The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-03-28 00:00:00

6 TO ADVERTISERS. We beg respectf Tortant LIVERPOOL ONLY the attention of eers, and others,. STANDARD +TOW THE NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED WEEKLY ON TUESDAY, hat day by the thousands 3lanafacturers and others attending THE TUESDAY'S MARKET IN MANCHESTER The STANDARD is taken at c 11 the Newsrooms and respectable Inns in that town and the surrounding m facturiny district A SECOND EDITION is published at Half-past Two, in time for the North Mails, containing the MARKETS, and any news of importance that may arrive in the course of the morning Ebt Eibtrpool &tanbarD. TUESDAY MORNING IRCH 28, 1848 'THE fact that a most powerful set is about to be made by the British public against inequality. of taxation, is sufficiently apparent. It is prover bial amongst us, that, so long as we are in a thriv ing condition as a nation, we do not scrutinise very strictly the weight of the burthens which we have individually to carry. Like other animals, when well fed, John Bull does not cavil much against the carver at a single dinner, who helps him to a bone instead of solid meat; but the same John Bull, when subjected to the dietary of a union workhouse, is remarkably tenacious as to the fair dealing towards him of the carver. When in good case, he never thinks whether he does more or less than his full share of work, as com pared with the rest of the world,—whether he ploughs or sows, or spins or weaves, more than ought to be required of him; but put him upon short commons—stint his meat, or his drink, or his sleep—and John becomes a rather obstreperous being. He is in the latter case just now. He has lately been put upon short commons; he feels, in consequence, his constitution slightly debilitated; he has been urged to enter himself as competitor in a race, for which he had taken no previous thought to prepare himself ; and, very naturally, he is now asking himself how it is that one leg should be compelled to drag after it a heavy boot, whilst the other is encased in cordovan; or why one shoulder should have to carry the top weights, whilst the other is let off at a feather. John Bull is uneasy. He has got hold of a very decent cas e of grievance; and he is a personage of this sort, that, when fairly convinced that he has right on his side, he is not easily turned away from the maintenance of that right. The tax-paying public have imbibed, and very justly, the notion that they are paying unequally towards the maintenance of the institutions of our country. We do not refer to the income tax parti cularly, although of that we may have to speak elsewhere. The notion in question, which the pub lic have got into their minds, is, that we have adopted systems of raising revenue in moments of emergency, based less upon principles of fairness and equality than upon the question how, most easily, -such revenue might be brought into our exchequer. We have also remitted taxes, less with respect to their unfair pressure than to the amount vihich they brought in, and their relation to what We could spare. We are beginning now to think that the time has arrived at which we may honestly enter upon the inquiry as to what ought to be the reasonable expenditure of our government, and how it may be met most consistently with the good of the people. We are in the position of a man who has borrowed improvidently—given Jew's interest upon post obits ;—and now, knowing the extent of his resources, wishes to pay his debts honourably, but yet to protect himself from the usurious exac tions to which be has submitted. We have made large remissions of taxation ; tried many experi mental notions. We have adopted a new fiscal policy. We have now to determine at what ex per f taxation that new policy is to be main- iained ; how much, for instance, we are willing to pay forfree-trade. The demand of the British public is, in short, for a system of taxation intelligible in its character, and equal in its pressure; and to secure this they see that they must commence de novo. Pulling down here and patching there will no longer do. The edifice must be reconstructed throughout. The - extent to which this feeliiig has spread, and the rapidity with which it is assuming the character of imperative requiiement, appear at present to be very indistinctly appreciated, as well by the govern ment as by parliament generally. Yet very signi ficant evidence was afforded, during the desultory conversation which took place in the House of Commons on Monday night, of its existence amongst the people. It is true that on that occasion it only took the form of an earnest appeal from all sides of the house for a committee of enquiry and a modi fication of the Income Tax. The government were informed, both by members who had voted with them and against them, in the recent divisions, that they were enduring a pressure from their con stuents, which they felt it impossible to resist. Bbt the same reason will be found to influence them whenever the possibility is mooted of dealing with any other direct tax. The Window Duty is only endured because at present we can discern no substitute for it, and are unable to spare the revenue which it brings in; and, as impeding our efforts to improve the sanatory condition of our population, the public feeling against it is, increasing every day. The duty on tea is one of the most objectionable and impolitic which could be imposed, restricting our commerce with a most important empire, and withholding from the people an article which has become essential to their comfort ; yet our present government dare not venture upon its modification. Tobacco has become absolutely necessary, or is re• garded as such, to the comfort of the mass of the labouring poor ; yet we cannot spare any portion ch it produces. Against these ndividually, a powerful agita- revenue ther in tion is fermenting in the public mind; and it is becoming more evident every day that we can only remove or lighten their pressure by means of a ge neral remodification of the system, by which our revenue is raised. But there is even a still wider question, with which a government possessing foresight ought to prepare to deal. We have a heavy local taxation, the pressure of which the changed circumstances of the community are rendering intolerably unequal upon some classes. For an example of this need, we go beyond our own town ? The merchants of Liverpool no longer live in Liverpool. Even their clerks are fast getting beyond the reach of the overseers and their collectors. Every one, whose id him fast down to the loco our warehouses, and our avocations do not lity of our busy str dOcks, is looking for his country cottage or his villa, or, at all events, escaping over the boundary which separates the heavily rated townsman from the suburban resident. The omnibus has effected a great portion of this change. But the railway is about to do more. For a penny a mile a man may be transported _in as little time, to a pl ace t en or twelve miles away from the bustle, and smoke, and filth of our crowded streets, as he could walk to a distant nart of the town itself; and the migration to suc • --1- onnfined by the want of h places dwellings suitable for occupation. In the mean time, the taxes are left to be met by the shopkeeper and the tradesman, who is, as it were, adfixus glebce, -compelled to remain in his heavily rented shop or house, and to assume an additional share of the burthens which those differently circumstanced have been enabled to throw off. This rapidly in - alteration in the location of our popula -this withdrawal of capital and wealth from their fair contribution towards the burthens of the place from which they draw their increase—must be met by a change in our system of local taxation. We have no other course left open to us. The whole subject, however, must be dealt with promptly. It is one which is full of difficulty, we readily admit. But the position in which the bulk of the community are at present placed, is one creasing which renders it imperative in any government to uffering from die _ prdered trade, when industry is prostrate,_and_even C i apital can barely maintain itself, tt is dangerous Wallow impressions of injustice of any description, 9n the part of the ruling powers, to rankle in the men public mind. To-day we are exclaiming only against imperfections in the machinery by which we are taxed. To-morrow we may be found ex claiming against taxation itself, or against the insti tutions which it is imposed to support. /Loral 44t1us. Mr. Denton has been elected surgeon to the Ladies' Charity, in the place of the late Mr. H. S. Taylor. On Saturday the body of a new-born female child, which had been still-born, was found on the beach, op posite the North Docks. It was wrapped up in a piece of blue cloth. On Friday, as three men were beating about in a boat on the river, a young married man, named James Hackney, one of the three, fell overboard, and did not rise azain. On Wednesday night, or early on Thursday morning, the house of Mr. Ruttimer, situate at Oston, was forcibly entered, and a quantity of silver plate and other articles stolen. COMMITTAL OF A BANKRUPT.—At the Bankruptcy Court, on Friday, a bankrupt, named Roberts, was com mitted to Lancaster Castle for having grossly prevaricated in his evidence, and given a false account of the disposi tion of his property. SUDDEN DEATHS.—On Tuesday morning, Alfred Hunt, who resides with his parents in Brownlow-street, was found dead in bed.—On Wednesday morning. Ann Mit ton, aged 54, who resides in a house in Charter-street, was found dead in bed. The deceased on the previous night complained of a pan . in her side. Both died of congestion of the lungs. SALT WATER BATHING.—Our readers will learn from an advertisement in anoner column that Mrs. Penn's baths, at George's Pier, are now in readiness for the re ception of visitors. This is the season when cold salt water bathing is most conducive to health, bracing to the nerves and invigorating to the general constitution. The swimming bath will be found in a delightful state of purity. SUDDEN DEATH.—Robert Ferguson, one of the crew of the schooner Onyx, a Glasgow trader, consigned to Messrs. M'Arthur and Co., died suddenly on board the vessel, (then lying in the Canning Dock,) at three o'clock on Saturday morning. He was twenty-one years of age, and was in apparent good health at nine o'clock on the previous evening. Mr. Norris, surgeon, who examined the body, found that death had been caused by disease of the heart. THE CELLAR OCCUPATIONS IN LIVERPOOL August last 4634 notices have been served on the owners of houses of which the cellars were separately let off; 400 have been served on the tenants ; and 220 have been served on the occupants of cellars in courts ; making a total of 5254 on which legal processes have been served. From a report lately issued by Mr. Harbord, it appears that at the expiration of these notices 2521 cellars were found empty, 546 were occupied, but did not contain beds, and 205 continued to be occupied in defiance of the law. About 3000 cellars have thus been cleared, and the process of getting out the refractory holders is still going on. THE PATENT JOURNAL AND INVENTOR'S MAGAZINE. —We have received the February and March numbers of this cheap and ably conducted monthly periodical, which we have perused with pleasure and attention. The work is one of the best got up we have seen of our scientific serials, and is replete with valuable information on all new patents, describing all the novelties and improvements recently introduced, illustrated with wood cuts, lists of patents granted, &c., &c. To inventors and mechanical men genera!ly it cannot fail to be interesting and useful, while the price of each number, containing a large quan tity of matter, is only equal to that of a single newspaper —Since a few years ago. BIRKENHEAD.—This township, if we may rely on what has lately been reported, is about to assume a more pros perous career. We understand a deputation, consisting of Baron Goldsmidt, J. Tollemache, Esq., M.P., and William Jackson, Esq., M.P., have had an interview with the Commis,ioners of Woods, &c., the result of which is favourable ; and it is expected the bills respecting the docks will soon pass both houses of parliament, so as to enable the new trust speedily to commence the dock works. In addition to this intelligence the Dock Ware house Company have begun to pay off their liabilities,and have made arrangements for paying by fortnightly instal ments of 20 per cent. each until all is paid. DINNER AND TESTIMONIAL.—The friends of Mr. Brough, late editor of the Liverpool Lion, who is about to leave Liverpool to undertake a literary appointment in the metropolis, met on Tuesday night at Mr. Whiteman's, the Brunswick Hotel, for the purpose of giving him a dinner, and presenting to him a gold watch as the parting testimony of the esteem in which his eminent talents and social virtues are held in this town. Upwards of sixty gentlemen sat down to a sumptuous repast, got up in a style worthy of the host of the Brunswick. Mr. Brough was also agreeably surprised with the present' of a hand some ring subscribed for by some ladies. The evening was spent very pleasantly under the chairmanship of Mr. Dignan. T ARVIN HALL ScgooL.—We were highly gratified last week by a personal inspection of this extensive educa cational establishment. The arrangements made for the reception and accommodation of the scholars, and for their tuition in every branch, as well as for the development of their physical energies, are all that can be desired. There are at present one hundred and twenty pupils, progressing rapidly in their studies, and in the enjoyment of excellent health and spirits. We observe that, at the llilary Term examination, at Dublin University, just concluded, Mr. Charles Jones, assistant to Mr. Brindley, the active and persevering principal of the school, took a high stand in the "second grade." The masters employed in the several departments—classical, mathematical, &c.,. &c., are (as will be observed by an announcement in another column) gentlemen who have earned distinguished uni versity and other honours. REMOVAL OF THE REV. DR. CARPENTER.—The insular community, but more particularly the inhabitants of Douglas, will learn with regret the removal of the above named rev. gentleman to a sphere of ministerial labour far more extensive than that which he has so ably filled during the last 13 or 14 years. The doctor, in the early part of last week, received an official communication from the Trustees of the Church of St. Jude's, in Liverpool, earnestly inviting him to go and assume the ministerial charge of the numerous and influential congregation as sembling in that place of worship. The call was responded to by Dr. Carpenter, who left Douglas for Liverpool on Wednesday last, and preached his first sermon to his new flock on Sunday. By the congregation of St. Barnabas, in this town, the removal of Dr. Carpenter will be felt with peculiar regret, while the charities of the town have lost in him a firm and constant friend. His charitable disposition and active benevolence have long endeared him to the poorer portion of the community, to whom he was was ever ready to render all the aid in his power.— Manx Sun. We have to-day to record the marriage, on Wednesday last, of Dr. James Sheridan Muspratt, of Seaforth-hall, to Mrs. Susan Cushman Meriman, of Boston, and sister to the great American actress. Her impersonation, how ever, of Juliet, stamped her fame and procured for her the most unequivocal marks of public favour wherever she appeared. Such of our readers as have witnessed the powerful impression made by the combined acting of the two sisters (Miss Cushman as Romeo) in this immortal drama, will agree with the greatest of living dramatists, that no more exciting effect was ever produced on the British stage. The marriage ceremony was performed at Sefton Church, by the Rev. Mr. Clarke, in the presence of their more immediate relatives and friends, the bride being given away by her brother, Mr. Charles Cushman, of London. On returning to Seaforth-hall, the bridal party were received by a distinguished circle, composed of the principal families of the neighbourhood, and after partaking of a magnificent dejeune, at which the health of the bride and bridegroom was proposed, in very feeling terms, by Mr. Sheridan Knowles, they proceeded to Liverpool, en route for Cheltenham, amidst the hearty congratulations and cordial wishes of all.—Journal. DR. SUMNER'S REPLY TO THE ADDRESS OF THE LI VERPOOL CLERGY.—The following answer of the Arch bishop of Canterbury to the address of the Liverpool clergy has been received, and is left for the inspection of the clergy, at the Depository of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 93, Bold-street : TO THE CLERGY OF THE TOWN AND 'NEIGHBOURHOOD OF LIVERPOOL Alv REV. BRETHREN Next to the approval of our heavenly Lord and Master, the good opinion of his faithful servants on earth is worthy to be desired. I therefore hasten to acknow ledge the gratification which I receive from your kind and affectionate address on my promotion to the archdiocese of Canterbr.ry. Superintei deuce becomes an easy task, when they who are under authority, and they who exercise authority, are actuated by the same mind and will ; and such has been so generally the case with yourselves, that I have had no tempta tion towards you than trial of love and the spirit of meekness. I shall not cease to pray for the continual prosperity of that portion of the Church from which, in the providence of God, I am removed, and especially that you may be enabled to pro vide additional folds for the flocks which are daily multiplying around you. __ _ __ . _ _ _ You. 'meanwhile, will not be unmindful of him :who has hitherto desired to be " the helper of your faith," but entreat the "author of every good gift," that by His grace I may be found sufficient for the more arduous duties which, hence forward, I must endeavour to perform J. B. CANTUAR , London, March 20, 1848. , THE WILL FORGERY CASE.—On Wednesday last, John Dobbin, late a clerk at the Edge-bill station of the London and North-western Railway, was brought up before the Lord Mayor at the Mansion-house, London, charged with being concerned, with the late Lieut. Peregrine Bowen, half brother to the testator, in forging a will, purporting to be that of W. Musgrove Bowen. It will be remembered that Lieut. Bowen, whilst in custody on the charge, committed suicide by hanging himself in the Giltspur-street Compter. The prisoner is accused of having forged the signature of "John Bell," as attesting witness to the will, which purported to bequeath consi derable property to Lieut. P. Bowen, to the prejudice of Mr. Richards, the sole legatee under a will lodged in Doctors Commons. Mr. W. Holland, agent to the London and North-western Railway Company, stated his belief that the signature "John Bell," to the will of March, 1846, was in the handwriting of the prisoner. William Brown, a mariner, said—l was examined at Doctors' Commons, in the case of " Bowen against Richards." I was acquainted with Peregrine Bowen, and issued notices at his desire to discover two persims named " John Bell" and " John Wood." After 'I issued the notices I received a letter, signed " John Bell," by post, and I produced it at Doctors' Commons, where it was deposited. Joseph Hedington, the officer who appre hended the prisoner, found amongst his papers two letters addressed by Lieut. P. Bowen to " John Bell." Patrick Coulon and James Ryan, both of the, revenue police, stated that they knew the prisoner's handwriting, and believed the signature "John Bell" to be his. Mr. Humphreys very closely examined all the witnesses, but admitted that -she. ear , * was one for a jury. The Lord Mayor said fie should certainly_ send, the, prisoner for trial, and directed thit the depositions should Width) out. MESSRS. BARTON, IRLAM, AND CO.'S BANKRUPTCY. —On Friday the adjourned last examination of Mr. Hig ginson, one of the bankrupts in this fiat, was resumed in one of the private rooms at the Bankruptcy Court, when the balance sheet not having been prepared, the Court adjourned the case for five weeks, in order to enable Mr. Higginson to complete that document. THE WEATHER.—Since Tuesday last we have had heavy rains, with strong winds and occasional squalls, amounting for two days (Wednesday and Thursday) to what may be legitimately termed brief equinoxial gales. Fogs, too, have been occasionally experienced, and the quantity of moisture, on the whole, has been ratheragainst the sowing of spring corn, and unfavourable, especially in heavy lands, for the young wheat, which, however, gene rally looks well. We have little of March dust this year. Sunday forenoon was rainy, but towards two o'clock the atmosphere brightened up, and the afternoon was the most brilliant and congenial ever experienced at this see son So clear was the atmosphere ihat from every emi nence beyond the smoke of the town the most charming and distinct prospects of the distant landscape were ob tained by the naked eye. Vegetation has taken a start, and the country already begins to throw off the gloomy aspect of winter and re-assume the green garb of spring. LONDON ART UNION.—We had, not very long ago, to comment, in terms of disappointment and reproach, upon the paltry subscription to the Liverpool Art Union (barely £240!) We trust that the unpleasant task of recording a similar result in the local subscription to the London Art Union may be spared us. If the nonpresentation of an engraving tended in any degree to the small support of the Liverpool. Art Union, this plea cannot be raised for any failure in the London Society; for whatever the engrav ings hitherto may have been, or however they may have deserved condemnation, the beautiful print, to be given this year. makes up for all past failures, even were the `• L'Allegro and Il Penseroso " not awarded also to the subscribers. The " Prisoner of Gisors " does credit to the artist, the engraver, and the council. From Mr. Wehnert, 'tis true, we anticipated such a picture. The feeling—the true style—is apparent here, as in all his works. He throws a charm about his subjects, and awa kens our sympathies to a high degree. But after the un satisfactory specimens of engraving issued for some time past, we own that we are agreeably surprised at the excel lent copy on view, at Mr. Isaac's, Castle-street, to which we earnestly beg the attention of all the lovers of the beautiful. Those who have been fortunate on past oc casions cannot surely with propriety abstain from sup porting the society again, while others, who have been unsuccessful as yet in gaining a prize, should not be dis heartened, as there is a proverb which very justly hints, that " If you don't hold out your hand to Fortune, she will not be likely to come to seek it." The books will close ere long. We hope there will be no delay shown by those purposing to become members.—Liverpool Mail. SAINT MATTHEW'S CHURCH, TOXTETII-PARK.—We last week gave an account of the style of architecture of this intended place of worship, the foundation stone of which was laid on Tuesday. The clergy, committee, and other friends met at St. James's Church, at noon. The Earl of Sefton and the Rev. Mr. Hampton headed the procession, and there were present the Rev. Dr. M`Neile, the Rev. D. D. Stewart, the Rev. T. Nolan, &c. The concourse of spectators was very great. The children of the Blue Coat School sang an appropriate hymn. The Rev. Mr. Hampton then read some appropriate passages from the Bible, and, after a prayer, thanked Lord Sefton far his kindness in attending to lay the stone. The cere mony having been performed, the noble earl addressed the meeting at some length, adverting to the edifice about to be erected, and which was most necessary in that densely peopled part of Liverpool. Church accommodation was consolation to the sick and the sorrowful. It promoted also everything that was good in man. The church to be built would be almost entirely appropriated for the accom modation of the poorer classes. He then alluded to the political commotions on the continent, and trusted that the people of England would remain dutiful and peaceful subjects. He concluded by exclaiming—" May God prosper this good undertaking !" and much cheering fol lowed. The national anthem was then sung, which was followed by three hearty cheers for Lord Sefton. After the ceremony, his lordship and the clergy and gentry present repaired to the house of Richard Harbord, Esq., Upper Parliament-street, where a sumptuous dejeuner was provided for their entertainment. Dr. M'Neile, du ring the repast, proposed in eloquent terms the health of the Earl of Sefton, who had so admirably acted up that day to the adage " that property had its duties as well as its rights." The noble earl, in reply, reiterated the great satisfaction he had in laying the corner stone of a new church in a locality where it was so much needed, from which his family and himself had derived so large pecu niary advantages, but with which now they had no con nexion. He concluded by handing a donation of £5O to the Rev. H. Hampton. Ihe other toasts were the " Rev. H. Hampton," " Richard Harbord, Esq.," " The Rev. D. D. Stewart," " Mr. Alderman Chilton," (chairman of the committee,) " Mr. Hay," the architect, &c*, all of which were eloquently proposed and responded to. PATENT VULCAN MACHINE COMPANY.—This com pany is established for effectually cleansing chimnies and flues in public buildings, houses, hothouses, and steam ships, and for the suppression and abolition of climbing boys. These objects being of very considerable import ance to the public, not only in a sanatory point of view as regards the comfort and cleanliness of all classes, and the extinction of that wretched .class of our fellow creatures — the infant sweepers, but also in averting the prenent dan gerous risk to property of every description in large masses, from the foulness of and general neglect in clean sing chimnies, we are irlduced again to bring the subject under the notice_Of 014 relders. Some of the most tor tuous, angular, anil in other respects difficult flues in Li verpool, have been thoroughly cleansed by the machinery which has been proved, by the machines having extracted from two, to two and a half, and in one case three and a half bushels of soot, out of chimnies wherein a few weeks previously the ordinary machines had been used. The following paragraph from the Journal of Patents will show the high opinion entertained of the invention in scientific quarters :—" These improvements in machinery or apparatus for sweeping or cleansing chimnies, &c., consist—firstly,—in a certain novel contrivance whereby the brushes used in cleansing or sweeping chimnies or flues are caused to collapse when ascending, and expand when descending the said flue, by means of the elastic force of Vulcanised India-rubber, the bristles or brushes being set or placed in strips, bands, or segments of this material ; also in rendering the brushes capable of being expanded and contracted at pleasure, by means of suitable springs, formed by an application of endless bands of Vul canised India-rubber, to be worked in connection with certain arrangements of expanding and ,contracting levers or apparatus, so that any irregularity in the space of the interior of the flue may be leached, and subjected to the action of the brushes. And in a certain novel method of rendering the joints of the rods or tubes ( to which the said brushes are attached) elastic, so as to accommodate themselves to any tortuous or irregular formation of the chimney or flue, which universal or yielding joint is also formed or made by the use or application of Vulcanised India-rubber and in forming or rendering the tubes or rods elastic, for extending or working the brushes." THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. LOCAL MEETINGS. THE SELECT VESTRY.—An adjourned meeting of this body was held on Tuesday, at the new offices in Lime street. The Board was occupied for a long time in the examination of the tenders for the supply of provisions, &c., to the parish for the ensuing half-year. A few of the tenders were accepted, but as there were numerous sam ples, the inspection of which would occupy a considerable time, it was considered desirable to refer the further con sideration of the matter to the committee. The Vestry clerk read a petition which had been drawn up, and una nimously agreed upon by a committee, for presentation to the House of Commons. It set forth the grievances under which the ratepayers suffered in consequence of the oper ation of two acts of parliament, of the 9th and 10th Victoria. One related to the relief of the poor who came from Scotland, Ireland, &c., and were chargeable on Eng land, the expense of which had become a serious addition to the'rates in consequence of the vast numbers of poor now resorting to this country. The number relieved here for the three months ending the 25th of December last, was 4488, at an expense of £l6lB 65., and the ordinary charge entailed upon the parish by this act, for the main tenance of poor persons, would amount to not less than £4OOO per annum. The whole of those relieved were strangers, having equal claim to relief on any other parish in the kingdom. The petitioners were of opinion that such expense, instead of being a local burden, should be borne by the country at large. The second act related to the settlement of claims by a five years' residence, wbith led to the practice of much imposition, as persons in many cases received relief who had no legal settlement, and it was almost impossible to ascertain whether they had any claim or not. The petition concluded with a request that the House would take into consideration the facts brought under their notice, and redress the grievances complained of. The petition was adopted and signed by the Chair man. It will be. transmitted to the :members of the bo rough, with a request for their co-operation in its prayer. The Board then adjourned. DOCK COMMITTEE, THURSDAY.—A report was received from Mr. Jones, assistant to the marine surveyor, to the effect that, after due investigation, the master of the Formby Lightship, who left his vessel, with part of his crew, to save four hands belonging to the schooner Ma jestic, which was wrecked on the 15th instant, should, under the circumstances, be excused from censure. Some conversation took place on the subject, during which it was admitted that, though the master of the Lightship had acted, under the urgent circumstances of the case, with great courage, the system of leaving the vessel should not be countenanced by allowing any remuneration ; he would, however, be rewarded by the Shipwreck Society.— ' A letter from Mr. Dawson, of Gronant, speaking of the services of the crew belonging to the Point of Ayr Life boat, in saving four men from the steamer Prince of Wales, was referred to consider the question of remuneration. — The Secretary then read a resolution of the East India and China Association agreed to at a special meeting held on the 12th instant relative to the complaints against the pre sent system of porterage. The resolution was to the ef fect, that the evils were not the necessary consequence of the regulations, but the abuse of them. Several sugges tions for . the better regulations of the trade, which have already been made public, were embodied in the resolu tion. A letter from Chapman, Bowman, and Co., as to an alleged improper measurement of one of their vessels, was referred. An application was received from Bury, Curtis, - and Co., desiring that the Clarence Dock might be run dry, to recover a locomotive engine which bad been accidentally sunk there, The Chairman said he had, on his own responsibility granted the request, as the machin ery would have been destroyed, if not recovered imme diately. A letter was received from John Fisher, request ing to be allowed to sell confectionary in a waiting-room which, he undtrstood, was to be erected on the new landing stage. .The_Chairman said the plan included a waiting:room in the centre - orthe - stio;l).ut nothing could he done at, present, "and' they were not in a positio4 to refer the letter. SOUTH LANCASHIRE ASSIZES These Assizes commenced on Friday, before Barons Alderson and Rolfe. At half-past two o'clock the former entered the Crown Court, attended by the High Sheriff, Sir T. G. Hesketh, Bart., his curate, the Mayor of the town, and others. The Commission was opened in the usual form, after which his lordship attended divine ser vice at St. George's Church. On his return, the Court resumed, and the following gentlemen were sworn of THE GRAND JURY John Ireland Blackbarne, Esq.,Warrington, foreman Reece Bevan, Esq., Freckleton;Wigar. James Bonnie, Esq., Heathfield. William Earle; Esq., Abercromby-square, Liverpool. James Fenton, Esq., Bamford Hall, Rochdale. John Frederick Foster, Esq.. The Priory, Sale, Manchester. John Grundy, Esq., Culwood Lodge, Manchester. Alexander Fowden Haliburton, Esq., Whitby-le-Wigan. John Pemberton Heywood, Esq., Liverpool. David Hodgson, Esq:„Fiverpodl Hugh Horiby, Esq., Waveriree, Liverpool. Thomas Berry Horsfall, Esq., Mayor of L iverpool , James Lawrence, Esq., Park-bill, Liverpool. Robert Lomax, Esq.. Lomax Fold, Bolton. Thomas Parr, Esq., Grappenhall Heys, Warrington. John Rosson, Esq., Moorhall, Ormskirk. Clement Royds, Esq., Rochdale. Malcolm Nugent Ross, Esq., Astley Hall, Manchester, Richard Bryan Smith, Esq., Lydiate, Ormskirk. Samuel Taylor, Esq., Eccleston Hall, Prescot. Matthew WilsOn, junior, M.P.,'Eshton, Skipton Henry Woods, Esq., Wigan. . _ . . . The proclamation against vice, &c., having been read, the learned judge addressed the Grand Jury. . . His LourisniP said that he had had little time to read the depositions, and could therefore give the grand jury very little advice. He alluded particularly to a case of murder, pointing out the manner in which they should view it as regarded the law. The weapon used was not one of deadly kind, such as a pistol or gun, but it might be made deadly by its violent use. The question was whether there was any excuse for the violence used. He then alluded to the case of the child murder, stating that In law it must be clearly proved that the child was born alive, and was entirely separated alive from the mother. If they were not satisfied of this, the crime would be only concealment of birth. The other cases in the calendar were not of a nature to require any directions from him (the learned judge). There was, however, one on which he felt it his duty to offer a few observations to the grand jury. It was one of that very unfortunate description arising out of persons being employed with arms for the preservation of game. His lordship was very sorry to find crimes of that sort increasing, as undoubtedly they were. He had come from art assizes where two men had been convicted with the crime of murder, in connection with the preservation game. He (the learned Judge) did not know whether they would have to suffer or not; that would depend upon the mercy of the crown ; but it was awful to consider the consequences which arose from the present system ; and it was desirable to ascertain whether some means or other could not be adopted to ameliorate it. He could not but think that excessive preservation of game in many parts of the country was little less than laying traps for crime, and to such persons the observation of St. Paul might well be repeated,—" If meat make my brother to offend, I will eat no flesh, while the world standeth, lest I make my brother to offend." Surely what is said of that may be very properly applied to the excessive preservation of game. He need say no more on that point, for he trusted he was speaking to Christian gentlemen. There were some other matters going on in the world, to which he might well allude, because every one must feel some apprehension for the result, and in which the grand jury might be called upon to take part. Disturbances had occurred in different parts of the country, and the duty might devolve upon some of them to preservethe peace of their districts. If so called upon, all he had to say was— do it firmly, but at the same time do it kindly. Let there be that mixture of firmness with kindness, which, whilst it convinced transgressors that the law would be main tained, at the same time won their approbation and esteem. If reforms were called for, and there was no country in which they were not required, let a spirit of kindness and conciliation be shown towards those who called for them, which would have the effect of uniting altogether in defence of all that is dear to us—our liberties—our lives—our laws, because he really believed there was no country in which we enjoy all these in such perfection. Above all, they should endeavour to convince the lower classes of society, that they above all were most interested in the preservation of order. They depended upon labour for support—labour depended upon capital for payment, and labour would not be paid unless peace was preserved. In that unfortunate country to which he alluded—unfortu nate, because of the effects which had been produced— he did not mean to offer any remarks upon the change which had taken place there, though he would not refrain from looking forward to the result with anxiety—in that country, The first effort had produced suffering to the poor —the Savings' Bank had stopped payment—workmen had lost their wages—they were the first to suffer, and he hoped their fate would be a warning to those for whom these observations were intended. If so, the instruction would not be thrown away. He said it in kindness to them, and with a sincere wish for their welfare. His lordship then dismissed the grand jury to their duties. The trials then proceeded. FORGERY. Edward Wilson, who was found guilty at the last assizes of having filled up a blank cheque, at Liverpool, for a greater amount than he was authorised to do by his master, was brought up for judgment.—Mr. Baron Alder son said the case of the prisoner had been reserved for the opinion of the judges, the question being whether the offence amounted to forgery, or obtaining money under false pretences. The opinion of the judges was that the crime amounted to forgery. But under all the circum stances, the learned judge before whom the case was tried (Mr. Justice Coltman) did not wish to punish the offence with severity.—Sentence, to be imprisoned three calendar months. MINT CASES Thomas Ford and Mary Ford were convicted of utter ing counterfeit coin at Liverpool, on the 4th of February, and of having been previously convicted of the like offence.—Mr. Wigham and Mr. Cobbett were for the proseeution.—To be each transported for seven years. John Hughes was convicted of uttering counterfeit coin at Liverpool, on the 18th of February.—To be transported for seven years. Richard Connor was charged with uttering base coin at Oldham, on the 11th of March.—The prisoner, who had been previously convicted of having counterfeit coin in his possesion, was found guilty, and adjudged to three years' imprisonment.—The Prisoner : I would rather you tronsported me.—He was then removed from the bar. Ann Hughes was charged with having, on the 18th of December last, at Liverpool, had in her possession three counterfeit shillings.—Not guilty. CROWN COURT. .-SATURDAY James Dougherty was convicted and sentenced to seven years transportation for uttering a counterfeit sixpence. He had been previously convicted of a similar offence. Thomas Collins, for uttering counterfeit crown pieces at St. Helens, was sentenced to six moths' imprisonment, one solitary. _ James Walker, for uttering counterfeit crown pieces to several persons, was sentenced to two years imprisonment, with hard labour. The crown pieces showed much skill in their manufacture ; they rang exceedingly well, and, by a newly discovered process, had been slightly sheeted with silver. Thomas Ostick, a boy about thirteen years old, was convicted of forgery. He was an office boy with an attor ney named Smith, at Manchester, and forged his master's name to a post-office order for £5. Another indictment charged him with a forgery to similar documents, for £6 10s. Sentence deferred. William Baybutt was found guilty of the manslaughter of Peter Travis, on the 30th December, at Ormskirk. A quarrel took place between the parties, and deceased used great provocation, the prisoner resisting him in self de fence. The prisoner had been three months in prison, and this was considered a sufficient punishment. He was ordered to be liberated at the rising of the court. Margaret Maguire was sentenced to seven years trans portation for stabbing Joshua Knott, on the 14th inst., in the Oldham-road. She had been seventeen times pre viously imprisoned. Thos. Kay was found guilty of stabbing Joseph Mawds ey, at Ormskirk, on the 20th of November last. Sen tence deferred. James Willis, Henry Finnigan, and Mary Williams, were found guilty of assaulting and robbing Robert Holt, of Manchester. Sentence deferred. Richard Kirkman, a little flaxen-haired boy, eleven years of age, and very small for his years, was charged with a burglary at the house of Thomas Green, of Little Bolton, in December. The boy had cut a hole in the panellof the door, which took him from 11 p.m. to 2 a.m. to accomplish. The boy confessed' the act to his father, under a threat, and evidence of this being inadmissible, he was acquitted. The father was fearfully affected in giving evidence against his son. NISI PRIUS COURT.—SATURDAY. The only case of any interest tried to-day was an action brought by Mr. P. G. N. Clarke, a sculptor of some emi nence at Manchester, against Mr. Jobn Holford, for an excessive distraint. The plaintiff occupied a shop of the defendant's in King-street, Manchester. The stock, which it was alleged was worth £4OO, only realized £6O at the sale. Some fixtures, which cost the plaintiff £5O, were seized and sold for £5. The property consisted of busts, statues, moulds, &c. Seventy moulds, worth at least £250, and which might have been put up singly and sold to ad vantage, were sold in one lot for £34. The jury found the defendant guilty of negligence in the sale : damages £lOO., and that the real value of the property was £4OO. This was without consideration for the fixtures. Several undefended cases were then disposed of. The trial of Thomas Riley, charged with the man slaughter of the twelve persons whose deaths were occa sioned by the late boiler explosion at Manchester, is fixed for Thursday. INFANTICIDE. — On Tuesday an inquest was held touch ing the death of a child in Roscoe-street. The mother, Elizabeth Pring, lived with her aunt, a Mrs. Meacock, and had' delivered herself. From the evidence of the surgeon, the child died from external violence. A verdict of wilful' murder was returned. WeLsnmEN.--In the Crown Court, on Friday, much delay was occasioned and considerable merriment created by the manner in which prosecutor, who was a Welsh man, and his son gave their evidence. It was with the greatest difficulty that the most simple question was ren. dered intelligible to the father, notwithstanding he spoke English tolerably well; and the son, to the first question put to him, answered, in good English, "I a in 't spea k English," and this be maintained throughout, notwith standing the expostulations of his lordship. The father was sworn as interpreter, but he objected to the office on the ground that he could not speak English. His Lord ship No, no :" the only time went 'the Welsh circuit they tried - thattrick vn with-rae,:awill Be y er wotaga t i wy (Loud laughter.) Btstria getils. The Hon. E. H. Stanley was gazetted on Tuesday to be Deputy-Lieutenant of Lancashire. The new covered market at Wrexham was opened on Thursday week. Sir R.' Peel has forwarded £5O, in aid of the repair of Church Kirk roof, near Blackburn, which is in a ruinous condition. The cotton mills in Bolton are, on an average, running considerably shorter time than they were a few weeks A little girl died last week, in Manchester, in conse quence of having fallen from a chair upon the point of a pair of scissors with which she was,playing. The Commission of Assize will be opened at Chester on Wednesday (to-morrow), and the business in both courts will commence on Thursday morning. There is a fearfully heavy calendar. WHITEHALL, MARCH 11.—The Right Hen. Sir Thos. Wilde, Knight, has appointed James Galloway, of Prescot, in the county of Lancaster, Gent., to be one of the Per petual Commissioners for taking the acknowledgments of deeds, to be executed by married women, in and for the county of Lancaster. A few days, since, a man who appeared to be deaf and dumb went to the ball in Alderley Park, Cheshire, and managed to inform the coachman, whose planet he pro mised to " rule," that for .E 2 he would name a place where £7OO were buried. The duped coachman was foolish enough to give the £2, and afterwards paid some men to dig at the spot which the wizard had named, but of course no treasure was found. GENTLEMEN OF THE PRESS.—A Manchester town councillor complained last week in his place in council, that a reporter for the Manchester Guardian had stated, in his report of a former meeting, that he could not re press a smile when a certain councillor pronounced the word routine "rout-in." The complainant thought re porters—were reporters, and they had no right to express an opinion, or to smile in a councillor's faee,while he was speaking. A RUNAWAY STAG.—Last year Sir John Gerard put up a stag in the neighbourhood of Newton, which, after being chased for a long time, completely eluded the intre pidity of hounds and hunters. He was afterwards en trapped, and brought back again to his old quarters. The same animal, known by the name of Rob Roy, was Put up Again on the Bth instant, and was equally successful in 'making his escape. Rob, it appeared, had been rambling about in this neighbourhood, and was caught by the legs by two crofters as he was about to leap the wall into the yard at St. Peter's Church, in Halliwell, on Saturday last. Instead of being in his " native glens," he is now safely " Tolboothed" at Smithills Hall.—Bolton Citron. EMPLOYMENT IN MANCHESTER.—A comparison of last week's return compared with the previous week, gives the following results :—Two cotton mills previously working full time, and one working short time, have stop ped. 992 of the operatives employed in cotton mills, who were last week working full time, are now either working short time, or are out of employment altogether. Of the total works included in the table, there are four fewer working full time, one of which is working short time, and the others are stopped altogether. There are now 835 more operatives out of employment than there were last week, of whom 716 were then working full time, and 111 were working short time. The return is, therefore, of an unfavourable character. THE HON. E. H. STANLEY.—Since our last the Cam bridge Tripos has come out, and it abundantly confirms the compliments paid to the Hon. E. H. Stanley'S high attainments in the letter of a distinguished member of the University, alluded to in our last, as we find that the hon. gentleman's name stands in the first class. This is a great distinction, because it is not by talent alone that it can be reached. With talent, must be combined indus try, and there is no instance on record of a young nobleman, with an earldom in vista (a long one we hope), who has achieved for himself so much honour. The Earl' of Burlington is an exception to the general rule, but we are not sure that at the time his lordship attained so much eminence at college, he stood in the same position as the Hon. Mr. Stanley in relation to the peerage.—Lancaster Gazette. THE ORDER OP ODDFELLOWS.—The Manchester Bo rough Court was occupied for about six hours, on Wed nesday last, before several magistrates, in investigating the charges against Mr. William Ratcliffe, the corre sponding secretary. The nature of the general charges against him have so. often been published, that it would be useless to repeat them here. It may be stated, however, that the investigation turned on a charge not much pre viously known ; it was with having withheld a sum of £2OO. subscribed by the order, for the relief of Irish and Scotch destitution, arising from the failure of the potato crop. The evidence for the prosecution, however, did not bring the matter home to Mr. Ratcliffe, and it was only when his brother, who was his assistant secretary, was put in the box on the defence, that the case was made out. From this it appeared that from £9OO to £llOO had been subscribed for-this purpose; that some £3OO or £4OO had been sent to its proper destination, and that £5OO of the sum had been entered in the books to Mr. Ratcliffe's private account. The magistrates called upon the defen dant to enter into sureties, himself in £3OO, and two others in £l5O each, for his appearance at the assizes, at Liverpool, to answer the charges. The court was crowded to excess throughout. MISREPRESENTATION OF MANCHESTER.—WO lately animadverted upon the unworthy position in which Man chester was- placed by Mr. Milner Gibson's connexion with the Whig government. Within the last few days matters have become considerably worse. The misrepre sentation of Manchester is complete. Mr. Gibson moves on not only steadily. but with an increasingly descending tendency. Vireo acquiret eundo. On two successive nights he has recorded votes of a character so entirely opposed to the views entertained by the great majority of his constituents that to speak of him any more as repre senting the opinions of Manchester is sheer folly. Man chester, by the voice of Mr. Gibson, declares its readiness to exempt Ireland from the income-tax ; and is content that there should be no reduction in our extravagant na val expenditure. Manchester. by the voice of Mr. Bright, protests against the injustice of certain classes in Ireland being exempted from a burden which they are quite as well able to bear as the same classes in England and Scotland ,• and votes for a reduction in a branch of expen diture which has been nearly doubled during the last 12 years. Whether does Mr. Gibson or Mr. Bright speak the opinion of Manchester ? Both cannot be right. Or may we not rather say that on these important questions this constituency has been deprived of any vote whatever? Mr. Gibson has virtually been the means of disfranchising Manchester.—Manchester Examiner (radical paper.) SIXTEEN PERSONS DROWNED.—We are this week called upon to narrate the occurrence of two most melan choly events, by which not fewer than sixteen individuals have met their grave. The first occurred at Latheron wheel, on Friday last, on which day several boats from the different stations had been prosecutingp the fishing as usual. A heavy swell had arisen since their departure, so as to render landing extremely dangerous. One little barque and its despairing crew drove forward with its broadside on the beach, when they were speedily rescued. The other boat was seen overtopping the huge swell, and every preparation was made to receive her. In a minute or two she got into the middle of the broken sea, and a tremendous wave breaking over her, swept the crew, seven in number, into the foaming surge. Soon thereafter the body of one of the men was got hold of, but life was quite extinct. Then appeared the mast of the boat, with a man grasping it so firmly as with difficulty to be severed from it. This was David M'Grigor. At first he was in sensible, but gradually recovered. The names of the sit& ferers are,—William Finlayson, married ; Robert Grant, ditto ; Alexander M'Kay, ditto ; George Ross, ditto ; William Sutherland, unmarried ; and Angus Sutherland, ditto. The first three have left widows and young fami lies, consisting of fifteen children in all, and in very indi gent circumstances. The fourth has left a widow, only one month married; and the two last had widowed mo thers, also in great poverty. Another boat was upset at the same hour, when entering a fishing creek west of Dunbeath, and three of the crew taken from under her when thrown upon the beach. Letters have been received with the information that, last week, while a boat's crew, on the west coast of Sutherlandshire, consisting of seven men and three women, were engaged in gathering ware, the boat was upset, and all on board her perished.—John o' Groat Journal. " MONSTER " EXAGGERATIONS.—Mr. Doheny, a ci &vent schoolmaster, and now anllrish barrister, attended the Manchester repeal meeting as one of the deputation from " the Irish confederates" of Dublin. On Sunday week, on his way back to Ireland, he addressed a meeting of repealers in Liverpool, and coolly told them that, on the preceding Friday evening, " he had addressed a meet ing of thirteen thousand repealers in the Free-trade Hall of Manchester." - From accurate calculations in the Manchester Guardian, it appears, however, that the hall will not hold more than 6,300, and the platform had forms and tables on it, and therefore the number in the build ing would be less than 6000. This is, perhaps, the smallest of Mr. Doheny's exaggerations of numbers. He stated at Liverpool that he had attended a soiree on Saturday evening, at Manchester, at which " six thou sand" persons were present. This was a tea party in the large room of the Town-hall, at which, instead of 6,000, there were certainly not 500 present ; and it would be im possible to cram more than one-sixth of Mr. Doheny's number in the floo- space, if every bench and table were removed. This room is exactly 68ft.8in. in length, by 32ft. 9in. in width, an area of 260 square yards, which, if all the furniture were removed, and the room packed at four per sons to the square yard, would only hold 1,000. But we come to the climax of Mr. Doheny's estimates. On Sun day week, at the chartist camp meeting at Oldham Edge, he spoke of that meeting as " half a million of the men of Lancashire upon an open hill," &c. In the same speech, he estimated them at ' a quarter of a million of English men ;" and, at Liverpool, he told the repealers that at this meeting " there were not fewer than one hundred and thirty thousand persons." Here we have the same man varying his statement as to the numbers, from 500,000 to 250,000, and thence down to 130,000 ! But here again the shortest process to approach the truth, would be to strike off the lest cypher and reduce his amount to one-tenth of his lowest estimate. As nearly as the numbers on Oldham Edge, at the time when they were largest, could be calculated, they appeared to be about 15,000 persons ; and certainly could not exceed 16,000 altogether. How TO OBTAIN HEALTH WHEN LOST. — The wonder ful regenerating effects that Holloway's Pills produce upon the whole system is truly astonishing. This won derful medicine perfectly identifies and assimilates itself with the blood and ocher fluids, while it removes from them all other impurities. It acts upon the stomach, the liver, the heart, the longs, and the kidneys ; and in its course, so surely cleanses and invigorates those organs as to make the return of health the immediate consequence of a few doses of this wonder-working renne4.ly. Persons -of weak and , debilitated - constitutions •are sure to regain ther health and vigour.hy .their use, when •every .ottier weans have failed% March 28, 184 C LANCASTER ELECTION SCRIITINY.—The Conservative of Lancaster have fully determined upon instituting a scrutiny into the late election. An address has appeared from the Hon. E. H. Stanley, the defeated candidate. in which, after alluding to the support he received, and to the probability of his yet succeeding to the representation by means of a scrutiny, the hon. gentleman says : Acting on this' conviction, I have felt it due, to you and to myself, to petition the House of Comreons to grant a committee, before which I may claim that seat, which I believe, by your favour, to be my right ; and I cherish the confident exp ec t a ti on th a t ma n y weeks will not elapse before I am ena bl e d t o congra t u l a te y o u and myself upon the final triumph of our cause." EXTRAORDINARY RESISTANCE TO BAILIPTS.-- 031 Thursday last, Mr. Fli n t o ff, th e messenger un de r a fiat of bankruptcy issued aga i ns t R. an d M. S m ith, wen t to Box endale, near Blackb urn , print works, to take possession of them, when he w as me t by a l arge b o dy o f the woltd people, who stated that they had possession of the works' given to them by Mr. R. Smith, and that they intended to keep it if they lost thei r li ve s. Ih e messenge r returned' to Haslingden, and got so me o f th e p o li ce th ere , w ho prod ceeded with him to the works, but he was again repulsed, On Friday, Mr. Turner, a m ag i s t ra t e , accom panied then , to the works, and advised with th e men o n the illegality 0 ( their proceedings. Another attempt was made-to obtain possession by the messenger and others, preceded. by Mr. Turner in his carriage ; but when they got near; a' large number of workmen seized the horses in the chaise,-and prevented it going further. They again refused to give uP possession. Mr. Turner spoke to the men in a friendly way, saying he understood that many of the workmen' wanted a large amount of wages, and were in the greatest' poverty,, for which he was very sorry, but said that prod ceedings of this kind were likely, if persisted in, to ang-' meat their misery, and desired them peaceably to give 1 1 1 ) possession. of the. premises. Benjusain Crawshaw, a sort' of leading man, was the spokesman, and stated that he was much , obliged to Mr. Turner fer what he had said,- and that if what he had stated was true, the workmen had been badly advised. Mr. Turner asked who was their ad viser, but Crawshaw did not reply. On Monday a strong body of polite went to Baxendale, accompanied by the superintendents and Mr. Turner. They proceeded to the works. The messenger went by himself first, and after a short conversation the men agreed to give up possession, and bailiffs were left on the premises. The messenger then informed Mr. Turner, &c. that peaceable possession had been given to him, when Mr. Turner went on to the workpeople, and , having praised them for the resolution they had come to; generously gave them five sovereigns to alleviate their distress. The police were then withdrawn, and shortly after all became as quiet as usual'. The lane leading to the works was barricaded with dye vats, and a passage which would admit one or two persons only left open. Barricades were also erected round the works. It appeared the men had some adviser in resisting the mes senger, and that the same party had withdrawn his advice upon consideration. Some of the men had not-received their wages for thirty weeks or more, and they were pitied even by the messenger and his assistants. Posses sion has yet to be obtained of the bleaching works be longing to Messrs. Smith, in Oswaldtwistle. REMARKS, OBSERVATIONS, & SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY,. MADE DURING A VISIT TO BIRMINGHAM ON TIER 21ST AND 22D DECEMBER, 1837. I am now convinced in my presupposed opinion, that the vibratory motion of the engine, and also of the train of carriages, is not only detrimental to the speed, but also tends very much to assist any trifling impediment on -the rails to throw the engine and train off the line. This mo tion is caused by the weight Othe boiler and heavy appa ratus appertaining to the engine (and the same objection is to be found with the carriages) being placed above the axletrees, instead of being brought as close to the base as possible, it being the centre of gravity vibrating from the , base which causes this at all times disagreeable and fre- quently highly-dangerous motion. To obviate this, k should recommend, in regard to the engine, that the boiler should be situated entirely beneath the working shaft, an& that the cylinders, pistons, 84c. should be placed above ther boiler, in a horizontal position. It will be evident from , this arrangement of the machinery that the working wheels, as they are technically called, or those wheels which are impelled by the direct communication of the' connecting rod to the crank shaft affixed to them, may be ' considerably enlarged, say double the size they at present' are, (viz., 5 feet,) with ease, or even more, but, for the' sake of clearness, I shall say 10 feet. The following ad vantages would result from this arrangement :—ln the' first place, in the old form of engine, that is to say the one at present used, a wheel of 5 feet in diameter will pass over, in one revolution, somewhere about 15 feet • this engine can be made to travel, with di ffi culty, with a irain , at 40 miles an hour, the friction above that rate becoming so great that they find it impossible to exceed it. Now if the wheels were 10 feet in diameter, in two strokes of th,e, pistons the engine would pass over a space of nearly • 5 ° feet, or double that of the small wheel ;it is therefore . dent that this description of engine will be able to travel' at the rate of 80 miles an hour before the friction amounts to the same as in the present form of engine travelling at the rate of 40 miles an hour. • that The only objection I can discover to this form is, , the undulating (not the vibrating) motion would be foun d more disagreeable than on the old plan. In another par;, of this sheet I shall endeavour to obviate this defect; b tu ' it must not be overlooked that there will be no v ibrator/, motion at all, even at the great speed of 80 miles an hot and that this engine will pe r fo r m 80 mil e s an hour __ Dn on the same facility, or eve n w ith grea t er , th an the The water tank on the tender Wu:lied - to the en_g t ne should also be placed beneath the axletrees, (th e axletre es ; of the tender of course,) and the body of the passeng er ' cars should also be placed as much below the axletrees as possible, say to within 6 inches off the road or level of tl!!, rail. The wheels of the passenger cars and tender sh oul d be increased in size, say 5 feet for the minimum. It)! very clear that the friction in such an engine, and with such a train, will at least be much less, even if nothing else is gained, than in an engine, and with a train of pas' senger cars, on the present construction. The cause of the undulating motion in all railway en gines and carriages at present used—in applying the weed undulating, I wish to express that motion which the ear" riages and engine have from side to sid e o f the road, s t least so far as the flanges on the wh ee l s w ill permit Dting digression from a perfectly t rue or stra i ght course, — d - in view, as a matter of n ecess it y, t h e turns o f the rea is in consequence of the wheels being flanged on the inner. side or tire of the wheel only, and thus causing the car.. riage, engine, or whatever wheeled conveyance it may to be continually undulating, or the flanges of the wheel; on one side the carriage acting at one moment on the rau, it is in contact with, and at another the flanges oft wheels on the opposite side acting on the other rail, g ill thus the motion is caused. To obviate this, both sides of the wheels should be flanged, both inner and outer,_ and the wheels to rest „, the rails in the vacant space between ; this will entirel}" u s almost so, preclude' the friction which is so very re n ...:. and so very heavy a drawback on the form of wheel on used with respect to the speed. The safety of the el and carriages will likewisebe much enhanced, as the wh eel " being flanged on both sides,.will render it almost irapea' - ble that the engine or train should run off the rails-. Rock Ferry, 27th Maroh, 1848. C. J.. it' POLICE INTELLIGENCE. IRISH MENDICANTS,--The number of poor Irish. 0 .. . 11° still throng every street an d corner of the town is ara.t.'; ing, and the best proof th a t can be a ff or ded of the abi's state of that nation. O n F r id a y a w h o le band of the se miserable beings were brought before Mr. Eusilt°; Some of them consented to g o back to Ireland, but th majority prefeired lingering in poverty here. CoLLISION.—On Tuesday, the master of the ship•Co n . l ,, bridge appeared before the magistrates to claim connti: sation for the damage done to his vessel by the W 07,4 pecker. After the matter had been fully investigate d the magistrates, it turned out that there was no bl in attributable to the pilots of either vessel, who wer_ e _i t charge at the time of the collision, and that it wasp lar•-'. accidental. The plaintiff was, of course, nonsuited. . 110 DANGEROUS EXCAVATION.—On Tuesday, a sonv o Y..., was heard at the Police-court, against Mr. George C 1.7 ,0 field, trustee for Miss Jones, for permitting an excav at e, to remain in Spencer-street, Everton, without a &n os , The excavation is forty feet deep, and very dangerg, Mr. Crossfield said that he had paid £2. ss. for a red' 9i which had been broken down. He was fined 20s. only, on condition of immediately fencing theprger.4. BRUTAL ArrAcK.—Between 12 and 1 o'clock on T; 1 7,.. day night a woman went to the main bridewell anu ive o cst9 n d gt a o s n sistT w ct s Z er e ly sai e d sti s t h u i t 3 e. habl u t n ra n 7e o lleci ev it assistants, took her up stairs and relieved her fi vriti rh , of Soon afterwards she commenced a b us i ng a Ou r° 2 - to children who were there under si m il ar cireumsta n t — fre• her own. Hearing this Du nn went i nto t h e r oom t o bi monstrate with her on her gross conduct. She rep —„ 100 clothes, concluding the assault by striking him abuse, and emptied the contents of a can of water °' v iole t r e l a on the head with the edge of the can which infli ct severe wound, from which the blood' fl owed pr°" c oo• The woman, whose name is Cairns, was on FridaY s be victed in the p ena lt y o f £5, an d i n d e f au lt o f Nvb l °D was committed for two months. r t aT i ROBBERY BY AN APPRENTICE.—Francis Stew a rt unholste apprentice with Messrs. Holden and Parker, uphol' hair' and Jane Jones, we r e c h arg ed with stealingcurledwooje &c., from the premises in Church-street. of fi cer % sai the male prisoner was seen to leave the hf i ll ' 9 lo - 1 0 4 Thursday in company with Jones, and they were i_t h toro' to Church-street. Stewart opened the shop *". 4 .." keys which he had in his possession, and in a 811°. "i coVy afterwards he was seen to hand a basket to Bo t h i f s Both .0 0 prisoner, who had remained in Leigh-street, taken into custody, and the property upon th er t oll found to consist of several lbs. of curled hair. beell examination upwards of two cwt. of the hair ha 1 , ge r , frund to be stolen. The price of the hair wal l trrf lb. Mr. Rushton, in committing the prisoner said he had no doubt the female prisoner was the ca the young man's ruin. _ GENERAL POST -OFFICE, MARCH, 1848----°lllll3driet-1: the 28th inst., the fee charged for the reg i stra tiOn ° T 4siV" ters will be reduced from one shilling to sixpe,n°e.;.ed must be paid in money. The postage of reg's,.blic ters must in all cases be paid in stall:lßa. The Pl i nts oli l3 " earnestly recommended to register an letters co- d enclosures of any value. Vice-Chancellor Wigram hss decreed that " -- e 'stovci• Duncombe, M.P., is bound tovbar the entail of t he eg g in Yorkshire which he has inherited frcon his ty Wh he .c • compliance with a coven a nt, executed in 1823 , t he - he agreed to suffer a recovery of those estates fil r o , for i ti r j nefit of the Hon. H. R. Petro, who became sur,i's-4 annuity of £6OO, granted Mr. DuncarobfrAp "" palty,* and who Is . Wd"tai have paid mere tW I such surety,