The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-09-09 00:00:00

FuREIGN AND COLONIAL, The Irish Railway Gazette says, that the 5 feet 3 gauge is to be adopted by all the new Companies in ;Ire land. The gauge of the Ulster line is 6 feet 2, and it was the Th Rhine xpe s statedn thense of e fetes German given on papers the Qu to een amount to P 's visit to ado ted on the recommendation of the Irish th i Commis -5,000,000f. The musicians were paid 400,000 f. sioners. However, the company are now about to alter The Emperor and Empress of Russia are en route to their gauge to 5 feet 3 inches. The Dublin and Kingstown Italy, the physician of the Empress having recommended gauge is 4 feet 8 inches. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY.—There that she should pass the winter in that country. are now running between Manchester and Patricroft, The Paris correspondent of the Times says," With re- thirty-seven trains per day; vi z., ei g hteen from, and ect to Tahiti, conquered so gloriously and ' protected nineteen to Manchester, stopping at Eccles, Waste Lane, - - ably, I have received an assurance for which, and Cross Lane. The fares ha v e been reduced, for the , you are not unprepared,—it will be abandoned." whole distance (six miles), first class, from is 6d to 6d ; - --- sailors who have been brought from Tahiti on second and third classes from is to 4d z and proportionate board the Charte frigate are men who were wounded in reductions to the intermediate stations. The number of the combat of Mahahena. They, like the men landed at passengers on this portion of the line is about 1000 per Rochefort some months back, were horribly mutilated. day. The British merchants at Rio de Janeiro have taken Any iron wheel may be made to travel almost steps towards the formation of a British Association for noiselessly along a railway, says a distinguished lecturer, the purpose of corresponding with the government at by enclosing its two sides with boarding or thin metallic home, that their interests might be better known. The sheeting, so as to confine sawdust in contact with its project seems to have been received with deserved favour. spokes ; sawdust being anti-vibrating will effectually pre- A German paper notices a report that the young queen vent the wheel vibrating, thus enabling it to roll without of Spain is likely to be married to the youngest son of the noise. All who are interested in lessening the noise of Duke Ferdenani of Saxe Coburg and a cousin of Prince railway wheels should make this easy method as public Albert. The French papers appear to doubt the probe= as possible that Railway Directors may be urged to adopt bility and deny the policy of such an alliance. a plan so inexpensive, efficacious, and desirable. The four sailors, who had deserted from the Uranie frigate, and were brought to France to undergo the punishment of death, to which they were sentenced by THE COURT 4- FASHIONABLE WORLD. court-martial, for having quitted their colours in pre sence of the enemy, have had their sentence commuted by HER MAJESTY'S CONTINENTAL VISIT. the King into six years' hard labour, with a bullet tied to the leg. On the 29th ult., a trial of skill took place in the shoot- AN IMPERIAL SPEECH. — We find in the Gazette de ing ground,. when the company of rifle shooters of Gotha Breslau, the following speech, said to have been uttered mustered in strong force, armed with their heavy rifles. by the Emperor Nicholas to the students of the Colleges The Duke of Coburg frequently attends the shooting of Warsaw, upon the occasion of his late visit to that match, and whenever his Serene Highness cannot attend city :—" I know that you all are like your revolutionary he deputes another person to shoot on his behalf. Any parents. I know well in what principles you are educated ; visitors of the Duke are also entitled to enter the lists, or but have a care—do not put them in practise, for if you appoint a nominee, and the Queen on Friday being re do I will send you to a place where you will have reason quested to appoint a person to shoot on her behalf, named to remember me." The Gazette adds, that the students the captain of the company, R. Weinege, a merchant of Gotha, who was fortunate enough to win a gold cup, the evinced symptoms of great fear during the delivery of this discourse. chief prize, which he had the honour of presenting fo r her . Majesty's acceptance at the levee. The Quee nwas g ra- RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN IN THE. CAUCASUS.—Accounts ciously pleased to accept the cup as a memorial of her from Tiflis to the 3d August announce that General having attended the rifle shooting at Gotha, and Prince Woronzoff has been compelled to give up his expedition Albert afterwards presented the captain w'th a valuable against the mountaineers, and retire hastily on the Rus diamond ring in token of her Majesty's approval of his Sian territory. After the general had received a supply achievement. In the evening there was a grand ball in of provisions, and a reinforcement of troops, he put the the saloon, at which all the beauty and fashion of the gay army in movement against Dargos. For some days the little city of Gotha were prsent. mountaineers had appeared to be in a state of inactivity ; On Saturday there was c l eanse on a grand scale for the but they had, in fact, been busily preparing for their de entertainment of her Majesty and Prince Albert; a mode fence. The Russians met with a most unexpected reels- of shooting the deer peculiar to Germany. The result of lance ,and could net advance a step. The balls fell in the baltue was 48 deer, besides about 10 which escaped showers, and the bravest gave way. Orders were given wounded to die in the forest. Of the 48 killed, 24 were by the general to take possession of some heights, but stags, some of them of very large size, and extremely fat. this was soon proved to be impossible. The Russians The Queen and her suite returned to Gotha shortly after continued the combat for some time, and in the end lost 1000 men (other accounts say 2000) and 30 officers, six o'clock. In the evening there was a brilliant dis p la y among whom were several general and sunerior officers, of fireworks in the orangery fronting her Majesty's apart and a part of their convoy. The general then determined men ts. Thousands of rockets streamed up into the air , On a retreat, which was effected in a very precipitate scattering their bright and sparkling stars over the heads of the spectators. A pavilion, fancifully depicted in gold manner. The rear guard suffered very severely and was coloured fire, and a brilliant star, were among the devices compelled to abandon many of its men, who were unable that attracted the greatest share of attention. The Queen, from fatigue to keep up with the rest of the body. On Prince Albert, and the Duchess of Coburg remained on arriving at the fortress of Ge, setung, the troops were in the balcony till the pyrotechnical display had terminated. su ch a deplorable condition that it could scarcely be ima- Her Majesty took two days for the journey to Gotha, gined that they had gained a victory. Their loss is esti- calling at Meiningen, where the brother of the Queen mated at from 6000 to 10,000 men. Dowager resides, and where the royal party dined. The reception of our Queen at Gotha was quite as enthusiastic as at any other place, triumphant arches being erected, and the authorities of the place evincing all possible respect. On Sunday, the 31st ult., the royal party attended di vine service at the chapel in Freidenstein. In the even ing (Sunday evening we regret to say) a sumptuous ban quet took place at Freidenstein Palace, for which covers were laid for 72. On Monday the Queen attended a musical festival. An immense orchestra was erected ; the band was composed of 150 performers, and there were upwards of 1000 singers besides. Her Majesty left Gotha on Wednesday morning, for Fulda, to pass the night, and on Thursday slept in Frank fort, at the unrivalled Hotel d'Angleterre. The Queen descended the Rhine, and slept at the Hotel de Bellevue, in Deutz, opposite Cologne. Her Majesty did not sleep at any place between Frankfort and Deutz, but embarked at Mayence in the Fairy steamer, after a visit to Wiesba den. Bohemian glass has been sent in such quantities to her Majesty, that one of her palaces would scarcely hold it. Her Majesty and Prince Albert arrived at Maline with their suite, on Saturday, on their way to Antwerp, which they were expected to reach soon after five in the after noon. It is stated as more than probable (though de pendent upon contingent circumstances) that the royal party will visit his Majesty Louis Philippe, at the Chateau d'Eu, previous to returning to England. so adalin perhaps IRE LAND, The three immense Romish chapels, erected in Curk within the last twelve years. stand north and south. A daughter of Michael Gallway, Esq., J.P., of Skibbe reen, lost her life while bathing on Monday last. A man named Ileany has been fully committed to Ca van gaol for the murder of the late Mr. Booth. It is said that when ministers have got rid of both the Orange and Repeal justices of the peace, they intend to create a stipendiary magistracy in Ireland. A coachman named Burns, a confirmed drunkard, hung himself on the branch of a tree a few days since, near Limerick. Captain Archdall, a magistrate of Fermanagh, has been - -ded in consequence of taking part in the demon stration at Lisburn, on the 12th August. On Sunday week several converts from the Church of Rome were publicly received into the communion of the Church of England, in St. Audven's Church, Dublin. The Irish National Board of Education has been incor porated, and is enabled to hold property not exceeding £40,000 per annum. A very splendid soiree was held at Belfast on Thursday to express the public sympathy of the Protestants of that part of Ireland in favour of Mr. Watson. Lord Roden took the chair, and was supported by Col. Verner, Mr. supers Watson, &c. Oa Tuesday, a corporal of the 73d, stationed at Cork, shot a private in the same regiment named Frisby in mis take, it is supposed, for the Serjeant, the corporal having been placed under arrest for absence from duty. The private died on Wednesday. IRISH CHURCHES.—It seems that £31,500 have been yearly expended in Ireland for providing requisites for the decent celebration of Divine worship, and that the amount was expected to be increased. It was stated that £10,603 would arise in the current year from the fall of per petuities. The repeal rent, for the first thirty-four weeks in 1814, amounted to £35,784 16s. Id., whilst for the correspond ing period of 1845 it dwindled down to £13,225 7s. 10d. In 1843 and 1814 Mr. O'Connell wrung from the poor of Ireland, in the shape of repeal rent, no less a sum than £91,220. The Royal Infants remain in excellent health at Os borne House, under the care of Lady Lyttleton. Her Majesty and Prince Albert are expected shortly after their return from Germany to honour the Marquis of Salisbury with a visit at Hatfield House. The Duke of Cambridge left on Friday for Germany, and does not return before the end of November. Lord and Lady Francis Egerton landed at Dover on Tuesday from the Continent. Lady Francis and the Misses Egerton came direct to town. His lordship pro ceeded from Dover to Weimer, on a visit to the Duke of Wellington, and arrived in Belgrave-square on Wednes day. DWarkanauth Tagore, the distinguished East Indian merchant, arrived in Limerick on Tuesday with his suite, in an elegant drag and four horses. He left Limerick next day on a visit to Killarney Lakes, and is expected to call at Derrynane. the seat of Mr. O'Connell. He dined and slept at Lord Rosse's on Monday night, where he examined the prodigious telescope. Dr. M`Hale has addressed another letter to Sir Robert Peel, on the Irish Colleges Bill. It is but a wearisome iteration of those stereotyped phrases with which, like an excited scold, he has made us so familar. " Unhallowed confederation," " impious scheme," " infidel project," " unprincipled shifts," "apostate allies," abound through out the letter, but the performance is a feeble one—wor thy, and nothing more, of the poor pedant it proceeds from. If the ministerial " scheme" is to be written down, it must be by another pen than that which the . Tuam noTitular so weakly wields. Sir Robert,doubt, is glad of an " ally" who aids the " project" which he desires to demolish. REPEAL ASSOCIATION.—At the weekly meeting of this body, yesterday week, Mr. J. O'Connell postponed the intended address to the Protestants of the north. Mr. Steele declared his belief that the Orangemen were by no means badly disposed towards the Repealers, and that, but for the " vile Orange press," an amalgamation of all parties would already have occurred. There was some what of a dispute between Mr. J. O'Connell and Mr. Reynolds, touching the charge brought by the latter a g ainst the Dublin Corporation. Capt. Broderick found fault with the Times commissioner for giving the pas to the Saxon race rather than to the Celt; and Mr. John O'Connell had another fling at the Bequests Act aid the " infidel colleges," attributing to the teaching of such institutions the religious disturbances now prevalent in Germany.—The rent of the week was announced to be £221 2s. 3d. CLERICAL NEWS. PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS.—The Rev. W. Brown, to the di,trict church of Blaydon, Durham.—Rev. Mr. Hoblin, to the vicarage of Clispham, Rutland.—Rev. R. !sham, M.A., to the rectory of Lamport, Northamp tonshire.—Rev. J. Owen, to the vicarage of Thrussington, Leicestershire.—Rev. J. Simmond ,s to the perpetual cu racy of Gosport, Hants.—Rev. C. King, to be chaplain to the Hay Union Workhouse.—Rev. F. A. Power, to the chaplaincy of the Barracks, Bury, Lancashire.—Rev. C. Clayton, M.A., late assistant-minister of St. John's Church, Chatham, to be secretary of the Church Pastoral Aid Society.—Rev. R. Gray, M.A., incumbent of Whit worth, to the vicarage of Stockton.—Rev. J. H. Waugh, DLA , vicar of Cerne Abbas. Dorset, to the rectory of Corsley, Wilts.—Rev. E. WAIL rector of Brighstono, to the rural deanery of the West Mediae, Isle of Wight.— Rev. J. F. Mackarness, 8.A., to the vicarage of Tarde bigg, Worcester, vacant by the death of the Hon. and Rev. Lord Aston.—Rev. J. May, 8.A., to the vicarage of Ugborough, Devon, void by the death of the Rev. J. Spry. —Rev. J. C. Fisher, M.A., to the vicarage of Harpford, with Ven-Ottery, Devon, void by the death of the Rev. M. Tucker. _ _ . The Rev. R. S. Bunbury, late of St. Helens, has been presented to the vicarage of Swansea. The Hon. Aubrey R. Spring Rice, son of Lord Monteagle, has entered holy orders, having been ordained at Norwich Cathedral last week. PRINCIPLE AND EXPEDIENCY.—The Church and State Gazette says that Dr. Pusey is engaged in an effort to persuade Mr. Newman to carry out the principle of Tract 90, by abstaining from secession ; and that he him self will retain his canonry, if permitted. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. The increase in the railway traffic last week over the corresponding week of last year was £23,705. It is asserted that Mr. Frederick Ricketts, Chairman of the Bristol and Exeter Railway, has cleared £160,000 in the last four months. The Grand Junction have very judiciously determined that afterthe 15th of this month a compartment of a first class carriage will be reserved for ladies travelling alone. A luggage carriage on the Edinburgh and Glasgow Rail way took fire on Wednesday se'nnight, and the contents, —furniture, were completely destroyed. A man on the Cambridge railway, last Monday, while in a truck in motion, attempted to put on his coat. In doing so he lost his balance, and tumbled over. His scull was completely scalped, and he died in a few minutes. MANCHESTERAND LEEDS RAILWAY.—The eighteenth half-yearly meeting was held on Wednesday, in Manches ter. The total receipts during the six months were £153,279 lOs Bd., the total expenses £52,0-16 18s ld, leav ing a balance of £101,232 12s id receipts, exhibiting an increase of £23,892 12s 9d compared with those of the corresponding period last year, notwithstanding a great reduction in fares. A dividend of four per cent. on the paid up capital was declared. MANCHESTER AND BIRMINGHAM.—There was a meeting of this Company held on Friday, i n Manchester, which was most numerously attended ; it was resolved by a considerable majority, that it was inexpedient that the agreement made between the Manchester and Birming ham and the London and Birmingham Directors, for the amalgamation of the two companies should be carried into effect. The decision produced a very strong sensa tion. MEETING OF THE POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY. The September monthly meeting of this society—the first after the summer vacation—took place yesterday evening week, at the Royal Institution, and was numer ously attended. In the absence of the President, JOHN GRANTHAM, Esq., C.E., was called to the chair. After the usual business relative to the election and nomination of new members, &c., Mr. JAMES SCOTT WALKER read a paper on earth quakes and volcanoes, and the several theories entertained of these sublime and fearful phenomena, concluding with a description of the earthquake of Caracas, in Venezuela, (South America,) in 1812, of which he himself was an immediate witness, and in which 15,000 persons perished within the short space of about 40 seconds. He strongly inclined to the theory that these terrestrial movements were due to the action of the internal heat and the infiltra tion of water, accumulating steam, combustion, and explo sive vapours and gases under the crust, of the earth, and were scarcely to be accounted for by electricity alone, as some had supposed. He was listened to with great atten tion, and a brief discussion ensued, tending on the whole to corroborate the views of the lecturer, to whom a vote of thanks was passed. Messrs. MILNER, of Lord-street, then exhibited two of their Patent Book-casesor Safes, which had obviously been exposed to a very severe fire, the test of which they had stood in a remarkable manner. One of them, the larger of the two, had, on the 2d of June last, been in the office of Messrs. J. and W. Walker, the extensive builders in Birkenhead, when it was burned down, and was accompa nied by a highly commendatory certificate of its efficiency from those gentlemen. The building was entirely burnt out ; the internal combustion was very great, and did its work of destruction before the engines could be brought into play, owing to some defect in the hose. The books in the safe exhibited were, to the surprise of all, found to be uninjured, while the contents of a common iron safe standing beside it, and exposed to the same heat, were re duced to tinder. The smaller box had been in the pre mises of Mr. Blackaller, ship-chandler, Sparling-street, during the fire there on the 24th January, 1814, and the result was equally gratifying.—The Chairman requested Mr. Milner, Jun. to explain the principle of the valuable invention.—Mr. MILNER said that the best apology he could offer for again appearing before them, after the la borious investigation the society had on a former occasion bestowed upon their invention, was the presentation of the safes now offered to their notice, which had been ex posed to severe tests, and had borne out to the fullest ex tent in practice the theory upon which they were con structed. The subject, too, possessed peculiar interest at this time from the lamentable destruction of property by fire in many large commercial localities. He explained the construction of the box, which was a single-chambered one, and of the safe, which was double chambered ; and showed a glazed section of a piece of one of the sides of such boxes, by which the arrangement of the non-con ducting and evaporating principles employed, were clearly demonstrated. This, as well as the boxes, was minutely examined, and excited much interest. Attention was called to the obvious strong marks of fire on the boxes. Several of the members present, including Mr. C. S. Smith, Dr. Collins, Mr. Arstall, &c„ who had witnessed severe trials to which several of the inventors' boxes had been exposed in this town some time back, bore testimony to the extraordinary resistance they presented to even in tense and long-continued heat, and which, on a former occasion, had been ably lectured upon by Mr. S. Woods, _ _ jun., the president of the society. Mr. Salt, the secretary, stated that he had witnessed the exposure to intense heat of one of the safes containing books, papers, and gunpow der, for twelve hours ; and the papers, when taken out, had not attained a heat of 20 degrees over the atmosphere. —Mr. Chilton stated that he had returned by the last packet from New York, and that precisely the same cir cumstances related of the fire at Messrs. Walkers had oc curred at that city during the late destructive fire—the books of a mercantile house, in one of Messrs. I%lilner's safes, being preserved whilse those in other safes were completely destroyed.—Mr. Milner called attention to the fact, that " the natural tendency of equalization of temperature applies to all unchanging bodies, near each other, more or less ; but the great law of nature, by which water or steam cannot be heated above the boiling point, is here made the shelter for materials which cannot burn in boiling water or steam. So that supposing a safe, of whatever solid materials, imbedded in fire ranging from 1000 to 3000 degrees, it will follow the temperature of the fire; and as parchment and paper are destroyed if heated to 300 or 400 degrees, it will be obvious they must perish in such custody. But pervade the whole mass, safe and contents, with the arbitrary 212 degrees of steam, provi ding for its prolongation beyond the period of danger, and neutralizing its expansive tendency, and I feel per suaded, after labouring twenty-five years in the fire in this matter, that in the combined operation of the princi ple of these safes, vapourization, regulated in nonconduc tion, the thickness of chambers being adapted to the class of buildings, perfect security may be attained ; and I am further convinced, that without the powerful aid of water it is impossible to keep down or put out fire." The subject was exceedingly well received, and the Chairman suggested a vote of thanks to Messrs. Milner, for their valuable invention, though, he had no doubt, but that its merits, now becoming extensively known, would lead to its appreciation, and result to their deserved bene fit. This was cordially responded to by the meeting. Mr. BoueT then brought forward some curious speci mens of rye which had experienced a disease that had swollen it much beyond its natural size,—after which the members retired to the coffee-room, and enjoyed a con . versazione before separating. GENERAL MISCELLANY. The nomination for Southwark election takes place on Wednesday, and the polling on Thursday. The Bishop of Calcutta is expected in Huddersfield this week, on a visit to the Vicar. Benjamin D'lsraeli, Esq., M.P.. has been created a deputy-lieutenant for Buckinghamshire. On Wednesday and Thursday last, upwards of three hundred sail arrived in the Thames. The sea at Crome has gained rapidly on the land. Se veral cottages, &c., have fallen, being undermined. The Marquis of Anglesey is undergoing hydropathic treatment at Dr. Weiss's establishment, near Richmond. Earl Fitzwilliam has upwards of 100 acres of hay so spoiled by the late rains, that the whole has been obliged to be put in heaps for manure. A dividend of twenty-five thirty sec)nds of a penny in the pound has been declared upon the estate of Nicholas Price Wood, banker, Burslem! The capital required for the cotton mills at Sheffield is to be £20,000, with power to increase it, and it is to be raised in forty £5OO shares. Mr. Scott Murray, who a few months ago embraced the Rornish faith, is erecting a chapel at Great Marlow, at his sole expense. The cost is £3,500. On Tuesday week, a labourer at Ashton was choked to death by a bone sticking in his throat whilst be was eat- ing his dinner. On Thursday about 40 hampers, each containing 7 cwt. of fresh beef, were received at Hull per steamer from Leith, and immediately forwarded to London by railway. CHURCH RATE.—After a fortnight's polling at Wake field about a church-rate, the friends of the church have been successful, by a majority of fifteen. The numbers at the close were—for the rate, 2376; against it, 2361. Mrs. Priestley, the wife of a brewer, at Perry Bar, near Birmingham, hanged herself the other day, from the top of the bed. The same afternoon, her husband, who had been melancholy of late, followed her example. Mr. Moylan has been elected Judge of the West minster Court of Requests. There were four other can didates, and for the first time in this country a system of " canvassing " for the office of judge was adopted. The Registrar-General has addressed a circular to the coroners throughout the country for the purpose of ob taining more special information respecting the cases over which they severally preside. On Saturday week a young man named Barker, the editor of a provincial newspaper, destroyed himself in London in a fit of insanity brought on by excessive drinking. On Saturday several dwellings were accidentally de stroyed by fire on the estate of Sir Thomas Baring, near Winchester, and numbers of industrious families have thus been deprived of house and food. For a wager of £5, two pigeons were flown the other day from Dover to London. The winning bird performed the distance (about 78 miles) in 76 minutes ; the other was 12 minutes longer on the way home. Amongst the advertisements in the Times, we read that " Two sisters want washing," and that a " spinster, par ticularly fond of children, wishes for two or three, or any other employment !" LONGEVITY. — On Thursday week a public dinner was prepared at Dobcross, for all men and women resident in Saddleworth, and aged 77 years and upwards ; of which dinner 132 old people partook, whose ages averaged more than 80 years ! At Dorking fair, on Tuesday, a fight took place between Lynch, a bricklayer's labourer, and Taylor, an Irishman. Taylor inflicted two severe wounds on the body of his antagonist with some weapon as yet unknown, from which the latter died. He is in custody. The Ocean landed at London, on Tuesday, from Rot terdam, 73 oxen, 24 cows, 456 sheep, and 2 goats. The whole were of a superior quality. This is by far the largest number of live cattle ever brought in one vessel from the Continent. JACK KETCH'S PERQUISITES.—After the late execu tion of Benjamin Ellison, at Bodmin, Jack Ketch sold the rope with which he was hanged to great advantage, obtaining a shilling for the smallest bit of it, from per sons who bought it to cure fits and the King's evil. FOREIGN FRUIT.—The Emerald Isle steamer landed last week at [lull, from Hamburg, 836 baskets apples and plums ; the Leeds steamer, 543 baskets plums and cucum bers; the Helen M`Gregor, 259 baskets plums, 2 of fil berts, 27 of cucumbers, and 2 of horse-radish. CHESTER CHEESE FAIR.—On Wednesday the quan tity pitched was very limited. Neither was there any thing of very good quality. The demand by country dealers was however tolerably brisk. Prices ranged be tween 455. and 58s. ; and nearly all was sold. CHESTER CATTLE FAIR.—On Thursday, the Septem ber Cattle Fair was held. The show was small. Barren cows were not in much demand ; but milkers were eagerly enquired after, and realised good prices. Fat cattle were worth from sid. to 6d. a pound, and sink ; fat mutton realised 6d. There was a good demand for store pigs. The horse fair was indifferently attended ; but useful nags were in demand. The gold mace, the gift of Queen Elizabeth to the cor poration of Lincoln, after nine years' banishment by the municipal reformers, has again been allowed to see day light on public occasions, and this month has been laid on the council-table during the meetings of the town- council. A TWOPENNY BANK-NOTE.—The editor of the Tyne Mercury acknowledges the receipt from a correspondent of " a curious specimen of our early currency, namely, a very handsomely-engraved note of the Womlmancote Bank, Gloucestershire, dated about half a century ego. and bearing the extraordinary value of twopence." Mr. Searle, woollen-manufacturer, of Tavistock, has been committed to the county gaol on a charge of forgery. Some time since he failed in business for about £3,000, and offered a composition of 10s. in the pound. The off,T was declined, and the management of his affairs passed into other hands. It is stated that forged bills for £25, £123, and £2OO, have been discovered. DEATH OF A MURDERER.—In June last a man named Blackburn murdered his wife, by cutting her throat, at Stouden Massey, near Chelmsford, and subsequently in flicted a frightful wound on his own throat. He was too ill to be tried at the last assizes, and on Friday week he died from extreme exhaustion. The deceased and his wife had been fellow. servants. VISIBLE POPERY.—The Record states that popish priests, with their half white and half black cravats, and long-tailed coats, begin to get numerous in London, and that the shops increasingly exhibit crucifixes and other popish trumpery in the windows. In Liverpool the same exhibitions are witnessed, and we can scarcely turn the corner of a street without observing three or four emis ' series from Maynooth, or Jesuits banished from France. INTERESTING DISCOVERY.—In working one of Mr. Harrison's coal-pits, at Clapgate Colliery, Pemberton, the men came to a place, which they supposed to lead to some workings which had been made up. On breaking it open they found that it had been worked to the extent of about 11 acres of coal, which they supposed must have been got upwards of 200 years ago. Two colliery tools were found, a pickaxe and a spade, the latter made out of a piece of solid oak, the back round and the front rim had been shod with sheet iron, some of which still adheres. I They are now in the possession of Mr. Banks, of Win stanly-hall. BOMAN:ISM AND MR. WARD'S MARRIAGE.—There will be no obstacle to Mr. Ward's becoming a Romish priest notwithstanding his marriage. A dispensation for the purpose will be the easiest of things imaginable. In the eye of the Romish Church he is now a layman. They may re-ordain him priest without asking him any inconsistent questions. Roman regulations are as elas tic as caoutchouc. They will shrink or extend with every little applied violence. Those regulations merely require that no priest of the Church of Rome shall marry. Well, then Mr. Ward is not a priest of that ancient communion. When he becomes one he will doubtless not marry—again. The thing has been done before, and, as the young Dane says, " 'tis as easy as lying !" CURIOUS EXCHANGE.—A most remarkable discovery was made in London, last week, on the apprehension for theft of a man styling himself William Fitch. The pri soner was identified as having, some time back, been tried with another man, whose name is Fitch. Both being convicted, they were sentenced, the man named Fitch to three months' imprisonment, and the prisoner, who now assumes the name of Fitch, to seven years' transporta tion. It now appears, that, while in Tothill-fields Prison, the parties agreed to change names, and, of course, punishments, and Fitch, instead of three months' impri sonment, is now serving out the other's term of transpor tation, and the prisoner, assuming the name of Fitch, underwent his companion's sentence, and was recently liberated. THE EXPERIMENTAL SQUADRON.—After a six weeks' cruise, the squadron has returned to port, and there seems I to be little doubt that the Queen and Albion, built by the Surveyor of the Navy, and launched in 1839 and 1842, have obtained a comparative advantage over their compe titors. We say comparative, inasmuch as both these vessels were repeatedly beaten by the Canopus, an old French ship, launched in 1794, and captured at the battle of the Nile. How far their accidental success may deserve to be regarded as a testimony to the sailing qualities of Sir Wm. Symonds' ships may be inferred from the fact that his two crack ships, one (the Vanguard) launched in 1835, and the other (the Superb) the very latest produc tion of his genius, proved themselves the worst sailers of the squadron ; having been beaten throughout the whole of the trials on all points of sailing. LINES OF STEAM VESSELS.—British enterprise has now established steam communication with the following countries :—To Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, by the Hull line; to St. Petersburgh ; to North Germany, by the Hull and London lines to Hamburg; to Holland, Belgium, and France, by the General Steam Company's vessels ; to the north and south of Spain and to Portugal, by the Peninsular Company's vessels ; to Italy, by the new line from London to Leghorn ; to Malta, the Levant, and Constantinople, by the new Line from Liverpool ; to Egypt, Arabia. Ceylon, India, Sincapore, and China, by the Oriental Steam Company's vessels ; to British America and the United States by the Cunard and Great Western lines from Liverpool ; to the West Indies, Mexico, and the north coast of South America, by the West India Line; to Peru and Chili by the West Coast line. To Brazil and the river Plate by the line now building in Liverpool. The only British Colonies of any importance which have riot now the advantage of steam communication with the mother country are the Cape, the Mauritius, and Australian Colonies. THE PATENT MORTAR LAMP AND MORTARS. —These Mortars, made from tallow, by the aid of a neat little lamp in which they are consumed, are far superior, as a night light, to the ordinary rushlight or float. They burn quite as long as we are told they do, without the least smell or dirt, and are at the same time extremely economical. The public will find, from an advertisement inserted in our paper of to-day, that a society, called the " Leeds Union Building Society," is about being established, and we have no hesitation in recommending it to their notice, as the advantages which such societies afford to small capitalists are obvious. The respectability of the parties connected with this society is sufficient to inspire the con fidence of the members and ensure its complete success. tiIEVMERPOOL STANDARD. Etttraturr. POETRY. IN A POOR- A PAUPER'S FIRST SUNDAY HOUSE. The Sabbath rose ! E'en from his earliest days It woke in him the voice of joy and prai-e, When sweetly floating o'er the quiet dells Came the glad music of its welcome bells ! In after years he loved the house of prayer, And led betimes his willing children there ; Now when he heard fr-m far the bell's slow toll The iron entered deep int) the soul, To think the temple of his Saviour's grace Was nought to him hut a forbidden place : Hard thoughts of God and man a moment cast Their evil influence, but as quickly pass'd, And memory took her flight, away—away — Through buried hopes to that far distant day When his glad feet the cowslip meadow trod, Beside his father, to the house of God! Like Israel's banished monarch, his vex'd soul Long'd for the courts where living waters roll; There the free swallow makes her happy nest, But there his wounded spirit may not rest! Oh ! if earth holds one consecrated spot Where all the six days' trouble enters not, Where pain and poverty forget to weep And holy hope her constant vigils keep, Pointing the mourner to his home on high, Where every tear is wiped from every eye, It is the poor man's church ! He enters there, And casts upon his God his every care. * Whilst earthly blest, the thoughtless and the gay, Find their reward in this life's little day, Through tribulation's straight and narrow road, He wends 'mid sighs and tears his way to God' Poor and afflicted' was his Master's lot, The poor man I, nows it, and he murmurs not; But as he walks with pain this vale of tears, A prey to all the ills our nature fears, Deny him not the solace God has given, To dry his tears and aid his way to heaven ; Enough of ill surrounds his rugged path, Man need not add the vials of his wrath, Nor let these prison walls their shadow throw O'er his vex'd soul and suff'ring body too." NOTICES. Rational Orthopedy, or the Treatment and Cure of Spi nal Curvatures and other Deviations. By A. M. Bu reaud-Riofrey, M.D. London : Bailliere. This pamphlet conveys an intelligible outline of the author's method of treatment of these distressing devia tions of the bony mechanism of the spine. The plan is certainly far better calculated for modifying the evil than any based upon strong supports and treacherous aids, in the shape of strait waistcoats, coats of mail, &c. ; and by the simple method of the author, more room is left to nature to operate her own cure than by any other ; which is, conse quently the optimism of the question for medical care of such puzzling questions, wherein too often we find sur geons, like the opposing groups of political partisans, pull ing in opposite directions for the attainment of the com mon good, and happy it is where they so often spend their energies in neutralising the antagonistic efforts. We re peat, Dame Nature has one chance left her in Dr. Rio frey's system, and we wish him success in his devotion to this subject, of which he may have for its motto the chosen title of one of Lord Byron's dramatic works, viz., " The Deformed Transformed" ! The simplicity will constitute an objection to the plan in many minds probably. Let the author handle his own weapon, " and he will be found cunning of fence." " Let n' mother be deceived by the apparent simplicity of this system ; unless she unierstands how to find the diagonal of a parallelogram of simple forces, she will never be able to take advantage of the only system of dynamics that can with safety and comfort be applied to young ladies." The Medical Times. Vol. XI I. No. 302. July This periodical keeps up with the march of science, in so much that we are glad to sharpen our own instrument at so famous a grindstone. It acuminates a round and rusted edge, and gives to our ivory paper-cutter the power and virtues of steel. The only thing we regret in its closely-columned pages is that in the leaders, whilst pass ing our ivory blade along them, we found the heat of the editorial articles had somehow or other given to our gen tle blade a wire edge ; and as we like to go smoothly along the paper path, and cut a slice where we list without any turning off, we should petition for a quieter tone in the editor's setting on his hone, or else the wheel whereon principles and opinions revolve will have occasionally to be applied to, in order to rectify our too lavish praises. VARIETIES NONCONFORMITY IN THE DAYS OF CHARLES THE SECOND. — The following pithy passage occurs in the History of the Reign of Charles the Second:—" The leading Puritans submitted to the disadvantages they in curred by the passing of the Test Act, that Popery might be more decidedly resisted." Oh, that such a spirit of self-renunciation was found in the leading Dissenters of the present day ! PRECEDENCE AMONGST SOVEREIGNS. — The Prussians have a curious method of settling the laws of precedence amongst the sovereigns of Europe. They place first in order the King of England, because he can boast of two houses. 2dly. The King of the French, who has two chambers. 3dly. The sovereigns who have only cabinets. 4thly. The grand seignior, who has nothing but a divan (or sofa.) And lastly, the pope, who is reduced to a chair. . . PROFITS OF LECTURES.—It is stated in a medical pe- riodicat work, that a lecturer on anatomy, who has a class of 250 pupils, receives 2,500 guineas annually for deliver ing a lecture, which occupies one hour daily for half a year, the expense of which to him, for dead bodies, &c., Cloes . not exceed £4O For the dissecting room he also receives six guineas for the season from each pupil, about 150, making 900 guineas. He receives five guineas for two courses of surgical lectures, about 150 pupils, making 750 guineas. His share of the receipts from pupils for attending the hospitals is about £1,500, making, in the whole, not quite £6,000 per annum. THE JEWS IN THE EAST.—The Jews of Jerusalem do not follow any trade ; they read and pray night and day, and are supported by the subscriptions of their brethren in all parts of the world. Soon after the arrival of the bishop he instituted daily service ; and great influence was givenby two physicians who went out with him, who have attended to the poor Jews, for whom an hospital has also been established. There is a great movement amongst the Jews there ; they secretly make inquiries ; and three rabbis who have embraced Christianity, and suffered the loss of everything, have been received into the college, and in a few years will prove the most effici ent missionaries in the East. IGIITING A DUEL.—Napoleon, when he was told that a cannon ball had killed a sailor who had hid himself in a cod of rope in the hold of a man-of-war, observed, " A man can never avoid his fate ;" a fact well illustrated by the following circumstance :—An Englishman, " brave as Julius Caesar," challenged a Frenchman to mortal com bat. Knowing John Bull to be a dead shot, the French man, being the challenged party, and having the choice of place, time, and weapons, selected night, a large dark apartment, and pistols. The seconds were to remain out side and give the word, after which each was to fire when he pleased. " Fire !" cried the seconds, when the com bats had been locked in, and declared themselves "ready." But no sound was beard. Johnny Bull could find no mark for an aim; and his adversary hearing him groping about the room fired at random. John was safe enough now ' • and, after searching every corner of the room in vain for any indication of the whereabouts of his antago nist, at length exclaimed, " Come, I'm tired of this fun ; besides, I'm satisfied ;" and he accordingly groped his way to the fireplace, and fired up the mouth of the chim ney. There was a shriek, and a yell, and down came the Frenchman, dead as a door nail!—American paper. __ THE FABLED MELODY OF THE DYING SWAN.—The melody ascribed to the dying swan has long been well known to exist only in the graceful mythology of the ancients ; but as few opportunities occur of witnessing the bird's last moments, some interest attaches to Mr. Waterton'spersonalobservationsonthispoint,which we can ourselves corroborate, having not long since been present at the death of a pet swan, which, like Mr. Waterton's favourite, had been fed principally by hand ; and, instead of seeking to conceal itself at the approach of death, quitted the water, and lay down to die on the lawn be fore its owner's door. "He then left the water for good and all, and sat down on the margin of the pond. He soon became too weak to support his long neck in an upright posit'on. Ile nodded, and then tried to recover himself; and then nodded again, and again held up his head • till at last, quite enfeebled and worn out, his head fell gently on the grass, his wings became expanded a trifle or so, and he died while I was looking on. . . . Although I gave no credence to the extravagant notion which antiquity had entertained of melody from the mouth of the dying swan, still I felt anxious to hear some plaintive sound or other, some soft inflection of the voice, which might tend to justify that notion in a small degree. But I was disappointed He never even uttered his wonted cry, nor so much as a sound, to indicate what he felt within."—Blackwood's Magazine. EQUAL JUSTICE TO IRELAND.—IS it necessary to ask, under circumstances such as these, what ought to be done by men who have high principle to maintain, and who have precious interests at stake? Their course ought to be sufficiently clear—they should combine—take counsel to gether—and unite their strength for the maintenance of their beleaguered cause. They should open out before the British, as well as the Irish people—before judges, adver saries, friends—what they are—what they complain of — what they desire ; and they should make known the re sources at their command for the enforcement of their rights. Equal justice should be their cry; and a united people should raise it. England will soon respond favour ably to such a demand. She will see, on the one hand, large masses impatient of connexion with her, possessed with a spirit of hatred to her institutions, which conces sion cannot conciliate, anti calling out for increased powers that they may crush fast iriends of hers, or perhaps win them over from her through disgusts which she has caused them : on the other hand, she will see a body less ntrne rous, but needing only her encouragement to prove that it is not less powerful—a body which has never yet shrunk from her in any emergency—which has ever rejoiced in her triumphs, and sympathised in her distresses ; and she will hear from this body the simple demand of justice— the demand, that, as they had relinquished to her great powers, on a compact that she herself would use them, she do not hand them over to what they may well call, (from the manner and because of the principle and spirit in which it will be exercised,) a foreign jurisdiction. She will hear them say, let Ireland be governed as a part of the British empire—a right purchase at a very high price —and not be regarded as a colony handed over to the power of Roman Catholic bishops. She will hear them ! ask, that the system of undertakership be altogether aban doned ; and this claim, duly and perseveringly urged upon the attention of the British senate, will be heard and granted.—Dublin University Magazine. FIRST ESTABLISHMENT OF POPERY IN IRELAND BY ENGLAND.—Thus it was that popery became the esta blished religion of Ireland. An ambitious monarch and an encroaching pontiff conspired against its temporal and spiritual independence. Henry agreed to reduce the hurch to an ecclesiastical subjection to the Church of Rome, as the price of being acknowledged as the sove reign lord over its lands and inhabitants. It is not sur prising that the great temptation held out to the clergy, not only of station and dignity, but of ample possessions, should have won many of them to the cause of the inva ders. Rome was at that time in the plenitude of its power and greatness, and pointing to the kingdoms and the glory of the world, could say to those from whom she claimed homage, " all these will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me." The wonder is, that there remained so many sturdy recusants, by whom this splendid and daz zling offer was resisted. But every day must have dimi nished their numbers. In proportion as the power of England prospered, the religion of Rome must have pre vailed. And the acknowledgment of the English sove reign as the undisputed lord, would necessarily have in volved the establishment of the pope's supremacy; and this, in point of fact, became established and recognised, and the phalanx of popery organised and completed, just about the time when the church in England began to be actuated and agitated by a spirit of enlightened reforma tion.—Dublin University Magazine. WOMAN IN AFFLICTION.—I have very often had occa sion to remark the fortitude with which women sustain the most overwhelming reverses of fortune. Those disas ters which break down the spirit of man and prostrate him in the dust, seem to call forth all the energies of the softer sex, and give such intrepidity and elevation to their character, that at times it approaches to sublimity. No thing can be more touching than to behold a soft and ten der female, who had been all weakness and dependence, and alive to every trivial roughness, while treading the prosperous paths of life, suddenly rising in mental force to be the comforter and support of her husband under misfortune, and abiding with unshrinking firmness the bitterest blasts of adversity. As the vine, which has lung twined its graceful foliage about the oak, and has been lifted by it in the sunshine, will, when the hardy plant is rifted by the thunderbolt, cling round it with its caressing tendrils, and bind up the shattered boughs ; so is it beau tifully ordered by Providence, that woman, who is the mere dependant and ornament of man in his happier hours, should be his stay and solace when smitten with sudden calamity—binding herself into the rugged recesses of his nature, tenderly supporting the drooping head, and binding up the broken heart. I have observed that a mar ried man falling into misfortune is more apt to retrieve his situation in the world than a single one, partly because he is more stimulated to exertion by the necessities of the helpless and beloved beings who depend upon him for sub sistence, but chiefly because his spirits are soothed and relieved by domestic endearments, and, his self-respect kept alive by finding that, though all abroad is darkness .and humiliation, yet there is still a little world of love at home, of which he is the monarch ; whereas, a single man is apt to run to waste and self-neglect —to fancy himself alone and abandoned, and his heart to fall to ruin, like some deserted mansion, for the want of an inhabitant.— Washington Irving. BURKE'S FIRST PUBLIC APPEARANCE.—There ap peared in this debate a new speaker, whose fame for elo quence soon rose above the ordinary pitch. His name was Edmund Burke, an Irishman, of a Roman Catholic family, and actually married to one of that persuasion. He had been known to the public for a few years by his " Es say on the Sublime and Beautiful," and other ingenious works : but the narrowness of his fortune had kept him down, and his best revenue bad arisen from writing for booksellers. Lord Rockingham, when raised to the head of the Treasury, had taken Burke as his private secretary, as Mr. Conway had his cousin William. Edmund imme diately proved a bitter scourge to George Grenville, whose tedious harangues he ridiculed with infinite wit, and an swered with equal argument. Grenville himself was not more copious ; but with u nex h auste d f ert ili ty, B ur k e had an imagination that poured out new id eas , metap h ors, an d allusions, which came forth ready dressed in the most or namental, and yet the most correct language. In truth, he was so fond of flowers, that he snatched them if they presented themselves even from Ovid's Metamorphoses. His wit, though prepared, seldom failed him; his judg ment often. Aiming alw a y s a t th e b r illi ant, and rarely concise, it appeared that he felt rea ll y no thi ng b ut t h e l ust of applause. His knowledge was infinite, but vanity had the only key to it; and though, no doubt, he aspired highly, he seemed content when he had satisfied the glory of the day, whatever proved the event of the debate. This kind of eloquence contented himself, and often his party ; but the house grew weary at length of so many essays. Having come too late into public life, and being too con ceited to study men whom he thought his inferiors in abi lity, he proved a very indifferent politician—the case of many men I have known, who have dealt too much in books or a profession ; they apply their knowledge to ob jects to which it does not belong, and think it as easy to govern men when they rise above them, as they found, when themselves were lower, and we their superiors, by flattery. It is, perhaps, more expedient for a man of mean birth to be humble after his exaltation than before. In. solence is more easily tolerated in an inferior, than in an inferior mounted above his superiors."—Walpole's Me moirs of the Reign of George 111. AMUSEMENTS OF THE CHINESE.—With regard to the general amusements which are resorted to by the Chinese to get rid of the tedium of a luxurious and indolent exis tence, they may be summed up in a very short space, and are in their nature of a perfectly in-door character. The vice of gambling is a propensity which pervades every class of society, from the " High Officers" and wealthy merchants who risk their thousands, down to the lowest beggar, who will not only stake the very rags upon his back, but absolutely the humble porridge upon which he exists, subjecting himself to the privation of food for days, rather than not be allowed to indulge in this most ruinous and demoralising of vices. The cards with which the Chinese play are of an oval forth, and covered with characters quite unintelligible to any one unacquainted with their language. The players, thus engaged, at times seem perfectly absorbed in deep thought and attention, when they suddenly break out into fits of immoderate joy, which they express by laughing, and by a curious noise which they make with their tongue resembling kissing, the whole of which has a most ludicrous effect. The Mandarins not only stake money, but are also in the habit of playing for great quantities of unredeemed pawnbrokers' pledges, which many of them possess in right of being the principal proprietors in these respecta ble establishments. Cock-fighting is a pastime to which the Chinese have been long attached; they match their cocks for large stakes in their natural spurs; they also fight quails in the same manner. Their public amuse ments consist of theatres, where plays are performed which last sometimes a whole day, the subject being generally either historical or in honour of their most re nowned warriors. Amongst them may be found some most expert jugglers ; also fortune-tellers abound, who are much sought after by all classes. These people as semble in the public gardens, which are most beautifully laid out, where the game of battledoor and shuttlecock is carried on by women in a most extraordinary and scienti fic manner. They use their little peg-like feet for battle doors, and can strike the shuttlecock either behind or before them with great precision, keeping up the game for a great length of time without making the slightest mistake. The flying of kites is a pastime which is en joyed by boys and men of all ages, and it is not an un common thing to see an old man of upwards of sixty dis porting himself on a breezy day with his flying dragon or some other such mythological-looking monster.—Pit man's Sporting Magazine. THE SCIENCE OF THE SCRIPTURES.—It has been said that the Scriptures contain the germ of all true philoso phy. Most certain it is that science has grown up and flourished almost exclusively among that favoured portion of mankind to whom the sacred writings have been made known. These ennobling truths have expanded the mind, subdued the crude and roaming intellect, and directed the judgment to views both of physical and moral nature, which have been conducive in the highest degree to the progress of civilization. Though the sacred writers on no occasion professedly treat of natural science, yet we find many allusions to the operations of nature scattered through their pages. Much of the beautiful imagery of Scripture, too, is drawn from natural objects—the flow ers of the field, the birds of the air, and the beasts of the forest, are all employed to illustrate and exalt the ways of Providence with man. What a treasure would be found could we recover at this day the lost treatises of Solomon on all these subjects! Many illustrations might be given of the accuracy of scientific allusions found in Scripture; we shall select a few. Solomon says (Ecclesiastes, i. 7), ' All the rivers run into the sea ; yet the sea is not full : into the place from whence the rivers come thither they return again.' This is just the modern explanation of atmospheric evaporation. Clouds of moisture rise from the ocean, float about in the atmosphere, descend in rain, and, collecting into rivers, this moisture, after minister ing to plants and animals, flows again into the sea. From the expression ' there ariseth a little cloud out of the sea,' (1 Kings xviii. 43), and various other rimilar allusions, it is perfectly evident that the sacred writers were familiar with atmospheric evaporation. Yet, at a comparatively modern period, it was a favourite theory of meteorolo gists, that the waters of the ocean made their way up from the sea through the porous sand and rocks; and thus fil tered, lost their saline particles, and then issued as springs of fresh water from the mountain tops and sides. And this explanation was made to harmonize with the words of Solomon just quoted. Nothing, however, could be more incorrect than this explanation, both in a chemical and mechanical acceptation. Unchemical, because no filtration will deprive water of salts dissolved in it by a chemical solution—unmechanical, because no fluids, even supposing a capillary attraction, will rise in such quan tities, or to such heights, contrary to the known laws of hydrostatics. When clearer views of the laws of evapo ration revealed the falsity of this theory, the error was extended to Solomon also, a lth oug h it is evident that his statement agrees both with the actual process of nature, as well as with the latest and most correct exposition of this process. It is not a little remarkable to observe, that Moses in his detail of the animal creation follows exactly the modern zoological arrangement—that Is, he begins with the formation of the simplest animals, and ascends in the scale according to the complexity of the higher in stance did Now, it is e v ident that Moses in this did not adopt any cotemporary system of zoology, because the system of the Egyptian priests, as far as we learn from Pythagoras and Aristotle, who gleaned part of their information from them, was by no means so scientific. From Aristotle downwards a very inconitilete arrange ment of the animal kingdom prevailed,; and,. in fact,it was not till the time of Cuvier, in the beginning of the present century, that any thing like a correct , arrange ment *of animal beings was accomplisherl. After long and laborious researches Made by this:great naturalist and his coadjutors into the minute structure and comparative anatomy of animalZ, a system was "framed, beginning with the simplest and lowest forms of creeping thitigs, and m a lsn y ! _ ascending o by g ,as Weekly Instructor. progressiye scale tor the ' most perfect ani- Sept. _?.;t , , tratbi THE CHRISTIAN AS A LEGISLATOR.--The, - ,,g tO which the Christian may attain and hold so firm l y s - e - bis rest on it for his own salvation, he may also safely 11,1 is influence in spreading amongst his fellow-men. 'if it an ruler. For this merely not only lawful—it is his clear and absolute d st , a be his duty as a Christian, it is doubly his duty -- 1 013 " Christi ligation resting upon all who know and love the tr b. , the further bond of a special office and appointment, r: the God of truth, to be a minister for the good Of othe2 and to use the talent of this intrusted authority for sties highest welfare of the subject people. For C hris I th rulers to renounce this office, is to become heathens With a double aggravation,—in the midst of Christian lip adds to the gene ra ut b, and in spite of the special mercy and favour of Flim i . 1? has exalted them to so honourable a trust---Rer' Birks INSTINCT AND TAMENESS OF FISHES.---We I, the following notice of the finny tribes from the Gar o f Chronicle. It furnishes a beautiful illustration °fetal], character of that dominion over the fish of the sea as "„, to „, as the fowl of the air with which the All-wise Creator 'P o vested unfallen man :—" Of minnows I had two Ye, s ass ago, no fewer than thirteen, ranging about in a larg re , globe, and I taught them not only to know me, bu t to ecre some lively air. On such occasions they would cognise the sound of my voice, whilst I whistled tallt rise a to the top of the water, salute me by touching m 9 1439 01 I bent closely over the bowl, and actually leap ;re play with the extremity of my nose ! They woo , - eot oneov erofondle fionvgeerr fingers, w , h b i y ch I purposely rubbing d silverdipped esides t 0 8g f tb a fond watery habitation—in this particular imitating t he a ll ther increased in intensity, they gave up ness of a cat. The usual fate, however peculiar to ea. pets, awaited mine ; one by one, as the heat of the w__ a my glass globe was consigned to the silent s helf. It, b e , months since, my eye chanced to rear on the sail] , gio c and there was awakened in me the fondest remem bta° I of my tiny friends. You may guess the consequence. 0 have procured more, confining myself, however, ta tin t i only ; and I have actually accomplished with these efba,., did with the others, or very nearly so, for they everYfru; become more and more affectionate and attached. " deli their exquisitely-delicate structure, and still more deli their cate constitution, will bear up against the coming 1 7; days I cannot say. I fear the worst. I keep th e g, - cold well water, fresh twice a-day ; and they suffef" selves, most willingly, to be taken in the flak eband d u ring whilst being transferred from the basin ' globe to a ; , !la the change of water. Surely the law of kindnes s •' 0 powerful. Would that it were more universally trie" o r REFORM IN LAW PLEADINGS.—Down to th° Li c e 1832, the system of common law pleading and P ra This the ghost, an d supplied the student, during the greater Period of a pupilage, with little else than the most deg despai ring unprofitable drudgery. It presented to Ins despelr'of detail, which defied the efforts of any but the eyes a mass of vile verbiage—a tortuous cornPle .sitY p , ing ingenuity and industry. There was r eally e v a thing to discourage and disgust a liberal and enlighten ling mind, however well inured to labour by the invig ur9t e l ed discipline of logic and mathematics. The de e P t here" clear waters—so to speak—of legal princielei na always were, and will be, for they are immutable ro ugh eternal ; but you had to buffet your way to them th r°- .. " many a mile of foaming filth," that harrassedlcere hausted, and choked the unhappy swimmer, long b a 2bo he could get sight of the offing Few besides those Who had had the equivocal advantage of beingegarly fauailiaf',l„.. with such gibberish, as " special general imparllnceds. "special testatum capias"—" special original' --- ' te- e' r tum pone"—,, protestande_,, ea lo de bene ease, &c., &c., &c., could obtain a glimmering of dailY. Pr of lice, without a serious waste of timeand d epreciation o ld b ow mental faculties. Let the thousands who, under 1 - a le gal system, almost at once adopted and abandoned o studies, attest the truth of this remark. There was' eter' short, every thing to discourage a gentleman from ee• 0 . ing, to obstruct him in prosecuting, the legal prafessrd, Recently, however, a great change has been e ffe e c ip e gt There has been a real reform—a practical, sca r f sn a king comprehensive reform of the common "7, ,i !5; down of innumerable dead leaves and rotten brance-Oo a cutting away of all the shoots of prurient vegetati",ai which served but to disfigure the tree, and to ro a n Pal and injure its fruit. Now you may see, in the O ra ; ra •ts law, a tree noble in its height and figure, sinewy T ra l lt. branches, green in its foliage, and goodly in its ' b l e May it be permitted, however, to express an hu w i l is asid e hope, that the gardener will know when to 101 l SECONDbeenan idle looker-on knife ! —Warren's Law Studies.mostereeery t o ted ha l :Il e-l o s t of by Ronge. The anathemas of her bishop were hur le f 5 Ol f a ith 0. the onset, against the seceding priests and their congregations. In Bohemia the letter of Ronge w tta f i r it hibited and condemned, but, in spite of oppositievrith found its way to the hearths of the people, and me t aga inst eager readers. Bitter pamphlets were written egTrop Ronge, all breathing hatred of the press which had. g reen publicity to his writings. Sermons from the puln.ff e 'r v ira in horror of the new doctrines, and pretended, wit"eiati tuous indignation, to lay bare the character of their A t ed tutors. Ronge was described as a dissolutea nd wi soie man, living in taverns, and delighting in evil COruP eo ld The defamation found no believers. To those who would stand firm to the religion of their fathers it was Pr t uri o a that their names should be written in letters of ke"t br ibe book kept by the Pope for that holy purpose. lug„ r eaan met with no recipients. The numbers of the new u' e ' ne st Catholic Church daily and hourly increased. Afr",7ce the Protestant powers of Gerrrany, Brunswick a' ; P declared herself favourable to the new' cause, and ale-res adherents her active co-operation. And what owes; ' t hat sia to Roman Catholicism. which, from the reoroetpoee Prussia became a German kingdom, has used its infl";;cle to weaken and aggrieve her? Hemmed in on ever! iiest by different Catholic powers, all eager to seize the ear oti a opportunity of diminishing her influence and cut tit leeit her power, Prussia must be circumspect and wary ; f a ill e. not the less disposed to welcome the messenger 0,1 ' T he dom that comes with the gladd 'd' herself' •• n g laddest ti din to OW ° attitude of Prussia has been such as her difficult P eeg e-- rendered necessary. She has given no active encet;to ment to the doctrines of the new faith, but her pas tbe leration has not been misunderstood. She rece" - t she natural remonstrances of Austria and Bavaria' bu s t he has not been moved by the earnest appeal to oPl s r es t heir people struggling for her release no less than !,°r,hoeci institii, e own. The left bank of the Rhine is still purely l' a ' tha t the establishment of the principles of Ronge atoll , e s. gorgeous shore will give to Prussia faithful be ar ? p ion' tranged from her now, though submitting to her don u ii i e te The present King of Prussia has done much to enu c bat the Roman Catholic clergy settled in his king a°r % b° his conciliation has failed to remove the hatred bor, a p , its the priesthood against a Protestant power binclerie;aiol movements at every turn. Every political Co sea granted to Catholicism by the king upon the 1141 , 11 , 0 er elsewhere has been received, as in Ireland, witu, l'aooll pressionsofgratitude,but rather a as due, no t with because extorted by the force of circumstances• p..., tbe t looks suspiciously upon the formation of any socele'soal aims at liberty, whether it be that of the body og re tuefustec Once begin to remove the fetters which ages h f o llef i on the human limbs, and what consequences V a l test a/i n t the returning sense of positive freedom ? The 'lda " f sanction of Hanover is yet wanting to the undert aking John Ronge.— Tim A ND , ..,1 0gtY ; WILLIAM PITT NAPOLEON BONAPART.• 1 aa• well comprehend that feeling, for it was mY owe earrogi Pitt laid in the grave ; I looked down into tbe i 1 " 0 eir; bed where slept all that was mortal of the man vz i re " tually wielded the whole supremacy o f EuroP e ' oo vel e s how little can man estimate the future ! Nap yet the in his glory, when Pitt was in his shroud• w as t, b ,d infinitely more honoured, and thus more baPPY,' e hle a _,; ( l fate of him by whose sepulchre all that was l', eo cee' - e c memorable in the living generation stood in re ce 'ijele a "; sorrow, than the last hour of the prisoner of St - 1 ;001 Both were emblems of their nations. The Eng ' t • pro u manly, pure, and bold, of unshaken firmn ess ,.o ol , lo ft: reliance on the ' resources of his own nature, an forte a, perseverance through good and through ev i 4 . e eect a ee The foreigner, dazzling and daring, of singular iP'd 0 4 vividness, and of a thirst of power which die ail ' ' II th e first slaked but at sources above the ambition of a t he tre , warriors and statesmen of Europe. He " s o eceP" as who dreamed of fabricating anew the old Boratarae 55 " th and establishing an empire of the world. ii, is p 'a it v ' ec l re for a prodigious stake, and for awhile he PeY o ' tit iosr e - 0 1 , prodigious fortune. He found the mo ral he • e e filled with the floating elements of revolution:it o p ni, lected the republican electricity, and dischargeueide s led cusps and pinnacles of the European thrones dwdipeiPa`tb, ble effect. But, from the moment when he h a s treugbis that charm, he lost the secret of his irresistible 30 ; 0 0 le i As the head of the great republic, making °l s to 'f ea t precursor, calling on the old wrongs of natioetheancoto his way, and marshelling the new-born hneea•ooritinehipe injuries, and the ardent imaginations of the before;''big kingdoms to fight his battles; the world lay a . , tree eon with all its barriers ready to fall at the first oven c bk pg horse's hoof. As an Emperor, he forged his °• ht , el l o ar Napoleon, the chieftain of frepublicanisnai „ a rch , . 8 $ revolutionized Europe; Napoleon, the 0 3 °" ti. Lil t ho le r rowed his supremacy to the sweep o sat tote d , the ' l ir ; necromancer weary of his art, he terebbo a ~ j ea treasury of his magnificent illusions into and , bu, s , to flung away his creative wand for a sceptre; ,3 e p 5 t o the book of his magic " ten thousand fathoults, S'i for replace it only by the obsolete statutes of cou f „pate „0 Fos. r $ weak etiquette of governments in decay. l e err° ' ine mankind that he committed this irrecoverab , of ;tic, was content to be the lord of France, inste . 7 deSP.l;elf the sovereign of opinion ; for his nature s c . : o ga i e ja• and his power must have finally shaped dna i',,, lonf'dert into a stupendous tyranny. Still, be m ight e nd won so r, fluenced the fates, and long excited the awe and ',is 4 00,: of Etrrope. We, too, might have worshiPP ben° °3- aei 5 .; and have forgotten the danger of the flaming P e . we ° e pee in the rapidity and eccentricity of its course,_ai it to B ,o eclipsing the old luminaries in successi orlon n It wa„ror our orbit, and visited us in conflage of the r e ro' that Pitt died of a broken heart, in desPa',.,„ wso,4ter pects of England. The defeat of Austerinnie may cfloao flounced his death-blow. What thougbeta ne t o°..aer round the sleepless pillow, who shall tell f_ a m e '0 Wr t be r knew England better •, none had a boldetetr n b , itn eo ce, severance and principle ; none had more D °l;balrePd of e foundations of victory in national ho deep e ,-, deso l .o t h be driven into the belief that William r,_ _ o ho, fe e d: his country. He died in the vigour of hip . A o f the,l th° l a the mf"aoded ell re: proudest struggle of the empire, an d ell ' hunt? e b eat trial which for a thousand years // Wain re of faculties of England. Yet, what man _ rec kon s ter 0 collection had lived so long, if we are ! .. V, ltit o it 3 _ s tb, by the calendar but by triumphs " eim pelf, %era; England, what minister of Europe, bu t " e _ tt eentf ' e ssal t o , head of his government for three -an" EaroP ean e Su r . What man had attained so high an except 0 ,, pr? ? What mind had influenced so large anin`stinetives7jeiiii, peen interests ? What name was a ° ro ong i t ' 0° in first a rcr bf l r y flounced by every nation, as the e ras -ntil To have earned distinctions like these . , boy et o_4. tamed all that time could give. dot weekly° years, Pitt's true age was patriarchal. e- EM 41 1 , 41141 ba t Peki log— terr ley, the