The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-09-20 00:00:00

TIIE REV. DR. LIDDELL.—We understand this distin guished Minister of the Scotch Church, who has lately been appointed Principal of King's College, Kingstown, Upper Canada, preached in Oldham-street Kirk Yesterday, having arrived here late on Saturday night, to take his passage by the Trafalgar steamer, which sails to-morrow. • TtIATRE ROYAL.—" Coming events cast shadows be fore them," so the commencement of the benefits forewarns the near approach of the season closing. We observe that mi Monday next Mr. Baker makes his appeal, and as he is about to leave the company to which he has been an orna- I nent, and an acquisition for many years, he deserves a st rong manifestation of good feeling from the public. The secession of Mr. Baker we cannot but feel will be irrepa rable ; we do not, in looking round the profession, perceive any member of it likely efficiently to fill his place. The per formances lately have been of a varied character : Mr. J. Russell delighting all those who hear him with his charming swigs and clever stories in his hour of table-talk. His Widow Malone" goes as well as ever, and is nightly en cored. Th e new piece entitled " Beauty and the Beast,, 'in which Miss Gardner has a principal part is underlined, will shortly be produced. It abounds with beautiful scenery, clever songs, parodies, dances, &c. I NFORMATION' UNDER THE NEW ACT FOR THE RE GULATION OF CHIMNEYSWEEPERS.—A man, named Mar tin, a master sweep, was charged, on Saturday last, before Mr. Rushton, with having sent a boy under the age of 21 years up a chimney. Mr. Richard Houghton was charged. also, with having permitted a boy under 21 years to ascend his chi mney. The information was laid at the instigation of a master sweep, for whom M r . D avenpor t appeare d, an d stated, that th e defendant (Martin) was one of those who were determined to set the act at defiance and not to sweep by machinery. One of the men in the employ of the infor mant proved the case against both parties. Mrs. Houghton, who appeared on behalf of her husband, having satisfied the magistrat e that she was deceived by the defendant both as to the age of the boy and the age specified by the law, was ac quitted. Mr. Rushton, however, told her to take notice, that the law did not allow any individual under 21 years of age to he sent up a chimney, and that any housekeeper suffer ing an individual under that age to ascend a chimney became liable to a penalty of not less than £5, and which might be £lO. Martin was fined £5, and, in default of payment, was ordered to be imprisoned one month. Mr. Davenport said he had to apply to the magistrate on behalf of the individual wh o had given evidence, who had been threatened by a num ber of sweeps and was afraid to move abroad. The back part of the court was, at this moment, crowded with sweeps. Mr. Rushton said, if the witness received either threats or injury, he was to apply to him, and he would make a severe example of the offenders. BREAKING INTO A SHOP.—John Dolphin, aged about 18, was placed before Mr. Rushton, on Saturday, charged with having broken into the shop of Mr. Grannell, boot and shoe maker. Mr, Grannell has a shop in Ranelagh-street and another in Whitechapel, at the latter of which he resides. On Friday night he locked up the Ranelagh-street shop and made it secure as usual. On Saturday morning his man went to the shop with the keys, when he found the door open, and, on examination, discovered that the premises had been broken into and robbed of many pairs of boots and shoes. That same morning, at five o'clock, Inspector An dres met the prisoner in Great Cross-hall-street, with six or seven pairs of boots and shoes in his possession. As the account which the prisoner gave of himself was unsatisfactory Andres took him into cnstody. At nine o'clock Mr. Granell went to the Police-office to give information of the robbery when the boots and shoes were shown to him, and he clai med them. The prisoner, in his defence, said a boy made him a present of the goods, and lie was to pay the boy Ws. for them. He did not know where the boy lived. He was c ommitted for trial. FUNERAL OF AN ORANGEMAN.—On Sabbath last, about .6 50 of the brethren of the Loyal Orange Lodges of this town assembled in their various lodges, and walked to Bootle, and accompanied the remains of their late Brother Evanson to their final resting-place, at the Cemetery, Duke-street. Prom Bootle the brethren formed in order, the lodge of the late master following immediately after the hearse and mo urning -coaches, in deep mourning. The procession was of th e most respectable and imposing description, the mem bers b e i ng dre3sed in mourning, each with hat-band and Scarf, the latter being tied at the shoulder with a neat bough of orange ribband. Arrived in Duke-street, the number had increased to between 600 and 700 ; and although the large bodies of spectators were densely and inconveniently packed, Yet the wise arrangements followed up on these occasions Prevented the slightest confusion or bustle. When the le ading ranks arrived at the gate, they opened right and left, and a way was thus opened for the hearse and coaches the length of the line, the brethren falling in behind immediately as the hearse proceeded. When service had been performed, the body was carried through a double line of Orangemen, who reached from the chapel, and lined the way a conside rable distance towards the grave. After the service had been most impressively read by the Rev. Mr. Marshall, the breth ren formed the circle of unity, the word was given to the masters by the D.G.M., and after having been committed by „ e ach mast er t o th e b ret h ren of h i s lodge, the three affecting farewells were given, and this vast body of men again moved a way in the same good order and regularity in which they arrived. The appearance of the men, and the zood order w ith which the ceremonies were carried out, was the univer sal subject of commendation from a vast concourse of visi tors and friends, who had lined every available spot near the tgrave from which a view could be obtained. We hope it will olon g ere t h ere will be occasion for this display of affection departed worth ; but, whenever the time arrives, we shall !ae proud to see in our good old town 600 hearts, beating with love for each other and loyalty to the Church and Crown, conduct themselves with the same decorum and serious at tention to their deceased brother and friend. INQUESTS YESTERDAY, BEFORE P. F. CURRIE, ESQ.— On view of the body of Sarah Jackson, a female of 68 years of age who had been an inmate of the workhouse. It ap peared that on Thursday week, the deceased was found in a house in the neighbourhood of Trafalgar-street, with her arm injured, as she stated by a fall. She was otherwise much debilitated, and was taken to the workhouse, where she died on Saturday. The surgeon stated that she had received a compound fracture of the right arm of which she died. Verdict,—" Found with her arm broken, of which she died, but how she came by the injuries there was no evidence to shew.—On view of the body of John Burns, a boatman, who, while engage d i n a b oa t, i n get ti ng a vesse l into , the Waterloo Dock, on Thursday the Sth instant, leaped into the w a t er, as the boat in which he was, being run against and filled, and after swiming some time, was drawn under the paddle wheel of a steamer and evidently drowned. The body was not found till yesterday morning. v erdict —"Accidental Death." • TAE LIVERPOOL IMPROVEMENT ACT.—The beneficial operation of this act, by which public houses are not allowed to be open after 12 o'clock on Saturday night, nor till one o'clock on Sunday, has been further exemplified this week. The following is a return of the prisoners taken before Mr. Rushton yesterday, which shows a reduction of about one half of the number for drunkenness and disorderly conduct usually brought up on Mondays, before the act came into operation : 12 o'clock on Saturday night to 5 o'clock on Sunday morning „ Felonies 12 29 Do. Drunk 12 17 Otho. If er Offences / From 5 D o'clock, A.M. 7 to 4 o'clock, P.M. Sunday— 5 None Other hours 52 /I 1/ 11 ATROCIOUS AND DARING ROBBERY.—On the evening of Friday last, the village of Bebington was thrown into a state of great consternation, by the report that the dwelling-house of Mr. Edward Inglefield, farmer, had been broken open at the early hour of half-past eight, and that he and his house keeper were nearly murdered. Several neighbours instantly krepaired to the spot, when they found the wounded couple ing on the floor deluged with blood. Messengers were immediately despatched for Mr. Gorst, surgeon, of Rock Perry, who was promptly in attendance ; upon the aged suf ferers, and remained with them for several hours before they were sufficiently restored to give the following particulars. About half-past eight o'clock, the owner of the house, aged 70, had r e ti re d to rest, as was his usual custom, leaving his housekeeper and a little granddaughter, about ten years of `,age, to complete some arrangements necessary for the fol owing day's market. While thus engaged, their attention raft attracted by hearing footsteps passing the end of the phouse, but supposing it to be the gamekeepers of Edward arry, Esq., and the Rev. R. M. Fielden, who are in the habit of crossing in that direction in the course of their nightly p arades, they innocently opened the door to speak t° tnern, when one of the robbers rushed ito th house, took be candle-stick out of the woman's n hand e , struck her a violent blow across the face, knocked her down, and ,ontinued to beat her In a most brutal manner. Her cries brou ght the old ma n d own stairs, when another part felled nun t o the ground by a desperate blow on the head, an y d con tinued to kick him while in this prostrate condition, and then s eized h is throat in such a savage manner as to make him areitd instant suffocation. He promised to give them all the 111° °eY he had if th e y wou ld on ly s p are hi s lif e , an d pro ceeded up sta i rs for this purpose, when he fonnd a third al lieadY engaged in ransacking his drawers, The little girl be q°re named attempted to get through the window, when she dmet by a no th er o f t h e gang w h o was s t an di ng outs id e, 0 Ile presented a pistol at her ; this naturally frightened and she secreted herself under a bed, where she was a thsilent hearer of all that was going on; and it is supposed, at being una bl e to fi n d h er ( as t h ey were a ll i n t h e d ar k) , gy thought she had made her escape, and would of course ive th e a l arm when they decamped, leaving the work of de ,rnetion inconapleted, and, in their hurry, left a pistol ic 'sded with two balls, and a hat, which it is confidently ex- Peeted will lead to their detection. A ‘ , 6 ERIOUS CHARGE OF FORCIBLY TAKING AN ALLEGED yA °UNT OF WAGES FROM THE PERSON.—Three men, Art hur and Th omas M'A vo y an d B ernar d F egan , were /Isterday brought before Mr. Rushton under this novel l e le a _ r ge• The complainant, named M'Currin, a lumper, said wii na eng age d t o l oa d a vesse l w ith sa lt, an d that he agreed hru the prisoners and a number of other men to work for I P, at the rate of 6d. per 100 bags of salt put on board. I ,: te L ,V worked f or five day s , p u tti ng on bo a rd 5,558 bags. He i s thein for their work so far £l. 7s. 9d. each, on Saturday The loading was completed on Tuesday night, and lie anti'nem to come for their money next day. The prisoners am eight others came on Wednesday evening, between six Roseven o'clock, to his house, and asked for their money, ttrhe offered the prisoners £l. 2s. 6d. each, which was the lint due to them at the price stated. They refused to Bd . ° it, demanding a larger sum, (305.,) saying the price was st Per hundred bags. He refused to pay them, and after oth er upwards of two hours, the prisoners, while the d os er stood by, took hold of him he legs, threw him izo 'n. turned him over, and shook him , so as to shske the hiel le Y out of his pockets. His wife persuaded them to let se e get up, and a police-officer was sent for, but not having i t h o l l the affray, did not, it appeared, interfere. At length, rai.. tt t nine o'clock, they said they would give him ten hialltes ) to pay it in, and added that they would have either Wir e 44) ,d or the money. He was at length persuaded by his Pla"%lo was afraid of his life, to give them 30s. each in °I 2 25. 6d., which was all that was due to them by the NiE t e l e itent. Mr. Davenport appeared for the complainant, 1 4re se x,.. w if , ' gave similar testimony in a very voluble way. arlie; t 4 ,tes defended the prisoners ; and the complainant Ite e iZ e u that he was a member of the Dock Labourers' settt,7 a °t and Burial Society, and that in getting the rule s i n that court some time ago, it was agreed that ofaporterage should be eight pence per hundred sacks for I I ! , but be added he had agreed with the prisoners def e ,7_ 4 •Pence only Several witnesses were called for the th e ~n who were of the same party of workmen as ThePtisoners and were present in the house at the time. might Were Cautioned by Mr. Rushton as to what they 48 if t 5, 84 Y which might implicate thenisalves, inasmuch equan;'4" had aided or abetted the prisoners they were Otis o i f g„tliitY of the violence and extortion of the money. vessel said that no agreement . was ' made with him. vess e l . i lieen engaged by one of the hisprisoners to work at he Dta inant oullooked to complainant for m refused *red him at the rate of O. per _lO . 0 sacks . , but he . nOt it, and was paid at Bd. or 3 0 s. The prisoners did d said so; they at to beat or abuse the complainant, an • at tht 8 2 been offered 6d. but would not take it, and . was paid the t i , ' at e of Bd., the lowest price they had ever taken since . tbes e " ra rn g It appeared further from the testimony of police office that they had themselves proposed to send . for a . come t r, or ti respectable neighbour to see a settlement the- shoo° if complainant would not then proceed them, so that to 3' id not be put to the trouble of ing to law o*ercover their wages. Mr. Rushton intimated that the coi n ‘4 vi e . a PPeared to be a felony with violence, even if the ai nant had agree d to pay Bd. A witness on each side, 411,4 e e testimony was conside re d requ i s i te, was not pres ent, .4 prisoners were accordingly remanded till this day. WILHELMSINGING.- O s n Thursday evgtiing Mr. Lees, master of the South Corporation School, defivered a lecture, before a highly respectable auditory, on the Wilhelm method of sinning. The Rev. Thomas Nol an occup i e d th e c h a i r . Mr. Lees' lecture was most instructive, and we trust that his intention will be successfully carried into effect, of form ing singing classes upon the Wilhelm method. At the close of the lecture a Doxology was sung, and the meeting was separated. PROMISES MADE TO DELINQUENTS.—A. little boy, named Henry Johnson, was yesterday placed before Mr. Rushton, charged with having stolen £3 from the till, in the shop of Mr.. Watson, Berry •street. He was suspected, and after being accused, threw, it appeared, the money into the street, and afterwards made a confession ; but it appeared this con , fession was made on the young man who had charge of the shop telling him that "if he would acknowledge the theft, his punishment would not be so great." Mr. Rushton said the ends of justice were defeated by such a promise, and dis charged the prisoner. ' SMUGGLING BRANDY.—Yesterday, at the Police-court, Mr. Brooks, solicitor for the Customs, appeared with several officers, and substantiated a case of smuggling against Capt. Dawson, of the brig " Forester." An apprentice boy be longing to the vessel had been seen coming, by a police officer, from the dock with something in a handkerchief, and on being stopped, it was found to be three bladders contain ing six quarts of French brandy. The evidence went to show that tl.e captain had told the lad to take it to Spinks's hotel, at the south end of the Queen's Dock. The defendant did not appear, he being in Hull. The brandy, without duty, was said to be worth £1 Os. 3d. The defendant was fined three times that amount—£6 Os. 9d. IRON VESSELS.—There are now in the iron shipbuilding yard of Mr. John Laird, of North Birkenhead, two vessels of rather singular construction. The first vessel is intended for a floating.light for the entrance of the Mersey. It is much longer than the present light-ships, and is expected to have less motion, even in a rough sea, than the short wood vessel now in use. It will be ready for •sea in about two months. The second vessel is building for the Honourable the East India Company. It is intended for a pilot-boat in the Hoogley. Unlike our pilot-boats, which are small, it is of two hundred tons burthen, and of more than ordinary breadth of beam. Its interior is to be completely finished in Liverpool. In the hold will be large tanks for holding water, with which, it appears, the pilot-boats on the Calcutta station always go to sea, that, in the event of falling in with ships short of water, they may supply them with so indispensable an article. The cabin will be a spacious apartment, lofty and well ventilated, with berths all round for the pilots. We need scarcely add, after the heading of this paragraph, that, except the decks and the cabins, these vessels are wholly built of iron. They are well worth the inspection of all who take an interest in naval architecture. HAVING POSSESSION OF ARTICLES WITHOUT ACCOUNT ING FOR TIIY SAME.—TWO young men were yesterday brought before Mr. Rushton, charged with having been found in the street at a late hour with a quantity of apples in two handkerchiefs. The police-officer who apprehended them said he suspected them, add on questioning them they gave no satisfactory account of how they became possessed of the fruit. The prisoner said in court that they had pur chased them from a girl with a basket, whom they did not know, and had paid 15d. for them. They were not, how ever, of that value as the article is now sold. Mr. Rushton said that a recent act empowered the justices of the town to punish parties found in possession of anything which might reasonably he thought to be stolen, and possession of which was not satisfactorily accounted for. The prisoners must therefore pay each 205., or be imprisoned seven days. COMMITMENT. — Yesterday, at the Police -court, a young woman, named Bridget Curran, was placed at the bar on the charge of robbing an old man, named Cawley.. The prose cutor had gone to a cellar in Crosbie-street, to call on a woman who lived there, and give her some intelligence of her husband. The prisoner also resided in the cellar at the time. He sent the prisoner for some ale twice, giving her 6d. each time; and she saw him take the money from his purse, which contained 14s. After drinking a second time he became ill, and laid his head on the table. On being roused by the woman who kept the place, he missed his mo ney and the girl. The empty purse was found on the floor. The prisoner was soon afterwards apprehended in Kitchen street, in a state of intoxication, and 7s. were found upon her, which she had no means of earning. She was commit ted for trial at the sessions. THE PRINTING TRADE.—This trade has, like most other trades, been seized with the prevailing mania. A meeting of delegates from the different towns comprised in the Nor thern Typographical Vnion was, it appears, lately convened in Leeds. Among the delegates were three from Liverpool; they were, we believe, Mr. Inman, Secretary to the Liverpool club, and Mr. Barnes, both employed on the Liverpool Standard, and Mr. Williams, on the Liverpool Mail. At this meeting it was resolved, we hear, that a movement should be made to enforce, within the jurisdiction of the Union, uniformity in time, preparatory, it is supposed, to an attempt to enforce, if not an rdvance, uniformity in wages. The Liverpool branch of the Union, acting by orders from the central body, have given notice to the employers, that they will not in future, work more than ten hours, instead of ten hours and a puarter, each day, except Saturday, when they will only work nine. In order to reduce the time to ten hours, they infist on having an hour, instead of three puarters of an hour, to breakfast. The diminution of work ing time thus attempted to be enforced will, it is calculated, supply employment for two or three hands more than are employed at present, the printing trade, like mauy other, being much depressed just now. As the quantity of work, particularly of composition, done by hands working on time has within the last ten years, been notoriously diminished by the combination of the journeymen anainst the employers, we would suggest to the journeymen, that instead of confin ing themselves for even ten hours a day, they, whenever it is practicable, and it is practicable five days out of the six, do do the regulated quantity of work in eight or nine hours, and recreate themselvds during the time thus saved. Let them think on this suggestion :it is worthy of their serious consi deration. None but the most inferior hands, the mere " shags" of the trade, need work more than eight or nine hours to do the regulated qu an tity o f compos iti on . I n winter gas and fire would be sav e d t o t h e emp l oyers , an d th e jour neymen have time for intellectual improvement, for which printers, we know, are extremely anxious.—Albion.—[We have received a letter from the Secretary of the Liverpool Typographical Society in reference to the above paragraph. We cannot perceive the injustice alleged against our contem porary, and on that ground we decline to insert the letter.] NUISAgCES AT THE CHESHIRE FERRIES.—We have repeated complaints from parties (who, by-the-bye, had much better carry their complaints to those in authority at the various ferries) with respect to alleged irregularities on the part of the servants, boatmen, &c., employed at the landing places or on board the packets. Many of these complaints are unreasonable enough ; but occasionally a case does present itself which is sufficiently serious to call for ob servation. Of this description is one which has just been brought before us, and of which we have ourselves frequently noticed the inconvenience, and, indeed, danger. The Birken head packet, of three or half-past three o'clock, is usually crowded from the Cheshire shore by farm -servants—rough lads, girls and men—accompanying their cans of milk to Liver pool for sale. The boat, in fact, is called " the milk boat ;" and with reason, for the entire accommodation—the absolute i command, indeed—of the packet s given up to these pur veyors of catlap and cream. Upon the arrival of the boat at the stage, or the steps, the gangways are promptly and rudely occupied. Passengers, male or female, are jostled aside, their lives endangered by the chance of an immersion in the river, their clothes condemned to suffer from th e scattered milk, or the skin rubbed off their shins, or a nail or two crushed off their toes by the clogs or the cans of the boors who carry them. We have seen frequent narrow escapes from accident from these disorderly and riotous people, and rude language and insult is of daily occurrence. We should suggest, as the remedy, that the various blue -coated gentry who are stationed on our pier-heads (apparently for the sole purpose of enjoying the sea-breeze and chatting with the vendors of apples, oranges, Ognskirk gingerbread, and mellow pears, by which they are crowded) should be politely requested by the authorities to step on board each boat as it arrives, and protect the passengers, on their landing, from being jostled into the river, or drowned in a lake of the " sweet sky-blue." Surely the milk might wait on board a few seconds until this operation was safely achieved ;—it would not be turned into butter by the delay ; a n d an occa sional walk down the steps and up again wouldn't wear o u t a policeman's shoes, or materially affect his legs. WIGAN.-MONDAY EVENING (From our oivn Reporter) THE PRESENT CRISIS.—The duties of all cl asses a t t h e present crisis are laid down in so beautiful and able a man ner by our beloved rector, that every sect and persons of every denomination may profit by the perusal of the el oquen t and impressive. sermon preached by himin the parish-church on Sunday the 28th of August last. It has been p u bli s h e d in the form of a pamphlet, and the circulation of it is calcu lated to be productive of much good. THE REGISTRATION.—The conservatives of Wigan, to their credit be it spoken, have nobly followed the advice given them by the great leader of the state, and have achieved a victory in the registration courts, on Friday and Saturday last, that has completely astonished the self-confident and boasting whig-radicals who opposed . them. Th ey h ave not forgotten the declaration of the " pilot," that " the battle of the constitution must be fought in the registration courts," but came into the arena well armed with the wea pons of justice and truth, and stimulated to fight the good fight manfully with the knowledge of the inefficiency of their opponents' capabilities. Mr. Ackerley, solicitor, appeared as advocate for the conservatives ; and Mr. R. Leigh for the liberals. The list of objections to the borough voters con tained 97 names, from which the conservatives succeeded in striking off 23 liberals ; the liberals, on the other hand, only striking off 13 of the conservative votes. The list of objec tions to the burgesses contained one liberal, whose name was struck out. There was only one claimant in the list, a radical, whose claim was disallowed. Richard Matthews, Esq., was the revising barrister who attended, and he was occupied the whole of both Friday and Saturday. On no previous occasion did the conservative advocate per form the duties entrusted to him with . such cr e dit t o hi mse l f, and ability, as in the present revising barrister's court. Ralph Thicknesse, jun., Esq., was the burgess wh ose name was struck out, and the ground of objection which M r . A. took to this vote—viz., " That he did not oc cupy any rate able property within the borough"—was followed up with the most clear and persuasive arguments, Elliot and other eminent legal authorities being quoted in support of th ose which were brought forward. The municipal list is consi derably shorter this year than last, and contains fewer names in consequence of the inability o.f the voters t o pay rates. Not one objection has been sent in to the muni c i pa l voters, consequently it will merely have to receive the con firmation of the assessors. The following are the numbers of the voters in each ward :—No, 1, or Scholes Ward, 185 No. 2, or St. George's Ward, 138 ; No. 3, or Queen-street Ward, 208; No. 4, or Swinley Ward, 158; No. 5, or All Saints' Ward, 206 ; making in the aggregate, 946 voters. Let the conservative party strenuously . endeavour to follow up this victory by their earnest energies, .and with ardept zeal gain for their talented leader and admired champion. of the good cause they have espoused that support which in his important position he stands so much need of. THE CHARTIST TURN-OUTS.—Three of the leaders of the Wigan chartists were brought up at the town-hall to day, on a charge of having been concerned in the late turn. out disturbances, and have been remanded to to-night, Their names are Jeffrey Higham, John Higham, and the notorious Henry Birtwistle. The charge against Birtwistle is for reading a seditious paper calling on the people to re frain from labour, in which was a threat that if labour should be resumed within three days, the charter should have been withheld half a century WIGAN INSTITUTION FOR THE DIFFUSION OF KNOW LEDGE.—We are sorry to announce that our Mechanics' Institution" is so deeply involved in debt that it is very pro bable it will be broken up, without the influential inhabitants e o s f t t a h b e l sha boroughcund for com its e better forsvar governance o a v n e d r n w a i n t c h e . handsome donations AN IRISH ARGUMENT.—As the late Mr. G., a farmer at Duddingstone, once stood at his gate, an Irish lad came up Go to him and r equested to be employed. Mr. G.—" away, sir ! I will never employ any of your country again. Irish man.—" Why, y our honour? Sure we are good workers God bless you! do give me a job." Mr. G.—" No, sir, I won't ; for the last Irishman I employed died on my hands, and I was forced to bury him at my own charge." Irishman. —" AU. your honour! y ou need not fear that of me ; for I can get a certificate that I never died in the employment of any master I ever served!" There was no resisting this. Poor Pat got employment, and without the certificate. 'HALE FLORAL AND FIORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. The beautiful and retired village of Hale—so long celebra ted for its rural attractions—presented on Thursday last a scene of unusual animation and enjoyment, the day being set apart for the annual exhibition of fruits, flowers, &c., by the members and friends of the Hale Floral and Horticultural Society. The day was peculiarly fine throughout, and from an early hour the rural wooded lane forming the principal " street" of the village, began to assume a lively appearance. ' The tent for the show was pitched on the green in the middle of the village, as formerly, but considerably enlarged, by an addition at the top, crossing it parallel to the lane, and giving the whole the form of the letter T inverted. A small circular tent was also placed at the bottom, conjoining the larger one, for the accommodation of the band ; and the entrances and extremities were gaily dmorated with flags. The village, as most of our readers will be aware, is com posed chiefly of neat old-fashioned thatched cottages, mostly isolated in gardens, enclosed by hedges and embowered in forest and fruit trees. The principal prize being " for the cleanest and neatest cottage, and the best cultivated garden," a strong stimulus had been given to the colliers to attain this honourable distinction, so far as their circumstances and the respective advantages of their several holdings would permit ; and the result was a general attainment of order and neat ness. All the cottages appeared to have undergone a thorough whitewashing, beautifying, and garden adorn ment : and the effect of the black oaken framework of the walls in many of them of the more " olden time," con trasted with the pure white of the compartments between, pre sented a remarkably cleanly and cheerful appearance. Scarcely one of them, it may be added, is alike in style of " architec ture" or extent of ground ; and thus an agreeable variety is produced. The interior of such of them as we had an oportu nity of seeing, was of corresponding neatness, and indicative of all the comforts, real though not luxurious, of a truly English cottage, —a consummation as creditable to the wor thy and indulgent landlord, J. I. Blackburne, Esq., of the princely adjoining old Hall, as to the inmates. The gardens appeared like one continuous orchard,—every tree bended with fruit—apples, pears, and plums; many of them overhanging the lanes, and tempting the passer by to an easy appropriation, which is there scarcely deemed a delin quency. While looking at some of these cottages, and con sidering the distress that unhappily prevails in many parts of the kingdom, we were reminded of the lines of Campbell, who, when he depicts the feelings of the destitute aged wanderer, expressed in contemplating such a scene, ex claims— " Even he, at noontide, should he chance to stray Down by the hamlets' hawthorn scented way, Leans o'er its humble gate and thinks the while, Oh that for me some home like this would smile !- Some humble shade to yield my sickly form Health in the breeze, and shelter in the storm ! " At twelve o'clock, Mr. Stubbs's Royal Harmonic Band, the members of which bad, through their leader, kindly given their gratuitous services on the occasion, arrived in the village in two carriages ; and their appearance in the uniform of the Ist Dragoon Guards, with handsome brass helmets, tended greatly to enliven the scene. From this time the company, including many of the elite in beauty and fashion, from the neighbouring seats and even distant towns, began to throng to and about the inn. A considerable time (rather too, long, indeed,) was occupied by the judges in deciding upon awarding the respective prizes, and affixing the cards on the products of the several successful candidates,—a task of no little difficulty and responsibility, the articles on the whole being very prime and numerous. The judges having concluded their labours, the exhibition was opened for inspection about three o'clock, by ticket, or on payment of one shilling, for about two hours, after which it was opened gratuitously to the public. In all, about 1,100 were admitted before four o'clock. Amongst those present (many of whom were strangers whose names we could not obtain) were the following :—J. I. Blackburne, Esq., (Patron,) and Lady, Hale ; Captain Ireland Blackburne, sth Dragoon Guards ; the Misses Blackburne; Hon. Mrs. and Miss Vansittart ; George Van sittart, Esq. ; Sir Thos. Birch, Bart., Hazles ; J. Clayton, Esq. ; James Rigby, Esq., West Derby ; Miss Ashton, Woolton Hall; Miss Williams, Little Woolton; William Gerard, Esq., and Lady, Ditton House ; Rev. W. J. and Mrs. Purdon, Aigburth ; Mr. and Mrs. Henry Moss, Aig burth ; Miss Clegg, Aigburth ; Mr. and Mrs. Parker, Aig burth ; Mr., Mrs., and Miss Walker, Calderstones ; Mr. and Mrs. Sinclair, Allerton ; Rev.Thos. and Mrs. Gardener, Old Swan ; Mr. Neilson, Halewood ; Rev. Wm. Stewart, President ; Mrs. and the Misses Stewart ; S. B. Stewart, Oxford ; Rev. J. Gibson, Garston ; Rev. Townshend Drif field, Prescot ; Mr. and Miss Brereton, Speke Hall; Mr. and Miss Lacy, Kenyon House; Mr. Bushby, Larkfield ; Mrs. Foster, ditto ; Mr. and Mrs. Bushell, Liverpool ; Mr. Forster, ditto ; two Misses Robinson, Litherland ; Mr. T. Banner, Oxford; Mr. and Mrs. Ledger, Hale; Mr. and Mrs. Pilley, Warrington ; the Misses Moon, Newton ; Miss Greener Hale; Mrs. Berry, ditto; Mrs. Potter, Hudders field ; Mr. and Miss Leigh, Ardwick ; Mr. and Mrs. Redish, Garston ; Miss Redish, Hale; Mr. Rowson, Warrington ; Mr. and Mrs. Rose, Hale Bank ; George Lubbs, Esq., and Lady ; Mr. and Miss Ravel. The interior of the tent, the sides and posts of which were decorated with foliage and dahlias, presented a beautiful— we may say a gorgeous appearance. The apples, pears, and vegetables of the cottagers, and the fruits contributed by the patron of the society, Mr. Blackburn, ' Mr. Paton, Mr. Allison, and a few others were peculiarly fine. The gr a i n in the straw was also of excellent quality, highly creditable to the agriculturists of the district, as well as demonstrative of a most propitious season. The samples of beans were su perior. Amongst the cottage garden productions the apples were peculiarly splendid, including many varieties from very large to diminutive. In colour they varied from deep red and variegated to the transparent appearance of wax. The pears were next in order of excellence, and there were some fine raspberries and damsons, currants and gooseberries. The cabbages were fine, and many of them of enormous size. The same may be said of the Swedish turnips, and the carrots and turnips. The cottage window-plants were not, however, equal to those of last year; and in the vegetable de partment the celery was generally inferior, th e d ryness o f t h e season having been against it. There were many beautiful decorative plants contributed by several gentlemen, and par ticularly by the patron. A fine plant of the " Fuschia Corym biflora" was contributed by H. Moss, Esq., of Aigburth. This was grown in the open air. The ends of the tent were decorated with branches of the celebrated palm tree at Hale Hall. A large table was fixed in the centre of the main tent, on which were placed the finer productions of the garden, the hot-house and green-house, and also a number of beautiful and ingenious devices. Amongst the latter were— " The Cock and Trumpet," - the crest of the patron, well executed—the head a real one of a pheasant; the plumage formed of heath in bloom, fuschia bloom, &c.—the trumpet horizontally placed, and on which the bird stands, of heath, and the bell mouth gilded interiorly with a yellow fuschia. Of this device we may say, that had a sportsman seen it fixed on a tree at a little distance, he would certainly have had "a shy" at it, so well did it resemble the real bird. " Hale Decoy" for wild ducks—a veritable representation of the curious original, with five diverging canals from a cen tral piece of water, covered with nets, a boat, several ducks floating about in the middle, and the whole in a thicket of pine trees. _ A beautiful device in flowers, by the Misses Blackburne, representing a palm tree. The great variety of flowers, and the tasteful manner of their disposal in this piece, attracted much attention. A beautiful frame-work old English cottage (said to be a representation of the poultry-house at Hale Hall) with shrub beries, rookeries, flower garden, kitchen garden further in front, beautifully and minutely executed in miniature, with every requisite, and even an old woman gathering pease in the garden. The walks, trees, shrubs, plants, enclosing hedge, &c., were all minutely executed—even to the growing " cabbage"—by the artist, James Edgingtion, tailor, of Hale. This, we think, was the best executed model shown. A splendid device of the " Tree of Life," by Mr. Nickson, head gardener to Mr. Blackburn. This tree, of great height, had 22 branches, loaded with 24 select varieties of apples, all produced at Hale Hall, and from the largest (13 inches round) down to the most minute—on the upper branches, not larger than a well-grown cherry. Round the stem of the tree " a hideous serpent twined his folds," holding a tempting apple in his mouth, with a label appended—" The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat." We fear, as we missed a few of the apples on a second peep, and saw more than one nymph present, of whom it might be said in the langurge of Milton, " Grace was in all her steps ; heaven in her eye ; In every gesture, dignity and love"— that we have even yet Eves who could not resist the temp tation. A beautiful large circular model of a moss-house, or grotto, formed of moss and ivy, with doors, windows, aper tures, exterior pleasure-grounds, and interior fittings for the enjoyment of rural luxury. By Mr. Ralph Ashton, cabinet maker, of Hale. We noticed an immense vase or urn, formed of dahlias of varied, rich, and beautiful hues, by, we believe, Misses Black burne ; a beautiful and appropriate ornament to the tent. The Entrance Lodge to Hale Hall and neighbouring grounds, with game in the adjoining field, and plough and harrow; mushrooms growing in the meadow, sportsmen, and many other appropriate objects, including even black berries in the hedges. This was a good representation, but the figures, plough, &c., were rather too large in proportion. This model was by Mrs. Brookfield, wife of the police-officer of Hale. A Prince of Wales's Feather, of flowers and foliage, rising out of a pedestal of dahlias. In the feathers, the " Golden Rod" and " Iris." A good device. A Crown. The jewels shown resplendently, by d a hli a bloom and other flowers, from the base to the cross at top. This, which was prepared in a very short time, by Mrs. and the Misses Blackburne, was deservedly much admired. Amongst the cottager's productions in this department was a very neat and accurate representation of a romantic mar ket garden, or green grocer's ground, with figures of the old gardener and his tidy dame, dressed to the life—the for mer holding a cucumber in one hand (about an inch long), and in the other arm a bunch of miniature onions. Behind was a rockery with pig and pig's trough, &c. and in the front every species of growing vegetables, all in miniature. We observed a couple of large potatoes placed carelessly on the ground, to show, no doubt, that the artist could produce larger murphies," &c., than these represented in the ga thered heaps, and which were not bigger than peas. This was, we learn, brought from Betty Winstauley's, who, it will be found, was very successful in obtaining prizes for fruit.and garden stuff. At the far end of the tent was a rug formed of dahlias, and a peculiar moss, the glaucees moss, representing flowers, with a crown, and V. R. as a centre-piece. This was very much admired. A beautiful device, in the form of an umbrella, sent by Mrs. Fleetwood, of Tarbuck, with the base and pedestal richly ornamented with choice flowers. Also a pyramid, by Mrs. Ledger. Both these attracted much attention. There was a fine collection of fruit, from the gardens of Mr. Blackburne, comprising a large pine, grapes, melons, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, strawberries, figs, apples, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, passion-f ru it, &c. The grapes, herries, and strawberries were exceeding fine, both in size and flavour. The cherries appeared more like plums. THE COTTAGE PRISES " For the cleanest cottage and the best-cultivated gar den," the first prize (X 2 and a drawing in India ink of the cottage) was awarded to James Sutton, of Speke ; the se cond, to Martha Hosker, Halewood ; the third, to Betty Winstanley, Hale ; and an extra prize to Betty Hitchmough. There were about sixty other prizes for fruits, plants, flowers, and garden vegetables, the production of cottage gardens, and ranging in amount from 10s. to 2s. 6d. For these prizes the most successful competitors were Timothy Mason Richard Mason, and Martha Hosker, each of whom obtained a considerable number. Extra prizes were also awarded—to James Edgintoq, for the design of a cottage and garden, &c. (noticed) ; to Ralph Wright, for the decoy ; to Ralph lunbavin, for a model o f Mrs. Allen's bowling-g r een ; to Mr. Ralph Ashton, for the summer -house, or grotto ; to Mrs. Brookfield, for the land scape, lodge, &c. ; and to James Winstanley, for the design Of cut flowers representing " the cock and trumpet," the crest of the patron of the society. AGRICULTURE, &C. The premiums of 55., with a sweepstakes of Is. each added, were awarded as under : _ _ White Wheat, in the straw, not less than 50 stems—Mr. G. Halsall, Hale Bank. Red Wheat, ditto—Mr. R. Turton, Hale Bank. White Oats, ditto—Mr. John Meacock, Hale Bank. Yellow Oats, ditto—Mr. James Howard, Dition. Barley, ditto—Mr. Bramall, Speke. Beans, ditto—Mr. Thomas Wright, Hale Wood. Celery, not less than three sticks—Mr. R. Pee, Hale. Swedish Turnips, not less than three roots—Nlr. Robert Naylor, Mail!. Cabbages, brace of—Mr. James Robb, !tare Wood. Onions, six—Henry Pennington. Carrots, ditto—Mr. Gandy. Best tray of Fruit, not less than six distinct varieties—Do. Best basket of Vegetables, ditto—Do. Best Stove and Greenhouse Plant, ditto—Richard Allison, Esq., jun., Woolton. Best Pan of Dahlias, not less than 12 varieties—Mr. Thos. Fletcher, West Derby. Best Pan of Roses, not less than 6 varieties—R. Allison, Esq., jun. Best Pan of Pansies, not less than 12 varieties—Mr. Gandy. Apples (in which there was great competition)—Mr. Thos. Houghton, fla!e Bank. About five o'clock the worthy patron of the society (J. I. Blackhurue, Esq.) took his station at one of the windows of Mrs. Dunn's house, opposite the tent, to deliver the prizes to the successful individuals, and prefaced the task by a feel ing and appropriate address to the assembled multitude out side. He stated that he had been deputed to deliver the prizes, which had been awarded by gentlemen of the highest respectability and competency to decide. He had the greatest pleasure in doing so, inasmuch as it was undeniable that the society had worked well, and had given a stimulus to the cottagers and their families, in the cultivation of their grounds, and the cleanliness of their homes, which bad con duced to their greater comfort and respectability. The society had originally been intended for Hale alone; but it was afterwards thought desirable to extend it, and to ob serve the strictest impartiality to all competitors within the boundaries, which were three miles round it; and he hoped that its influence would for the future thereby be increased and consolidated. He desired to call the attention of the meeting, in an especial manner, to the great labours of the committee in its behalf. For himself be heartily awarded to them his best thanks, and he trusted he should be joined in that feeling of approbation by all who were present. Those who were present at the exhibition last year would, he felt assured, observe with him great improvements, particularly amongst the cottagers, many of the articles produced by whom would do credit to much larger establishments. The farmers, too, who had competed, deserved great praise. The turnips and some other articles they had brought up would do credit to any part of the country. The principle of the institution was admirable, but he thought some improve ments might be introduced, which he should submit to the committee, in the hope of their approval, and amongst others, that the prizes should be confined as regarded cot tagers, to those who cultivated only garden ground—those who bad other land attached to their holdings having evidently a considerable advantage over them. He expressed a hope that the stimulus given by the society would tend to the diffusion of the prizes awarded at future meetings amongst a greater number of competitors. He then distributed the praxes (as above) seriatim to the successful competitors, complimenting each in a kindly and encouraging manner, and making some facetious remarks as he proceeded. He was listened to with the greatest attention and respect—the candidates expressing their thanks in homely but heartfelt terms, and the assemblage giving evident demonstration of their good humour and satisfaction. After the distribution of the prizes, Mr. Gandy, of Walton, passed a high compliment on the patron of the society, in whose observations all must concur, and proposed the thanks of the meeting to that gentleman with three times three cheers, which was carried by acclamation. Mr. Blackburn expressed his grateful thanks. More, he said, was due to others who had originated the society, and devoted their active exertions to ensure its success than to him ; but he should do his utmost in its behalf, and believed he should be joined by every one of his family. He begged to propose the thanks of the meeting to the committee, and particularly to Mr. Nickson, to whom they were mainly in debted for the gratifying result they had witnessed, and who• had been the mainspring in the movements of the day. This was also carried by acclamation, and Mr. Nickson expressed his thanks in neat and grateful terms. Thanks were then given in a similar manner to the Rev. Wm. Stewart, the president. Mr. S., in making his acknowledgments, congratulated the meeting on the success of this their second anniversary. He said the great object of his life for the thirty years he bad resided in the place, had been to contribute to the hap piness of all around him, and the society had seconded his wishes in every respect. He invariably found that the man who took a pleasure in cultivating his garden and ornament ing his cottage, and the careful wife who kept all comfortable and neat within, were also exemplary in other relations of life. Such persons were always more constant in their attendance at church on the Sunday, and more attentive to their respective duties on the week days afterwards. He congratulated the society also on the encouragement and countenance given to it by the highly-respectable attendance that day of strangers and visitors ; and he felt assured that the presence and favour of so many distinguished individuals would prove a stimulus to further exertions amongst the cottagers, to secure their approbation for future years. He could not avoid paying due respect to the ladies who had graced the meeting with their presence and support. Man kind well knew the influence of the fair sex on all charitable and benevolent occasions. The married ladies exercised a laudable influence over their husbands; and the unmarried, " looking forward with hope to to-morrow," had no less in fluence over those whom they wished might in due time become their " lords and masters." Everything, therefore, would prosper if they had the ladies on their side. Besides, Lancashire had always stood pre-eminent for the beauty and attractions of the gentler sex, who had deservedly entitled themselves to their peculiar appellation of " Lancashire witches." He therefore proposed, from every one interested in the welfare of the society, a hearty cheer for their best friends, " the Lancashire witches." This was cordially acceded to, and the proceedings termi nated. The band afterwards played a nutnber of airs. and the village festivities were prolonged until the shades of evening closed upon the scene.• LIVERPOOL POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY. The general monthly meeting of this society took place on Tuesday evening last, at the Royal Institution—John Gran tham, Esq., the President, in the chair. The attendance was pretty numerous, and the business of the evening of an interesting character. The CHAMMAN, in a brief address, expressed the pleasure he felt, after the vacation, to resume the office he hall the honour to fill; and while be lamented the Commercial de pression that bad existed, and still continued to a considerable extent, and which tended to throw a damp upon sc i en tifi c pursuits, he congratulated the meeting on the improvement that had taken place, and which he trusted would call forth new exertions on the part of the members to further the objects of the society. During the recess, the committee had determined to award prizes, at the close of the present ses sions. for communications, &c., of adequate merit. on several subjects; and in doing so, it was thought advisable, in order to greater encouragement, to receive communications trom parties at a distance, as well as from those resident in the town. He requested the secretary to read the advertise ment (published in the beginning of July), which some of the members might possibly not have seen. The Secretary read the advertisement, which appeared in this paper on the Ist of July. The President then called on Mr. John Steel for his promised communication " ON THE RESISTANCE OF WATER TO BODIES MOVING THROUGH IT." Mr. STEEL then came forward and said, it is impossible to obtain correct ideas respecting the resistance of water to bodies moving through it without possessing a clear under standing of the laws affecting the generation and destruction of motion; to promote which object I shall direct your atten tion to the " vis inertia?" of bodies, by which is understood the disposition that all matter has to remain in any state in which it may be placed, whether of motion or rest, in con formity to which principle it is held that there is no essential difference between the action of a body in motion and the resistance of a body at rest. In case of import between them, they both resist ; or as Gravesande expresses it, " A body in motion resists not while its motion continues, but while it loses motion,—a body at rest resists not while it continues at rest, but while it is requiring motion." From this princi ple of inertia it is obvious in case a moving body meets with any obstacle to its motion. The obstacle (of whatever kind) will give a resistance proportionate to the force of the blow with which it is struck ; that is to say, if the body in motion has a velocity of ten feet per second, and impinges on another body at rest, there will be a given resistance, which resistance will be doubled provided the velocity of the moving body be increased to twenty feet per second. In addition to inertia, there is likewise the cohesiveness between the particles of bodies which may and does occasion resistance, both in solids and fluids. Thus, in the case of a log of wood lying loosely on the ground, and a projectile being sent against it ; the resistance to the projectile will depend on the cohesiveness and inertia combined ; for sup posing the force of the blow does not separate the particle or fibres of the wood, the projectile will meet a resistance equal to the whole momentum of the log of wood ; because as one particle cannot move without the others, unless separation take place, and as by the supposition the force of the blow is not able to effect the separation of the particles, the inertia of the entire mass will be the resistance to the moving body : or suppose, again, that the log of wood be fixed in the ground endways, and a projectile be sent against it, although the blow would be quite strong enough to overcome the inertia of the wood, yet, as it is fixed in the ground it will not per haps move, arid in such case the resistance will be composed of the inertia of the wood, the inertia of the soil in which it i s fi xe d, and the cohesiveness of wood to each other : and unless the latter resistance of itself were greater than what the force of the blow could overcome, it is obvious the motion of the projectile could not be entirely destroyed, as the wood would break. • — Having stated the laws of resistance from inertia, the next inquiry is—in what ma nner are we to estimate the compara tive resistances of bodies ? and how are we to measure the forces of various powers? It is clear that to measure any force we must do so by its effects and the Newtonian mode ; comparing the effects of different powers is to compare their contemporary effects — that is, their effects in any g i ven time. (Mr. Steel here quoted from several authors, expressly pointing out the ab solute necessity of cause being time in all comparisons of powers). By applying the principles laid down, the resistance of water to bodies moving through it, becomes a matter easy understood—because, as the cohesion between the particles of water is almost, if not altogether, inappreciable, the re sistance of water will consist entirely of inertia, the laws of which are simple, but, from not attending to them, great difficulties have been supposed to exist in the calculations of the resistances of fluids, the general principles of which, as stated by writers on mechanics, is, that the resistances of fluids to bodies moving thrqugh them vary a s the squares of the velocities—because, at double velocities the particles of water give double resistance,—and further, in the same time the moving body has to meet with and remove twice the number of particles; but it is to he observed that this state ment of the law of fluid resistance always supposes that in the comparison of the resistance at different velocities the same time is occupied in the experiments, for the Newtonian theory is expressly based on that supposition, w hi c h i s fully stated in Parkinson's Hydrostatics, to the effect that the re sistance of fluids (like the resistance of solids) is to be mea sured by the quantity of motion acquired by the fluid, or by the quantity of motion lost by the moving body in a given time—and, as the latter is the more easily measured, the re sistance of fluids is generally measured in that manner. It is important to observe, then, that the philosophic theory is that to produce a double velocity in a moving body. There must be exerted a power of double intensity which has to be supplied twice as fast, which is the rationale of quadruple theory of the books,* but which theory practical engineers, philosophists too, have strangely misunderstood to mean. That, to produce a double velocity, it is requisite to exert a Power of quadruple intensity having to be supplied twice as fast, the r eby occas i on i ng an absolute expendit ure of power i n t the same ti me as 8 t o 1, w hen the velociti es are as 2 to 1. To illustrate this point, Mr. Steel quoted from Mr. Booth's Pamphlet on " the theory and practice of propelling through water," and from " Gordon, on Elemental Locomotion, containing the statement made by Mr. Palmer, before the committee of the House of Commons in 1825, on the Man chester Railroad Bill, and also from the evidence of Mr. Rastrick, the engineer, as given before the same committee. This error of the engineers has arisen from the manner of making experiments, in which weights have been the motive Power—for the engineer's theory has rested on the fact, that when the same arrangement of machine was used in the ex periments at different velocities, there was always required a quadruple weight to impart a double. velocity. Thus, in Colonel Beaufoys experiments made for the Society of Naval Architecture, it appeared that when be doubled the velocity of his boats moving through water, he had to quadruple his weight, and when the velocity of his boat was increased three times, lie had t o i ncrease hi s weight nine ti mes. Mr. Booth was the first to make experiments in which at a different ve locity of the boat, he altered his machine, and it was matter of surprise to find a great difference between the results of ' his experiments when thus made, and' of experiments made in the ordinary method, and he justly attributed the differ ence to the peculiarities of the laws of gravitation, as affect , ing bodies falling at different velocities, but he had not a just idea of the quadruple theory, and consequently did not arrive at a sound conclusion on the matter. Mr. Booth's experiments were made on a small boat, in a large trough of wafer. He affixed a string to the boat, which string passed over a pulley at the end of the trough, so as to keep it always in an horizontal position; and then the string was carried upwards and passed round a pulley fixed on a shaft of light wood, upon which were pullies of various sizes. His first experiment was made by hanging a 21b. weight on a pulley of the same size as that to which the string from the boat attached. The result was—the 21b. weight descended 7ft. Gin. in 6 seconds, dragging the boat the same distance in the same time. Everything remaining the same, he substituted an 81b. weight for the 21b., and then the result was—the 81b. weight descended 71t. din. in 3 seconds, dragging the boat the same distance in the same time. These two experiments were in conformity with the com mon theory—namely, a quadruple weight or power, expended twice as fast when a double velocity was given to the boat. How is this to be explained? Facts never contradict each other. How, then, is this to be reconciled with the theory before stated? It is a fact, that all bodies, if unimpeded, would fall at the same velocity; thus, a feather and a guinea, in a vacuum, fall at the same speed ; but, in the atmosphere, the feather would fall slowly and the guinea q u i c kl y , the difference being attributed to the resistance of the air. It is obvious, if the resistance of the air bore the same ratio to the weight of the guinea as it did to the weight of the feather, that they would fall at the same rate. From this it is manifest that a difference of velocity in falling bodies can only take place when there is a difference of relation between the resistances and weights. By applying this principle to Mr. Booth's experiments, the difficulty is cleared up. We find the 21b. weight gave a certain velocity to the boat, which, by the law of inertia, would occasion a corresponding resistance. Per mitting the weight to fall at a definite speed, by increasing the weight to Gibs. it gave a double velocity to the boat, thereby occasioning a double resistance in the water ; but before the boat could attain a double velocity, the weight would have to fall twice as fast as in the first experiment, which could not happen unless the relation between the weight and the resistance were doubled. That is to say, as the boat, at a double velocity, has to overcome a double resistance, it will require d ou bl e power; an d as the ratio between the weight and resistance has also to be doubled before the weight can fall twice as fast, there will be required double power for that also, making a quadruple weight (not power) requisite to produce a double velocity, and to over come its concomitant double resistance. Mr. Booth's third and sixth experiments were made by causing the string of the boat to pass over a pully twice the size of that to which the weight was attached ; consequently, the boat was dragged at twice the speed of that at which the -weight fell. The result was, as between experiments 3 and 6, the same ratio of resistance maintained as between 1 and 2, but when No. 3 or 6 was compared with No. 2, there was a wonderful difference. In No. 2, it required Sibs. falling 7 ft. 6 in. in 3 seconds to drag the boat 7 ft. 6 in. in 3 se conds; in No. 3, it only required 51bs. falling 7 ft. 6 in. in 6 seconds to drag the boat 15 feet in 6 seconds, the motion I of the boat being at the same rate as in No. 2 ' • but observe the weight only fell a t h a lf th e ra t e as i n N o. 2, and conse quently the relation between weights and resistance were different, and taking into account that the friction of the shaft was also different, we have a full explanation of the whole matter; for, according to the theory now advocated, a quadruple weight falling the same distance, and dragging a boat at double lev erage , w ill pro d uce exactly the requisite conditions of the quadruple theory—that is. a double power moving at double speed ; but in Mr. Booth's third ex peri ment there was only 51bs., not 81bs. To what is the differ ence attributable ? Some persons may doubt of the friction being sufficient to account for the difference as between Gibs. and 51bs. ; but it is easily shewn to be so. The axle of Mr. Booth's shaft consisted of half-inch iron, working in a hole in a prop made of wood ; and there does not appear to have been any means taken to obviate the enormous friction con sequent upon such an arrangement, as, on Mr. Booth being applied to on the subject, his answer does not mention that such means had been taken, and as the shaft was made of light wood, it is reasonable to suppose the prop was of the same material. It is to be observed that friction is a thing but imperfectly known ; but there is sufficient known to assure us that increase of weight upon an axle makes a dif ference in the friction, and also that an increase of speed makes a difference ; and as in No. 2 the weight was 81bs., and in No. 3 only 51bs., and as in No. 2 the axle turned round twice as fast as in No. 3, it is evident there must have been much more friction in experiment No. 2 than in No. 3. I am aware engineers have a theory that friction is the same at all velocities, but it can easily be shown that such is absurd Mr. Steel here quoted from Mr. Booth's pamphlet, Gor don, and others, stating this principle, more especially as referable to railroads, upon which subject he then proceeded. It is surprising to find men of eminent ability, in the face - of their own every-day experience, adopting such a theory ; thus it appears admitted on all bands, that supposing the load to remain the same in a railroad train, it will require an engine of double power to drag it at a double speed, and as in the same time the engine will travel twice as far; it is ob vious that there will be consumed a quadruple quantity of steam, because, as the area of the piston will be double, each stroke will consume a double quantity of steam, and to go double distance the engine will have to make twice the num ber of strokes. It is true, that if you merely estimate the consumption of steam, while travelling a given distance, that then the quantity of steam consumed will only be double ; but that would be to set at nought one of the fundamental laws of Newtonian philosophy, which is, to estimate various powers and resistances by their cotemporary e f fects, that is to say, by their effects in a given time, in which case railroad travelling has no advantage over water conveyance, in which the law is undoubted. " That the resistances at different velocities is as the squares of the volocities." But it may he objected . to me, if you maintain that it does not require an octaple expenditure of steam power in a given time to propel about through water at a double speed ; how do you reconcile your theory to practice ? for instance, Mr. Seaward read, to the society of . engineers, a table of the practical results of steam navigation, which approximated very closely to the octable theory—to this I answer, that a mere table of results is not of much authority without the data from which it was calculated ; for men of the greatest eminence occasionally make great errors in calculating the results of their own experiments; thus, in Mr. Wood's work on r a il roa d s , h e g i ves the table of the ' power of loco motive engines, stating, that taking an engine of given power it will be able to drag different loads at different velocities, namely : 20 tons, At 20 miles an hour 15 fl 10 „ 80 „ .. which is exactly the octable theory, because, at 20 miles an hour, the engine will use twice the quantity of steam it uses at 10 miles an hour, supposing it to be at work for an hour in both cases, and we may therefore take the table as show ing that the same quantity of steam at double speed will only drag one-eighth the weight that it can drag at single speed. The most surprising part of this table is, that it contradicts the experiments made by Mr. Wood himself, and is in oppo sition to every other authority ; for instance, Mr. Rastrick's table in the British Encyclopaedia, article railroads. On examining the report of the evidence before the CoM mittee of the House of Commons of 1825, 1 find that both the promoters and opponents of the Liverpool and Man chester Railroad Bill were quite satisfied that on a railroad, if you applied a given power to a given load, you always pro duced the same effect, no matter at what velocity you dragged the land ; whereas on a canal, if you doubled the velocity you had to increase the power eight times; and to prove this position Mr. Palmer calculated a table, which was handed into the committee, stating the comparative effect in dragging a load as between a canal and railway. By the table it appears the canal effect was much greater than the railroad effect at all velocities less than 41 miles per hour, but at higher velocities the railway effect was infinitely greater than the canal effect. Thus the effect of Ilb. at 4 miles per hour per canal was 200, per railway 180 ; 11b. at 2 miles per hour per canal was 1,600, per railway 180. In conclusion, Mr. Steel stated that the great difference between steam-vessels and locomotive carriages was, that the fulcrum of the steamer was moveable, but the fulerum of the locomotive was fixed, there was also a difference in the in crease of resistance at high speed from the wave the steamer created at her bow, and also from the water not closing' in upon her stern as she passed through it, which two kinds of resistance were denominated by Col. Beaufoy as plus and minus pressures, on the subject of waves. Mr. Steel read some extracts from the report made by Mr. J. S. Russell to the British Association in 1834 and 1835, but as they had no immediate reference to the laws of inertia, we do not deem it necessary to quote them. Liverpool, 16th September, 1842. JAMES STEEL, 62, Windsor-street. Mr. Steel was heard with much attention, and was cheered at the close of his address. The CHAIRM AN tfieninvited any remarks which gentlemen present might think fit to make, and a short discussion en sued, in which Mr. Booth, Mr. Lord, Mr. Steel, the Chair man, and a few others took part, but we have not space to enter into detail. Mr. Booth supported the accuracy of his experiments, and Mr. Lord also questioned some of the positions of Mr. Steel, who explained, and urged with equal confidence the data on which he had proceeded and the de ductions he had drawn from them. The Chairman remarked (and this appeared to be admitted by them all) that in the power required to propel a vessel through the water, much depended upon the form or model of the vessel's bottom. A vote of thanks was then passed to Mr. Steel for his communication. The minutes of the council were then read, and some explanations were given relative to the communications, &c., for the close of the year, for which it had been announced that prizes should be awarded. Thebusiness of the meeting then concluded, and a number of the memhers retired to the Committee-room, and partook of tea and coffee before they took their departure. * In support of this view Mr. Steel read an extract from Gravesand's Natural Philosophy, relating his experiments on the pressure upon bodies at rest, occasioned by water flow ing against them at different velocities. Note.—ln Mr. Seward's table, as quoted in Mr. Booth's pamphlet, he say s , th a t to propel a vessel of 1,200 tons at four miles per hour, require 30-horse power engine ; at 8 miles per hour, requires 112-horse-power engine ; at 10 miles per hour, requires 250-horse-power engine. This is either a misprint, or it is a palpable instance of the fallaciousness of tables—as at 12 miles an hour the engine ought only to be of 2 i o -horse-power—being 9 times the power for a treble velocity ; or if we look upon 8 miles as the initial velocity, then at 16 miles an hour, the engine ought to be 448-horse-power, whereas at 10 miles an hour it is put down as of 250-horse-power, which is greatly in exeess of the octuple theory, taking the initial velocity either at 4 miles or 8 miles per hour. MEETING OF OPERATIVE BAKERS.—Last night a meet ing of the journeyman bakers of this town was held at the Reform News Room in P ara di se-street, to ta k e i nto consi deration the propriety of uniting with the Union of the trade in Ireland and Scotland, as the best means of ameliorating their condition. Mr. Wilkie was called to the chair, and after opening the business, introduced to the meeting Mr. Christopher Whalen, from Dublin, who entered into an explanation of the movement in the trade in Ireland. He stated that the operative bakers in Dublin, and the several larger cities in that country had, after finding that the monopoly which they had each before adhered to for years was not beneficial, formed a union for mutual support and the removal of the evils under which they laboured—and par ticularly night-work—and that they had been joined by the principal towns in Scotland. He drew a distressing picture of the sufferings of the trade, arising chiefly from the order of nature being in their case inverted as to the time of labour, &c.—and as a delegate called upon those present to join with his countrymen an d th e S co t c h t o f o rm a strong national union, in order to their enjoying the privileges and the name of tradesmen, which they had not yet attained in com mon with their fell ow -t ra de s men of other denominations. A good deal of discussion took place, and resolutions were passed, to the effect thatit was expedient the operatives here should join the Irish and Scotch of the trade, as a branch of the national union, and pledging themselves to do so. No unfriendly feeling whatever was evinced towards the master bakers, and though there was some difference o f op i n i on as to primary proceedings, the meeting was un an i mous on the main object. It was also understood th a t a correspondence should be opened with Manchester, London, and other towns, with a view to obtain the co-operation of the trade in those places. Thanks were voted to the chairman, and the meeting separated. CORRESPONDENCE. EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW RAILWAY TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, SIR,—My attention has been directed to a❑ article in you; 1 paper of this morning, headed as above, which has causer. me, as a party deeply - interested in the undertaking, mu regret; inasmuch as it is so glaring an attempt to puff up the concern, that it cannot fail to do it an injury with the public. The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, beliese, ' . needs no such artificial means to enable it to take that place in the public estimation which it deserves; but if share holders, or others, are weak enough to believe that it is going forthwith to pay a dividend of seven per cent, they are doomed to experience bitter disappointment. The following estimate may be taken as a somewhat nearer approximation to what may be expected as the result of the present half year's working, and if it should be borne out, 1, for one, shall be well contented; satisfied, as 1 am, that the elements of future gradual improvement exist on the line to as great an extent as on most others of the most successful of our A. Shareholder's" statement of the re- railways From " ceipts to the 10th inst deduct error discovered in the week ending the 3rd instant, about will leave to which add, for seven weeks in September and October, an average of £2,100 per week and for nine weeks subsequently £l,BOO per week 29,859 14,700 16,200 making a gross revenue, for the half-year, of 60,759 In estimating the expenses for the same period, we have nothing to guide us hut the result of the first four months working, which is hardly a sufficient datum, as it is fair to infer that the percentage will be less upon an increased re ceipt ; but let us err on the safe side, and assume that as a rule. The working expenses during that period were 33 per cent. on the gross receipts, including a mileage duty exceed mg seven per cent. thereon; this being now reduced to five per cent. on passengers only, will be not touch short of three per cent. in favour of the company, and will be more than sufficient to cover income tax, and some trifling charges heretofore charged to capital account ; therefore from £60,759 deduct 33 per cent. or deduct also interest, estimated at add balance on band, 30th June will give a nett revenue of from which deduct dividend on 18,000 shares of £5O each, at three per cent... will leave a clear surplus o 40,709 11,600 29,109 1,449 to carry over to 1843- 30,558 27,000 3,538 Beliving, as I do, that the traffic is susceptible of a great increase, I am under no apprehension us to the above rate of dividend being maintained, and in time augmented ; and I look upon the prospect as sufficiently flattering to induce those who can hold their shares to do so, until they can obtain a price more commensurate with their intrinsic value than that now current; at the same time, let it not be for gotten that they are not much lower, relatively, than the shares in other undertakings which have stood the test of experience ; and it is expecting rather too much to call upon the public to give the value of a seven per cent. dividend, for a stock which as yet has paid but five per cent. People begin to be tired of discounting large anticipated dividends, and puffing is nearly exploded 16th September, 1812 PATIENCE TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD Sta,—ln the report of the Catholic meeting, held in the Queen's Theatre on Thursday evening last, your reporter ascribes certain remarks which I made in reference to " calumniators then present," to a disposition on my part to assail " the representatives of the Protestant press." Allow me to assure you, that the remarks in question had reference to certain Catholic Alarplots, whose names it is unnecessary to specify. lam not, be assured, of that dicta torial class of politicians which would resent with harshness the strictures of an avowed opponent. It is the unmasked foe, not-the open enemy, whom I despise, and I ever shall despise.—l am, Sir, your obedient, humble. servant, E. C. GRIFFIN. 5, Surrey-street, Kent-square, 17th September, 1842. [ln reply to the above we can only say that, whilst fully crediting Mr. Griffin, w e can rea dil y excuse t h e conc l us i on to which our reporter came upon hearing the remarks of that gentleman. Romanism is not apt to split upon its humblest members ; and we are convinced that even Mr. Griffin, much as he may despise " the Marplots," masked or unmasked, of whom he speaks, dare not denounce them " by name !" Our columns are open if he likes to try the experiment.— ROMISH CONTROVERSY TO THE REV. DR. BUTLER SIR,—You have been so long accustomed to teach your people to strike out God's second commandment from their catechisms, that I ought not to be surprised at your disregard of his ninth commandment in your practice. Yes, sir, the man who is bold enough to teach men to bow down to images, in defiance of the commands of his God, could not be very scrupulous about bearing false witness against his neighbour. I feel called upon thus publicly to rebuke your mis-state merit that I had spoken► from my pulpit, of your removal firm a Romish chapel in Liverpool. I would deem such an act a desecration of that holy place. You were also much mistaken in my supposed exultation at your departure from Liverpool. I look upon your con tinued residence there an advantage to Protestant truth. The members of the true Catholic Church in Liverpool have in von, sir, a proof that Romanism is afraid of the light. You have shrunk from a controversy with a person whom you describe as the most incompetent of the Protes tant clergy in Liverpool. It is now fifteen months since I deprived you of that ex cuse, for you will remember that I offered to submit to be publicly examined by you in the learned languages, in theo logy, and church history, PROVIDED YOU WOULD SUBMIT TO A SIMILAR TEST FROM ME. I well knew that the education of an Irish Romanist at Maynooth would not enable him to undergo such a test of his competency. Havin g therefore set at rest this question, I re j o i ce t o fi n d that you have again come forward with a challenge. I hope, sir, it will not be followed by a second retreat on your part. I find by the public prints that you declared, at the Queen's Theatre, on Thursday last, that you were ready, " single handed, to meet four-and-twenty Protestant parsons in de fence of any truths of the Catholic religion." Now, sir, as a Protestant parson, I accept that challenge, and beg to submit again to your consideration the letter ad dressed to you by me in November last. Your people have again an opportunity of seeing the sin curity of your professions ; and also, what is of much greater importance, an opportunity of seeing that a Roman priest could not venture to meet a true Catholic priest in the arena of fair and candid discussion. I can most truly assure you, that I have no exultation at your fall, and that had I the opportunity, I would gladly show you that I have no other feelings towards you than those which arise from the love of Christ.-1 remain, sir, your obedient servant, JOSEPH BAYLEE Parkfield, Birkenhead, Sept. 19, 1842. TO THE REV. DR. BUTLER Siu,—A respectable Roman Catholic bookseller called on a friend of mine, stating that you had declared to him your readiness to meet me, and undertook to bring a written message to me to that effect. He again called on my friend on Monday last, and said that you had refused to write it, but that you commissioned him to say that you were willing, upon certain conditions, to meet me. I take this method of inquiring whether you really gave that message. If so, my address is " Parkfield, Birkenhead," and a letter will at any time find me. I beg again to repeat my readiness publicly to bring to the test of God's holy Word the doctrines of Romanism. You have written two volumes professing to prove the "'TRUTHS OF THE CATHOLIC RELIGION FROM SCRIPTURE ALONE." I have carefully read those volumes, and I have already publicly shewn, in four lectures, that you have eminently failed in proving the peculiar doctrines of the Romish Church to have any foundation in Scripture. I now again, sir, call upon you to meet me in the presence of your people, and to bring to the test of Scripture the following Romish doctrines : I. THE WORSHIP OF THE HOST. Romanism teaches that the host is to be worshipped as God. Have we precept or example in the New Testament for the worship of the host? 2 THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS FOR THE DEAD. Romanism teaches that the sacrifice of the Mass is an offering propitiatory for the sins of the dead. Where is this taught in the New Testament ? Do we read any where of Christ or his Apostles making an offering for the dead ? 3 JUSTIFYING FAITH. Romanisrn pronounces the man accursed who believes that justifying faith is nothing else but a confidence in the Divine mercy pardoning sins for Christ's sake. Where does Scripture pronounce that curse? Did Christ or his Apostles teach that it is a damnable heresy to trust alone in God's mercy through Christ? 4. ELECTION TO EVERLASTING LIFE. Romanism pronounces the man accursed who believes himself to be in the number of the elect. Where is that curse pronounced in Scripture? 5. SUPREMACY OF THE POPE. The Bishop of Rome claims supreme authority over the whole Church, as the successor of St. Peter. Where does Scripture teach us that St. Peter was ever Bishop of Rome ; or that he conferred ally prerogative upon the Roman See ? 6. IMPURITIES OF THE CONFESSIONAL. Romanism teaches that priests should ask females abomi nable and indecent questions, at confession; and that females must not shrink from conversing in the most indelicate man ner with unmarried priests. Where does Scripture teach auricular confession, or com mand Christian Ministers to pollute the female members of their churches by filthy conversation? I invite you, sir, to come forward and bring these doctrines to the test of God's word. I have the authority of that word for saying that, if you really believe them, and if you have learned them from the Scriptures, you will not refuse to do so. if you continue to hold back, it is not uncharitable to say that to you are applicable the words of our Lord : " EVERY ONE THAT DOETH EVIL HATETH THE LIGHT, NEITHER EOMETH TO THE LIGHT, LEST HIS DEEDS SHOULD BE REBROVED•" If you continue to hold back, you and your brethren will find that Romanists in the light of Pro testant England, are a very different class of persons from Romanists in an Italian parish. They will think. They are reading my letters. Two thousand copies of my last letter to you have been circulated amongst them. This one will also be widely diffused ; and, by the blessing of God, many of them will be induced to do what you refuse to do. They will search the Scriptures, and find in them that Catholic truth pronounces Romanism a heresy, denyin g the true Gospel of Christ; and, by the blessed Saviour's grace, they will hear his voice—" COME OUT OF HER , MY PEOPLE, THAT YE BE NOT PARTAKER S OF HER PLAGUES." Excuse my plain speaking. I write in the presence and the fear of God. He knows that I write with no unkind feelings towards you or towards any man. I hate your errors ; I love your person, and mourn over the ruin which impends over your soul, when you shall have to answer at the judgment seat of Christ for your false teaching. I remain, Sir, Your faithful servant in Christ, JOSEPH BAYLEE. Parkfield,•Birkenhead, Nor. 18, 1842. A pretented wit went one morning to the House of Rul hieres in order to read two tales of his own composirion. After having heard the first, and before the author could take the second sheet out of his pocket, Rulhieres said w him, " I like the other best." EXEMPLARY RESIGNATION.—The fosterer answered with a sigh. "Wh y ," cont i nue d t h e ratcatc h e r, " were you married, like myself, you couldn't be much more miserable. Arrah ! what the plague has come over you man? Can't you take things aisy, like me ? Havn't I left an affectionate wife behind, and ye see I bear like a Christian."--Hector 0' tiolloran. MANSLAUGHTER,. AT BOLD On Tuesday last an inquest was held before Mr. Heyes, at the house of Mr. Priest, the Griffin, at Bold, on view of the body of Brian Lamer, an Irish labourer, whose death occurred under the circumstances related in the following evidence, which was adduced before the coroner and jury William Lerner stated,—The deceased was my brother. We both came over to England to get work in the harvest ; but I came before my brother. We were returning home last Sunday morning, and went into a public-house a little on the other side Warrington, kept by the prisoner, Joseph An drews, now present. Besides myself and my brother there were six 01 hers. We called for a quart of ale, and drank it amongst us. By some means or other the jug and glass were broken—l believe by Patrick M`Cue. There was some quarrelling took place amongst ourselves about paying for them. The glass was paid for, and before we could pay for the jug the police came in. He struck Michael M'Cue more than once. My broth er a l so got up, and the police struck him with his staff somewhere about the head; and then the prisoner (the landlord) took up the kitchen poker, and struck the deceased on the top of the head with it, and knocked him . down. My brother begged that the landlord would not kill him. This took place some time after 12 o'clock. My brother lay a short time on the form where he fell, and then he got up, and I went out with him. I turned back into the house for the sickles, and the police followed me out, and again struck my broth er b etween the shoulders with his staff, and also kicked his breech. We then walked through Warrington, and when we got over the Sankey Canal deceased asked me to let him rest, as he was killed by the poker. I let him rest, and smoked a pipe whilst he slept. Blood came out of his mouth and nose as lie rested. I let him remain abeut half an hour, and then wished him to go on, but at that time he could neither stand nor s p ea k. I therefore took hi m o n m y back and carried him to a building near Bold Heath, where I placed him . up?n some straw. He never spoke afterwards, but lingered until about II o ' clock, when lie died. Th e h a t now p r odu c ed is the one whi c h my brother wore. It i s cut at t h e t op , an d is much marked in side with bl oo d. l am qu i te certa i n t h at the prisoner is the person who struck my brother with the poker. The abo ve ev id enc e was corroborated in every particular up to the time that deceased and his brother left Warrington by two of the other Irishmen who were present. There were two persons besides the pbliceman produced as witnesses on behalf of the prisoner, and who were in the house at the time. ThomasMainstated that he helped the policeman to get the Irishmen out, as there was a row amongst them. That he never saw the landlord in the room, and never saw him strike any one. " I did not see any one knocked down. I had a poker in my hand, but I never struck any one with it." Thomas Cason was in the house when the row began. Saw the Irishmen laying on th e policeman with their sticks, and he was defending himself with his staff. "The landlord left the kitchen before I did, but I do not know where he ' went to. I never saw any one with a poker." The third witness on the peat of the landlord was George Kaye, police constable 103, who stated—l was fetched by Joseph Andrew's daughter, on Sunday. Found the Irish men fighting with their sticks in the tap room. Asked them to desist. One of them stepped forward and struck me on my hat. Others struck me before I could get my truncheon out. I then struck at them. I did not see any other per son strike at them. I never saw Joseph Andrews (prisoner) in the room. When the scuffle was over I saw one of the Irishmen sitting iy the corner on a form. He got up, and took my hand, and said he'did not blame me, as it was all their own fault. One of them gave me sixpence for the broken jug. One had a bloody head. I never kicked or struck any one outside the door. After the men were gone " I heard Thomas Makin [the first witness called for the prisoner] say that he hit one on the head with a poker, and he fell, and then he hit another on the shins, who also fell. This he said of his own accord, in the presence of William Gerard, Thomas Dibson, and others. 1 never saw any one with a poker at all." Mr. Blundell, surgeon, of St. Helen's, made a post mor tern examination, and proved the nature and extent of the injury received by the deceased ; that the wound on his head was sufficient to cause death ; and that it was his (Mr. B.'s) opinion that if deceased had had immediate medical aid he could not have recovered. After hearing the evidence, of which the above contains the principal part, the gentlemen composing the jury were locked up for three hours, when they returned a verdict of manslaughter against Joseph Andrews, who was consequently committed to take his trial for the offence. The prisoner is the landlord of the Dog and Partridge pub. lic-house, at Poulton, near Warrington. VARIETIES, SCRUPLES.—" Jo, how many scruples is there in a drachm ?"—" Don't know, zur." " Well, remember, there's eight."—" Eight ! pooh ! dad always 'takes his without no scruples."—New York paper. Beautiful is the love, and sweet the kiss of a sister; but when you haven't a sister handy, try your cousin—'tisn't much worse. " Well, Miss," said a knight of the birchen rod, " can you decline a kiss?" " Yes, Sir," said th e g i r l, d ropp i ng a per plexed curtesy, " I can—but would rather not." A gentleman was one day composing music for a lady to whom he paid his addresses. " Pray, Miss D.," said he, " what time do you prefer ?" "Oh !" she replied, carelessly, " any time will do,—but the quicker the better." The com pany smiled at the rejoinder, and the gentleman took her at her word. Two glances make a bow' two bows a bow d'ye do, four how d'ye do's a conversation, three conversations an acquain tance, nine hundred and ninety-nine acquaintances a friend. THE FRENCH: LANGUAGE.—When some one was expa tiating on the merits of the French language to Mr. Canning, he exclaimed—" Why what on earth, Sir, can be expected of a language which has but one word for liking and loving, and puts a fine woman and a leg of mutton on a par—J'anzie Julie—J'ande an gigot !" TROTTERS AND GALLOPERS.--A young man, whose father had made a fortune by keeping a trotter-shop, very soon lost it by keeping race-horses, which caused a wag to say, " his father made his money by trottere, and the son lost it by galloppers." SINCERITY AND MORALITY SUPERIOR TO POLICY.—To live with our enemies, as those who one day become our friends, and live with our friends as those who, some time or other, may become our enemies, equally contradicts the nature of hatred and the rules of friendship. It may be a good maxim in policy, but it is a detestable one in morality. ROUNDABOUT EVIDENCE.—Mother Hopkins told me that she heard Green's wife say that John Glarrie's wife told her Granny Hopkins heard the widow Basham say that Captain Weed's wife thought that Colonel Hodkin's wife believed that old Miss Lamb reckoned that Samuel Dun ham's wife had told Spalding's wife that she heard John Tricks say that her mother told her old Miss Jenks heard Granny Cook say that it was a matter of fact. —American paper. HOOD versos GHOSTS.—Ghosts be hanged! No such things in nature ; all laid long ago, before the wood pavement. What should they come for ? The colliers may rise for higher wages, and the Chartist may rise for reform, and Joseph Sturge may rise for his health, and bread may rise, and the rising generation may rise ; but that the dead should rise only to make one's hair rise, is more than I can credit Suppose yourself a ghost, Well, if you come out of your grave to serve a friend, how are you to help him ? And if it's au enemy, what's the use of appearing to him ! if you can't pitch into him.—New Monthly. DisTRAINING rot:. RENT.—" Speaking of Turkey," says the N. 0. Picayune, we heard an extensive tale yesterday. It was told us by a doctor. A man up town on going to din ner a day or two ago, found a magnificent turkey, weighing fifteen or twenty pounds, smocking hot on the table. As he happened to recollect that he had himself purchased a pair of ducks in the market that morning, he began to wonder how they became transformed into the dish before him. " Ben," said he to the boy waiting upon him, " where did this turkey come from ?" " Why, Ea," said B en, " d at ar turkey is been roosin on our fence dis three nights, and dis mornin' I seize him for de rent ob de fence !" A great nig gar that fWe have a shrewd suspicion that he understands the laws of Tur key much better than his master. ANECDOTE ov SHE R l DAN.—Sheridan used to say that the life of a manager was like the life of the ordinary cf Newgate, a constant superintendence of executions. The number of authors whom he was forced to extinguish was, he said, a perpetual literary massacre, that made St. Bar tholomew's altogether shrink in comparison. Play-writing, singly, accounted for the employment of that immense multitude who drain away obscure years beside the inkstand, and haunt the streets with iron-moulded visages, and study coloured clothes. It singly accounted for the rise of paper, which had exhausted the rags of England and Scotland, and had almost stripped off the last covering of Ireland. He had counted plays until calculation sank under the effort, and every rejected play of them all seemed, like the clothes of a Spanish beggar, to turn into a living, restless, merci less, indefatigable progeny. THE COCK OF THE Noon.—ls of the gallinaceous order, and the noblest species of the genus tetrao. It was formerly common in the pine forests of Scotland and Ireland, as well as all over England when a great part of the country was covered with heath ; it is now wholly unknown in the south, and but for the protection afforded the species by the Marqui s of Breadalbane in Scotland, would probably be now almost extinct there. It abounds however, in the forests of Rus s i a , Norway, Sweden, and other parts of the north as well as among the dense pine woods of the Alps. It varies in weight from eight to fourteen pounds. The female of the species is neck, and back 'L much less, and, as will be seen, entirely, nlike the male in plumage. The general colour of the male on the upper parts is chestnut brown irregularly marked with blackish lines ; the cones of the latter the breast is glossy greenish black, passhig into black on tl • marledunder withsurface. tra l n n sv t e i rse fe b m ar a s le o t f he re h d ea a a nd black ; tTheheundaerer boughs for an habitation. sot face is pale orange yellow barred with black. of the wood when in the forest attaches himself principallycock p one tree bare before he will touch the just beside him. serving to for t i h ti e s o f a o k od an an d d th t e he pin th e ic tr k ee, He He In winter chiefly he resides in the . ion li . Y fond of a moun esoomueestiomfeasawo•tihllorsttrhiough e feeds also upon a ta n i t o ' o s u e s gg a s n a d nd wo c o ra d i y ib e si r t r a ie a s t darkest and inmost part of the woods , • • out for short periods among th e corn. TheT summer he ventures makes him a valuable prize, much delic ac y o f hi s fl es h sought occas ions lie appears most cautious after, and on these and those who would take him ; lie i s se ld om surpr i se d, find him in his retreats. At the must at least venture up to silence of the black and glo earlie s t re t urn o f spr i n g. the gloom y of the male wood grouse forest is broken by the voice stump or branch, and thecalling to hi s ma t es f ro m some the trees have all their . season of courtship continues till leavess and the forest is in full bloom. During this season the at sunset extremel • cock of the wood is seen at dawn and brunches of the pine tree, his t active upon one of the largest thefeet, ail expanded, wings lowered to neck protruded, head backward swollen and red, walking and forward inwhile uttering postures most grotesque to us, . a cry to be heard at . • this cry is instantly a great distance . followed by a noise like the whetting of a scythe, which ceases and commences alternately for about an h our ; and is acc ompanied by a clapping of the wings, and is no sooner finishes than the female approaches. The number of females that resort to his call is uncertain. The trachea of this bird makes a loose fold of two curves before it enters the chest, so as to gain a great increase of length, and is besides governed by a peculiar apparatus of muscles. Upon all other occasions this bird is one of the most timorous and watchful in nature, but during the time of the cry described he seems entirely deaf, and insensible of every danger • whateve r noise may be made near hi m , or , even though fired' at which is sometimes the case, for the noise attracts both friends and foes, he still continues his call. The female seldom lays more than six or seven eggs, which are white marked with yellow, of the size of a common hen's. She hatches them without the company of the cock. When she leaves them in quest of food she covers them up artfully 3, with moss or d r y leaves. She is now extremel • tame - tranq uil, however wild and timorous in ordinary, The youn g and - • are seen, a s with partridge, sometimes running after entirely disengaged from the shell. Ants' eggs her not mountain berries arc their first food ;as they and the wild tops of heather and the cones of pin grow older the bardy bird ; their food lies everywheree trees. They are a would seem that they should increase before them, and it But this is not the case ; their numbers in great abundance. species, and still more by theirrobers are thinned by other When the mother's care ceases, own salacious contests. month or more, the young which is at the end of a keep in great harmony to;',_ .males entirely forsake her, and and then adieu ~ . ,_'ther till the beginning of spring, to an their ' each other like game tortner friendship. They flight own safety that it li , and are so inattentive to their :livens a shot. two or three of them are killed at