The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-07-15 00:00:00

July 15 1845, total ant Vrobinriat Re llls. lia 4 r4 B . t°4 Exchange is about to be established at Black ks,_U4 Wednesday, a woman named M`Carrick, of Cotter -vet? Toxteth-park, died from excessive drinking. On Friday an explosion took place at a quarry near a ku p It o " . ' 4l , which caused the immediate death of one of the 'llium and the lingering death of another. s e l l s e Liverp oo l su b scr i p ti ons f or th e d es tit u t e w idow 04 `',Vaildr en o f t h e l ate l amente d Th omas H oo d , amoun t e d, S aturday evening, to £ll7. T R th e It RURAL POLICE.—It appears from an abstract of th.eoUnty expediture, just published, that the cost of r ttral police, i n n Lancashire, is X 33,551 Os. ld. kk o II Thursday, four large vans loaded with green peas, Vwberri es , an d c h err i es , were sent f rom C oven t- gar d en *aarltet, for sale at Manchester. s e 'r .,le first sal e o f b on d e d sugar i n M anc hester t o ok pl a ce spe We dnesday. The lots are said to have met with a e d 9 sale, after considerable competition. % e on Thursday, John Smith, 24 years of age, at work at tp -I lew docks, was accidentally killed by the waggons ` q "log down the incl ned plain. t e orge Humphreys , an American sailor, was, on Friday, Qe d 100 • at f iss for endeavouring t smuggle ashore 54 bs. dly. ""aCCO and :Vbs. of cigars, o from the Swatara, now i n in the Clarence Dock. t ti l" LATE RIBBON OUTRAGE.—On Thursday, a tti.7 named Connor was committed by Mr. Rushton for 4"i, , char ge d w i t h t h row i ng a b r i c kb a t a t I nspec t or B i bby, "nlg the disturbances on Sunday week. h e ( he Liverpool subscriptions, for the thousands rendered 4 1 sel ess by the late fire at Quebec, amounted, on Satur- It s ' t ° 066. The largest donation during the past week p e -- given by the British and North American steam (l)(et company, who contributed £lOO. atr,,, n ,. Sunday, two sermons were preached at Hotham-, hi" Chapel, belonging to the Methodist new connexion, he a r Moth named Mills, who is only in his thirteenth it at ,and who lives at Altrincham. The sermons are by a contemporary to have given great satisfaction. t o "n Saturd a y ' a man named James Lea was committed :le al trial by Mr. Rushton. on a charge of having embez i4l:diveri small sums of money, which he had received e,aPacity of clerk of the weighing machine at Saint "'ea 8 market. Oss ti,7 s inus ACCIDENT.—On Saturday week, Samuel Its '' e a, aged thirty, was knocked down by one of the she horses of the W a vertree omnibus, and one of the ttal a lto Passed over his bod. The unfortunate man was the Infirmary, where he died on Tuesday. TR , LIVERPOOL BANKS .— The following are the half ti"rp divid en d s as just declared by the several Liverpool C l3 : ' 8 I—The Borough Bank, 4 per cent. ; the Banking 21 4 ,1 a nY 3per cent. ; the North and South Wales Bank, beerrr eent. ; the Bank of Liverpool, 5 per cent.; and the • °lt Bank, 4 per cent. of Hs i. .John Holt Stanway, one of the four official assignees V" Manchester Court of Bankruptcy, has absconded. s s - n w sa trustee of the late Scarr, and a deficit in his 4 e ants of £6,000 has caused him to leave the country. tiZ'efalcation is apprehended in connection with his offi saligneeship. OV. )/813 N'S STATUE OF HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.— L° vsnsrrian, Mr. Gibson, the sculptor, has, at length, spleted, at Rome, the portrait statue of Queen Victoria, sty li is to he placed Buckingham Palace. The Roman of ' t e have been admitte to view it, and the best judges art declare it to be Mr. d Gibson's chef d'ouvre. 5, 1 4- TITION TO REFRACTORY SAILORS.—On Saturday, Its;,• a leo were brought before Mr. Rnshton on a charge of t e lig refused to do their duty as seamen on board the titjashireinan Capta'n Bache, after having signed ship's e s i e ao re sto go the voyage to Quebec. The prisoners were wit h e to the House of Correction for thirty days t hard labour. hea 4u TioN TO HOUSEKEEPERS.—On Saturday last the t e rs k e of M rs . H ase ld en , W es t S eacom b e -t errace , Sea aliZu,,e. was burglariously entered at midday, during the piti,:ce of the family at market. The rogues took out a tee of glass from the fro n t kitchen window, an d th en thecnnelished their purpose by forcing every lock in all hea e do ora, drawers, cupboards, &c., turning over the Clot' and strewing about the rooms every article of ta 4 ea, linen, &c., in expectation, no doubt, of finding a hsi,derable booty in money, but in this they were dis -43,?,1Yed, and decamped, taking with them only a small li s , i l i "ts of plate, which was in the daily use of the . it l i d% Information has been given to the police, and it 'Ped the depredators will soon be apprehended. the l it REPEAL ASSOCIATION.—Mr. O'Connell attended hatileekly meeting of this body on Monday week. He tos el ed ,in £l4 from Liverpool, and expressed his tnanks to the repeaters of this town for having li seri ed to pay hi m a comp li men t on hi s re t urn f rom par dident, of which he had not availed himself, because be 14,iittl° know the handwriting of the letter co n veyi n g the ho e „,," lo n, and he never attended to such l e tters. H e po o l , he said would reach the repeaters of Liver. ke e l ) ;bow them Ciat he meant not the least disparage "' or any slight whatever. He handed in from Thtrilehester £l6 Os. 3d., and sundry other contributions. „ya„4lllount of the week's rent, which included £2O from ‘4.3" d e ? 7, New South Wales, was declared to be £407 etiAd.rar, ACCIDENT. —On Friday afternoon, John is e 4 i . ° X, a lab our i ng man , age d 41, was accompany i ng a , ° , , toti„,' w ho was taking a load of coals fro m th e t own t o h e '• As th e y were go i ng a l ong G rea t H owar d- street , th e larter finding that the load was rather too heavy on hil,, o fse's bk, asked the deceased to mind the horse, "e threw ac some of the coal behind. The cart, du in sece.Peration, overtook another—a water-cart ; an d theg to 4 s ed spoke to the horse, with a view to cause it to 0 . - , e ar of the other • but the wheel of the coal cart ao,;-it that of the water' cart, and deceased being thrown Stl 4 ,:, t he wheel of the former passed over his right leg ~ :",e• He was taken to the Northern Hospital, and ;N a l ; , ; ° ,l od that he had sustained a compound fracture 'eg, and other injuries, of which he died the same 4 Z er wl r ' o GloAt,GAttnENs.—The spirited management un -2,pren:lnh these gar d ens are con d uc t e d seems t o b e d u l y D e attill'i'lae to t ed, as shewn by the increasing pat ronage th e y h u receive. The long continuance of soft wea atit given a beautiful and healthy reenness to ever ti i s h the choice exotics and other horticultural spe y s are blooming in every direction— Flowers of the fairest rainbow dyes, Lofty and graceful trees "de ed avin g their green honours to the skies, Give fragrance to the breeze a„_ "At 4s„ richness these gardens d ,uite unlike Zeal' —4911 y shown so near the he ar t o f a town like Liver t-titrbs s ' band enlivens the scene with a variety of 4 .- qa r Bohemian Girl to Sweeny's tittct airs, from s ,nty. The eruption of Mount Hecla is always well ZatZeu, and we are glad to find that arrangements are in trse of completion for the usual grand galas . of the ic will, hwe think, in point of attraction and " u tY, surpass any hitherto presented. t r. i t i'k e , 4 Ps. &C.—There . are three . distributors . of stamps in S i4 triOntY. each having a district with . various sub- Aat 'h 4tu ra We find by a recent parliamentary return l I, 4 rt '- ' th e Year ended the sth January last, Mr. Shutt e ''rtqlle'rdtstributor for this district, (which includes Man -4:,tonart.Ll the sub-distributors' districts of St o ckp or t, Bolton, Ashton-under-Lyne, Bury, Oldham, t t th e L e, Poult on: T o d mor d en , an d G arstang, ) rem i tte d W°tPsd"isetael. office in London £144,849. .Mr. S. Stani ributor for the Liverpool district, (whiph Wigan, " l e sub distributors' districts of Blackburn. 1. - ` l 4 . l: ) ,F t °n : . - Prescot, Ormskirk. Burnley, St. Helen's, 1,",th,3, Clitherne, HasPngden, Accrington, ~attd Liverpool.) remitted to the head office, in the t~ h Xl57 117 • and Mr. B. P. Gregson. dis- N ll t it E Z ' ' for th e Lancaster district, remitted .£13,745 for aar e Period. The total amount remitted from this 05 7 , , r stamps; &c., during the year 1844, was P' ;' 9 16 s 10 The total amount remitted from York- No l t 4 the sale year, was £201,205 ls. 7d. The total 44, wraernitred from England and 'A ales, in the year , t 1 9 1 2 6s £1 1d .7 , 11,506. The total from Scotland, was . . APP ROACHING PARISIAN TRIP.—If anything toll ( . .. 'nt ed to show the immense benefits which rail t.ttriutlfer upon the public at large, the present an of!'erpolent of Mr. Crisp to take e theinhabitants of ',a() h o l and its vicinities, to Paris, in the oft . space . 4) 41 4 - Tut's. is indeed one of the . most extraordinary , "11 iluent too of this rapid transit, the terms are so er a ,_ lii;' l ll,p,, e, that we have no doubt a great number of our trill: or Ple will embrace. this highly favo . u t ra . b w le . oeprepotrhteuy hog ''l,iting the beautiful French cam al, h hilDitaireeived by the Paris'ans with those h feelin s of 4 tN. T ; r and politeness which has ever car t ac e te g m riz o e r d e t 7 ,hat makes this excursion so much h It t ' e es 18 the judicious selection of the time which em tette.tteli e ," Th ree g l or i ous d ays, " so interesting to the oVrnich are set apart by them for carnivals and trip e Nlti,„ scale of grandeur which .. Englishmen . have no is te eti g sl or, indeed the Parisian capital will be one bt ..4 "ene of splendour and gaiety, this of itself will 11 111 4° of e B .Peculating Anglican for the trouble and ex h,".S fr, witnessing it. We therefore consider it super he'r 11 8 to express the hope that a large number will t ° lts ul'elves of this opportunity, as we feel assured 4 41 wh o has any desire to see the camt . al of ancien q l4 . izt allow this favourable opportunity to escape t ho At t. tt ble"T CAPTURE.—On Saturday three well-dressed_ 4111,wesborlied fellows named Ashton, Owens, and Good litob4real::,e co mmitted for' trial by Mr. Rushton, on a charge :tiii 4 eto,,',., n g into the house of William O'Donovan, ware ,4,oo,4;:'of 13. Westmoreland-place, and stealing two . tti;: -‘ei g n S• The wife of the prosecutor had been in -I,t to at her house was likely to be robbed, and on i k titr . ( Vet H e market on that (Saturday) morning, about aR to t ,:rk she locked in the house Inspector M'Dona . ld Sh sab les Billinge and Kissack, and her brother-in ; IA ro b e returned in about three quarters of an hour I tt t i ArlT l „ the ririsoners Ashton and Owens in custody Qr th e The third prisoner (Goodman) had followed Z i t t iti h e ma rket, and on her return ran in the direction N,'Ltttif,„inreland-place no doubt to give the Itlarm kta'erates. Prior to going out she had given two h tlDere "41f sovereign s to Inspector M'Donald, by whom inPlaced drawer,' which he locked and gave 0 4 : - ` 4e h ic " B • B the evidence of the officers it Ktahtd-at SU pe y rintendelit M`Donald. Inspector I%..is hid ', J ames Billinge, a clerk in the watch-office, ‘ti,t kryternselves in the house. About ten minutes ' , te l( • °'Dnnovan left the house they heard a double t sot the front door, and subsequently the door open by \,, t 'r l " in the lo ' bby. The prisoner Ashton was ,%tiktfoh-eDnria'd icklock and three skeleton keys ()11 the ' tio a or p , and the two marked half sove th, t.hos,Po-session. Owens was taken by constable . e opposite "a watched the proceedings from a window side of the street. A new company has lately been formed in this town, and the whole of the capital subscribed, for the purpose of building a steam-vessel fd sail between this port and New York. The steamer will be made of iron, of rather smaller dimensions than the Great Britain, and will be propelled by means of the screw. THE ATTACK ON THE ORANGEMEN.—The Cork Con stitution, in commenting upon the admission of the Albion, that the recent outrage in this town was attributable to the opponents of Orangemen, says, " Had the Orangemen been in fault, care would have been taken to mention it ; but in fault they were not. The outrage is attributable exclusively to the intolerance of the Irish Romanists. Wherever they go, these unfortunate people carry with them the spirit in which they are nurtured at home. The sight of a ribbon inflames their fanaticism, and they would rather imbrue their hands in blood than suffer a Protest ant to enjoy the liberty of the laws under which he lives. Mr. O'Connell and his co-conspirators and co-deceivers may boast of the love they bear us, but there is an in grained enmity in the nature of a radicalised Romanist which, while he remains a Romanist, nothing can root out. An Orangeman cannot return quietly and inoffen sively from committing the body of a brother to the tomb without running the risk of having his life taken by a horde of ruffians untutored in anything but hate of " heretics ;" yet grown men affect surprise that " heretics" will not trust them ! The day on which the attack occurred was the one usually selected for O'Connellite " demonstra tions." THE NEW CHURCH AT WEST DERBY.—On Friday. at the picturesque village of West Derby, was performed the interesting ceremony of laying the foundation of a new church, about to be erected at the sole cost of Mrs. Thorn ton, of the Elms, for the Rev. Andrew M'Conkey. The clergy and gentry of the neighbourhood assembled at the West Derby Chapel, and went in procession to the in tended site of the new edifice, which is situated in a field outside the village. Among those present were—Mrs. Thornton, Mr. Alderman Freme, Mr. Saunders, Mr. Derbyshire, Mr. Greene, the Rev. A. M'Conkey, and several other clergymen. The proceedings were com menced by the children of the West Derby Chapel Sun day School, who sang the hundredth psalm. An appro priate prayer was then offered by the Rev. A. M'Conkey. Mr. Alderman Freme, in a complimentary address, then presented, on behalf of the inhabitants of "West Derby, a silver trowel to Mrs. Thornton, who went through the usual formalities, and Mr. Welsh, the architect, having stated what was deposited in the upper stone, namely, a paper of the day and coins of the realm, the upper stone descended to its place, amid the hearty applause of all present. Mr. M•Conkey then addressed.the assembly at some length, in which, while he rendered all praise to Almighty God for his blessing, he highly commended the Christian liberality of those who were thus erecting a temple to His worship. The ceremony was conducted by several appropriate prayers, and Mr. M'Conkey having pronounced the benediction, the meeting separated. '1 he church will be called St. James's. SHIPS PROPELLED BY THE SCREW.—Whilst so much attention is being drawn to the subject of screws as a substitute for paddle wheels by the arrival of the Great Britain from Bristol, it may not be uninteresting to learn that Liverpool is not behind other orts in pro moting objects of a similar nature. Four iron vessels, of various dimensions, with screw propellers, are now building under the directions of Mr. Grantham, con sulting engineer. These vessels vary from about 300 to 1000 tons, with engines of from 50 to 150 horse power. They will be fully rigged, and ate all intended for the highest rate of sailing. On account of the greatly in creased capacity for stowage in iron ships, the amount of cargo, independent of the space for the engines and coals, will be equal to that carried by timber built vessels of the same external dimensions. The propellers in the cases here r:ferred to are to be worked on a different principle to those hitherto constructed—the engines will be connected direct to the propelled shaft, causing the engine and screw to make an equal number of revolutions; by these means all spur wheels or bands are avoided, the machinery is much simplified, and kept nearer to the bottom of the vessel, an ohject of great importance in sailing vessels. Mr. Gran tham obtained a patent, about three years ago, for this mode of working the screw-propeller, at which time he applied it to a small vessel, which many of our readers will recollect having seen skimming with great velocity about the river. Mr. Peter Cato, and Messrs. James Hodgson and Co. have contracted for the vessels, some of whom are in frame, and Messes. Fawcett, Preston, and Co. and Messrs. Bury, Curtis, and Kennedy, have con tracted for the engines. RURAL AFFATRS. — The hay harvest has become gene ral in some parts of the Fylde, and, towards the close of last week, some hay was secured in tolerably good condi tion ; but the weather, this week, having been showery and unsettled, the operations of hay-making are retarded. Still, no great quantity has been materially injured, as yet ; how it may be, cannot be foretold, the weather is so unpropitious. The rain is now (Thursday) pouring down very copiously, with the wind W.S.W. The crops are very abundant in the straw ; but owing to the generally unfa vourable state of the weather, shoot slowly ; much of it is now in blossom. Some of it was in blossom at the time of the storm, on the Ist inst., which must have ma terially injured it ; that which was later in blossom. will, reckoning upon the absence of similar unfavourable wea ther, not suffer so much. The harvest is, however, likely to he rather late, consequently, the grain will not be so well fed, nor the quantity so large, as would have been the case had the harvest been early. Oats, in general, will be a good crop, and are now shooting. Of Beans there will be plenty of straw ; they have been some time in blossom, and the lower blossoms are considerably more than an average height up the stern. This crop suffered conside rably from the storm, many blossoms having blown off. Potatoes, especially in exposed situations, after the storm, had not only the appearance of having been frost bitten, but their growth was for some time checked ; they have now began to recover a little. Turnips, in some places have brairded, and are now growing well ; but in others they have been greatly attacked by the fly. Of fruit, for which there was a great show in blossoms, there will not be near so great a quantity as was expected.—Preston Chronicle. SELECT VESTRY, TUESDAY.—The Finance Committee recommended the appointment of Mr. Robert MTlel land as an additional relieving officer, at a salary of £lO5 per annum, he finding sureties in a bond for £2OO. After a few observations from Mr. Ehrle, the recommen dation was adopted. Mr. Walker's abstracts of the half yearly accounts were ordered to be published for the in. formation of the parishioners. Several letters were read from the Poor Law Commissioners, one of which ap proved of the appointment of Mr. Edward Parker as sur geon to the Industrial School. The committee of the alth of Towns' Association forwarded resolutions pas sed by that body reiative to a better supply of water for the borough. A conversation took place on this latter subject, in the course of a bich Rector Brooks stated that it was a question with him whether the poor would in the end be benefitted by a free supply of water, as the land lords would increase their rents in consequence. Mr. Hart was directed to say in reply, that the vestry could not expend their money in the manner suggested. Mr. Wheelhouse then submitted a motion which would have the effect, if adopted, of allowing Roman Catholic priests to have congregational worship in the Workhouse and to offer up the ma-s. Mr. Bremner, in a very argumenta tive and able address, moved as an amendment, a direct ne gative to the proposition. Upon a division the amend ment was carried by a majority of 16 to 8. The fdlowing is a list of the division. For the Amendment. —The Chairman, Rector Brooks, and Messrs. Riding, Hough ton, Henderson , Bennett, Bremner, Green, Groom, Mt-l lor, Mayer, Hand, Maynard, Muncaster, Swainson, and Scholfield. For the Resolution.—Messrs. Urquhart, Thornely, Earle, Stitt, Wheelhouse, Taylor, Bright, and Avison. Docx COMMITTEE, THURSDAY.—It will be recol lected that some time since a reference was made to the Harbour-masters' Sub-committee to inquire and report as to the propriety of appointing an additional out-door officer to superintend the general working of the docks. They stated that they had had an interview with a depu tation from the Shipowners' Association, and that from the representations made to them, they had no doubt but great inconvenience was experienced by shipowners, from the divided authority which at present existed. They thought there were many details connected with the working of the docks which appeared to render the ap pointment of an additional out-door officer desirable. They recommend the appointment of a person possessed of energy of mind, and acquainted with the dock laws and regulations, to take the chief superintendence of the whole of the out-door work, and tai see that each man dis charged his duty in a proper manner, and that a liberal salary ought to be given to him. Mr. Bold moved the adoption of the report, which was carried by a majority of 9 to 6. Messrs. Tobin, Wood, HorsfAl, Ripley, Evans, and Aikin voted in the minority ; Messrs. Houghton, Henderson, Mann, Royden, Bold, Kendal, Chilton, Sandbach, and the chairman, in the majority. The complaint made against Mr. Askew last week was taken into consideration, and it was resolved that it did not appear to the committee that the disappointment of the Euphrates was caused by any improper conduct on the part of Mr. A skew. An application, similar to that made to the Highway Board, was ordered to be made to the Council, for permission to lay down rails along the line of the docks.—James Hodgson and Co., applied for an addition to the land at present occupied by them, in consequence of having accepted contracts to build an iron New York liner, upwards of 1000 tons burthen, and other steamers. Referred to the Sub-committee of Works, as was also a letter from the officers of customs.—An appli cation from Cram, Smitb, and Co., as to a permanent berth for Bristol and Newport traders, was referred to the Harbour-masters' Sub-committee. MR. GRUNDY ' S REPOSITORY.—We noticed last week one or two of the more prominent attractions at this in teresting suite of rooms. Amongst other novelties at the same repository, we were much struck on our recent visit by a splendid print of "The Highlander's Return to his Home," engraved in the finest line manner by W. Finden, from the celebrated picture by Sir David Wilkie, —a. delightful domestic subject. The mother gracefully bending in affectionate welcome over her stalwart lord and husband ; the infant on his knee, anxious " the envied kiss to share" ; the two dogs in the foreground, fatigued from their mountain chase; and, indeed, all the accessories of the scene, are introduced with the skill, admirable management, and keeping, which so strongly characterize the works of that celebrated painter. We also noticed a charming specimen of the burin called "The Tethered Ram," from the admired picture by Landseer, exquisitely executed by Bernet, in the line and mezzotint styles combined. The woolly softness of the sheip : the bold delineation of the uneven foreground, in the ,line manner, and the lake and mountain scenery far behind, delicately wrought out in mezzotint, as in nature, slumbering in the haze of distance, impart admirable texture, vigour, and contrast to the picture. In the middle distance a pair of lovers are introduced, leaning on a heath-clad batik, which one might suppose to be Ttik Liirkfti - iOOL STANDARD Robert Burns and his " Highland Mary."—Another large engraving of great spirit and drollery also arrested our attention,—a fox gazing cunningly at a steel trap under which is laid a rabbit as a decoy. Reynard has however discovered the trick and is passing warily on, giving title to the piece " Not caught yet"—" Up to Trap," Tbis is from a picture by Edwin Landseer, and was engraved by his brother Thomas.—Lastly, we lingered to inspect a collection of splendid water-colour drawings, including choice and highly valuable specimens of the celebrated masters, but which we have not space to par ticularize. We must not however omit to notice a most capital Daguerreotype portrait of the Duke of Welling ton, just completed from a Daguerrotype likeness which his grace sat for on his last birth-day. Nothing can ex ceed the perfect resemblance which is here given, it is unquestionably the very best of the numerous portraits which have appeared of his Grace,—and we are glad to perceive that its merits are properly appreciated, as we understand the Proofs are already much enhanced in value. THE NEW MARKET, BIRKENHEAD. This large and commodious building was opened on Saturday for regular traffic, and, in architectural neatness throughout, and in interior lightness, elegance, and adap tation for the purposes for which it was designed, sur passes everything of the kind we have yet seen. The walls are of substantial brickwork, (executed by Messrs. J. and W. Walker,) relieved by projections forming com partments without and within, and also by two rows of large semi-circular windows all round. The whole is surrounded by a handsome iron railing some feet from the walls, and inclosing an excavation between. The interior, or area inclosed, is 430 feet long, by 131 feet broad,—being not much short of that of our St. John's Market, which is 555 feet by 135 exteriorly. There are ridges to the roof, with triangular pediments at the ends; and down the entire apex of each ridge, or span, (which is elevated in open work for ventilation,) there is a continuous skylight, glazed with good material; so that, with the side windows, and six large arched en trances, the interior is as light as day. The roof-framing is entirely composed of wrought-iron flat bars, the whole steadied and secured (by rods, &c.) on the tension prin ciple. This, in lieu of carpentry, has a much more light and elegant appearance, resembling network. The roof ing is also of iron, lined with boards mouldrd at the joints and smoothly painted; so that the accumulation of dust, and its continual falling, as in rough, massive, open roofs of timber, is almost wholly obviated. The whole of this covt-ring is supported by (in addition to the walls) four rows of handsome, light cast-iron columns, in ali 46 in number, and 25 feet in height. The floor of the market, which is well flagged, is supported over the vaults below by 115 cast-iron columns. There are 44 shops, all ranged at the sides only, and each having an interior communication with a vault be neath it. There is also a large vault or cellar for general purposes, 430 feet in length by 106 in width. The shops are thus appropriated ;-22 for butchers, 8 for fish mongers, 6 for the sale of poultry and game, and 8 for salted and other provisions, cheese, &c. The fronts of the shops are of iron ; the top work, over the doors and sale tables perforated fOr ventilation. The roofs are - of waved sheet iron forming a segment or gentle arch. They are all, in keeping with the interior of the walls, painted in a light stone colour. There is a bar of polished iron with moveable hooks across the front opening of each, for the exhibition of articles requiring hanging up, and another bar in the interior forming a semi-circle for the same purpose. The interior walls are lined below the wall-hooks with white porcelain or square Dutch tiles which have a cool and pleasing appearance, and may be easily kept perfectly clean. There are three wide avenues from end to end of the market, and along their sides one row of horticultural stands, one row of what are called country people's tables, for agricultural and dairy produce, and one row of sham bles. There are three rows of gas lamps, 92 in all, the glass of an inverted bell shape, surmounting handsome fluted iron columns of about 81 feet high. The cross bar at the top, forming a cross, is lettered in the metal " Birken head Market." These lamps are ornamental during the day, and when lighted, brilliantly illuminate the interior, and are all visible at once. The buildin g is fire-proot throughout, and was constructed at a cost of £23,000, by Messrs. Fox, Henderson, and Co., of Birmingham. There are two handsome fountains in the middle avenue, opposite the side entrances. The whole of the shops are already taken, but on this first occasion a few of them were yet unfurnished. The supply of butchers' meat, fowls, and provisions of the more substantial kind was good, and the encouragement given to many of the venders was such that th-y had to send for fresh stock throughout the day. THE SEA NYMPH, IRON STEAM-SHIP 'We had an opportunity, a few days ago, of visiting, for the first time, this fine new vessel, the property of the North-west of Ireland Union Steam-ship Company. She has now fairly taken her place on the line between this port and Londonderry ; and, we venture to say, whether as regards her proved capacities as a sea-boat, or her ac commodations for passengers, will be found to be a great accession to the previous conveyances for voyagers to that interesting northern part of the sister island. The Sea Nymph is a remarkably finely modelled ship, somewhat resembling the celebrated Sea King in her lines, and, like her, having a peculiarly fine wedgy entrance and a clear run, with but little rise of floor. In her great length and sleek appearance she is quite unique, and has all the appearance of a regular " clipper," which she in reality is, having already accomplished the voyage (her last) from Londonderry to Liverpool, a distance of 240 miles, in ISt hours, including stoppages of, in all, about half an hour. Her figure bead is a statue of a sea nymph, in white, and, below, there is a triton on each side, as supporters. Over these last, on the trail board, there is a gilded shaft on which is festooned a blue sash, or broad ribband, with the name of the vessel—a very tasteful, chaste, and novel piece of decoration. These are all touched with gold. The stern and quarter gallery carving is in unison, with sea nymphs and other nautical figures and emblems, in bronze, arid also touched with gold. The following are the dimensions of the vessel _ Length of keel and fore rake .... Breadth, or beam .. .• .. Breadth, including paddle-houses Depth of hold Tonnage, builders' measurement Tonnage, registered Feet. Inches 180 0 28 0 48 0 16 6 Engines She is clinker-butt to 7 feet mark, carrel-built aloft, and "extra" strong throughout, her garbord streak being *ths of an inch thick, and bottom and bilges iths, dimi nishing to inch—reduced, of course, fore and aft, in the usual proportions. She was built (as were the engines) by Messrs. Caird and Co., of Greenock. The weight of iron in her bull is about 300 tons; and the weight of the machinery, water, and boilers, together with her usual complement of coals, is'equal to about 300 tons more. She is of the same materials up to the gunnel, fore and aft, including the stern frame and the stancheons and bulwarks on the main deck. The engines are propelled by two malleable iron side levers- 7 a modern and approved plan. The diameter of each cylinder is 68 incbes,and the stroke the same, 5 feet 8 inches. The levers are the heaviest of the kind that have yet been made; and it may be stated generally, that the whole of the machinery is of the best construction and finish. There are four iron kelsons, of 22 inches by 18, running fore and aft, and rivetted to the floor. The boi lers are on the tubular principle, with the tubes of brass, and by these the steam is rapidly and continuously gene rated. There is also a small engine for feeding the boilers. The accommodations, both above and below, are of the first order for a vessel of the size. The main cabin is an elegant cheerful apartment, fitted up in the old English style, and forming a semi-circle in the sofa seats, at the stern end, which is wider than the part forward, where state rooms are taken off at each side after the plan of most of the Glasgow boats. The t tions are neat, and rich, without being gaudy. The sides are relieved by pilasters, with foliated gilt capitals in alto, and panelling between, the whole finished with gilded cornicing. The ground-work is veneered oak, and in the centre of each of the panels, in the body of the room, are oil paintings on shields, enclosed within gilded frames of scroll-work, also boldly raised on a crimson ground. These paintings are in lively colours, and convey classical ecora- representations of the empire of Neptune and liis retinue of sea-nymphs, tritons, &c., careering over the waves on the backs of dolphins, sea-horses, and the like ; the ocean in its several aspects from storms to calms, the deities (not excepting Cupid) and nymphs of the deep and the shore are well represented. The immediate and the dis tant land in these several views is finely depicted. The fine paintings in oil, forming the panels ; and these are eight views of picturesque scenery in Ireland. The state rooms, or dormitories on each side,—one for gentlemen, and the other for ladies—are roomy and elegantly fitted up to accommodate in all 24 persons, with berths or sofa beds. The painting and decorations of these are all that can be desired, and the ventilation has been especially attended to. There is a commodious ladies' cabin, lighted by a large circular deck light, and two side windows, and finished in an elegant and delicate Grecian style of panelling, with wide sofas and bed places for 10 individuals. Oppo site this, on the other side of the ship, we observed a com modious family-cabin, replete with every convenience, and most cheerfully lighted. The subsidiary apartments—the steward's pantry. &c., —are well planned and convenient, and the vessel may take her place amongst those produced by modern enter. prise that, though not built here do honour to our port. She is c)mmanded by Captain Forest, of whom we shall not say more, and cannot say less than that he is an active and experienced seaman, and as agreeable and intelligent companion. VARIETIES. NEW ORLEANS FASHIONS FOR JULY.—A blow-away hat, a cut-away coat, a running pattern waistcoat, elastic pontaloons, and spring-heeled pumps. REASONABLY MAD !—The authorities of the town of Greenwich have issued a proclamation to the local police to destroy all wandering dogs who may be "suspected of being reasonably mad." It is stated, that the horse Change for a Sovereign re ceived his name because nothing goes faster than such change, arid Lord William Lennox mentions a horse named Salt Fish, because nothing could beat it on a fast day. HORRIBLEIIDEA.—The Spectator says, Mrs. Caudle's eloquence can only be appreciated, out of the pages of Punch, when listened to by a sleepy spouse at the dead of night, in a hushed chamber. In this, as in all other thines, the Spectator seems to speak from the fulness of perfect knowledge. Etteraturr. -1.----- N OTICES. Popular Lectures on the Werences existing between the Church of England and the Church of Rome. By the Rev. Edward Thompson, M.A. London : Hat chard and Son, Piccadilly. This is a very seasonable volume. We have of late been so much impelled by circumstances to regard Rome as she is politically, that we seem almost to have forgot ten her religious character, and that she bears impressed upon her the marks of error dangerous to man and revolt ing to God. So many sincere Protestants have consorted with her followers on platforms and hustings, and sympa thised with them in political opinions, until they have in sensibly imbibed the feeling, or at least act as if they had, that the differences are not wide—not material—which se parate her from the truth. Mr. Thompson's lectures are well calculated to bring back such Protestants to a know ledge of their true position and the dangerous character of the enemy with whom they are coquetting. They are written in an excellent spirit, without any undue asperity of tone, yet firmly and fairly stating the differences be tween the two churches ; and we should rejoice to see them attain an extensive circulation. As a specimen of the author's style we quote the fol lowing remarks upon the all-sufficiency of Scripture for our direction here and salvation hereafter : " If there were no rules in Scripture to be found that were capable of guiding men in their relative and moral conditions of life—if the parent was not shown the duty of loving his child, and the mode of instruction by which he should be brought up—if the son were not taught obe dience to the father, and the husband and wife faithful ness and loving-kindness to each other—if brothers and sisters were not exhorted to unity, and peace, and affec tion, and every man to love his neighbour as himself ; and oh ! if there were not full disclosures of heavenly be• nignity exercised, and abundantly diffused through every mercy over the universal mass of human beings who in habit our earth—if there were not a way opened to heaven, and a light set up in the world, equally visible and glorious to the far-off and the near—if there were not a full manifestation of the Divine scheme of re demption, and an assurance of an ample supply of means, emanating from the bounty of God's grace, and consola tion for every distress fitted for the mind, and hopes full of realities, and encouragements full of promises, and just so much of the description of New Jerusalem, and of the eternal blessings, as the finite mind can conceive, and the veiled eye can recognize ; oh ! if there were not these things to be found in revelation, and much more in every respect, equal for the mind to receive in its most exalted and spiritual condition, then might we look elsowhere than in the oracles of God for the way in which we are to work out our own salvation. Thus then may we conclude, just as we profess to serve the living God of heaven, in our public worship, and in our private devotion, and in our ordinary actions; so are we bound to accept the Scriptures as necessary to guide our endeavours to secure eternal life. If we reject them, or mutilate them, or gar ble them, or add to them, we virtually reject the means of our salvation, disparage and disobey the Great Author and Promoter of our Peace, since those Scriptures testify of Him. Oh ! what if Ibe called upon to enter the cell of the condemned criminal—if I he summoned to the bed side of expiring mortality, or be consulted by the awakened sinner, am I to carry with me the oral traditions which have been in the keeping of frail men, and add them to Scripture, as if the Scripture were not sufficient to guide the unfortunate objects of my visit to hea ven. Am I to tie the dead to the lining—the cor rupting carcasses of mortality to the pure spirits of eternity ? Am Ito carry the lamp of the foolish virgins into the dark prison -house of a languishing brother, and fondly expect fire from heaven to descend for the purpose of dispelling the 'gloom before me, when I have already one lighted —one full of lustre, full of beauty and bril liancy ? Am Ito carry men into the puddles of supersti tion and invention, when I c in wash them in the pure and unadulterated fountains of living waters? Am I to gi, e them poison to quaff, when I can from the loveliest flower, extract the sweetest honey? Am Ito give them death when Icon fir them life? Or when lam draw ing near to my own grave, am I to lean upon a rotten staff, or bending reed ? or trust to human ingenuity, when I can lay hold of a rock, whose foundation is deeper than the seas, and whose existence lies beyond all date? And at that trying moment, am I to b queath to my children the dross of the world, when I can leave them the gold of heaven ? Am Ito leave them to an un certain guide, and a fallible director, to wander over the oaths of earth, when the parental teaching has ceased, and the sweet companionship is broken up, when I can enlist them in the service of a Captain, who is " the way, the truth, and the life," who " is the same yesterd,y, to-day, and for ever?" Am I to leave them the anathema when I can leave them the blessing, or substitute the cypress for the palms of the celestial spirits? Decide these questions by your own judgment, and determine the verity of that decision by God's holy infallible, and all sufficient word." THE SERIALS Ainsworth's Magazine.—Ainsworth appears this month under new editorship, at least such we judge from Mr. Ainsworth's " Revelations of London" being disconti nued, and by that gentleman having undertaken the con ducting of the N , w Monthly. We have, however, tl.e place of that striking romance supplied with the corn wencement of a novel trom the pen of G. P. R. James; and the.whole of the matter in this number is of high quality. Hood's Magazine.—Under the able management of Mr. Rowcroft, this periodical is improving, and is this month full of interesting cient i❑ poetr s, however, de Douglas Jerrold' s Shilling Illagazine maintains the high stand and the excellent tone with which it commenced. The Editor's story of " St. Giles's and St. James's" pro- greEses in interest Gallery of Nature, Part VI. London : W. S. Orr and Co.—This work, which has now reached its sixth number, promises to be one of standard excellence. It is ably written, full of interesting and instructive matter for all classes of readers, and very beautifully got up. Some of the woodcuts in this part are quite gems. IRISH CORRESPONDENCE.-Mr. Smith O'Brien wil not attend the committee of any English Railway, To state this, he has written a very long letter. This was certainly the most Hibernian method of informing the British public he wanted "to drop a few lines."—Punch. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANYBODY, SOMEBODY, Mamma," said Miss Juliana Selina AND NOBODY.- Carolina Languish, " who are these Middletons—any- "'— body ?" " Why, my dear, young Middleton joined tile books with wonder and admiration,—a real, live kab b hunt last week, and was introduced at the last ball, and roo ! It happened that on this occasion he had fallen it keeps a tiger; and you know they must be somebody." with a male of the largest species, known popularly in Yes, mamma, but I can't help thinking that they are the colony as a Boomah. The animal stood nearly six only retired, very good sort of people, no doubt ; but feet high on his haunches, and was feeding . there is something about them that makes me think that they are nobody, after all." "My dear, they must be somebody." "No, mamma; they watt to pass for some body, but as everybody knows, there is always a something which tells you directly whether anybody is anybody ; and it is not a bit of use for anybody who is nobody to pretend to be somebody." relish on the young sweet grass. As it hopped leisurely and lazily to a fresh place, Jerry had the opportunity of admiring the length and thickness of its immense tail which protruded in a straight line from behind, forming a triangle with its two legs, and affording a firm support to its body as it sat upright. Struck with the size and beauty of the creature, the enterprising Jerry was. seized THE FIRST BELLOWS.—The art of producing fire wa imperfect until a method was found out of concentrating with an irresistible dx , sire to appropriate the magnificent piece of venison to himself; and having read that the kangaroo is a timerous beast he thought he should have pipe, that was afterwards improveil by a metal tip to resist the heat. On the authority of Strabo, who quotes from an ancient historian, the invention of the bellows with a bag of air was assigned to Anacharsis. though in use among the Egyptians long before the time of the Scythian only get 'liar enough to the animal to give it a knock on the head, Had he been near enough ob,erve the grin. cipal claws on the Kangaroo's hind legs, about five inches philosopher. Its form and the method of using it are re presented in a painting executed about the time of Thoth mes, who was cotemporary with Moses. The machine consisted of two leathern bags fitted into a frame attached to a long pipe, which conducted the wind to the fire. A string attached to each bag was held by the operator in his hand, as he stood with a bag under each foot. When. by throwing his weight on one foot, he had compressed one bag, and expelled the air, he transferred his pressure as a this weapjn of defence a-d offence was unknown to him, he had no idea that there could be any danger in a Personal encounter with a kangaroo. Armed with a stout stick therefore, he advanced, slowly and cautiously, en deavouring to reach the animal from behind in order not to give it the alarm, and calculating that one smart blow on th head would stun t,,e creature so as to render it an easy prey. In this way he approached within ten yards of the boomah, when suddenly raising its head from the grass the creature turned round and sat up on its haunches, gazing on Jerry as it seemed with not less curiosity than Jerry gazed on the kangaroo, Whether it was that it mistook the adventurous cockney for one of its own species, or that it was desirous on its own part to investi gate the new specimen in natural history which Jerry's person presented, the creature was apparently desirous to make acquaintance with the strange animal, and making a little hop it alighted close to Jerry. Astonished at this unexpected familiarity, acid catching sight of the middle claws of his hind legs as the kangaroo made his fraternal approach, Jerry made a corresponding hop backwards. Confirmed in his opinion of relationship by the dexterity with which Jerry executed thiS movement, the boomah wegged his great tail and m de another advance, which• was met with a similar movement backwards on the part of Jerry, and in this way they pertormed a circle round the green sward much to the anansement, it is presumed, of the kangaroo, but by no means satisfactory to Jerry. For from being gratified will the performance of rho. Kangaroo Polka, on the contrary he was very angry to find himself chasse - -d is so peremptory a mariner. Watch ing his opportunity therefore, he raised his stick and dealt his partner a blow on the head which made the kan- Ramo shake it with visible dissatisfaction ; but incensed it seemed to.nreet with so ungracious a return for his acts of courtesy, the huge boomah made a bound to Jerry, and embracing him wi h his tore paws was about to apply his terrible claw in the way in which those animals rip up in a moment the strongest dogs, when Jerry set up so fearful a cry, that the creature, after making a few hops with him in his paws, let him go with affright ; arid Jerry rejoiced to be released from the forniidable hug of his new friend, without looking behind him, and expecting everymotn , nt to feel the k a ng aroo ' s great t o; eat his back, rushed down the hill and tua , bled over head arid heels to the bottom. Opening his mouth to give vent to a great breath, and his eves to look about him, lie suddenly found the'barrel of a horse-pistol thrust into the former, and with the latter he helreld, to his horror and amaze ment, the features of the bushranger, who, not less sur prised to behold the man wt,o had been tossed overboard. but more practised in concealing his emotions, intimated to Mr. Sillitnan in a calm, distirict voice, whose toner were suitable to the politest and most agreeable an nouncenient—` " If %oil move or 'rake the leastnoise blow your brains out I"—Hood's Magazine. to the other foot, and pulling the string attached to the flattened bag, he raised it, and permitted it to be again distended with air. After his weight had pressed down and exhausted the second bag, he then again threw his weight on the first bag, and drawing the siring of the se cond flattered skin upwards, he allowed the air to enter it Ilso. And thus, pressing on and drawing up each skin 'ornately, he forced a continuous blast of . air through the pipe into the fire. One instance was obsvrved, of the wind-bags being raised up as if lull of air atter the man had left the bellows, which would imply, as suggested by the truly ingenious antiquary, a" knowledge of tie valve" among the Egyptians."—Bernan's Art of 'Warming and Ventilating. SINGULAR MAGNETIC ATTRACTION OF MUD IN AMERICAN LAKES.—The smaller lakes of America, whose wild and solitary shores attract the tourist, have some singular physical peculiarities. One of the early explorers 'of its northern regions, Sir Alexander Mack enzie, was the first to notice the attractive power of the mud at the bottom, which is sometimes so great, that boats can with difficulty proceed along the surface. This extraordinary fact is thus stated :—" At the portage or carrying place of Martres, on Rose Lake, the water is only three or four feet deep, and the bottom is .muddy. I have often plunged into it a pole twelve feet long, with as much ease as if I merely plunged it into the water. Nevertheless. this mud has a sort of magical effect upon the boats, which is such that the paddles can with d,ffi culty urge them on. This effect is not perceptibl e on t h e south side of the lake, where the water is deep, but is more and more sensible as you approach the opposite shore. I have been assured that loaded boats have often been in danger of sinking, and could only be extricated by being towed by lighter boats. Alrfor myself, I have never been in danger of foundering, but 1 have several times had great difficulty in passing this spot with six stout rowers, whose utmost efforts could scarcely over come the attraction of the mud. A similar phenomenon is observed on the Lake Saginaga, whose bottom attracts the boats with such force that it is only with the greatest difficulty that a loaded boat can be made. to advance: fortunately the spot is only about four hundred yards over." 'I his statement has received confirmation from the experience of Captain Back, during the recent arctic land expeditions. A part of Lake Huron. likewise, in the same district. appears to be the centre of a remarka ble electrical attraction. There is a bay in the lake, over which the atmosphere is con.tantly highly charged with electricity, and it has been affirmed that no person has ever traversed it without hearing peals of thunder.—The Gallery of Nature. ORIGIN OF THE TERM " JOORNETMA , . "— There is general law ur co*tom in Germany. alit apprentic's.af er the expiration of their service, travel two years I a fore prot.ecating their trade as meter workmen. Het ce the etymology of the word journeyman. LISTON'S FIRST 11 IT.—I once saw Liston, and he even made an impression which I never forgot. No wonder, for in his own way Liston exhibits as decided a character as even John Kemble himself. He seened to me a living sarcasm, an impersonified frail , and satire upon the then existing state of popular taste in England; and I don't know that it has been much improved since. Grave, gloomy, and thoughtful by nature, he would, for aught I know, have even com posed tragedies, and perhaps deep metaphysical essays or sermons ! That his innate character most decidedly in clined to the sombre, the cast of his features, perpetuated by the sculptor, sufficiently indicates. But this was their expression in a state of rest. When that wide mouth moved, and the nostrils dilated, and the eyes stared, there was an effect so extremely ludicrous that his fate thereby became decided. All the combined force of a Dante, a Shakspeare, or a Milton, if he could have pos sessed it, would not have enabled Liston with that visage to maintain the ground at which he originally al tragic actor. And yet, a skilful artist might surely have painted, bearded, and wigged the head and features so as to pass muster for certain grave and solemn characters. But the public had once caught the hint, and were not afterwards to be misled or di iven out of their way. They had roared with laughter at his Richard or Othello, till, with that nairetee which always belongs to genius, after making one of his best hits in vain, be came forward to the lamps, assumed for a moment that look of droll discomfiture and blank amazement, which afterward-3 as sisted more than aught else to establish his fame. The audience did not merely laugh then ; they roared with applause. Seriously, this was a hit ; 'twas something new ; they had never in their lives seen anything half so good ! The actor was a man of talent. lie had sense enough to catch the hint also; he perceived clearly what they were willing to accept of him. . 1 ‘; :;aly he were w :11- ing to give it. That which he had stncvrely ...ehed at, they would not for a moment encourage or admit ; but if he would henceforth consent to wear the fool's cap and be laughed at, they would applaud him to the echo.— Hood's Magazine. PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC.—The term " tant," as used by sound Churchmen, is employe pregnant sense which Jeremy Taylor perchance when speaking of our Church he made this stria mark, " Protestant is her name, and Catholic I: a as a I in the meant, ng re- le word name." Hence, all this fastidious horror at a _ " Protestant" is one of those affectations of a school in a pedantic caste of men who call themselves " Catholics," —which no Christian who values sobriety and discern ment should indulge. The orthodox Protestant is a sound Catholic ; and the orthodox Cathnic is a sound Protestant : the two elements in both are distinct and different, and yet not opposites or contraries. Protes tantism and Catholicism are two principles equally re quired to the perfection of an apostolical Church ; and ought to be allowed to co-operate in peaceful harmony towards one common good, and glorious consummation. By the one, man's responsible distinctness, as singly and personally the subject of electing grace and spiritual life in Christ Jesus is mainly understood : but by the other man's corporate state, or sympathetic alliance ecclesiastical " body" or " kingdom," is intem thing therefore can be more unphilosophical and tural, than to array these two principles of Pr , testantisra and Catholicity in battle against each other. Gina might as well complain of the centripetal and centrifugal forces in astronomy, without which, in combined action we know there would be no revolution of the planets round their central orb. And need we add, that in our Church there is an ample provision both f the element of Pro testantism and the element of Catholicity to ac;, in their correlative order? In our creeds, articles, litany, and sacraments, man, both in his individual respaslbiliy, and in his collective capacity, is perpetually s motive, and instructed by dccrrine. And ith an add, that the Romanising party in their rancour against a term which the noblest and most accomplished of English Churchmen have adopted,—are as ignorant of man's real constitution, as of the Church's true perfection. For look at man when under the principle of iudividt.al life alone,—and see how isolate, morbid, and ritable he becomes ! His own taste, pleasure, e,:j and aggrandisement, form the pi, of on which his e heart revolves. On the oth,r hand, .regard m absorhe.l altogether into the collective life of ttn ecclesias tical corporation,—and mink how the spirit of a manful independence wanes within him ; how soon all mental energy and moral force begin to languish ; till at l-ngth he terminates in becoming little more than a minute por tion of passive existence, in the vast mechanism cif an ec- clesiastical constitution. Thus then, whether at the nature of man or the cons . itution of th the Wended action and harmonising presence of testantism and Catholicism are al ke require perfection of either. Protestantism is not tin mere contradiction of the Pope's lie, but he a God's truth also.—Monty.nnery's Ideal of th Church. —That LORD LYNDHURST'S TACT AND JUDGMENT Lord Lyndhurst has, from time to time; made his oppo nents feel the lash of his ridicule cannot be deni it is something for his admirers to be proud The mot earcful sear( les would fail to disco inflict personal wounds Lord Lyndhurst's spPe instarr..e in which the noble lord has indu tured or unfair a lusions to his o,pa,wilts. other hand, there are multnules of in•t:in sides ache snit' at the remembrance of NOVEL MODE OF CATCHING BOOKS.—I have found on the observation of many years, that these birds arrive with us, in or about the 9th of October, and leave on the same day of March. Ido not remember where I first saw or heard of the following way of catching rooks. A few small cones of paper, such as are used by grocers for trifling articles, smeared with bird-lime in the inside, and with a small piece of flesh dropped in it by way of bait, should be thrust with the points downwards, in dung heaps, or other places frequented by rooks. The birds plunge their heads in to extract the flesh, and the cone, attaching itself by means of the bird-lime, the bird is completely " bonneted." It immediately towers upwards, in a spiral direction. till exhausted, and then drops to the earth, when it may be easily caught.—Thompson's Note Book of a Naturalist. ORIGIN OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND.—The Bank of England, which has long been the principal bank of depo sit and circulation, not in this country only, hut in Eu rope. was founded in 1694. Its principal projector was Mr. William Paterson, an enterprising Scotch gentleman. Government being at that time much distressed for want of money, partly from the defects and abuses in the sys tem of taxation, and partly from the difficulty of borrow ing, because of the supposed instability of the revolution ary establishment, the bank grew out of a loan of £1,200.000 for public service. The subscribers, besides receiving eight per cent. on the sum advanced, as interest. and £4OOO a year for the expense of management, in all £lOO,OOO a year, were incorporated into a society deno minated the Governor of the Bank of England ; the char ter is dated the 27th of July. And it was enacted in the same year in which the bank was established, by statute 6 William and Mary, c. 20, that the bank " shall not deal in any goods, wares, or merchandise (except bullion), or purchase any lands or revenues belonging to the crown, or advance or lend to their majesties, their heirs or sue-, cessors, any sum or sums of money by way of loan or anticipation, or any part or parts, branch or branches, fund or funds of the revenue, now granted or belonging, or hereafter to be granted to their majesties, their heirs and successors, other than such fund or funds, part or parts, branch or branches of the said revenue only, on which a loan is or shall he granted by parliament.—/IPCul loch's History of Political Economy. IRREGULARITY OF THE TIDAL RISE. —Various causes operate to introduce irregularity in the phenomena of the tides. The positions of the sun and moon vary with reference to each other and the equator, the moon being sometimes as much as 28° on each side of the plane of the latter. The action of the winds also, and their vary ing force, with currents in the ocean, affect the disturb ance of its level by the solar and lunar influence. But the most energetic causes of complexity in the tides, are the inequalities that mark the bed of the sea, and its geographical distribution in contact with immense masses of dry land in its basin. Shoals, peninsulas, and promon tories, offer obstructions to the flow of its waters, and vary their direction. In some narrow seas, channels, and gulfs, they are prodigiously accumulated, so that the tides rise to a far greater height than in the main ocean. Thus, on the coasts of the islands of the South Sea, the tides have only an elevation of one or two feet ; and at St. Helena, a solitary islet in the heart of the South At lantic. the rise very rarely exceeds three feet; but in the Testi Sea and English Channel the periodical flew attains a much greater height. At the mouth of the Wye the tidal rise amounts to about fifty feet ; at the mouth of the Avon, to forty-two feel; at Milford Haven, to thirty six feet ; at London and Beachy Head, to eighteen feet ; at the Needles, off the Isle of Wight, to nine feet; and at Weymouth. to seven. The consequence of these ex traordinary elevations is, that large tracts are alternately oceanic and parts of the mainland, where the shores are low. This is particularly observable along the south coast of Lincolnshire and in the Bay of Lancaster. The latter estuary becomes at low water an expanse of sand, across which there is a road, the channel of the river Lune presenting the chief obstacle to the passage dry shod. In other narrow seas, however, there is scarcely any perceptible tide at all, owing to the conditions under which they communicate with the general sweep of the deep. The distribution and configuration of the land, together with the influence of the winds, greatly involve th, problem of the tides, and render it one of the most difficult in the whole range of physics.—The Gallery of Nature. WANT OF A POOR LAW FOR SCOTLAND.—SOme pau pers have begged and prayed to be allowed imprisonment as a boon ; and the harrowing distresses, the agonies which the no•poor law inflicts upon the lower stratum of the Scotch community, are sometimes lighted up by ics of - span neroism and endurance which ought to melt the hearis—if they had them—of the philosophers. Here is one specimen :—" There are at the present time," says Mr. Frederic Hill, inspector of prisons in Scotland, in his report of 1812, " nearly forty persons in the prison of Glasgow, who - have voluntarily subjected themselves to all the rigour of itnprisonmeht (and of imprisonment on the separate system), in order to obtain food and shelter. Some have been in this kind of civil death for more than a year, giving up every particle of personal 1;1---- forminia task of ten hours erty, per . 'labour every day, before they can earn a penny for themselves, living on very plain food, rising early in the morning both in winter and summer. and many of them confined day after day, month after month, in a small cell, apart from all human beings, ex cept the officers of the prison ; and this with the know led!.,.e that, at any moment, they have but to utter a word, and they can be placed at perfect liberty." So much for the boasted independence of the Scottish character, which a regular provision for the poor would, it is feared, take away! From the succeeding and eighth report, we learn that as the prison was not meant to serve the purposes of a workhouse, these destitute " voluntaries" were ordered by the General Prison Board to be ejected. "The result has unfortunately been," writes the inspector, in 1843, eir willingness to give up t iberty, to all the rules of a pri-un, thai they were sincerely desirou of avoiding a life of guilt, and of living peaceably and ho nestly. Nearly halt of those who have been thus ejected from the Glasgow prison, have already returned as offend ers ; and some of them under serious charges. One, a girl of thirteen. who had much pleased the governor by her industry, docility, and good conduct, but who had no good home or good parents to go to, was committed to the prison within one month after she had been compelled to leave, and is now under sentence of transportation." Of the fact that the poor-system has rendered Scotland a huge manufactory for criminals the public mind will not remain stisfied by the adduction of solitary instances ; we therefore turn to the criminal returns of the emp're, and three kingdoms have increased 65 per cent., crime has augmented during the past forty years 700 per cent. in England, 800 per cent. in Ireland, and in Scotland three thousand six hundred per cent —Douglas Jerrold's Shil- ling Magazine. SINGLE COMBAT BETWEEN A COCKNEY AND A KANGAROO.—Witiding his way to the right he came to an open space of green grass clear of brush and stones, and to his inexpressibledelight beheld a living specimen with good.naured irony anii exposed their inconsistencies or their w , •akties:e fact, Lord Lyndhurst's character is too diguitiM nature. His sarcasms may be biting, but tivy are he gr,:at difference b lrougnani. If p )we withering s irony an He kno exictly what he oukA t whit to leave undone,—how; far to advance, and w recede. In this coality he even ex'_ , elg th, Mike of lington; for he never undies deciallrions unthr the ence of temporary excAement, which His so call he aftery reason to r gret or recs.! is this quality of jud4men the most valuablo in human alFa hislintelectull pre-emincn influence in the House of Peers hat, to4c th and his deeds, pled in fthotii is a massive sin., S 4me nit thew highly elnr Fun•i le. articular Conti of o-t t-uperfl unassailabl there are veiy s nerve ad no more w Fkkr this ri much adm roquence must be conti ibute ad. gives him h:s wtl,ht an 1 It regulatos nis words of the or to Simplest comprehensio le,s so —Fraser watch on t the m de of t A black /f le.nlates I pos d with t Fom • with us nt Neuf. (iuod t;is s are{. gorous, and epigrammat the less nltural, as the evidently riot mould of h hi,s relsonil acute'; trivels far wide from ha He has a task to display will turn Macauley or rhetorical pas Every word does formed with jiist dent beauty nexion with his or distinction INSTINCT IN DOGS commons in Surrey, I have of animation, watch liar, am( nd sufficiently 1;10 , ri its own power where they will I sessed, one of t more than ordinary floating on the sea abort twenty ya as a buoy to the author of a small boat. Ile to dragged, in vain t,f enart-e, when ,udeerd remove the °Win le, and continued doing a a time that I saw 11.-i was exhau-ted by I not being able to mike Ibi the waves'. I was foretti to I im in, literally to pit v Jr his becoming a %jell urage and staunchness I was yin years since at the country house of a friend DE anlinn cur trturo to Paris we brought up useless tic uari which we turned k When the family rose the next morning the keeper re ported the return of the dog, which !Ind eittea led Joe mazes of the streets, havivg certainly never been in earls before, and had jogeed quietly home. A small shopkeeper of Adishain. in Kent, went out with his dog without. anything: being apparently the water. Some time afterwards the dog returned, but nut its ti 1'4 , 4. and inade a whining noise; and barked very violently, looking toward the door, and in its dumb Linguage 4,161 the ptor woman to accompany it. This site, betiog alarmed, , mthediately did ; when the faithful and sagaci,ius animal led her to a wood, where she found her huslieuid suspended ram the branch of a tree, dead ! While on the subject if dogs the following trait of a fox, which was mentioned in the Che Aler Chronicle, will riot he out of pl ice :—Tbe !ate Earl of Thalia was in the habit of lertioving every sear with his hunters and hounds from II thfield, tear kshford in Kent, to another seat he had in %Vesta-tore and. A short time, previous to one of 'hese removals a ox had been run to earth near Hi thfielil, and, upon Bing dug out, he proved to he S t extraordinary loge and Trd, 'Chase r leconrdirected it to be cotter coarse of yed to Hothfield, an ,:, u p • ii being d ugout , tiAiteitn,estaiono,e(i,atreretithahia.adt,;..l;4" at rite huntsman, whipper-in, a.;4learth-stopp,r, all declared •. that it was the same fox which had been iskrn into Wr-st. moreland, as it had an miusnalty large bl , ze nn the fore nead. Lord 'Motet was exceedingly etretgetic in his ex oressions of disor lief of the statement of his people, but hey persisted in their assertion; and haying ear•rnarked lie fox he was a ain taken in Westmoreland, and tarried loose in the neighbourhood of Appleby Castle. lo hunt ing the next season. ar liothfield, a f..x was killed at that place ; which proved to be the une in qu-slion, a..d whi c h had thus f: and its way from Westmoreland into K. nt. liy what instinct or exert•. of its faculties the animal was enabled to do this (the distance from one law!, to ore other being ahoy.- 320 miles), it is n ,, t easy to form an idea. Its well•known running would, one might sup •ose, be of little avail in such an emergsmcy, except in rnahl•n g it to procure fond.—Thompson'a No% e Book of a Naturalist.