means of consumption—and deranged the transactions of a com mercial nation. Since the year 1838 there had been paid for food no less than sixty millions more than in the four pre ceding years, the result of which was an abstraction of capital, the decline of the home markets, and, as a consequence of that decline, the glutting of foreign markets, until our merchants became ruined, and our whole population were plunged into a distress so deep as not to be paralleled even by the horrors of war. As a proof of the increase of distress, he stated that the number of casual poor relieved by the sity of London in 1836 was only 925, whereas in 1842 the number amounted to 2933. The use of wheaten bread was denied to ten millions of the people—a fact as startling as it was dis graceful, whiles plague had arisen in Louisiana, because for want of a market the produce was left to rot on the ground. Pitiful remedies had been proposed, but the master evil, the corn law, was left untouched, though it interfered not only with commerce but with agriculture also, by raising deceptive expectations as to prices, and thus preventing such an equitable arrangement between landlord and tenant as would tend to develope the real capabilities of the soil. At the close of a long speech the hon. member warned the house that the people would not long submit to this law now that it had been openly avowed by Lord Fitzwilliam, Lord Melbourne, Lord John Russell, and Lord Mountcashel that it had been passed for the express purpose of upholding the landed interest. M. V. STUART seconded the motion. Mr. GLADSTONE at once announced the determination of government to leave no doubt whatever as to its intentions. He denied that the Canadian Corn Bill which was to be pro posed was any amendment of the corn law of this country— it was, in fact, but a portion of the measures of the last year. The corn law, no doubt, like every other commerciallaw, was an experiment, but it was also to a certain extent a con tract, and it would be a positive breach of faith to attempt its repeal until its operation had been fairly tested. The legislature, by its course of proceeding heretofore, bad con ferred certain protection upon the - agricultural interest; in consequence of which capital was embarked in its operations. A moral obligation was thus incurred, which the country had no right at once to shake off. He could not agree in the argument that the present low prices of agricultural produce were favourale to a repeal of the corn laws. On the con trary, however favourable to the mass of the community, those prices would not enable the farmer to support himself under a further reduction. He deplored most sincerely the sufferings of the people, but comparing our present with our past position, he must say that the means of su b s i s t ence , both as to quantity and quality, during the last ten years, was far better than it had been two centuries ago. The price , of wheat at this moment was rather lower than it had been during the ten years immediately antecedent to the war. The corn law of his right hon. friend had been in operation but one short year—in many respects an extraordinary year, for the spring gave the most unfavourable indications of the abundant harvest which followed, and all calculations in the corn trade were consequently baffled. Under these circum stances the law, he contended, bad not had a fair trial. It was most absurd to charge the landowners with obstructing improvements in agriculture, and it might seem paradoxical to term cheapness a misfortune; but if wheat in America could be bought for 225., and brought to this country for 10s. more, without the payment of any duty, the sudden change of price would, in his opinion, be a great misfortune to the country. The change which had been last year made in the corn law was introduced with the intention of relaxing the stringency of the sliding scale, and of relieving the commu nity with the slightest possible injury to existing interests. The unexpected abundancy of the harvest had interfered with the intended result ; but although prices had fallen, he did not think it fairly attributable to the law of last year, for under the old law prices would have been lower still. If this country had a free trade in corn with America, it would have to pay for that corn, under existing circumstances, in gold, which would produce most serious effects on our currency. The right hon. gentleman concluded a very able speech by declaring his belief that government would be unworthy of the confidence of this great country were they to assent to the motion of the hon. gentleman. Mr. ROEBUCK said that, in 1815, the landlords consulted their own interests, by keeping up high prices and high rents, by means of a law prohibiting the importation of foreign corn. This was the original reason for establishing the monopoly, and it was mere hypocrisy to deny it. He denied that a free trade in corn would have the effect of draining the country of bullion, for in fact the corn must either directly or indirectly be paid for by our manufacturers, and it was a mere bugbear to say that the effect of it would be to leave no gold in the country. He contended that the speech of Mr. Gladstone, though abounding with statistics, had but one argument throughout — that in reference to the importation of corn from America. He would challenge him. when he came to read his speech in the morning, to pick out one other grain of wheat from the bushel of chaff. He did not think that the immediate result of free trade would be to render all the people prosperous; but a free trade in corn would introduce a larger portion of food, and the greater the proportion introduced the greater would be the quantity which would fall to the share of each individual labourer. He concluded by declaring that he would vote for the motion of Mr. Villiers. Mr. MILKS then moved the adjournment of the debate, which was at once agreed to. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-WEDNESDAY In reply to a question from-Mr H. W. BARRON, Sir R. Pier. said that the subject of Irish railways was under the uousideration of the Government, but he was not prepared to propose any grant of public money for the pur pose of establishing them. Mr. MILES resumed the adjourned debate on the motion of Mr. Villiers. He denied that the corn law of 1813 was introduced, or had been since maintained, from interested mo tives on the part of the landlords, and contended at conside rable length that the repeal of the corn laws would throw a great number of persons out of employment, besides pro ducing many other mischievous consequences to the agricul tural interest. Mr. WARD argued that this country had in 1815 adopted a measure respecting corn , w hich forced the Germans, who were agriculturist s , to become manufacturers in self-defence. lie denied the truth of the proposition laid down by Mr. Gladstone on the previous evening, that the corn law could be considered in the light of a contract, for when it passed, it was passed in opposition to the exertions of those who thought it did too little, as well as by those who thought it did too much. The hon, gentleman spoke of the distress in Sheffield ; and said expressions of sympathy on the part of the landowners would never satisfy people who were so deeply suffering, and who were so grossly wronged by this law. He was as much opposed to a fixed duty as to a sli ding scale, although he might have accepted it as a compro mise had it been given three years ago. The landowners, however, had neglected a good bargain when it was offered to them ; and it was v er y un likely they would ever again have the opportunity of concluding one so advantageous, for no one now thought o f a fi xe d duty. He had no purpose to serve in declaring his opinion in order to win any constitu ency, for he should most probably retire altogether from Par liament at the cl ose o f t h e presen t session, and under these circumstances he was disinterested in declaring his belief that the landed proprietors were making a deplorable mis take in maintaining the monopoly of corn. Mr. B. COCHItANE said, that last year very considerable concessions had been made by the landed proprietors, with out giving satisfacti on to any vn e, and from the agitation which was kept up throughout the country, he feared, how ever injurious it might prove, that in a few years they would have no corn law at all. Mr. 11. J. BAILI E said that our farmers could not com pete with continental agriculturists, for the Dantzic corn was twenty in per cent. super i or in quality to that which was grown in the north an d west o f England, and also n Ireland. No civilised country ever presented such a state of things as now prevailed in the manufacturing districts. He hoped it would be a warning to other nations, who were now desirous of following the example of this country, to be careful how they attempted to r a i se u p manufacturing communities. Protection was essen t i a l to th e farmer, and. it was a matter pf 311411foinoo whottor 9lat potooticdi Phi givon in thPalnt' 4l pf u fixed duty or by Meaus of a sliding scale. Mr. titsoottNE, as a practical far Mer, said that improve ments in agriculture lessened the quantity of corn produced, for corn was, in tact, the rudest of agricultural productions. He had carefully observed the course pursued by Sir H, Peel since his accession to power, and fout;d him in'the abstract adopting all the principles of free trade, and applying them soundly, to a certain extent, in the new tariff. I3e wa s sorry that a government so strong as that of the right hon. baro net's should stop short in its career, and decline to carry its principles any further. Mr. Gladstone had referred to 2,000,000 quarters of corn lying at New Orleans at 225. per quarter, by which, if the corn laws we:e repealed, the agri culturists of this country would be swamped. But surely the commercial experience of the right hon. gentleman should have taught him that the first symptom of a demand would „ . . so far raise the prices that long before the 2,000,000 quarters were exhausted, it would prove to be no profitable venture to attempt to swamp, by its importation, the agriculturists of England. He supported the motion of Mr. Villiers, confi dent that the adoption of the principles of free trade would be as beneficial to the farmer as to any other class in the cora- munity Mr. CoLnunousr contended that there must have been great improvements in agriculture, or the produce could not have increased as it had done during the last 30 years. In the year 1801 the produce of 10,000 acres of land supported 4,300, whereas in 1836 the same quantity of the same soil maintained 5,500. Was not this a proof that agriculture had improved, and that the improvements had rendered the land more productive. He thought that discussion upon this subject of the corn laws was useful, for discussion would lead to truth ; but it should be discussion divested of all per sonality, and kept within bounds, ,which he regretted bad been exceeded by the members of the Anti-Corn-Law League. He commented upon the language used by Mr. Cobden, defending the aristocracy from the odium which that hon. gentleman had cast upon them in his speeches at anti-corn-law meetings. Lord Howtcx did not approve of the form of the motion before the house, for he was in favour of a small fixed duty, not as a protection to agriculture, but because he thought a. moderate fixed duty would be the best solution of the diffi culty which agitated the country on the subject of the corn law. He was, however, not the less prepared to vote for the motion before the house. for he had the strongest possible feeling that the existing corn law should be repealed ; but if that resolution should be successful, he would be then pre pared to move a small fixed duty. And even should he be defeated on that motion, he would still be prepared to adopt the alternative of free trade. He wished also to have it un derstood, that although now willing to assent to the compro mise of a fixed duty, he was not prepared to say how long he should continue of that opinion ; for the progress of events was so rapid, that public opinion might very quickly' reach a point at which even such a compromise would be no longer tolerated. Mr. BLAcKsvosig expressed the pleasure he felt at the speech of Mr. Gladstone on the previous evening, which was no longer in the strain of unqualified approbation of the principles of free trade, and then contended at some length for the necessity of protecting the agriculture of the country. He referred to the meeting at Hertford some short time since, at which the farmers had voted for a repeal of the corn laws, and said he believed the statement to be true, but that it was the result of a feeling that the alterations made by the government during last session of parliament had caused the farmers to despair, and they were willing at once to see the end ofthe matter in order to know what to do. It proved, and he deeply regretted it, that the farmers were re solved to act for themselves, and this should be a deep lesson to her Majesty's ministers. Mr. WALLACE said the speech of Mr. Blackstone was a manly and a true one, and such as he had never before heard from the ministerial side of the house. The people were in a state of distress, and wanted food ; but, instead of bread, the gentlemen on the ministerial side of the house were seeking to feed them upon old-fashioned and musty statistics. He would be no party to any juggle for a fixed duty—he would not vote for it, first, because be thought it ought not to be, and, secondly, because he thought he could not get it. Still, the corn-law was doomed, and no very distant day would see the termination of its existence. Mr. A. CAMPBELL said he should have been happy if Sir R. Peel had gone a little further in his measures of free trade last year, for he thought it scandalous that butcher's meat should have been at the enormous price of Bd. and 9d. per lb. He was not afraid of a repeal of the corn-laws, although every shilling lie had was derived from land ; but he was opposed to an immediate change, which might be productive of much evil. Mr. BORTHWICK then moved the adjournment of the debate, which was immediately agreed to, and the house adjourned. THE ANTI-REFORMATION PARTY We cannot refrain from noticing the unequivocal and almost declared opposition of Sir R. Peel to those violent and uncatholic views usually designated Tractarianinn in the course of the Church Extension debate on Friday night. When Mr. Plumptre very justly observed, " with regard to the doctrines of the Tractarians, who, according to the ideas of some, exercised so powerful an agency for good in stimu lating the zeal of churchmen, he, for his part, scrupled not to affirm his belief that the uncompromising and unqualified nature of the pretensions which they set up with respect to ecclesiastical power, were calculated to obstruct instead of furthering the progress of true religion, and that the expres sion of sentiments, for example, so uncharitable and un scriptural as those involved in leaving all that differed from them to what they call the uncovenanted mercies of God,' tended to inflict deeper injury on the church than any thing that could be imagined," we find that loud cries of " hear, hear," proceeded from every part of the house, and that the most prominent applauder of this just and true statement was Sir Robert Peel. In order to render his demonstration of applause as signi ficint as possible, the right. hon. baronet thus expressed himself in his reply :—" I certainly entertain a strong opi nion on the points referred to. It is possible I may have implied what that opinion is." We rejoice at this manifes tation of English and Protestant feeling on the part of the Prime Minister of England. Delicate and discriminating as his allusions were to the painful position taken up by so many of the Oxford divines, they were yet worthy of the man and the place of power and dignity to which, in the Providence of Gon, he has been elevated by a people, who believe he will lend his great gifts to the maintenance, in all its purity, of the church of their fathers—a church, retrieved _ from papal error by the tears, and sufferings, and life-blood of sainted martyrs, of whom the world. as not worthy. We regard this manifestation of the sentiments of Sir R. Peel as possessed of greater value, and likely to accomplish more extensive good, than even the allocation of £600,000 to pas toral and parochial purposes. It extinguishes the effort that has been vigorously, and we fear, in some instances, success fully made, to identify the great cause of conservatism with the pernicious heresies of The Tracts for the Times, and shows that the good old-fashioned churchmanship—the churchmanship of Hooker, Hall, and Usher—which we have ever advocated and upheld as the strength of the throne and the glory of our altars, is the creed of Sir Robert Peel. We are confident that it is the creed and the consolation of tha great mass of the English people to whom the Gospel is known. The opposite views, advocated by Mr. Newman, Mr. Palmer, Mr. Percival, and others of the same school, are alien to the spirit, and incompatible with the action, of English conservatism. The advocates of Tra c t ar i an i sm aim at the triumphs of a power essentially popish. They would make the state the drudge, not the supreme supporter of the church—the mere executor of the decisions of ecclesiastics, instead of being the defender of their constitutional rights, and the repressor of their arrogant and unjust pretensions. The theory of our constitution is that of the state recogni sing, endowing, and fixing the church within her spiritual and proper jurisdiction ; Tractarianism would be the church absorbing the state, and attaching to herself all powers and privileges. In fact, if the powers assumed for the church by the Tractarian party be demonstrably divine, England ought to be at this moment, not under Queen, lords and commons, but under a theocracy ; and the opinions of the episcopal bench ought not only to be unanimous, but. in every instance infallible and inspired. Now, ardent and enthusiastic as is our attachment to the church of our fathers—firmly as we believe her to be the ark in which are the living elements of England's freedom, and life, and peace—we dare not so far forget her teaching as to raise her, in our conception, to the level of her LORD, or to regard the doctrinal decisions of her wisest and holiest prelate as equivalent to those of St. Paul.— imq,efthis qf sit that is wiiiirt4 of OW pgdiatilfir OfPfr ; am thgieforo of opinion that it is highly tlebir4bis that their recon:Wienclation aliould be taken before any subordinate Of a prison. is appointed by the magistrates in quarter-sessions. I also recommend that a plain uniform should be issued to the subordinate officers of prisons. * * * * J. It. G. GRAHAM. PRISON DISCIPLINE Sir James Graham has forwarded copies of a code of prison rules to Chairmen of Quarter Sessions, and to the Mayors of Boroughs in which there are prisons. A circular from Sir James accompanies these copies, from which document we extract, as follows, the principle points : I am convinced that it is highly desirable that immediate measures should be taken to introduce consistency and the utmost practicable uniformity into the regulations of the dif ferent prisons. 'Where the crime is the same, the punish ment, inflicted under the operation of the same law ought not to vary either in its nature or degree. * * * I desire to call the special attention of the magistracy to those rules which relate to the diet of prisoners. * * * It is by no means intended that the precise articles of food specified in the dietaries should he strictly adhered to in the table which you may adopt; other kinds of food, containing an equivalent amount of nutriment, may. with advantage, be substituted, when those articles which have been named are either difficult to be obtained in your neighbourhood, or are considered not suited to the customs and habits of the pri soners ; * * * while due care should be exercised to prevent any approach to luxurious living in a prison, the diet ought on no account to be made an instrument of punish ment. * * * I have carefully revised the dietaries now in use, and I have come to the conclusion-- 1. That animal food should in all cases form part of the diet of prisoners employed at hard labour. 2. That a consi derable portion of the food of every prisoner should be solid ; and, 3. That there should be variety in the kinds of food forming the diet, and that f... occasional 1 , .ngoia ere noeoJeary. 't he dietaries which I now offer for your adoption are framed on these principles, and are upheld by medical science, and by the recommendation of persons on whose authority and knowledge reliance may be placed, but they have been framed without reference to the local situation of particular prisons, or to any peculiar circumstances which may render an increase necessary ; they are, therefore, pro posed by me as the minimum amount which can safely be afforded to prisoners without the risk of inflicting a punish ment not contemplated by the law, and which it is unjust and cruel to inflict: namely, loss of health and strength through the inadequacy of the food supplied. * * * * * . . I consider it highly desirable, that in all cases every win dow of a prison and of each cell should be glazed. The ex posure of the prisoners during inclement seasons to the open air is, and must be, attended with serious results to the health ; and it is impossible that, with unglazed windows, the uniformity of temperature can be maintained, which is one of the surest safeguards against those diseases by which the inmates of a prison are most liable to be attacked, and which to persons in their situation are of a most dangerous charac ter. Medical experience has shown that extremes of heat and of cold, and defective circulation and supply of pure air, are productive of the most prejudicial effects upon the health of prisoners ; and that the temperatu re o f a pr i son oug h t to range from about 54 deg. to 60 deg. Fahrenheit. I strongly recommend, therefore, to the magistrates, that they should take into their immediate consideration both the ventilation and lighting of the prisons under their control, with the view of introducing such improvements as may be practicable un der the peculiar circumstances of each prison ; the advice ' and assistance of Major Jebb, a Government officer, will be in all cases available, free of expense, to aid them in effecting these improvements. My attention has been called to the inadequate nature of the arrangements which are generally in force for the purpose of providing prisoners, both adult and juvenile, with religious and moral instruction; and I am of opinion that in every prison, however small, a person really qualified should be engaged to give elementary instruction to each prisoner for a portion of every day; and that in the larger prisons one schoolmaster and one schoolmistress should be appointed, and more than one where a greater number may be requisite. 1 think it highly desirable that every prison should be furnished with a certain number of books of various kinds, calculated to i m p rove th e mora l an d religious feelings of the prisoners; and that the books should he selected by the visiting magistrates with the advice of the chaplain. lam convinced that, for the due discharge of his important duties, a room within the walls of the prison should in all cases be appropriated to the use of the chaplain. As regards the subordinate officers of a prison, the visiting jus tices are more peculiarly responsible for the discipline, order, and state of the prison under their superintendance ; their constant attendance, at the prison tives them an intimate TO MERCHANTS, BROKERS, AND OTHERS The largely increased and most respectable circulation which the Tuesday's Edition of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD has now obtained amongst the mercantile body in Manchester affords its proprietors the gratify ing power of urging this, wongst the other undeniable claims which it possesses, upon the favor of that portion of the mercantile community of Liverpool who desire to bring their advertisements before the notice of buyers in the neighbouring manufacturing districts. In most of the surrounding towns of Lancashire the circulation of the STANDARD is steadily increasing. In Manchester, however, the centre of the manufacturing district, our publication of Tuesday—occurring upon the most im portant market ,day of the Cotton Trade, when its Exchange and Hotels are thronged with country manu facturers, spinners, and calico printers—is firmly es tablished in circulation, and is perused with increased and increasing interest. Under these encouraging circumstances, we trust to receive an increased measure of support from the mer chants and brokers of the town generally ; and it affords us great pleasure to assure those of our friends amongst those classes, who have hitherto bestowed their adver tising favours liberally upon us, of our increased ability to do justice to the interests committed to their care. FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 12, 1843. We have not as yet thought it prudent, or fair, to hazard an opinion as to the step just taken by the Governor-General of India, in the annexation of the territories of the Ameers of Scinde to our Indian empire ; and, even with the information brought by the last India mail before us, we feel scarcely justified in expressing ourselves decisively as to its policy. So far, however, as we are able to form a judgment, that policy partakes too much of an aggressive character, on the part of the government of India, to merit the approbation of the British people. It is not on light grounds that we are willing to see our already exten sive Indian possessions permanently extended ; and unless there have been grounds much more convincing than any which we have as yet seen, to induce to the step taken by Lord Ellenborough, we are afraid that we must withhold from his lordship much of that meed of praise, which the nation so freely accorded to him, for his promptness in retracing the disastrous steps of his predecessor in the struggle with Aff ghanistan. It may be true that the treachery of the chieftains of Scinde, Manifested in the unprovoked attack upon a British officer accredited to treat with them upon im portant international affairs, most fully justified the punishment meted out to them by Sir Charles Napier and his gallant army ; but surely, unless there were some additional motives to actuate Lord Ellenborough —some imperious and overruling necessity--there ought to have existed a middle course—one which - at least stopped short of this otherwise unjustifiable seizure of their country. We had treated with the ameers, as independent sovereigns, for increased faci lities for the navigation of the Indus through their territories. We were met by the jealous fears of the people living under their rules; and what wonder? When has the approach of the British power in India to the confidence of any of the native powers been succeeded by any other result than their speedy sub jugation to our yoke ? The subjects and the chieftains of Scinde feared, and too justly feared, our approaches, and true to the Indian character, sought to ward them off by an act of treachery. But when we had punished that act, and vindicated the,supremacy of British arms, by one of the noblest triumphs ever achieved even by a British force, had we no resource left but the too prompt decision that the territory of these offending people was to be henceforth our own ? Was au op portunity ever offered them for expiation and submis sion ? We have heard of none such as yet ; and we greatly fear that no more satisfactory vindication of this act of national aggrandisement at the expense of a fallen enemy can be offered than has existed for any other of the splendid crimes which have contributed' to render our Indian empire at once a fertile source of the national power, and a monument of the inex haustible rapacity of the British people. It may be that the end of the aggression may he the opening of vast markets to the enterprise of British industry —and hence the eagerness with which we have rushed to the commission of this crime against the law of nations ! It may be that its result may be the pro gressive advancement in wealth and in civilisation of the people themselves over whom we have extended our sway. But similar arguments might have been offered, and were offered, in vindication of that criminal invasion of Affghanistan, which has been, by the per mission of an overruling Providence, so awfully avenged in blood; and we cannot with satisfaction contemplate even the spread of civilisation and Christianity, (which God will work out in his own time,) by means which will not stand the test of a judgment by his laws. At present we much fear that such are the means by which the territory of Scinde has been annexed to the British empire in India. The somewhat unsatisfactory result of the financial year has not by any means taken us by surprise, how ever greatly it may have excited our regrets. The prostration of the resources of the country—the result of ten years of whig misrule—has been much more se rious than it was ever imagined to be ; and, instead of at once putting forth its wonted elasticity, so soon as it had thrown off the incubus which pressed it to the earth, the national industry has been able only to re cover itself so slowly, that the effect produced upon the revenue has scarcely as yet been perceptible. Had it not been, indeed, for the very timely aid derived from the large sum paid into the exchequer as duty upon foreign corn, and the excess, over previous anticipa tions, of the amount derived from the income tax, we might probably have had now to lament over as great a deficiency as that which t . hN adroiniktriiii on of Sir Robert Peel set itself to repair. There is, however, in this result little to create despondence as to our future financial prospects, and, most assuredly, there is little over which "liberalistn" ought to chuckle overmuch. The national expendi ture,—thanks to that wise measure of the present mi nistry by which the industry of the country was re lieved of its too pressing burden of taxation, and the load placed upou the national income,—is provided for ; and with the brightening prospects which are daily developing themselves we have no right to enter tain a fear, that in the course of another year the orii nary sources of revenue will not be ample for the wants of government. If they have not been so already, the cause is very legibly traceable to the disabling influ ence of their past mal-administration. To those flip pant philosophers, who may be disposed to be merry over what doubtless they will call a financial failure on the part of Sir Robert Peel, we would recommend a calm examination of the probable effect of such a budget as was proposed, as the expiring effort of the Melbourne administration, of which an income tax was not a part ; and although the almost superhuman cox combry of Lord John Russell displayed itself, during the debate on Monday evening, in an assertion that that budget, if adopted, would have provided for the government of the country within a million sterling, we apprehend his lordship will find few men quite so hardy as himself to propound with a grave face an ab surdity so glaring. That two or three instances of failure in the finan cial scheme of last year have displayed themselves we are far from denying. The tax upon coals is a failure, as we anticipated that it would be ; and, failur e or no failure, we must continue to maintain its imp n ii cy, and to pray for its removal. The tax on Irish spirits ap- I be any pears also to be a failure , as, indeed, mil TO CORRESPONDENTS. Will," W. S. R." favour us with a call ? On reperusing his c:o►nmunication, it will require, prior to printing, some little alteration, which we are unwilling to make without consulting him. A " Friend to Improvement" is desirous that the Woodside Ferry Company should avail themselves of the most recent improvements in accepting a tender for their new steam boat, and recommends strongly the adoption of the screw propeller. ebr Etherpool at tanDarti. tai irliposoti upon entintrY 01 " 114 with poverty, and so turbulent as is that un happy country. We can scarcely regret, howevern that this measure was resorted to rpther thi a tax upon income in Ireland raised in any other man ner than as a tax upon absenteeism ; for we rather imagin e th a t it is, to a certain extent, to this circurn stance—their immunity, when at home, from the pro.: visions of the tai to which other portions of the peoP ie of Great Britain are subject—that we owe the with drawal, from amongst us, of not a few of the choice specimens of human kind from that country, who hay ! for years past been in the habit of favouring us with their presence, in the British parliament and elsewhere. We would gladly accede to Ireland imm unit y from the income and some other taxes, provided we could keep her legion of spendthrift adventurers in their proper locality—at home. The most poignant cause for reret that we are no , : as yet, in the possession of any ! surplus find in the circumstance that it is not in the power!): government at present to relieve the industry of country from the pressure of two very i n jurious n''' most importani: posts upon the raw materials of our manufactures—cotton and wool. The duty of 3- 16 ! _ manufacturing of a penny per lb. on the former is, at the present pile; income, we of the article, becoming a most serious impediment flow from its repeal. The manufacturing body the i r selves, however, immersed in a factious agitation, di selves, rected to the ruin of other interests rather than W Prosperity ; and the best results you an ything_ permanent advantage of their own, withhold beyond a whispered protest against this heavy impost upon them; and, if they are satisfied, w suppose we must remain so too ! impolitic one That incendiary agitation which, for the past Le six years, has been carried on in Irela nd, to fill tu pockets of a heartless beggar, and to give to a raPe cious priesthood a hold upon the passions, which th e Y have not virtue sufficient to acquire upon the °P el l or talent to command upon the respect, of a mob people, is at length, we thank God, about tobe I ) ; down. We have the assurance of this deterrninatic); on the part of the government, from the lips ef op n upon whose decision and promptitude in the exec tw e e of whatever he deems necessary for the public wet we can fully rely. The denunciation of the r e P; treason, from the lips of THE DUKE OF WELLIN G" os will, we are assured, prove no brulem fain:en -I°ll w et prateria nihil—no artful demonstration t o eleasame in the case of the Whig denunciation of the treason) a projected alliance with the arch-traitor al self ; and from Sir Robert Peel we have the additierint assurance that, if the powers of the law be insuffieleio to reach one who so artfully shelters himself lon ier lis t cover of technical evasions of its spirit, they f once be rendered sufficient by an appeal to the will the legislature. to the If there could ever have existed any dou bt as ry position of O'Connell with respect to the late eleept ment, the conduct of that worthy during the P ir re b e g o session must surely have removed it for ever. Naitsf the Melbourne admini s tration held rule by 3 13 pa anti-English majority in the House of Commn ae ' • 0 could feed him with inspectorships, and other Whig-invented sorts of public Plu a ; could insult the throne with its fawning subs e : 4 ,l o o whilst busily engaged in undermining its founuaca-0014 which are in the respect and love of the peop le ,, he ed propitiate the voracity of rampant Rome by o ut blows and great discouragement" levelled aga in : t o ot commissioner:lntl); National Church,—where was to be found se ' e A po an ally, and so ass id uous a sitter, as him of Derry'' to and Dublin ? 'Who "hovered, like birds of Pr e Y' oo o use the expressi on o f an eminent patriot of their o d of country—" to give their venal votes" at the s °° w ith the division bell, or the ministerial whiPPer-in.o'ioted such perseverance as the members of his fort); 3 , 0 the tail ? Three y ears ago the very gales wa fted fr o the neighbourhood o f p a l ace -yard were redolent ° 1.0 0 brogue of Munster, Leinster, and Connaug ht. e ot °f might have imagined yourself in the Pselloliont College-green, some year or two before t he f toe' listening to the squabble of a congregatlea di % bollY, legged vultures, for the picking of a bon e °; the of poor Ireland in her day of native misr ule ' hil io ceP S being, as you expected to have found yon oeif ' %gel ip a body of British gentlemen and noblemen too°, debating—as .welfare debate some In° d - 0 0° uestion affecting the elfare of a greatsnihnittive But with the fall of the Melh ,ration, and the bre a ki ng u p o f the -Vi e " e compact, how changed is the scene ! A the , b ; Upon every recent debate on Irish subje—:broarig. Bence of the Irish members has been In c* been his And the great mendicant himself—what h as so orny course ? Why has not his burly person be e° s he or mental, or at least a conspicuous, object 1113° li fieos° s6 position benches du r in g the present sess ion ? he ger e , we have no longer a government which, t s u ppor t• bourne administration, will truckle to o bject him fo The / hope of achi ev i ng hi s known traitorous rostrr the dismemberment of the kingdom, and the tion of the Established Church in Ireland'in of his influence in the British Parliament, fivioacoid remains; and he has, therefore, thrown me n t he tio professedly peaceful and parliamentary 14 491 h i ' s osv e devoted himself to the task of precipitating i ° o f of country, as only available means left biliz et ion , summating his pet measures, a repeal insurr e tha t V ea l In this effort we are happy to obser ve na about t o b e arreste d. Th e peace of a greatitidehe"' nation, and th e p rogres sive developme nt of , theact this 0 lion resources of Ireland herself, ar e n° of i endangered by the factious and selfish anbi t v t bet " bold b E d man ," w i t h o ut at least an at tels t ; of P iA made by,th e government t o assert the 01,s:i e .: I : To doo e law, and to prevent impending convulsion• e we bo not that the eff or t w ill b e s uccessful , beea°sooll assured that the authors of it will act Ocala am are in earn es t ; an d as i ts result—aided 13 Y ° '1 revet7o r 'orating meas ures , an d es pecially if ai ded 1160°14 et of that suicidal policy which has of lat e . 00 , pacify the agitation in Ireland by 0110°10000 ho than to strengthen the allegiance of t hat f c t ioo d :11 0 protection afforded to the well-disposed P °. )er iodl so people—we f look for the approach of a I enable" to first for years past—in which she will be . op ti IT 10 0 P reap the full benefits of the act of L' a ai p ottl °° o l o assume her rightful position as an Integ ra a great and flourishing empire. In the I tl i e ie co uri e b o interesting question arises—what will be t Cot o t°o proceeding, under this " great discouragenlwe ofiree, traitorus projects, of the man himself •? dic e to coo p 00 we shall have a few lachrymose aPPe ale ditary bondsmen ;" and but for the innaLe_ot of their utt erer , we m i g ht have matter diverting, and infinitely more dangerous. nation. subject of the ay That an last the discussion of the • Pl ° On Tuesd Wi lk notwithstanding i n ter 0 00 On of Corn-laws was commenced in th e , d uol r mover, that Commons by Mr. Villiers, in one of his us r o i t o being harangues; and we may very safely calculate iiileost• the prolongedanything through the present Week a t t tiloject will be elicited y mg very new or startling ten the'. oubt' working we are, however, so n ' Bon o Illitralile as a discoveries will cotztinue to be imacieteoptil the declaration of the boos, hog thatcorn-law exists as the fertile prom o ter of .be rs ° Already the imaginative t heal Cor i ' ingenuity. law Leaguewould d have discovered that a repeal of lio , 0 311 and hi produce cheap bread for the w orlo s 7 or tilt' prices for the farmer ; high le age _.,,,101e(; urist by the transfer of that more employment agriculturist eal ploY , t or man and cheaper labour for the theelv lorin6l`j and more prosperity O r gent as t, e prosperity to the foreign agriculturist (!)_.: to f e pros duce ') his to the landowner, by compelling. laiTori, IV4 withdrils, income ; improvements in coltivaft retilli equaycwing their reward ; with a varietY corisiSttli with each a stounding, and no doubt equallY aciiieVie: ments. other ! Viewing the extent of the lto avii; o in this line thus far, it is only ratiolla 0 0 ti . public whether much further progress can be made ;coon iii; c will therefore peruse. with no great tilt. ot r ° . variouspouring facts, theories, and opinions, which areio.llo oft: who atg in a continuous stream froin the v i ar th eis eli .o present happily for the world and t the I` occupy in the House of Commons the s , or hand of 1 the Speaker. Ot is 0 With this „ e the .4 1, 11 conviction before us, we have s ore ', o d tion of believing that our readers will , I'o Woo tedious task of nauseating ourselves and t f o r 0 lo t comment debate is new has gone, w e are in possession of ,sl'bip vetib ; and, with respect to the stale rt'v