The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-11-12 00:00:00

MAYOR O Stinsweriunv.—On Tuesday lag, Thorns Preys Badger. Eq., was unanimously . elected Mayor of Shrewsbury for the ensuing year, We believe Mr. Badger is nephew of Dr. Jeffreys, of this town. - - AMFHITHEATILE.—MR. CARMAN'S BENEFIT.-Mr .Car man, the polite and ever obliging box bookkeeper of this theatre, takes his benefit on Tuesday. He puts forth a bill of more than ordinary attraction. A new piece, written by Mrs. Carman, will be performed : report speaks highly of it. Tn EATRE -ROYAL .-To-night Miss Ellen Tree—the prima donna of the English stage, talented as fair, and good as gold—will take her benefit. " The Gamester" is to be Played, Charles Kean and herself filling the parts of Mr. and Mrs. Beverley. " The Belles Stratagem" concludes the evening's entertainments. Such an intellectual treat has not been afforded the play-goers for a long time. Miss Ellen Tree's Juliet, on Tuesday last, was an exquisite performance. MRS. GARDNER THE AURIST. — Those who are suffering from deafness should by all means apply to Mrs. Gardner, Previous to her quitting Liverpool. Her mode of treatment has been highly commended. LECTURE ON THE LIFE, CHARACTER, AND LABOURS OF P. R. FRANKLIN.—Our estimable townsman , the Re v. Hu g h Al'Neile, has consented to deliever a lecture on this topic, at the Royal Amphitheatre, on Wednesday, in behalf of the funds of the Printers' Pension Society. The novelty of the subject, the fame of the reverend lecturer, and the philan throphy of the object, can scarcely fail in securing a crowded auditory. Mr. M'Neile, we understand, was requested to deliever this lecture by a numerous body of gentlemen, many of whom are connected with the United States, who wished to hear his views b ore the Franklin's press, now exhibit ing in the Medical Mall, leaves this country. SUBSCRIPTION CONCERTS. — It will be perceived, by the advertisement which appears elsewhere, that the subscription concerts are to take place this year as usual. The spirit and enterprize of the projector--for hazardous and troublesome are they in the getting up—deserve cordial support from those wno profess to love music. There is no other man in tow n , we verily believe, who would undertake the manage. ment of these concerts at his own risk but Mr. Ashton; and it, on one or two occasions, some trifling disappointment should have occurred, the public ought to look at the average quantity of delight and entertainment afforded them, and they will find an immense balance of pleasure in their favour. %e believe the engagements this season will be upon a very liberal scale. We recommend those who wish to give their Patronage to the concerts, to send in their names as early as Possible, so that the manager may have an idea what he has reason to expect. FATAL ACCIDENT. —Yesterday morning, between nine and ten o'clock, as a youth aged fifteen years, named Daniel M`Vicar, was engaged in guiding some bales of cotton that were being lowered from a top room of a warehouse in Or ford -street, east side of the Salthouse Dock, to the cellar below, one of the bales which had not been att ached to the rop e fell from the fifth story upon his head, and so dreadfully injured him that he died in about two minutes. It appeared that one of the men employed in the room in sending out the cotton, put the bale on a truck, and wheeled 'it to what be considered a proper distance from the door, preparatory to its being sluing, and that being of an unequal form at the end, it overbalanced when he set it down and fell over, strik ing the deceased, who was on the footwalk, close to the cellar-hole. The head of the deceased was dreadfully smashed, the skull being fractured, and the face frightfully mutilated. His body was immediately conveyed to the dead-house. Deceased was the son of a ship-carpenter. An inquest was held on view of the body before M r. Currie, in the afternoon, when a verdict was returned of " Acciden tal death," with a-deodand of £5 on the bide, which was the property of Messrs. Isaac Lowe and Co. CHURCH EDUCATION SOCIETY FOR IRELAND We learn with pleasure that this important Institution for affording Christian Education to the Irish poor, is carrying on its labour of love in our sister land with much success. Called into existence by the sudden and total withdrawal of the public funds from any system of education which the members of the church could conscientiously concur in, it bas been zealously advanced to a considerable maturity, in a very short period, (two years, we believe,) by the happy co operation of his Grace the Lord Primate, the bishops and clergy of Ireland, together with many of the laity of the church. The originating and maintaining, in firm opposition to a government system of education, this institution was a bold and decided step, such as we are aware the Primate of Ireland would not have taken without adequate and all constraining reasons ; nor would his Grace the Primate of England have given his sanction to the proceeding, as we learn he has, unless he also had seen its necessity, and been fully satisfied of the adaptation of the means employed for effecting the great and blessed ends proposed by the society. It is not our purpose to specify at this moment the various cogent reasons that doubtless actuated the Irish church in refusing to receive aid for their schools through the National Board ; nor can we now enlarge upon the many evils perpe trated by this grievously misnomered thing ' • happily in Li verpool it is not necessary for us to do so. There is, how ever, one glaring evil which we cannot pass by, but for the exposure of which a few words will suffice. The National Board was established for the express purpose of giving " united" education, and the money of the country was voted for this express purpose by the English liberals. Moreover, to gain this so desirable object—desirable if gained honestly—men who professed the truth were called upon to make great sacrifices. All " initiating" doctrines were to be laid aside ; all " distinctive" opinions discarded ; and the creeds of the various " sects" being lowered to the standard of those who believed the least ; they were told there was to be simplicity and lovely harmony in the Irish system of education. Such was the picture drawn—such the promises made to deceive the nation. Now have these promises been fulfilled? What is the reality ? Has the high price paid, even the sacrifice of truth, secured the object of " union ?" Far from it. The church stood aloof from the board; the high popish party stood aloof; the presbyterians stood aloof. The Board of," ULit .1d" Education was a failure it was evidently on its last legs. What was to be dune? honestly confe,s the failure and give up. No; it became squeezable. We are indebted to Dr. Cooke, of Belfast, for the application of this term, and the evidence of the fact we state, in the Doctor's words ; they occur in a letter in which be seeks to justify the conduct of the presbyteria ns of Ire land, w h o, while they condemn the system receive aid from the Board ; he says, " still (as a system) it is not better, its managers have only, like their employer, become more squeezable ;' and presbyterians, without accepting one par ticle of the system, have extracted from it a public institu tion, an endowment for AN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Or THEIR OWN. The Board is equally squeezable in the case of Popery, it being stated, in answer to an enquiry on the subject, that no peculiar favour was shewn to the Presbyterians; and that the like arrangement was open to all other parties. We have it therefore proved, that the Board of " United" Education has become an instrument of education—for any thing that appears to the country—infinitely split, divided, and parcelled out, affording to all who may choose to apply, be they Presbyterians, Papists, and Socinians, endowments for an educational system of their own. This is the chief point with which, as journalists, we have to do. This is the chief point which ought to be brought before parliament. The sophism of " united education" is exploded. The na tional sin of devoting the public money to the direct propa gation of error is avowedly perpetrated. Parliament must either endorse this iniquity, or the Irish National Board must be treated as having betrayed , its trust, and be forthwith re modelled or extinguished altogether. The Irish Church, very properly not satisfying itself with an idle protest, has established a system large and catholic in its plan, and thoroughly scriptural in its principle, which seems admirably suited to promote the best interests of Ire land ; the Church Education Society seeks to enable the pa rochial clergy to offer to all a good and suitable religious education, taking the unmutilated Word of God as the basis ; and while securing for the children of the church instruction in the catechism and other formularies, forcing them upon none who object to their use. We are glad to learn that the Rectors of Liverpool have expressed themselves ready to give their valuable support to this society, and to encourage the formation of an auxiliary i❑ this town, one of them taking the chair at a meeting to be held shortly for the pur pose, of which due notice will be given when the arrangements are fully made. We desire to press upon our readers the duty of supporting with liberal contributions this society ; and though the claims that are daily made upon their liberality and Christian zeal are heavy and numerous, yet we feel assured there will be a cheerful response given to the appeal about to be made in behalf of the Church of Ireland and Scriptural Education, recommended as it is by the patronage and approval of our excellent Rectors. Thousands in Ireland are looking to the effect of this ap peal to English liberality, and thousands may be benefited in time and eternity if only liberality be exercised; for the Church Eslucation Society has immediate and large oppor tunities Tsr extending the blessings of Christian education through the length and breadth of the land, Romanists and Protestants gladly availing themselves of the proffered boon — the limit being want of funds for maintaining a sufficient number of schools under properly qualified teachers. MEETING or THE TOWN COUNCIL ZCTION OF A CONSERVATIVE MAYOR, AND EIGHT CONSERVATIVE ALDERMEN. The council met on Tuesday last, at 12 o'clock, for the election of mayor in the place of Mr. Thomas Bolton, and of eight aldermen, the election of the committees, and the transaction of the usual business appertaining to the first meeting after the municipal election. Every member of the council was present, except Mr. Platt. Mr. G. H. LAWRENCE rose and said, before proceeding with the order of the day, he would venture to draw the attention of the council to what he considered to be a ques tion of privilege, inasmuch as it related to the election of an alderman just previous to the late municipal elections. He considered that this was one of the questions which ought to have precedence over every other subject in their delibera tions. He could not see Mr. Robert Ellison Harvey occu pying the seat of an alderman in that room without renew ing the protest which he had felt it his duty to make at the close of the last meeting, upon the ground of ineligibility in the candidate. It would be for the Mayor or the Town clerk to show the grounds upon which they had ventured to induct Mr. Harvey to an office in which be had incurred penalties by acting. But it would require a strong opinion indeed to induce him (Mr. G. H. Lawrence) to wave the opinion he had formed ; it would require very strong grounds to justify him in coining to any other than the common-sense conclusion that though he was ineligible to serve as a burgess or to vote as a town councillor he should be qualified to vote and occupy a seat as alderman. He could not believe there could be such an anomaly in the reform act as that, that there could he such a distinction as he had heard alleged between the name being upon a list which had never been revised, and the burgess roll, from which alone the aldermen were to be elected. With Mr. Harvey he had no fault to find; but he thought this council was bound to see that the title of each member to his seat was without suspicion ; and it was not to be left to parties out of doors to bring the questions before their considera tion. It was for the council, and for the council alone, if they had done wrong in any instance, to set the matter right. With these expressions of his sentiments be begged to call upon the Town Clerk to explain the grounds upon which he justified the course which had been adopted, and to point out to the council the mode by which he could purge the scat from the doubt which hon.. overit. Mr. Alderman b EAßLE believed the Town-clerk had taken a legal opinion on the question, and that it was in favour of Mr. Harvey's right to his seat. lie suggested that this opi nion be read. Mr. Alderman EVANS had heard with great regret the unnecessary speech of Mr. Lawrence. He could not help conceiving that it was in a great degree tinged with an acri mony that he had not expected from Mr. Lawrence. The matter was one of pure law, and he thought Mr. Lawrence had most unnecessarily given a kind of undue colouring to the matter as if there was a collusion, and as if a great and scandalous wrong had been inflicted. The MAYOR, as the question of privilege had been raised, thought it necessary to state the part he had taken in this matter. He was not quite sure, though he was under the impression, at least, that the Town-clerk was of opinion that this question would have been best raised after the election of the new Mayor. (Cries of " No.") If it were the pleasure of the council that the question should be raised whilst he occupied that seat he was quite satisfied ; but the Town clerk was impressed with the opinion that the first and only business he (the Mayor) had to do, was to preside till the election'of the new mayor. The MAYOR asked whether it was the pleasure of the council to proceed now to the election of mayor, and after wards give any member an opportunity of bringing forward the election of Mr. Harvey ? Mr. H. LAWRENCE, -- it is understood that we receive his vote in the election of mayor under protest. The M A.YOR.—I should rather that that were not men med at all. (Cries of " No, no.") Mr. H. LAW RENC E.—No, certainly not. If we mean to ist upon it, that he is not properly elected, now is the time. The TOWN-CLERK said the first course to-day was the election of mayor, it being understood that a protest was made against the legality of Mr. Harvey's vote. When the proper time came, after the election of mayor, he should be ready to give every explanation in his power. (Hear, hear.) ELECTION OF MAYOR. The MAY OR.—Then the first business before us is the election of Mayor. If any member has a gentleman to pro pose, I shall now be happy to hear him. Mr. ROBERTSON GLADSTONE then rose, and said, Mr. Mayor, I rise with feelings of very great gratification to propose Mr. John Shaw Leigh as a fit and proper person to fill the high and important office of Mayor of this borough for the ensuing year. In doing so, I am well aware that the oppor tunity is afforded me of making some remarks as to the great change which has taken place since some of us last met in this room. I might allude particularly to the present relative position of the two parties in this Council ; but 1 purposely abstain from making such observations, believing they are not in themselves necessary, and that they are not calculated to promote that good feeling and harmony which it is so de sirable to see in all the proceedings of the Council. (Hear.) I have, sir, already upon a previous occasion had the honour of proposing Mr. Leigh as a candidate for the chair you now fill. To most, I may say to every, member of this coun cil Mr. Leigh's qualifications and character are well known. ( Hear, hear.) It is fortunate for the town that such an in dividual can be selected, for I may truly say that his well earned reputation is indeed most ably sustained by his own individual high honour, unquestionable integrity and standing in the town ; and that in venturing to name him as a candidate upon the present occasion, I am confident, that if his ap pointment should be confirmed by the council, it will be one that will confer honour upon the council, and at the same time be most acceptable to the community at large. With these remarks I beg leave to propose that Mr John Shaw Leigh be elected mayor of this borough. (Hear, and loud applause.) Mr. CHRISTOPHER BIISHELL.—Mr. Mayor, it became my duty last year to second the nomination of Mr. John Shaw Leigh, he having then been proposed by my friend Mr. Gladstone. We did this, last year, not with the same hope that we have this year of electing him to the high office you now hold, Sir. I quite agree with the explanations which have fallen from my friend Mr. Gladstone, as to there being no necessity whatever for entering into any detail with re gard to the position we now occupy in this council. The town has determined that, and therefore it is unnecessary to repeat it here. lam equally anxious with my friend, Mr. Gladstone, that there should be no observations made which would tend in the least degree to excite irritable feelings, and I trust that the future proceedings of this council will be characterized by that desire for the general good, which can never, by posibility, be promoted by any of those exhibitions of differences which have unfortunately sometimes pervaded this Council. (Hear, hear.) In seconding the nomination of Mr. John Shaw Leigh, I believe I am seconding the nomi nation of a gentleman, who, if elected, will hold the scale with firmness, and who will incline the balance to the side of justice and strict impartiality. (Hear.) With these obser vations, I beg to second the nomination. (Applause.) The MAYOR—Has any other member of the council a gentleman to propose? No answer being returned, The MAYOR said, I then declare that Mr. John Shaw Leigh is unanimously elected Mayor. (Great applause.) Mr. LEIGH was then conducted to the chair, by his mover and seconder, amidst much applause. The TOWN-CLERK having administered the usual declara tion, and the necessary forms having been completed, The MAYOR said,—Gentlemen, having gone through the formal ordeal of assuming the high position which you have been so kind as unanimously to impose upon me on this oc casion, 1 cannot allow the opportunity to pass without ex pressing sincerely the feelings I entertain for the expreisions of that sentiment which you have now evidenced in placing me in the position in which I now stand. I can say I shall feel it my duty to act to the best of my discretion in every occur rence that may take place, both as the chairman of this as sembly and in my judicial duties in connexion with the office you have just now placed me in. I do hope that the same unanimity which has been now shown to a great extent in this room may be evinced in all our transactions through the approaching year, which, of course, it will be my strong de sire to promote to the utmost of my power. I beg leave, gentlemen, to thank you most sincerely for the honour you have conferred upon me. (Applause.) The aldermen whose tenure of office now terminated then rose to retire : in doing so, Mr. JOSEPH HORNBY said—Mr. Mayor, good morning. (Laughter.) The MAYOR.—I am very sorry to lose sight of you, Mr. Hornby. (Renewed laughter.) ELECTION OF ALDERMEN. The council then proceeded to the election of eight alder men in the place of those just retired. The following is a list of the gentlemen proposed, and the number of votes for each. William Nicol Edmund Molyneux ~ .... Thomas Chilton J. B. Moore R. S. Crooke 34 J. H. Turner 3O Richard Houghton 4O Richard Griffith T. Booth 18 Geo. Holt R. Benn ...................... . ... .. •• T. Blackburn R. Roskell l5 J. Hornby 15 H. Hornby 12 R. Shell Wm. Rathbone C. H. Jones . Charles Horsfall .. , Hardman Earle. ; The first eight, all of whom are conservatives, were de clared duly elected. taken t Mr, G. Ft Lawrence, Mr. H. Lawrence, and: - Mr, Gladstone, imfasour of inquiry. Mr. HARVEY stated that whatever proceedings were in stituted against him out of doors he should retain his s eat ; but if the council instituted proceedings, he should refrain from attending or voting until the decision was obtained. Finally, MR. ALDERMAN EVANS moved as an amend ment that " after the legal opinions taken, the council do not consider it necessary to proceed further in the case of Mr. Harvey." The votes, were then called for, but betore they were taken, the amendment was withdrawn. Mr. G. H. Lawrence's motion was then put, and car ried on a show of hands by a very large majority. THE MAYCIL S ALLOWANCE. On the motion of Mx. HOLMES, seconded by Mn. HODGSON, the Mayor's allowance was fixed at the usual amount, namely £2,000, subject to a reduction of £7OO, payable to the Town Hall Establishment Committee. QUARTERLY MEETINGS. The quarterly meetings of the council were appointed for the first Wednesdays in February, May, and August. APPOINTMENT OF ANNUAL OFFICERS. The officers who are annually appointed, as well as those who held office during pleasure, were next appointed. No change whatever was made STANDING ORDERS On the motion of Vr:BTrkett, seconded by Mr. Cooper, the standing orders were ordered to be printed, and taken into consideration at the next meeting, the existing orders to continue in force in the meantime. THE BOROUGH SESSIONS The MAYOR presented a report from the visiting justices. The report embodied a resolution from the visiting justices, to the effect that it would be desirable to hold the sessions more frequently, in consequence of the numbers of persons who were committed for trial. It appeared that a commu nication had been made on the subject to the recorder. The latter replied, that he would accede to any arrangements which would not affect the present attendance of the bar. He further stated, that his duties exceeded those of any other recorder, and that he hoped that would be taken into consideration. The report was referred to the Finance Committee. REVISION OF THE BURGESS LISTS. Tha TOWN-CLERK submitted, for the consideration of the council, whether the Finance Committee should not be in structed to take into their earliest consideration the state of the law as to the revision of the burgess lists, and to adopt such measures as may appear to them advi,:able, reporting from time to time to the council. Referred to the Finance Committee. APPOINTMENT OF COMMITTEES. Finance Committee (15).—0n the motion of Mr. George Lawrence, seconded by Mr. Cooper, the following gentle men were appointed the Finance Committee : Richard Houghton, H. Lawrence, G. H. Lawrence, Robinson, Bu shell, Aspinall, Alex. Smith, Birkett, Wood, Bolton, J. Holmes, Freme, Mather, Moon, and Shaw. Improvements Committee (10).—Sandbach, Blundell, Jas. Lawrence, Hodgson, Cooper, Kilshaw, Barclay, Earle, H. Holmes, and Turner. JVatch Committee (25).—G. H. Lawrence, Toulmin, Jas. Lawrence, Jones, jun., Robinson, Procter, John Smith, Hodgson, I. Holmes, Copeland, Rae , Park er, Trotman, Bushell, Kilshaw, Edwards. Harbord, Thornhill, Mellor, R. V. Yates, Jordan, Mather, Richard Bright, Preston, and Freme. Market . Committee (9).—James Lawrence, Toulmin, Jno. Smith, Kilshaw, Isaac Holmes, Rigby, Bulley, Evans, and Priestley. Education Committee (16).—The following were proposed as members of this committee :—G. H. Lawrence, Alexan der Smith, Sandbach, Priestley, Parker, Harbord, Hodgson, Crook, Birkett, Shaw, H. Holmes, Aiken, Platt, Bright. Molyneux, and Chilton. Mr. Aiken, Mr. Bright, and Mr. H. Holmes, severally requested to be excused from being appointed on this com mittee. A very long, and warm discussion followed, and eventually an amendment was moved that the council do ad journ by Mr. Sandbach, who gave it as his opinion that if the committee was constituted as proposed, there would be no prospect of good from it. He could not sec any hope whatever of The schools being worked to advantage. He, therefore, begged to move that the council adjourn in order to afford time for consideration. The motion was seconded, and the Council adjourned at 20 minutes past four o'clock, till Monday morning next. The new Mayor, on leaving the Town-hall, was greeted with most enthusiastic cheers. MEETING OF THE LIVERPOOL POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY. On Tuesday evening this society held its usual monthly meeting, in the lecture room of the Royal Institution. John Grantham, Esq., occupied the chair, and several interesting communications were laid before the members. The first was " A Paper on the Utility of Medals," by C. F. SALT. The essayist attributed the neglect of the study of medals to the prevailing ignorance of the importance of their history, which arises, in great measure, from medals being less numerous among the moderns than they were among the ancients. With the latter they were the current coin of the realm, on which were stamped the virtues of their emperors, as well as the public benefits they conferred on their subjects. This is an admirable method of transmitting to posterity the most important facts connected with the history of a country. Medals are highly important in an historical point of view, being public records of interesting national events : a regular series, indeed, forms a complete body of history. In geo graphy and chronology they are valuable auxiliaries in throw ing additional light upon many obscurities connected with these pursuits. On the civil institutions of a country, on the general habits and private customs of a people, great infor mation is derivable from medals. Many noble edifices of antiquity, of which nothing remains but a few scattered frag ments, to bespeak their former grandeur and beauty, are preserved entire on medals. The specimens of ancient sculp ture are no less remarkable than those of architecture. The fact of the four most beautiful statues extant, viz., the Far nese Hercules, the Belvidere Apollo, the Medicean Venus, and the famous Marcus Aurelius on horseback, being faith. fully represented on medals, favours the opinion that other beautiful reverses are copies of statues which have not escaped the ravages of time. Nor are there reasons wanting to con firm the sentiment that many medals are copies of ancient paintings : certain it is, that the best modern painters have studied medals with particular interest and advantage. The assistance derived from medals in clearing up many obscure passages in those inimitable productions of the ancient Greek and Roman writers, is more extensive and complete. Their assistance in other departments of curious and elegant litera ture was adverted to, and, in conclusion, Mr. SALT expressed the hope, that as the electrotype process affords a facile and cheap method of multiplying copies, so it will bring the pleas ing study of medals into general vogue, and thus lead to the multiplication of these enduring records of interesting and important events, as they transpire among us. Mr. R. H. CHILTON then read a paper " on the Medals 1 of the present Reign." This gentleman has appeared before the society before on these subjects, and skilled as he is in such antiquarian research, he is , always listened to with great attention. He stated that the- medals on the table had not the charm of antiquity to recommend them, the events they recorded being within the memory of every one present. In considering what constituted a good medal, the sister art of historical painting should be referred to, for both aimed at the same objects, and were guided by the same rules. The lights and shades of the painting were expressed by greater or less relief in the medal ; and the great distinctness of out line that this enabled the artist to give, quite compensated for the want of colouring. To illustrate this, a medal was shown taken from the painting of the Holy Family, by Raphael. The medalist had a great advantage over the painter in the legend or inscription ; this was the part that was generally abused in modern medals. In some the in scription not only extended round both sides, but also round the edee ; some more were written in Latin Hexameter verse- The following, copied from a Roman medal, was more eru dite still CHRISTVS DUX ERGO TRIVMPHVS. In this inscription it would be seen that some letters were larger than others, and these if picked out, (though not in the order in which they stand,) would form the date thus, MDCXVVVII-1627. This was not like the ancient me dals, the inscriptions on which were always as short as pos sible, telling the event they commemorated in as few words as it could be conveyed. The medals were then considered, commencing with a very beautiful one of the Queen when Princess Victoria, by Wyon ; the next, the city medal, by the same artist, and which was the best medalic likeness of her Majesty. The following medals were then shewn :—The Coronation Medal, by Pistrucci, medals of the coronation by different artists, none of which had any particular merit; the medal struck at the London Polytechnic Society ; that of the Numismatic Society, with the head of Dr. Lee, the president ; Father Matthew's Temperance Medals, with a number of great beauty, and of different degrees of merit in execution. A complete set of the modern silver and copper coinage was then shown, including the Maundy Money, on several of which interesting remarks were made. Mr. H. HORNER followed with an able essay on the Linear Perspective of the Daguerreotype, as distinguished from the aerial perspective. He explained in a perspicuous manner the system usually adopted, and the most perfect — that of Dr. Brooke Taylor—to arrive at truth in linear per spective, and contrasted it with that produced by the daguerreotype plates, in which the perpendicular lines are represented as converging as they ascend, and the horizontal lines of buildings facing the spectator, appear to decline right and left. Being obtained by the camera obscura— which is in fact an artificial eye—and given on flat surfaces, they appear to the eye to diminish in an unnaturally great degree, when placed vertically and viewed from the point of sight. This, and the reversing of all objects, seem the only objection to these beautiful productions, and do not seem to admit of an easy remedy, without a considerable loss of light, which the nature of the process would not bear. These efforts were illustrated by daguerreotype plates, compared with engravings of the same objects. Two outlines of a Gothic tower were also shown, one drawn according to the usual rules, and the other as it would be represented by the daguerreotype ; and by placing the latter in a frame curved to the radius of the distance of the eye, it was reduced to the appearance of the former, when viewed from the same point of sight. The ability displayed by Mr. Horner was main tained by the clear answers and illustrations he gave to several observations which were made on his paper. Mr. RAWLINS exhibited an American lock, with 7 mo veable tumblers, capable of 5040 changes ; also some beautiful specimens of lathe engraving, which attracted much atten tion. Mr. JOSEPH JOHNSON presented the society with an ele gant engraving of our townsman, Mr. Fawcett. The thanks of the meeting were given to the donor. The members then retired to the refreshment room, and separated at ten o'clock, much gratified by the proceedings of the evening. BAIL COURT, WESTMINSTER, Nov. 8 Before PATTESON, J The Solicitor -General applied for a itile nisi for filing a quo warranto information against Mr. R. E. Harvey, to show by what authority he claimed to be an alderman of the borough of Liverpool. Mr Harvey had been elected an alderman on October 29th, by a majority of the Council, but was not then qualified to fill that office. Under sections 27 and 28 of the Municipal Corporation Act, no one is qualified to be elected an Alderman, who is not entitled to be on the burgess list, and by section 9 no one can be a member of the corporation who is not enrolled on the burgess roll. Mr. Harvey was not, at the time of his supposed election, on the burgess roll or list then in force. The burgess roll then in force was the same that was made in 1839, as the re • vision in 1840 was not completed. Mr. Harvey's name was not on the list of 1839, nor had lie claimed, or become enti tled, to be on that list by being rated for property within the borough. Mr. Harvey might be on the burgess list made this year, but that would not avail to qualify him on October 29th ; and some doubt existed as to his title to be on the present list. PATTESON, J.—Take a rule to show cause. We understand that several of the Conservative members have determined to set apart a large portion of the recess to personal inquiries into the state of the country. Among others, the Hon. Mr. Smyth, member for Canterbury, Mr. Lindsay, member for Sandwich, and another from the same side of the house, are gone on a tour through the manufactur ing districts, whence it is their intention to pass into Ireland. These gentlemen travel wholly u nattended, and though they do not affect -.he incognito. lay themselves out for personal intercourse with all classes, from the mill-owner down to the operative. The proceeding deserves the highest praise, and will not, we are sure, fail to interest as well as to instruct the parties engaged in it.—John Bull. LONDON MONEY-MARKET, &c WEDNESDAY EVENING.-The English funds were not extensively dealt in, but prices were nevertheless firm. Con sols for money arc quoted at 89-,'; ; for the account, 89/ to 1 ; Three per Cents. Reduced, SS ; Three - and -a-Halt p er Cents. Reduced, 98; and New Three-and-a-Half per Cents., 99:1 0 In the Exchequer-bill market business was done in the " stamped" bills-that is to say, those which have in the late examination passed and are vouched as correct-at 10s. to 125., while the " unstamped" bills have been done at Ss. premium. Bank Stock closed at 165 to 166 ; India Stock, 246 to 247; and Long Annuities, (expiring January 5, 1860,) 121. A good deal of general business was transacted in the foreign securities, which, however, do not bear very improved prices. Spanish crept up, towards the close of business, to 211 to which was its latest value ; Portuguese 5 per Cents. left off at 291 to 30 ; Ditto 3 per Cents., 17i to 181 ; Colom bian, 191 to ; Mexican, 251 to ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents.; 512- to -/; Belgian, 100 to 101; and Brazilian, 57 to 58. TEA.-14,003 packages of tea have been declared to-day for public sale, notwithstanding which the market has re mained firm. Company's Congous ls. 10c1. per lb. money. SUGAR.-The market was quiet to-day. The sales of British Plantation comprised 220 llhds. There were 4,300 bags of Bengal put up, part of which sold at public sale, and the remainder afterwards at about ls. decline. Khaur at from 40s. to 435. Gd., and bright brown at 475. Of 570 baskets of Java, and 120 of Brazil. part only sold. The yellow description of the former at 16s. Gd. to 18s. Gd., and brown at 13s. Gd. to 14s. ; Brazil yellow, 15s. to 16s. 6d. COVFEE.-200 casks were offered, chiefly Jamaica, the greater portion of which was taken in. A few lots of good middling sold at 140 s. to 120 s. There were 2,200 bags of Ceylon. which all sold, very fine marks at 755. to 108 s. ; or dinary and good from Gls. to 68s. Gd., and pale at 665. to 675. 40 bales of 'Mocha fetched from 975. to 113 s. 1,500 bags of Porto Rico, via the Cape, were put up, but all were taken in at from Ms. to 565. 150 bags of Brazil direct sold at 395. to 40s. CoCOA.-840 bags of Trinidad, partly sold ; low to good ordinary at 365. 6d. to 425. 6d. RICE.-The sales consisted of 2,750 bags of Bengal, but a decline of from Gd. to 9d. was made good. Ordinary white dusty. 12s. CASSIA.-150 cases offered arid sold ; fine at 102 s. to 102 s. Gd, good middling 965. to 965. Gd., and coarse 91s. Gd. to 925. 6d. PEARL SAGO.-400 bags were sold , very good at 265. Gd. to 275., and middling at 225. THE CHASE The CHESHIRE HOUNDS will meet on Saturday, Nov. 13, at Monday, 15, at Wednesday, 17, at Thursday, 18, at Saturday, 20, at .. Monday, 22, at.. . Wednesday, 24, at Friday, 26, at . Saturday, 27, at ......... Xrley Marburg, near Northwich Cholmondeley Hurleston Village Abbey Arms ~,.Norton Tatton Booth's Obelisk Withington Hall At half-past ten o'clock. Mr. ATTY'S HOUNDS will meet on Monday, Nov. 14, at ...................... Bough Bridge Frid a y, 19, at.... ........................ Gallantry Bank Monday, 22, at .................. Weolnesday, 21, at Friday, 26, at .. Monday, 29, at - Wynnstay At hall-past ten o'clock MEMORIAL A memorial froin the owners ... occupiers of houses in Bridgewater-street, was read, and referred to the Finunce Committee. CONFIRMATION OF PROCEEDINGS. The proceedings of the last special council, and of the se veral committees since that meeting were then read and con firmed. APPOINTMENT OF MR. HARVEY AS ALDERMAN. It being understood that the Town-clerk bad taken the opinion of counsel on this question, he was called upon by several members to state the result. He stated, in effect, that after the election of Mr. Harvey, by a majority of thirty-three to thirty, and the Council had broken up, Mr. G. H. Lawrence, accompanied by several other mem bers, came in and protested against the election, on the ground that his name was not in the burgess list at the time being. The objection was that his (Mr. H.'s) name was not in the list for 1839, and as the list for 1840 was not re vised throughout, and the old list of 1839 fallen back upon, that list therefore remained in force till Ist November, 1841, and Mr. Harvey was elected on the 30th Oct., while the list for 1841, in which his name appeared could not come into legal operation till the November following. It was there fore contended that Mr. Harvey was not duly qualified to sit as alderman. He (the Town-clerk) thought at the time the objection was fatal, and had he heen then asked his opinion, he should so have stated it. There were two lists required—one by the overseers, to be completed in August, called the burgess list—and another, revised by the mayor and assessors, coming into force on the first November, called the burgess roll. The opinion, however, which he had first entertained against Mr. Harvey's eligibi lity, was considerably shaken by his attention being called, by a barrister, to the words " en titled to be (at the time of election) on the Burgess List", the other being called the Burgess Roll. He had finally been led to the conclusion, from several clauses of the act, the words referred to the overseers' list, and he therefore had formed an opinion favourable to the election in question. He then stated that he had drawn out the case of Mr. Harvey as clearly as possible, and submitted it to eminent counsel, Sir Frederick Pollock, Attorney-General, Mr. Starkie, Mr. Cowling, and Mr. Crompton. Their reply was, "We are of opinion that Mr. Harvey was entitled to be on the burgess list at the time he was elected alderman." A long and rather stormy discussion then took place as to whether the Council should proceed to have the question decided in the Court of Queen's Bench, or should leave the matter to rest on the opinions obtained. Mr. G. H. LAWRENCE moved, in effect, " That the ques tion be referred to the Town-clerk, to take further legal opinions upon it, and that he report upon the same to the Council at a future day. He wished it to be understood, however, that in any ulterior proceedings that might be taken, the expenses should not be thrown upon Mr. Harvey, but be taken out of the corporate funds. Mr. Aikin, Mr. Evans, Mr. Earle, Mr. Mellor, Mr. Bol ton, and others spoke in favour of leaving Mr. Harvey in possession of his seat, without any legal proceedings being THE BRAZILIAN QUESTION. We regret to notice a degree of malicious satisfaction in in the tone with which certain of our whig contemporaries communicate to their readers the somewhat unfavourable news which have recently been received from the Brazils The approaching termination of the commercial treaty, ex- isting between that country and Great Britain, is certainly not an event which, interestsd as we are in the prosperity of our manufacturing and commercial classes, to whom it affords a large source of employment, can he to us an object of gra tifying contemplation. And it is still more unfortunate to know that the period, at which it will be necessary to dis- cues between the two nations the terms of its renewal, should be one in which the pressure of financial difficulties may very probably render it imperative upon the Brazilian government to insist upon a re-modification of its system of duties, upon terms less favourable than otherwise they might have been for the interests of British industry It is, however, jumping a little too fast to conclusions, to represent the possibility even that the government of the Brazils, in seeking to repair the disorganized state of their finances, will adopt those largely discriminating duties against the manufactures and the merchandise of Great Bri tain, which are spoken of with such evident satisfaction by our contemporaries, the Liverpool Times and the Manchester Guardian. We nothing doubt that some increase of the duties upon imports of British goods, and of the goods of . . other countries as well, will be resorted to, as a measure of revenue, by the Brazilian government. There may be too, in the minds of some of the Brazilian people, the feeling (which is mentioned by the Times and Guardian) to legislate in a retaliatory spirit against Great Britain, " in return for the virtual exclusion of the principal productions (?) of Bra- zil ;" yet we cannot but express our belief that such feeling is far from being either largely felt or entertained in very in fluential quarters ; for we are quite certain that its indul gence, to the extent pointed at by both these authorities, is a thing which it is quite impossible for any prudent and sen- sible government to contemplate. ' But be it even as it is asserted. Let the Brazils, as is an- ticipated by these very eminent free trade luminaries, lay 50 or 60 per cent. duty upon British imports—upon the neces sary clothing of their now large population. Let their finan ciers fly in the face of the recorded opinions of all the free trade and politico-economical authorities, from M'Culloch downwards to Lord Althorp—from the Manchester Guardian to Mr. Richard Cobden—and attempt to increase their reve- nue by the imposition of prohibitory duties upon the neces saries of life and comfort. Is it therefore, we ask, at all a necessary consequence that Great Britain will be seriously damaged ? Not at all. By such an insane and suicidal step the people of the Brazils themselves would be the ultimate sufferers—not in their revenue alone, but throughout every department of their commerce—whilst Great Britain, al though for a time she might experience inconvenience from the temporary derangement of existing connexions and ex isting channels of trade, would ultimately profit by the in creased activity and energy which the prostration of the Bra zils would infuse into the industry of other states, more ad vantageously circumstanced perhaps for becoming large and valuable consumers of our manufactures. There can be no question, we apprehend, that the con sumption of those countries, whose population the slave class constitutes the principal portion, is infinitely less valuable than the consumption of Free States ; and though we are quite disposed to accord to the trade with the Brazils its just value, we are not disposed, as we are urged by the admirers of the defunct budget of the late Whig Chancellor of the Exchequer, to seek its retention by the sacrifice of a trade with our own colonies, which we know to be so far snore important to the interests of our manufacturers to encourage. and arty check to the growing prosperity of which, would be so fatal to the best interests of humanity, and if caused by our own grasping selfishness so disgraceful to us as a nation. The noble experiment to rear the products of the Tropics, by the instrumentality of free labour, is at this moment in suc cessful progress in those colonies. The liberty and happiness of millions of the human race is staked upon its success ; and shame—deep and lasting—be upon our name, if for a merely temporary outcry, and to appease a purely selfish and short sighted mania, entertained, in sincerity, by a mere fraction amongst the manufacturing classes, we consent to arrest the progress of this experiment—to rivet afresh the fetters which bind down our fellow men to servitude, and to spread desola tion and misery over some of the fairest portiOns of the globe, which we believe firmly are destined, by a perseverance in the the noble course which British philanthropy and British energy are now pursuing towards them, to become the in exhaustible gardens of the human race—seats of industry and happiness, instead of so many dark blots upon the face of nature ! We know well the object with which these threats of re taliatory tariffs are held out by the organs of Liberalism" in this country ; and we concede to them no more weight from the fact that they are echoed by cliques and factions in other countries. That object is to mislead the ►manufacturing classes from their true interests. It is a factious. object ; and the purpose of those, by whom it is pursued, is strengthened by a rankling and bitter feeling against the interests of certain of our West Indian colonists. But that object will not be at tained ;—the good sense of the people of England forbid that it should I There is no fear that we shall be called upon to choose between the alternatives of abandoning the experiment —no longer a doubtful one, or, with proper appliances, a losing one—of raising the products of the Tropics by free labour, or of resigning altogether our commerce with the Brazils ; for we are confident that the treaty with that country —despite the prognostications rof our contemporaries to th contrary—will be renewed in good time, upon fair and reason able terms. There are other branches of industry amongst the Brazilian people besides the cultivation of the sugar cane ; and we cannot for a moment imagine that for a very question able prospect of advancing the interests of a few sugar culti vators in that country, its government will commit so enor mous a folly as would be the adoption, in passionate spirit, of a policy which, without any adequate advantages of a financial nature to recommend it, would consign to certain and vast injury, whole classes, whose interests are bound up inseperably in the connexion with Great Britain. means of their death and destruction have been introduced and visited upon them by acquisitive white men ; and by white men, also, whose forefathers were welcomed and em braced in the land where the poor Indian met and fed them with ' ears of green corn and with pemican.' Of the 2,000,060 remaining alive at this time, about 1,400,000 are already the miserable living victims and dupes of 'white man's cupidity, degraded, discouraged, and lost in the bewildering maze that is produced by the use of whiskey and its concomitant vices ; and the remaining number are yet unroused and unenticed from their wild haunts or their primitive modes, by the dread or love of white man and his allurements." The aborigines of America—such of them we mean as are left to tell the tale—have little to boast of as the result of that commercial enterprise which brought white men to their hemisphere. Africa has still less. Europe and Asia may divide the honour between them. The more we inquire, the less reason we shall find to be satisfied with the civilising, or even huinanising, effects of commerce standing apart jrom any other principle. And how should it be otherwise? By itself, the commercial principle is purely one of barter. When men go to barter. it is not of another's good they are thinking; they do the best they can for themselves. Lord Byron used to make hard bargains with Murray, the book seller, for his poems ; for some, at least, of his latter pro ductions. " I consider," his lordship used to say, " two persons going to make a bargain, like two men going to fight in a saw-pit; and the only discredit in the transaction is that of coming off second best." The mainsprings of commerce are luxury and necessity. Men do not embark in it for their amusement, or for the good that it will do to those with whom they propose to carry on their intercourse; no, they do it for their own advantage. How, then, can commerce — confining the use of the term strictly to its original and pro per signification—be the missionary of more than that for which it is sent, or possess powers beyond its commission ? Yet, there is something admirable in that extended commerce which pervades the world, and which is every day extending, and will continue to extend, till the consummation of all things. It proves that, as man increases upon the earth, corresponding means for his employment develop themselves; and there is no doubt that, influenced, guided, and directed by a higher, that is, by a Christian principle, it may, and probably will, subserve all those noble purposes of which the writer whom we have quoted speaks. The error we complain of consists in attributing that directly to commerce which belongs to it only as an accident. The vast commerce of our glorious country is surely a blessing—a blessing that may not be disputed ; but if here busy Commerce waits To pour his golden tide through all her gates ; Vhose fiery suns, that scorch the russet spice, Of eastern groves, and oceans floor'd with ice, Forbid in vain to push his daring way To darker climes, or climes of higher day ; When the winds waft wher'er the billows roll, From the world's girdle to the frozen pole. —if this be so, we say, there are also corresponding respon sibilities. Commerce is a blessing, because it furnishes to man, whose doom is labour, the opportunity of doing so profitably and advantageously. It supplies a motive to his industry, lightens his toil by giving him a cheering confidence of reward, and not only smoothens the rugged path of life, but strews flowers, luxuries, and pleasures along the way of it. To commerce we humbly make our acknowledgments as one of the main instruments of British greatness; but there is a greatness beyond that of mere commercial dealing, and all the wealth and power which commerce can bestow ; it is to be derived from the use we make of it. If we are the first commercial nation in the world, we have corresponding re sponsibilities. If we draw our wealth from every point of the compass, and every part of the world, surely we owe the world something in return—something beyond those merely perishable commodities which our industry furnishes it with. We conclude, then, with our theme : every thing in its place. Commerce, liberty, science, learning, the arts—each and all in their place. We should avoid the heathenish error of deifying secondary causes, and of resting satisfied with that kind of eminence which the vulgar of a former age, both great and small, agreed in calling great. THE LIVERPOOL CABMEN TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SlR,—Through the medium of your excellent paper, allow me to put travellers arriving by the steam-boats or railways on their guard against a deception practiced very generally by the cab and coach men plying in their vicinities. It has been my custom for many years always to reside at one hotel ; but of late I have been prevented going to my accustomed " hostelrie," by a trick which I accidentally discovered had been played upon me by these fellows. A short time ago, on arriving from Dublin, I desired the car man to drive me to an hotel in Ranelagh-street, when I was told "oh ! you need not go there, sir ; they are full. I took a family there this afternoon, and was obliged to go else where.' Upon this, believing his story, I desired him to take me to any other establishment. He drove me into Clayton-square, where I sojourned. Visiting Liverpool again. I was served in a similar manner. On a third occasion I shared the same fate, when, accidentally meeting my old and well-respected host, I informed him of my disappointment in not being able to enjoy any comfort in his excellent house, when he informed me that the carmen—in consequence of his having resisted very successfully their attempts to impose upon some of his guests, and from his refusing to fee them as other houses do for introducing strangers—had deluded persons, and taken them elsewhere, with similar representa tions as made to me. Strangers should, therefore, when they wish to reside at any particular hotel, insist upon being taken there; and ascertain for themselves whether they can be accommodated or not. I am, &c. A TRAVELLER. Liverpool, 10th Nov., 1841. [We understand that the above is practiced to a great extent ; and we trust our contemporaries will put strangers also on their guard. These cabmen are sad fellows.] CORRESPONDENCE TO THE CONSERVATIVE MEMBERS OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF LIVERPOOL. LETTER II GENTLEMEN, — Amongst your high and honourable re sponsibilities, you are entrusted with the management of a portion of public property devoted to the education of the children of the poor in this town. You are aware of the manner in which this was originally done. At a large public meeting, held in the Amphitheatre, on the 13th July, 1836, the Rev. Jonathan Brooks, the chairman, said— " It will most likely be known to all who hear me—at least to the great majority of my hearers—that a few years ago the common council, the acting body of the late corpo ration, thought it right to establish two schools, the one in the north, and the other in the south end of the town, for the purpose of educating the children of the great mass of the people. When they did so, they also thought proper to call in the assistance of the clergy of the established church in the education of the children of those schools. The clergy most willingly obeyed the call, and had great pleasure in giving every assistance in their power.. The religious in struction of those schools was left entirely to the discretion of the clergy. When the municipal bill for altering the system of town councils passed, a different mode of electing that body came into force. Early on the new body coming into office, a communication was sent by the mayor to the clergy, desiring they would continue their services in the schools till something was definitively fixed as to their future management. The clergy most willingly acceded to this re quest. Subsequently an education committee was appointed from the body of the town council, and it has been their pleasure to recommend, and that of the council to adopt, a different system, which is called the Irish system of educa tion." - - - • , • The resolutions of the council adopting this Irish system were thus worded : " 1. That the schools shall open at nine o'clock each morning, and commence by the children singing a hymn from the selections of the commissioners of national educa tion in Ireland, and by the masters reading a portion of the Scriptures from the same selections. " 2. That one hour of each day be devoted to the reli gious instruction of those children whose parents do not ob ject ; and that such hour be in the afternoon, after the school has closed. That the school shall be considered as closed at three o'clock in the winter, and at four o'clock in summer. That instruction be given on Thursday afternoon as on other days, and that Saturday afternoon be considered a holiday. " 3. That the clergy of the different denominations be so licited to attend for these purposes, and that every practical accommodation be afforded them. * Mr. Adam Hodgson said— " 6. That the books of the commissioners in Ireland be adopted, and that they have a fair trial previous to the in troduction of any other." The books of the commissioners of education in Ireland, here referred to, did not include the Bible. The schools in Ireland, previously iu operation and supported by govern ment, did include the Bible, but this was discovered to be a -vital defect, and the new system was introduced to remedy this defect. This is plain from Lord Stanley's letter on the occasion, addressed to his Grace the Duke of Leinster.* Concerning the manner in which this Irish system was in troduced intu this town, the Rev. Augustus Campbell, at the meeting already referred to, said— " I lament, sir, that the education committee, before they decided upon the rules, had not been so kind as to consult you and me upon the subject. The Roman Catholic clergy were so consulted, I believe. It should be known that we were really and bona fide the acting committee. 1 had au thority from the mayor, whose letter I have now in my pocket, wherein he thanks us for past services, and requested us to continue them until further notice. We were really and truly the paramount authority—the schools were con ducted entirely under us. It would certainly have been dis creet and wise to have consulted us, and asked the clergy for their concurrence. This was not done. The thing was de termined upon ; the Irish system was adopted ; and we were compelled to withdraw." The change so introduced was of too important a character to pass sub silentio as a mere matter of business. It involved a great principle. Mr. Brooks said— " The very essence of protestantism p is the free and un shackled use of the Bible. Mr. Sands said— "To take any part of the Bible away—l will not charac terise it as a robbery, though I might he justified in so doing, but I will say, sir, it is a direct interference with the rights and privileges of the rising geueration. Secret things belong to the Lord our God, but the things revealed belong to us and to our children for ever ; if, therefore, we withhold, or attempt to withhold, any part of this revealed treasure, v.e are guilty of a breach of the trust that has been committed to us. " It is our imperative duty, as inhabitants of this town, to stcure for the population of this town, in their schools, the usshackled and unrestrained use of the unmutilated protes * WHILE they (the government) do full justice to the liberal views with which that society (the Kildare-place So ciety) was originally instituted, they cannot but be sensible tint one of its leading principles was calculated to defeat its avrowed objects, as experience has subsequently proved that it has. The determination to enforce in all their schools the rrading of the holy scriptures, without note or comment, was u ndoubtedly taken with the purest motives, with the wish at once to correct religious with moral and literary edu cation, and, at the same time, not to run the risk of wound- 1 ing the peculiar feelings of any sect by catechetical instruc tion, or comments which might tend to subjects of polemical controversy. But it seems to have been overlooked, that the principles of the Roman Catholic Church (to which any sys tem intended for general effusion thr ou g hout Ireland, the bulk of the pupils must necesssarily belong) were totally at variance with this principle; and that the indiscriminate reading of the holy scriptures, without note or comment, by children, must be peculiarly obnoxious to a church whose duties, even to adults, the right of unaided private interpre tation of the sacred volume, with respect to the articles of re ligious belief. Shortly after its institution, although the so ciety prospered and extended its operations under the foster ing care of the legislation, a vital defect organ to be noticed, and the Roman Catholic 'clergy began to exert themselves with energy and success against a system to which they were on principle opposed, and which they feared might lead in its results to proselytism, even although no such object were contemplated by its•proposers. OUR PORTFOLIO.—No. VIII There are many good things in the world spoiled, by being put out of their place. " I pity the man„' says Sterne, " who can travel from Dan to Beersheba, and cry, tis all barren—and so it is, and so is all the world to him who bears about with him a distempered mind." We hate your uni versal denunciators ! but, at the same time, the consciousness that there are ,uch men in the world, should make us cautious and discriminating_ Now there is nothing which tends so effectually to deprive the censorious of a theme, as keeping things exactly in their proper place. This is a matter of the very first importance ; but one often too much neglected—and when so neglected, not unfrequently the cause of direct confusion and trouble. We would name as one instance, that dear and delightful thing called Liberty. Your misanthropes, your Timons, your wholesale satirists, would ask us perhaps to tell them what it is?—would declaim upon the vanity of human wishes and pursuits, and tell us that it is but a plunistone, a dream by which countless multitudes have been beguiled to their destruction, and which has introduced into the world little else than an incalculable amount of evil. Now there is truth in this cutting observation. We cannot deny that the foul est crimes have been committed in the name of liberty ; we cannot deny that rivers of blood have been shed in seeking its attainment, and we cannot deny that the proportion at tained in the world hears no comparison with that which has been found to be unattainable. Is Liberty then not a good thing, or is it a good wholly forbidden to the aspirations of mortals, or wherein has the error consisted? We answer, that the error has consisted in a slight invertion of the order of things—in making liberty wholly an end, when it should he looked for only as an accident. Read the works of our poets ancient and modern, and what epics, what cantos, what odes and sapphires w ill you not find addr e s sed to Liberty. She is converted into a goddess and worshipped ; happiness and misery are at her dispensation, and temples are, or should be, erected to her honour. No wonder if people's heads were turned by such incantations. Nor were our bards the only fools hi this species of ill-regulated enthusiasm; grave philosophers were their associates • multitudes participated in their feelings, and woe betide the man who would venture to utter one word in disparagement of the idol supremely worshipped by so many. We would only remark that unless the term " liberty" have some conventional meaning, (which it frequently has,) this deification of liberty in the abstract, is a species of heathenism quite unworthy of au age which enjoys the glorious light of Christianity. A well regulated freedom is the precious, the invaluable incident of a diffused Christianity, and Christian institutions ; sought for independently, or wooed for its own sake, and you grasp a shadow, or embrace perhaps an inani mate carcass. Now Commerce is another of those good things spoiled by this process of undue exaltation. Excellent and valuable as it is, in its place, we find in some men a disposition to extol it beyond measure, and to treat it as a substantive thing, rather then the handmaid, and instrument to something else to be estimated not by its own extent or power, but by the purposes which it subserves. " To you, Gentlemen," says Dr. Charming, in his address to the Mercantile Library Company of Philadelphia, " Com merce is the commanding interest ; and this has no limits but the habitable world. It no longer creeps along the shore, or lingers in accustomed tracks, but penetrates into every inlet, plunges into the heart of uncivilised lands, sends its steam-ships up unexplored rivers, g=irdles the earth with rail roads, and thus breaks down the estrangement of nations. Commerce is a noble calling. It mediates between distinct nations, and makes men' s wants, n ot , as formerly stimula nts to war, but bonds of peace. The universal intellectual ac tivity of which I have spoken, is di IC, in no small degree, to commerce, which spreads the thong its, inventions, and writ ings of great men over the earth, aid gathers scientific and literary men every where into an int ellectual republic. So it carries abroad the Missioanry, the. Bible, such Cross, and is universality to true religion,"—&c. &c. In language as this, it is evident that something w mre is attributed to the commercial principle than, if close ly examined, it will be found to be entitled to. If the I )octor's description were quite correct, commerce and civilisation, commerce and Christianity, would be found moving universally hand in hand, and both alike diffusing blessings through the world ; but, unfortunately, facts do not bear oast the description ; com merce, we are grieved to say, hi ts beets no such angelic missionary to the world. Let us b ike just one passage from George Catlin, on the manners, t :ustoms, and condition of the American Indians in proof of t his assertion ; it is one of the first that comes to our hand,— " The Indians of North America," he says, " are copper-- coloured, with long black hair, black eyes, tall, straight, and. elastic forms, are less than 2,000,000 in number, were origi nally the undisputed owners of the: soil, and got their title to their lands from the Great Spirit who created them on it, were once a happy and flourishing peo p le, enjoying all the comforts and luxuries of life which they knew of, and conse quently cared for ; were 16,000,000 in numbers, and sent that number of daily prayers to the AL-nighty, and thanks for his goodness and protection. Their country was entered by white men, but a few hundred y e ars since • and 30,000,00.0 of these are now scuttling for the goods and ' luxuries of life, over the bones and ash es of 12,000,000 of red men ; 6,000,000 of whom have fallen victims to. the small-pox, and the re mainder to the sword, the bayonet, and whiskey; all of which taut version of the sacred Scriptures. Mr. Campbell said— " The Roman Catholic clergy were consulted as to whe ther they would permit the use of prayer in the schools. They said their children could riot join in prayer with other sects. Therefore prayer has been excluded. For the same reason the Bible has been excluded during school hours. We are permitted to take the Bible when the schools are closed, This is the only permission, I believe, given us by the written law."t Gentlemen, this subject, as you well know, has been dis cussed ever since. The town has been appealed to again and again. Your clergy, your parliamentary representatives, your candidates for municipal honours—all have reiterated this appeal. The constituencies have responded ; and at the earliest possible opportunity, the first retirement of a section of the aldermen in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act, you find yourselves in a majority in the coun cil. Can you hesitate as to what you will do with the schools ? Can you hesitate about the exclusion of the " Irish and the introduction of the Bible avowedly and unrestrictedly into the use of the schools? Can you hesitate about adopting a resolution that the Bible shall be read by all the children i❑ your schools who are capable of reading? Can you hesitate about inviting again the co-operation of those Christian ministers who will co-operate with the Bible, but who cannot co-operate without it? Can you hesitate about thus giving to the inspired word of God its lawful place of unrivalled ascendancy over all compositions of men, however excellent in themselves ? Can you, by putting it upon a level with anything else—by subjecting it to the same treatment with anything else—by allowing its use or disuse to be a matter of discussion, like anything else—can you, by any such hesitation, imply that you do not believe it to he, what nothing else is, the word of God himself ? extracts, _.„ No, gentlemen ; I feel assured you cannot—will not. You will be tempted, however. Your political opponents—who, while they had the power, carried tneir measures by tyrant majorities, without any charitable consideration of the feel ings of Protestants—will now adopt the soft voice of flattery, and entice you to make a character for liberality by consider ing charitably the feelings of Roman Catholics. They will say to you, " surer• you wouldn't insist upon the children of poor Roman Catholic parents reading the author- ised version of the Scriptures." Gentlemen, be assured this is not the voice of affection, emanating from poor Roman Catholic parents ; but the voice of faction, emanating from Roman Catholic priests: I appeal to facts. The poor Roman Catholics do not object to their children reading the authorised version of the Bible. It requires all the authority of their priests, in repeated exercise, to prevent them from sending their children to schools in avowed connexion with the Established Church. In truth, they cannot be prevented, and multitudes of children of Roman Catholic parents are at this moment in Church of England schools in this town ; reading inot only the authorised version of the Bible, but also the Catechism and other formularies of the National Church. The clergy of this town have consented to, I should rather say have been forward to avow and impress a distinction be tween the word of God and the formularies, however excel lent, of the church. In drawing up rules for the management of the Collegiate Institution, now in progress, they decided to use the formalities of the church, as a matter of course, for church children ; but not to enforce them upon all as they do and must enforce the reading of the Scriptures. In this distinc tion they have the hearty concurrence of the most distin guished of the laity of all ranks iu the town and county, hacked by contributions approaching £20,000. Gentlemen, I venture to express my conviction that this distinction will commend itself to you for adoption in your schools. I am strong in the assurance that on this great question you are triumphantly unanimous, as it was the influence of this great question, far beyond any others, that gave you your triumph- ant majority_ Doubts have, indeed, been expressed, and some faint hopes of differences and difficulties among you have been excited in your opponents, by the published report of the proceedings at your meeting on Tuesday last, on the subject of the edu cation committee. But, gentlemen, your best friends in the town feel satisfied of what it may be well and wise plainly to state to some of your own body—namely, that the differences which appeared on Tuesday do not reach the question of what is to be done with the schools, but only how it is to be done? if we understand you aright, you are not only deter mined that the good thing shall be done, but also laudably anxious that " your good should not be evil spoken of," and therefore that it should be done in the best possible manner. The education committee, of whomsoever composed, will, of course, be so constructed as to carry out, in the great ques tion now under review, the determination of the majority of the council. The selection of the individuals, therefore, who shall compose that committee (the only difficulty now remain ing.) is a matter of practical wisdom, rather than fundamental principle. There is no one member of your body so per sonally identified' with the school question as to render his individual election on that committee a matter of principle. Here, then, is a matter to which the advice, respectfully submitted to your consideration in my former letter, fully applies. I speak not of your avowed opponents in all things, I marvel how any unitarian or Roman catholic member of the council, if you bad one, could submit, if he could avoid it, to be placed on such a committee—a manifest cypher in influence, yet lending his apparent sanction and co-operation to measures which he must repudiate. But among yourselves we look first to measures, not to men. In determining on the great measure to be adopted in the case of the schools, you consult for your own principles, your own consistency, and the clearly expressed opinions of your constituencies. In determining upon the men by whose special instrumen tality that measure is to' be carried into effect, you are at liberty, I think, perhaps.lshould rather say, you are bound to consult for the good feeling of that section of the com- munity, who are not so decidedly with you in the measure, as to be above the consideration of the difference between the men. If some of your men be personally objectionable, for any cause, or without any cause, to that class of the com munity, why should you needlessly obtrude them on your Education Committee, when by selecting others the f)rtiter in re loses nothing ; and the suariter in modo gains much ? Why should such men wish them selves to be on the , committee ? What can the great cause gain by it ? Were 1 among you, and such a man, I would say to you, Gentlemen, I entreat that you will not place my name on that committee ; there is no principle in volved in it ; if there were, I would not, could not swerve, but there is not. It is wholly a personal affair. I cannot be unconscious of, perhaps I do not dislike, the charge of ultra ism connected with my name. I hope it is by my uncom promising faithfulness to my principles that I have incurred that charge. But here is a matter in which it may damage our cause with some, and cannot advance it with any ; I beg therefore that you will proceed with our great measure, leaving my name off the list of its special conductors. My lctte: is already too long. But if I could enlarge still further; and add persuasion to argument, I would with all the energy of faithful affection implore you to remember that although your majority is decisive and triumphant, it is not such as to warrant any of you in dividing the whole council upon any great question whereon you are divided yourselves ; neither should any of you move in the council, in an insu lated extemporaneous manner, without previous consulta tion. Be so good as to read my former letter in connection with this. Excuse my freedom—Cultivate a disposition to agree. Yours, FIDUS AC II ATES. Liverpool, Nov. 11th, 1841. t The framers of the written law here referred to, have been, it seems, practically violating their own statute, with out having the honest boldness to avow their disapprobation of it, and openly to rescind it. CORPORATION SCHOOLS TO THE CONRERVATIVE MEMBERS OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF LIVERPOOL. GENTLETsIEN,—Permit me to congratulate you on the proud position which you now occupy in the municipal government of this great commercial town, and to express the high sense which I entertain of the true British feeling, moral courage, and patriotic spirit displayed by your respec tive constituencies at the late elections, in order to place you in a majority in the Council Chamber. That object has been secured by a success which has outstripped our most sanguine expectations, and for which the thanks of all who feel interested in the triumph of constitutional principles, and the preservation of the Protestant Church, are justly due. It fell to my lot three years ago—though following in the wake of other and abler men—to take a prominent part iv exposing the heretical character and destructive tendencl of the new system of education in the corporation schools That system was introduced by the radical majority of the Town * Council, and forced upon the town, amid loud and general remonstrance—a remonstrance which was felt so galling as to induce the patrons and abettors of the plan to modify some of its worst features, but which proved ineffec tual for the expulsion of the plan itself. The obnoxious system is therefore still in the schools. But the time is now come for the subject to be re-considered, with the prospect of far more auspicious results. And if I can assist in re opening the discussion, which I candidly admit is the direct object of my letter, I shall have attained my end. But in doing this, I must beg leave most respectfully to state some of the reasons, which, in my opinion, will fully justify you as magistrates and members of the corporation, in removing at once from the schools the objectionable system in question, and replacing it by one more scriptural and less heterogeneous. 1. Consider the responsibility attached to the exercise of civil power and authority. It is written in the pages of the inspired volume, that " there is no power but of God : the powers that be are ordained of God." No matter what form that power may assume in human governments, or how numerous the intermediate steps by which it descends to man, God is the true source from whence it is derived, and his glory the end for which it is to be wielded. He is the supreme Head and moral Governor of th e universe ; but He has thought fit in divine compassion to mankind, and for the more convenient administration of their n ational affairs, to delegate his authority to men, and to constitute such es his subordinate agents in the government of the world. All officials therefore invested with power,—say in our own beloved country, from the sovereign down to the policeman and constable, are amenable to Almighty God for the use of that power, and their responsibility varies only with tle extent Of their power. '`The God of Israel said, Hethat t ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God." 2 Sam. xsiii. 3. You, as borough m agistrates, and members of the cor poration of this large and wealthy town, are invested with n o small degree of power, but hold a cons.picuous place among the rulers of the land. The influence of your exam ple in the discharge of your magisterial and corporate duties will extend far beyond the limits of the borough ; and th, character of your public measures will attract attentioa throughout the length and breadth of the empire. The duties of lightins, paving, and improving the town, and affording to all its inhabitants full protection of life and property may be efficiently discharged without entailing IV" ourselves much personal inconvenience, or causing any sen- , ationin the public mind. But the moment you undertake :o remodel the system of education in the corporation schools, and to rid the children of the poor from the cor rupting influence of the one now in operation, your religious principles and moral courage will necessarily be put to the test, and every step you take will involve you in a degree of responsability truly fearful and overwhelming. Nevertheless, inasmuch as you are, in your capacity of the powers that be " ordained of God," you have a solemn duty to discharge in reference to those schools, from which I trust you will not shrink. You must discharge it in all faithfulness to God, as well as in all fairness to your fellow townsmen. 2. Consider the character of the system at present in force. The children of Roman Catholic parents are regu larly taught by the authorised masters and monitors, in the absence of the priests, the Romish catechism, which con tains the most oblectionable doctrines of tee Romish creed : such as " the infallibility of the church in matters of faith " —" that the souls of the righteous must, after death, dis. charge the debt of some mortal sins in the lire of purga tory "—" that doing the pen ance imposed by the priest is satisfaction for sins committed after baptism f '—" that some sins are venial and do not kill The soul ."—"A prayer to the Virgin Mary."—" That it is lawful to honour relics, cruci fixes and holy pictures as memorials of Christ and his saints."—" That by fasting men may satisfy God for their sins."—" That the holy eucharist is the true body and blood of Christ under the appearances of bread and wine." " That the mass is the unbloody sacrifice of the body and blood of Christ''-ar7:l - otI:e; - blasi:11emies equally false and contra dictory to the word of God. lam confident yon would shrink with horror from the inculcation of these corrupt doctrines on your own children : as consistent and honest men, you cannot do otherwise, as regards any children in structed under your immediate patronage, and by your paid masters. It may be replied, that you ought to consult the wishes of the parents, and to forego your own predilections in favour of theirs in this niattei. If it were possible for you to trans fer from yourselves the responsibility at the same time, and make the parents alone answerable to God for the conse quences, it might be done ; but as God will hold you respon sible for your own acts, and will not allow the parents of the children instructed to be regarded as the keepers of your consciences, you have no alternative left but to adopt and enforce a system of education which you believe to be in strict harmony with the will of God, and calculated to be highly beneficial to the children themselves. If, in the adop tion of such a system, you appear to give offence to certain parties in the town, you will still have the satisfaction of knowing that the fault will then lie, not in yourselves, or your plan, but in the objectors; for there are parties whose temporal interest it is to withhold from the poor the bless ings of a scriptural education. They will not openly say so, but will labour to hide their real sentiments by starting such objections as will appear plausible to the public, and vexa tious to yourselves. To yield to such would be an act of moral madness. If you are prevented from giving to the children of the poor Roman Catholics such scriptural instruction and moral training as you deem essential for your own offspring, you must wash your hands from the business altogether; for no man in his right mind would patronise and sanction a system, in the public charity schools, which he might not any day introduce and enfo:ce in his own family. You mnst " love your neighbours as yourselves," and not have one description of education at home, and another of a diametrically opposite character in the Corporation Schools. And when you treat the children of the poor as you do your own, you leave the objectors no fair ground of opposition. Proceeding on this principle, your first duty will be to banish from the schools the Popish catechism, the Popish extracts, and all such books as contain the corrupt doctrines of the apostate church of Rome. - You are bound in faithfulness to God, and in fairness to the children themselves to do it. If it be objected that such a step will drive the Roman Catholic children from the schools. Be it so. Your answer will be ready, that you cannot sell your conscience to please the papists, or sanction the teaching of such false doctrines and superstitious practices to the inoffensive children of the poor as will endanger the salvation of their souls. Or if it be ob jected, that as all parties contribute to the funds, it is but fair that all should be equally educated ; we admit the justice of the objection, and fully concur in it, by saying that the schools will be open to ALL , without a n y distinction of creed, language, or colour. The best kind of instruction will be offered to all alike, and the children of the Romanists will be admitted to the full enjoyment of all the advantages and privileges conferred on the children of the Protestants. What can be fairer ? But, if it be attempted to force this last objection a step further, by saying, that as all religious denominations contribute to the corporation funds, out of which the schools are supported, it is but fair that all should be educated in their own way. To this we demur, and we think we can assign a substantial reason for so doing. The payment of rates im posed upon the inhabitants of the town by the competent authorities becomes a duty which every one liable is bound to discharge as a matter of conscience. For it is written, " Render to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is due ; custom to whom custom ; fear to whom fear ; honour to whom honour."—Rom. xiii. But when payment is made the ratepayers have done with the matter—they have dis charged their duty, and their conscience is not further affected. The responsibility has passed with the money from them into your hands, and with you it entirely remains. And when you come to apply a portion of those rates in edu cating the children of the poor, you have the same infallible law to guide you in the disposal as the inhabitants had to direct them in the payment of such rates. The simple command—" Train up a child in the way he should yo," is an epitome of that law, and is, at the same time, so clear and simple as to leave no room for mistake. Nothing must be taught the children within the precincts of your schools, which will not stand the test of Holy Scriptures, or which will require to be untaught at some subsequent period, in order to secure their eternal happiness. If it be still argued that you might, in fairness, yield to them in this point, and let them have their own way, I re join, that it is just as fair that they should yield to you, and let you have your own way. And as the responsibility rests with you, it is .more than fair—it is right, and only right— that you should be allowed, without annoyance, to pursue such a plan as will enable you to answer for it without re morse at the last day. Gentlemen, your constituencies will expect you to do your duty, and will await your determination with intense inte rest—fiat justitia ruat ccetunt. I remain, sirs, your most obedient servant, DAVID JAMES. Kirkdale, Nov. 11, 1841. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STAND.4RD. Stn,—l take the liberty through the medium of your paper of making known a discovery to which I think I may safely lay claim. Asthma is generally supposed to be a disease of the lungs, but in the course of a series of experiments I have been mak ing lately, I feel convinced that the lungs are only secon darily affected, and that asthma, in almost every case, arises from spasmodic action of the abdominal muscles, which will be found to have lost their expansive power. Acting upon this principle, I have given relief, during the last fortnight, in upwards of thirty cases, and shall be happy to prove the value of my discovery to any gentleman—medi cal or otherwise—interested in the subject. If the above remarks are found correct,—of which I have uo doubt—a new era has commenced in the history and treat went of the diseases of the lungs.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, DENIS CRONIN. Dispensary for the Diseases of the Lungs and Heart, Oldham street, Nov. 11, 1841. THE QUEEN DOWAGER (From the London Standard of Tuesday.) We are happy to state that the bulletin received at Marl borough House this morning is more favourable. The follow ing is a copy : " The Queen Dowager has bad some refreshing sleep in the night, and her majesty, on the whole, appears less languid this morning. (Signed) " DAVID DAVIES, M.D. " Sudbury Hall, November 8,1841." In consequence of reports of an unfavourable nature being very prevalent regarding the state of her majesty's health, we deemed it our duty to make prompt inquiry at Marlborough House, to ascertain whether there was any foundation for such rumours; and we are happy to say, that though no further bulletin had reached Marlborough House than the one received this morning, and -published above, yet we are in formed that private letters, addressed to different members of the household, which reached town at the same time, speak more favourably of her majesty's health than even the bulletin itself. Marlborough House has been crowded all day with anxious inquiries from the principal nobility and gentry, now resident in town. Lord Stanley, in answer to a deputation from Scotland, assured the gentlemen who waited on him that the subject of emigration was under the serious consideration of her Majesty's ministers. It is asserted in well-informed quarters that a sense of duty to the nation will impel the Earl of Aberdeen to advise the Queen—if indeed his lordship has not already done so — to revoke the appointment of Capt. Elliot to the consul generalship of Texas. In taking such a step, however dis agreeable to the noble earl's feelings, public opinion would fully support the Foreign Secretary. - According to a statement just completed, there appears to be a balance of cash and securities placed to the credit of various accounts in Chancery to the extraordinary amount of forty-two millions sterling and upwards. SHROPSHIRE CONSERVATIVE FESTIVAL.—The celebra tion, takes place this day. The Earl of Powis will occupy the chair, supported by THE TWELVE, and by the following noblemen and gentlemen :—The Earls of Liverpool and Bradford, Lord Forester, Sir F. Burdett, Bart. M.V., Sir W. W. Wynn. Bart. M.P., Sir John Hanmer, Bart. M.P., Right Hon. C. W. Wynn, M.P., Sir John Walsh, Bart. M.P., W. R. Ormsby Gore, Esq., M.P., (for Sligo), G. C. Legh, Esq., M.P.,Townsend Maiuwaring, Esq., M.P., Iluzh Cholmondeley, Esq., M.P., P. G. Egerton, Esq., M.P., Sir W. Cockburn, Bart. Edward Rogers, Esq., (Stannage Park), Panton Corbett, Esq., &c., &c. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland have arrived at Leaton Knolls, the seat of J. A. Lloyd, Esq., and intend to honour the Festival with their presence. A person passing through Alnwick, and observing upon a door, " Haswell, surgeon, &c." remarked that the gentleman would be as well without the H. A number of gentlemen in Glasgow, who disapprove of public news-rooms being kept open and frequented on the Lord's day, have resolved to establish one which shall be entirely shut on the Sabbath. The whole works on the line of the Edinburgh and Glas gow Railway, it is said, are expected to be completed by the middle of the present month, when that imp or t ant li n k be tween the two first cities in Scotland will be open to the public. Sir Arthur Aston, it is said, has presented to Queen Isa bella an autograph letter from her Majesty Queen Victoria, congratulating her on the failure of th e attempt o f t h e 7th. Th e young Queen, itis stated, w as most sens i b l y a ff ecte d a t this mark of affection on the part of our most gracious sove- RAILWAY TO WARWICK o perated with severa l gentlemeno I AN") LEANIINGTON.—The di rectors of the London andßirminghamt i ß ninfluenceay hianvleveaor: wick shire for the pur pose of constructing a branch ra ilwa y from their line at Coventry (through Kenilworth) to War wick and Leamin gton . TIIE MUNICIPAL ELECT IONS. —B 7 a return in the Morning H erald of the result of the principal municipal elections through the country, we learn that 367 conservative councillors have been returned, whilst the radicals have only 271. CHURCH PASTORAL AID SOCIETY.—We are glad to find that the excellency of this institution is deservedly growing in public estimation, a nd that the Principality of Wales is becoming more sensible of the debt of gratitude which it owes for the liberal grants made for the supply of ministerial aid in our populous parishes. A strong evidence that this feeling is increasing was afforded on Tuesday, the 24th ult., in the parish church of Nevern, Pembrokeshire, where a sermon was preach ed in Support of this admirable society by the Rev. Jon ah Rees, of Loughor, to au overflowing and most a ttentive c on g re g ation ; when, after a powerful appeal made in b ehalf of the thousands who inhabit our populous d i str icts, destitute o f the means of grace, a collection Wass ma d e which more tha n doubled that of the previous year, amoun ting to the considerable su m of £l4 10s.. proving thereby that their national gratitude to the society, h i g h estimation in which they hold the religiou s privileges t heir peaceful Ransil has enjr - iyed during Year s long gone fry.