The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-03-25 00:00:00

?itteraturc POETRY 3LISHED POEM ( a, never e, and is UNPL lowin g Thomas Cami, ,werable Ye whose fair 'te Gau Doubted where the storm might fall Britain from her sea-girt station, But the.foe aunder .r naval Ann istant widel steering, Seized tl Vowed t 4hs the Ye whose sons of old opposing Checked the haughty ktoman In the shock of batilec )u. our Pzu. To the toil Chase to h , rl her vengeane 's devoted head Id Ossian, from h . with exu: me is heard afar, On t Methinks On the Skit " Sons ~ 1 Ye whc red. flaming in story he toils or war ' who rushed to deatt Vielcor SELECTIONS We laugh at the Yankee republicans for their love of titles; but they will hardly beat the following description of a bridegroom, whose nuptials were recently announced in a Shropshire paper :—" E. M. late bookbinder to her Majesty's government in the lonian Isles." BRANDY thrandtwei —The word brandy is of German origin .) or burnt wine, i. e , wine wh;cll has under gone the process of distillation, first noticed by Skinner, Etyrsol, 1671. In France, the term eau de vie compre hending all kinds of spirit, brandy is alone distinguished . _ as eau de vie du 'yin evening's w-rfor arose throughout aud faiic t hair WASTE OF OP perhaps b tion, TO p eir accustomed be fray mind and this accou portan diffusir TH K PPOPI the fort DUBLIN.—At the close of the first of Antigone, in Dublin, a loud cry he principal performers tNTIGOS ..guts, tor the author. So una rail for Sophoeles, that the manager had the impat ent crowd that the worthy Sophocles had died some two thousand years ago. . tad appeared at the aimous was to explain to GOLDEN HINT TO TRADESMEN.—A man of the world, who keeps an early ourl-nou.- in To.tenham-court-road, assures us he has avoided serving on juries by the fellow_ ing simple meth,cl lie lent the beadle who came with a summons five ye, strange to say, he has never sift Punch f five shillings, and, e seen the beadle.— .—intt•liectual science. it get- a doubt of the exist " He that has never -nay be assured he has these fasten the METAPHYSICS and MAT has been cbs,rved, invariahl ence of matter. Turgot doubred the exis ce of matte al enquiries is eternity iry, uncreated natures, foundations of man are not in co aptitude for metap attention upon immortal, neee is upon ideas PARENTAL ELOQUENCZ er day a , ut in sprit. Bur the element a spirit companions—' k friend of ours, while ;v milei westward of Darlington, o which he had fallen by addressed by a tender teresting little girl, " Ange -Leeds matter rambling t'ot was aroused fr the following pat hr tic exc!arna r darling play with her Intelligencer. MARRIAGE —A b I talk of eld ; y d, coca oot o' that puddle of a wife can have if we may judge following adv, rtisement in a Pat Is sirous to marry can with perfect selvrs to Madame De St. Marc. :jay put her in the way of giv widows and young ladies hay up to two millions. Aticient needful ass ance rrn confidenc Her relat ing - dowries a THE DONKEY of the hroc donkey in t ss as the stupidest ne shuts up a -a-dozen horses of poor donkey that hes led the way. It is he atone that pe iteh. Often have we aerates the secret o stood a e of a contemplating a whole :mop of blood•ma ntly waiting the donkey was a piece of work to Jropetent.— Quar- lerly Review markable t made to grow, t north corn can be of time in which obierved, that corn comes to inaturi north. when used as seed in a southern speedily, ripening in k-n advantage of in A far seed from Tor- f Bothnia, and almost within the arc and planted in lands so much ex posed had t the corn could only be sown so late that it time to ripen. These, formerly. on this account. nds, are thus rendered trui.ful.—Revela- utterly barren 1 tioras of Russia ich, at the present xample of the combinations and origin Thus we ha ENGLISH NAMES.-T utters a ►a Den-man, Colt-man, arid Wight-man, al! joined to monosyllables of other and distinct meaning. e have Iwo sons, Page son, Alder-son. In the Chancellor we have the words and Ley. In Vice-Chancellor the Norman Lance and the Saxon saint Shad and Well, (Sir and Kni Lancelot Sfladwell and Knight Bruce,) not forgetting the conjunction of Wig and Ham. In other courts me have )I:ment part-. of names, Poll and Cress and Well, Merry and Vale, either entire or as come Lock. Cole and Midge. Blaule, Parke, Rose, Fr so that there are few of something of WII AT !igh Hu s thus answered by istically so called, )etic feeling, which but as the opera- 3 not rrt g, such poet's book, is h, bt-auty, and power, id modul Is by imagination age on the principle of whatever the uni and exaltation Ire aril convention, keeping at of the eternal and spiritual uted the most xt to Love and B during fame of na- GRATES y, which are its pa f the pleasure to be riches of infi —lf a mechanic at his work, he tlm ged, from the coldness of their I,bour twice an hour to warm 11 not average s equal to a loss of a se- arc of their whole earnings; besides unable. from their general personal priva- heir work in a proper manner, or with All have felt the greater plea eland temperature Arits and a spring to li as it were to exertion, than when p, and are paralysed by cold. On ,ther viewed as t:tYcting the health, community, there is no art hid) it is of more im- kiifully than that of producing and generally.—Sanatory Report. " Who bade them It from its holy secrecy The Lord had corn ` the sec et place - their earthly pur PROFANED THE ARR.-' Shiloh for it, and tat there into the tumult of a camp ? manded Moses that it should be t of his tab,-rnac omo , and of God is to be set aside ; the s;rred aesi of the Holy of Holies is to be violated, a battle-field ark of God. And the The two sons of Eli, m to have carried it to the camp . If, therefore, a time should our people or rulers should wiests of God consented to this silo had withou care less for the Gospel than tney care for their own glory or power; when God's church in England shall be given up into the hands, of those who hate it; when. mets who ought to shield it from harm, and are pledged by their office and solemn oaths to do so, &hall cast it to any who will take it, and allow them to do with it whatsoever they will—let such a time come. nd then there will• in deed be cause to tremble for the ark of God. It is under valued; it is profaned ; and God will not bear this. It is n danger of bein. '—Bradley's Sermony CHESS PLAYING AMONG THE MOORS.—Those who are , clously disposed, spend the day either in con versing with one another, at the bazaars, coffee-houses, haf-ells. or bathers' shops, and other public places, where they drink coffee or sherbet, and play at chess, in which very skilful, and sometimes are so wellrnatched as game, by adjournment, for several days, ,e it is finished, when it is their custom to put a fea rin the turban of the conqueror. Although very fond . the came, I never played with any of them, as their mode s different to ours. Norden derives the name of chess f rom Shecque or Xeque. a Moorish word for king, prince, or lord. A Moorish prince was once playing this game, when an order game to put him to death. The prince begged for permission to finish the game first, which was granted him ; but before it was finished, a messenger ar rived with the news that the king, who had sentenced him to death, was killed by his subjects, who had now chosen this chess-loving prince for their sovereign. I once.saw an old Moor who was unexpectedly checkmated by his son, Catch up the chess-board (which was fortunately made of thin wood), and hit his undutiful offspring a violent thump upon the head—a mode of concluding the game not mentioned in " Hoy le. "—Blofield's Algeria Past and Present. • to continue the under a mat awning, with a long jasmine pipe in my m Juth. I sat down, puffing clouds of fragrant smoke towards my Arabs, squatted in indolent groups upon the deck, smok ing like myself, or listening to some delightful story out of the " Thousand-and-One Nights." The moon, almost in its plenitude of power, gave us a paler day in lieu of that which had just died away in the west. Every object in the landscape was invested with indescribable beauty. We sailed. as it were, between two firmaments ; for the Nile mimicked heaven so gloriously, that it. was difficult to say whether the stars below or the stars above were the brighter. I got up in that sort of rapture of delight, and looked down upon the constellations that, deep set in the . . liquid element, seemed to float away through the abysses of space at an infinite distance beneath. The river passed down with a calm flow like the blood of a healthy man in his sleep. The very ripple caused by the boat's bows, as the imperceptible upper current of the air urged us along, broke with a drowsy sound. As we moved right before the breeze, the huge distended sail, swelling gently under the impulse of the wind, if wind it could be called that filled it, looked like the mere phantasm of a sail flitting athwart the waters of a dream. The whole scene brought to my mind Leigh Hunt's noble sonnet on the Nile, in which, with wonderful felicity, he says— .. It flows through old hushed Ezypt and its sands, Like some grave mighty thought threadi g a dream." Hushed indeed ! and never more hushed than on that pre theban night. Yet our little boat was full of life, so full that we seemed like the crew of some merry ark floating bodily through the regions of the dead. Ahmed, perched aloft upon the cabin, at the helm, beyond earshot of the story-tellers, hummed a boat-song for his own especial entertainment. The Arabs on the deck roared with laughter at the exploits of Shater Mansour, or the Sleeper Awakened ; while, half unconscious of their merriment, I suffered my thoughts to busy themselves with those long past days in which the mighty ruins we were approaching overflowed with a noisy multitude nowconveredinto mum mies, and extorted, like merchandise, to all parts of the civilised world.—Library of Travel. RIDING TIIE STANG.—About noon, when labour-daily and usually refreshes itself an uncommon stir was ob servable among the lower classes of the town population --something like what precedes the swarming of a bee hive. By and by appearances took a more definite form, and a number of women and children were seen crowding together, shouting and clamouring, and rattling with sticks and pans, arid, in short, raising a most intolerable din : in the midst of which, the name of one obnoxious individual was ominously heard. The characteristics of a Scotch mob are pretty generally known, before and since the fate of Captain Porteous. They are furious and for midable ; and when once the pas-ions of a generally calm and prudent race are exci.ed, be it to lower the price of meal, or to carry any other popular purpose, it requires no small force to resist or modify the purpose. On the present occasion, rough-looking men began to mix with the screeching multitude, and soon were visible a stout posse of them, armed with a pitchfork. The idea that murder was about to be committed thrilled the blood of the uninformed spectators, and their terror increased when they witnessed a fierce assault made on a low tenement inhabited by the person (a shoemaker) so dreadfully de nounced, who had barely time to lock and barricade him self from the threatened vengeance. In vain. The win dows and doors were smashed and battered in, and a vio lent tumult took place in the interior. Wi. bin two mi nutes the culprit was dragged out, pale and trembling, and supplicating for mercy. But he had shown little to his wretched partner, who, with a blackened eye, weeping bitterly, and also begging them to spare her unwor by spouse, who she was sure would never strike her again, joined her pitiful entreaties to his. The ministers of public justice were inexorable—his sentence was pro nounced, his doom sealed. The portentous pitchfork was immediately laid horizontally from the shoulder of one to the shoulder of another of the ablest of the executioners, who thus stood, front and rear, with Me stony (the shaft) between them. Upon this narrow-backed horse the offender was lifted by others, and held on by supporters • on either side, so that dismounting was completely cut of the question ; and there he sat elevated above the rest, in his most uncomfortable and unenviable wooden saddle. The air rung with yells of triumph and vituperation. Very slight arrangements were necessary, and the proces iion moved on. The w ife, surrounded by a party of her gossips, was compelled to accompany it; and it bent its course toward the river-side. The unmanly fellow who had provoked this fate, showed by his terrors that he was just one of those cowards who could ill-treat the creature who had a right to his protection. and had not fortitude to endure an evil himself. He howled for compassion, appealed by name to his indignant escort, and prayed and promised ; but they got to the brink of that clear and deep pool which mirrored the glittering sun above the mill wear (or could. Scottice), and there the bearers marched boldly in before they tumbled their burthen from his uneasy seat. Into the water he went over head and ears, and rose again, by no means " like a giant refreshed ;" and no sooner did he re-appear, than a powerful grasp was laid upon him, and down again he was plunged, and replunged, with unrelenting perseverance. The screams of his distracted wife fortunately attracted the attention o f a magistrate (my revered father) whose garden shelved to the edge of the stream where this scene was enacting, and he hastened to interfe.e. Had he not done so, life might probably have been lost; for the ruffian was exe crated by his fellow men for his continued abuse of late a pretty, sweet, and healthful maiden, now a pale-faced, bruised, and sickly matron, and one, too, of meek and unresisting temper, suffering cruelty without offence. As it was, the populace listened to the magistrate's voice, for , he was much beloved by them ; and giving the rascal one I dash more, allowed him to crawl to the bank of the silver, now polluted, Tweed. From thence he was hooted the whole way to his home; and so salutary was the effect of 'the day's proceedings on the half-drowned rat, that he never more misbehaved in such a manner as to render himself liable to ride the slang.—Archtelogiecil Album. I TOWN EDITION. FOLLY OF CHURCH INNOVATIONS.—With the present manifest indisposition which exists everywhere to admit the slightest change into the manner of performing divine service, we cannot conceive a more hazardous and need less experiment upon the Church principles of a congre gation thap the wanton intrusion of ceremonies which it is well known they will repudiate with abhorrence. It is late t. tryina their patience and tasking their forbea r ance most the unjustly. It is a most absurd notion that the religious habits of a whole community can be remodelled on a sud- Dun- den, at the will of one or two young clergymen, aed that in a their devotional feelings would submit in one moment to Well alterations which till then had been unheard of. Surely. , amid the mass of guilt and misery that has to be remedied, some higher qualification than a mere pretence to su ' perior rubrical information is needed; and something more efficient must he employed than a few changes in the ritual of the Church, before the responsibilities of the clergy, and their duties to the laity, can be thoroughly answered and fulfilled.— Times. THE TITLE OF ESQUIRE.—ReaI esquires are of seven sorts: 1. E-quires of the king's body, whose number is limited to four. 2. The eldest sons of knights, and their eldest sons born during their lifetime. It would seem that, in the days of ancient warfare, the knight often took his eldest son into the wars for the purpose of giving him a practical military education, employing him meanwhile as his esquire. 3. The eldest sons of the younger sons of peers of the realm. 4. Such as the king invests with the collar of SS, including the kings of arms, heralds, &c. The dignity of esquire was conferred by Henry IV. and his successors, by the investiture of the collar and the gift of a pair of silver spurs. Gower the poet was such an esquire by creation. 5. Esquires to the knights of the Bath, for life, and their eldest sons. 6. Sheriffs of coon tied, for life, coroners and justices of the peace, and gen tlemen of the royal household, while they continue in their respective offices. 7. Barristers at-law, doctors of divinity, law, and medicine, mayors of towns, and some others, are said to be of scutarial dignity, but not actual esquires. Supposing this enumeration to comprise all Rho are entitled to esquireship, it will be evident that thousands of persons styled esquires are not so in reality. It is a prevailing error that persons possessed of £3OO a year in land are esquires, but an estate of £50,000 would Wheat, Dantzic not confer the dignity. Ncthing but one or other of the Hamburg conditions above mentioned is sufficient.—Curiosities of Barley Herald , y. Oats, new Feed GUANO.—Besides supplying the home demand, guano Beans is now sent to Jamaica and Barbadoes, in order to invi- Peas gorate the sugar plantations, exhau s t e d by suc c ess i ve Flour, American crops. It is asked for in Germany, and shipments have Baltic already been made to France for the vineyards, where the SMITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET vine growers have, at length, borrowed a lesson from the The arrivals of Beasts. fresh up from our grazing counties, Peruvians. The importance of this article, therefore, were somewhat extensive, for the time of year, as to number; continues to increase, both here and abroad, and appre- but the r general quality was inferior. 1. 4 e much regret to ob bensions already begin to be entertained that, with the serve that at least a fourth of them were suffering severely from growing demand, the usual sources of supply will, in the disease. The Beef trade was again excessively heavy, and course of a few years, be dried up. From the eagerness Friday's depression in the currencies of ad. per 81b. w)s bare y of our navigators it may, however, confidently be expected supported—the very highest figure for the best Scots not exceed. that other deposits will be found out in regions hitherto oinf:h3ust. numbers S o l bf .the inferior Fe r r i r e ki.ds Beasts left e r e m n a e r a i r ce l y t a u l n l s dlosed unexplored. Till within the last six years, bird-drop- Fortunately for most parties the numbers of Sheep were pings have been considered of little or no value in Europe. rather limited, which caused the mutton trade to rule tolerably Accumulations of them, however, are known to exist in steady. Spain, in the elevated crags and caverns frequented by No Lambs came to hand from the Isle of Wight, while from vultures, crows, and bats. The habitations of sea-gulls other quarters the receipts of that description of stock, arising I t; from ite thep Down uai ti currencieses sold s obtainedslowly y on at F f l o d m ay s i s a . st l , ed were to and other marine birds along our own northern shores, rather u might equally be worth exploring. In the N. P ac ifi c , 6s. Other breeds from L. to ss. Bd. per sib., being about sta. guano deposits have already been visited : and already is I tionary figures. this article shipped from the coast of Labrador to our With Calves we were but moderately supplied. American colonies. Numerous flocks of sea fowls, as Per Bibs. to sink the offal. well as large congregations of seals and penguins, have s. d. s. d.f s. d. s. d. also been seen by navigators pursuing their course to the Inferior Beasts 2 6 2 101 Second quality do. 3 8— 3 to Arctic regions. Let their haunts then be searched. Second quality do 3 0— 3 2lCoarse do. 4 0— 4 2 Guano, we are assured, was recently di s co vere d i n the Prime laree Oxen 3 4 3 CRouthdownWelhers 4 4 4 6 Prime Scots, /kc 3 8— 3 10 Do. out of the wool -- turrets of Notre Dame, in Paris, and why shall it not be Coarse Calves found in those of cur own old churches ? Professor Small do. Buckland, at a late scientific meeting, and while disenurs- Suckling do. each.; 8 0-30 niQr. old Pigs, each t 6 0-20 0 ing on spontaneous combustion, stated to his audience Inferior Sheep 2 10— 3 &Lambs that two churches, the names of which he had in his pos- SUPPLY AT MARKET. session, had been destroyed by fire through the accumu- Beasts, 3,r04.... Sheep, 20,300.... Calves, 44 . Pigs, 3:5 lations of guano in the steeples and towers. The learned professor took occasion to remark that pigeons, crows, dawn, and other birds were in the habit of congregating in the upper parts of our old churches, and that on visit ing the venerable cathedral of Canterbury, he had him self counted fifty winged contributors flyir ' , through the broken lattices of the windows—expre ss i ng his apprehen sion that, if their droppings were allowed to accumulate, and a strong wind during a thunder-storm should arise and cause a strong current of air to pass through the tower, that noble edifice might be destroyed by fire. If the danger of spontaneous combustion is not sufficient to induce those who have charge of our old churches, to keep the steeples and towers clean, perhaps the price of guano hereafter will.—Polytechnic Review. A MOONLIGHT NIGHT ON THE NILE.—The wind re fused to second my impatience. I should have welcomed a hurricane, provided it would have blown from the north ; but Boreas was that day not in the humour to be gentle. It must have been the anniversary of the rape of Orithyia, when, sporting on the cliffs of Attica, the god bare her away in Elysian breezes. Towards evening I made ar rangements with Suleiman for sitting up all nicht. Our little furnace was lighted, and our largest coffee-pot, in order to supply both master and crew, set to simmer upon - LONDON MARKETS OF YESTERDAY. MARK-LANE CORN EXCHANGE At this day's market the supply of English Wheat was only moderate. The improvement which we noted this day week w s supported for fine qualities, but there was less firmness for other d scriptions. Free foreign in limited request, without change in value There was an inquiry for bonded for exporta tion, but no actual sales were spoken of. This completely pa ralysed the market. Ths offers received were fully Is. per quarter under last Monday's rates, whicl, factors generally re fused. and only retail sales could be mad?, at prfces in favour of the buyer. CURRENCY PER IMPERIAL MEASURE. Wheat, Essex and Kent. s. d. s. d Red 46 0 52 0 White 4B 0 56 0 Norfolk and Lincoln, red White . Irish, led White — Rye, old . New Barley, Grinding Malting Chevalier Malt, Suffolk and Norfolk Brown Kingstcn and Ware Chevalier Oats, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, feed Potatoe Youghall and Cork, black Cork, white Scotch, feed Beans, tick Pigeons Pease, Grey . Maple . White .. Boilers.. 30 0-34 0 Flour, town made Suffolk Stockton and Norfolk 35 o-36 0 27 0-0. 0 33 0 35 0 36 0-- 00 0 58 0- 6 3 0 s 6 o —6o 0 6o 0— 00 0 S 4 0 65 0 22 0 -- 23 0 23 0 -- 24 0 20 0-22 0 21 0-23 0 2l 0-23 0 31 0-36 0 38 0-39 0 34 0 -- 36 0 35 0-36 0 33 0 -- 35 0 36 0 - 38 0 42 0 - 00 0 :-!3 0 - 35 0 33 0-35 0 FOREIGN GRAIN AND FLOUR IN BOND 30 0 - 20 0-24 0 •17 0 - 18 0 15 0-17 0 24 . 0 - 29 0 28 0-32 0 1 9 0 - 18 0 - LONDON SHARE MARKET Birmingham and Glouc ster shares have been last sold at 1334. Caledonian 104, Cambridge and Lincoln 62. Churnet Val ley 74, Direct Northern 43, Eastern Counties 2 Great Southern and Western (Ireland) 11. Great North of England 192, Bir mingham 234. Brighton 622, London and York 33, Manchester an , l Leeds 14 - 4, Midland 14q1, Northern and Eastern 66, North Wales 24. Rugby 44, South Devon 20. South Wales 6, Trent Val ley 17. Boulogne and Amiens 1 4, Toulouse and Cette 23, Great Northern of France 6, Orleans and B urdeaux 114. Paris and Lyons, Ganneron's, 2i, Paris and Orleans 52, Tours and Nantes 3. A FRONT FOR A WORKHOUSE.—The guardians of the Highworth and Swindon Union, Wiltshire, have adver tised for tenders for the erection of a new workhouse. There is much wit in this announcement ; for the word " tender," in connexion with the word " workhouse," is an apt association of incongruous ideas. Anybody who can build a gaol can also build a workhouse ; but Punch, not having devoted his attention to prison architecture, is afraid that be could hardly plan one that would be suf. fic ently uncomfortable. As far, however, as a façade goes, of a fanciful and ornamental character, he has a few hints, available in the erection of any such edifice, which are quite at the advertisers' service. Let the facade be of the plainest Doric pillars supporting an entablature. Instead of ox-skulls, let the frieze be decorated with sheep-skulls —to express the richest order of broth to be expected within. Above these let there be certain sculp tures, emblematical of the nature and internal economy— which is very strict—of the building. For conspicuous ness' sake, these might be carved in high relief ; notwith standing the objection that the relief given to the inmates is the reverse of high. As to the subjects, those which present themselves most strongly to the mind of Punch, are,—Discipline as a beadle, allowancing Poverty with gruel; Mercy shaving a pauper's head; and Political Economy, in the form of the Home Secretary, separating man and wife.—Punch. THE RAILWAY TELEGRAPH.—RaiIways are messen gers of civilization, peaceful links tending to bind coun tries in ties of closer intercourse : as guarantees of peace, they protect from war. The electric telegraph will ac company them. They are now covering the continent— extending across the desert—about to span India from Calcutta to Bombay. Where will they stop? There is a railway now on its way from Petersburgh towards Mos cow? Will it stop there? The direction of that line, if prolongled, leads to China. Between Petersburg and Pekin there is scarcely a hill ; Moscow is, therefore, but a first-class station on the way to Pekin. We willl not speculate on the date of the completion of such a linejust yet, but return to what is imminent and in sight. From London to Southampton there is now an electric telegraph. Mr. Wheatstone is on his way to Paris for the arrange ment of a telegraph in France. It may soon be com pleted from Havre to Paris ; from Paris to Marseilles there will be a continuous line of railway, and a telegraph on it : thus we reach the Mediterranean : thence Egypt, across the desert, and so to Bombay and Calcutta. We may cross to Belgium, where an electric telegraph already exits. We shall soon have one continuous line to Venice ; then across the desert, and finally from Calcutta to Bombay as before. Does such a prospect, so clear, so certain of bringing so near home our many friends and brothers now in the other hemisphere not bring home to our hearts the conviction that we are just entering a ca reer of social improvement, based on scientific discovery, the beneficial effects of which it is difficult to foretell.— Athenceunr. REMISSION OF THE GLASS DuTIES.—AII lovers of or namer,tal art, and of its combination with the useful arts, must have been highly gratified .vith the total abolition of the excise on glass, announced by the Premier as part of his financial arrangements for the present year. In the whole range of fiscal duties, it would be scarcely possible to discover an impost every way so objectionable as that which is about to be abolished; it imposed restritaions on the manufacture which most directly added to the nati onal wealth, and which is surpassed by les in its power of contributing to the health, the comfort, and the conve nience of the community. The materials of which glass is composed are, for the most part, worthless for any other purpose; the value added to them by the skill, the labour, and the ingenuity of manufacturers may conse quently he regarded as the creation of so much new capi tal to be added to the general stock of national wealth. Hitherto our manufacturers have been actually prohibited from making any improvement in their products, not only because their experiments were rendered costly by being subjected to taxation, but also their processes were stringently regulated by the Board of Excise—a body far more interested in facilitating the collection of duty by its officers, and prwiding for their convenience. than in consulting the exigencies of manufacturers, or even the ultimate advantage of the public. It was obviously im possible that any manufacture should flourish when per sons utterly ignorant of the business had the power of prescribing the routine that was to be observed in every part and process of the fabrication. So far are the En glish glassmakers from deserving blame because they have in some branches of the art allowed foreigners to outstrip them, that it is highly creditable to their inge nuity-and ability that they have been able to maintain the struggle at all. The fact that they have borne up against competition under such disadvantages may be re ceived as a ground for confidence that their liberated powers will give to this manufacture a variety, an exten sion, and an excellence such as it has not attained, in any b other country. On g,ancintr over the list of the four hundred and thirty articles which are to be admitted for the future free of all duties on import, we are glad to find among the enfranchised substances the alkalies and seve ral other articles- important to glass manufacturers; and we more readily notice this gratifying fact, because the Premier did not take credit for this additional boon when explaining his fiscal arrangements. The purposes of or nament and utility to which glass may advantageously be applied are far more numerous than is generally known or even suspected. Sir It. Peel has mentioned that glass is used to form the delicate balance-spring of a watch, and the draining-pipes which may be used as a substitute for tiles. We way be permitted to notice that, in horticul ture, the use of glass for regulating temperature opens a very cheering prospect to a class of men often exposed to severe vicissitudes—we mean the market gardeners. Should the science of agriculture make such progress as to assimilate its processes to horticulture, of which there appears to be a very reasonable prospect, we should not be surprised to find conservatories regarded as an essen tial part cf fixed farm-stock, and the number of farinace ous plants cultivated for food increased to an almost in definite extent. The importance of the subject has forced theorced us to say a few words upon it in our present nnniber, but we have not space to discuss it in anything like length which the subject deserves ; we shall, however, resume it, probably in our next number, and we shall then point out some uses and applications of glass, which are not generally known to the public, but which are likely to prove of great advantage to the nation.—Art Union. . . MODESTY.—There is a young man in Cincinnati who is so modest, that he will not'' embrace an opportunity." He would make a good mate for the lady who fainted when she heard of the " naked truth." THE IRON TRADE. (From the Mining .Tournal.) There never was, perhaps, a Period, since the manufar ture of iron assumed any degree of importance in this country, in which the prospects of long-continued pros perity in this great branch of our staple trade, are based on such certain anticipations as at the present moment. The years of high prices and consequent prosperity were 1817, 1818, 1825, and 183 G, in which the prices of pig iron were upon an average £9 13s, and £7 10s, respec tively ; but the uses to which iron was put at those periods, do not appear to have borne out a sufficient cause for the great advances in price which were then obtained. Until 1836, railways, for which so many thousands of tons are required, were almost unknown in this or any other coun try, and the many uses to which it is applied, were either little understood or very sparingly alopted. Thus fire proof buildings, and the general introduction of iron into both public edifices, and private houses and mansions, which carry off so large a quantity of our present supply, were little known a few years ago ; but the great feature at present is the employment of iron in ship-building— that is, constructing both steam and sailing• vessels entirely of iron. On a careful examination, the building of iron vessels does not appear likely to be of a temporary nature, from tl e following facts, which came under the writer's own observation. Seven years ago, four sailing vessels were built for a company .trading from an out-port to London. Three of them were built of wood, and one was constructed of iron. At the dissolu►ion of the com pany last year, these vessels were sold—the three wood ones bringing one-half of their original cost, while the iron one was found to have suffered so little, and to have cost so small a sum in repairs, that she was sold for very nearly the precise sum of her first cost. These facts, among many others of a similar character, give such a character to iron vessels, and are beginning to be so well understood and appreciated, that there is hardly an iron ship building yard in the kingdom that is not fully em ployed, and where inquiries for iron vessels are not daily made, and they justify our opinion, that in a few years there will be no vessels constructed of any other material. Go vernment seems so fully convinced of their superiority over timber frigates, that many are now being constructed of iron in London, Liverpool, Birkenhead, and Glasgow, for public service, and the late increase in the navy estimates seems to point out still further additions to our war steam vessels. The cotton trade under ordinary circumstances, takes about 1-6 of the iron made in this country annually in machinery arising from the ordinary wear and tear of steam engines, boilers, new mills, and the substitution of new and improved looms, &c., &c., for the old. But the number of new mills at present in course of erection ex ceeds any former per od ; and of course, must increase the average quantity of iron to be consumed in this branch of our trade. Agriculture also requires consider able supplies, which must this year, and for many suc ceeding ones, be greatly increased, from the improve ments that are taking place in agricultural machinery. If to these circumstances be added, the extra demands for an increasing population, not only in point of numbers, but in wealth and general prosperity, it must be admitted, that a greater amount of iron will be required, both in this and other countries, than has ever yet been known. It has been urged, that high prices of any article will soon have the effect of increasing the production of that commodity. This, in most cases, is true; but it will not fully. and at all events, will not immediately, apply to iron, for the erection of new furnaces, and machinery, the sinking of new coal mines, and the forming of rail ways to bring the minerals to the point at which they are required, involve so large a quantity of iron, as to render it even scarcer for the time. Another cause which tends to diminish the production of iron while high prices pre is the advance of wages to workmen always incident to prosperous times, for a miner will work six days a week when he earns only 2s a day ; but only three or four days when he gets 4s or 5s a day. The great demand for labour in the forming of the new lines of railway, in tun neling and embanking, will also draw from the iron dis tricts a large amount of population, which would other wise have been employed in the kindred branch of min ing. It may be a matter of some interest in the present state of the iron trade, to attempt to reduce to figures the amount of iron likely to be made and consumed in the present year, and with some labour, assisted by practical men, the following table has been drawn up Pig-iron produced in England and Wales in Iron produced in Scotland, 1811 Tons 856,000 .. .. 354,000 Total for Great Britain, 1844 ..... 1,210,000 Add for increase induced by high prices in 1845 120,000 Tons 1,830,000 Total for 1845 Estimated Consumption for 1845 2,000 miles of railways, to be made in 1845 and 1816—say, half in 1845 contracted for -1000 miles of railway, 250 tons per mile for rails ... Add for loss of one-fifth, in converting pig-iron 250,000 to rails 1000 miles of railway require, if chairs Add loss in manufacture, 5 per cent Iron required for railways in progress. and passed in 1844 Iron for waggons, stations, engines, tanks, &c , computed from inspection of railway compa nies accounts, that each mile of railway re quires 300 tons per mile above the weight of permanent rails and chairs-1000 miles will 50,000 70,000 3,500 150,000 • then give Export in 1844, 460,000 tons—say, • from the in crease of railways abroad, and the remission of duties on iron by some of the continental states, it will be .. . General consumption of iron in Great Britain (exclusive of railways,) in bar-iron, castings, water and gas-pipes, in steam-engines, and the whole hardware of the country, 300,000 500,000 480,000 Tons 1,803,500 If this statement, in any way, is near the truth, we shall have a deficiency of nearly 500,000 tons of iron, which must cause the suspension of many great public works. It is possible, that from the exertions of our iron masters, a greater quantity may be produced tha❑ 1,330,000 tons : but it cannot be materially greater than what has been computed. Under any circumstances, however, it cannot be denied that the iron trade is more prosperous, and that its present flourishing state is not oily certain of being permanent for some years, but more likely to increase than at any former period. The following are the present prices of iron : Rails, £l3 per ton, bars, £9 10s., pigs, £s 12s. 6d. CAMPBELL r. Wallace among Sy the latter get lished in this cc appeared, with " lii hot' rom Er,y o 2 rse without of c THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. GENERAL MISCELLANY, It is said that Mr. Colburn has in the press a new work by the author of " Coningsby." On Friday last, Alderman T. R. Batson, of Newcastle on-Tyne, was killed by being thrown from his phaeton. CHARLES DlCKENS.—Letters from Rome state that Boz and the Pope are quite hand and toe! On Friday a poor man, named Jonathan, a wireworker, died from the inclemency of the weather in one of the third-class carriages of the Great Western Railway. On Saturday week the Earl of Harewood caused a week's wages to be paid to the workmen employed on his lands whose labours had been suspended by the frost. About nine o'clock on Sunday morning week, two dis tinct vibrations of an earthquake were felt at Camrsie, near Glasgow. The corporation of London have purchased the Fleet Prison from government for £29,000, and the building is to be forthwith demolished. A glass manuficturing firm at Sunderland is erecting three additional glass-bottle houses, in consequence of the proposed abolition of the duty. Two more of the persons injured at the execution of the murderer Saville. at Nottingham, died last week, making about twenty lives lost on that occasion. After Lady-day parish-officers can, whenever they see necessary, have solicitor's bills, for parochial business, taxed by the clerk of the peace. A woman of penurious habits died the other day at M tch el- Troy , Monmouthshire, from the stringent effects of acorn tea, used as a cheap substitute for coffee. The fountains in Trafalgar-square, London, have at last got to work, and attract much attention. The jets appear to be about three yards in height, and distribute a large body of water. At Stratford, on Wednesday last, John Brough, was sentenced to death for the murder of his brother. The deceased had ordered the mother to be distrained upon which was the cause of the horrid deed. Fluz.—A most alarming fire broke out late on Satur day night last, in the rick-yard of Mr. Allen, an extensive farmer at Pewsey, Wilts, by which property to the amount of £2OOO has been destroyed. A very numerous meeting was held at Douglas, Isle of Man, on Tursdiy, to petition government to make Dou glas Bay the site of their contemplated harbour of refuge. Sir W. Hillary was in the chair. At the Maidstone Assizes, a farmer recoverel £BOO damages from the South Eastern Wrilway Company, being the value of a stack of farm buildings, fired by sparks from the chimney of one of the company's locomotives. DARTMOUTH ELECTION.—The Parliamentary Com mittee have decided that " at the time of the last election for Dartmouth, Joseph Somes, Esq., was not disqualified from being elected by reason of being engaged in any go vernment contract." Mrs. Ann Gardner, the postmistress at Enstone, was convicted at the Oxford assizes, of having opened two letters, and stolen a third containing two half sovereigns. Sentence upon the prisoner (who is 64 years of age) was deferred. A surgeon, named Gashes, practising at a village near Norwich, and who was fully committed for trial, charged with the manslaughter of a married woman in his capacity as accoucheur, contrived to make his escape from the po lice-inspector about three o'clock in the morning. OLD BALLADS ARE WORTH SOMETHING.—A collection in black-letter, extended over 110 years, from 1570 to 1680, and abode 900 in number, in 3 vols. folio, were sold last week by Mr. Sotheby for £535. Understood to be foi the British Museum. In the case of the recent explosion at Blackwall, the coroner's jury, on Thursday, brought in a verdict of manslaughter against Mr. Lowe, and added that the ma chinery generally on Mr. Samnda's establishment was of a most defective character. A chironev.sweeper, fourteen years old, bas been killed at Glasgoa;by falling from the top of a house, while en deavouring to get his father safely down from the roof, the man being drunk ; the boy fell a height of four stories, and was killed instantaneously ; his mother, who had sent him up, being a witness of his death. A chimney-sweeper, fourteen years old, has been killed at Glasgow, by falling from the top of a house while en deavouring to get his father safely down from the roof, the man being drunk ; the boy fell a height of four stories, and was killed instantaneously ; his mother, who had sent him up, being a witness of his death. One of those brilliant operations which has crowned the labours of modern surgery, and made it the instrument of unspeakable value to the species, has been performed in the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. A boy, labouring under cancer of the lower jaw, which must inevitably have con signed him to his grave in a few weeks, had that bone cut out of its joint at the temple, and with the bone the cancer removed. The boy is doing well. FATAL OCCURRENCE.—On Monday afternoon the floor of an apartment in the Exeter Female Penitentiary gave way, and twenty-one of the inmates were precipated into a tank of water, which extended underneath to the size of the floor, and was at least 10 feet deep. In this awful well were the unfortunate beings struggling for life. Six. teen of them were taken out alive ; the remaining five were suffocated. ENGLAND A CHEAP COUNTRY.—It is our belief that England on the whole is the cheapest country in the world. Where the comparison of prices appears against us, that difference will often disappear as soon as we ask for a large supply of an equal quality. We would rather undertake to furnish our metropolis with its present weekly allowance of meat, drink, and clothing, in its pre sent situation, in the heart of this over-taxed country, than in any part of the European continent.— Times. PRESENT CF CHEESE TO HER MAJESTY.—Mr. 0. P. Mills sends out by the Switzerland, (London packet ship,) several thousand pounds of cheese, the produce of a Vermont dairy, which is intended to equal the best Stilton or Cheshire Cheese. One box has been selected as a present to her Majesty Queen Victoria.—New York paper.—[We hope that some of our Cheshire farmers will give her Majesty an opportunity of learning that this Yankee brag about American cheese being equal to the produce of our own dairies is all " gammon."] A HUMANE DOG AND AN INHUMAN HUSBAND.—AD inquest was held last week at Delph, in the parish of Kings winford, on the body of Elizabeth Hemeley, whose hus band was in the habit of ill-using and half-starving her, though but recently married. On the Monday previous to the inquest, the husband was seen to leave the house, and immediately afterwards the woman was seen to run out of the house in flames. A large dog came to the spot and tore her burning clothes off by mouthruls, though his mouth was badly burnt, and did not desist till the fire was effectually put out. The poor woman died. The husband was severely reprimanded, but it appeared her clothes catching fire was accidental. Verdict accordingly. BREACH OF PROMISE OF MARRIAGE.—III our last we stated that a special jury had been struck in the case Mears v. Luccock, for trial at the present assizes. Previously to the entry of causes, an arrangement, however, was made, which prevented its beine tried. The plaintiff, Miss Mears, is the daughter of Mr. Mears, for many years a jeweller in this city ; she is about eighteen years of age, and has re cently made a very successful debut as a professional sin ger. The defendant, Mr. Luccock, is a merchant of Leeds, an alderman of the borough, and probably will be elected to the office of Chief Magistrate next year. It is reported that the teems on which this action was settled, were, that the plaintiff has received £lOOO as damages, and that the defendant has paid the costs of legal proceedings.—York paper. *. CONDUCT OF HOCKER IN NEWGATE.—Since his com mittal to Newgate Rocker has manifested the same indif ference with respect to the charge of murder which he ex hibed before the coroner and at the police court. During the day he takes exercise with the other prisoners in the yard attached to the wing in which he is confined, and en ters freely into conversation with them. A great portion of his time, however, is devoted to reading and writing. He regularly attends chapel, and pays the greatest atten tion to the rules and regulations of the prison. Since his incarceration he has been visited by his father and bro ther. To the latter he spoke of his innocence of the crime imputed to him, and that he had no doubt about proving •himself not guilty on his trial. MISS MARTINEAU AND MESMERISM.—The last num ber of the Athenceum contains a letter from Dr. Brown, of Bishopwearmouth, regarding a marvellous case of second sight, or something similar, reported by Miss Martineau, a few months ago, from which it seems very clear that the celebrated " J," of whom that lady related so many wonders, must have been an imposter. Those who have read Miss Martineau's letters on mesmerism will remember, that on one occasion " J," while in the mesmeric trance, gave a full and particular account of a shipwreck which had recently taken place, and of which, according to Miss Martineau, it was utterly impossible that the girl could have the slightest knowledge previous to her having be en thrown into the magnetic sleep. it now appears, however, from a statement made by the aunt of " J," that the whole of the circumstances connected with the wreck were the subject of conversation in the presence of that girl, three hours before the mesmeric exhibition during which she related them. MAYNOOTH COLLEGE.—A very numerously and res pectably attended meeting was held in the great room of Exeter Hall, London, on Tuesday last, " for the purpose of petitioning parliament against the new endowment of the Roman Catholic College of Maynooth." The meet ing was composed of various evangelical nonconforming bodies, and the most cordial union amongst the protestants present was 'manifested. A few papists, however, had obtained admission, and repeatedly attempted to inter rupt the proceedings. The chair was occupied by that well-known and consistent advocate of protestantism, J. P. Plumptre, Esq. M.P. The speakers were the Hoe. and Rev. Baptist Noel. the Revs. Charles Prest, Edward Bickersteth, George Cubitt, W. Chalmers, and Curling, and Sir Culling Eardley Smith, and J. Cook Evans, Esq. The eloquent addresses of these gentlemen were heard with deep attention, and responded to with en thusiasm. A petition to parliament against the Maynooth grint was agreed to, and a Metropolitan Committee to conduct opposition to the Government proposal was ap pointed. The great demand for seamen in the merchant service presents some obstacles in the way of obtaining the 4000 additional seamen rtquired for the royal navy, and the entries at most of the principal ports has been smaller than was anticipated. Hull has, as yet, furnished only about )00 hands—the entries during the past week averag ing only about one per day. We hear that, in consequence oft his sc,reity of able and indeed of ordinary seamen, the Admiralty have relaxed the restrictions as to the classes to be admitted, and are admitting smart active lads from 17 to 20 years of age, indeed, nearly half of those received at Hull have been of this class ; many of them are young men extremely likely to obtain preferment. It is now arranged that foreign sailors, domiciled in this country, on presenting themselves at the Home Office and taking the oath of allegiance, shall be entitled to register tickets and certificates the same as natural born British seamen now are. This was a matter of course, as a large number of foreign seamen have married English women. and are employed in the commercial shipping of this country ; and the whole of those who are registered are eligible for the royal navy. MESMERISM.—CONFESSION OF FOUR IMPOSTORS.— We perceive from the LtamingtonCourier that Dr. Lietch, an eminent physician of that town, has thoroughly ex posed the tricks of four boys who had been exhibited, with great ecldt, in the Music-hall in that place, by a Mr. —, as illu,trating the truth of phreno-mesmerism. The account of the exposure is too long for our columns. We can only glance at the principal facts. Ihe examination took place at the house of Dr. Lietch, in the presence of a number of gentlemen. The four youths—one of whom had been a subject for mesmerisers for between two and three years—atter pretending to be put into the mesmeric trance by Dr. Lietch, and displaying a great number of phreno-mesmeric " manifestations" one after another, confessed,. with the most circumstantial detail, that the whole had been a trick on their part from beginning to end. " One after another (says Dr. Lietch) of the boys passed off into 'the sleep'—they exhibited all the tricks shown at Mr. —'a lecture at the Music-hall, and they were not aware until they were upbraided with their deceit, and threatened with punishment, that there was any danger of their being discovered. One after another confessed their guilt; they went into details concerning their plans which proved the trt.th of their confession; their cross•examinations corroborated each other's tes timony ;—and they all signed a paper the next evening, in the presence of respectable witnesses, stat , ng that the whole was a trick, that none of them had ever at any lime been asleep or unconscious when mesmerised ; that what they had done, they had done for money ; and they con cluded by promising solemnly never to indulge in the same knavery again. * * * As to a man like Mr. being the dupe of the deceit of these poor silly boys, I do not for one moment believe it. In my opinion he knew as well as the lads themselves, that the catalepsies' and ' manifestations' were mere absurdities." IMPORTATIONS ENDER THE NEW TARIFF.—Mr. Gladstone, the late President of the Board of Trade, has published a very able review of the recent commercial measures of the present government. In the course of it he points out, " that where there has been an increase large enough to be worth naming in the import of an agricultural or manufacturing product, it has still been in almost every instance confined within very moderate bounds." For example,—" The duty on potatoes was reduced from 2s. to 2d. per cwt., in suite of the solemn warning that with so small a protection the cultivation of them in Yorkshire must be abandoned." The import rose to about 5,000 tons in the second year of the new law. " But this quantity is little more than the crop of 600 acres of land, and constitutes but one sixtieth part of the estimated consumption of the metropolis alone, •per haps one six-hundredth part of the consumption of the country." The duty on onions was reduced from 3s. to 6d. The import of the second year amounted to " the yield of about 116 acres of land, whereas in the county of Essex alone, eight or ten times that breadth is occupied in raising, not onions, but onion seed." Again, among manufactured articles, the increase in the importation of boots and shoes would scarcely suffice for a hundredth part of the population of the metropolis. In some few instances government yielded to the importunities of some feeble interest, and mitigated their intended redac tion on imports. The result has very commonly been that the change eventually made is a nullity. Out of sheer pity they substituted 10s. for their original inten tion of ss. per cwt. on starch ; and this duty of 10s. was represente4 by manufacturers as a totally insufficient pro tection. " Now, mark the result. In the first twelve montl s Of new law we find an experimental importa tion took place to the extent of 498 cwt. But in the se cond year it sank to 20 cwt., or a value of about £25." Another case was remarkable. The duty on straw plat ting was reduced from 17s. per pound to 7s. 6d., and that on straw hats and bonnets from about 18s. fid. to Bs. 6d., a more considerable reduction having been intended. The importation actually declined. In the second year it re covered a little, bat still was not nearly a moiety of that in 1838. BEET-ROOT SUGAR.—Many persons probably are net aware that we have manufactories of sugar from beet' root and potatoes in Britain. It appears from a Parl ie ' rventary return, that there is one at Stratford, in which made 3,800 cwts. of sugar in 1843, and 5,420 evrt e ' in 1844. There is another at Liverpool, which made 43it cwts. in 1843, and 62 cwts. in 1844. There is a third 8 • Portaferry, in Ireland, which seems to have began le 1841, and in that year made 1154 cwts. This he n° manufacture pays duty at the colonial rate, n amely , 255. 24d. per cwt. Last year the duty came to £7,052. As of THE NEW SUGAR DUTIES.—The first public 8- foreign free-labour, under the new scale of import dutip.t. took place on Tuesday. This sale consisted of 13, 0 W bags of Manilla with certificates of origin, and it was Puri chased by the refiners, we are informed, chiefly by WO' 1 . experiment. The prices ranged from 6d. to Is. per cw. t higher than could be obtained by exportation, so that ; appears that the arrangement of the scale is such as bare'l to bring it in for consumption at the current article Should prices sink lower the same quality of the article would, as a matter of course, be excluded by the dut/I whilst, on the contrary, should they advance, an increase EsseX , quantity will be brought into home consumption.—Here w CASE OF IDENTITY.—At the Oxford assizes, on Atop, day, three m en were t r i e d f or a hi g h way robbery. .'"w prosecutor swore positively to them, and the circumsfae; tial evidence was s t rong , b u t, i n t h e i r d e f ence, t h ey prove; by a host of credit a bl e witnesses that they were in bed Oi l distant from the place at the time of the robbery. It Wss then recollected that three other men were in custody fo r the robbery, but against whom the grand jury had ignor ed the bills ! As they were s till i n cus t o d y, t h e court o rder e d that they be pl ace d b es id e t h e men on tr i a l . Wh en this was done the most m ar k e d lik enesses appeared bettvee: them. The pris oners were at once acquitted, and told eY the judge that they left the dock untainted. A GIGANTIC ROPE.—Messrs. Haggie Brothers, rop e ' makers, at Gateshead, have this week completed a " ster line" f , r the Liverpool and Manchester Rail!, Company. It is intended for the incline plane from to Liverpool to the Edgehill station ; and as it will be 0 1, in a tunnel, a n d consequen tl y un d er coy, r, it is a 80 1 ; rope—a very unusual circums'ance. It was placed OP., vehicle, to which e i g ht een h orses were h arnesse d that 1 ' might be drawn to the station of the Newcastle and Pac; lington Railway, in this borough ; but the " monster temp' were unable to move the " monster line." It was the le• fore sent to Redheugh by water, and forwarded to the 4 411 ' tion by the incline.—Gateshead Observer. APPLICATION OF GLASS TO LOOM MOUNTING.--Fl, some time past the weav ers a t P a i s l ey h ave b een in 1"a habit of substituting rods of c r y s t a l f or t h e complicate t mass comprising hundreds of littl e woo d en pulleys tued were fixed in their harness carriages. Last week we Il e an opportunity of seeing another preparation of crystal fo r a different departm en t o f th e s h aw l manu f acture , wher e e metal had formerly been e m pl o y e d. Wh en i t i s cons idere d that crystal can be at once moulded into any form, O l d that, at its formation, it possesses all the smoothness a p e hardness of polished and tempered steel, we have b doubt but, with th e abolition o f th e d uty, i t w ill so on applied to many departments of our manu f actures wher e f light machinery is used, and that for a great nu mber .° purposes it will supers e de cas t me t a l an d b rass en tire' Besides its easy an d comp l e t e f ormat i on, g l ass i s i nva luable , , from its being unaff ec t e d by d amp , h ea t , or cold, Will" 4 wood, and all the metals, less or more are. CELEBRATED AUTOGRAPHS.—At a sale on Thursdar; in London, of autographs of kings, heroes, poets. 6 4 e ' be leaf from the copy-book of George IV., written whe" • was six years of age—" Generous minds strive to excel I! courtesy," sold fur 10s. A f ran k o f L or d N e l son 's • eu dressed to the Lord Ch ance ll or , an d d ate d 1801 , s old f° , ,', £1 Is. ; and an ordar, s i gne d b y t h at great man, a ddresse: to Captain Ca[craft, not to int"rrupt any Spanish sbir dated on board the Arophion. May 30, 1803, sold for la 6 ; A letter from the D u k e of Wellington, in answer to on from John Greenwood, with reference to the statue Achilles, sold for Ils. I n hi s rep l y, t h e D u k e o f W e l lington answers i n th e f o ll ow i ng l acon i c an d charact erist, , manner—" Of all men living the duke has the least to sal to the statue about to h e erecte d." A not h er l etter of oie t.l , duke's, addressed to hi s b an k er , an d one f rom t h e D u ch"' • len° of Wellington, s.dd for 15.=. An autograph of Nap- , to an official document, sold for 17s. A letter of Gent 7: Washington's, dated Mo un t V ernon , M arc h 12, 114, sold for 12s. The number o f l o t s di spose d o f w as 1 and the sum realised by the sale was near £3OO. THE NEW GLASS DUTIES.—The following resolution, is to be moved i n Committee on the Customs Acts by th d Chancellor of the Exchequer :—Resolved, That from 8 , 11 , after the expiratio n o f E xc i se D ut i es on British Gle:; vi and unt;l the 10th d ay o f O cto b er, 18 4 6 , the f o llo , ' duties of Custom s b e c h arge d on t h e art i cles undermen' f tioned, imported into th e U n it e d Ki ng d om, i n li eu 0 duties now chargeable thereon : _ GLASS, viz.:— Any kind of window glass, white, or stained of one colour only, not exc. eding one-ninth of an inch in thickness , 0 and shades a! , d c)linders, the cwt. All glass exceeding one-ninth of an inch in thickness, all sir. red or polished glass of whatever thickness, however small each pane. plate, or sheet i superficial measure, viz. Not containing more than 9 square feet. the square foot.. Containing more than p square feet, and not more than 14 square feet, the square foot .................... . . Containing more than 14 square feet, and not more than 3 5 „ 6 square feet, the square foot .......................... ; Containing more th n 36 square feet, the square foot • • • • Glass, painted or oth rwise ornamented, the superficial fr. All white flint glass bottles, not cut, engraved, or otherwise 0 ornamented, and beads and bugles of glass, the lb. • • Wine glasses,tnmblers,and all oh er white flint glass goods, 4 not cut, engraved. r otherwise ornamented, the lb •• • All flint cut glass, flint coloured glass, and fancy orna- g 0 mental glass, of whatever kind, the lb Bottles of glass ei)vered with wicker (not being flint or cut glass.) or of green or common glass, the cwt Glass mann act ures not° , hei wise enumerated or described , and old broken glass, fit only to be re-manufactured, the t 4 cwt That. from and after the 11th day of October, 1846, until sth day of Ap il, 1848, there be charged on the said articles 71 , half of the said duties, and from and after the sth day of AP 1848, one fourth part of the said duties. viet THE CONVICT TAWELL.—On Tuesday this --n r e, received the visiting magistrates with g re a t comPonia and expressed his thankfulness for the consideration su ° to him. It was intimated that nobody would be 01 0 ,, to visit him but those whom he ex p resse d a wish to el upon which he observed, that he desired to see no b ; e lf but his wife, and he looked fo rwar d t o ano ther inter/ibis with her. One of the m ag i s t ra t es suggeste d to bi ra ro go propriety of foregoing such a sce n e, an d s p ar i ng the 3 fee' l ke rs of his wife in particular, of who m h e b a d so lately to of leave. lie, however, persisted in the wish and- b° l , o l again seeing her, meekly alluding to th e a ffe c tionate ter riv upon which they they had lived t oge th er . It is ren l , s l be able that the culprit has never o nce com plained 0 ' a pe sentence passed upon him. When the hope of e tolf (which had been very great withi n hi m ) was st 2 " — Jger J crushed, he observed that " the jud ge was a just o o to but a stern one." He has once remarked, with r e '; s l9 reference to his sentence, " that he c ou ld con seient,i° pot acquit himself of cruelty or treachery to anybody.: sto he rarely, if ever, adverts to his crime. He conttnoetd. receive numerous letters from all quarters of the cOO% he His time is divided between writing rid praying; a n g pet occasionally sees the chaplain, but no revelation ii B bo rt', been made. Great care has b e e n o b serve d by t he ati l t: dr ties to prevent, what is thought by m a n y he will att e ,., o to the making away with himself. M rs . T awe ll is kncT or sb ;lave been aware of the exi s t ence o f suc h a perso n 05 Hart, and even of Tawell's having children by bef:ttri' she was utterly unconscious of hi s v i s i t i ng h e r, Ee!,%; th e butes. his last visit to purely humane mo ti ves . 1 7 1 1 " — „le$' , 28 h instant is decidedly fixed for th e execu tion, ta t the Secretary of State orders it othe rw i se . A Pelitifp Sir James Graham has been set on foot in the 10 ; 10 Aylesbury, praying that the sentence of death 08 ' 0 i l l commuted to transportation for life. This petiti° s o: grounded on an objection to the punishment of dv all so o. the prayer is set forth i n b e h a lf o f a ll w h o li e uncle',. a sentence. ; 1 LEGACY DUTY.—The annual retu rn o f the esP' ta n t which legacy duty has been paid, and of the alp° oil revenge received in the United Kingdom for stamp t o f; on legacies, in the y ear en di ng the sth January l' 9 'Or' ) fords the follo w i ng i n f orma ti on : —l t appears, i n the o tlo place, that the gross total amount of capital on Wh i t Or l i ; several rates of legacy d ut y h ave b een pa id in Grefotticof taro during the year 1844, was £44,393,887, cu. at e, amount the sum of £24,117,769 was pa id a t the 1 ;e0 1 '. £1 per cent, £107,262 at th e ra t e o f £2 10 s . eer: t £13,708,061 at the rate of £3 per cent., £11,3 17 i t rate of £4 tier cent., £1,496 . 230 a t th e ra te of " 5 93 k s i ; cent., £362,472 at the rate o f £6 per cen t., Xl ° ' a t t"1 the rate of £8 per cent., an d, l ast l y , £4,580,17 9 e per s , extreme rate of £lO per cent.; showing that the g c ru e t rates—that is, those from which the largest amount lottl h o to the revenue—are those of 1 and 3 per cent. Th e ta of the gross total amount under all these rates sl'i v ilt4 year 1797 elves a sum of £1,293,819,797 s terlinc!!, ° 7 6ls. £638,687,437 was under the £1 per cent rate. £ 333 ' der t g, under the £3 per cent. rate, and £139,191,12 2 n o ir e £lO per cent. rate. A return from Ireland, which r kto shows that the total amount of capital in the stit e fe 4 dorn on which the several rates of legacy duty „bt, e seof paid in 1841, is £2,140,021, of whice£1,271,7 74 - rst e ,ol at the rate of £1 per cent., and £564.552 at th e .. e oely £3 per cent. The total amount of legacy duty berit on this capital was £53,618, being in round ell psY'd the average rate of £2 10s. per cent. on the cal" t h a a telV the duty. The total amount of the duty on Pr°" ii r 1 k administrations received in Ireland during the ;',,e 00 left 45, was £61,031, making, with the duty receive" tiler. Est, cies, a grand total revenue o f £114,649. It fu r ro4 4 , l l pears, on exami n i ng t h e ot b er port i ons o f this ecru o t the gross total a n mount of revenue received in lee f i et taro during the year 1844 was, for stamp duty 43- ,, r q £1,198,552, and fo r d ut y on pro b a t es , testamen t- o r/I°e tories, &c., £966,852. In Ireland the ` an giloi°,o l ' l l the revenue of the United Kitigdena was enrich were respectively £53,618 and £61,031. It ' tv ed tl o' „ n et/ amount of £280,053 from these stamp-duties .L's`-ja.oet, legacies and probates, &c. The office ttee o " o ll 4l t admit of any dist.nction of the duties receive d w ool tr, or reversionary bequests. The gross total i 1i 0 1, 3 0, 1 OF. duty received since the year 1797 in the vv „g3 ere' United Kingdom was, on legacies £38,39 6, ' 1 7 ;eat ° ts" probates, administrations, and testamentary 1."1.0014.00. £30,719,090. The last branch of the retura,'9 o reader that the total amount o f d u ty received letreff from 1797 to 1845, a period of 48 y e ars, was' 101'0 £767,869, and on probates and adrniiiistratiorst 00 0 0 14 In Scotland, the duty received on legacies __ceif_ti amounts to the sum of £2,111,641, and that r.' . . f eaw probates, administrations, and testamentary '`" to the sum of £1,155,329. AMERICAN SEAMEN.—Iay a report made Art t° c. 0 0 1 by the chairman of the N ava l C omm ittee (Lv- S O ,A it has been ascertained th a t ou t o f 109,000 sel f ics ° ,o7 out of the United States, only 9,000 were ALT, 00 0 : 0 0 1 , a proportion of Ito 12. Th e Ohi o ship-of-tu:',h from New York on a three years' ortiise, 71 ' 1 5. 1 7 1,000 men, only 182 of whom were Arnehri,,el:-ii; V. Delaware %Tot to sea with a less Mo n " - tiou. Mar. 25, 184..