The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-03-21 00:00:00

&M I 21, 1848. CORRESPONDENCE, FIE CHURCH.-PARTY SPIRIT. It nil. EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, (Conclusion.) u ta p trti. th, we have far less to do with the issues of things 1 ,2! with their probation ; and if in the latter we have liii l : n °llt. best, we are called upon both by reason aild . re tioas 14 , calm our anxieties and to repress our anticipa rove at. calm the former. We are neither omniscient to viteiriaor omnipotent to rule the event ; but having our at am ple prescribed, the safest them only course is to do ohe same time exercising st cautious foresight KZl:ig ruled by the most deliberate wisdom. etsy ,P in g this great and consoling principle in viw, it is il l '47' see how the contracted spirit which I have n noticed v aci Tis letter is utterly' antagonistic to its lofty teaching ki e uPPosed to its guidance. Before, then, we instil simple Q l Ples of practice, and expound the course of duty, _ eil enlY to tr u th must b e detected and vanqu i shed. te cast attack the prejudices before we apply ourselves bsfor e mesons of mankind and break down the barriers journey. the we send t rut h on its Our affections are mistresse s of our will, and the will generally rules the vi7eetrranding. Men must be made willing to be con the:before convi c ti on can se i ze them, and their natural Position to one course overcome ere we can direct (leafh t° another. We might as well hope to awake the bli nd V sounding a trumpet in his ears, or to terrify the t,eepbY b di • tu t u ran slung a sword b e f ore his eyes, as to effec each th e understanding or alarm the fears of one ab s e by the galling chains and fortified by the unyielding oxideY of prejudice. But let it not for a moment be b red that I intend to apply the remarks contained the th eoreti principle of state parties; for however paint the Tphilosophers may represent the advantages and Bteedi e beauty of outward seeming unity, and notwith those atke sPecious but hollow and despicable cant of eoat e ;"° oY the disruptions of all state combinations and bre a k t Pt of all liCobeartstitobtieen Party-honour and obligation . hope to have evertPon the integrity of the Constitution ; parties t n England the mightiest bulwarks of he r ,„ ni‘t . e and the most effectual conservators of he r OagO l Cr' indeed, of that licentiousness to which d.eh wherevuer are wont t ive the sacred name, and whic featur c e bens the haggard aspect and revolting Godl y sfrf, monster and a fury, but of that genuine egai - , ° , 111 , which is arrayed in all the graces and. a ped a ,,,' 4 lta all the appliances of a heaven-born 111 Lvi n ' "`f is indeed the brightest treasure we can possess %%P a t t y 'a Wu defendin g di e; t h at lib erty w hi c h ma y b e i m -, Pytho n re cognised from the effects she produces on the ich cherishes her, and which requires not the as etZee of freezing science, or the illustrations of " political ta,°mY" to discover and display her beauties and advan .°l'; which is at once dignified in her demeanour and iC' l. °lts in her aspect ; in whose right hand it may be said r ef sits to court the suppliant, and in her left justice UT:" to restrain the oppressor ; which is, in a word, etiU k aPlest model of the moral effects of that religion r ith .! God intended to be her companion and her guide. i nt Is liberty I firmly believe the wise system of parties 0.0 the best preservative that the wisdom of man could Clse or the frailty of man require. But the " party L" I have b een en d eavouring to explain and dissect, 5 most destructive of the end which the other is in t7_ed to answer, cannot be identified with it. A consti portal, party is establi s h e d not merely for its own sup eff,,m,"s out for the accomplishment of an end by the most bZnal means, for the good of the commonwealth, the ihrp tion of order, the protection of religion,—from 1 4 ? faction is in the principle widely distinguished, and them e Practice should be diligently eschewed. Let us not aC h laistake that paltry and ' dangerous spirit which is the la tt er ng of narrow prejudice, and the foster-child of will tebnarance, for the honest, inbred affection, which is tie ret - atly the m os t salutary preservative from licentious mistake 'lid infidelity ; nor, on the other hand, . tlie fi,, the impartial disinterestedness, which is tiakiii•%eharacteristic of an honest man, and the foremost bl e w/ nt a sincere inquirer, for the cant of that despica the _oeralism which is the most frightful plague-spot and T o most noxious disease of this specious and rotten age. eo4n4od t ogether for the support of our religion and our . bat Wh en su rely to form ourselves into a holy compact , religion, Ze, lose sight of that object which at the first e n „" R ail l us together, and put personal motives for lament faction for country, we break the sacredli btoo.thihthreiewasheut-uritryePfioorllnsuctetcealttleiedsaucsreadndbotnhde, loftyw e motives the withfidelity inspired. . From defenders of a right for • ,we become as dishonourablecandidates in an unhalloweddishonourablevictory, and degrade the stage of aatry t t tsil l. and religion into an arena for personal contests are ndtctive opposition To be engaged on such an tt 4 O u p f t is his . , Is, by man . considered to be the surest lamentn " ° n o aY and the only evidence of zeal; whilst _n to' discourage the u . nn . atural contests of lateen, and to decline inscribing the bad of 411 e O Y °n one's banner, is to be denounced . as tlied Ilscientious than any, and one who would sacrifice 4 44 :earest interests of the Church and the most impor- Pbo;llfirements of truth to the attainment of quietness i tp: e :• But I firmly believe there are some, nay, ' -14 4—nay, perhaps the . great est number—whose l bssi t It is, that - b ., and 4 . at without wrangling, without envy, without i a a Lloo, they steadily walk the middle path. the fr om Way. which, equally distinguished from heresy ; 7% ti a° schism, is ' characterised only by staunch affec ta dam". reverential adherence to their Evangeli cal Church, ti,ne d' • t oe g of discipline, and in authority. The convic • v o these men ar e no l e ss deep and serious, though " 41 Yin 14 bb e less rife with their protestations, and less 4rea,..byie Performance of their duty ; nay, though they bat e ,„(who by the noise they make seem to be ., the e `y ri n ‘. lar e in reality " ram ayes" in ecclesia) as eou sei _ cowards, I strongly believe them to be the i. et t• 13 "hone and the highest-principled of Church v7tli fe,.lt though these men are unwilling to fight to the 4 dr. ' 44 1 points of controversy, or to adopt as their it t te . , ord the cry of any party ; though they are unw!llk /, tatZlect such a dishonour on their Church as to thin distinguish themselves by the . name or . the name " Catholic" (knowing . , as 4 11 , 44 41.1 8 'ma l, d t bat their Church possesses all the doctrines under the first, and all the characteristic fea- Stue4Pressed by the latter) • yet they cannot desert the ntekhalents of their Church' when enemies are in the Ned shrink from the post of action when they are ti r ' e rtion7 I ti,not by faction or caprice. but by duty and af ii,e2.tectothi o live "at peace with all men" is doubtless a 0 - vk a° ol ° etecl and admired, and to need no buckler for 1 1 - e I W Safe p sw.ord for battle—to be in a happy as well feet; n "sistent :%. 1 °o• But it behoves us to see that peace ti ,`ags only „,",!'n higher motives, and that it is not our e s _"&nickle „' "inch dictate its preservation ; that when we "'ere b arino e " field ur , and lock our sword in its sheath, L nee& which dem..nds our presence, and no foe 2att r elmision. It were but a poor and disgraceful ` 1 44 Wlake, if our country were threatened with inva -11/4211d enemies already on its shores, that we could walk 1 0 4 ,7 u Without a weapon, and that we kept our distance wohthe field of battle. §urely, i n suc h a case, peace 04 1 ;21ite only theinsensibility o f . selfishness, an d the tithiwkint of cowardice. B u t still it also behoves us to N R _aof as partisans, but as Churchmen ; not as if with the t 7lar opinions of independent sects, but as all united „S ile ,common ground ; those that cannot do this fall xliTort, or go very far beyond, the principles of true tlti e 'ataansbip. We should not find it difficult to point to tflost prominent members or ministers of the Church the i : e i et o t ice in almost invidious appellations, and who under vactive designations are either almost dissenters in o tl ad iett eV i th u lg but outward appearance and communion,. or Pretended auspices of " High Church" pnnci lbittr°Pound r e 4 the destructive doctrines of Popery to their wel t r e.ben: A a Vrers ; but we . want neither such " Low Is th e t i. ll or such " High Churchmen"—what we ee "int, sir, h p n torehm an. ab in u ar ks, lea v - l' e ,„ must conclude these somewhat desultory toh - o'vati oo r ,""g to future leisure and opportunity further a., ll „cted With Points directly and indirectly more or less solicit Y o llr kindness ao and aarin u nd pon favour. ur the Cncii, when I may NIGEI lOSPITAL CHAPLAINS, I ' I rOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. , % /t . Y411 01, 1-17 ' 0 1' some time past I have thou . gh s t ve o r f y ad gr te t ss a i n n d g 41' 81lbje t 11 . 1 I regret, from it ,1 Iti npo cvelc t Ntio rtnce, has not met Nyithamo h r a e s Zkeif(,4l. here a Christian public than . . 4 "°? ~`;". I mean the subje c t sel.i hithertoouseOblle.Seln still I of hospital chaplainship. f klrla r r°tn my w' 'm e an appointment, 'ic't. ' -' , s fa f wish to wound the feelings of any Ni t an holding so responsible ;kht ~s' duly to state that during an experience of o en f n h n e ee l t as ed t °F d i ff er t fi e f , a 's, in which I have been more o . 'i°4tltiati,4"‘"ieer:rfehltlPluitachis gtrhireovuedghtootiwt i t t h ne e ss kingdo li m til l e have titne Ztlts'elltien were devoted to administering h t o o w the n s ti p n ir na itu ll a y l 17 1 %4 ~` ithe 'many suffering inmates wh field more op 4°,ttys.'se'taia the wills of these noblebuildin o gs e ; o for it has 1 , IN. e aled to me that, if there be one bar e t op re i v n e e ai nt e l d Y t ca rl l l e th tila , ted t is th i a n n a su n e o h ther yl f u o ni r s th a e s t w h i e d s e e: k1).4°1% - le re are not only ever to be fo as und u nu ar m ts be n rs f th o e f `:ilfortunate sufferers who come from all p the sound of k B lkt p , e , globe, and on whose ears it may 4 Y 4 fterli e has never fallen ; but there al% of our own I, ll fiel v - ma)", the most abject and profliga te nno t hut pouring in, ti t l il lir4 .114Pnelated streets. And though we ca the , after a , i 5 4.4 of th • et deeply impressed with the w ca h r a e t a t r h e at is 11, ell' Aerishino• bodies yet , ared d on them when com_p w , *4itthieisr4kilrtwsht.bey. enjoy, and what is all the medical or ta, t 'k aNi ee ,lch is bestowed tatil:'s '?fea s it ,of their never-p . e f r gr ish e i a n t g er s v o a u lu ls e . weNreo set,ust e fo.e_►iestitetitltaost appears_ 1 here we tzzo tipl rT, o n the body than on the soul. Let n h Hospital, in thy tow ys . ~,, i t h ana e ...tiaettpe..swo,.lllloeusNefsrltirgeerQnns, %NI me ' diem 0;_ot casualtie . s, and n o n ne le o s f s w t h h o an m .s i m the Ltttunent a _ ' n .v r their presence et i is required : such is tk.,,,°l' wil e ,„_ :ens, attending regularly, g and liab .s le alha"- N 3 11(34Urfietalneillit W" t r u e a s f e state things. NiVsehind tile t)ri.resitiett honorary to the care of the bin o a d b v e es . a chaplain , who has on t)killatts:lll. visiting a large, most depraved a ng to the OsDit4,:l and of the town as well as attend man, ~gowev:,' and, I would k is Ps ' it possible for any 4 .. hdense h, s ' el ltlii 2ealons, in defatigalile, and active he may be, e_ni - ' l 9 nc) Perform both these offices ? I feel certain . that gropee el f e i th whe for a moment considers the subject must rb, rne that at all events it is more than one can l terif 4 Y , and ono short hour the Sunday, which is the ( '' l ' 'l 7 l'evf°ral• What is half an hour or an hour in . the ti,„ ,of ~, _, ,oe eeie a n d that can be devoted, in consequence . of du ttleti Ilected With the church ? When I consider the ti2as of rtl eneY se t aually to our missionary eta' s'j 4 4 e j; l Tad ; whenn out look at the glorious endeavours bk _ s qie s -- behalf of the pastoral Aid and other similar mi tt. ( j rl,?‘ ee - h i g t c ' a m ke e tL , can t but think that the subject Iy . is v.iti l • s,llot „...warile%fiorely from the fact that a chnstlan h than heathen darkess. kill dot i " 'Le Deep'Gtid'i ielre m aied ore truth, which covers the Most any suffering inmates of our hos . IA )ents an a are Pe i _ m l bus u" — ht, here ig no to here th e on fair SP." Of pleOT I in on forth int, neti ll P e p - ' 4l , Le o d 0 ' " • ° nd col9fr sP rg rit ie , ;e t, f!..1; e 4 ; so ry lli - riti e lt e ft rerlion f : 10 e oliere thefitioci J enny or bO t lor .tv‘ 13 0 f ro, 111: 1 ) ,Ir o j or e er, 1 0" l eF 3 A e rl. teat.' fr re' ; a wl '"; 0 . 1 De co° " t or 1,1.10 X ps r e oof(' pitals. The gaols throughout the country are well pr o vided for in this respect ; not only are there resident chap lains appointed, but the public too, in mast cases, take an interest in them ; ladies are not ashamed to go round and visit the poor wretches in their dungeons, and this is as it should be ; and although I do not think it to be expected that ladies could give the same attention to hospitals, yet some other means ought to be devised. " This ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone." When is the time at which the mind of man is so ready to receive the gospel seed, judiciously, kindly, and affectionately sown, as on a bed of sickness ? Ido not now refer to the case of poor wretches who are stunned, and almost un conscious, from accidents, where only a few hours at most can intervene before death puts an end to their sufferings here. in too many instances to be exchanged for greater suffering hereafter, though even in the eleventh hour we know the balm is frequently applied to the wounded but repentant conscience • and though the power of utterance is almost gone, and die glazed eye proclaims the swift ap proi.ch of the king of tenors, yet God by His spirit can perform a work which all around are unconscious of. His gracious promises are gently whispered in the sinners half-closed ear by His faithful minister; they find a rest ing-place within the now scarcely-heaving breast ; a faint prayer for forgiveness, though unheard by man, reaches his God, " who seeth in secret," and an immortal soul is saved. But these instances are rare, at least we have not the proof that we have in those cases which recover, and consequently cannot see the fruits of our labours in them, but must trust, as we have one instance given for our en couragement in the Scriptures, that it is sometimes the case. But when a man has been taught through a severe illness, or is recovering from a serious operation, when he has been in the very jaws of death, is he not led to con trast his condition with others alike afflicted in the same ward, who have been summoned away ? When he has lain for weeks, perhaps months, With nothing to excite his mind to throw off serious thoughts—the word of God sounding in his ears day after day—the calm and stillness of all around, save at times the heavy moan of one fellow sufferer, or the muttering delirium of another, just chang ing time for eternity—the agonizing prayers for mercy of others from the hands of a God whose laws their whole lives have set at nought, and earnest cries for life and time for repentance when death is glaring upon them and mercy can no longer be found—all conspire to prepare the lately obdurate but now softened heart to look to Him without whom all the physician's science or the surgeon's skill were powerless. No Langer can the newly-sown grain be uprooted by the levity and ridicule of worldly and sinful companions ; the drunken oath is changed for the silent Prayer, the public-house where he was wont to repair to find an anodyne to lull the aching of a terrified conscience, is changed for the Bible-promises where is found the true anodyne—the Balm of Gilead. Is he an English or fo reign sailor, who visits distant climes and mixes with the lowest and most vicious of mankind? Is he a workman in one of our large foundries, or in the factories of our neighbouring towns, or whatever may be his occupation, may we not anticipate almost with certainty that the gos pel fruit will assuredly increase and bring forth abundantly? Yes, sir, here is an opportunity such as we can rarely meet with for extending the light of religion, and are we, who profess christianity, to suffer so many immortal souls to perish for lack of knowledge, without a single effort in the cause ? Are we to satisfy ourselves with the exertions of our foreign and home missionaries, when there is one cor ner of the Lord's vineyard left almost without a labourer, and that too in the very centre of a christian community ? Shall we shrink from our plain duty for fear of being thought meddlers or busy-bodies, when we know that these things are so ? Shall we withhold a trifle of our worldly riches, which flow bountifully when the suffering body is concerned, and refuse to subscribe a paltry sum to further this noble cause ? No, sir. I trust that more need not be said, but that the subject will be warmly responded to, that universal attention will be directed to it, and that we shall soon see resident house chaplains in these noble buildings as well as house surgeons. I am, sir, yours, - &c., Liverpool, March 161 h, 1848. MEDICUS THE CURRENCY—FREE TRADE—THE LOSS OF THE COLONIES OF ENGLAND, &c. &c. Our readers are aware that our friend Mr. Buchanan is not a currency reformer and protectionist of yesterday. It has always been our object to get the public made aware that this gentleman is no theorist, being a mer chant, and long extensively engaged in large transactions with Canada and the United States. For the same purpose we think it not inapropos to pub lish the following from the LIVERPOOL STANDARD of the 24th March, 1846, and we desire to call attention to a more recent communication from the same gentleman, which appears in another column : TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD Sir,—l am very much gratified by your notice of my humble efforts to awaken the mechanics of this country to a sense of the fatal blow about to be struck at their pros perity by Sir Robert Peel's measure. Even the cotton trade will, I sincerely believe, be in jured from the first, although as the employment in that trade at Manchester, is chiefly to machines, girls, and children, the consequences of failure or depression in it would not be so fearful or heartbreaking as would flow from want of employment for the MEN, the hard-working men of Birmingham, Sheffield, Glasgow, &c. I have no direct interest in agriculture or timber, either in this country or in Canada, and, as I do not return to that colony, I may, perhaps, be permitted to escape from the imputation of what Mr. Cobden calls colonial selfish ness. My interest, as a shipper of British goods, is, in fact. identical with that of the maker of these goods ; for if his manufacture is beaten out of Canada, (either through foreign goods, while it remains a colony, or by American tariffs, after it shall have become a state of the Union,) my trade as an importer of British goods is also extin guished. Now as free trade in England means also free trade in the colony with all the world, and as the extra or pro tective duties in the Canadian frontier in favour of Eng glish manufactures is what alone prevents Canada now receiving her cotton and coarse woollen fabrics, loaf sugar, &c. &c. from America, and many other manufactures and productions of continental countries, including cutlery and other German hardware, it follows that, as merchants, we must either be driven by Sir Robert Peel's measure to buy in America, Germany, &c., or be driven out of the trade. The latter is an alternative which, as an individual, I shall adopt, because the moment I see free trade intro duced into the mother country, I shall see danger to life and property, before very long, in reserve for C a nada in achieving her independence, (which I have no confidence that the good sense of England would allov4` to be brought about peaceably, although no man can show any, th e slightest interest British America w i ll have in continued connection with this country, but quite the re verse , a f ter the colonial or protective system is broken down.) When Canada is lost to England we shall have to pay for our timber in gold, (instead of manufactures as at pre sent,) just as we now pay for three-fourths of our raw cotton from the United States ; but who can assure us that, EVEN FOR CASH, we could always get a supply of timber from foreign countries ! It is now well ascertained that the Baltic alone could not furnish the supply now required, say two millions of loads, (although we were always at peace with these con tinental powers), so that we must depend upon North America for a large share of the timber wanted in Eng land. But Sir Robert Peel forgets that, in 1809, the public mind of England was convulsed on the subject of timber. The enmity of the governments of the Baltic cut off our supply, and the price rose from £5 to £l6 10s. per load. Parliament was called, but instead of following Sir R. Peel's free-trade course, the statesman of that day raised the protection to colonial timber from 20s. 9d. to 575. 4d. per load, and gradually British timber was prepared, through the erection of immense saw-mills and other lumbering establishments, at a vast outlay of British capital in Canada and New Brunswick, and imported in sufficient quantity to regulate the trade (say two-thirds of the whole). The price was thus permanently reduced, as low as Over it was when the entire supply was foreign, paying only a duty of 10s. 11d. per load ! before the day of England's necessity drove her to raise up, by protection to British labour, in the forests of British America, that great national interest which is now being given to the Americans by our adoption of the anti-British theory of free-trade. The effect of free-trade and its consequences (on the currency, &c.) on Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Glasgow, &c., will be UTTER RUIN to tens of thousands of the most deserving and hardworking men in the world, which I view as afar more serious consequence than the loss to the British empire, and the gain to the American republic, of three thousand ships and sixty thousand sailors. The free-trader may tell us that gold does not go to America, but he is too intelligent not to know that it goes to the continent to pay for luxuries sent to America, and for which America cannot pay by any other possible means than through drafts on England, or English gold. America draws These drafts on us to more Than double as great an amount as we send her goods, so that there is at least two-thirds the nominal amount of the American trade, WHICH YIELDS NO EMPLOYMENT OR PROFIT TO THE English artisan. If, .through the loss of Canada and the West Indies, two other great staples, timber and sugar, were put in this position, there would be no safety (even as a matter of simple existence) for our over-supply of English arti zans, but in their transferring themselves to the United States, to get under shelter of the protection of the Ame rican tariff. It is my sincere belief, that time is all that is required to show that FREE TRADE IS SUICIDE ON THE PART OF BRITISH ARTIZ ANS, and that by not preferring a mode rate protection to out-and-out free trade, the liberal party will become very unpopular in this country. There is no man on either side of party politics who understands the practical interests of the empire better than Sir Howard Douglas, and no one expresses them so well. In his speech on the late debate, Sir Howard Douglas explains the true policy of England : " The whole amount of manufactures exported to India does not at present exceed 48,000,000 ; in 1844, 47,995,666, inclu ding Ceylon. If we were to encourage, as we might, the natu ral productions of British India, to enable her the better to pay for British goods, THERE IS SCARCELY ANY ASSIGNABLE LIMIT TO THE INCREASE OF THAT VAST MARKET OF CON SUMPTION FOR THE PRODUCTIONS OF BRITISH INDUSTRY; THE DEMAND FOR BRITISH COTTON GOODS IN PARTICULAR, if the population took b u t a t the rate of 10s. per head, would amount to 450,000,000 sterling; and the demand for woollens, silks, pottery, glass, plated wares, cutlery, iron, brass, and copper implements . , and an infin ity of articles for domestic use, would be prodigiously increased." Let us take Sir Howard Douglas's advice, and endea vour to give employment to British subjects instead of foreigners. Let us reorganise the Coionial is. the Wise of England's greatness) PR the principle' Of moderate protection. THE LITERPOOL STANDARD. Let us prefer to prodttree.our•cotton, sugar, timber, &c., from the labour of British subjects, who have British habits, and consume British manufactures entirely, rather than. from the degraded labour of the American slave ; and then, our demand will , be for manufactures and not for gold, the national currencyrwill get out of its present feverish and excited state, which gives no dependance to the manufacturer, and keeps the labouring class always withia a few weeks of absolute-want. At present it is no matter how good and certain a mer chant's prospects are of disposing of goods, he cannot buy there if the British money market is deranged, or, in other words, if specie (the groundwork on which is built all confidence and credit*) is being exported to fo reign countries, or beyond the limit of the home and Colonial trade. Even the comparatively slight trial we have had of the fruits of our HIGHLY-WEIGHTED ARTIZAN BEING RUN AGAINST THE UNBURDENED FOREIGNER, has been what I call ruinous both to the minds and bodies of the people. The aggregate capital in England, 'tis true, has been increased, but it has found its way into the hands of the money-lenders, with whom the manufacturer now shares his profit, and none of it has remained in the pockets of the working classes, who, in fact, are getting more and more crushed in their circumstances and degraded in their moral and intellectual condition. Rather than buy our pre-eminence in commerce at so dear a price as the dis tress of the working classes and a continuance of over production, let us, by a parliamentary grant of the public money, (a million pounds a year, if that were necessary,) in support of SCHOOLS OF EXPERIMENT, (with their tra vellers and ramifications all over the world,) make, and educate the people in, those advances in manufacturing science and knowledge, which are found necessary to keep us first among the nations. Rather than not have a radical change in our systems, and to enable it to be attempted safely, I would support the minister in laying on an income-tax for three years, of 20 per cent. for the first year, 15 per cent. for the second year, and 10 per cent. for the third year, to enable him to construct an immense system of emigration to the colonies, as well as to push forward our colonial cotton and other productions, and to ameliorate in every possible way the condition of the industrious classes in the•manu facturing districts and Ireland. There never was before so glorious an opportunity as the present for this country to return to homely and sound principles, and there may never be again. The effect of the construction of railways on the LA BOUR MARKET is such that (independent of Sir Robert Peel and the political economists) every man, woman, and child can get employment and high wages, and that at a time when there is scarcely one article of manufac ture for which there is one-half the demand usually ex perienced at this season of the year. But the construction of railways, like foreign trade, is at best but a temporary employment for a population, and if GREAT NATIONAL means be not now taken to provide permanent outlets both for the people and their labour, it is easy to foresee that wretchedness and distress among all classes of the community, will by-and-by be greater, more severe, and more lasting, (so overwhelming now is the increase of our population) than we have ever before ex perienced in the worst times ; nor will it matter whether nominally the colonial system or the theory of free trade is in operation. . _ _ The agricultural interest of this country was at a cer tain disadvantage in fighting the battle of protection as a matter of merely agricultural selfishness; but they will be sure to triumph at a general election if they hsk for a five shillings' protection to British and Colonial corn as THE ONLY CONDITION ON WHICH THE COLONIES CAN BE RETAINED, AND, AS A CONSEQUENCE, OUR NAVAL POWER SUPPORTED, coupled with their defence of the British artizan from the cruel competition of the foreigner, with which Sir Robert Peel's bill threatens him, the foreigner having the run of the British markets for his surplus labour or sweepings (which can afford to be sacra ficed), while the British weaver and mechanic is excluded from the foreign market. A truly British party, now starting up under whatever name, will get the support of the working classes, who are tired of the present SYSTEMS OF MEN" (as they get tired of quack doctors and their specifics), if that party (kindly descending from the distance and coldness of abstract theories, or, in other words, of mere political economy) will pass a NINE OR TEN HOURS' BILL, and by parliamentary grant will provide intellectual employment, with the means of health and recreation for the poor in those hours of happiness, which they have been the blessed means of calling into existence. Let the new government also pledge parliament to give half a million each year to a NATIONAL SYSTEM OF COLO NIZATION. Let them so systemise matters that, through the labour of a British colonial population, we will each year be getting more and more cotton, more wheat, more timber, more sugar, more sheep? wool, and all other necessaries, PAYING BRITISH LABOUR FOR THEM, AND NOT BRITISH GOLD, AS AT PRESENT. And let such a government, rising superior to the petty influences and considerations of the London Land Specu lators and Companies, assure every family which, by its own or its friends' exertions, can reach Canada or any other British colony, where there are unconceded lands belonging to the crown, of their getting WITHOUT CHARGE, AND AS THEIR PATRIMONY OR BIRTHRIGHT, A LOT OF LAND, (200 ACRES), (with the cost of clearing three acres, as a commencement, and a year's provisions till their first crop is got off the ground (to be repaid to go ♦ernment), to such as have only means to take them out, but whose reaching the colonies by their own exertions will be sufficient proof of their being the proper parties to emigrate.) The revenue of Canada is £500,000 (half a million.) and her expenses and interest on her debt are £400,000 ; nor do I see why any well-managed colony should be a burden on England. And the simple reform required in colonial manage ment is, that each colony shall have appropriated to it a separate room in Downing-street, and be caused each to have two private Secretaries in future, who should alter nately be three years in the colony and three years in London pushing colonization and the other interests of the colony, and securing for colonists who come to En gland the consideration due to their rank and influence in their particular colony, until the colonies get repre sented in the Imperial Parliament. You may depend that it is not in human nature that the oppressed labouring classes should misconstrue sub stantial benefits like these, by whatever minister or party offered. I am, Sir, Your obedient humble servant, ISAAC BUCHANAN. Glasgow, 19th March, 1845. * It is self-evident that the paper currency to be safe must he small and fluctuating in this country when the bulk of our trade is with foreigners, as they do not take in exchange its manufactures (or labour) : for commercial confidence (or credit) exists less or more just as there is less or more move ment or exportation of the precious metals. 1.8. general Iftsrellanp. Viscount Hardinge, the late Governor-General of India, arrived at Blackwall, on Wednesday, from Ostend. On Saturday week, a boat with three men in was upset on the Severn, near Berkeley, and the men were drowned. The Lord Chamberlain has forbidden the performance of the melodramas entitled " Jack Sheppard " and " Oli ver Twist." Mr. J. B. Norman, surgeon, of Wivesliscombe, Somer set, committed suicide last week, in a fit of insanity, brought on by excessive drinking. FEMALE DEPRAVITY.—Last week, no fewer than eight females were sent from Leeds to York Castle for trial on charges of felony. A volunteer rifle corps, 1500 strong, is to be embodied at Glasgow. They are to furnish their own uniforms, if government will supply the rifles. On Tuesday Mr. Curry, the newly-appointed clerk as sistant to the House of Lords, expired in a fit of apoplexy whilst engaged in his official duties. Under the sanction of her Majesty, a night will be given by Mr. Lumley, at her Majesty's Theatre, for the benefit of the distressed artisans of the metropolis. Ripe strawberries made their appearance, for the first time this season, on Saturday week, in Covent Garden Market, London. On Thursday, the Admiralty made a contract for the supply of 5,000 tons of coal at Malta, for her Majesty's steamers, at fully 25 per cent. less than the price paid . in January. At the stated annual meeting of the Royal Irish Aca demy, on Thursday, the Archbishop of Dublin, in a short speech, recommended the use of tar as a preventative of the potato rot. _ _ The Earl of Cardigan was again unsuccessful in a second attempt last week to become a member of the United Service Club. Sir Robert Wilson has been similarly un successful. _ The Lords of the Treasury have decided, upon satisfac tory proof being given, to allow vessels laden with grain, that have been detained by stress of weather, to have their cargoes cleared free of duty.' The Mendicity Society in Red Lion-square, London, has been brought to a stand-still by the prevalence of typhus fever. All its officers have been attacked, and its manager has died of the disease. M. GUIZOT AND HIS FAMILY.—The ex-minister of Louis Philippe and his family have, as Protestants, joined the congregation of the French Protestant Presbyterian Church in St. Martin's-le-Grand. Cleopatra's Needle, given by the Pacha of Egypt to our government, and so long permitted to lie neglected, is to be immediately brought to England, and erected in some conspicuous place in London. Among other curious consequences of the French revo lution is the stoppage of the usual visits of English buyers of fancy goods, and copiers of spring fashions in the mys terious arts of millinery and dress-making. The sixth annual meeting of the Metropolitan Early Closing Association was held on Wednesday evening, in Exeter Hall. The Lord Mayor presided. The Bishop of Oxford, the Earl of Harrowby, the Rev. R. Burgess, and the Rev. Dr. Cumming, were among the speakers. An old woman named Lockwood, who had long been a watercress hawker, and was noted for her penurious ha bits, died last week at Wakefield ; and it was then disco vered that she possessed more than OA in money, al though she had log received relief from the parish. A Novei. SWWP.—Amongst the various plans adopted in Sunderland, to enable parties to emigrate to America, is one of a novel character, that of several hundred per sons joining in a sweep of la. each, the person drawing the prize ticket to take the whole of the money. The youthful Marquis of Bournont (son of the Duke of Roxburghe, and grandson of the late Sir C. Dalbiac), who is only 8 years old, captured six salmon with rod and line, on Saturday week. The weight of the whole was 551b5., and the largest weighed 141bs. A arm servant, named Robertson, who had for some time cohabited with a female at Inglismaldie, has been committed for trial, charged with the murder of one of hit'ehildren. lie had engaged to put it to nurse,. 'oyt, in stead of doing so he muideral kid Wined ikiteeordieg,to bis own . COll/096i011. M. Dejean's French company of equestrians are appre ciated in London. They have already become fashionable. Among the visitors on Monday and Tuesday were the Duke of Wellington, the Marquis and Marchioness of Douro, Count de Montemolin, the Marquis and Marchio ness of Douglas, Count D'Orsay, &c. A fellow named John Dawson, being brought before the Edinburgh magistrates the other day, for stealing a loaf from a baker's shop, pleaded starvation as his excuse. On searching him, however, there were found on his per son six sovereigns, ono Irish pound note, one shilling in silver, and 21d. in copper. He was sent to the treadmill for sixty days. A NEW KIND OF ROBBERY.—Within the last few weeks, that class of vagabonds known as bone and rag gatherers, have stripped all the printed placards off the usual posting places in Leeds. and sold the same at six pence per stone, to make, we suppose, new paper of. Some of them have been brought before the magistrates. Being first offenders, they were discharged with a repri mand.—Leeds Intelligencer. ISLE OF MAN.—On Monday the preliminary inquiry took place into the charge of murder against John Bridge man, a private of the 15th foot, stationed at Castleton, for shooting a brother soldier named John Connor, on the Ist of March instant, in the barracks in that town. The jury, after having retired a short time, returned and indicted the prisoner, who was committed to prison to stand his trial for the murder. DISTRESS IN LEEDS.—We are sorry to say that, in stead of diminishing, the distress has greatly increased. Passing events have determined the working men of Leeds to bring their condition before the public, and for this purpose a meeting of the unemployed was held on Friday. A formidable array of men took place willing and anxious to labour, who are unfortunately deprived of the opportunity. A dividend was declared on Thursday, at the half yearly meeting of the proprietors of the Bank of England, at the rate of 41 per cent. for the half year, interest and profits, free of income-tax. A higher rate was contended for by a section of the parties present ; but the former one being but 4 per cent., it was thought there was no cause for dissatisfaction. It was also resolved that the system of electing the governor and deputy-governor by rotation should be abandoned. VENTILATION.—In our prisons, contrived under me dical advice and superintendence, 1,1)00 cubic feet of air is held to be necessary for each person. In No. 2, Church-lane, St. Giles's, London, the allowance to each inmate is eighty-six feet ! in No. 4, only seventy-seven ; and in No. 7, it is no more than fifty-four. The mor tality is naturally very great. Out of 100 children born, there die, in Islington, sixteen without attaining the age of twelve months •, in the city of London, nineteen ; but in Church-lane, thirty-one! Lord Ashley and Mr. Stafford, M.P., have, through the medium of the Times, made an appeal to the public on behalf of the many thousands of English workpeople, who have been suddenly and violently driven from France to the shores of their own country, without, in many instances, having received the arrears of their wages, or being permitted to bring with them the smallest portion of their property. The Queen and Prince Albert have given £2OO towards the object. FALSE REPORT.—In their haste to give the " earliest intelligence," the London papers stated that a person of the name of Wm. Hall, residing at Twigworth, Glouces ter, had, while in a drunken fit, murdered his wife by kicking her. It turns out, however, that the husband having returned home rather the worse for liquor, she begun to scold him, and in the height of her passion fell down and expired. The poor fellow was greatly dis tressed at the circumstance. PATIENT SEARCH REWARDED.—RecentIy a fine large vein of lead ore was discovered in the manor of Hartsop, Patterdale, of which the Earl of Lonsdale is lord. It was found by a poor man, a miner, named Hodgson, who, for upwards of 25 years, felt convinced that there was a vein in the manor, and who, from time to time during that long period, has searched, and, at last, found it, and who has been presented with a share of it, as a reward for the discovery. The ore is of the best quality, and there is no doubt but that the company who are working it will realise large profits. THE RIOTS IN SCOTLAND.—Accounts from Glasgow state that no further disturbances had taken place. All was quiet, and business was going on in the usual way. The colliers and their employers had had a meeting re specting the demand for increased wages, but the masters refused to comply. The only thing Frenchified about the revolt at Glasgow was an attempt to erect a barricade on a small scale at the head of the Gallowgate. It consisted of three coalcarts and a few planks. Its defenders, how ever, were found wofully wanting in French courage, for when the military appeared they fled. From Aridrie, Kil marnock, Paisley, Greenock, and Edinburgh, the reports are all equally favourable. MELANCHOLY STATEMENT.—A letter has been received at Leith from Peterhead, dated the 11th instant, which states that the whale trader Hannibal, of that port, Capt. Laurie, had been lost on the shores of Norway on the Ist of February, and all on board drowned, with the excep tion of one of the crew, who lashed himself to the mizen mast, and there remained five days without food or drink. It states that the ill-fated ship was in the latitude of the Orkneys on tha 31st of January, and on the day following, during a tremendous sea, the crew, fifteen in number, and five Germans, whom they had picked off a wreck, were all washed off and lost. The Germans belonged to the Lydia, of Embden, and were picked up in the North Sea to suffer another and fatal shipwreck. JOSEPH ADY.—At Bow-street Police-office, on Satur day, Mr. Peacock, solicitor to the post-office, applied to Mr. Henry for a warrant to apprehend Joseph Ady. It will be recollected that Ady was convicted some time since at this court, and ordered to pay for the postage of certain unpaid letters to the amount of upwards of £l6. He promised to pay if allowed time ; but not having made his appearance at Mr. Peacock's, an execution was issued against his goods; but on attempting to levy this, Joseph produced a receipt, signed by his sister, proving that the property had all been assigned over to her. Under these circumstances Mr. Peacock now attended to obtain a war rant against his body, in order, if possible, to cure him of his cacoethes scribendi, for he is still carrying on his busi ness as briskly as ever, and innumerable letters from him passed through the post-office daily. Mr. Henry said he would put the law in force to the utmost extent to stop him, and ordered that the warrant should be issued imme diately. LORDS ELLENBOROITGH AND HARDINGE.—AIthough the necessity for a war policy might have been great, and it was indispensably necessary to restore the pristige of the British arms throughout India, Lord Ellenborough's rule was essentially warlike and uneasy. The same fate ap pears in some measure to have attended upon the govern ment of Lord Hardinge, although it is in this respect more favourably judged than that of his predecessor—that no question has been raised as to his moderation in victory, more than as to his dexterity and firmness in preparing the triumph of the British arms when every effort had been exhausted for the maintenance of the peace. We do not judge Lord Ellenborough unfavourably, we simply enunciate a fact when we say that the result of a com parison between his government and that of his successor is to proclaim him prone to war, and Lord Hardinge de sirous of peace. It was, however, the lot of the latter Governor to fight many " great battles," any one of which war more important and sanguinary than all the hostilities of Lord Ellenborough's rule.— Times. CORN, &C., FROM AMERICA. — The Farmer's Journal of Saturday, says, " Our advises from America are to the effect that the value of both wheat and flour is on the advance in the New York market, although the whole of the orders received out from England had been executed. We have the best authority for stating that they have not exceeded, since the commencement of the present year, 200,000 parcels of flour, and 220,000 quarters of wheat and Indian corn. These quantities may be thus divided : FLOUR. Brl s. Shipped off, from the Ist Jan. to the 24th Feb. 120,000 Purchased for spring delivery BO,OOO Total Flour.. GRAIN. Qrs. Shipped off, from the Ist Jan. to the 24th Feb. 90,000 Purchased for spring delivery 130,000 Total Grain 220,000 Thus it will be perceived that we have yet to receive 80,000 barrels of flour, and 130,000 quarters of grain, at least 80,000 of the latter being Indian corn, and which can have but little influence upon the wheat trade here. It is, however, quite evident that very large quantities of flour and grain will find their way hither during the present year on American account. COURAGE OF A CLERGYMAN.—At the Nottingham assizes, Joseph Palmer. aged 24, was placed at the bar, charged with having on the night of the 17th of January last, broke into the house of the Rev. Charles Walter Hudson, at Saundby. The prosecutor, on the night of January 17, had been sitting up somewhat later than his ordinary hour, reading, when he heard a noise at one of the windows, and looking through saw a man, though at the same time he must have remained unobserved. The prosecutor went round stealthily to the front door, and there saw three men in all. They were extracting a pane of glass. The rev. gentleman immediately armed himself with a poker, and the moment one of the men made an entry, knocked him down. The prisoner (for it turned out to be him) immediately rose, and attempted to escape by the window, in which ho was assisted by the men out side, who laid hold of him and attempted to drag him through. The prosecutor, however,. clung to his man, and was actually dragged through the window along with Palmer. The two men then commenced an attack upon him, beating him about the head, face, and arms ; but all would not do, and they were obliged to quit the field, leaving their companion in the grasp of the enemy. The learned judge (Menlo) was loud in the praise of the intre pidity awl courage displayed by Mr. Hudson, and in tes tizoony of his approval of iii+Lconduct, oitkma the. suan u. ten pounds to be paid over and above the expenses allowed Lti the character of prosecutor, Discorwrs.—The gold in the coffers of the Bank of &gland now nearly amounts to £15,000,000. With such an enormous stock of treasure, it may be expected by many persons that the directors will f.irther reduce the rate of interest. The adoption of such a measure at the present juncture would, however, be hardly prudent, for, although there is every prospect of a large surplus remain ing in this country. still the threatening aspect of affairs abroad warrants excessive caution on their part, especially in connection with the cheapening of money. In the discount market, the brokers are inclined to support rates, and no disposition has been exhibited on their parts to bring them down. About three and a half per cent. is tho most current quotation. MIRACULOUS PRESERVATION.—On Thursday a woman named Martha Bolston, attempted suicide by throwing herself into the river Avon, at Bristol, close to the Sus pension-bridge. The tide was ebbing at the time, and she was carried a long way rapidly down the river towards the sea, when she struck against a trow, sunk, but, in about a minute rose on the other side of the trow, having passed under its bottom. At this time she was perceived by Mr. Eaglestaffe, of the Rock-house, who, imagining it to be a floating dead body, went in a boat and picked it up. On being conveyed to Mr. Eeglestaffe's house, his wife had her undressed, and having placed the body be fore a good fire, commenced exertions to restore life, and after upwards of an hour, succeeded in restoring animation. DISTRESSING WRECK.— On Tuesday the sloop Britain, of Tintern, loaded with timber for railway purposes, left that place for Newport, and, strange to say, the captain (Thomas Davis) left behind him the hatches, although his directions were to return with a cargo of coals. As the vessel proceeded down the channel, and when near the lighthouse, the waves were observed to beat over the sloop, and the captain, with his brother-in-law (William Maybury) and his son, were seen to take to the boat, and shortly afterwards disappeared. The sloop was observed for half an hour tossed to and fro before she went down. By this melancholy event two women residing at Tintern became widows, eleven children fatherless, and three un fortunate creatures were ushered into eternity. GENERAL EVANS AND THE DUKE OF NEMOURS.— A small affair excites curiosity in London. In the list of early visitors to the Duc de Nemours was the name of General Sir De Lacy Evans. Through The Times of Thursday, the General declared that be had never called. On Saturday Lord Foley asserts that the General's name appears in the visiting-book, in his own handwriting, and that a person of rank saw him write it there! in the Times of yesterday the General says that be called at the French Embassy, to pay his respects to the Duchess of Montpensier, and asked for her special and separate visitor's book, in which he wrote his name as Lieutenant- General—the rank he holds in the Spanish army, and to which he has not attained in the English. He states that he had no intention to pay his respects to the French prince. _ _ _ BEQUESTS TO THE NATlON.—Colonel Petrie left the sum of 16,0001. to the Chancellor of the Exchequer for the time being, to be applied to the use of his beloved native land. The will was disputed on behalf of the widow on the ground that the demise of the property was of too vague a character to be valid. The Vice-chancellor, however, held the bequest to be clear, and rightly claimed by Mr. Gculburn for the service of the country. On Wednesday, the Lord Chancellor, to whom an appeal was made, affirmed the decision of the Vice-chancellor, and dismissed the appeal with costs.—We have heard fast in the case of the lady of Hereford who bequeathed all her property towards paying off the national debt, the Trea sury has not, from the peculiar circumstances of the case, claimed the money, but very properly left it to the survi ving relatives. IS THE KING OF THE FRENCH RICII ?—The Times of Monday says, `• In common with the rest of the world, we were under the impression that the ex-king of the French had prudently amassed and secured sufficient funds to support his family in affluence and comfort, but we regret to find that this notion is the reverse of the truth. Louis Philippe, it now appears, whether from an ill-grounded confidence in the stability of his govern ment, or from motives of nationality and patriotism— possibly from a mixture of both—has entrusted the whole fortunes of himself and his children to the soil or the faith of France. If, therefore, the future legislature should determine to confiscate the private property of the House of Orleans, those unhappy princes would be reduced to a state of destitution which would fill all Europe with sentiments of shame and indignation. We do not, however, anticipate anything so merciless and unjust." STRANGE DISCOVERY OF A BURGLAR. — A gentleman named Dutton, aged 80, of the Brynne, near Wrexham, Flintshire, was listening in bed to his clock striking the hour of 12 at midnight, when to his surprise the last six strokes sounded much louder than the former. The old gentleman naturally supposed that a door had been opened ; upon listening, he heard the jingling of keys, and to his astonishment he was but too fully convinced that an in truder had entered his bedroom, and was about to take the contents of his bureau. He immediately jumped out of bed, and clasped an individual having on a fustian coat ; he held him tightly, and called lustily for assistance. The thief carried the fearless old gentleman through two rooms, when his son-in-law and wife arrived, who succeeded in capturing the burglar, who is now safely lodged in the county gaol. It appears that the scoundrel had only been dismissed from the service about three weeks. MR. AND MISS VANDENHOFF. The play goers to Wakefield theatre had a treat on Friday and Saturday last, in the performances of Mr. and Miss Vandenhoff. On Friday they played " Matthew Ellmore" and " Mar garet," in " Love's Sacrifice ;" and on Saturday the " Stranger" and " Mrs. Haller," Mr. Vandenhoff sus taining also the character of " Young Wilding," in Foot's comedy of " The Liar." They were most enthusiasti cally received, and called for on both nights. The writer of this notice has seen " The Stranger" performed nearly twenty times, but never saw it better performed than on Saturday night, since " The Stranger" of Charles Kem ble. It is now twelve years since he wrote his last notice of Miss Vandenhoff. During that period she has suffered severely from affliction, but she comes again among us with undiminished histrionic power, and looking more beautiful than ever. We sincerely wish her a long life of health and happiness, for the stage cannot afford to lose so excellent an actress.—Leeds paper. A REMORSE OF CONSCIENCE.—" The following proof of remorse of conscience," says the Droit, " was given two days ago :—A working man went to the commissary of his quarter, and stated that, after fighting for the people during the three days of February, he was among the first to enter the Tuileries, and, reflecting on the state of desti tution in which he had left his wife and family, was tempted to take a double breast-pin, united by a small chain, and mounted with two large pearls, upon which he afterwards obtained sf. from the Mont de Piet& which saved four persons from starvation. But having got back to work and pay, he was able to restore the sf. with the ticket from the Mont de Piete, which he placed in the hands of the commissary, who gave the man high praise for his resolution in doing what was right. The pin, when redeemed, was found to have belonged to the Duke de Nemours, and each pearl is worth 500 f." The Droit adds, " that several other similar restitutions have been made, and among them a valuable tortoise-shell box, with a por trait set in gold." SOMNAMBULISM EXTRAORDINARY.—A short time since, Mr. Cunnington, of Brampton Moor, fancy turner, &c., was awakened about two o'clock in the morning by a noise at his door. He got up and opened the window, when his daughter Hannah called out, " Come father, go to work, the steam is up." Mr. Cunnington dressed himself as quickly as possible, and went to the engine house. about 100 yards distant, when he found the steam roaring out of the boiler which is attached to the engine that turns his work. Having drawn the fire and made all safe, he returned home for an explanation of the strange occurrence, when he ascertained that his daughter had got up in her sleep, taken the key, and gone to the engine ; she had then made a fire and got the steam up, when she returned home, but was unable to gain admission into the house in consequence of the door being fastened by a drop latch. She was still asleep when Mr. Cunnington re turned, and he had some difficulty in awakening her. She had no knowledge of what had taken place, and what makes the affair more extraordinary is, that she had not been accustomed to do anything at the engine.—Derby Reporter. ARCTIC EXPEDITIONS.—It may confidently be hoped that the arrangements made with a view of rendering assistance to Sir John Franklin and his gallant crew may be crowned with success, should the expedition have got into difficulty. A reward of upwards of 100 guineas has also been offered to any of the whale ships which may bring information of the expedition, the actual amount of the reward depending upon the authenticity and value of the information conveyed. They have also been invited to look out for any of the copper cylinders which Sir John Franklin was directed to throw overboard daily on reach ing 65 deg. north. Although these precautions are most proper and creditable to the authorities, we do net our selves feel any unnecessary anxiety as to the fate of the ships. That they may have been hampered, as others have been, is very probable, and is almost a necessary contingency in the navigation of an icy sea, but we place great hope in the materiel as well as personnel of the ex pedition ' • for ships better adapted for the service, better equipped in all respects, or better officered and manned, never left the shores of England on any of those arduous voyages of discovery which have helped to raise the cha racter of the British seaman in the eyes of every enlight ened nation in the world. THE ESQUIMAUX.—The two Esquireaux brought from Davis's Straits by Captain Parker, of the Truelove, have been exhibited, since their arrival, in several of the prin cipal towns in this county, and have been visited by thousands of delighted spectators. They have received the greatest encouragement in every place, and have been presented with numerous valuable presents, consisting principally of firearms, which they are greatly in need of in their native country. The warmth of our climate appears to have had a sensible effect upon their constitu tions, as they are evidently not so strong and healthy as they were upon their arrival. While in their own country they consumed between band 7 pounds of raw meat per day, but now they only eat as much as au ordinary person. They now eat cooked meat, which formerly they refused to taste. When they first went on board the Truelove they appear ed as though they bad never been washed, and had a dislike to the water ; but now their habits are so much changed that they take the utmost delight in washing, and go through the operation two or three times a-day. They speak a little of the English language, and that in a very perfect manner. They appear now to be very anxious to return home, and, when told that they were to sail for their native country on Tuesday next, they were quite delighted. On Wednesday last they were invited to meet the wardens and elder brethren of the Trinity-house at their board meeting, when they were kindly presented with a very valuable c ollection of new guns, ammunition, tools, &c., suitable to the wants of themselves and their fellow-countrymen. Captain Parker states that he has laid out upwards of £IO4 in purchasing firearms and other useful articles for them to take home. They sail for their native land on Tuesday morning nest, by the Truelove.-- Hull Packet. Standard-office, Two o'clock, p.m. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET.-THIS DAY. At our Share Market this morning we had more Stock offer ing than for some days past, and the increased pressure of it has accelerated the fall in prices. The quotations were— Chester and Birkenhead,l3/. Leeds,sths, 1# dis. London and North-Western, 125; new, 4-shares, 12, par. Midland Stock, 98 ; 4-shares, 6i dis. Preston and Wyre 32. South- Eastern and Dover, 23 22Z ; No. 4, 33, 311 3 dis. New Ber wicks, par. Newcastle Preference par, dis. Fire and Life 22 premium. LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE—nits DAY. A few more limited arrivals of Wheat, Oats, and Oatmeal, with a moderate supply of Flour, include the bulk of the receipts coastwise and from Ireland since Friday; and from abroad we have scarcely anything fresh in beyond 4910 qrs. of Indian Corn. The general bearings of the trade this morning were by no means lively, but in many instances the reverse. Fine old foreign Wheats supported late prices, but the lower class samples were rather easier to purchase. New Wheats receded Id. to 2d. per 70lb. from the rates of this day week. Flour was also in limited request, and rather depressed in GAMEKEEPER SHOT BY POACHERS.—At the Cardiff police-office, on Thursday, three men were committed for trial on a charge of killing David Davies, watcher to W. W. Lewis, Esq., of Newhouse, near Cardiff:. The de ceased was shot in an affray between the gamekeepers and a party of poachers, on Wednesday se'nnight. At a late meeting of a trades' protection society in London, a Mr. Hornsley attributed the want of employ ment for silk-weavers, not to the abolition of protection, but to the death of William IV., as he said that when Queen Adelaide was queen consort of England, she al- , ways patronised the home trade. IHE CHINESE JUNK. — This specimen of Chinese naval architecture has at last left Boston for England. where it is proposed to exhibit her in the Thames ; she was towed out to sea by a steam-boat. Many wagers are laid as to. the time she will occupy in crossing the Atlantic. Some persons say three, others six months. A cargo of excellent Swede turnips from Berwick-on- Tweed has been delivered at Sunderland, and readily sold at the rates of sixteen shillings a ton, and ono shilling a hundred weight. Turnips are so plentiful on Tweed-side that farmers are stinting sheep at one penny a head per week to eat them off the land. SECOND EDITION. value. Barley, Malt, Beans, and Peas were in moderate demand on the terms last noted. Oats receded id. per 451 b. Oatmeal steady. Indian Corn Is. per quarter, and Indian Meal 6d. per barrel cheaper. }|`§ t;,l pc .cir I ° =.° 3 " 9 , c p t l, ai -g . m l ra FD"Z •ci °F.= me7o 0,.;,70r.i --3 .(5,,af,,..,. a ei - omt. M Vp7,oo:m .:' 6 trr a . z, o .. 7 .; 'fq r. ye , I ta -g 0 r 1.4 ,--- o &-,- z, ,7,0 = 2'i.. W C N p p 5,.. I cr • 4. • c MURDER. - At the York assizes, on Thursday, George Calvert, 38, Thomas Hodgson, 28, and James Mellor, 22, were charged with the wilful murder of William Wood, at Farweather, near Bradford, on the 18th of December last; they were also charged with committing a burglary in the dwelling-house of the said William Wood. Cal vert and Mellor were found guilty, and Baron Rolfe, in passing sentence, said :—You h ave b een conv i c t e d, on the clarest testimony, of a most barbarous murder. Every murder must, necessarily, bq a case of great atro city, but it has rarely indeed happened to me to be pre sent at an investigation which disclosed such long-con tinued and persevering barbarity as was inflicted by you on that fatal night. I have seen cases where deadly wea pons have been used, and where the victim has fallen under the sudden infliction of some deadly wound ; but rare indeed is it that four men in the prime of life at least, have been proved to have broken into the lone house of s poor but apparently industrious and respectable cottager, to have driven him, absolutely naked, from his house, in the dead of the night—to have beaten him first with sticks, and then with another deadly weapon, and not being satisfied with one attack, to have renewed it, more than once—to have left him prostrate on his own floor, absolutely without a rag upon his body, while you deli berately plundered the house, and thought to escape with impunity. _ _ LECTURES ON MAN CULTURE, by theßer . T. D. Gregg. —We cannot allow these lectures to terminate without expressing our very high sense of the importance of the subject, and our admiration of the superior manner in which it was treated by the Rev. T. D. Gregg ; in this respect indeed the expectations which we, were led to entertain at the commencement of the course were more than realised. It is gratifying to know that those who did attend were especially qualified to judge of the sound ness of the views brought forward, and that their appro bation was most decided. We are aware that some have been hitherto disposed to regard Mr. Gregg merely as a distinguished politician of ultra-protestant principles ; these lectures will certainly convince them that, whether they concur with him in that respect or not, his opinions on the question of education, that is on man culture, on the developement and due exercise of our intellectual powers on the formation of character upon a true Christ ian and philosophical basis, are deserving of the most serious consideration, being both sound in principle and practical in character. Whilst his various readings from the oriental languages, the ancient and modern classics, combined with his own critical remarks, evinced to those acquainted with such matters, the extensive research and refined taste of the scholar ; lie also succeeded in equally instructing and entertaining the English portion of the audience, so that the interest first awakened increased irom night to night. Mr. Gregg concluded by reading an address to the Queen praying for inquiry into the present system of public education. It is evident that his vigorous and eloquent style of address would recom mend any subject to a popular audience.—Cheltnhm Jour. INDIAN COTTON. — Before Mr. Bright's committee on the cultivation of cotton in India much information was elicited from Mr. Robert Wigram Crawford, a partner in the house of Messrs. Remington and Co., Bombay and London, the only witness examined. Having traversed the western coast of India in all sorts of craft, and journeyed after business through most of the cotton growing districts for several years, this gentleman's evi dence was of a highly sanguine character as to the capa bilities of the country. He spoke warmly in favour of a railway being constructed, to connect Bombay with the interior, the utility of which he likened to that of the Ganges at Calcutta. The railway system, however, could not be comprehended by the natives, and on that account they would not cordially engage in subscriptions for its construction, although interest was guaranteed on their advances; but if they once saw it in operation for ten or a dozen miles, they would understand its capabilities at once, and immediately engage in promoting its success. In the course of his evidence on this subject, Mr. Craw ford mentioned the fact, very well known to the observers of eastern habits, as one cause of the poverty of the Indian population, that there are no means provided for the investment of their small savings, consequently, they are what we should call improvident. It is not, however, exactly improvidence in their case, because their small sums are invested in bronzes and jewellery, which have some value ; and, as an illustration of similar habits near& home, the Chairman stated that, when lie was in Syria, he recollected seeing a donkey driver give £2O for a bracelet. Mr. Crawford expressed a confident ()Onion, that ultimately, East Indian cotton will be produced of a quality and price to meet the American product upon perfectly equal terms in the Liverpool market. EATING AND DRINKING ON 130ARD THE TRANSAT LANTIC STEAMERS. —The Glasgow Herald furnishes us with some curious particulars of the eatables and drinks- Wes supplied for the consumption of the passengers on hoard Cunard and Co.'s American steamers. Each ship on her outward trip is supplied with 50 dozens of port wine, 100 dozens of sherry, 100 dozens of champagne, 50 dozens of Madeira, 50 dozens of hock, 200 dozens of soda water and lemonade, 300 dozens of Scotch ale, and 200 dozens of London porter, besides spirits of all kinds., There are also ample stores of ice, and an abundant sup.. ply of fresh water. Each ship is victualled for 2 days, and carries at least 40001bs. of beef, mutton, and pork, fresh and packed in ice. Then there are 16 dozen fowls, 4 dozen of geese, 4 dozen of ducks, 4 dozen of turkeys, 6 dozen of pigeons, and one dozen of roasting pigs, besides an calves' heads, &c. Milk is furnished h each ship also carries a sup ply of forty gallons, which is packed in ice, and keeps fresh and sweet till the end of the passage. The baker turns out 200 loaves or rolls per diem, and the confection.. er is never idle. Breakfast begins at half-past eight, and the cloth is removed at ten. There is lunch at twelve. and dinner at four. Tea is served at seven; and then follow snacks, wine, punch, toddy ' gin slings, tec.,—that is for those who w an t them—till. half-past eleven, when the steward's bar is closed, and all the lights are out by twelve. Such is life on board a Transatlantic steamer; and in the summer season it is said to be becoming quite common for parties to make a pleasure trip to America, in the fashion that people go up the Rhine. There have even been occasions in which young married people have spent their honeymoon in a trip to Halifax, a flying Digit to Niagara and New York, and a return voyage to Eng land, and all in six weeks,