The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-10-21 00:00:00

Eittraturr. POETRY. SONNET.-THE POET. By George R. Twine, Author of " Ie it Peace ?" How joys the Poet in the woods to dwell, Far from the city with its uproar rude ! He loves the charms of solitude right well ; For, having left the world. by him is view'd And felt the influence of Nature. Then, Rapt in his reverie, again he finds How vain and futile are the ways of men : The love of earth, to each man vainly binds. The poet in his golden dreams , nth see All things in beauty, while the w rld doth cry, ' Such fancies are not true.' Oh, tell not me The poet is an idle phantasy ! His world is bright—a type of that calm rest, Ho y and pure, reserved for all the blest. -....-- VARIETIES. CIRCUMSTANCES ALTER CASES.—An attorney about to furnish a bill of cotta was requested by his client, a baker, "to make it as light as possible." "Ah I " re plied the attorney, " that 's what you may say to your foreman, but it's not the way I make my bread." A. SUITABLE APPOINTMENT.—O ' COnneII is loud in his denunciation of the government eine 'Von" scheme. Could not Peel, to propitiate him, establish in one of the proposed colleges a professorship of Billingsgate, and confer the appointment—with an adequate salary—on the learned and vituperative gentleman ?—Punch. AMERICAN ORIGIN.—The Yankee is a race of emi grants, an assemblage of the most respectable no less than of the most disreputable characters, and America an asy lum for nearly three centuries of all " Who left their country for their country's good." The Puritans of Massachusetts, the Quakers of Pennsyl vania, the Baptists of libode Island, and some of the Virginia Cavaliers, were honest men and true. Some what tainted with hypocrisy, somewhat addicted to fana ticism, maybe, but still staid, quiet, right honourable men. But we are not prepared to admit that these or their descendants constitute the majority of the present American population. For one political refugee, a score of fortune-seekers, bankrupts, and even adventurers of .... .... QUICKER THAN TIME.—The St. Louis papers are fe- the worst description, flocked to the untenanted lands licitating themselves upon the prospects that when the of the new hemisphere. Great Britain and Ireland were magnetic telegraph is completed from Washington to even more fertile in loose characters in the times of the their city, they will be able to report the speeches in Con- Charle'es and Georges than they are in the present day. gress a few minutes before they are delivered, in conse- New England and Virginia were the New South Wales quence of the difference of longitude between the two of the two last centuries. Whet of it? Rome was pro places.—American paper. fessedly the asylum of all the robbers and malefactors of GO-A-HEAD CHARACTER OF THE AMERICANS.—It is Latium. Did not, for all that, the Republic afford the a fact to be numbered amongst the most immediate effects noblest instances of manly virtues recorded in the annals of the wale-spreading education, that the Americans are of ancient times ? It is one of the few facts that honour the most discontented race in existence. " Nowhere," mankind, that a colony of rogues may be converted into said an intelligent Salem merchant—and he said it of the a people of heroes. The convicts of the Australian set wealthiest, quietest, end com pane ively happiest place of tlements will, at no distant period, present equally favour its size in the whole American Union—" Nowhere will able results. There are inexhaustible susceptibilities of you meet so many vinegar faces as you do in our streets." redemption in the heart of man. Let the ocean be a No American can sit comfortably in his chair. Every Lethean river, washing off the stains of a polluted exist man is perpetually striving to better himself. There is a ence, and effacing even the remembrance of it, not only universal rush from the useful to what are called the libe- from other men's minds, but from that of the unfortuna e ral professions. With an inward conviction, analogous offender himself.—" There is mercy in heaven," we may to Sancho Panza's, that " being born a man he is fit to 1 fancy the worthy Puritans of old to have said to the err be a president," every citizen in the Union is a martyr j ing brethren, the smuggling vessel, or the convict-ship to a vague covetousnf ss and ambitio • ; and that plausible landed on their shores. "There is mercy in heaven, and but unsound system of general education has hitherto I why should there be no forgiveness and forgetfulness on bad no better effect than to tneng up a restless, anxious earth ? You are now in a new land, where man is almost generation, maddened by the rare examples of individual, alone with his Maker. We know nothing, we ask nothing exceptional success; fretting, wrestling, elbowing each about the pest ; we want hands and hearts ; we want bro. other, with a wrathful emulation, most apt, no doubt, to tilers to fight our battles against the men and elements of give the social order a rapid onward impulse, but no less i this inhospitable region. Let bygones be bygones. Be tending to drive all peace of mind from the face of the 1 a new roan in the New World. God has vouchsafed us earth.—Fraser's Maria: 4-- ' peace and plenty, and you are; welcome to your share." AN FLE SOT:P.—Willi a f ' Froser's Magazine. excep to distinguished for tF REAL KNOWLEDGF.—We regard all truth as , talent irincipally associated a one system ; and if the intellectual is cultivated to the the a men of the vet y higi neglect of the moral and the religious, the harmony of the rank and quaff their Faler system v.-ill he destroyed, and tha most disastrous results in the age of their friend Tyr will be produced. We stand up for principles which God To be lewhat discomposed ! I as revealed, and which experience has verified, namely, P., w band, generally kept that man is a fallen and corrupt creature—that you can serva Nits from Cennema not make him good or happy until you produce a moral whoa ; tried her temper change upon his nature—and that no knowledge will do little ay the Duke of Bee this but ' the good knowledge of the Lord.' We are far the I% nt D'Orsey, with t from underrating the importance of secular edueation, or three tklbion-street. " l from wishing it to be restricted in its diffusion. We say what 'am ?" inquired tin to every man, study if you can the page of history—master thrui rawine-room she the science of civil polity—investigate the principles of mina I. "The soup !" trade and commerce—get a knowledge of the laws and Mrs. ' Yes, ma'am, th processes of nature ; for all are fitted to alleviate the suf- I sup me. Is it mock t ferings of humanity—to minister to our improvement—or real t g James for ?" at the very lowest to subserve the innocent gratification of your can you ask sod the inquiring spirit. But still we say, when all this hes tion ? ; sour yesterds been done, you have not found that which will meet the put it " " Was that i whole case of man. You have not supplied that know zna'at ?" "You knc ledge which, as an immortal being, and as a sinful being, child haven't throw man especially needs. You have attempted to provide for the si lirty water!"— his existence in time; but you have made no provision for Misc his existence in eternity. You have endeavoured to fur- Tr' rd is not onl3 nish him for the part he is to act in the life that now is ; amor ook on him as but you have left him unequipped for the loftier place he and t ms as if hew is to occupy in the life to come. You have taught him to genes very part of • till the soil for his food—to work up and combine the raw ough The sun, materials of nature into articles of dress or luxury. You stars the moving t have sent him to foreign markets to exchange one corn dare the firinamr modity for another. You have unfolded to him the prin. his I 'hey are all ciples by which society may be held together, and life and answ vet' things property secured to their rightful owners. But there is a move 3thful pers depth in his nature which you have not fathomed—there a continually up are longings in his heart which you have not satisfied— there are wants in his condition which you have not sup plied. • What shall Idoto be saved ?' Ah, there is the • -- --- —...epereirs of all. on which ve— AN ANECDOTE AOOUT TURTLE SOUP.—With a few exceptions, and those chiefly men distinguished for their talents and savoir faire, Neer principally associated with the aristocracy; nor did noblemen of the very highest rank disdain to eat their mutton and quaff their Falernian in the comparatively humble menage of their friend Tyrone. To be sure, these visitations somewhat discomposed Mrs. P., who, in deference to her husband, generally kept Irish servants,—often raw consignments from Connemara. — whose ignorance and blundering tried her temper not a little on these occasions. One day the Duke of Beaufort, the Marquis of Normarrby, Count D'Orsey, with two or three other noblemen, dined in Albion-street. " Ptaize, what shall I do for the soup, ma'am ?" inquired the cook. thrusting her head into the drawing-room about five minutes before the guests arrived. "The soup !" echoed Mrs. Power in astonishment. "Yes, ma'am, the I suppose you'll be for having some. Is it mock P raal turtle, ma'am, I'll be sending James for ?" you must be mad, Norah ! How can you ask such a ques tion? You know you made the sour yesterday. You put it into the white bason, rind—" " Was that the soup, ma'am, in the (treat white bason ?" "You know it was, child !" " Bad luck to me, if I haven't thrown it down the sink, thin ! I thought it was dirty water !"—Bentley's Miscellany. Tne SLUGGARD.—"A sluggard is not only infamous among men, but God and angels look on him as an useless and unprofitable wretch. lle seems as if he were hetero geneous to the whole creation; every part of which, that ought, is active and in motion. The sun, moon, and stars, in their rapid course, and all the moving heavens, de clare the glory of God, and even the firmament showeth bis handy work. Peal. six. 1. They are all nseful, and answer the end of their beings, ever things that are im -.hie. But the idle and slothful person doth not answer the end of his being, but is continually upbraided by them. And while almost every being is busy and in action, he alone lies stretched along the ground, and golden days ; or else tugging under the soup urfle or "Why, - . weight cf studyingand contriving how to spend them. When I see the picture of Aqas, with every muscle ex tended, and labouring under the ponderous globe of hea ven upon his shoulders, I cannot forbear to think upon an idle person, whose greatest burden is time, and suc ceeding hours, days, and years, are a continuation of his slavery; or else I represent him to myself as a man en compassed with a i-rowd of devils, who make him the sport ruts of ur ora- cle is dumb. You may open to me all the stores of this world's wisdom—you may school me in all the secrets of philosophy—year may bind on my brow the wreath of ho nour, and pour into my isp the treasures of earth, and en circle me with every to m of sensual pleasure ; hut until you have taught ice the solution of this question, you have done nothing to allay me fears or mitigate the malady of my heart.—Hoyg's Weekly Instructor. SEASONABLE ADVICE. (From the Chut•chmun'r Monthly Review.) Every thing in which man is concerned, must proceed by steps. We cannot speak things into existence, by a word, or chai.ge the man " breathing out threatenings and slaughter," into one humbly asking. " Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?' The Apostles, themselves, inspired and working miracles, were yet obliged to spend years in building up a single church. (Acts xviii. 11. xix. 8, 10.) The Christian Union now desired, if atta ned at all, roust be attained by slow and painful steps. And, in attaining it, it will be useful to regard carefully the road, and the milcstent s;—to observe whether we have been advancing or retrograding of late ; and if the latter,—of which, unhappily, there can be little doubt,—then to strive to retrace mile by milt, our lost ground; in order that, having recovered our former position, we may en deavour next, at still further advances. Now many of these milestones or landmarks may easily he found, by which we can measure and rightly estimate, the ground we have lately lost.. Two most remarkable ones occur to our recollection ; and it will be useful to bring them be fore our readers' minds. By such a retrospect we may come to understand, how much nearer a perfect state of union we have been, in former times, than at the present moment. Let this fact be thoroughly understood ; and then, the next desire will of course be, to recover the lost ground; to get back to the position occupied, and the leelings experienced, in 1688, or in 1812, in order that thereby we may (lel over a large portion of the distance which now separates us. The first of these declarations, or public manifestations, which we shall adduce, is that of Archbishop 6ancrolt, when addressing his clergy,—or rather, the clergy of the whole realm, in the year 1688. Among various other heads of instruction, he gave the following:— "That they also walk in wisdom towards those that are not of our communion ; and if there' be in their parishes any such, that iilect ❑ot freinently to confer with them in the spirit of - 1 good ways and means to gain and win ly, that they have a very tender regard to our brethren the Protestant Dissenters; that upon occasion offered, they visit them at their houses, and receive them kindly at their own, and treat them fairly wherever they meet them, discoursing calmly and civilly with them ; persuading them (it it may be) to a full compliance with our church, or at least that ' whereto we have already attained, we may all walk by the same rule. and mind the same thing.' And in order hereto, that they take all opportunities of assuring and convincing them that the bishops of this church are reaily and sincerely irrecou, ileable ene mies to the errors, superstitious, idolatries, and tyrannies of the church of Rome; and that the very unkind jeolousies which some have had 01 us to the contrary, wet e altogether groundless. And, in the last place, that ;hey warmly and most ~Ilectionately exhort them to join with us in daily fervent prayer to the God of Peace, for the universal blessed union of all reformed churches both at home and must our common enemies r our dear t ord, and du agree iu the truth of his also meet in his holy communion, and li,e iu per- act . unity and godly love Such was the t my Catholic position taken by Arch- Uishop It may be said, indeed, that this pre late was in some degree influenced by the approach of danger; but vie must ()ear in mind that, so far from be log iiabie to sad thee principle to a tetoportuy expediency, he was the man who first resisted Popery even to impri sonment, and then laid down his vlijoicy, rather than yield up his convkiiuns of legitimate right. We must nut then, for one moment attribute to toe Archbishop a concession in which his conscientious conviction did nut bear a part. The next declaration we shall cite, is of a later date ; and it comes from the other side. It Oft rs, on the part of the Disseottrs, as amicable an intercourse as the Arch bishop himself could desire. At the commencement of 1812, a discussion was carried on in the Oxford journals, on the expediency of fiund.ng an Auxiliary Bible Society for that city. One of the con troversialists ventured to prognosticate, that if ever Churchmen were brought cordially to co-operate with Dissenters, the final result of such union would be, the destruction of the Ulrich. The struggle, of Laud with the Puritans were adduced as a pruot of this tendency. The ltev. James Hinton, the principal Dissenting mi nister in Oxford, in a letter addressed by him to the Ox ford Journal, thus rept+. d ; "It were easy to prove, that the Hierarchy of that day possessed a spirit and a power entirely subvet sive of all the rights of society, both civil and religious; but it would be illiberal to render the Church of England accountable for the crimes of its ancestors. • Our Church' (it would be replied) ' is no longer what it then was. I he character of the present Archbishop forms a perfect contrast to that of Archbishop Laud : the present Primate protects the Dissen ters, and receives their thanks ; his predecessur persecuted them with unrelenting cruelty.' Though I could perhaps easily prove, that many of the members of the Church of England retain perse cuting principles, 1 shall not impute their faults to the Church it self'. 1 should be prevented from doing this, if from no other cause, at least by the gratifying sight of a large and dignified society, led on in its benevolent career by twenty-one Archbishops and Bishops of the Established Church, by numbers of Peers, and even Princes of the realm ; and these perfectly uniting with the Protestant Dis senters in supporting all the truth that God has revealed, with a view of promoting all the charity and purity which it enjoins." To this description of his own feelings, Mr. Hinton added a declaration of what he considers to be the com mon teeing of his Dissenting brethren ; and his words deserve the more respect, as purporting to contain " the avowal of a person very long known in the neighbourhood from which he writes,—of " one who has spent the greater part of his life in the Ministry among the Dissenters; and who, for thirty years past, has been well acquainted with most of the principal Dissenting congregations in the kingdom, and has been in the habit of hearing, at their public meetings, the sentiments of the whole body, on the subjects which have been discussed." The declaration is s fulows " While the Church of England enjoys her own pre-eminence, as she has done since she banished her oppressors from the throne, and placed her protectors in their room; while she continues to hold fast her own libert y , and at the same nine terms a barrier for the protection of her ucif.rhbours, she will be too much esteemed by the Protestant Dissentels, fee her a^ eiical d,.ctrine. for the sake of thcir own safety, and for the havpmess of in:ail:ad, to permit that any wish fur her overthrow should be cherished among them. This liberality is the sure pledge of our continued esteem. And if her liberty 'hould ever be assailed, as it has been in times past, she will find the Protestant Dissenters. as at the memorable era of the Revolution ready to lend a powerful aid in her support. Let us weigh these two declarations, then, and let us inquire, whether they express the present feelings of Churchmen towards Dissenters, or of Dissenters towards Churchmen? No one, we believe, will allege that they do. But if not, then we must have lost ground :—the friendliness of Churchmen and Dissenters must have di minished of late years. Let this be carefully noted ; and let our first attempt be, to get back to that better position from which we have slid away. Let us do this, in the reasonable assurance, that if we can only get Churchmen to view Dissenters as Archbishop Sancrofr. viewed them, —and Dissenters to regard Churchmen as 11Ir. Hinton re garded them, we shall have restored a state of things from which the further advance to a complete re-union will be at least wi bin the limits of possibility. But in what respect have we departed from the spirit of those two declarations ; and to what causes is that de parture to be attributed ? Hidden and remote causes are out of the limits of our inquiry ;—visible and tangible causes we can easily develope. The most recent cause of deterioration is found in the Tractarian heresy. This system has asserted the most extravagant claims,—alleging that those and those only, who had received episcopal ordination, could administer the sacraments, or confer grace, &c. &c ,—and assimi lating all Dissenters to Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, without the least hesitation. _ . . . Now, certainly, whenever any particle of this spirit is cherished, there, union is obviously impossible. Indeed, on one aide at least, it is not desired. The first duty, then, of Churchmen who desire union, is, to repudiate all such feelings as distinctly as possible; and as much as in them lies to adopt Archbishop Saucroft's system :—" fre quently conferring with the Dissenters ;"—" vis'ting them at their houses, and inviting them at their own, and treating them fairly whenever they meet them ; discours ing " calmly and civilly with them." The distance, the evident alienation which has existed for several years past, and which has been in some degree participated in by many of the best men of the church, must be frankly given up, or the idea of Union may as well be altogether abandoned. Wh , ther Mr. Jordan acted wisely or un wisely in taking the chair, the other day, at a Methodist Missionary Meeting, we are not now called upon to de cide; but sure we are that those clergymen acted a most injurious and lamentable part, who addressed the Bishop in approval of his conduct in interfering with Mr. Jor dan's undoubted liberty. We pass on to the other branch of the question. The most recent offence against Union, as we have said, has been that promoted by the Tractarians, in denouncing all Disaent as unquestionable Schism,—all Schism as a deadly sin ; and all Dissenting ministers as the followers of Korai), Dathan, and Abiram. But it may be asked, whether this al:enation of Churchmen is sot partly a re action from a previously-manifested hostility of the Dis senters? At least we know, that the Tracts for the Times took their rise in a conference of certain clergymen. who met to consider the dangers of the Church, in 1833 or 1834,—she being assaulted by Romanists and Dissen ters in union, and betrayed, it was thought, by the Whig administration of that day. It is quite certain, we apprehend, that Tractarianism was preceded by a new and vigorous exhibition of hosti lity towards the Church, immediately following the passing of the Reform Bill. Among other great changes which that measure was expected to bring about, one of the foremost was, either the reduction, or perhaps even the utter demolb ion of the Church. The animation and ex ultation of the Dissenters, in those days, cannot have been forgotten. No one can read Mr. Hinton's language of 1812, without perceiving that the events of the inter vening twenty years had utterly changed the tone an•l spi rit of the Dissenting body. Now this lost ground must be retraced.; or else the Dissenters like the Tractarians, will not be able cordiaLy to desire an Union. Nor, if they did, would it be possible. Peace and War cannot co-rxist. Pacification must precede friendship. Those who are shouting, on one day, " Down with it ! down with it, even to !lie ground ! " cannot, the next day, gret their still unsubdued foes with, " Behold, how sweet and pleasant it is, for brethren to dwell together in unity," Tlia voluntary crusade, then, must be wholly abandoned, if the desire and endeavour for union be retained. The Dissenters must learn Mr. Hinton's creed, and repeat it day by day, until the "Anti-Church-State" fever has been entirely subdued. So long as they are striving to destroy the Church. they are fighting with Churchmen. And peace cannot be made between men with unsheathed swo►ds. Nor let the Dissenters imagine that they will ultimately lose anything by ceasing from this useless wrangling. The loss arises out of the contention,—out of the division, —which has so long existed. It was because Evangelical Churchmen and Evangelical Dissenters are not generally and thoroughly united, that Sir Robert Peel felt strong enough to endow Socinianism in 1844 and Romanism io 1845, in spite of their opposition; and if they continue disunited, they will continue to be disregarded in Pat . -Inl and will see wore and larger grants to Romanism, .r by year. ment ; and pastime tions, and do with him as they please. It is certain that there is no man safe that is idle : be is not only exposed to every evil thought, but to the worst actions, and ha had better be in the midst of a battle, surrounded with his enemies, than to be so extravagantly at leisure, and unemployed."— Chilcot. PHILOSOPHY OF DRINKING.---I have given sereral examples of literary resemblance, let me add one of a very different character, one belonging to the fine arts of the table. Sir Alexander Burnes's Peshawur friend, Naid Mahomed. Shureef, whom be met at Cabool, stoke with rapture of some wine, of which two glasses sent a man to sleep. Burnes told him that the English notion of good wine consisted in being able to drink a large quantity of it without any unpleasant or soporific.. effects. " A had plan," replied Mahomed ; " for a man most then drink till be is as large as a butt : no, no, ours is the best plan." You would acarceiy expect to find a similar sentiment in Johnson; yet he of Bolt-court and he of Peshawur coin cided completely. " Brandy is the best," said Johnson, " because it operates sooner." And in refutation of Burke's panegyric of claret, he exclaimed, " You 'll be drowned by it before it has any effect upon you." The doctor's arrangement of three distinguished liquors is well known : claret for boys, port for men, brandy for heroes. But P!ato's theory is the most curious. Until eighteen, he interdicted the use of wine altogether; after that age up to thirty, a moderate allowance is given; and after forty, he appears to have deemed it wise to remove all restrictions, and to let wine be drunk at discretion. The prettiest employment of wine is that observed in the celebration of Hebrew weddings : the drinking of it is accompanied with benedictions, and when the glass or vessel is emptied, it is dashed upon the ground and bro ken, as an emblem of the fragility of exisrence. With regard to the Roman customs of wine-drinking we have little certain information. We are not better informed as to Grecian habits. But in ccnnexion with Johnson one circumstance may be noticed, which places the Athenian and the London philosopher in strong contrast; it was the boast of Socrates that he had never entered a tavern. —Fru ser's Magazine. TILE COMMON ORIGIN OF MANKIND. —It is indispu tably the doctrine of the Bible, that the happy pair who dwelt in Eden were the sale progenitors of the human race. The sacredness of the source from Vet] the doc trine is derived, begets in many a strong reluctance to in quire how far it is capable of being maintained on scienti fic grounds. Since the question has been decided by the authority of Heaven, is it not impious to subject it to ...any process of philosophical investigation ? But an attempt to ascertain whether what is taught in the Bible can be supported by independent evidence does not necessarily presuppose suspicion of its truth. Every enlightened Christian must believe that, between nature accurately observed and revelation accurately interpreted, there is, there can be no contradiction ; so that the more diligently the students of both prosecute their researches, the more they will discover latent points of hat mony and coinci dence between the two volumes which the Creator has pre pared for the instruction of mankind. The Bible presents to our min, s a momentous array of facts and doctrines; some of wh ch transcend our reason, and must be received in the simplicity of faith ; while others relate to matters of consciousness, or observation, or history, and may he con firmed or corroborated by proofs which are collected from every department of human knowledge. Instead of frown ing on the votaries of science as their natural enemies, the disciples of Christianity should rather welcome them as fellow-labourers in the same great cause, and express gra titude for the important contributions which they have made, whether intentionally or unintentionally, to the evidence and the illustration of the Book of Books. Let the astronomer direct his glass to the starry heavens—let the geolog st travel from land to land to swell his collec tion of fossils—let the phrenologist descant on the func tions of the brain—and we shall always be glad to receive their reports, provided only they report nothing which they have not seen. We regard them as commentators on the sacred volume, al.hough of a different class, as well as Matthew Henry, and Thomas Scott, and Adam Clarke.— Hoog's Weekly Instructor. _ _ NEW ORLEANS AND LIVERPOOL.—Viewed from the river below, New Orleans does not appear materially in ferior to Liverpool. The appearance. however, is nearer than the reality by far ; since the absence of basins and docks causes all the vessels in port to lie out alongside, and thus causes the commercial marine to be displayed to the fullest advantage. Neither is the city so large by three-fourths, or possessed of -uch excellent buildings, if we except the old French cathedral, which is a handsome pile, directly facing the river. In one feature, however, it is far superior to Liverpool, and that a very important one : I mean in the absence of that visible wretchedness, poverty and degradation, to be everywhere seen mingled with the wealth and splendour of its great commercial prototype. Indeed, with respect to the condition of the labouring classes, or those classes whom we see most generally crowdin g th e s t r eets and roads,—comparing one with . the other , an Ame r ican from the South, on setting h.s foot to England, could scarcely help but feel that he bad walked into the great doorway of the workhouse of the world. Nor could readily be named two local places where the contrast in thi s respect i s more cur i ous ly v i s ibl e than in Liverpool and in New Orleans. If, as the pious prudes cf the northern States assert—though not very po litely—that New Orleans is " the Hell of the South," it starvation, rags, and want, to its certainly is no t a hell of inhabitants. Neither is it one of that ki n d o f se lfi s h ness (or perhaps necessity) which extorts the greatest possible amount of labour for the least possible amount of pay. its charities, both public a nd p rivate— each equally uncs teaations—are extensive and unceasing; since the un broken demand created by :he continual influx of British Paupers, chiefly Irish, who rush, totally unprepared, into the extreme, of a southern climate, will not allow a very expanded benevolence to rest one moment from its cares. Some idea may be formed of the numbers of these peeple who finally from the fact that attain a footing as citizens , they have already half Ilibernicised that city, arid now posses', as a body, the power of controlling local elections against either the native Americans, or that fine and beautiful race, the Creole descendants of the old French settlers of Louisiana.--Simmonds'a 0/lonia/ Magazine. SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. RAILWAY INTELLIGEA CB. One million is to be expended over railways in New South Wales. Fmigrants to Botany Bay are to have the benefit of a line from Sydney to Paramatta and Penrith. The improvement in the incomes of the established lines during the past month, has been, as compared with the corresponding month of 1844, £200,000, The Durham and Sunderland Railway has been pur chased by the Newcastle and Darlington Company at £3O per share, being £2O less than the original cost. Among the railway projects newly brought forward, is one for Brazil by the special grant of the Emperor, and is sanctioned by the legislature of the country. It is to extend from Rio de Janeiro to St. Paulo and ilinas Gerats, a distance of about 100 miles. RAILWAYS IN YORKSHIRE AND LANCASHIRE. — The railways in operation in thesa counties are 23 ; in pro gress 27 ; projected 100 ; of the latter, 22 have been sur veyed and settled as to the lines, but the remainder are not yet in a definable state. RAILWAYS AND GAS.—A company has been formed for the manufacture of gas in the immediate neighbour hood of the coal-fields in various parts of the kingdom, and for the cony , yauce of the gas in tubes along the lines of railway, for the supply of aejacent towns and cities. The Herald states that an ingenious discovery, which Gen. Pasley greatly approves of, and which will be brought before Parliament early next session, has been made, which will greatly modify the danger of the engines and carriages of railways jumping off the rails when the velocity is increased. The Railway Herald mentions a rumour that "some members, to whom the outlay is not a consideration in comparison with the comfort, have taken one ortwo shares in each of the new lines, with a view of avoiding to serve on Committees A, B, and C. It is supposed it may be done for a thousand pounds, so as to have a complete pro tection." REMINGTON AND RASTRICK'S LONDON AND MAN CHESTER RAILWAYS.—On Saturday evening these com panies entered into an arrangement for uniting, subject to certain explanations as to the financial stare of each. If the amalgamation iakes place, the shares will have to be reenced from £5O to £25 shares, and Rastrick's share holders to receive hack £2 125..6d. per share. THE ATMOSPHERIC PRINCIPLE.—During last week several tries were made on the Croydon line, which will, in all probability. be opened for public traffic in about a fortnight. On Thursday a train of eight carriages per formed the distance of five miles at the rate of a mile in eighty seconds, though for a considerable part, or the whole of the way, the hre k was on. As high a speed as seventy-five miles an hour has been attained, ST. HELEN'S CANAL AND Fi AILWAY.—The directors of this company have purchased a considerable property at Garston, si h the view of extending the dock accom modation there, so as to afford the greatest possible faci lities to the coal trace of South Lane shire ; and, in connexion with this object, they intend to afford a rail way eommuhica'ion to the clocks from every colliery now connected with their undt flaking. (tie of the happ'est and most useful ideas that could have occurred at tie present period has just been realized in the estahlishment of The Railway Critic (ond Share holder's Adrertiseo—designed to exercise, amongst the crowd of railway projects which daily are announced, the functions of that stern criticism which has achieved so much good in the world of literature, and which cer tainly was never more loudly called for to silt those huee aecumul , tions of railway advertisements and prospeciuses, whence no man can, without such aid, select ihe safe from the unsafe—the bad from the good. RAILWAY TRAFFIC.—From official returns, it appears that the amount of traffic fur the last week, on nearly eighteen hundred miles, was £142,534, thus accounted for :—Z66 905, for the conveyance of passengers only ; .£21.736, fir the carriage of goods ; and a remainder of £53,893, for passengers and goods together, not respec tively apportioned. For the last three months of the pre sent half-year, £2,113,062 has been received, being an increase over the corresponding period of last year of £32B.26B.—Railway Chron. DUMFRIES AND CARLISLE RAILWAY.—On Tuesday last a meeting of the inhabitants of the county of Ayr was held, in the County-hall, Ayr, to adopt measures for for wardicg the success of the proposed railway by Dumfries to Carlisle. The meeting, which was held in compliance with requisition from Kil marnoc k an d th e neighbouring parishes of New Cumnock, Ochiltree, Sorn, Maunbline, and others, was numerously and respectably attended, many influential gentlemen of the neighbourhood being present. Sir David Hunter Blair was called to the chair. John Leadbeter, Esq., W. M, Alexander. Esq., of Bal lochmyle, and others addressed the meeting, and ex plained the state and prospect of the concern. CHESTER.—At a meeting of the inhabitants, on Wed nesday, called at the request of the Chester and Manches ter Railway, the Mayor in the chair, the proposal for making a ship canal from Chester to Dawpool, below Parkgate, forming a continuation of the railway project from Manchester to Chester, was discussed. The pro posal was strenuously opposed by four Chester gentlemen, but was, after lengthened discussion, carried by a large majority. These gentlemen from Manchester come pre pared to lay out a million of money in the speculation, and engage to complete the canal, with extensive docks at Chester. without soliciting one penny from the inha bitants of Chester, unless inclined to join with them. THE THAMES TUNNEL RAILWAY.--Negotiations are at present pending with the view of carrying a railway direct from the junction of the Eastern Counties' and Blackwall lines to the point on the Greenwich line whence the Croydon, Brighton, and Dover diverge. It is well known that the Thames Tunnel has not returned, and is not likely to return, one farthing of profit to the pro prietors, not even to pay interest on the large sum for which it is mortgaged to Government. Under these cir cumstances, an offer of about lOs in the pound (which is. we bel!eve, the amount named) seems a perfect godsend to the unfortunate shareh o ld ers . Th e atmosp h er i c prin ciple will be adopted.—.Railreay Record. The Railway Chronicle of Saturday last contains a well-written prospectus, of a burlesque character, for " the Great National Direct Independent Land's End and John O'Groat's Atmospheric Railway, with Steam Ferries to the Scilly and Orkney Isles, and coasting Docks at both Termini ; Provisionally Registered ; Capital £9,500,000, 95,000 shares of XlOO each. Deposit £lO per share; being the largest deposit allowed by Stat. 7 & 8 Vict. c. 110, with powers of increase." BIRMINGHAM LINES.—About forty lines immediately connected with Birmingham and the district are al ready projected, the estimated capital for the construction of which is upwards of £30,000,000 sterling, and there are, we believe, applications for fifty times the number of shares which the projectors have for allotment ! Bir mingham has thus been made a great centre, from which lines radiate in every direction. If the natural features of the country be thus threatened with change, our town promises to be no less revolutionised. Two magnificent central stations have been determined upon. One to ac commodate the London and Birmingham and the Stour traffic, the second for the Grand Junction and Birming ham and Oxford lines. Another consequence of railway progress, and a most gratifying one, is the establishment of a Stock Exchange, of which the foundation stone was laid last week.—Birmingham Journal. CHESTER AND BIRKENHEAD RAILWAY.—At the half-yearly meeting of this company, ea Thursday, (Mr. W. Jackson in the chair,) the report stated that the di rectors had concluded an arrangement with the Grand Junction Company, in pursuance of their principle of in viting the traffic of all the great lines, by securing them li beral terms and abundant accommodation. By this ar rangement, the Grand Junction would run all through trains to and f. om Birkenhead and Chester, whilst this company would continue to work as many trains as the directors pleased for the local traffic. Then followed an outline of the terms; and the report stated that the traffic of any other railways would be received upon the same terms, which the arrangement with the Grand Junction did not prevent. Then followed the following detail of the measures projected by the directors, for which bills would be introduced into parliament :-1. An improve ment in the access to Monk's Ferry by an additional tun nel, and an enlargement of the station accommodation at that terminus. 2. An enlargement of the station ac commodation at Grange-lane and Chester. as well as at Elooton. 3. Widening the whole length of the railway from Birkenhead to Chester sufficient for the broad gauge, if required. 4. A branch railway from Ilooton to the Quem's Ferry, to accommodate all the Welsh traffic. 5. A branch railway from baton to Neston and Parkgate. 6. A railway from Grange-lane to New Brighton and Hoylake. The cost, as far as an approximate estimate will enable the directors to state it, will be about £950,000 for all these measures. The first, second, and third mea sures are intended to meet the demands of a largely in creased traffic; the fourth, fifth, and sixth are fur local accommodation. The chairman, in a lengthened s address, explained the necessity which existed tor these several measures ; and after he had concluded, the report of the directors was unanimously adopted. Tne proprietors will be called together again on the 29th January next, to give their final sanction to these measures. The chair man next entered into a statement respecting an amount of £BOO due to George Stephenson, the eminent engi neer, and it was unanimously ordered to be paid. RAILWAYS AND THEIR bIRECTORS.-MOSt persons who join in railway schemes, either as members of the committee or as subscribers fancy they are only liable for the deposit upon the shares they take. Many, we fear, will find themselves bitterly mistaken in this matter. The deed which they sign does, it is true, stipulate that the parties thereto shall not be called on for any sums beyond their deposit until the act of incorporation be obtained. But this agreement is only binding as among themselves. It has no validity beyond the parties who sign it as partners in the undertaking; and every member of the committee, and every shareholder of the company, is liable individually for the whole of the debts contracted for engineering, advertising, law, Parliamentary, and other expenses. The deposits are usually paid to some banker; but suppose some three or more of these " esquires" to lay their beads together and determine that this money will be safer in their own private custody than at the banker's ; and, as it is generally arranged that three directors, signing a check, may draw out money . from the bankers, and companies in their inc:pient state, do not usually make the most perfect arrangements, it might not be difficult for some of these very ingenious gentlemen to devise a plan by which the whole of the dPposls might he carried off on the same day that they discovered a trip upon the continent essential for their health. We sh- , uld find no difficulty on putting our fin ger on some half a dozen or more names in ea , h of several companies now before the public, any one of whom would arrange this little interlude quite artistically. The com mon law regulating joint-stock companies renders every shareholder individually liable for the whole debts of the company ; and the new law of last se , sion renders recovery by creditors much easier than before; and we cannot but fear that many who now calculate their profits in pre- miums on shares may, before many months elapse, find themselves placed in very unpleasant eircumst :aces, in having to answer in their own persons some of the very heavy expenses now being incurred on many of the rail way schemes at present competing for the public credulity. Many of the schemes now before the public are based on fraud. They are never intended to be prosecuted beyond a certain length ; and it remains for the turn of the die to decide whether the concocrers are to he remunerated by the premiums extracted from the public, or by oven more questionable means.—Times. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. NEWMARKET SECOND OCTOBER MEETING Ocr. 14 The Royal Stakes of 200 soya each, 120 ft. and 25 only, &c. was won by Mr. Phillimore's I Lady Anna, beating Leopard by a head, and c by Bay Middleton—Thebes. The Cesarewitch Stakes * of 25 soya each, 15 ft. with 300 added by the Grand Duke Cesarewitch. The second receivA 50 soya out of the stakes. Cesarewitch course, two miles and a quarter. Mr. Watt's The Baron, 3 yrs, 7st 91b (including 101 b ex tra) Nat 1 Lord Exeter's Wee Pet. 5 yrs, 6st 131 b Pettit 2 Mr. Drinkald's Vol-au-vent, 4 yrs, 7st 71b..J. Howlett 3 The following stated, but were not placed, v:z :—True boy, Stomacher, General Pollock, I-am-not-aware, In trepid, Nottingham, Hope, Arctic, Plantagenet, My Old Hack, The Dart, (late Point Brush), Laird o' Cockpen, Boarding School Miss, Alice (h.b ) Clumsy, Metal, Re morse, Seven's the Main, Kesheng, Jenny Wren, Ruff, The Co , k, Jet, and f by Velocipede—Amaryllis.--Won very easily by a length. Plantagenet was fourth, Intrepid, Boarding School Miss, and liuff next, wide, but tolerably well up. The pace was very good all the day. Mat , h, 200—h. ft. Duke of Bedford's Oakley beat Sir J. 11. Hawley's Bishop of Romford's Cob by a length. The Clearwell Stakes were won by Lord E. Russell's Sting ; Princess Alice being second, and c by Bay Mid dleton—Miss Milner—third. Ennui, c by Colwick—Mec ca, Collingwood, and Ohio, not placed. Match, 200—h. ft. Mr. W. Scott's Cataract beat Mr. Osbalde'ton's Sorella easily by three lengths. WEntit spay. Sweepstakes of 10 sous. each, 5 subs. were won by Mr. Greville's Deer Chase, beating Caroline by a head, 1 he Pretender, Malvoise, and Sillabub. Match, 200—h. ft.—Lord Exeter's Celia beat Lord W. Pow let is Espoir. For the Oat land's Stakes, Lord Exeter's Jet was first, Mr. Meiklam's Trueboy second, and Lord George Ben tinek's Longitude third. The Town Plate of £5O was won by Mr. Shafto's Metal ; Mr Mostyn's Stream being second, and Lord Verularn's ilawkcshury third. Eight others started but were not placed. Won by a neck. For a Sweepstakes of 200 sovs h. ft. 3 subs. the Duke of Bedford's Prologue beat Lord Eglinton's Vaudeville. THURSDAY. Match, 200—h. ft. Mr Greville's Mo tilla. beat Lord Glasgow's f by Velocipede—Miss Whip, by a length. Sweepstakes of 10 snvs each, 6 subs. Lord Exeter's f by Beiram out of Manto. first, Comrade, second, and Miss Love, third. Sister to John o'Gaunt, Terrier, Sub scription, and Ohio were not placed. Won on the post by a bead. Sweepstakes of 10 soya each. Duke of Rutland's b c by Slane—Voluptuary, first, beating Chandelier, Tell, bl c by Clearwel. b t by Montreal. cud Cerberus. Handicap Plate of £lOO. Mr. A. li. Onslow's Ruff, Mr. Meeson's Fair Charlotte, second, beating Evertui, Sorella, Intrepid, Ct re-us, St. Bernard, Foremast, Laird o'Cockpen, Sally Brown. Alamode, Leopard, Cor rect Card, Gannet, and f by Velocipede out of Amaryllis. Won by half a length. The tlrt-iby Stakes of 100 sovs h. ft. was won by the Duke of Richtnohd's ch f Cuckoo, beating: Mr. Greville's Polka and Lord G. Bentinck's Ennui. Won on the post by a head. Match, 50—h. ft. Mr. J. Day's Minus beat Mr. W, IL Brown's 'Moonbeam. The latest betting on the Cambridgeshire Stakes was 5 to 2 against The Baron, 11 to 1 against Mr. Greville's Alarm, and 20 to 1 agst Lord Chesterlild's Lady Wild air. No other change. For the Derby 17 to 1 agst. Gen eral Shubrick's Brocardo. ALICE HAWTHORN.—This far famed mare made her debut on the Irish turf at the Curragh races, last week. She won the Queen's plate of 100 guineas in a canter, carrying 94t 4ib., and beating Mr. Price's Outcast, Mr. lrvin's Mickey Free, and Mr. Smyth's ch. f. Lady Harkaway by Harkaway. THE COURT 4 , - FASHIONABLE WORLD. The Court has remained at Windsor unveiled, except by a living ♦isit from Prince George of Cambridge and Sir Robert Peel, since our last. Prince Albert is conva lescent, and has been out shooting. It is understood that her Majesty will pay her long expected visit to the Marquis of Salsbury, at Hatfield House, about the 11th or 12th of the ensuing month. In return for the present of Arab horses recently made by the Emperor of Morocco to our gracious Sovereign, it has pleased her Majesty to command that a selection of the finest fabrics should be made from the best looms of England and Scotland, to acknowledge the compliment paid by the Eastern Monarch. NEW TREATMENT OF THE Fl AlR.—The success Mr. Ayres continues to experience in the reproduction of hair, and in restoring its colour, induces us to direct especial attention to his ad ver ti semen t. I n th e essay this gentle man has w r itt en , an d f rom w hi c h we h ave se l ec t e d bevera l extracts, be h as g i ven i rrefraea bl e proo f "f t h e i nt practic ability of one preparation being available to kinds of hair, and the detriment sustained by employing articles of a drying nature, so frequently produced by many oily preparations in general use. The efficacy of the analytical principle being satisfactorily proved, we would advise all who would - pieserve their hair to consu:t Mr. Ayres. GENERAL MISCELLANY. Four men were drowned in Falmouth roadstead yes terr'ay week, by the upsetting of a boat. Up/vards of 1,000 acres of land, planted with potatoes, are lying in a putrescent state at Savinton, near Ilminster. The Romanists are building a magnificent convent and school at Derby, and the Jesuits and Sisters of Charity are constantly perambulating the town. A correspondent of the Record states that Mr. New man was admitted , at Oxford, into the Itomish Communion by Dr. Gentili, an Italian Jesuit. _ Sir John de Beauvoir has retired from the contest for the borough of Windsor, and the struggle will therefore be between Mr. J. Walter and Col. Reid. At the Weyhill (Hampshire) sheep fair, 200,000 sheep were penned, and prices were from ss. to 7s. higher than the fair last year. A sloop, laden with apples, from Jersey to Aberdeen, was completely wrecked off the latter port last week, and a boy aged 13 was washed overboard. It is said that an action has been commenced by Caunt to recover back his stake of £2OO from the stakeholders in the late fight for the championship. A drunken man, on Wednesday night, committed sui cide by placing his head on the rail of the Midland R►ail way, so that the engine literally cut it off. Mons. Jobard, a Belgian, has invented a process for procuring gas, equal to that from coals, from oil and water. Thorwalsden's beautiful statue of Lord Byron has ar rived at Trinity, Cambridge, and will be put up in the college library very shortly. Ladies, not content with speculating in railway shares, have now begun to attend public meetings of the proprie tors.—Gateshead Observer. Two cases of defalcation, one of rather a serious charac ter, have been discovered in the Bristol Post-office James Patton, a respectable young farmer, has lately been poisoned at Kilmore, by his father and mother-in-law who have absconded. Miss Christiana Weller, whose progress as a pianiste has been so remarkably rapid. is about to exchange music for matrimony, by giving her hand to a gentleman of for tune, a friend of the inimitable " Boz." It is stated, that at the next meeting of barristers going the Oxford circuit, a motion is to be made for rescinding the offensive resolution adopted by that body against the press. PENSIONERS.—The local companies are to parade for drill and exercise on Monday and Tuesday, the 27th and 28th instant, and on the latter day will be inspected by the Major-General of the district. TIM NEW MARRIAGE ACT.—Tile first notice of a marriage to be performed by the registrar himself without any religious ceremony was given in the Tralee Board room, on Tuesday last. The parties are John Gentleman and Ellen Gibson, both of Tralee. On Tuesday, a man in II yde-park, London, deliberately blew out his brains. His name is Elliott, and his resi• dence is Portchester-terrace, Bayswater. A large quan tity of papers connected with several railways in different parts of the kingdom was found in his pockets. A handcuffed des , rter, from the 2Gth Regiment, in the custody of two soldiers, leaped from a Glasgow Rai:way carriage on Monday last, at the time it was going at the rate of 25 miles an hour, and succeeded in effecting his escape. . _ _ destruct've fire broke out on Tuesday evening, on the premises of Air. Bates, Nottingham, used as frame smiths' shops, wLich entirely destroyed the building, and property estimated at from £l2OO to £l4OO. The build ing only was insured. _ A young lady, named Davies, was picked up at the village of Byford, near Hereford, yesterday week, insensi ble and bathed in blood. She is supposed to have been shot by a young gentleman whose suit she rejected. She lies in a precarious state. Several parties were fined £5 each at Airdrie, near Glasgow, last week, for employing females in pits. It is understood that a number of females are still in the pits round Airdrie, but from the active measures now taken it is hoped the illegal practice will be put down. On Monday morning, as a labourer, named Thomas Holt, was attempting to get on a train on the Brandling junction Railway, whilst in motion, he slipped his hold, and fal upon the rails. The carriages passed over him, nearly severing his legs from his body. He died in a few hours afterwards. On Thursday morning, as Mr. Dasevi, the eminent ar chitect, in company with the dean and a minor canon, was inspecting some aherations in the belfry of Ely cathedral, his foot slipped, and he fell through a hole in the floor to the beams below, and on being picked up life was found to be extinct. A LADY TIIIEF.—A " lady " named Harding, a widow, has been committed by the magistrates at Brentwood, on a charge of purloining a quantity of lace from the shop of a silk-mercer at that place. When apprehended she had on her person upwards of .£8,903 in Bank of England notes and in India bonds. On Tuesday morning, while an engine driver, named Saunderson, was cleaning an engine at the Carlisle sta • tion in Newcastle-on-Tyne, another engine came in col lision with the one he was superintending. and, owing to his being in a stooping posture, crushed his head so se verely as to cause instantaneous death. As two sawyers, employed in the -building yard of Messrs. Turnbull and Co., t•f Stockton, were engaged in ripping up a piece of elm tirnher, they discovered, con cealed in a hollow place, a bird's nest i❑ a perfect stite, containing several eggs. The latter, on exposure to the air, were so brittle as to crumble to pieces on being handed for examination. On Wednesday, the pupils in Dr. Cowan's academy, at Sunderland, went to the een bench to bathe. They were thirty-eight in number and were accompanied by four teachers. Three boys —two named Baird (brothers), and the other Leny—were swept out of their depth by a strong sea. Every exertion was made to save them, but the ebb current swept them away, and they were drowned; and, melancholy to say, one of the teachers, named Special!, was lost in endeavouring to save them. The Bairds were the elder sons of Sir David Baird, of Newbyth, N. 8., and were respectively 16 and 17 years of age. BANK OF ENGLAND.—The Bank of England, on Thursday, issued a notice " that the minimum rate of interest it; London for bills and notes discounted at the bank be £3 per cent , such bills and notes not having more than 95 days to run." Among the monied interest this step meets general approval. For some time money has been in sufficient demand to enable the capitalists to make greater profit in the employment of it, had not the low rate fixed by the Bank of England proved an obsta cle. It is supposed by many that the rise in the interest of money will not stop at this point, on the ground that the bank lately limited their period of accommodation to one month, and that this month has not yet expired. Mr. Macready, who made his re-appearance on the London stage at the Princess's Theatre, in the character of Hamlet, on Saturday last, met with a tartest enthusias tic reception. The theatre was crowded in every part, and hundreds who could not get admission bad ro go away. With regard to Mr. Macready's acting, the Times observes—" If the question be asked whether Mr. Mac ready_'s vigou r i s i n t h e l east mpi i re d during his three years' absence from our stage, the answer is, not a whit. He never plated Hamlet with more fire, with a display of more inexhaustible resources, with more art covered by the semblance of perfect spontaneity, than last night." EXPORTATION OF HORSES. —The selection of horses made by the equerry to the King of Denmark, for his Majesty's harness stud, were shipped on Thursday for Hatnburgh. The lot comprised t.o brood mares in foal, and the following noted entire horses :—Young Spencer, by Spencer, late the property of Mr. John Hewitt, of Hull, purchased for 370 guineas ; Slashing Harry, bred by Mr. Maisel., of Rise ; Regulator, a Cleveland horse Ostwick, purchased for 400 gu i neas, o f M r. West, of Crowle—Biy Chilton—Young Defence, with others, and Grand Turk, bought for the baron at 5,0 guineas by Mr. Riby Nicholson, who also shipped twelve tine coaching mares on his account by the same vessel.—Hull Packet. NEW OSCILLATING STEAM• LNGINE.—Mr. William Bickle, of Halle Foundry, Cornwall, has succeeded in grt ally simplifying the ecnstruction of the oscillating cylinder engine. The steam enters through one side of the tumbler on the cylinder, and leaves on the other ; and the oscillating motion of the cylinder arena and closes the induction and eduction valves al ernately other valves, eccentrics, and their gear, are entirely dispensed with, and the engine assumes a tom the most simple, yet highly efficieut in practice. A cock is fixed beneath the cylinder, by which the speed is regulated, and which cock also serves to reverse the motion by admitting the steam at the other ride of the cylinder ; this ei gine is, therefore admirably adapted for sreani-beats, whims, or other pur poses where reverse motion is often required. WARLIKE PR EPARATIONS.—A large auamentation in the number of at tiratis and labourers iu ali our dockyards will take place immediately. No less than 426 edditicnal are ordered to be entered in th;s dockyard, viz; 150 shipvrt ights, 36 joiners, 22 cau lk ers , 38 smith, 100 lebour ers, 42 sawyers, and 38 ropemakers' labourers. The ropemakers are also to be augmented, and several stout boys are to be admitted to this department. With the increased force lour large war steamers are to be built. These vessels, we are informed, will be got off the stocks with all possible despatch. A daily report is ordered to be made of the state of the advanced thirty sail of the line ; and all stores not perishable, and furniture not liable to deteriorate by being afloat, ere to be put onboard as convenient. Fortifications for a more efficient protection of Portsrcoulh harbour, and the approaches thereto, are about to be erected.—Hampshire Telegraph. WOOD Comm.—The Customs Commissioners have given notice that there is no objection to the delivery of deals, exceeding 21 feet in length, in the same manner as fir timber. upon an entry being passed for a given quan tity, specifying the number in loads, the locker on the part of the revenue taking care to deliver to the extent of that quantity only, ohs( rving to endorse the number and contents of each deal on the back of the order, and to carry forward any small surplus in the delivery (not ex ceeding the contents of one deal) to the subsequent order, until the whole parcel be delivered. And the commis sioners having further bad under their notice a report from the principal officers, as to the directions which it may be necessary to issue with a view to give effect to the Treasury order recently issued approving of the frac tional part , of a foot less than three inches being rejected in future in measuring deals in hulk ; the surveyors gen eral having submitted that the officers may be informed in the measurement of deals, battens, &c., in bulk, in future the fractional parts of a foot less than three inches, in taking the leog h of the piles, are to be rejected, in con formity with the existing practice observed with respect to deals, &c., exceeding 21 feet measured singly ; and further that, where the pile consists of low gseat hundred deals or planks, or of six great hundred deals or battens and upwards, the fractional parts of a foot less than three inches are also to he rejected itt taking the diresnsioo2 the width and height.—it has been resolved by the board, that these reversl propositions and recomuendati, us are approved, and directions have been issued to the revenue tfficers accordingly. The Dublin Evening Post gives currency to 1 ,, o f rumour about a misunderstanding between the Da't_d Wellington and Sir Robert Peel, and says bothb the tendered their resignations to her MejeetYr whic with Queen peremptorily refused. Of course there is no in these reports, though a local paper was foolish coal's to give tbe most implicit credit to them. et p y eCh,' MARINE SIGNAL LAMP.—At the Cornwa.• rt Mc Society last week, the judges reported on Mr. Gl'" e ' a d the for more than 500 times without sensibly diced!). that 16 Economical Marine Signal Light, that it bad been used cotton interwoven with the metallic wire wick ; oa would give a bright light for nearly ten minutes ; tae t a r" being replenished with about one table spoonful of or pentine, it would burn for an equal length of 6e:i r e ' s of nearly so; and if fed at intervals with small quanitone, turpentine, it might beirept burning any length of 'Rd to her majesty's ships, and Mr. Gilbert's The Judges had caused a Blue light, such as are a pp lied be Lamps s to ne , burned simultaneously, and at a considerable di r i i : be i from each other, as well as from the place viewed. fir are of opinion that the lamp is equal in intensitY, were "0. superior in duration, to the former. Tenflig • hts hibited in a wet and windy night. Its superiority is IP' shown by the great facility of ignition. --We a ll SECESSION FROM THE ANGLICAN CEIVRCII. b e rg now enabled to mention the names of all those roa re • of the University of Oxford who have been received , the Roman Catholic Church in the course of the last fi e r days. They are:—The Rev. J. H. Newman, ( 3 ., 13 ," low of Oriel College. The Rev. —Santos, 14 ',TES• Brasenose College. The Rev. —Bowles, M•Ar• L' a , 0( eter College. The Rev. Ambrose St. John, Stuur e ter College ; and Alb, ny Christie, Esq.,.M.A. , Christ Church. J. D. Dalgairns, Esq , M.A. of "I Oriel College. It is stated confidently that other clergre. men, also members of the University of Oxford, are pre paring to take a similar step. We understan d r tha t t solia reception of Air. Newman into the Roman " a- To Church took place at Littlemor 3.1" e.— °ruing post. Post says, in a subsequent number, " We have al - , t he for adding to the list of recent converts to Roma 1119"" au thor. name of Mr. Leicester S.F. Buckingham, the •ed 111 " Memoirs of M , rY Queen of Scots,' who was recelv, hag to the Romish Church at Oscott about the end 01 month ' i v a tiona l IRON TRADE Or SCOTLAND.—The Glasgow has a long article on this subject with reference "," railways, the facts of which may be found particular teresting at this period. In October, 1836, Din, e (1 51 'the ago, pig . iron was quoted at £6 10s. per ton. In ID` , l, l ot b price in Liverpool was £4 12s. Gd., but it fell i1 1 ,;, - tch places, until a large quantity was sol by one larite':",,t or house at £1 10s. per ton. This was the extreme pot-fed, retrogression, from which the trade gradually recc/ef*the by an increasing demand in the ordinary business e 'r of country. Two good harvests had left a large at noue• 0 , spare capital in the country, which the holders were the willing to place in foreign investments. The report el su -a committee of the Board of Trade threw speculators ber, actual consumers upon the iron market. In SePte ra ,b t t 1844, pig iron was readily sold for £2 10s. Since 6_, date £6 per ton has been paid for Scotch pig; but theu".. mand again decreased, and prices receded to half that sum. During the weeks when the harrest.l, in peril the variations in the price of iron were cei'l. l :,.; it able, but it kept on advancing until 14 days ago, v"`" fell to £4 Ils. per ton. F- less Os; ,orol 6'TEEPLE-CIIASE EXTRAORDINARY.—On of Tuesday a chase of a novel description cccurred ea Chelmsford, between a man named Charles Brooks:sra police-constable Catchpole, who proceeded to Bo ° o r , house for the purpose of apprehending him unde r a 'coot rant for stealing a quantity of potatoes ; and the ca,e s , a t his going so early was that Brooks had set the Pone'ro, defiance during the last fortnicht, apparently having 5 % of thing within him which gave notice of the apP o3c , to those (to him) unwelcome visitors, and enabled get out at the back as the police entered the front of , to house. Such being the case, Catchpole determia°4. "take time by the forelock," and go before daY bre ibis On arriving near the house he saw his man run 00t , ° t he own house with nothing but his night dress on , in' ° ,3 to house of a man named County. Catchpole went the back of the house, but as he went in Brooks ran fu ll 11 just as he had risen from his bed, and proceede d at t he speed down the lane, across the London road, el er , railway, into Writtle-park, and from thence to ""`"last Baker's, at Writtle, near which place the p o licearao w ~; ab sight of him, being encumbered with a great coat, d, prevented him keeping up with Brooks.—Essex Standariu A BEWITCHED DISH.—An ordinary earthenwar e d b i o s ot purchased at the Cambrian Pottery, in this town'g i-diat sixteen months ago, by Mr. Williams, a tailor , re : s n ai in Goat-street, has excited a considerable pat t t r ia% cut iosity in the minds of some of our townspeople the past week. It appears that, a short time st great number of crystalized substances, having "' e w es pearance of flowers, or miniature mushrooms, ~the ob a s r e d r_v g e a d z teo d grow out of o t e he or di t s w n, o breaking throug" t o grew to b co extent } of an inch, but were aacidentally broken• 191 f a ee are now budding forth, covering nearly the whole se l no o of the dish. The taste is very simil tr to that of e ° T; salt. The oldest and most experiencsd in °l°— ,,% o engaged in the manufacture of earthenware in thi s oa f do not remember witnessing such appearances 00 peg previous occasion. The general impression in the,u . P ba t region of this town is, that it is a " bewitched dish' ' a ble we opine that chemists, upon analization, would he, oil to account for these curious appearances by the aeci u t e u pd presence of some chemical ingredient not usually I° 0 , in the materials from which such articles are 1718° factured.— Cambrian Ii than accounted for by two important con THE II EVEN °R.—The decrease on the quarter is was in this quarter last year that about sCBCIO.OOO was e_ r_ on the import of foreign corn, raising the quarterly % 0 , toms toms to the unusual sum of six millions. This Yea r ' se fortunately for the Exchequer, wi eat has not rise! of f quite a starvation price, so there is very little to 'e`.bie against that large item. As this is the most notices feature in the present table, we will shortly return t" sioo The other explanatory circumstance is the great retine s ,e, of the sugar duties, computed at £1,700,000 in the Y o ` la r and therefore not less than £500,000 on this por tic o' s° siderations. quarter, assuming the quantity imported to be the 5 0 ( as last year. For the reduction or entire abolitl p ow e other duties, including that on cotton. we may set d er. Probably more than a loss of £lOO,OOO on the eu a 'oer These three sums amount to £1,400,000, which by ei dead reckoning ought to be the loss under the b e 4 customs alone. The actual loss is only £1,1 54,4 '); e 5e above stated. The difference, the re f ore , between 1 , se two sums, being about £250,000, may be set down ti e ' r tse much increase in the revenue from our r egular jut of and may be fairly ascribed t o th e i ncrease d proSPe" the country. , Tt STATUES IN THE NE W MUSES OF PARLIA— xf t 0f We copy the following extract from the fourth rePe r a ee the Commissioners of the Fine Arts :—" We are at e v e rl erepared to recommend that statues of Marlboroug h Nelson he placed in Sr. Stephen's Porch ; and tha t tues of Selden. Flameden, Lord Falklarri. Lord Clor don. Lord Somers, Sir Robert Walpole, Lord Chat be Lord Mansfield, Burke, Fox. Pitt, and Grefla n ' n er placed in St. Stephen's Hall. We have further t r ° leer, pose that the following Ore artists. viz., Wm• ' h ose Marshall, John Bell, and John Henry Foley, % e re works in the last exhibition in Westminster hia ll et ionS considered by us to he entttled to especial commend s be at once commissioned to pie pare medeis for th r `bera, the aforesaid statues, viz., the eta rtes of liampdent, ei Falkland, and Lord Clarendon ; and the eserettl" ;;as such statues be alloted to the s aid a rt i s t s re speeti"" m i ess Vise may hereafter decide. We h a ve f urt h e r to pre, : y ent that £2OOO of public money be eranted on ' lc( ' al towards the pamen , of such works." We learn f e e sef letter from Sir 'James Gre ham to Mr. Fast lake, th et I the Mejesty h as di rec t, d th e Lords C enee i ssio neie 0 a re Treasury to subrnit to parliament an estimate for tl' e ;ess of .t2Ol 0 en account, towards the pat men? of V e e SP CIs' of statue's of Hampden, Lord Falkland, and Lord reriden." ; o h TP_EEXPERiMENTALSQUADRON.—ThoNear A 6 , 1% of in ht. re port of the per'erteatices of the :ever& el° ) Vi e stli the experimental squadron, which arrived it, : re ea Sound in the 10th, rays,—" A go' d trial was ce in u en the Ist inst., by the Que., n, Can, pus, Alle' .° ' re ilr Vaneetard in chase of tee ring. bud. r all eta'', IV and part topmast a n d t opga ll ant s , u ddi tig _ sa ils; b it , foe, which came o n th ree hours titter, plevelit , ti r l i ir eat being taken to ascertain the exact result. 'fix ain t however, gained en h e r. Y en w ill b e p l ease d to 8 ' 4 ; 1 ellS their Lordships that we have r ee l sense splendi d jib as heavy a press of sail as mold well be °T es ted One beginning with close-rsefel topsails and if ,ble d esiurses, topgallant masts struck •; the next undir ; reefed topsails, an another under douele- rested 10 . 00 and all these against a Ilea- y head sea. lif t he la t, the 7th instant, the day after the heaviest gale, t he .4 0 nes beat the ehele fl e et. N o thi ng could be mor e ea 0, all the trial than the Queen and Albion. who ne ver oo° peered to strain anything ; i n de.d all the set °Ol6 proved themselves such fine ve sse l s as to he i vc •fen t ' of being distressed by press of sail. except the St tic' tbo I am satisfied with the result of the trials. t" - e ei t t Queen is the hest ship, the Albion and flochteY,berkf' Canopus and Vanguard much a lik e , T ra f a lgar *e a ' but slow ; St. Viticent leewardy and crank. 4 Ile MEERSCHAUM.—This elegant mineral, which P t :401 1 4 come into such extensive use for smoking, is p s r ' ri r , found in the peninsula of Herecleotee, in Asia Yu i n t ) eole' generally lies at a depth of from fifteen to twentY'aweil in gravelly and clayey soil, overlying the roc k : of t. b „l near the coasts on the sea of Azot, form O M r iyOrP - 0 loftiest precipices in the Crimea. It is found in wee strata, in detached patches, and is soon worked 0' l o wer the natives sink another pit at a distance, sad ‘ 1 fr ° 4 is found is again worked cut in a similar manne r i, eseis'a its extreme lightness when dry, it obtained ed, name of Keff, Kit (sea froth). It is much est s e erp c iestil extensively used by the ladies of the harem f or 01,00( their hair. A small portion only of the quantietYe backs allowed to be exported, and this is carried on tn eijo r. camels across the immense deserts of Asia ' ge e is tee emits a saliferous tfflorescence while &el"! ' t i e ecle," fe r markable fir its absorbent qualities. It is. I ° ° latter quality which renders it so valuable a! [Ai rn ig smoking ; and, to prevent the vapour al s herd, through the entire substance, after the outwt,. ll. s , serw e e di carved, it is boiled in wax—the interior is then and the howl polished. A great many of the 0 : 1 ,, eisc, • now scld in London ate faulty, and though .dio" are concealed by the wax—useless—niode rate Co t (an °i f in perfect condition, still bear a big Pr i p , t e 0 0 1 0 nothing Hie wl:at they did a few years op P_ A w eb "' es , if proved by smoking, until the outside is tillTh*ooi. oil of tobacco, giving it an agreeable me tiled Mining Journal. ---- LIVERPOOL Jasat A TA RI F I I f, ,E i T I C H i s t o E IsT R , L o A f CE : TUESDAY, CCTOBER 21, 1845. PRIMED AND PUBLISItIiD t an d At No.4,:IT.GZOItOIi'S CRSICYPIT, W V"' oGfraeLGOrrT:)er-415.tsretree0C10,,. Oct, 21, 1R45.