The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-04-22 00:00:00

TUESDAY .1/0!IA/NG, APRIL 22, 1815 The meeting to be held io this town to-morrow for the purpose of establishing in Liverpool a branch society, to co-operate with the society in London of which the Marquis of Norrnanby is chairman, in an effort to improve the health of large towns by means of effective measures of sanatory legislation, deserves the support of every friend of humanity in Liverpool. The conviction is fast establishing itself in the minds of those who have most intimately and closely watched their working, that the local acts at present in existence, and iven that which came into operation last year, have failed, to a great extent, in bringing about the results which were antici pated from them. The attempt to remove the mass of our working population from the occupation of cellars and confined courts has been found to be attended with many difficulties, and to be only par tially practicable; the regulation of buildings, under that act, has been evaded in a variety of ways; the sewerage and drainage of the streets progresses at a rate far too stow to meet the requirements of our growing population, or to render it at all likely that, within any reasonable time, we shall succeed in removing from our town the stigma of being one of the most unhealthy, if not the most unhealthy loea- lily in the united kingdom. Under these circum stances. we naturally look, for a more effectual remedy, to the effect of some general and compul sory measure to be devised by the legislature; and we conceive that we cannot better advance such a measure than by placing our town, by means of a branch society, in a position to co-operate with the influential body in London who are urging the sub ject upon the attention of Parliament. A report on the sanatory condition of the large towns in Lancashire, by Dr. Lyon Playfair, contains some facts hearing upon the unhealthy condition of Liverpool, and suggestions for its cure, which we need not apologise for bringing, in anticipation of the meeting to-morrow, before our readers. The first part of this subject to which Dr. Playfair addresses himself is the injurious effect upon health of deficient sewerage and drainage, which he proves by a mass of stattstcal evidence too convincing to be disputed. In all the large towns of Lanca , hire, he shows that mortality is greater in proportion to the want or insufficient nature of such drainage. What, then, is the condition of Liverpool in this respect ? Dr. Duncan estimates the length of inha bited streets in Li erpool at about 571 miles, and of streets wholly or partially severed at 251. We _ . have, therefore, 32 miles of inhabited streets which are totally unprovided with those necessary adjuncts to health and cleanliness. But a graver considera tion, and one in some measure reflecting upon our sense of justice, remains behind. "These 25 miles of sewered streets," he states, "are very um qually divided ami , n4st the different classes of the inhabitants; for, while rf 243 streets, measuring about 20 miles, inhabited chiefly by the working population, only 56, measuring about four miles, are sewer6d ; the proportion of sewerage chiefly occupied by other classes of society is 179 stree s, measuring about 21 2 miles." How far does this state of our sewerage go to account for the fact that whilst the average age at death of gentry and professional persons in Liver pool is 43, the poor operatives condemned to dwell in these undr,:ined and unhealthy localities die at an average age of 15 years ? Dr. Playfair thus accounts, in part, for the un fairness towards the owners of poor dwellings, and very ably combats its policy : "I am inclined to impute this circumstance, to the system of constructing sewers on general rates. The owners of streets where the property is of a valuable description, contributing, therefore, m a large proportion to the rates, naturally expect that their property should be the first improved ;"but 'in an enlarged and enlightened policy, the propriety of such expectaii,ns is very ques tionable. The great object of aevierage is to remove the •refuse, which accumulates wherever human beings con f4reAttic occu a... further proofs will be afforded in this report, that the absence of means for removing such refuse is the cause of much disease and great mortality. The rich are not exposed to this evil to the same extent as the poorer classes; the latter congregate more closely together, and have net the means or opportunity of employing the expensive modes resorted to by the higher classes of society for removing filtn or ensuring cleanliness, either in their dwellings or vicinity. Toe absence of facilities for cleansing in the houses of the upper classes, therefore, only entails an additional expenditure, which is always incurred. Not so with the poorer classes: the absence of such facilities with them forms an insurmountable barrier to cleanline , is ; and they necessarily acquire those filthy habits which entail upon them all the concomitant evils of immorality, disease, and death. The results inevitably flowing from this state of things cause an immense burden upon public charity, as will be more fully shown when I consider the expense of sickness in Liver pool. At present, it may be sufficient to state that the cost of the excess of sickness and of death in the parish of Liverpool over the amount of sickness and death in other towns of an average mortality, is much more per annum than the whole amount of money expended in the sewerage of the town. This burden to the community is -not imposed by localities inhabited by the wealthy classes, but by those districts which hitherto have been too much •overlooked in the endeavour to promote structural im provements. The mere drainage of such localities might not remove, but would materially relieve, this enormous pecuniary burden, to say nothing of the alleviations of ...more momentous evils." We may add, as another reason of this apparent neglect of the sewerage of the poor districts of the town, and to remove from the authorities the stig ma, which might he attempted to be fastened upon them, of inattention to the health of the poor, the fact that up to this time all the means at their dis posal have been exhausted by the formation of the main sewers—the great arteries—which naturally are formed through the widest and best streets. It may be said why have the means of the present authorities been so greatly beneath the requirements of the case ? We ans.ver that those authorities have attempted to procure more ample means, and have failed, from the opposition offered to them by the parish. Nearly half a century ago they ap plied for a bill containing many of the provisions and powers now recommended, but were compelled by the opposition in question to withdraw it. In In 1830 they applied again, and procured the bill under whose provisions the present sewers have been constructed ; but a similar opposition crippled the powers sought, which has produced the defici ency of sewerage and draining which Dr. Playfair notices. The authorities, therefore, are not the parties at whose door the blame of the existing evil, so far as sewerage is concerned, should be laid. They have ,'one all within their power with the limited means at their disposal. It is clear, then, that some effort must be made to secure a more efficient state of this department of our sanatoria] remedies. We must have, in the first instance—to quote the evidence of Mr. Samuel Holme—" a perfect system of public sewers : there must be arteries before we can have a free circula tion through the veins." And, these arteries being made, we must have a power placed somewhere of enforcing and of regulating the construction of pri vate drains to communicate with them. Imperfect as the sewerage of Liverpool is consi dered to be by Dr. Playfair, the scavenging is not less so ; and that effective scavenging is a very material conducive to health, is generally admitted. To our local readers we need not adduce any evidence beyond. that of their own senses to shew that many of our best streets are very inefficiently cleansed, and that most of the streets inhabited -by the poorer classes are in a most filthy and noxious state. To remedy this evil, the report before us states that— " The powers in the metropolitan and Liverpool acts are not sufficiently summary, and, conseqpently, are nearly inoperative." In proof of the insufficiency of the powers given by our local act to regulate the building of courts, Dr. Playfair adduces the following very conclusive statement : " The melancholy facts elicited by the examination of the town surveyors of Liverpool show that in the twelve parochial wards of that town (that is, exclusive of the four extra parochial wards.) there are no less than 55,531 per sons living in courts, some of which are of the most ob jectionable construction. Out of 1982 courts examined by the surveyors, only 478. or less than one fourth, were found to be open in the front and back, so as to admit a current of air through them. Many courts and narrow streets were run up in Liverpool previous to the operation of the Health Act, with the express intention of escaping its salutary clauses ; and ever since this act has been brought into operation, mean have been found to evade its intentions, as shown by Mr. Aspinall, who states that, to elude the clauses enacting a width of fifteen feet for courts, this width is kept merely at the entrance, the rows of houses then going up in wedge shape, and branching off like a tree, so that what is nominally a court, becomes a ravaged street, there being no regulation as to its depth. igokrit of the act is further evaded by running up Dr. Playfair adds, as a comment upon this state ment— "The result is very striking, that while byth sets of courts possessed the enormously hizh mortal;ty of 5 4- lOrhs per cent., more than 22 persons in every 100 in the undrained cgurts had serious cases of illness, and only 10 in every 100 in the drained courts." Another evidence of the great amount of sickness produced from confined and ill-cleansed dwellings, is contained in a table drawn up from, returns fur nished by the Treasurer of the Old Church Paro chial Charity Schools, Liverpool, shewing the ave rage number of children absent from sickness, living in different classes of tenements. From this return we find, that in Moorfields Schools, the pro portion of boys living in houses and absent from sickness was 3 per cent., and of those living in cel lars 19 per cent.; the proportion of girls in houses 2 1-sth, and in cellars 16 per cent.; of infants in houses 6, and in cellars no less than 70 per cent. ! In St. Matthias's, the proportions were—boys in houses, 4 1-sth, and in cellars 10 per cent; girls in houses 5 9-10ths. and in cellars 15 3-10:hs per cent. ; infants in houses 2 3-10ths, and in cellars 241 per cent. The houses referred to, and which shew such an advantage in point of health, contain on an average four families in each ; and we may well ask, what unwholesome dens must be the cellars ? `VF ask our raiders and thosp of our felluw townsmen who do not ordinarily take their opinions from us, to weigh these facts and their hearing attentively. If you like, leave out of view, for the present, the question of humanity involved in the subject, and look at it purely as an economical question. What a tax upon the means and the energies of our suffering population is this vast amount of sickness, which results so plainly from inefficient sanatorial regulation ! Two out of every nine inhabitants of our badly drained courts are annually visited with serious illness, which we might mitigate, if not even prevent ; and the loss to the families of those so afflicted may take months, and even years of striving, to make up for. Besides this, the community has to contribute the funds for their medical treatment, to maintain permanently prema ture widowhood and orphanage, and to draw largely from the poor rates for the tempor ar y su pp or t o f hun dreds of families. Such a sanatory improvement of the town as would raise it to even an average healthy condition would, we do not hesitate to say, contri bute more to elevate the condition of our working classes, to induce amongst them increased habits of cleanliness, improved morals, temperance, and education, than any legislation which could be de vised, or any amount of commercial prosperity which could be achieved ; and we are equally satisfied that its cost would be abundantly repaid to those from whom the necessary funds would have to be drawn, in the decrease of crime and pauperization which it would create. In corroboration of our own belief, let us turn to the evidence and the opinion of Dr. Playfair upon this part of the subject. A table compiled by him, " shewing the excess in loss of life, beyond that of Ulverstone," in a number of the towns of Lanca shire, gives the general result that— " There are every year in Lancashire 14,000 deaths and 398,000 cases of sickness which might be prevented, and that 11,000 of the deaths consist of adults engaged in productive labour. It further shows, that every indi vidual in Lancashire loses 19 sears, or nearly one half of the proper term of his life, and that every adult loses more than ten years of life, and, from premature old age and sickness, much more than that period of working ability. Without taking into consideration the diminu tion of the physical and mental energies of the survivor, from sickness, and other depressing causes; without esti mating the loss from the substitution of young and in experienced labour for that which is skilful and produc tive; without including the heavy burdens incident to the large amount of preventible widowhood and orphanage; without calculating the loss from the excess of births, re sulting from the excess of deaths, or the cost of the maintenance of an infantile population, nearly one-half of which is swept off befbre it attains two gears of aye, and about 59 per cent. of which never become adult pro ductive labourers: and with data in every case much bek,w the truth, I estimate the actual pecuniary burdens borne by the community in the support of removable dis ease and death in Lancashire alone at the annual sum of five midions of pounds sterling." Of this large amount the proportion of sacrifice put down to Liverpool and West Derby alone is £1,310,974! Another table,—and we impress this fact upon our newly constituted select vestry,—shews that, on the 18th March, 1844, the parishes of Li verpool and West Derby were supporting in their workhouses 435 orphan and 123 deserted children ; and were giving out-door relief to 2411 widows, with 2660 children dependent upon them. Need we in quire how much any sanatory measure by which a greater average duration of life could be conferred upon our working classes, would tend to diminish the vast outlay which we are now making for the maintenance of these unfortunates ? There is an argument which has been frequently adduced that the unhealthiness of Liverpool is in great part attributable to the constant influx of a migratory population, by whom disease is introduced and the apparent mortality of the stationary popu lation thereby increased; and that, from this pecu liarity in our position, Liverpool is not capable of the same degree of sanatorial improvement as other large towns. Dr. Playfair, however, as the result of an elabo rate inquiry arrives at the following totally opposite conclusions, viz., that— " The migratory population of Liverpool is a much more healthy class thin the residents of that town. " That the migratory population consists chiefly of adults. " That the deaths occurring among such a population must give an appearance of longe7ity to Liverpool, to which it is not entitled. " That the proportion of the population to deaths is elevated by migrants. and that Liverpool is thus rendered apparently more healthy than it re a ll y i s . Tnat the opinion of the Health Committee as to a great influx of the starving population of manufacturing towns in the digressed years is erroneous, being based upon the mortality of a half year, which showed a great excess over that of the half year preceding, and of all periods since." We are compelled, by other demands upon our space, to limit our extracts from this valuable re TO CORRESPONDENTS. The letter of R. 0. is well deserving of publicity, but we could not find room for it. The increased Ppeed of the trains from London on the Ist of May will enable us to give much later intelligence to our country readers: and we hope in an early town edition to give even more recent news than is now in our power. Übe Ziberpool houses of a disproportionate height to the width of the courts. The evil is still further increased by a most objectionable power given by the act, of reducing the width of the entrance by the erection of ash pits and pri vies, so that the air, entering by its only inlet, has to pass over these, and take up putrid emanations before it reaches the court itself. Fortunately the health committee per ceive the great evil of this power. and have, as much as possible, prevented it being carried into effect. The courts in Liverpool and in other towns are of course very inefficiently ventilated, and, drum their open cesspools, possess an atmosphere far from salubrious. The houses on each side of a court are fregnently built back to back, so that the court, already insufficiently ventilated, is made up of houses still worse in this respect ; for few will be inclined to subscribe to the opinion of the health commit tee of the Town Council that this form does not prevent sufficient ventilation, " as each room has three ovnings, viz. a door, a window, and a chimney." This might be sufficient •hen the houses exist in ventilated situations, but wi'h nothing but the already vitiated atmosphere of courts containing open cesspools to aid in the ventilation, hack-to-back houses cannot be considered dwellings of proper construction." We cannot go into the description of the various other deficiencies of senatorial regulation noticed by Dr. Playfair as existing in Liverpool, but must endeavour to brin . g, into prominent notice the amount of sickness thereby produced amongst our popula t;on, and the consequent loss of time and money which this sickness involves. This part of the sub ject, however, we cannot approach with the same correctness of detail which is attainable in arriving at the comparative mortality produced, owing to the want of accurate returns of sickness. From one table furnished in Dr. Playfair's report, we find that in Vauxhall Ward, where 58 1-sth per cent. of the population live in courts and cellars, and the drainage, sewerage, and scavenging are notoriously defective, the proportion of fever cases terminating fatally is as 1 to 27 of the entire popu lation of the ward ; whilst in Rodney-street and Ahercromby Wards, where only 22 2-sths of the inhabitants live in cellars and courts, and those of a superior description as to drain ge and verrila tion, the proportion of fever cases is only as 1 to 237. This return certainly does not give us the correct statistics of the comparative amounts of sickness in the districts mentioned, inasmuch as it confines itself to sickness terminating fatally. It conveys to us the appalling fact, however, that 1 in every 27 of the population of Vauxhall die annually of a disease which every medical man acknowledges is, in a great degree, remediable by attention to proper sanatory regulation. The full extent of the sickness induced by the want of such regulations is shown in the following return relating to Liver pool : Annual Ann No' c Cases of Inha- Number of Dis- T re, Sickness bi- of pensary g 0 to tants. Deaths. Cases. 7, Persons. 1 in 1 in 15 Courts sufficiently drained 15 Courts badly drained 1366 74 307 IS 4-Inths THE LIVERPOOL. RTAN DA R D port. We trust, however, that we have already adduced sufficient evidence to shew the necessity, and even the advantage in an economical view, of a resolute effort being made to place our town in a better sanatory condition. We are called upon not only as Christians and humane men, but as rate payers even, to take steps to arrest the frightful mortality and suffering which are going on around Ili; and we now proceed to point out briefly the mode in which Dr. Playfair recommends us to set about the task. The first step appears to be the consolidation of the various authorities appointed under the local acts of Liverpool, who possess at present inconsistent and conflicting powers. Thus the Health Committee has no control over the cleansing and sewering of the streets, but interferes with the Sewerage Committee in the paving and sewering, of courts. It has no authority, in fact, to carry out the most material objects for which it seems to have been constituted. The Cleansing Committee has no power over the sewerage and watering of the streets, and is therefore most in effective. The Fire Committee is at present without any control over the supply of water ; and the Sewerage and Paving Committee possesses powers with regard to main drainage, but none to compel house drainage; whilst the monopoly of the two Water Companies appears to stand in the way of the efficient operation of all the others. A more inconsistent jumble of conflicting powers than the whole present it is scarcely possible to conceive! A measure to revise and consolidate these powers Dr. Playfair regards as being imperatively neces sary. The next step, to improve the drainage and sewerage of the town, is an alteration of the mode of raising the necessary expense. We have already quoted Dr. Playfair's opinion of the tendency of the system at present in operation in Liverpool of paying for the formation of sewers by a general rate. He would have substituted for it a distribution of the charges of improvement, under a proper authority, and their repayment in a term of years by the occupiers of property, except in the case of cottage property, when it might be charged to the owners, and, if need be, a per centage allowed for its collec tion from their weekly or monthly tenants. The other remedies proposed are more frequent awl effective scavenging, and along with this a better supply of water, not only for street cleansing, but for household cleansing, as well ; the removal of open cesspools and middens, and other similar steps, to ensure a wholesome air ; an improvement of the dwellings of the poor; the better regulation of lodging-houses; and an inspection of the state of the schools frequented by the children of the poor. An additional measure of great importance, founded upon the evidence of Mr. Samuel Holme, is a prompt attention to the proper sewerage and con struction of the new houses building in the outskirts of the town, the want of which will ultimately entail upon the authorities the same difficulties experienced by the Health Committee with respect to our cellar population. To render any effort of this descrip tion practically successful, Dr. Playfair coincides with Mr. Holme in recommending " a correct public survey, comprehending a system of levels from some datum, to which architects and builders might have free reference," the want of which has been severely felt in Liverpool, and has materially contributed to increase the expense and to lessen the efficiency of its existing sewerage. We must here leave the subject for the present, with an entreaty that the vast importance of the movement, for which the public meeting of to morrow has been called, will not be lightly estimated by our fellow-townsmen. Most cordially we agree with the following anticipation of Dr. Playfair in this report . _ _ _ "If I have adopted correct conclusions from the in quiries instituted, I feel fully convinced that the public spirit usually displayed in Liverpool will he directed suc cessfully to the elevation of its public health ; and in that case the following tables may be of use, as indicating the localities in which the pressure of the preventible causes of disease is most intense. There must be something very wrong in a community, when the artisan reaches only 15 yea , sof age, and has 28 years less chance of life than the gentleman ; or when the tradesman reaches only 19 years of age." There must, indeed, be something wrong ! Sir Firybor• F , cot irt re; ook or; poo; tion. He has carried the second reading of his Maynooth Bill by a majority of 147, in opposition to the hulk of his usual supporters, in opposition to the loudly-proclaimed sense of the people, and by the aid of recruits from parties in the house whose sole bond of union is the feeling of malevolent ha tred with which they regard those great institutions of the country which he has himself sworn to pro tect and defend from innovation. Scrutinize, for a moment, his motley host of 323, who voted in fa vour of the bill. We have the thick and thin sup porters of every measure, good, bad, or indifferent, which comes from the Treasury mint. Next come a band, pert and pragmatical, the young intellect of England ; next the sour free-traders ; and after them an ill-assorted body of Romanists, republi cans, and church-haters of all sects. But, if this combination is repulsive, the argu ments by which the bill has been supported are je suitical and discreditable. Look for a moment at the following statement of Mr. Shiel " There is, no doubt, a great deal of excitement in this country at present; but I think it a most gratifying cir cumstance that from any very active opposition the Church of England—which I begin to consider a safe guard to religious freedom has most prudentially ab stained. From the serene—and let me add secure—ele vation on which the Church of England stands, she looks down with co'd neutrality upon this great sectarian affray. The resistance to this measure has, in a great degree, originated with the dissenters—with those dis senters whom Ireland aided to the utmost of her ability in obtaining the repeal of the Test and Corp-ration Acts, and with those Weleyans, who, whenever an act of se curity, whenever an abridgement of Irish freedom has been propounded, have either been the backers of domi nation or have stood back from the conte , t, but who, when a measure of plain and obvious justice is proposed, have arisen en masse, in a great array of fanatical insur gency." Is not this an insolent falsehood ? Does the great body of the Church of England look clown with cold neutrality upon this measure? The very reverse is the case. It was not a dissenting body which first began the movement, but a body of loyal Protestant Churchmen in Liverpool. It was not a dissenting movement which filled our Amphi theatre, a fortnight ago, with indignant opponents of the measure; and it is not the fear of anything that dissent can do against them which is at this moment causing so many professing Conservative members to tremble in their seats. Of a similar character to the above is the follow ing argument adduced by Mr. Neville - - " He could not shut his eyes to the petitions which were nightly poured upon that table from nearly every constituency in the kingdom ; but as they were an argu ment one way, so was the absence of petitions,from the only two solely Protestant, solely Church of England, and solely educated constituencies—viz.: the two univer sities, an argument in the opposite direction. «'hen:•ver the church was in danzer Oxford and Cambridge were foremost to petition, anti he could not but think that had it been so now they would not have remained in the back grow d, and he thought lie was speaking but the opinions of a majority of the right hon. Chancellor of the Exche quer's constituents, when he said that the conduct of the right hon. gentleman had not lost him the confidence of those by whom he was so deservedly honoured and es teemed." The hon. member had to shut his eyes to disco ver his fact; for at the very time when he asserted that neither of the universities had stirred upon the question, an important movement of the University of Cambridge had already been announced. But a stronger assurance than any which we could adduce of the strong feeling of the Church and the people of England against this measure is to be found in the following passage of the speech of the Premier himself. Referring to the speech of the hon. member for Canterbury, Mr. Smythe, Sir Robert said— " Sir, in the course of that speech the hon. gentleman said he thought it probable, that in case it should be ne cessary to summon the energies of this country in the de fence of her honour and her interests, that high trust would be committed to my hands. (Hear.) May God avert from us so great an evil as that which he shadowed forth! God forbid that this st,te of general peace should be disturbed ! (Cheers.) If it be I doubt whether, con sidering what is now transpiring, the vindication of its honour and interests will not be committed to other hands." What does this imply ? Is it not perfectly clear that Sir Robert Peel is conscious, "from what is now transpiring"—the petitions to parliament, and the excitement of which they are the indices—that by the introduction of the bill he is forfeiting the confidence of the Church of England constituency of the empire;—for what has he to fear from run ning counter to the opinions and wishes of the sec tarian petitioners? What 4 . 1k1r dissent ever done to strengthen his position ? Ally, NOTHING The disgust of the Church of England constituencies is T s. the only power which can dol 0 him from his posi tion as the head of a Con* - *tire administration. And now let us come to 0 • question. What course is the Protestant party to pursue, after this apparently crushing defeat ? We say apparently, because the division on the second reading does not at all show the actual feeling of the house with re spect to the actual measure under consideration. It will be seen from the analysis of the division else where that the number of Whig-radicals who voted in the majority was actually greater than the num ber of ministerialists ; and that, but for such aid, the bill must have been thrown out. In connexion with this fact, we have to hear in mind that a large number of this class of Sir Robert's supporters will vote in committee for Mr. Ward's amendment, by which it is proposed that the endowment of May nooth should be drawn from the funds of the na tional church ; and although such amendment will, doubtless, be defeated by the unanimous strength of the Conservative party, it will remain to be seen whether the minister will be able to carry his Whig radical friends with him through tae third reading of a bill, whose main feature they regard with,dis approval. Presuming, however, that he will be able to do so, there is a strong incentive to perseverance in a reso lute Protestant opposition contained in the passage of Sir Robert Peel's speech, which we have quotad above. Under these circumstances, then, we say to our Protestant friends—persevere in maintaining your present hostile attitude to this iniquitous measure. And to the Protestant operatives in our town espe cially, who have so nobly discharged their duty in the present crisis of the constitution, we say go on Your voices must ultimately he heard—must ulti mately rouse the slumbering, and startle those who presume too much upon that slumber and their ap parent strength. Go on ; for the day will come when, granting that this bill may have unfortu nately taken its place in our statute book, as a last ing reproach to feeble, fickle Conservatives, you will have an opportunity afforded you of visiting with their fitting reward the men by whom you have been betrayed and mocked. We have much pleasure in directing the atten tion of our readers to the LIVERPOOL SAILORS' HOME, which was opened yesterday for the tran saction of business, in their temporary premises in Bath-street, Prince's Dock. The registry and savings bank for seamen, which form two main features in the establishment, cannot be too highly estimated. There is also a reading-room for sailors, and every arrangement has been made for the pay ing off and shipping of crews. Of this we have no doubt our leading shipowners and merchants will not he slow to avail themselves, not less from a de sire to promote the objects of the institution, than from the facilities it offers for business. THE FUNDS, SATURDAY EVENING.—The Consol market has undergone some change to-day consequent upon the termination of the debate on the Maynooth question. When the amount of majority was first made public, the number being greater thin was anticipated, prices were very firm at 994. to for money, and 991 t for the account. Subsequently, however, sellers appeared, the reference by Sir Robert Peel to the state of affairs in the western hemisphere inducing the belief that the government calculate upon some demonstration in Ame rica; and the r , suit was a fall of nearly 1 per cent., Con sols leaving off 99 to k for money, and 99k to for the account. In fact the quotations of the whole of the English securities were very heavy at the termination of business. Bank Stock is 2091 to 2101 ; Three per Cent. Reduced, 68 to k ; Long Annuities, 111; India Stock, 277 to 276; and South Sea New Annuities, 98a to 4. A FAIR CONFESSION.—A local journal, general y con sidered the Romish organ, says,—" Catholicism in Spain; Italy, and Austria, is on the side of despotism—liberal in Ireland—and in the United States, democratic. Protes tantism is an ally of arbitrary power in Prussia, Hanover, Sweden, and Denmark ; in England, it has always been, when in office, conservative. In modern times it has never been revolutionary. Now, Catholicism has been republican in South America." THE BISHOP OF CHESTER.—Considerable sensation was produced in this town on Friday morning by the reports of the proceedings of the House of Lords in the three London papers of the previous evening. Each of the three papers represented the Bishop of Cheater as stating, on presenting a petition against the Maynooth College Bill, that he was prepared to give the government measure his hearty support. The arrival of the Times in the afternoon, however, gave a very different version of his lordship's remarks. The bishop, according to the lot,. puff,, atcd, " Wat, cliutigti I.liC (liar sate Ile bail ever given in his life in their lordships' house was in favour of the Roman Catholic Relief Bill, he thought the support of a college for the propagation of error was quite a different thing." It will be seen, from the r?port of the Protestant operative meeting last night, that his lordship's speech must have been grievously misreported, as, from the several letters there referred to, it will be seen that Fe is prepared to give his strenuous opposition to the bill, as, indeed, was always anticipated. MAYNOOTH GRANT.—Amongst the members who voted against the second reading of the Maynooth Col lege bill, we find Sir Howard Douglas, W. Entwisle, Sir Philip Egerton, J. Tollemache, Lord Ashley, J. C. Colquhoun, J. P. Plumptre, A. Pringle (one of the Lords of the Treasury), B. D'lsraeli, W. T. Egerton, Sir R. H. Inglis, John Jervis, A. Lefroy, F. Shaw, Colonel Sibthorpe, and Colonel Verner. Amongst those who voted in favour of it were Lord Sandon, Lord F. Eger ton, J. T. Clifton, J. W. Patten. P. Ainsworth, J. I. Blackburne, Joseph Brotherton, E. Cardwell, Viscount Castlereagh, R. Cobden, J. E. Denison, Sir P. H. Fleet % ood, T. M. Gibson, W. E. Gladstone, Capt. Gladstone. Captain Gordon. Lord J. Manners, Lord J. Russell, G. P. Smythe, F. J. Tollemache. James S. Wortley, John S. Wortley, and Sir W. W. Wynn. The number of conservatives who voted in favour of the measure was 160, and of radicals 165. The number of conservatives against the measure was 145, and of radicals 31. Taking, therefore, the 30 members belonging to the government from the conservative majority, and the Premier was left in a minority of ten, as far as the usual supporters of government are concerned. 148 members were absent, of whom 66 were conservatives, and 81 radicals. Al though the measure concerned Ireland, no less than 32 Irish members were absent. PROGRESS OF LIVERPOOL.—The town of Liverpool has kept pace with the increase of production in the ma nufacturing districts. Its population in the census of 1831, was 165,175; in 1841 it was 223,003! but the in crease of its commerce has been far greater in proportion than the increase of its population; between 1818 and 1843 the trade of the port is stated to have quadrupled, and every day it is augmenting. To meet the trade and the wants of the town, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company, in connexion with the canals, have done much, and are anxious to do more. In conjunction with the Grand Junction and the North Union Ra lway Companies, the Liverpool and Manchester Company pro pose to extend branches into the centre of Liverpool and to the river, to suit the passenger and goods traffic, to improve the connexion with Bury by their Patricroft Branch, to alter the Bolton and Leigh line, to give a curve at Parkside from their main line to the North Union, also to make lines into the great coal field lying to the north-east of Liverpool, from St. Helen's by Rainford to Rufford, and from Liverpool to Rainford. In addition, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company, pro vided they be protected from the competing proj, cts north and south of their line, offer to place their tolls, fares, and charges under government revision, such re vision leaving to them a yearly dividend, after the rate of 10 per cent. on their whole expenditure.—Repoq of the Board of Trade on Proposed Railways in Lancashire, S, c. PRESENTATION TO THE REV. MR. LLOYD, OF ST Joiis's.—On Friday evening a large number of the con gregation of St. John's Church, male and female, met there for the purpose of testifying their attachment and gratitude to their beloved .-urate, the Rev. Albany Re a .. sendale Lloyd,A.B., by presenting him with a silver pocket Communion Service of plate, and a handsome Bible. 'I he Bible was the gift of the poorer members occupying sit tings in the body of the church. The rev. gentleman opened the proceedings by stating that when he first heard of the intended kindness of the dear friends around hint, he had got printed to distribute among them, two hymns, originally written by himself for " The Christian Hymn Book," and lie now found that his object had been so far kindly anticipated by Mr. Taylor, their worthy organist, who had also printed for the evening, and placed in their hands, two of his hymns, one of which happened to be the same as one of the two he had selected. He should, how ever, distribute a copy of each of those he had printed to every one desirous of receiving it, as a small but genuine token of his grate'ul feelings towards them. The r-verend gentleman thin delivered a copy to each and all, every one present eagerly pressing forward to receive it from his own hands. The versification is very beautiful, and !rue to the original text, shewing the rev. gentleman to he an adept in this lofty species of composition. Mr. Elsby then presented the gifts after a suitable and feeling ad dress. The rev. gentleman said he felt himse f undeserv ing of such a gift. He returned them his sincere thanks, but words could not express his feelings at that moment. So long as he lived he should remember their kindness, and he should also remember them in his prayers. The occasion was to him both painful and pleasurable ; painful in parting with them, but pleasurable in finding such a tribute paid to his humble exertions amongst them. A minister's relation with his people was of infinite respon sibility. It extended itself through time ii.to eternity and ministers and their flocks would hereafter meet before the judgment seat face to face, and render an account of their respective conduct, the one in pro pounding and the other in acting up to the doctrines of divine truth. They had met many times in that house of God, and he had rejoiced to observe the remarkable at tention paid by them to the minister—eagerly, as it were, drinking in his words. He hoped they would so continue, and God would grant them his blessing. They bad great cause of thankfulness to Him in sending them such a man as Mr. Falloon, who boldly and fearlessly grappled with error, and proclaimed aloud the words of salvation. Long might he be spared to officiate amongst them. He con cluded an affectionate address by expressing a hope that though he parted with them now, he should meet them hereafter in the realms of bliss.—We understand the rev. gentleman is appointed to a church in Preston. PROPOSED NEW RAILWAYS IN LANCASHIRE AND ADJOINING DISTRICTS. We have received the Report of the Railway Depart ment of the Board of Trade on the respective schemes for these railways—an interesting but lengthy document. Alter some preliminary remarks on the general objects of the projectors, the report admits the great advantages of extended railway communication in a manufacturing district like that of which Manchester is the centre, no tices the vast increase in manufacturing and commercial industry in that and other towns and Liverpool, and then proceeds, seriatim, to the respective merits of the various competing lines submitted for consideration. . _ The first noticed is the Bolton, Wigan, and Liverpool Railway, offering direct communication between Liver pool and Rochdale, Heywood, Bury, Bolton, and Wigan. This passes through the great coal-field north-east of Liverpool for an extent of about 30 miles ; and as its promoters bind themselves to carry passengers, Ist, 2nd, and 3rd class, at 2d., 11d., and id. respectively per mile, and coals and goods proportionately low (from Id. to 3d. per ton), and as it will bring an abundance of excellent coal at a reduced price, and check the chargt s made by other railway and canal companies, the board is " of opi nion that there are no public reasons against the project receiving the sanction of parliament." The Liverpool, Ormskirk, and Preston Railway, with a branch to Southport, and another to the coal-field al luded to, is next considered; but they are of opinion, that, though this line would be 12 miles shorter between Liverpool and Preston than by the North Union line, the proposed Bolton, Wigan, and Liverpool Railway would obviate many of the inconveniences now experienced, and reduce also the distance between this town and Pres ton to within six miles of that attainable by the Ormskirk scheme, which would accommodate locally no places of importance but the termini, and would, moreover, be so costly as scarcely to be remunerative. The Board therefore think the scheme should for the present be postponed, though it may be reconsidered when railway communication is established with Scotland. The Southport and Euxton scheme (a branch of the North Union) would, it is c.nsidered, prevent the recon sideration a: a future time of the Liverpool, Ormskirk, and Preston Railway; and, as Southport possesses no trade, but is merely a place of summer resort, it is sug gested that this scheme should likewise be postponed. The merits of the lines proposed, running nearly paral lel with the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, on the Cheshire side of the Mersey, and having mainly in view the accommodation of Birkenhead, are noticed at great length ; the rapid increase of that town, and its large docks now in progress, rendering the question an impor tant one. The report states—" The traffic of Birken head, as a town, irrespective of the docks, could not maintain a railway towards Manchester, as it must still be regarded as little more than a suburb of Liverpool, where its principal inhabitants have their places of busi ness, and whence :hey go to Manchester by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Birkenhead has, moreover, at present, but little trade in goods. Tee establishment of docks, however, will cause great alterations, and the question depends on a prospective rather than r present view of what Birkenhead requires." The present means of transit for Manchester goods to Birkenhead, for ship ment, are only either by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, or the canals ; and both modes would be expen sive, from the necessity of employing river-craft in taking them across, if by railway, —or, if by canal, of tranship ping them from the flat=, besides the delays of canal na vigation. The Birkenhead, Manchester, and Cheshire Junction (proposed and promoted by the projectors of the Birkenhead Docks) commences at the flootort station of the Chester and Birkenhead Railway, and terminates at Manchester, with branches to Stockport, Cheadle, and Bowden. The Manchester South Junction and Altrin cham Railway (proposed) commences at Manchester, curves round the south of that town, and is prolonged to Altrincham, in nearly the same course as the Birkenhead, Manchester, and Cheshire Junction. Its course through Manchester would be an expensive work, which could scarcely be sanctioned as an independent undertaking. At Altrincham the two lines join, and form component parts of one great measure. The Chester and Preston Brook line (also proposed) commences at the Chester terminus of the Chester and Crewe Railway, and termi nates by a junction with the Grand Junction Railway at Preston Brook. The first project (says the report) gives far greater facilities for trade than the second. From Stockport the line is more direct. Access from the Man chester and Sheffield Railway, by means of the South Junction, through Manchester, brings the district con nected with the Manchester and Sheffield line into con nection with the docks at Birkenhead ; whereas, if the Chester and Preston Brook scheme were adopted, the route from Manchester to Birkenhead would be unneces sarily circuitous. By the first scheme, also, competition with the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, and with canals, would be established for the Birkenhead traffic, and this competition would scarcely injure that railway, which would still have its legitimate traffic. The Bir kenhead, Manchester, and Cheshire Junction Railway Company bind themselves to carry passengers, first class 2d.. second lid., and third Id. per mile, and coals and minerals at Id. per ton per mile. " Con sidering, therefore," says the report, " that the Bir kenhead, Manchester, and Cheshire Junction Railway, tn“Pther with the. Alfei”ohann and youth Junotion coh.nne, forms a far more comprehensive measure than the Ches ter and Preston Brook scheme,—that, in connexion with the Birkenhead Docks, the former offers superior advan tages with regard to the manufacturing distriets,—that an indirect competition with the existing line, a direct com petition with the canals, and its proposed tariff of charges, together with the rivalry between Liverpool and Birken-. head, will afford great facilities to commerce,—and that the trade of Birkenhead, when fully brought into action, may not unreasonably be expected to prove sufficient to maintain the line with its branches,—we are of opinion that the Birkenhead, Manchester, and Cheshire Junction, together with the South Junction and Altrincham, are together preferable to the Chester and Preston Brook scheme." The Blackburn, Burnley, Accrington, and Colne Ex tension scheme, forming an important link in the chain of railways west of Leeds, is approved of. The Blackburn, Darwen, and Bolton Railway is to con nect Blackburn with Bolton via' Darwen and Turton ' • and though it is a local r a ther than a nation a l sch eme , cud the shares all taken up, it is not objected to. The Huddersfield and Manchester Railway, 21 miles, in length, is not very favourably reported upon; though, if the promoters can adduce more detailed evidence upon the estimates of cost and traffic, the sanction of parlia ment may possibly be obtained. The Huddersfield and Sheffield Junction line would require heavy works in tunnelling, viaducts, &c., and is lett in doubt like the last. The Chester and Birkenhead Railway Extension to the Birkenhead Docks is cons dered desirable; indeed the dock scheme would be incomplete w•thout it. Several other short extensions and deviations of other railways are disposed of in the report, but they are of minor importance. A few extracts from the report will be found elsewhere. THE NEWLY-CREATED BARON.—O❑ Saturday last the public of Liverpool were amazed to see announced, by placard, the elevation of Mr. Vincent Higgins to the rank and title of Viscount Higgins. From the prominent part taken by his lordship, on the occasion of the recent meet ing in Dr. Raffles's chapel in favour of the Maynooth grant, we had ourselves no doubt that our tiwtisman had experienced the gratitude of government for his diversion in their favour, and that this elevation was his reward, with perhaps a prospective seat in the cabinet. No official announcement, however, has as yet appeared in the Gazette ; but our contemporary, the Ammo!, in whose placards it appeared in very large type on Saturday, is usually so correct (?) in his information, that we make no doubt it will appear in due form in this night's Gazette. We hope there has been no mistake in the matter. INTENDED HOUSE ROBBERY.—Yesterday, at the Po lice-court. three young men, William Turner, Wiliam Mc Andrew, and Quin, were placed at the bar, charged with an intent to break into a house. It appeared that on Saturday forenoon last, about a quarter before twelve o'clock, the prisoners and three other men were seen to get into the cellar area of the house of Mrs. Kelly, a lone lady, in Hall-lane, near Low-hill. A young man named Shark, son of the landlady of the Low-hill Coffee House, suspecting their intention, gave informaion to Inspector Rimmer, who with another officer came up, and the fel lows, finding they were noticed, ran off before they had forced an entrance, but were pursued, and the three pri soners apprehended—the other three effecting their escape. A small crow-bar, or jemmy, was found upon Turner. The.felony not having been completed, they were sum marily dealt with by being sent to hard labour in gaol for three months. STEALING WATCHES FROM SHOPS.—Thomas Mac donald, a young man, one of the light-firgered fraternity was yesterday placed before Mr Rushton charged with this offence. About eleven o'clock on Saturday night, a police officer was sent for to the shop of Mr. Wilkinson, where the prisoner had been pricing some watches, saying be wanted a gold one, and from a note found upon him he was taken.into custody on suspicion. A case was riot, however, made out against him on this instance A female then sttted that a man resembling the prisoner had come into her shop in Richmond-street on a like errand, but she could not positively swear to his identity. A Jewess a l s o deposed that he had come into the shop kept by her and asked to look at some v.atches, with one of which he ran off, but she tco, said she could net positively swear to him. Mr. Samuel, of Paradise street, was called, and said he distinctly recognized the prisoner as having stolen a watch from him. He said that about four months ago the prisoner came to shop after it was shut of a Friday night, and said he want .d a lever watch. Being the eve of the Jewish sabbath, Mr. Samuel told him he could do no business that night, and asked him to come r.n the Saturday night following, and to bring his father (of whom he had spoken,) along with him, which he pro mised to do. Ile did not, however, come back until the Monday morning following, when a superior lever watch jewelled in ten holes, and the price of which was marked £lO was shown to him ; and afterwards another of half that price. He preferred the former, and gave his name as John Elliot, saying he would par ten shillings a week until the whole was paid. This was agreed to, and he was requested to scratch some name or mark on the case so that he should afterwards know it to be the same. He scratched the name " John," upon it. Presently after wards he ran out of the shop with the watch, and Mr. Samuel having recently had a paralytic stroke was unable to get round the counter and procure him before he dis appeared. He had been ten minutes in the shop. Notice of the robbery was given at the police station, but the watch has not yet been recovered, though there appeared to he some possibility that it may 'et be tvaced. On this last charge, Mr. Samuel having positively swo rn that he was the man, he was committed for t r i a l a t the sessions, by the time of bolding which it is probable some other cases of a like kind will be matured against him. April g EN. " THE NEW IRON STEAMER " o -e -E s af This beautiful vessel, which is to run between thtivsiesri! and Whitehaven, is now completed, and is t° b e e essie e the river to-day. We propose on the present %del; offer a brief description of her hull, eng ines ' a ratb l 'lt ment, and in our next publication hope to bel vt trif GrTanhteh'aim. Queen" The washul hull give a favourable account of her trial and 'I.- iiP Whitehaven. Messrs. Vernon and Co., and the engines uletiatles2 Il designed d fittings Fawcett, Preston, and Co.; and by the un ite ?•be °P. - perfect specinie is of steam• boat architecture h jo s al; thPse gentlemen, we may safely say that ore of letifr_rs duced that has yet appeared on the MerseY• „i c ed• of , of others engaged in this work deserve to be n o ale owners are indebted to the skill of her able a i d D ee r Captain Thompson, for much of the beautY ° n ovel that appears in the rigging and other fittings °„ 0 011 ,1 1f The papier mache paintings, that inseparable fi‘eisatijs tnent of modern steamers, are exquisitelY • s bl 0 Jennings and Bettridge ; the cabin decoratiolit, top1:1 Keys, of Bold-street ; and the furniture. whi,rebeeerel great taste, by Mr. Blain, of Paradise-street• style, was executed by Robertson in his very be et till with his usual success. , in sere , The " Queen," compared with many v e e p ors 1,. river, is not large, being only 470 tons, e BeP :dgel surement. The lines are considered by good P t B abe well adapted for high speed, and look very frnebee' s e from the light draft of water, viz.: V feet ' ',. - liate! s ei promises to he an excellent carrier. The war t " of es e s ward are hollow, and aft convex being bean t': u fas t tell throughout, a system now generally adopted 111,tiils"" eels, although it is entirely the reverse of wh i s ',.b l eilo has been considered the beau ideal of serfsb.P rid s w uP e e r r e in c t o e t n i sd i rdal4 4 Vessels thus built are found, contrary to a tall•" s al opinion, to be much drier in had weather than,„eets'"o ships—for the sea when striking the stern , ',bolo s little resistance, and is therefore not thrown ° Pl i er•bria natural height. The plates of the hull are clene ives op and double-rivetted up to the gunwale, whi ch g o fk g ell , tional strength, and takes off the appearane,e It vevist that we generally observe in the sides of ' e° ,,,'s fi el d iron, which is a great improvement on the The ribs and deck beams are made of Ver nw- 00.•a iron that is usually employed for the fransescf li. OP i d so The stem and stern posts are of solid iron , an t he °. e l jectious welded to the latter are ssbstituted for ombroii surmounted by an exquisite full-length rudder brace. The stem is carried out, an d c aile f h p , cota. rn eo shi re r with the cutaater, forming a neat clipper bow; bey figure ° I jesty, in white and gold. , des W e ll The engines are of 180 horses' povver, 90. p c ier .- ,t , ticular notice, as being a most beautiful sP - o f ono Messrs. Fawcett, Preston, and Co.'s best stYlesorlee'ro manship. The plan is one patented by theseT,reei,o6o4l and is a modification of the most improved 01 ; 0 sttetil engines. It is impossible in this hasty s ketch ' t i e rs l'; ‘ , a description of them, but we can assure nor re a s s re: es t they are well worthy of inspection. The hoi n i ee t heit : 0 bular, and stand in very small describe.° 0 h e ,o• trial in the dock, the performance is e j V hs if been highly satisfactory. It was, however, p. e t " cres e orse' sary to extend the floats of the wheel, to In iv i r , 0 6 dip in the water, as the accuracy with whi ch the " fl' was laid down, and the correctness with %I' ) ~,, crewel Vernon and Co. had worked, deceivedthe engl-elsa""el b o g be tit tham had determined the draft of water fi e f be gelito. generally expect to find the draft given hY, s eti Al exceeded by one or two fret, which has on l e ;'' e rrilist hitherto to make allowances for the anticiP ate o the r " placing the paddle-wheels higher than theY .4 0 would have done. le ° P s 's); The cribs d, rigging, and general outfit, clee e n r e at . 0 ,, t he minute description, which wea hope to gi ce „ -- eso ''' and in the meantime we sincerely wish sa' -- " Queen," of Whitehaven, in her further trials. se t/ 0 ai , VI 0 1l INDlA.—Advices have been received frota l u e re O n o" intermediate Overland Mail to the Bth ult. O t se i: T ad absolute dearth of news. Not a movemen t in ep t iV jaub, and all was likely to remain quiet 1111011s/o'o,o season. The Scinde campaign, under Sir C . n the : 1 10 pears to have been at an end, and Beejar Nr! i e .7l o o °' o oe, malcontent had offered to surrender on e 0 " 1- TV g,te life being spared, and some land given to hiru• e abl o r in the Mabratta country seemed too to ba c o e llsr_" t iOe itself. There was no domestic news. Sir l' • es lue'dt was still at Calcutta, and his interest on t he is resi s loe t question seemed to be undiruinisned. The I s gm" from China was to the 14th of JanuarY , b ut • interest. been 800 d The Rev. Duncan Long, of Dublin, has 1 7 loth„ a oae t curate of St. Matthew's Church, Key street, e eO , fr 4 o ;i an announcement elsewhere, that this bi n g Ul3 00 THE MUMMY FROM ICHABOE.—It Wil l be: on' will remain on view for a few days l r THEATRICALS.—The Journal des 13 6 b atg ,, th e ate r ' onge • s ace e elr, the marriage at Paris of Mile. Fanny Cer"'f,o'fial);tss iharnneh adleist alter4h deceased brated dancer, to M. Leon Michel, a young 1.- sa lle ° , 'le A cricket club has been started in Liverpo ol ;1 0 0' " Young England," out of compliment, n ° Mr. D'lsraeli. Darned $l6 , „d; n arn- An,/ OPPOSITION TO MA TNOOTH.—Tne 1 ,, " ve.-.11614 gate Protestant meeting will be held this e alfe - '' Exeter-hall, and on Friday body will be held in the City-road Chaee l t p P oiel e a meeting or the olide;el oppose the grant. At the latter meeting t he -I. pe the Conference will preside. T ., 'el° ° A l V a , We understand that to-morrow, at eleve- n ric hes bo l.' cisely, two large iron steam frigates will bel a s a u- s rth'dit el the budding yard of Thomas Vernon and Co., P - t i the', One of them is for the Russian government, an te r ea for the Prussian government, and they are s' 6 * f 0 11 ' O l being built almost exactly alike. ( -4 $ l / L l4 01 4 RETIREMENT OF A MEMBER OF THE - °V saess e es.s el Mr.A. Pringle, member for Selkirk , and one 0 , ' - eq uealair the Treasury, has resigned his office in c°l- oll e g:l i feeling it his duty to oppose the Maynooth bo' to p Mr. Forbes Mackenzie, the member for Pe ehi s es tbs t ceeded to the office, and we shall now see w ba ,, - re. 10 0 stituency will say about the government riseae",pely, 0 0, MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.—On SaturclaY, ° jell n fe e l arches of a bridge now erecting at Aslitoa-tt, wOr i f fell with a tremendous crash, and buiied 0 4. 7 ACO - r ibi l ; nine dead bodies had been taken out beneath the ruins, and, accordin to the lt e giat e , ll of bed of t , c ' ttr's The bridge was nearly complet al, and consis"o000:e. arches, being a portion of the line of ra ilw_ T aY o bee .. .,' e ds the towns of Ashton and Stalybridge with lYie t h e n re Of t 0 On Sunday af. ernoon, one of the firemen o d 2 5 s o ot ie r side ferry steamer Queen, named Grace, ag e t hi' ',Or 0 1 ried man, but without family, incautiously of t be - , P A , the opening round which one of the crankst 100;0 1 , 7 revolves, to speak to the engineer, when t e lia, c ir seeing him, put the engine in Diction, i n ol e o to, the captain's directions, and the poor Inan 'e fo itta t s td severely crushed that he died in about thr ee gr et i t ° t ep DEATH OF THE LATE RECORD7R• — ",, We re llie t lila v A , f: for ra having taoevnr ii n g e 1 eg) time,an vp t previously having held that on Saturday last, James Clarke, ' eq ,' , l'he 1- 1,10 "Or corder for this borough, died at seat, ' o f e ts te4 n we Lancas,er, in the seventy fourh Ye a Ligig s Agrn for twenty years.arr i ve . $ f el i s oah n unesdl idhyartdeh officiatedt been r e ea e d n p pf i o u r ion : 7s ; . e t:lb : I : e l: : : 0: yi c t i , : , 5 3 : p p : : ~,s so h t , THE WINE TRADE.—It is impossiure -- to t- e a. precise conclusion as to the amount of savi n4 pitY D' e re 5; by the relief afforded in being exempted fror he y v i- to T e duty on wastage and evaporation, to whic h " 0 4 OP"O i n referee c° et tl,,i fore subjected ; but it is assumed, quantity annually taken out of bond for 1)02'0,00,0,10f lion, as appears from the Custom-house u s3o,St 0 port, that for rum it would amount to abon i l , fiti h i e tOto for the whole empire to about £100.00u; to t•"„ire ss t brandy, paid duty on at Liverpool, the savl r i e elPitri. would he about £14,500, and for the sw ° st ageAr 1 £120,000; on wines, taking the average '613- ' 7l ' avers to a il cent., it would amount for the kingdornss ss lte„il making a total saving of £300,000 per an" ° ' - 'l3irk l- 1P" , of • ill A be BIRKENHEAD.—In 1821 the chaperrY -„. S • Was AO is said to have contained only about 200 Pe. r ; i - ent - ea ' O O it exceeded 2,000. In 1833 an act of par an d i l T i Ord tamed for establishing a market there; fi , On o tv i Ts. township, with Tranmere, Holt-bill. Oltt,od.le,tal other places in the immediate neighbourht 16.,uve0,, ther stated to have a I rpulation of at le es trau'att tO f th e f I yr hitants; and an idea may be formed 0 her 0 0 0 f oi place from the fact that in 1843 the no rl L,,t l' d the it v sengers passing the Mersey, which is au" - ur atpar wide, by steamers which ply every half "f the , of 2d., exceeded two millions.—RePort . e ji‘C. 0 i Trade on Proposed Railways in Lanca,hir ' ...A or, 14 or . ht illts, APPROPRIATING A TEN POUNi ) r d ' s ,e pi p thi, k set man named John Smith, was Ye s i 9 „,eS 50,0 at the police court with this offsnce• : ; Tha t en ve re A fr oi o a sailor, lately arrived from Macao, "Vi c , e f, A rl o last he received a ten pound note a. 't, r iii"„helts from his Captain on account of wages due, sr ditll 4 s te i shipmate. tie went with tire money to hi" "° s ehe'haerie , e t, s Ai. I the Canning Dock Tavern, in Strand -Ft,' hiyingearysle was it the time, he being in the habit ef P 0 ,1 h he C e ti 0 0$ for the company there. The complainant a id " ot e VI change of a ten pound note, and erisnner the ° to Ir r! get it for him in five minutes, and liked on T oy the hand of complainant (who enjobien c oatir,elysi haste,) went out with it for that purpose:ci thel e otilie s ' e ailed for him for nearly an hour , P , " re he o r j sY, search for hint to the railway station. wil e watt j s 0 tt r i seated in a third class carriage abou t t° o t hs ° 7 ,1 ' ltea chester. Police oficer, 344, Turner , ws s s o 11 0 4 lir prehended him. On being searched ',•,',. a/ 117 0 00 found upon him, also the railway ticketalthe n° / drunk. The prisoner said he had c hange ..- drunk. Ile was committed for trial. ----- _ _.--- JOSHUA FLF. ---_ .__•`_ - - --I —__._-1."7-r ----.r LIU El?POOL T e E TU ESDAY, RI,A ( APRIL 2- ' 0 04 6 ' ,Of v ',EP f j PRINTED AND PUBLIS',,' a 'P. i EVERY TUESDAY M u— et ,• o " of 53 , Groordstcevfot',. ft)rot.ol LEONARD ADDISON, of 14, Great Oi i,iv t. v it o o of At N 0.4, ST. GKonox's Crttisciztvr• 0. 1 4 ' e t 0 Orders and Adertisements are received bY , b e i s t s e. r r i l e en 11 1. 5 .1 co , Dea •on, Walbrook ; Reynell. Chancery-ia'-i, Col - fle - , 0 4 ,:ol Warwick.square ; Barker arid lane Cb„pil_A" Pr," Birchin-lane ; Joseph Thomas, 1. Fincll•l,aen:ell. B , f t, den Hammond, •-7, Lombard-street ;V i ` c o stl o ci a t if . e y court, Fleet-street ; Lewis and LoWe. 3 ' u se, 0 :-.0Co hill; at the London Commercial Cobee-b7Ol, ~ i , p-04; at the Jerusalem Coffee-house, Cor%:11 so ot b oot', fee-house, Paternoster-row ; North„.!,.l.oos, „P% o f, p roe, A Coffee house. Threadneedle-street ; r'"',..",1e0 "Aoglteor" lane, London ; Johnston and C 0 .,.., ''' Leo . .w . po° .j g 0 - Wheeler, Exchange-street , and C. 1 1 , 3 „. 001.6 80th 0 Manchester ; Haddock, and J. a" ... a ° Warrington; Clarke, Pilot-office, pre stos; cl": 1 0$ Dais, Herald-office, Birminghata, .......0 0 .4 one year, £1 3s. ; halt-yor 1-• Terms of Subscription for thin Prktivilolvr6l' half-y ear advance—one year El la. ;