The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-12-23 00:00:00

2:3 1 Fs' 4-3. a6trat e , Wl5 an object of respect new, it is a SUN - C .- et - dr contempt. Then none . but men ‘ot iVealth and educa- • tio n — theprimatesor a (riwn-r-eve:i b s ecime - thembera - 4 c° 'Porat ;c;r?' ; now h - ;:!:" - riffi4rare aft eligible rt - O . Mem 11 -.- • "ship with mitniiphl. body. Then theinhabitintS.:. knew rtotlthlgr: of those feverish = and'faial . 'ekcifernetits which nosy, exlce - it - ate the' hooni . -61 . every citizen; a . T ive - admit, for iliWstike of argument, that , - a_ acre; a few dti. few acre land.sit-661d; m tinder' - system;:be let f ; • such a f' annum more than ender the bl - d;: - 14- economy a eninpensition for all the ritiss'a calamity with till ch the country is now inflicted?:- 'W'e; certainly cannot h6ast of "Myer patt; onage in the ' disposal hof municipal officers; or of Men, in - office, possessed of hi g he r Pet , onal virtue; 'or - endowed with stipetiot atsilitr --wit h o ' l 4 aCter more sacred to pres'erve, or sensihility More aline to public censure. No : for peace we have pot dcord ;. for social - sVinpathies, - rancorous personal ; for substantial erupt) , ' , presumption. , `With the 'Oat we feelingly . eclaitn, " now ill 'exchanged . are things litre ihose,:for these.". From the narrow gpaie within - which we are obliged ta: confine our ObSdrs;atious, we have restricted _ourselves to., a Mere sketch of' one or two of the - effects of thernunici, P al reform htit we - think - even these brief and Perfectlydra vvn antlinesWill be suffiCient to show to.every., candid mind thelatal-consequences --- of reforni - - - -=that it has °Pened those flood gates which kepi Otxt - the raging *ayes. rebelti6n and political . (lesiAation;—that th64beient has. already broken- "Awn some of -finest mounds of. the "nstitutiOn and Alreatens, if - to effectual barrier can -be raised to - obstruct its - cotirse; - to wash away every trace of °lir ancient and venerable . in-Stitutions. -• ••• We earnestly implore every man who•professes to love hiB country—who reads its history with - :patriotic feeling 'who is proud of - the character which past generations h ave conferred 'upon the name of Britain—to raise his. "ice, and employ his influence, to stop this work of de struct We appeal to the dispassionate observation of i mpartial:Th.lth to confirm - our fears; and We defy, the enemies of peace . ; the 'my-rmitloirs - of reform, to'point to ° ne positively good result; the legitimate offspring of in novation; which wisdom and' thinness might' not have witho . ut this blot upon - the statute book. We feel tbe'rnoreimportiinate upon this 'all-involving sub— ject, beeause we believe the torch wide!) has already been applied to one P'art:'of the - constitutional. temple, and ac . - "mplisheditsruin, is abut . to be thrust into another, till the work' of destruCliOn /- Shall' be complete. This therefo a subject ;Ala . C . Ornea . home to our bosoms; and we know not in what way the feeble efforts of our Pen could be so usefully employed, as lir warning our countrymen of these approaching dangers; in which, thouglalie stakes may differ, there is' no- one---no - -not even tlfeincendiary - hand itself that carries the . flame but has . '" his all at issue. 'Perhaps ire may be asked by the " upright heart and Pure" i.that step is to be taken , to avert these evils—iri: what spot` of - the' constitutional canip his services can he triosraAilable ? Our answer is brief.. • Follow where ever tlie 'leaders of - conservatism may advance. When parliarUent shall again Meet let your sentiments be known to yotir fellow-toWnsmen, that yoUr opinions may give rise to a'public expression. Should a genet al elec. l ion be precipitated, suppOrt those who hive already stood forwards the Champions of your liberties and of Your institutions-- - --divil,' religious, and political—who have fought, manfully and successfully, against the fur ther incursions of pluhdering reforin—who have mana cled the venal hands of spoliation. We shall ever be at our post, - upon the watch-tower of duty, and we shall give timely notice of every movement of the enemy. It is not for speculative points we are contending—the, as ctndancy of one party or the discomfiture of another—it is "pro axis et focis"—for deliverance from infidel and insurrectionary tyratiny:--it is that England may never he ashaiged or " afraid to know herself." - • • It 'lli's (I;but we know not with what truth: that a 3l 2lAini‘t wag: never rotinil . in a madhonie . : Although {iramatiied with all the it of the age of Shakspeare, and ritlicideAt with all the pleaiantry of Erasmus, and exposed to the' s sfiafia of Quevedo, chemistry has always been a favoiMie with mankind;' and now' that she is clothed in theMber vest ores of genuine philosophy, she is be- come . gh obi& of veneration. Her empire is co-extensive with ii i t l ficre herself; and a {hover cannot blush before the stiletillti"&lilrd exhale the'air of heaven, but chemis try stWaaVal'ltz'ancl explains the 'Physiological laws of vegetai!.teliiiii animal life upon which both depend. But 'our lattilliMan'UW to Acflipon Mr. Hemming—a task vre pleasure. ViTPAAß''iiiiite agree With Mr. ll.'s distinetion be tweerltteiVeriaisapolir.... "Steam," he says, " is the rapotpt4ilWift dll2 degreeS; but vapour is the tern - i . 4pplieif wimen vaporization takes place.at lower"teMpera tures," « *should prefer calling steam, that state of water in which it is rendered invisible by combination with caloric ; vapour. that state of water Which 'appears When so touch caloric 'is abstracted from , steam as to render it visible. Let us begin at what temperature we May, if a portion of water at such 'temperature were introdlced into a vacuum, a part of it would rise into the vacuum, and be invisible, like steam ; and mathematical formulw have been contrived to express this 'quantity at all temperatures; ` so that steam is only a satins, when water is exposed to pressure. But if we take a volume of steam, or steam and air, and abstract a sufficient.por tion grille caloric from them, there will instantly appear i ( PortiOri.of vapour. Neither do we see the application of the'" electrified sponge" to the explanation, of thephe nomenon of rain. In the first place, the hypothesis is not supprted by the fundamental desideratum, viz., that electricity will cause water . to assume a gaseous form Etat ti t ilipOse a volume of air saturated with moistures and charged with positive electricity, to,meet a like vo lume of air charged with negative electricity, the contact of these two would iestore electric equilibrium ; but if the mean tenzperature of the vnlumes of air after inter fusion.were'stifficient to hold'the water in solution, there would, occourse, be no precipitation,. The action of electrieity upon damp sponge, or water in a cipillary tube, is altogether different. In this case, there is but one kind of eleetricity,.and the flux of the water from the tube, as Well :as its diminished cohesion to the sponge, may be explained upOn the prinCiple of repulsion, which We knots, under such circumstancef , , Wotild take place. earp disposed to trust in the ,“ cut dcy of Dr. Hutton's theOrY, though we confess that we' had not given Dr. Hutton the credit of the discovery. In, ex plaining the formatinn of dew, Mr. H. has very torrectly stated the theory — Of Dr. Wells, with Which we are acquainted, as alsO the experinienii of Dnfay b L ut We are hi no means satisfied that the laves ` of radiation are yet established upon sufficient evidence to warrant their . application to natural phenornena: A newspaper, toWeVer, is not the channel, neither is this the occasion; for entering into a diScussion of this interesting question. We apprehend that Mr. H. hai ascribed powers to the heated water in brewers' coppers which are never called into action; for the operation of mashing is not carried 43 n fit the coppers, but in distinct vessels ; and the water, heated, as .Mr. H_ ._correctly o b s erves, to 250, will sink down to 212 in - the act of transit froM the copper to those v essels;_ so that this explanation of the superiority of the 1 1 0qer..of great brewers over the porter of little brewers •entirely fails. The fact notwithstanding is, we llelieve, lueontestible. The variation of the boiling point of water, as dePen- lent, upon the pressure of the . air, is very satisfactorily explained, and also the height which . corresponds With °lle-degree of temperature. That an instrument might he contrived..ta measure altitudes upon this principle we 4 ° -not doubt, but the use of it would be attended with gre.at.inconyenience. We have ourielves contrived a barometer _without mercury, whicheihibits a variation of full one, quarter of an inch for every ten feet of rilti tll4.; and the scale is capable of great extension. For t h' s 3 3 fliefit of our readers we think it not: useless ici-state, tlret,. of vitriol and water, which Mr..H. - here . philoso- Ahically used to boil water, may frequently be employed, i n - cases.of emergency, to - produce a quantity of kot konce,,provcd so 10 ourselves., A littly‘ias - taken very tl4 - 1, 0! iii the middle of the - . night, with great disposition t ?:: - "TIIitirg, and we iniircringeilier a quantity . of oil of . in a ceinm....U4,lWii;;;-hlsand-basin, ark im - decanter of - *ger 7 -into e'xteinphrgq - Tretrttay thtained as much hot water as we required. It -maybe .oliserq'r : l . , that the - acid thOS used ?night he saved _by:evaporating the water in. R. leaden or glass 'vessel t butsirch a pi ec e economy it would not he worth the :labout - to practise on occasions of this kind.; There ; are i ;few experiiiThliTchrore astonishing to ,the -uninitiated 'in gcieneelhan those which exhibit the immense-quantity of =caloric - , - which is required-toia zire flaiditytO - water. To :se.e:a pound of water - 17 'degrees, or,'whichis.the the:same thing,'about three fourths of a pound at boding heat, on mixtrire . with. a pound of snow or - powdered: ice, lose all its heat, and a fluid appear - cis cold as the ice ttvelf, is a phenomenon of which he , can 'frame_no ex planation. And let it be remembered that the converse of thisis ,vt'ben.atie . pound 'end .three: quarters of ice-cola water freezes, or is concerted into Ice. as much heat is evolved as would make three-guar" ters of a - 1 - 3 - onnel boiling hilt. Some .persons.. babe affirmed, that if all the water of the ocean could be iirmiltanermsly fibzen,_as much heaf would be given out as would. vitOfy:theOcibe ;latit we have made a calcula tiOn to verify or confute this position, taking the data of lii Place for the average depth.of - the ocean, - and'vre find thelfeat evolved is much too inconsiderable to - endanger the . fixiclity of the globe. "When water is converted into ice," Mr. H. observes, it expands 1-149tItils bulk.!' It is a remarkable, because an a nomaroussi:fiytt,that pure water acquires its maximum densitY at atidut 39 degrees, so as to suffer an equal expausion.for7several : degreeseither above or below that temperature. :Water, containing about 1-27th of its weight of salt, and, therefore, having the , specific gravity of sea water, has its point of maximum gravity below freezing point. • 'Upon the expansion . ofwaterldurin - g congelation de pends, probably,. the very existence ofthe glebe—cer-, tainly so, as the habitation - of mad; for if the ice formed were speclficlillY lieivier than the water in which it is formed, it.would sink to the bottoth, and so be removed from the influence of the sub's rays on returning spring. Another Winterivvould- add to the icy deposition, till the waters of ihe:oPeri would all be bound in "thick-ribbed ice," instead - :Pt which;- beivg.Specifically lighter than water, it floats - upon the sulface, and the first warm breeie or genial ray resolves it into its liquid form again. -".MarvelloUs ,ar.e thy works, oh Lord!"--" In wisdom has thou made: them A. brutish man doth not understand this, and -a : fool (loth not consider it." The language.of David: is the .genuine language of a philosopher, when he exelaimed, " Great are the works Of the Lord, sought out .of all them that have pleasure Another proof of - beneficence is manifested in this - expansion of water:, Not only . the rock is disin tegrated;bitt the'" stubborn glebe" is pulverised for the fOr the business ofikusbabdry beyond the power : of man to imitate, whilst labour beyond calculation is spared. The buoyancy of the Dead Sea, and other waters im pregnated with salts, was very ingeniously illustrated by Mr.ll. So great is that of. the Dead Sea, that an-ordi nary man would require between thirty and forty pOunds Weight of lead to be added to him to make him sink. We now come to Mr. H.'s lecture on Metallurgy, in which if we find less Matter for comment, it is because there is more of historical detail in it; not less of inte rest. We think, however, that lime performs other of. fives besides that of defending the melted metal from the oxygen of the air. Indeed,.there cannot possibly be any oxygen present where the melted iron is, because it is surrounded by carbon; besides, we always see the lime run from the cupola combined with silex and oxide of iron. Lime itself would he infusible. It is not impro bable that ,lie first action which takes place in the cupola is'a combination between the oxide of iron and the lime, Which afterwards, as it descends-into a hotter part of the cupola, is decomposed by the ignited carbon. We think that Stahl has given Moses credit for being a better chemist than his narration requires. There is something so circumstantially particular, and every par excep.t the fusion of the gold, so mechanical, that We think.the explanation afforded : by the German *philo iopher altogether conjectural—very far from demonstra tion. :\NTO.Confess ourselves a little scepti6al concerning the solutfon' of gild' in bydruretted sulphuret of pot, ash or soda. We.know that every salt 'of gold is preci' pitable by . , , the hydrosulplfurets. If we might be in Bulged in a little.speCulation, where we have no better, weAgold thirk the , graltrqltion .of tha gold might be rendered so tine, by pouting it into Water;:as to admit of its 'being; "Strawed." We . have many times, reduced lead almost to powder by such a process. Lead does not require otwenty-four. hours," indeed scarcely o rinute, to become covered with a " film of oxide;") and the period for.converting•a fur7iace of lead into "red lead" takes more than the revolution of a day: . . . W 4 'itiay once - more to' our operative friends, continue to "lend your ears" to Mr.-H., and .exercise your jndg ments upon all you , hear. • MUSICAL FESTIVAL. Receipts, Ex peaces, 1836 £6.442 Receipts, 1833,. £7,972 Expeaces, 1833, £4,812 Divided amongst the charities, 1836 £2 300 • 183.3, £2.900 1830 £2,0( . 0 The increased expences of last festival are chiefly owing to the oratorios . being held in St. Peter's instead of St. Luke's Church, an I to making the communication between the Ball room, in the Town-hall. and the Underwriter's-room. The choir in the church was also.: ch more numerous than upon former occasions. LivEitroot. MUSICAL P . At..—We understand that the committee have divided. the stnn of £2,300 amongst the public charities, and that it has been distributed in the following man trer Infirmary £BOO Dispensaries • 4(X) Northern Hospital 2OO Blue Coat Hospital.. - 200 Provident Dis. Society 2OO School for Deaf and Dumb 100 School for the 50 Ladies' Charity;.. ••• • • •.• 50 Moorfields School £5l Caledonian School. Irish School.. \Velsh School Ophthalmic Institution 50 ftetu.e for the Destitute 20 Female Penitentiary 2O LADIES' CHARITY.—The annual ball in aid of the funds.of the Ladies' Charity takes place at the Town-hall, on Tuesday, the 27th inst. Mrs. Augnstni - Callipbell acting as lady patroness and Mr. F. llaYwi , od - as president.—Mr. Y. Stubbs furnishes the quadrille.bands, and, a military band will play in the vestibule. We are glad to.hear that Mr. Phillip Jennings, son of Mrs. Jennings, of WiltoWLiffe'et;OwestrY:, distinguished himself on his entrance at. St. ,4ohros pote g e, Cambridg . e, by gaining a scholarship on his first st.t.tipg. :. Mr. Jennings is the first pupil that hai gone to college iiiinitOwestry SchoOl . since the appoint ment of the presegt head' master,. the Rev, Stephen Donne.- - Sak).plati Journ al, ... z. , : _ ,., . THE WELSH CHUnc}l.—‘ l 6miderstand the Welsh residents in Livetpoolintend holding a politic meeting to petition parlia ment for a thorough reform in the Welsh Church, particularly providing efficient Welsh paitors, - a•Moreeqnitable distribution of revenues, and to better alipropriairlh€D);or j sinritual anti mural wants .of.the people:. :'Tit Welsh residentin Chester in tend also to follow their exaMple. - ' -,, 9 " 7,1 , ' ... 111rtE IhowN.---This o gentleniati fivheis44l4illy the. ftrst - flute.playerin this. part ofythe conntiYii.initOsigiving.,...4:,9l%-, cert at the Templars' Ukill on Wednesday next:-.=WeaidelblL stand'that it will be :very extensively patronised, not.rottly on account el his merits as an, insrupp.ntal performer, but from the estimation in which he is generally held. WAVERTBEE NATIONAL SCHooLs.—On Tuesday nex t t h e children connected with these schools will dine tot/ether. This is the first instance in which the boys and girls will have jointly partaken of the treat Pirrvided for them under t hetpatronage of the ladies'of Wavertree. ~.The annual examination took place yes terday, when the pupils acquitted themselves to the satisfaction of the audience, and eVinced considerable improvement in those brancheS uf knowledge in Which they are instructed. - . Rtgicort:i.— , Few 'daces in this part of the country have made more rapid strides in the march of iinproveinent than has the small but thriving toVri of Buncorn, nor can we sufficiently ad mire the public spirit :4?f its inhaliitant, for within. the last few years it has risen from, a petty insignificant village to a place of considerable traffic;' indeed it may be said that few places pos:•• sess:the•natural advantage's that it uncorn does—situated on the estuary of the river Mersey, its new and spacious docks . 'afford protection and accoriiinodatiou to a Considerable portion • of the coasting trade from. Ireland, Wales, and the northern ports of Lancashire, whilst at the same time they afford convenience to the barges and other craft trading 'along: the canals of the Duke of Bridgewater and the Old Quay Company, both of which ter minate at Runcorn, and thus add materially to the bustle and interest usually attendant :upon a sea -port ; nor can Runcorn be said to be very far behind in her internal iinprovements; for though her public bilildings may not he - numerous, they are nevertheless respectable in point' of architecture;- we• particu lady notice an elegant new chapel, lately.erected-bY John Tom ktusoe, Bsq., of Liverpool, the 'National School,' the Town. Hall,the venerable-Parish Church, Brunswick Chapel, and last, though not /east,. her two cloud-capped columns, yclept chimnies, (and Which it may be proper to add - completely answer the end they were:intended for, viz , to cart'y Off the noxious gases and. effluvia from the two soaperies;) the population, too, is rapidly increasing, and several new streets are laid out, and new houses are 'course of erection ; the projected improvements are qiiite ' in char acter _with the port. A new church is about to be built,, and we r.• notice is given to apply for an act to incorporate a Gas Light 'Company. :We. confess- it has often struck as something En.c prising that such a company had not been formed long ago. That Runcorn is a healthy place may be inferred froni , ; the rileful - Visages of its medical men, who complain bitterlV that • there epidemic,no:fever—timee for them are bad. . „ , , . • THE LIVERPOOL T ‘NDA.RD. , . . , TOWN-COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS.:4,-- , ..-- - ! : 1 TII . ELLIN,.',ERPO . O . la:C . H . OR..'a_L SOCIETY. ...T r ifisihneishingettocietv held its third public meeting for the A special meeting of the Town Council was held on Tue s,. l a y PeriormaoceeiVitcur inirsic on Tnegd,q' ovenin g last at the last, at eleven o'clock. - -' ion illitheati r ' ."triA. , meetines of this society have always an FITIE-POLICE RATE. attioitinv,' it'ftit4k4le:t. - the audiences invariably being large ; The MAYOR signified to the .Council, that the first subject which wouldaletaand their attention, was the institution - . otaa 'aitti,Airiahe tireiehtlt‘Ci%elot the house -.presented as crowded ' e .-- Thwagateere nCe,:quid*,ireipi:_etable,atranditory as.we have ' wit- Fire-police rate. '.. • gi u 6l:4l ... iii- n'inoflitlititeVien . s - twatetings, , The character of the •The Tower CLERK said that the 5.5 th section o ° f't ' he a-444141Z! e. tt nipPinrOaditseeieLl' bat the musical talent of. the so- A, pasted . in IS . 26, gave power - to establish a Fire-police in. thiw . ,e ete n t s .o town, wich was vested in the Commissionere of Watch, ScavenM Al iat l / 2 t .6- 44 v, - • la a na .rarihtgapiestrdv,ofiite• members. On the present 5 !Reid , alt ht has taken- than a soar to the sub gers, atid"LeMps; who Were empowered to levy an annual- rates 44, 1 ; itiev ,6 .ff. 44 , 01 N"l't NieSsiiih:," This, after so recent a per for its support 'Chic referee the commissiorters, who . Wei l =yor ritailk. of itiiimratorio at the late. Liverpool Festival, was a .. Subsequently referred all their powers to that Council- -Thcrelees i leiekee , (..ii k tetiik . foi.: ~4-. vuu n',l . soci ety. The overture with fore the Council now the commissioners under e-ac-tht re . .,,q, . 4 -. nil,l chi • biattilq6-iotnenentes *as very brilliantly executed; terred to. The 6 - Tense's had amounted last year:to Elit ' s°646 'loWes -- C tinatWtefOrbear t e stifying oar approval of Mr. M. who h was raised by a rate of •£lOOO. The latter had produced ,• hAricli'slAerrts iik - a. conductor: he kept the orchestra te.. £lO6l, leaving atalance in favnur•of the - rate of I.:11. The.Fire-e ' , kether:witff thatilitity'and•peecisiort of effort which alone can police has received in contributions ,from the insuranceoffices seetatele l aiedierecif themselves almost sufficient to produce effect. the sum of £290 which left a balance of £760 as to the expenses, , AI i ' I?J'b'Litt iiiiig''tlie ' recitative, with accompaniment, " Corn- . The £290 would not _now be required in the shepeoD arezontribuelefe tt l rfk 4 l ,4 iitkiletaiblV and in his usual style. this gentle tion, bat they Would have. power to call upon- .the insuraneeitea k e e s eet ileile e a oeye n a fixed; fe r- ; he invariably sings about the offices to contribute to the support of the Fire , policelestablishec a e ata em o c e,aeee iiiiy 1,,. - merit, what wenlir be equivalent to the motteNaheretofdreraisedf cfrinimti wet.i w ,.. depended upon. The chorus which given with •that marked precision which distin by.volUntary contribution, the surntia.be.tlinelirbeured woultle--,6 44. , h6 . .' The probable sum lequired , foe'expenses incur- r. Literpool ehoriSterseand was exceedingly well ex be about equalecuted.-- ,The recitativeeby,Mr. Petnberton, ".'thus saith the .red for the act of parliament passed last session woulcthe about Lord of Hosts," was 'given with this gentleman's ueuel, well -£500: If therefore', to' the.simeof . £760 they-added this £5OO, tedined style. Mr. Pernbert °repossesses a vnice of considerable £' n w it would . give 1260, was which the sumo anted. They,were coMpass;aod has it in good command. Hie intonation is ge empewered- . by the act to levy a rate, not to : be , greater than a nerelly correct ; and his 'execution good. There is,. however, a halfpenny in the pound, rwhieh weuld - give them £l.OOO, the rate , peculiar -quality of tone 'about his voice of rather a harsh nature , tieing confined : to the' old borough, Whieh•woUld leave : them a acid in an audience like the one on 'luesday.night, a deficiency. deficiency' of about £ lOO,- . liWas therefore , proposed, that the Of' volume. Mr. - Dution's recitative. "Beheld! a virgin shall rate should be laid' atAne 'halfp'enny in: the pound. • conceive," was rather below mediocre. , The air and chorus Mr. JOHN He t'sillinti'ved that the rate be laid ata half-penny which followed e however.• "0 thou that tellest good tidings," in the peund. were very-well triven. The recitative, with accompaniment. y Mr. WA L mtilE S'econiled-lhe motion; ~. - ' • Mr.' Davies, ." FOT behold darkness shall cover the earth," waS 51e. RA Ni sieiN . .onslderetl the Act of. P ar li am ent to be very . • decidedly the gem of the evening. . 'This gentleman possesses a unequal' in iti_p:oviions. 4 ,l)fniili ,, lttiger contributions. in h is fine melo&ous organ, capable of - great volume of time, and tbe h.fii.iii(iii, ought to he paid'hylfYe 'tire Insurance offiees, ass it evenness of his c're , ;cendo and its round fullness was very beau - was princ i pailYfot t ;tfieir benefit that.the establishment was tiu .. , t I 'l'he air and suceeedina chorus were splendidly given, irtainta.inett:i.9liVact operated meth in- favoor of warehouse .• The succeedine recitative, "There were: shepherds Wilding," properly."Hirlifitild property: could lie insured for - 3s. per cent:, WO Sung by Miss Leach. This lady appears to us to have con ' premium;eViliiWthe charc . *e rin'Uateheuseiproperly was at least . 'Mderablv improved in her singine. Her execution of some of 12S. per eenf.;'inti as the r :Fire'uffieeS , were principally 'connected with - the Warehou4lircipertV , the*,kyught to take On themselves, toe cadenzas 'Wits very pretty. Her voice, though powerful and wit the expense in that ratio. The Fire offices had all the benefit sw ee t, is rather thin in - quality of. tune. One greet beauty of her singing is her great steadiness and perfeeteself-possession. of the establishini.nf, and yet they only contributed one-quarter - rhe aii by her, " Rejoice greatly," was soug with much sweet ot' the expense of its maintenance. • He therefore; hoped some oilie; agreement would be made, so as they might be called upon "then shall the eyes of the - blind be opeue" , was sung by Mrs, to pay ;it leeit'arree - firurths of the cost. . . • Heaton, a cantatrite Who has, we understand, but lately come ~. Mr. Ceti nit said'theY were now proceeding in compliance. ti , reside in Liverpool. We can pronounce her a mist decided with an act of parliament, which they were bound in obey. The acquisiti.n to the.vtieal corps. She has a contre-alte voice of present rate was merely to cover the expenses of the-establish-. fin e qualitra rind some of 'her tones reminded us of Mrs. A. mint. All extiatirdinary expenses that might be incurred at Shaw. 'rite follotvin'g aireby the same lady, ", lie shall feed his fires, in' cases of insured property, would have to be borne by the flock,'" is a sweet legato:movement, acid twos sang with a rich insurance offices to the utmost farthing. - mess and volume of tone which was perfectly delightful. In the Mr. PLATT asked if the rate would not extend to Toxteth- ...Second part the air by Mr. J. Stott, " He was despised and re park. Jected of • , The Towst 7 cLEßic replied, that it was confined strictly to the -Men," was very sweetly sums; and the chorus was very limits of the old borough. ' . .., efficient. ' . Mrs. Brand sang the recitativee" lie was cut off out, ' . GEORGE Hoyt said, that but very few of the dllinge, of the' land," very prettily. Her voice, however , .has a thin - Mr, houses in the we ness`and.poverty of tone about it.- She executed - the air,-"But " But town, comparatively, were insured; scarcely any but those which were trader mortgage, so that the rate would • thoutilde:, riot-leave his scut in hell," exceedingly well , and met not fall so heavily on thedwelling-hoirses as might at first be With"a .partial encore which , she acknowledged.- The sir by. , Mrs. Dutton, " How bear beautiful nee , ttife- feet of them," passed imagined:iiff witiaotit anything retnarkahlel.l , Theeilteceeding. quartet by Air. Hoim'say said, the Town-clerk had stated that, last yeata the expellees were £1,050. Now, £ 1 , 061 had, he said, bee pro - sotind is Mrs. 'Dutton, and Mestsrs. StottAartifice, and Hadley, "'their doted by the rate, in addition to £290 received from the iiisur- Mr, Peat- ' gone out into all lands," was.well executed. The air by henna,' " - Why do the nations," was,again a fe time in ante offices; from this it would appear, that there must be a the eVening's performance. .Allowing for the. went . of suffitlient volume and a' slight coarsness of itorre e it.was a very brilliant clear balance-of £3OO in their favour. . ~.. Mr. J: 'HOES said, there had been a previous balance: • ' LM against the rate, which the Town-clerk had omitted to mention,. .' performance. . The shake. and cadenza atthe conclusion of each • sentence, •":A. vain thing;,'.'. and.." Is be.auointed," were beauti of £290. - tifully executed antiques with deserved and very loud applause; .. The Towtx• , ctErtic said, that of this £230 had been paid into- 'the following . . DO. . chorus wav given. with almost electrifying pre the bank, leaving the actual balance about: 'l6e TowN-cLettx read over the form of the ratee and the mop eisiou. Thesticceedingline•recitative, " He, that dwelleth in litsven shalt laugh them to scorn," was assigned to Mr. Dodd. thin of Mr. Holmes was agreed to. . Wehave before expressed.an opinion, or rather reriaiiied from . • TABLE OF VEER. . ,' •, , ' expressing -an opinion on this gentl eman's singing. When. Mr. WALIISLEy, as Chairman of the Borough Court and however, parties lilacs themselves before the public as professors Court of Requests Committee, presented the report of the latter .(if aby art and as candidates for public estimation, they must respecting the table of fees to be taken by the officers of the local e„. , e e „,,„ jell in th a t es ti ma tion by their proficiewy or otherwise courts, stating that they had proceeded in the business under the in that art and science.which they.prefess ' • sod they, of course, guidance .if their legal advisee,.the Town-clerk.' • - :iiihject themselves to public criticism , . We should not have • The Towle-ct.ERK read the report asifollows :—. r ' .1 At a meeting of the - Borough Court and .Court • ' entered on this long preamble had we not understood that our Committee, to which the table of fees to be settled under the:= v il o f Requ e sts ' 'Tirevious'refraining from criticism of his siuging at Miss H yams' municipal act were referred, on the '2oth- December, 1836, the nceit, has given to this gentleman "grave offence." We 'Will,' 'however,' strive to win his favour, if such be his wish, by following letter from the Home Secretary was read : . , " Sir,e--LordJohn Russel directs the toinformthat, puttering on a fair and impartial though passing criticism of his ing received from the councils of boreu,ghs - for his confirmation Teen Live coeweenee: . .perfermence. In the firstfnaissimo with hich he made this he pitched 'his voice far beyond its power, and allowance, tables of fees proposedja be taken in pursuance and as a natutraltensequencer by applying too heavy a clapper Of the 124th section of the municipal act, and haying perceived to the bell a his , organ he-give it is most decided. crack, with in them great disparity, and waut of due proportion in--the which it clanged-most unliareachriously throughout all the rest amounts of the fees, his lordship has considered it would be con- of the ,patheekigned him._ ._Like Milton's beautiful description venient and advisable, that a revised and'uniform table should of the opening of hell's gatese,it "Grated harsh thunder." — be prepared for the consideration of the Borough Council and Vie quality. of his tone is also-disagreeable having a peculiar . of the respective officers. • The enclosed tables of fees have been prepared with this view, after a carefuleevision and comparison:, thick flatness -about it ain turning from the natural requisites of the.several tables transmitted by the Councils. I inn directed . 'to 'the fOrtnation. of , a good . singer, .we do not find any thing ,to desire you to lay a copy of eac h . table before the Council more to in. his singing - ia what depended upon acquire their consideration, and to request that those copies may he re .ft'r merit. The emphasis was ludicrously misapplied, and his pro , turned, with anyobservatious which they may deem it necessary 'nunciation in the cadenza of the air, ," like a pot-tees ves-sel." to rouge thereo n: The other enclosed copies are sent for the. was, to use a: very mild term, erroneous and unmusical, and par look of the same unfinished character as did the singing of the ' officers to whom they are respectively addressed, to be returned whole piece. We 'Would strongly advise this gentleman, if he with their respective observations in like manner. r wishes to escape critical castigation, to practice- yet, for some "In making observations on the enclosed tables, it will be time, his sot /'a la, and his chromatic ascending and descending convenient that the observations should refer to the letter at the scales, and the numerous family of " the graces" which we re tread of the table, and to the number of the fee in the margin.— I am, sir, • • •—• (Signed) S. M. PHILLIFS. ineinber to have seen, when "scrapers of cat-gut" in by - vine years, classed under the head of " Rudiments of music," before " - to the l'own-elerk of Liverpool." • . . he . againattempts to sing in public. The " Hallelujah" chorus The table of fees referred to in this letter was retakeninfo which follows was splendidly given, and strongly reminded us consideration, and, of its insigulecent performance under the able conducting of First,. the table,of fees for the clerk of. the peace for the Sir George ,Smart, with' araerchestra and chorus embodying the borough, with which were considered the courts' table and the principal musical talent: Of the country. Perhaps the most table. heretofore used in this borough, the former being higher striking; part which failed in the comperisou was the trumpet than the latter; and both higher •than the table transmitted to accompaniment. Here the splendid and thrilling tone produced the flume-office. • by Harper. was greatly missed. The. tone produced was clear, - Resolved—That the table transmitted by the Home-office, of Secretary of but was nit certain,. and was thin in quality ; it wanted that the same may be finally settled by his Ma jesty's State, be proposed to the Council for adoption.' splendid precision and fulness of lip w hich render Har p er the trump : of trutnpeters. But the greatest fault of all was in the Secondly, the table of fees for the registrar of the Borough instrument, which was horribly out. of tune, and in some of the . :Court.- --. . ... - . -.. .. . .. - - • high notes was a full setni-tone flat. The performance of the Resolved—That the same, subject to alteration for adoptipg ehoristerswasealiethat-we could wish, The succeeding air by , it to the practice of the court; as the same is now under.revision, .• Miss Leach. " ',know that, my .redeemer Hyatt," was very 'and to the costs . orthe attorne.vs, now. suhtnitted e to the Asses- prettity . sung withAliat peculiar steadiness which charecterises see and. to be' laid beftire the •Vice-Chancellor, and two of the , her, and .iriet :with loud applause. The following recitative ,by jitrigea, fur 'confirmation, be adopted; such alterations not on I Mr. Davies, "Behold I tell you a mystery," was sung with,a the whole - increaSing the fees to the registrar apeordiog to this I flue even••full tone.' The grand chorus at the conclusion was table, and' being-appruved by his Majesty's Secretary of State. .well executed, 'hut its , beautv was lost by the figetly .steteuf the, Third; fhelable or fgeo,for thii.in,gisti'ate,o d to. retire, . audience who began to refire. The per"ormance (awl in saY - Resolved—That:the lame affords. on the whole, a sufficient.' . ng so, we do not wish to speak in disparagement , ) on the whole. allowance,,hut that the fees fall heavily in many cases where ' was characterised by that feeling of fl atness which gen e r all y they cannot ,be well borne; auct• lightly in others where more appertains to a lengthened performance of sacred music where may be amended without the allowance being ou the whole ex there is not a contimed succession of first rate and extraortii tendei... And that , it.,is, therefore, expedient to re-construct nary talent to arouse and fix attention. We cannot Conclude, this table, and to submit the same, as re-contructed, to his Ma- however, without congratulating this society on the success of jesty's Secretary of State, not, however, increasing the yearly their efforts in propogating , and encouraging a taste ho music amount. . . . . . communicate ' ' aming.the middle ranks a o . sciety; the result of which was ReselvedejThat the Town-Clerk rbe directed to cO very visible in the proficiency and evident improvement of these resolutions to the Home-office, and be authori sed to early thecloariaters 'the same into effect by the , necessary alterations, revisions, and corrections, - . • ,------ Resalved—That the chairman be requested to report to the • council. - • - • : " . ~ Mr. ROBINSON, seconded by Mr.• Hamby, moved the adop tion of the report, which was • agreed to. ~ 1 - 10ISTING SACKS OF- FLOUR INTO WAREHOI:sES. ' The MAYOR stated, that he haul received a petition from the flour-dealers in Liverpool, numerously and respectably signed, complaining. of a clause in the new cede of by-laws which they 'said would put them to considerable loss and inconvenience. It was agreed to refer the subject to the by-law committee. ' rhe ToWN-CLERK stated -that the by-laws referred, to, were before the Secretary .of State for his approbation; it would he therefore desirable nut to take any steps for their alteration at present. • 11 , 1 r: HATHRONE said he believed the by-law referred to, was,. that individuals were nut to raise flour by means of horses only where such a mode would prove inconvenient or' obstructive to the public. . The TowN-CLERK referred to the by-law in question, and it was found that Mt. Rathbone's view of the - subject was correct. Mr, RATHBoNE explained that he did not wish to take the Subject out. of the hands of the by-law committee, but merely that the true meaning might go abroad and allay apprehension. WATCH COMMITTEE. . Mr. WA-Orgies said a report having gone abroad that:some error had been committed in laying the watch rate, he wished to ask the Town-cleik if the precept had.been strictly correct. 'The Tow N-c ae RK said it was correct, and that the proceeding had been governed by' the opinions of the most eminent counsel. He (the Town-clerk) had heard of such a saying, and it appeared to hiin that theindividual who had made use of it, had read only the first part of the 84th section, which . . declared, after certain notices and•appointments had been complied with, the old pro. 'visions in local acts as to watching, assessment or collection of 'rates to provide for the expenses and payment of watchmen, &c., should cease and determine.- The proviso at the conclusion' of the 92d section of the act insist have escaped the notice of the person alluded to. It was as f o llows, " provided that in every, case in which before the passing of this act any rate might be, levied in any borough, or in any parish o r: place made part •of , any berough . utider the provisions of this act, for the purpose.oF watching solely, by day or by night, conjointly . with any other purpose, it .shall be lawful forthe council of such berough,:to, levy a watch . rate •stifficietif to raise any SUM not greater than ~the average yearly stun which during the last seven years , shall r have been exeended in the maintenance' and establishment 0 ,. watehmen, constables, patrol or policemen, within the distriei, where such rate was levied, and for that purpose 'the council ,shaillaye all the 'powers - hereitibefore given' to the conhcii in {he matter of the borough rate, where any part of 'any borough :shall not at - the time of the passing, of this act be within the ..proyhicenierthis act authorising the levy of such rate for Watch. irig tiinforeitiiii, it shall be lawful for the council from time to ,' tifnelo Order that:such part or so Much Thereof as to theCOUP.S.lit ,slaall . teendit,,shall be rated to the watch rate in like manner as Other pails of the borough . Wire ., specified in suet} order, .and "itticli watch rate thereupon shall be levied 'within-the part-men . tioned in - such order in like manner as the other part of. the ' ' borough so specified; and all such sums so levied in pursuance • of such watch rate shall be paid over to the account of the bee rough fUnd." •it would therefore be seen, the Town-clerk said. that the tarsier to le,vy the watch rate rested in the provisions .of the n.itnicipal act itself, and not in any of the old acts. The reference in the 92d section as a proviso was only made forth° purpose of giving the maximum which they were empowered to levy, which was, that it should not exceed the_ annual amount of expenditure on an average of the last seven years. The MAYOR announced that the business was concluded, and the council separated. LI VE I?POOL POLICE. --- SHIP RoenEar.-- s -Yesterday at the Police-office, two men named John Murray and r ilobert Davison, were brought before the Magistrates charg4c( with having the night before broken open the, rompanion of the smack John's," lying in Salts house Dock, and, stealing therefrom a coat. Francis George, dock policeman, deposed to - seeing the prisoners go on board the smack the-night before without any thing with them. In two or three minutes he saw Murray leave the vessel and look. about him ; he then went on board again and returned with a blue coat over his arm when he stopped him. He said a young man on board had given him the coat to take on shore. He then left Murray in charge of another constable and went on board. the "John's." He found• the companion broken open and. healing.a'yoice below he procured a light and went down where he found the prisoner Davison pretending to be asleep on the bunker. He then took hint into custody. On asking him if he . was one of the crew he replied, " You never mind, it will be all right." - He then conveyed both prisoners to the station,: and in about a quarter of an hour - Samuel M'Cullock came. and owned the jacket. I%,l'Cullock , deposed to being master of the vessel "John's" lying in Salt-house Dock, and that he the jacket in question on his bed the day before in the, c a bin. Ile came on shore leaving a boy in care of the smack. At about 5 o'clock he was sent for to the vessel and found the companion had been broken open and his jacket gone. „He afterwards found it at the station. Neither of the prisoners be longed to his' vessel. Murray in defence said, Davison gave the jacket to him, and Davison. said he was in liquor, at the tune'''The depositions for their commitment were., ordered to be taken. Assak i t.T.- 7 FFEcTS O F 4 A L o usy.--I , e)rerilay at the Police. office 4, y(.ing-Wdiliti4.namedllary Hughtis;Land a respectable looking,: trriddle:iiell'woniiiii4 nittned MUNI 'Anderton, were charged before the nigistrtifel'hY another tema le named Jane Croft, for g, O mg to herihnilge'atid'bretkino . and clestroving her. ,furniture.; The complainant stat e d that s he had a charge to -shake . agaitis't Mrs. flugtieS,' for going to her house on 'Tuesday tnornine la t and saying there was a correspondence going on t , betweeti r and daughter and her hitsband. The ? 114the.'ll ot ..tifie' came to her house and brought two women , . with I?(Yr i ltteg,keit'. if her husband hail been there that day.— She (complainiet) replied that he had not, when she retorted that she (complainant) was " a bad Woman." 'One of the other women then said " is the infernal faggot here ? bring her out." The women then commenced striking her 'and her son and her daughter, aod thrbwing het `mugs and pots about and spilled 'all lier tlelllr Hall, —"'Well young woman what do you say ?" Margaret itglies,-,-" Vniir honourlhat lad% has harboured my 'husband illong'With her datiehter knireing liiin to be a tnarried man; l'or the 'la'st two inntiths; and when I went to ask for him to her house I was ill used: and last night when I went there In ask for him, her son threwijOg 'of water over my cloak. and was going to beat me with `the . tongs.when this good woman `,(the ;paler prisoner) protected me. And they gave me this :bjack-eye: libe. other ;prisoner said there was a great scuffle WI thenlap got broke in the scuffle. One of the police gave the prisoner a gooithataeter as a quiet and respectable woman. 'lr. Hill, (to, the p r isoner Hughes.) " Because you are jealous ot the - daughter on ought net to create a disturbance in the Mother's house. The prisoner; (with great violence,') "So long as I ,eatched them together in Dale-street I had a right to go and tell her mother of it:" Mr. Hali,—" If your husband is a good-for-nothing felklw and chooses to go elsewhere, von are not to go and atiuseli t e(n;_ I shall line Anderton who had not the same provocatiorkslOu, half-a-crown, and remand you to the bat to coiisider? Whether I shall require y ou to find bail to . keep the peace." AT . , A TEETOTALLER'S ADVl(sa t —Yesterday, a dirty-looking fe male, was placed, before the magistrates. charged by a demure- Woking. persouage..named Michal Sullivan, a member of the teetotal society w amiffi abusing him for a teetotaller, and creating a disturbancein his house,.The complainant who was possessed iu an eminent degree ; .wi‘h that affected, and conceited man nerism which often distinguishes members of particular societies • from its ?aim of acquirement, cud the fancied importance which it giv-...5. them, amid, as often,, tends to attach a slighting, and dis respectful-nick-name to the , whole. tiody to which they belong, then proceeded " with measured step and slow" to deliver him self ef.his,complaint. He said. " Your worship. This woman (who is disgraced by statoling in the dock) is sister to the lady of vhdert .1 rent my house." Mr Hall.—" Well, ...hat did she do to •yon:?";-Courplainairt.—" A few days ago she.carne for the rent as i.waS meditating over my tire. But I would not pay her the rent till she was in a fit state to receive it, as she was in a shock ing -state,of inehre---ety," 1N1r..1) all. ' " Well, what did she t o your?'.'. -, Complaiaant.—" Well, sir, listen. So I gave tier some good ittivieei,aucl,,told her to- gas. home, and get sob er, and co n i c then to me, and I ivouid pay her the rent." fir. Hall.— '• CannOttyou emit ,this long : story story short, and tell me what she ''did ?." '. , Cernplenciant.—Wellsiri she came to m y house calling - • tne,a teetotal this, and teetotal ; that, and a teetotal the other, till I told her if she , Wool() not go away, I would fetch the po--lice. And lust night I was reading a teetotal temperance „publication over iny tire side, When this poor woman (who has 4ltsgraced nerseif by, being placed at the Intr), came in. and be gan abusing inn jiva similar manner, so I went out, and fetched in one , of the,,po-thee-,men. I am sorry for the poor woman, but she is over-persuaded by, those who are not her friends, oc casionally to, get inehre 7 .-eted." Mr. Hall.—" Then you had THE FIRST GEORGE ADT WORTLEY'S CIIARACTER OF .HlM.—The King's character may be comprised in very few words. In private life he would have been called an honest blockhead ; and fortune, that made him a King, added nothing to his happiness, only prejudiced his honesty, and shortened his days. No man was ever more free from ambition; he loved money, but loved to keep his own, without being rapacious of other men's. He would have grown rich by saving, hut was incapable of laying schenies for getting; he was more properly dull than lazy, and would have 'been so well contented to have remained 'in 'his little town of Hanover, that if the ambitiOn of those about him had not been greater than his own, we should never have seen him in England and the natural honesty . of his temper, joined 'with the narrow notions of a low educationj -rnade him look upon - his acceptance of the crown as an act of usurpation, which was always Uneasy to him. But he was car ried by the stream of the people• about him in that,.as in eery action of hiS life: . He Could "speak no English, and was past tile age for learning it. "Our customs and laws were all mysteries to him, which' he neither tried to understand, nor was capable of understanding if heliiiii Mirka voured it: lie was passively good natured, and wished 'all mankind enjoyed qUiet, if they would let him do so. The mistress that followed him hither was so •much of his own temper, that 'I do not wonder at the engage ment between them. ' She was duller than himself, and conse quently did "not find nut that he:. was - so; and had lived iu that fif„tote at Hano . vetittinost 40 years (forshe came hither at three seore,l,wit hOut any 'affairs oldie Electorate,' con ' tent With the small , aliotve&h.6r, and the honour of his visit's When he hdd tci-do, which happened •very Aeu,,-I..grd Lix ; ' • , • • . ,Clr; a , e' ... better take her home, and give her some good advice.' (Corn. plainant stared.) (To the prisoner.) Don't you trouble him • do you .hear, go and enroll yourself in the s o c iet y to which h;s., belOngs." The prisoner bobbed s cartsy,and walked out of the dock, whilst the complainant , with bec oMin g deliberation,. 'and a look betokening no little , urprise, that a man of his cons.luence should be so uncereinoniousty treated, walked out of court.• A POPULAR COURSE OV CHEMISTRY, AT THE MECHANICS' INS FITU rioN. . LECTURE X , S• On Wednesday evening Mr. Hemming proceeded. The next metal for our consideration is the. valuable and use ful metal mercury. Mercury, like the previous metals,appears to have been known at a very early per Nil of time, and, like gold and silver, it i 4 found frequently in a.rhitive state of puritV. Like those two metals, it has been found all parts of the ,world. -. Great quantities exist in China, in :Hungary, Spain, and South America. We have very valuable ,mines at Idria,• Whieh until very lately produced Rio tons per annum. The -mines of Almaden, in Spatn, have been mach mote productive. These mines have been worked for a long time ;.for s Pliny tells us that all the - vermillion' used in Route was procured from Spain. Soon after the period when gold was disc , \vered in - South America.-there were 1,200 tons of liquid therciary'rernain.: tug in the -magazines of Almaden .after they had:.expred a large quantity for the purposes of rednciug the gold, and Over ' ores. We have no mercury in' England; but it is sa d ' that' small quantities of it have been found in Cornwall and Se's t land:- It is most abundant in nature as Cinnabar - ote, in South America native mercury is found very abundantly. , In', some cases it is found in the fissures of rocks, and in others it percolates through the rocks. - and is procured by placing vessels underneath to receive it. • When we meet with the ore in Com-' bination with sulphur, the following process of reduction is, resorted tn.—The ore is first reduced to powder, and then mixed with'one quarter its weight of slacked lime. This mixture is heated iu a retort: those of Almaden are made to contain 80 ponnds, the beaks of Which are immersed in refrigerators for the purpose of condensing the mercury as it conies over in the vaporous state. The rationale of the process is . very simple. The sulphur at a high heat leaves the mercury and combines with the lime. In some cases iron is used; but lime is much cheaper, and is generally preferred. But in each the same rationale obtains. The mercury, being left in its native state, is distilled over and condensed by abstraction of heat. Mer-' cury thus obtained is a remarkable metal differing from others. It is a perfect fluid of within 700°; it boils at 660 ° , and freezes at 46° below the zero of Fahrenheit's scale. Mercury is some times frozen by the natural temperature of the atmosphere. This occurs in high northern and southern latitudes." It has fre quently been frozen in Hudson's Bay. when it has been beaten on an anvil until it has been as thin as a sheet of paper. It is not a ductile metal; it haS so little tenacity that if cannot be draWn into wire. When snov is on the ground, it is by no means difficult to freeze mercury. It is, first reduced to zero by mix ing snow and salt together, and immersing the mercury in the mixture. r We then have to reduce it 40° lower, and this we do by means of other freezing mixtures The materials of Which • :the freezing mixture is made must likewise be Similarly re duced to zero before mixture. • In this way. large quantities have been, frozen.' Messrs. Allen and Pepyt, of London, dor-, .inoorosevere Hinter, froze no less than 56 'pounds of merc try. While in this state, a person was desirous of touching the ine'- tallic mercury; but he was quickly compelled to withdraw . h's= hand, as it communicated a feeling similar to that of iron at a white heat. Sir J. Ross states, that dire touched mercury, or any ,other metal at the same temperature, it communicated a sensa tion similar to burning, and the skin stuck to the metal. It would, therefore, e em that the sudden deprivation of large quart ties of calerie from the hand produces the same feeling as the tic -5,- sioti of caloric in large quantities'. While it has been frozen in Hudson'S Bay, a piece of it was thrown into hot water, but that instant it deprived the hot water of so much heat to liquify it, that the water became frozen. and the glaSs was broken by the expansion of the water. When mercury is exp ised - to tre atmosphere its cotour becotnea tarnished, probably by•combiu ing with the sulphuretted hydrogen, It is a heavy metal, being 131 times heavier thin water. A pint of mercury will weigh nattily as notch as a gallon of water:* Frozen mercury is . heavier than liquid inercura, in this it oiffers frourfrezen water, which being lighter than liquid water very fortunately floats upon it. Mercury evaporates spontaneously at all ordinary temperatures above 32 0 . '['his has been proved by a very deli cate experiment • Dr. Faraday covered the inner sutface of a stopper with a leaf of gold, i.nd placed it in the neck of a mercury bottle, and he found it coated with mercury, at alt tempetatures above 32, but not at that temperature 9r under. Mercury evaporates at high temperatures with •very great' ra pidity, in consequence . of Which the mercury mines are very destructive to the health of the miners. In . South America there is a large mercury mine, called Guanea Velica, one of the largest mines in the world, being 480 fathoms•deep, and 170 in circumference. In this mine there are streets and squares, and even a church, where divine service is performed on Sunday's, and saint days. The miners are all slaves, and to prevent th i n escaping, they are badly clothed. The temperature of the mines is high, and the vapour of mercury entering the lungs of the miners, salivates' them, and shortens their life. The employment of water gilillno,, as it was formerly conducted, was considered very unwholesome, and few workmen could be found to work in it. 'lt is usual to immerse the article to be gilt its a solution of nitrate of mercury; this will cover the metal with a coating of mercury. The article is then slightly brushed over with an amalgam Hof gold and mercury, and subjected almost to a red heat, and then we have a superficial coating of gold upon the metal. Formerly this operation was carried on at an open fire, and the vapour came into the apartment. The mode n ow adopted is to heat the article in a stove provided with a mica or talc window, so that the workmen can-watch the process. The old mode was found exceedingly injurious to the workmen; so much so that many marvellous stories are told of its effects. Boyle found metallic mercury in the head of one of these workmen six months after he had worked as a water gilder. In the Philosophical Transactions of 1665, it was stated that the body of a workman Was so impregnated with the metal, at a long period after he had left the business, that if he touched a piece of copper it would be amalgamated, and if the copper was pot into . his Mouth it Would be coated with mercury.: This effect is experienced by thrse who take large quantities of mer curial medicine, as the vapour will pass through the body in large quantities, and coat all the gold it touches with mercury. Although not subject to oxidation by exposure to the atmos phere, it absorbs moisture from the atmosphere ; on this ac count, therefore, in ta r e manufacture' of delicate philosiophical in'strunients, it becomes necesiary, even if we may not require a vacuum above the thermutneter, to boil the mercury to' ex pel the. .vatiour. A few years ago mercury' was sold at a ..moderate price, - about 2s: 6d. per pound' wholesale. it is now.. 4s. per 'pound. The reason • of this is that all the mercury` brought to England is purchased* by one house its Leri e `-' 1 don, who, by this monopoly, are enabled to - charge whit' • they like for it. It is, however, diffieult to obtain pure Mee cury, as it is alloyed with lead and bisinnth. It is a Singular property of mercury; that if we amalgamate it with bismuth we may add one quarter hs weight of lead to it without rendering it less fluid, and if we squeeze it thus alleyed in a piece of cha inoy leather, the lead and bismuth Will pass through the leather es well as the a - tett:my. If we attempt to distil the mixture, part of the baser meters will evaporate in the same Manlier with* the mercury. In order then to purify the mercury we had bet ter heat it with sulphur. and then refine it bs-the same process described for reducing the ore. We may test whether there be any bismuth present bydissolving the mercury in nitric acid,' when, if a little of the nitrate be dropped into water a white precipitate will indicate the presence of bismuth. This precis' plate is called the oxide of bismuth, and is sold in enormous quantities under the deninnination of pearl powder. Lemery, who introduced this cosmetic into Paris, made a rapid fortune by its sale. There is one little inconvenience attending its use, and that is, that if a lady who uses it approaches too close to any mineral waters as those of Harrogate, which contain sulphu retted hydrogen, the pearl powder will itutriediately become black. A little weak acid will, however, remove it. We have two oxides of mercury. two sulnhurets. of irnercurv, . and two chlorides of mercury. The combinations of mercury are all very important. The tirst oxide We will consider is the . peroxide of mercury, a compound of 200 parts of mercury, and' 16 parts, by ,weight, of oxygen. This is made by expos ing mercury in shallow vessels with a broad bottom to the heat of a sand-bath, and at the end of several weeks we find a simple film of oxide of mercury. We most .have a very long,' narrow tube to place in this vessel to prevent the evaporation of the mercury. This substance is, however, very interesting to the cheMist as being the material from which Dr. Priestley first obtained oxygen gas. , lie filled a .flaslo.full of liquid mer cury and a little of this peroxide, when by heating, it, with the sun's rays through a lens, thearxygen gas Was separated from the Metal by the heat, whilst • the metal united with the liquid mercury. He instantly examined the air he had then Obtained. and introduced a taper into it, and found . that the taner burnt - very much better than in the atmosphere. He next immersed a (ionise in some, and found that it lived a much luno,er time than it would in the same quantity of atmospheric air. This d.sco yery of its property of supporting life induced Priestley to make 'use of thataingular expression which proved the priority of his claim to the discovery of the gas which was disputed by Laviii sier; Priestley had said that he had found an air which if he could breathe alone earth would be a heaven to him, and that only two living beings besides himself had inspired it, which 'were two mice. There are various inethods:of obtaining this peroxide; we dissolve mercury its nitre acid, and evaporwe to dryness, and applying heat for a long time, but, not a red' heat, until all the water of crystalization is driven.off. and we haVe nothing but a peroxide left. Another is to precipitate the solu tion of mercury in nitric acid by means of an alkali; and by heating it to drive off its water, this will give us peroxide of mercury in the shape of a red powder which is very useful in the preparation of oxygen gas. In the state of commerce a quail tits of red lead is mixed with.it. we can easily d e tect by ti heang a portion of it, whets the mercury will be dissipated., and the lead, if any. left behind as a yellow - ,oxide. l'he most whimsical method of making the protoxide of mercury, which. like the peroxide, can be made by a variety of processes , was adopted by a chemist on the continent. lie placed a quantits of mercury in a bottle, and tied it to the sail *of 4 windmill, by which means every portion of the mercury being brought ra pidly into connexion with the atmosphere, he had a small quan tity of black or protoxide of mercury formed. We may make it by triturating mercury with any substanee 'which 'will di v id e , it, and cause it to present a number of surfaces to the atmos phere. The black oxide is the base of the famous. blue pill, and of various other useful medicinal c ompoundio The blue 0.1 is made by triturating fluid mercury with conserve of roses and li quorice powder. We make these oxides by another mode ; by treating bichloride of mercnry, with caustic potash we obtain peroxide of mercury, whereas if we take the pristochloride ut mercury we make the pro toxicle. These are not, howev e r, t o be recommended, lint are mer el y interesting methods of producing the oxides. The red, or peroxide of mercury is used in ' medicine, but it is of a poisonous nature. Mercury was in troduced as a medicine by Paracelsus, and it is asserted that be performed many miraculous cures by its means. This Pura pudent boaster. In of his essays, he celsta was a most impudent says that " he has inure experience in his beard than was con , tained in all the universities in the world." As he was upon this subject, Mr. Hemming alluded to another eccentric iudi vidual, Basil Valentine, who discovered, by chance, the re markable power of the metallic antimony. lie was operating upon some antimony, in pursuit of the philosopher's stone, and threw some into the hogs' trough. Tbe swine thrived upon the food. Seeing that it was beneficial to them, and produced a medicinal effect, Valentine thought that it would prove equally beneficial to the monks of his monastery. He administered it to them, but it killed the greater part of them. On this aio count the metal was called anti ?twine, antimony, a name.which it bears to this day. Basil commences his discourses in some what similar language to that of Paracelsus, by telling the world that all shall follow him, &c. Now, with respect to the chlorides of mercury, one of them is of very great importanee in medicine, f orm i ng ca l om el. It is called by physicians, subtnu- Hate of mercury, but it is a chloride. The per-chloride and it are toads in the first instance front sulphuret of mercury and cotnnaori salt. We. may make calomel by . Scheele's process, hut it does not seem to be so much approved of as the common process by mixing nitrate of mercury with common eel,. It is usually made by boiling, first of all, two pounds of mercury and thirty ounces of concentrated 'sulphuric acid. The rationale is simple. The sulphuric acid combines with the soda of the collusion salt and converts it into sulphate of soda, and the chlorine unites with the mercury. In order to make the cor rosive sublimate, the common salt, mercury, and sulphuric, acid are mingled in different proportions. in manufacturing' ~ 1 ~~ "TPO • (6, `a si v ii 40 • , n ed '''' 41.r"Llrudirj:t':..etsecil'etahailUr.iprIfilellstf;;;;°,,tr !ma. , k . imiri:at if: 17, ' , , . 4 " , ler Su b. calontel,,botecStar,.. it in• I tt -ca,tir r ti t w corrosive sublimate is Os. limate may he separated • 71 ( Taqa., • _ dissolves the corrosive ,oth.irnate N.: - ii::;,.. it „,:,,, --at, iiiteliTartintonia was fornaWy.reconamenws— _ il • "',.. for a , _ . ~.. wine- ef mem' 1 — removiug the corrosive sublimate, but it '•, • i ilorirr - . 14r : although this will' dissolve Cotrosiv e rattli• ~ . e ufr on ifie * another portion. We way Make t! e-• bi-t. , but less conveniently, by. the direct a:ttion of '.' — l 4 nesio merenry, for if we heat *.tnercury- in chlorine o. - ...'ir;' . although we cannot burn if under , viinary i citron.. ; We may also burn it with the voltaic battery, ~ but not wito a common fire, because it escapes in a e tate ,of ', vapour. The Sulpluirets oimercury are also important st;thstanecs. • •We have two of them, one of which was known at an . tarty pen ",od. Ciana- . . bar, or vermillion, is described by Isaiah as 'being ti ed as apeg-- . Anent in his time. Theophrastus likewise inentaens it i?i, his vierks__ - -- The only difference between suliihuret and 'tfi-sulptit. iret On -Sista in the difference of sulpton employed ; w haVe 200 parts mercury combining with 16 parts sulphur. and 32 parta ' ;sulphur. . The pi oto-sulphureC inity be made by tritorat:ngfor - soure tim e , the mercury and sulphur, until all the globules diaappear.' This is, however, an unscientific mode of doing it. • The better mode - will be to mix the sulphur and mercury in a ladle. and' to heat them, but here without great care the sulphur and mercury will escape: 'l'he best way is to pass a current of sulphuretted.hydro gen through "meretti y, and then we have it. The per sulphate of .' mercury or vermillion is' sotnetiinetobt4ined direct from the ore. The Chinese method. bv which they make very beautiful cinnabar,. is to distil the ore with . iron. We snake it in England by mix ing mercury and sulphur, amid then sublimingaheni, after wtich tt is carefully dried and ground to powder. We have two nitrates of mercury, as well as two sulphureta of mercury. The proto ititrate May be made .by adding . the mercury to the acid with ,* henting•it,lint if we heat it, . the compound will be' a per- ni'!rate." Copper will precipitate the mercury - from solution irc • the .nitrates: In addition -to- this we na,ty apply sulphitretted ic - 3-dia*n. The hydriodate of potass will give us a very beauti fureroviton'procipltate: l'he Ferro-cyanuret of potassium, and tincture`Ofgalli, will each'give ii.alirty green or English white, • and tilF ehromateof potiss will give a precipitate of-a red colour. i very remarkable compound of mercury, called foltuinating• mercury, hie hitely been extensively li •used; it was first intro duced byot'eard. Ir,is made . by mixing 100 trains of mer— enry with i otiucei of nitric acid; when the mercury is dis— solved " we add two ounces of strong alcohol - Very slowly, as otherwise considerable effervescence would take , place. In a • very short time.a b:tick powder precipitates: , we are then to wash this.precipitate witii•`-'arge quantities of wafer, and to dry it by a temperature not exceeding that Of a steam heat, otherwise an explosion may take place ; as it is a dangerous substance to handle, detonating with if fearful explision, small quantities only should be experimented upon. 'P his t•ubstanceis now used in the manufacture of percession caps; at first chlorate the of potass an.l.sulphur, with a sma ll quantity of charcoal left after _gunpewder has been washed, ww,eiriployed for this purpose. It , aas found, however, that the metal of the nipple was converted * into a sulphuret, unless platina wits - employed, and therefore the fulminating metcury was subsritnted , Which explodes as 'readily as the other compound without : injuring. the nipple.. The cap being placed on the nipple and struck, explodes and fires - the gunpowder in the barrel. _• . , : _T6- m orrow evening Mr. lienaming terminates his Course. . '': ~~ . TO JOSEPH WALMSLEY, ESQ., , Corn Merchant and Town Councillor— Patton of St. „Luke's • Church—Chairman . of the Watch Committee—Head of the Con stabulary Department—Factotum of the Reformed Con cil— Chairman . of the Tradesmen's Reformed Auociation—Author of the celebrated Work entitled" What hare the Council done r' Sfe, c. - - - - • - , . Data Justice,--Tithes have sadly changed with . us, that ' is, with you and me. We are old school-fellows, but our acquaintance has ceased for some tnne. You are now a great man, a very great mail; and, as I could not for the world . venture to speak to you now, (although you Is ere my fag when you were " a bit of a snivelling' lad,") i take this method of laying one or two grievances before you, because I am sure, 'from your übiquity, that you are the man to .redress them. I hear of you everywhere—the most diligent man at all tavern dinners, even, the murky atmosphere and sulphuric smells of ScotlaiuLroad and Vauxhall cannot prevent your patriotism. You are most vigilant iu the character of inspector at all dram-shops, and your super-human exertions have done much towards the amendment of public mo alt, tot.. which the public are deeply indebted to you. 1 fear they will not showt . y. ,u much gratitude, and that when you have 'done your best they will be uncivil enough to say that You have been an un rprofitable servant. But to the point. 'You must know, dear Joshua, that Mrs. Smith would have a bit of a box down on the North Shore, just beyond your house, last summer, and, after we left the situp at night, we used to go down there to sleep; but our passage along the footpath of Great Howard-street was regularly disputed by droves of those household animals, re gularly culled pigs, urged forwards by stalworth fellows, " mighty an' decent." and armed with long whips, specimens of " the finest pisantry," and not to be spoken to without danger. Mrs. Smith has already had two pelisses spoiled by these aliens, and her last green boots turned quite another colour by the ordure on the footpath, so that at last we have sported a one horse shay, and, about two days ago, for the first time in my life, I took the reins into my hinds, a thing my wife never per mitted me to do before, and we arrived in safety at Bootle. But the next morning we were coming to open shop pretty early, and such threading, and crossing, and shouting, and whipping had we to get through the coal carts by the canal , that I have almost resolved to send the pony to "Lucas's and, give up the cottage altogether. One cart was in the middle of • the street, and when I asked the man to " shift" he shouted out " go look!" Another was in the off channel, and I was obliged to cross the street and pass him on the wrong side. One driver was half a mile behind his cart, and another had no driver at all. _ _ _ I do assure you my dear Joshua that a voyage to the Pular Seas is not half so dangerous as a journey to Bootle. I have some idea of imitating you, and turning author, and writing a volume of my trai,els to and from Bootle: only I shall not let the public have my book gratis, as you have su liberally done. My wife has asked me a hundred times of What use are the new day Police? and 1 declare I cannot give her a satisfactory answer. Perhaps it is, that they are yet young hands at their business, — and three fourths of them be►ng Irishmen and Papists, we must not be too hard upon then, as they are wha► Mrs. Wiggins our neighbour calls "a hignorant My wife thinks that if Mrs. Walmslev went that way home, the carters and the pigs would be ref ai med, but as that lady usually goes by the way of the North Free School, it is better to let you know our grievance at once. Things in general are looking up,—the money market is fir mer,—and Guinea has been defeated. The guttling Conserve- Jives are eating and drinking all over the couutrv,—there is nothing to read about but Tory feeds and Tory gatherings in all directions:,, But pshaw ! the nasty bigots are nearly extinct, and another election or two like our last municipal, will extin guish them quite. Rathbone has behaved himself very civilly of late. Lloyd's list has been heavy. Cajeput is a drug at pre- Snit. Lords Melbourne and Johnny of course dine with us at the Amphitheatre one of these days. Capital job that new road along the•shote will be for your property and mine, and thegreat olic convenience ,tuo. It has been long wanted, and-Squire Leigh ought to hiive had it done sooner. Peas steady. Barley is enquired after, and•several sales have been made at the last quotation. I thought a little information on these matters would be serviceable to you, as you are so very ranch engaged in pub lic matters that you are not often to be found at your office. I urn, dear Joshua, your faithful friend, JOHN 851 ITH.—No. 2096. N.8.--Dont forget what I have said about the carts and the pigs. If you should summon me before the Watch. board I can prove all I have told you. TO THE EDITOR OP THE .LIVERPOOL STA.VD,IRD. Stit,-1 petceived in your paper of Tuesday a receipt for the cure of the tooth-ache, which you treated lightly. Being afflicted at the, time with it, and 'having been so fur a length of time, I determined to try the slaked lime, and I found the pain leave almost imMediately. For the sake of the thousands that suffer by it, I give tny name and address, and I skiallfeel happy its affording any information I can.—l am, yours very thankfully. GEO. WATSON, Cabinet-maker, J.itne-street- Liverpool, December 22,.1836. THE TIIEATItE-110YAL. • The French company of actors do not appear to "take" with the Liverpool audience. We confess we arc not much surprised at this. The pieces performed have been of a most trumpery Character, in-them selves---as pieces, barren of incident and. plot, 'aril abounding. only in long conversations , inte r l a rded - With an occasional bon snot and jett &Wit. This poverty . of amusing requisites, in the ground-work, has little aid from the • representation. The a hole corps, with the exception of M. Bernard, are of very mediocre talent. M. Bernard himself is possessed of very San and Miss Adelaide O'Bryien . consider the soul of the corps, and is really. able comic peers. Signor have delighted each evening by their beautiful and elegant dancing. The house has been but thinly attended, but the au dience has been generally select. .On Monday evening Mr. Forrest commences his eogagement with the play of "Othello," which part he takes, and Mr. Stuart, we believe, appears in the character which first raised him in public estimation in Liver port logo. Tins, we expect, will p rove a high treat...-. She. Arlan - - Knowles. play, " The Wreck er ' s D aug h ter, " h as b een out at Main hester, for the first time, we, belieYe in any provincial theatre, and has proved highly successful. The Man chester papers contain long•critiques of toe play itself as well as of the performance. it has been announced for repetition ' each night during the week. ; We are glad to hear that our faveurites, Miss Fancit and Mr. Stuart, have proved successful in their debut in this piece,_ in the principal characters Miss • Faucit, as Marion, has taken ground iu nue of tbe most. difficult characters ever drawn by the author. The Manchester papers have given a rarbai criticism of this lady's style of speaking occasionally in an affected tone and manner. This has been noticed by the Liverpool audience, and with the hand of friend ship we have, by noticing, endeavoured to induce this promising actress to amend it. We can easily imagine that if her affecta tion of manner should prove offensive, by running counter to the spirit of the character, that in Manchester it would be doubly so. Mr. Stuart has preserved his acknowleaged station, and has met with great applause in his representation oft he charac ter of Robert, the." wrecker." We shalt be enximis to see the piece brought out here. PnErEr.mtNT.—The Rev. T. G. JarneF, B.A of Brazenose College, Oxford. has been appointed to the lncumhency•of the Church of the Holy 'rrinity within Habergharn Eaves. in the Chapelry of Burnly, in the noorination of the Vicar of Whalley. . - A SELF-Dkvozan A RCHTTECT.—The chapter-hall (of the um- • nastery - of Bataiha, about 60 miles north of Lisbon), which you enter by the southeast cloister, is accounted a great curiosity, being very extensive, immensely 'tiny, and supported only by ito outer walls, without a single column or pillar. They have a singular tradition 'attached to this noble building; twice was it built, twice roofed in, and twice, when the scaffolding was le moved, the walls gave way, and it became one heap of ruins; but the architect would not he thus foiled in his ma g nificent un dertaking. A third time the walls were raiseil, the richly groined roof rising spirally atits centre once more united them ; all the best energies ut the spiOt which had conceived, and the perse verance which had yet again produced the wotk, had been ex hausted in the undertaking ; and Alplatatsa Doiningues, after having surveyed, with mingled hide and dtead, the loadly pile he had reared, swore that if a third time his skill tailed, he would not survive the disgrace, but find a g rave amon g its ruins. In vain was he dissuaded from what was universally considered an act of voluntary immolation; he walked calluls to the centre of the hall; he issued his directions with an unfartering voice; portion by portion he saw the mighty beams, whit It stood, per haps, between him and a p ainful revolting death, removed 'by his t eluctant assistants; at len g th the last pro p was drawn away , and many covered their eves with their hands to shut out the miserable spectacle ; but there was no necessity for theltrecau tiou ; the architect stood unarmed and secure: his mighty vvork was above and around him, vast, magnificent. and wonderful— ri s in a g S e se t. r t t h e e d i t t h e a r tt, n ic o g . j a „h m ri tn w t a )l s l'i s i o " c r h i a li t s me u d n' t l i l y 'il t ) rie g sp e i n r i i t t is a . nd i t t lX m j eg ues, that he commanded him to place within the hall same commemoiatnm of the deed. ..With a modesty equalled only by his genius, the architect obeyed; and a small figure, not exceed ing, a foot in length, is seen in the act of supporting a portion of the edifice where the roof lunches on the north wall,—it is a re presentation'. of - Alphonse Domingues.— Miss Pardoe's Traits and TradiliQns p orit i vai . •