The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-01-25 00:00:00

FORT:TON 4r COLONIAL INTELLIGENCI SPAIN.—The Madrid journals of the 13th state that General Espartero had on that day taken the oaths and his seat in the senate. There was a very numerous at tendance, and the general was loudly greeted. 'The pro ceedings in the Chamber of Deputies was confined to subjects of mere local interest. The journals contain n t t line of pol al news The Queen of Spain has ordered the Court to go into mourning for a fortnight (the first week of whieb bt of the most rigorous kind), in consequence of the death _ _ misted that there are mot less than 50,800 per ,drid suffering from the grippe. The malady ry inconvenient, presents no alarming symp The Bsyle .Gazette states that there are ; just grounds for apprehending that Father Maguire came by kis death by unjust means. On the.i'tb instant, Mr. Mogiire died without previous illness and in the everting his sister-in law also died. A, post mortern examination -was held, when it was ascertained that neither of the bodies had any appearance of having died of fever which -was alleged•to be the cause of death. Hordes of miserable creatures belongittg•to the west e rn and eaQtern parts of the county of CClaik, •are every day brought before the magistrates of Cork City,.Oharged with begging and breaking windows, and are _committed to committed to the county jail for short ;periods of impri sonment for seeking charity in their 'native vlaces, and when discharged, they are thrown into , the.ttity -without the mans of getting back to their own 'unions. CLARE SPECIAL ICIOMMISSION.—OR ?ilonday the jury convicted John Crowe, a farmer, forinciting Ryan and others (convicted) to murder Mr. Watson, the agent to the property of which Ile was tenant. It appeared in evi dence, that the murderers slept at prisoner's 'house the night b e fore the murder. He is not sentenced yet.— Thomas M'Enerney, one of a gang of eight, was con victed of the murder or Martin M•Mahon,.under circum stances of fierce brutality. Three others of the gang in custody wish to plead guilty. THE PRIESTS AND THE PAITPEF S.—The:list of persons proscribed on Monday at the Repeal Association was :not very long, but it ' h names, viz.—The chief embraced hig golo•rnor of Ireland, tbe chief magistrate of Dublin, the and a few other personages. Then comn►enced the .dis gu-airig p'oeess of reading letters from the poorest dis tricts in Ireland, filled with mtlancholy .dt tails of the poverty of the people and their sufferings.; and, instead of containing solicitations for relief, these letters covered RN:PEAL —At the weekly meeting on Monday, the elp.irman, Mr. J. H. Dunne, said he felt both shame and humiliation at the omission by the Lord Mayor, from the list of toasts at the recent civic dinner of the memory of le said was a gross and premeditated in , ult to the memory of " that great man. Mr. John O'Connell. in the course of his speech. said that two of otit a•i the avowca advocates of giving up lega and plunging the country into violent rebellion eher parties spoke, and at the close the _ _ Several rent was an- an need to be Xll3 . The judges of the Special Commission at Ennis, on Saturday week, sentenced to death Ryan and Hayes, the two men found guilty of the murder of Mr. Watson. The remainder of the day was occupied in the trial of Michael Butler and Matthew 11,urigan, each about 35 i the murder of Cleary in the.evening, the deceased left BroadtOrd, on his way to Limerick, and when about a m►le and a half from the vil lage he was was overtaken by two men, one of whom dis charged a pistol at and wounded him, from the effects of which he died in a fortnight, Immediately after the out rage he matle a sworn intormation, upon which the priso ners were taken up, and identified by Cleary before his death. The cause of the murder was revenge against the deceased for having been engaged in prosecuting, at the Spring Assizes last year, s )me parties for a Whiteboy out rage. Tile prisoners were ti,und guilty, but not sentenced. Goon HOPE By the.ship Glen _Huntley, we estim Kel r to a ( in tat es this morning from the Cape of Good Hope of November, and from Grahamstown la the ffair had taken place with a detachment of the er the command of Col. Somerset, and a body under the command of one of the sons of Pat , it about 1000 strong, on the colonial side of th In this Ise the Ka►flirs were the aggressors ui Ind considerable .skill was manifest ec le position they occupied ; hut they _overt esist the attack made upon ihem, chiefly by bunted Riftel, and tiwy retreated, leavinz Heavy and it. i duty tt ead bodies on the ground they occupied. 13 ur tmops only two men wore slightly wounded partitively bold front shown by the Kaffirs they have not given way to despondency it of the surrender of Sa► di4la and his,tribe had impeded the prozress Of the operations ,lite clear - that the troops had yet a barrassint erform before they subdued the obstinacy .o The King of Denmark is dangerously iii. The French government have it in contemplation loin educe three bishops into the Chamber of Peers. has a, the el 0!) Council of the Canton of the Valais ha! led on the secularization of all the property a y. and.the religionA orders in the eaQtan 11th, at fiarnburgh, there wer( ur of cold. The Elbe was frozen, k o thickly, that laden waggons were able to pass ROTOIERY OF THE STABLE AT BETHLEHEM. " —The large silver star-sunk in the place supposud to have been the site of the mange: where Christ was b irn, has been stolen. The Latins and Breeks accuse each other of the letter from St. Petersbugh of the 4th ituated at the meeting of the two rivers, tin Lnd the Volga. In order to preserve the grain have to he disemharked and stored until the spring kBD-EL-KADER, together with his suite, have been erred to the military authmities at Toulon. The his mother, his three children, his hrother-in-laa, apna Ben Tchann, and Cid Kaddershitt Mahiddin, .en removed to Fort Lainalgue, and the other ) Fort Malbousquet. transt Emir, /11 .at; hutch on Mount Zinn will be con.errated on n Passion Week, by the Bishop of Jeru-alem. son when the greatest number of tra re in that quarter, no doubt a arcat number o will be present to strengthen the hands of the ter is ti MONKS OF ST. BERNARD.--It was recently stated that of St. Bernard had received some very elm neatment at the heads of the anti-Catholic ir in Switzerland. We are glad-to find the statement ' 'apparently on the authority of the Parts rotatitu- stud ODD part licit lionni genre from Rome states, that the Pope '.1a , 4 laymen from his Cabinet. which to consi.t finals and fi s of the "¢r t of a lay bishops, to administer, mark vat European Relnrmer," the civil principality. The ecclesiastical I its -ystem of Government in the expected frim it. manner that mi i SNAKE AJESTY'S yes a detailed avvount of th► 'set. Commander T. B. Brown. rthique channel on the 29Th of LOSS OF H United States Gazette giv total I It o .e August. The vessel. through stress of weather, was thrown on a coral reef, where she is now lying on h side. It w,ts not attended by any loss of life The King of Prus f the above v I in the Moz In qui-I:fly that, in I clu-ed privile has resolved never to renew any blish public gaming houses, and has large sums oft', red for such patents, so i ins, gambling houses are now open s and Aix la Chapelle, where they will be f the terms for which the existim , anted. le expir CHINA MtastoNs.—The R written to the Missionary Secirtit William Gillespie has here, from Hone- he baptiAm o innese converts them is a rich merchant from Tung-Koon, named ng-Shen ; the other is a bookbitt.r, about 60 years whose name is Kwan-sang. He also adds that ,re several others desirous of admis&ion to Chris- EMIGRATION.—The Government agent at St. John's, N. 8., under date Dee. 29, writes thus to Lieut. Friend, the Government agent at Cork : The emigration to • this province during the past season amounts to 16,251 souls, all from Ireland. The deaths on the voyage were 823; in the Lazaretto, St. John, 601 ; in the Lazaretto, Mira michi, 96; in the Emigrant Hospital, St. John, 595; total offielally reported, 2115. Other deaths not reported will swell the whole number to 2400, or one-seventh or those who embarked. The numbers landed here the last four years are as follows :—ln 1844, 2500 ; 1845, 6000; 1846, 91100; 1847, 15,000." DEATH OF PROFESSOR FINN MAGNUSEN.—The an nouncement of the death of this distinguished Icelander will be received with sorrow by all friends of Northern philology. He was born at Skalholt, in Iceland, in the year 1783. Having shown promise of those attainments for which he was afterwards so deservedly celebrated, he was sent, at an early age, to the University of Copen tagan, where he completed his education, and took the usual degrees. Having turned his attention for a time to the study of the law, he returned to Iceland on his father's death in 1800, and was appointed an advocate in the Supreme Court at Rejkjavik, the capital of the island. In this position he remained with little interruption till the year 1812, when he left Iceland and established him self permanently at Copenhagen, in order that he might devote himself exclusively to Northern literature and science. Professor Finn Magnusen, who, during a visit to England some years back, became acquainted with zuany to whom his memory is still dear, had been in ill health for some months before his decease, which took place at Copenhagen on Christmas-eve. THE DUCHESS OF BORDEAUX.—The Romish clergy, to whom the government of July had made so many ad vances and concessions, have chosen to elevate the preg nancy of the Duchess to the importance of a political event. The following document is now universally dif fused, which we republish at the risk of profanation : " Forty pra era to the Holy Virgin to implore God to perpetuate the race of St. Louis. " 0 Lord, have mercy upon us ! Jesus, listen to us ! Jesus, hear us ! Holy Spirit, have mercy upon us! Holy and faithful Trinity, have mercy upon us! " Holy Mary, mother of Jesus, pray for us! St. Mi chael, St. Denis, St. Remy, St. Louis, patrons and pro tectors of France, pray for us ! . - " St. Anne, pray for her! St. Clotilde, pray for her ! St. Radegonde, pray for her ! St. Bathilde, &c., pray for her ! "By our Lady of Loretto. hear her, 0 Lord ! By our Lady of Liessa, accomplish her desires and complete her joy, 0 Lord ! By our Lady of Paris, realize, 0 Lord, our wishes and her hopes ! " Remember, 0 pious Virgin Mary, your former mercies in favour of France; and, as formerly, cause our prayers to your Divine Son to be crowned with complete success PRAYER TO THE VIRGIN MARY " Holy Virgin. 0 Divine Mary, Mother of our Divine Saviour ! we, full of the recollections of your former good mess, bumply prostrate at your feet, have recourse to your maternal heart in order to implore you to solicit from Jesus Christ, your Son, a mercy on behalf of France, which you have so well loved ; by your fecundity, so agree able to God, induce him to revive the stem of St. Louis. for the honour of His holy name, the glory of religion, tho salvation of France, and the happiness and freedom of the people, and the perpetuity of the reign of our very Chris tian kings. Amen. " Three paters and three ayes r—French Paper IRELAND A large crowd of hungry people broke the windows and tried to enter some bread shops at Kilkenny, on Tuesday. but a troop of soldiers soon dispersed them. An unfortunate woman, whilst suffering from derange ment, murdered her husband whilst asleep, with a hatchet, at Killahara, in Tipperary, on Monday. On Friday week no less than one hundred and two half-starved creatures were committed to gaol at Galway, for stealing turnips, or the like articles of food. On the 13th instant, John Tracey, of Loughmore, dur ing a paroxysm of insanity caused by fever, strangled his wife to death. At Clare Special Commission, two men named Butler and Hourigan have been convicted of the murder of Peter Cleary. They reeeived the announcement of their doom with apparent indifference. The Irish estates of the Duke of Buckingham are to be sold by auction in April next. They are of coasiderable extent, comprising no less than 25,000 - statute acres, and are situate in the counties of Westmeath, Clare, Long ford, and the Queen's County. HORSEWHIPPING.—Mr. Robert Hardy, of Cork , who horsewhipped Captain Banbury. of the 67 th Re giment, for jilting his sister, has been sentenced to be imprisoned for fourteen days, and to pay a fine of £2O for the offence. The punishment is considered excessive, especially by the ladies. ...atter conk. The Court of Queen's Bench have ordered a sum of be disposed of ; whilst now the question might be decided £1,200 to be levied off the county of Antrim, with the in as many weeks. Then, with respect to the paying the present county rate, and to be repaid to the government X5OOO into court, there was no case whatever made out at the Spring Assizes. This sum was expended by the by the pleadings of there being any danger that the money Belfast and Lisburn boards of health during the recent would be lost. If such had been the case, it should have period of destitution and fever. been explicitly alleged ; but, on the contrary, such did The necessary securities have been lodged at the Stamp not appear to he the fact, as the parties were represented °like, Dublin, for the publication, on the Ist of Febru- to be possessed of great wealth. With regard to the costs, ary next, of a new journal to be called The United Irish- the proper course seemed to be, to make them costs in men, and which, it is stated, is to be conducted by some the cause, for then the party who ultimately turned out of the " Young Ireland" party, who recently seceded to be in the right would be paid the costa of those pro from the Nation newspaper. It will, of course, be still ceedinga. Mr. Cairns observed, although it might not more ultra than the Nation. . perhaps alter his lordship's opinion, still he conceived it GENERAL SEARCH FOR ARMS.—By a skilful combina- right to say, that the plaintiff was out of the jurisdiction Lion, a general and nearly simultaneous search for arms of the court. And there was also another important ad has been begun throughout the proclaimed districts of mission in the bill, that the whole of Miss 3laitland's Ireland ; and, although no very great numerical amount fo r t une h a d b een a b sor b e d . I t was no t, ther e fore, unf a i r a weapons was found, still enough has been accomplished I to infer that there was danger of the whole money being t o show that the authorities are in earnest, and that the lost. The Lord Chancellor said, that that must form the Jaw will be put in force. I ground of a special application. Judgment affirma. COUti'l AND FASHION The Queen and Court are at Windsor Castle. Her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the other members of the ft al Family have taken their accustomed exercise in the grounds and precincts of the Castle since our last. The Observer says the Court will remove to Buckingham Palace, for he season. on the 2.1 of February. It is said that the King of Prussia will pay a visit to Queen Victoria io the course of the spring, when the " Shield of Faith," on which the artists are busily en gazed, will he presented to the Prince of Wales. Ir is said that the Duke of Norfolk will have the Garter vavayit by the death of Earl Powis. ACEOTJCHEMENT OF HER MAJESTY.—We understand that. Professor Simp:oti, the discoverer of chlorofora., has received intimation that his services, in conjunction with Dr. L.)cock, her Moj-sty's physician accouctieur, will be r qu red at Buckingham Palace on an approaching in tereding occasion. • Professor Simpson leaves Edinburgh tor London some time next month, in order to he in at tendance on her Majem y.—Edinburph Witness. [This report has beet, contradicted.] FESTIVITIES AT WYNYARI; PARK.—The ancient seat of the Vane and Tempe 4 Families, in Durham, has, during the past week, been the scar- of great bustle and excitement, consequent upon the festivities on the occa sion of the Marchioness of Londonderry's birth-day, which occurred on Monday. A succession of visitors had been rectived dmin,g the several preceding days, when the gentlemen js)ined Lord Seaham in his various shooting excursions through the extensive preserves. avaraararwz..,+owasserwar LADY IN'I'ELLIGENCE. ntlemen have given notice this term of their in )lv to be admitted to tention to a practice as attorneys There are al;) 42 n( THE INSOLVENT otice. for the renewals of certificates ' COURT AND THE COUNTY COURT. Several cases having occurred of persons, against whom the County Courts had made decrees, having applied for the benefit of the Insolvent Act in order to defeat those decrees, Commissioner Harris stated on Saturday that the court would not suffer its jurisdiction to be used to coun teract the County Court. V.. Urnavt> CEPA:WITS amtrigeo their respective circuits as follow :—Home. Lord Den man, Mr. Justice Colcridge.—Midland: Lord Chief Jus tice of the Common Pleas, Mr. Justice Maule.—Nor/olk: Lord Chief Baron, Mr. Justice Coltman.—Norit era: Mr. Baron Alderson, Mr. Baron Rolfe.—Oxford: Mr. Justice Patteson, Mr. Justice Cresswell.—Western: Mr. Justice Wightman.—North Wales: Mr. Justice Erle.— South Wales:* Mr, Justice Williams.—Mr. Baron Parke will remain in town THE SCOTCH CHURCH AT BIRKENHEAD.—THE AT. TORNEY-GENERAL V. GARDNER.—II will be remembered that an information and bill respecting this church came before the Vice-Chancellor, in December last. On Wed nesday, the questions that came before the court to be argued were, whether the information and bill should be dismissed with costs or without costs, and whether the dismissal should be without prejudice to the institution of another suit ? After the case had been fully gone into, his honour said, if the relators and plaintiffs desired it, they might have added to the declaration this, or language to this effect—" that the dismissal be without prejudice to any bill to be hereafter filed by the plaintiffs, not founded on any charitable trust, or charitable title," not without prejudice to any new bill generally. Would the plaintiffs elect to have that addition ? To this a reply in the nega tive was returned. His honour then dealt with the ques tion of costs. Costs were granted to Mr. Pollock and to Mr. Robt. Barbour, and refused to the defendants, Messrs. John Gardner, John Walker, John Barbour, and Walter Walker. As to Mr. Mallaby, he said, the supplemental bill and information must stand dismissed with costs; but he was to get no costs of the other information. THE DRAMA V. LAW.—We learn from the Hull Packet of Friday, that on the preceding day four cases had been heard in the County Court, at Hull, before Wm. Raines, Esq. the judge, in three of which Mr. J. L. Pritchard, the lessee of the York circuit of threatres, was the defendant. The first was brought by Mr. E. W. Gomersal, the comic performer, for the recovery of £2O inflicted by Mr. Pritchard, for Mr. Gomersal's refusal to play Robin in "No song, no supper." In this case the verdict was for Mr. Pritchard, the defendant.—The next was an action, arising out of the same circumstances, brought by Mr. Pritchard against Mr. Gomersal, for the recovery of £2O, alleged damages for the latter refusing to play any longer after Mr. Pritchard's infliction of the fine. In this Mr. Pritchard was nonsuited.—ln the other two cases, Mr. George Jones, chairman of the People's Cen tral Committee of the Shakspere Memorial Fund, was the plaintiff. He claimed, in the first action, the sum of £2 10s., but Mr. Pritchard proved a set off for £2 25., which he had paid for an advertisement which Mr. Jones, through Mr. Pritchard, bad inserted in the Leeds Intel ligencer. His honour awarded Mr. Jones the remaining Ss., which had previously been offered to him by Mr. Pritchard. The next case was brought by Mr. Jones against Mr. Pritchard for the amount which Mr. Jones alleged to be due to the committee of the Shaksperian Fund, from the proceeds of a performance in Leeds for that purpose. The amount for which the action was brought was not stated. In this Mr. Jones was non suited. MAITLAND V. BACKHOUSE.--The Lord Chancellor, on Saturday last, gave judgment in the case of Maitland v. Backhouse. His lordship said, after detailiT; the facts, it appeared manifest to him that Messrs. Backhouse had not made the inquiry into the nature of the transaction which, considering the peculiar situation of Miss Mait land, they were bound to have done, before discounting a note for so large an amount. It appeared that both Mr. Maclean and Messrs. Bolckow and Vaughan were at that time in want of money; for they had tried to raise some on a check, which had been refused. This check was transmitted to London, and forwarded to the Joint Stock Bank, but was not cashed. Now this transaction was, of course, fully capable of explanation, but none such had been offered by any of the defendants, although it was clear that they ought to have given one to the court. Immediately after this the promissory note was offered to Messrs. Backhouse, and the amount carried to Bolckow and Vaughan's account, and then the check was cashed. These circumstances were calculated to arouse attention, and the fullest information ought to have been furnished of the way in which the note reached the hands of the bankers. Without imputing any improper motives to the Messrs. Backhouse, he must say they were bound to have made the strictest inquiry, as there was more than enough in the transactions to raise their suspicions. With respect to the continuing of the injunction, when he was called to the bar, there was reason for the court exercis ing greater caution in interposing its authority, as one, two, or three years might elapse before the matt - V CLERICAL IIiTTELLIGENCE. "There is upwards of £lB,OOO in hand towards founding a bishopric in the Chinese seas. The key. G. S. Bull, as one of the secretaries for ex tending Infant Schools in Birmingham, has received a subscription of £lOO from the Earl of Harrowby. The bells of Chester Cathedral rang merry peals, at in tervals, on Tuesday, to celebrate -the marriage of the 'Rev. Canon Blomfield, brother of the Bishop of London, with Miss Mary Anson, daughter of the Dean of Chester. Sir Fitzroy Kelly and Mr. Baddeley, who are engaged in the suit against Dr. Hampden/were engaged as counsel by Mr. Macmullen in his suit against the Bishop of Here ford previous to Mr. M.'s joining the Church of Rome. "The Archbishop of Canterbury is perfectly recovered from the slight attack of infiuenac. under which he suf fered about ten days since; but awing to the advanced age (eighty-two) of the venerable Prelate, and the variable state of the weather, his Grace's medical attendants con sider it advisable that he should not venture out of doors. The Duke of Manchester, who. some time since gave in his adherence to the National Board of Education, and placed all the schools in his patronage under the board's system, has lately found it necessary to withdraw and place his schools in full connection , mith the Church Edu cation Society. It can be no matter of surprise, ner need it create much alarm, that, encouraged by the interaal•strife and commo- tion going on in the church, the dissenters are preparing fora new and simultaneous assault. ;It is announced that a general resistance to church-rates is to be attempted at the Easter meetings ; preparatory tv.which, lectures are to be given in as many places as possible, by the agents of the Anti-State Church Association. DR. HAMPDEN.—The following counsel have been re tained by the crown to oppose the rule nisi for a manda mus, in the matter of the confirmation of the election of the Bishop of H:•reford. The Attorney-General, Soli citor-General, M.D. Hill, Q.O , Dr. Bayford, Dr. Twiss, and Mr. Waddington. The rule is entitled "The Queen v. the Most Rev. Father in God William Lord Archbishop of Canterbury," and is fixed for Monday. THE REV. RD. SIBTHORP.—This rev. gentleman, .whgse partial conversion to Romanism a few years ago made a great , noise in the world, occasionally takes a por . . tion of the duties at Peter's-in-Eastgate - Church. On Sunday morning the rev; gentleman in question preached an eloquent extempore sermon to a large congregation, from Luke ii. 49, • Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business ?"—Lincolnshire Chronicle. RESTITUTION or TITHES TO THE CP U eaa..H.—A com mittee, consisting of Lord John Manners, Lord Robert Grosvenor, M.P., the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P., Sir Stephen Glynne, Bart., the Dean of Chiches ter, the Rev. R9hert Spranger, D.C.L.. the Rev. R. . . Chandos Pole, and other clergymen and gentlemen, has been formed, for the purpose of restoring the tithes now held by lay impropriators to the exclusive use of the Church. MARTYRDOM OF KING CHARLES.—The observance of this day must be kept this year on Monday, the 31st inst. According to the Rubric: " If this day t•hall happen to be Sunday, that form of prayer shall be used, and the fast kept the next day following." For it is quite evident that the especial service could not be used the day before the fast. All fasts prscide the holy day. Many copies of the prayer book are stopped wrong, the comma being after the word used, whereas there ought to be no comma; and the last editions of the prayer hook have none. CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY.— His Grace the Arch. bishop of York closed his mini-terial labours in his late diocese, by 'preaching on Sunday, the 9th of January, at St. Peter's, Hereford, an impressive sermon on behalf of the above institution. He selected for his text these words of St. Paul. " I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ." In the course of his address, he made a special appeal on behalf of the society, in consequ.nice of the serious deficiency at present existing in its funds. - It was stated by his Grace that the receipts of the society for the nine months. ending December 31st. 1847, were less than its receipts for the corresponding period in the previous year by above £15,000; a deficiency, which if it be not made up, may seriously emharass the society, and perhaps compel it to curtail its operations among the heathen at the very time, when, as his Grace observed, those opera tions are being largely blessed, and when new fields are everywhere presenting themselves, and inviting the society to enter upon them. His Grace alluded in a very gratifying manlier to the prudence, wisdom, and economy with which the affairs of this great society are managed. and concluded an appeal, which was no less successful than earnest, by calling upon all who were "not ashamed of the gospel of Christ," to contribute liberally in helping to make that gospel known to the nations which are sit ting in darkness and in the shadow of death. A large collection was made after the sermon. TRACTARIANISM V. CHURCH AND STATE.—The dream in which they are delighting themselves ju-t now is of this kind. They would like the existing Church of England, with its archbishops, bishops. deans, rectors, cathedrals, and churches, to he left entire and unimpaired ; its en dowments remaining undiminished ; and the legislature and executive withdrawing from all future control over it ! They would then wish to form the aid archbishops, bi , hops, &c., into a great ecelesiastical corporation, with its own synods, convocations, me., and with the most ample powers of self-government. And this splendid dream they actually cherish, as if it were possible for any British Government or Lt gislature to give reality to it ! In these busy times our public men are not likely-to un dertake so difficult and almost endless a task, as the un twisting the innumerable cords by which the state and the church are bound together. Hence, when we hear the exclamation from a Tractarian of `• We must have a (touren anal , a.. dured any longer :" we are always ready to reply— " You may separa e this moment for yourself, by be coming a Dissenter. But as to the bishoprics and the rectories of the Church of England, you may rely upon it that they are not likely to be separated from State connexion for many years to come." Where, however, we hear the same exclamation from a Dis senter, we know that we are upon more real and honest ground, and therefore we have a different answer. To this objector we reply—" When you can, in fete/ as well as in fancy, divide a legislator or a statesman into two men, one under Christian obligations, the other not under Christian obligations, then we shall be able to understand —but not till then—how a Christian ruler can discharge his duties without employing all his functions to establish. promote, and maintain the knowledge o° the gospel, and the pure worship of the only true God."—Record. EPISCOPAL SALARIES.—The revenue of the Bishops far exceeds the amounts which were anticipated by the public. It was imagined, -for example, that Durham was to pay .0,0004 or a salary equal to that of the Chief Jus tice in England. Instead of £B,OOO a-year, net, after all imaginable deductions have been made for rates, taxes, quit rents, collection, agencies, outgoings of every des cription, and we know not what besides. In one year, the gross income was £37,161 165., and in another year, £29,806, 12s. ld. ; whilst the two lowest sums put down for the gross receipts are X 19,577 13s 10d, and £22,4160s 2d. The Archbishop of Canterbury was to have an income of £15,000 a-year, which is all that a Lord Chancellor derives from the great offices which he holds, and which occupy his time both in Chancery, in the House of Lords, and in the Cabinet. The Lord Chancellor holds office only for a few years of Herculean la bour, and retires on a pension of £5,000 a-year. The Primate holds his high office for life, without respect to age, health, or capacity. The Lord Chancellor has no house provided for him and no outgoings defrayed. The Primate has palaces both in London and the country, and the revenue he receives is clear of all outgoings which do not attach to him personally. We speak of the future, for the present Archbishop does not come under this rule, and his income is much larger. The Archbishop of York was to have £lO,OOO a-year besides palaces and pleasure-grounds, and so also was the Bishop of London. A few of the other bishops were to have £B,OOO and £7,000 a-year, which are equal to the incomes of the Chief Justice of England, the Master of the Rolls, the Chid Justice of the Common Pleas, the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. The incomes of the other bishops were to be about the same as those of the other juiges, ranging from £4,200 to £5,000, exclusive of palaces and pleasure-grounds representing at least another £l.OOO a-year.--Recerd. RAILWAY AFFAIRS aC- The works of the Liverpool and Bury railway have been recently re-commenced. The Caledonian Mercury says, that in consequence of some subsiding at one or two points on the Caledonian Railway, the opening of the line has been postponed. The vacancies at the board of the Cheshire Junction Railway Company have been filled up by the appointment of the following gentlemen as directors :—Mr. Jas. Ban. croft and Mr. William Gibb, of Manchester, and Mr. J. H. Rayner, of Liverpool. 1 OPENING Or NEW LINES OF RAILWAY.—The Stain ford and Oakharn line on the 14th Feb ; the Wisbeach and Wallington this week ; the Tiverton branch of the Great Western on the 14th Feb. ; the Wakefield, Ponte fract and Goole on the Ist March ; and the Swansea and Newport next Spring. A daring American projector proposes a electric tele graph from the Atlantic to the Pecific. It is already carried from the Atlantic to St. Louis, in the valley of the Mississippi, whence the distance to the Pacific is 2000 miles, and the estimate is that the line could be formed for 300,000 dollars. _ ATTEMPT TO THROW OFF A TRAIN.—On Sunday, before the arrival of the first train, it was discovered that a rail had been removed near the Moira station, on the Ulster railway, with the evident intention of throwing the train off. The defect was repaired, and the train passed on in safety.—Belfast Whig. w Tti c N or ordshire proprietors received with ap probation the reports and accounts presented at their half-yearly meeting. A dividend of ss. will be paid in July next from the profits of the canal and the part of the line to be opened in March. The works, according to the engineer's statement, are more forward than could have been expected. The North Staffordshire railway directors have pressed forward to completion those parts which were likely to become at once remunerative. The parts soon to be opened are, Stoke to Norton Bridge on the Ist of March ; Stone, to join the Trent Valley at Colwich, by the Ist of May ; also from Stoke by Harecastie to Crew ; and by Uttoxeter to Burton ;—Thus completing a through com munication by the Potteries between Liverpool and Derby by August next. From our official returns it appears that the amount of traffic for the last week, on upwards of 3423 miles of rail way, was £147,391, thus accounted for : £71,453 for the conveyance of passengers only, £37,964 for the . carriage of goods, and a remainder of £37,974 for passengers and goods together, not respectively apportioned ; being an increase of £16.612 over the corresponding week of the former year, when the mileage was 2,680. The average earnings per mile for last, week were .fA3, whilst in 1847 they were £4B, THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.--111 is proposed by Messrs. Brett, of Hanover-square, to establish an international •communication, via" Dover and Calais, by their Printing Electric Telegraph. The English and French Govern ments have conceded grants to the projectors, and it is understood that the French Minister of the Interior, M. Duchatel, expressed an ardent desire for the fulfilment of the undertaking, and liberally promised to give it his cor dial.support. The experiments made with the Printing Electric Telegraph on land have been at a distance of 146 niiles between the points of communication, and are said to•have been performed with -the same rapidity and cer tainty as at a distance of only a few feet. EXPLOSION OF A LOCOMOTIVE.—A most serious acci dent took place a few days ago, at the Carlisle and Mary port railway station by one of the locomotives exploding, -and destroying the greater portion of a building called the engine shed, and injuring two persons. The locomotive was standing underneath the shed preparatory to taking .a.passenger train out. the engine driver and stoker clean ing the machinery at the moment. Both men were much injured, but fortunately not dangerously. The force of the explosion propelled the engine along the line at an enormous speed : had a passenger train been in its way the consequences would have been most disastrous. The directors have since caused an investigation into the acci dent, and have ascertained that the explosion arose through both safety valves being tightly screwed down. The boiler exploded just above the firebox and near the tender. RAILWAY BRIDGE OVER THE FALLS OF NIAGARA.— I have been intensely interested to-day in listening to a description, from a well-informed and competent source, of the great bridge over the gorge that separates the do minions of the Queen from those of the President. Its thousands of tons weight of the strongest iron cord that ingenuity of the iron master can desire find a safe support in wrought iron anchors built in the solid rock, 100 feet below the surface, so that before it could yield, the very rock-bound earth would forsake its tenacity. A large wooden framework is to be placed so that no undulating motion can be experienced. In full sight of the cataract — the surge of angry waters far beneath—the sullen storm beaten rocks all around—the quick locomotive will put forth all its quickness to rush b. yond the peril of its jour ney. This glorious work is already begun, the money for its cost paid in and available, the excavations commenced, and the contractor is to cross on horseback by the middle of next June. Its firmness is to be such that with all the burden of a powerful locomotive and a long attendant train of cars, it is not to vibrate one inch in the centre. The railway is to occupy the centre, two carriageways on either side, and two footways. One of the first thoughts that present' themselves in re ference to the construction is, as to how the wires are to be thrown across. The steam-boat now used below the falls iq to take over two cables, to which strands of iron are affixed. These are to be drawn over till two ropes of iron are drawn over, on which a temporary pathway is to be placed—and when I inquired where workmen could be found who had nerve enough to work effectually under such circumstances, the answer was. " Oh. there are always plenty of Yankees who have 1 railway in Canada which is to be connected with this mighty work presents some admirable features. Its grade is over 20 feet, and a very, very large proportion of the distance is on a straight line. On one line, perfectly straight, 90 miles are laid out. Canada West has yet to see great days. England expends millions on sections of r great dominion far less worthy of her notice and fostering care. "The last link" is comuleted when this areat bridge of the Cataract shall have beer, completed. From Boston and New York an unbroken line is presented, and the day is soon coming when some correspondent of yours will delineate the incidents of a 30 hours' journey from the metropolis to Detroit. Such are the movements and the progresses in support of which all may unite, and whip h mark a bury day.—New Yo4-1c Courier. POLITICAL VARIETIES THE BANK Acrs.—A motion has been carried by an overwhelming majority in the Town-cofincil of Glasgow against the restrictive acts of 1844-45. The contemplated dinner to Lord Morpeth and Mr. Cobden. members for the West Riding, has been post poned until the Easter recess. The Liverpool Courier mentions - a report that the duty on rum is likely to he reduced. at the meeting of parlia ment, to the same rate as the they on British spirits. The elevation of Lord Clive to the peerage causes a va cancy for North Shropshire, and Mr. Dodd of Cloverly, an excellent Protestant, has consented to come forward as a eandidat E A newspaper published in the county represented by Mr. Disraeli in parliament, in manly and unmistakeable terms, informs the hon. gentleman that his new alliance with Baron Rothschild annuls the old alliance formed on well-understood principles with the simple-minded electors of Buck.. The illness of the Earl of Carlisle has caused an elee tio,seering movement in West Yorkshire. In the event of Lord Morpeth's elevation to the peerage, it is said that Mr. Beckett Denison will be again invited to come for ward, hut the free-traders intend to put forward Mr. George Wilton, the chairman of the League. Alas ! " Conservatism" is dead, and tin rival power to Liberalism has yet taken its place. Where is that nume rous and well-orrmised body which gave Sir R. Peel his triumph in 1841 He himself inflicted upon it .two stunning blows, in 1844 and 1845, and now such " Con servatives" as Mr. Cardwell, Mr. Gladstone, Lord George Bentinek, and 'l4lrd John Manners, are completing its demolition.— Record. Pt.--04-ac ~e '- -t irc- r rtention of me as " extremely de.irable, if not inevitable," as " it fills the large gap created by Sir Robert Peel's tariff reforms. sad barely brings the national income to a level with the ordinary rate of expenditure." This tax is now plainly confessed to be intenued "to fill the large pap created by the tariff reforms." The question, then, stares us in the face—" Are these 'reforms' worth the price ?" Some ominous articles have appeared in the daily papers this week about that most odious of imposts, the Income and Property Tax. We infer that a perpetuation and large increase of this tax will form the grand feature of the Whig budget. Its pressure is already almost unen durable. and if an augmentation should be proposed, the people must remember that they owe it to free trade, and Whig incapacity. JEWS IN PARLIAMENT.—It is very generally under stood, that with the exception of the Whig Bishops, those of York, Durham, orwich, Manchester, and others which it is unnecessary to name, the remainder, at least to the number of 16, with the Archbishop of Canterbury at their head, are prepared to discharge their obvious duty to the religion of their country, and to vote against the bill with that large party of Conservative Peers, which collec tively must certainly constitute a majority of the Upper House. THE COLONIES.—It seems now to be generally admit• ted that, between free trade and the Whig policy of en couraging slave-grown sugars, these noble dependencies on the British Crown are ruined. The Times says that we must go back to the old differential duties; the Globe that we must go on, and that the colonies must he es , entially free of the mother country, to deal with other States as they like. Then all will be right, the Globe says ; or otherwise "free trade is a fallacy." Unfortunately," Im peachments " are becoming fallacies too, or these evils would soon be remedied. What right had any minister to make an experiment on a hundred millions of property, in British colonies ? THE LATE MR. COBBKTT ON FREE TRADE.—Of all the stupid things that ever were engendered in the minds of callow and purblind politicians, the free trade project is the most stupid.—Register, Jan. 13, 1827. Of the free trade project I have always been an enemy ; it is an absurdity in itself. Other nations have taken advantage of our folly, and are all gaining by our loss.—Register, Aug. 8, 1832. A free trade in corn, if it had been adopted, would at this hour, have made the land desolate.—Reegis ter, Sept. 12, 1829. If there were no corn laws, the land owners and farmers of England would be totally ruined, and the arable land would be covered with docks, and thistles instead of corn.—Register, Aug. 8, 1800. Tax NAVIGATION LAws,—Mr. G. F. Young, the great owner of shipping, has published a letter, in which he expresses his conviction that if the present navigation laws be repealed, it will be impossible in a case of emer gency to man the fleet :—" If legislating (says Mr. Young) on the crude universally condemned opinion of Sir James Stirling you repeal the navigation laws, and the decay of the British mercantile marine should follow (as follow it will as assuredly as night succeeds the day)—then, when it is found impossible to procure hardy seamen to man our ships of war, while hostile fleets scour the very oceans that wash our shores—then, when millions have been expended in guarding the coasts of Kent and Sussex, and London is deemed secure, and Portsmouth and Chatham pro tected from insult—what, Task, is to prevent a force from being landed at Liverpool or in the Clyde, and spreading desolation in the hives of industry that swarm in Man chester and Rochdale, and Blackburn, and Glasgow, and Paisley, and re-embarking before opposition would be pos sible or retreat be intercepted ? Here would be no ques tion of keeping open communications with France—none of draught of water for vessels—none of any of the diffi culties on which reliance is placed for averting the dan gers pointed out by the duke. England, harrassed, in. stilted, plundered, devastated, would then seem to have retrograded to the time of the Danes." THE WEST INDIA INTEREST.—On the re-assembling of Parliament, the distressing case of the West India in terest will be urged upon the consideration of the Legis lature. We are glad to find our fellow-citizens, the pro ducers of our invaluable colonies, are not to walk the plank without a struggle, even though pushed forward to ruin by Cobden and his band. Parliament will now have a km* peniteatise afforded it. It may make something like compensation to the injured, as a proof of repentance all but too late. The " great soul" of the nation has a res ponsibility as well as a single individual; it is bound to the same measures of justice—bound to make the same reparation, when justice has been violated. We would ask any candid reasoner, if ever men were treated like the parties under notice by any high-minded and honourable community. It was no ordinary case of wrong which led such papers as the Times and Spectator to express the language of commiseration and sympathy in this case. Of Cobden we despair—he would be acting out of character in uttering a sentence in favour of any claims which seemed to run counter to the triumph of his own heartless theory ; but we trust that there are others of his school who will not look unmoved on the spoliation and injury inflicted upon a valuable body of British citizens, :rho helplessly implore bat justice at the hands of the country. The man of humanity, be his political party what it may, ought to remember that, with the prosperity ( alas ! how unsuitable the word here ) or rather, we ought to say, the industrial existence of the West India interest, is involved the anti-slavery cause, so far as we are concerned. De press the West India planters, who carry on their business byfree labour, and the inevitable consequence is to sti mulate the detestable trade in slaves, and to enrich the employers of the savages by whom it is carried on. 'The question now is between the Brazilian slave trapper and • the West India agriculturist, with free citizens as his la bourers. Can any generous British citizen hesitate in making a choice between two sudh competitors ? On the Our readers will have perceived that the Admirsitl, representatives of Scotland we press. urgently press, the distinguishing lights on board all steam,vessels, Von have recently decided on enforcing a uniform system e` claims of the West India interest. Nor let us forget, in without raising the question as to the superiority of t"' this their hour of depression and suffering, how much, in particular system which they —no doubt after fall s , lid time past, Scotland benelitted by their dealings —not only anxious consideration—in the first place adopted on boar ( ' Glasgow, but other places also, and indeed the whole trade of the country.—Edinburgh Post. their own steam-vessels, then " recommended" to other!' and now have determined "to enforce"—waiving ti ) ' ' TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD J lIN RUSSELL : quest i on, the main object, uniformity, being gained,---3 MY LoRD,-:—The course you have pursued respecting your p ractical men must se e , th a t i n or d er to ren d er the mo ve bill for the admission of unconverted Jews into Parliamert ment complete, it is absolutely necessary that sailing vol.!' is clearly an appeal to the cou n try to say ay or n a y. A s sels should a l so b e " recommended " or " enforced " r " a member, therefore, cf the community appealed to, I adopt some similar system of night signals. dare not refrain from the expression of my sentiments on Without the rule is extended to sailing vessels (at least the subject, involving as it does so immediately, the honour in the Channel), the object contemplated—namely, "to of my " Lord and my God." obviate such disasters as have become so frequent, i nv olv The question resolves itself into this--Is it for the ing both loss of life and destruction to valuable pro hed. er* honour of our " Lord and S a viour Jesus Christ" th a t caused by co lli s i on a t sea ,"— w i ll not be acco m pl i those who deny Him should he admitted as members int o A plain sy s t em o f li g h ts s h ould b e enforced, by , wh i c h what has been for ages a Ch r isti a n gov e rnment ? one v esse l, approaching another mi g ht k now th e re l a tice I answer, decidedly not. course of eac h ; th a t t h ey may act accordingly and avo id I will not yield to arty man in kindly feeling to the collision. L e t us suppose , f or example, a steamer i n $ Jews. I never, or scarcely ever, see one without th e dark ni g ht, th e " l oo k -out " (i n the steamer) reports 0 thought arising — there is one "of God's witnesses" —o ne sail ri g ht a -h ea d ? — a c l ear l i ght i s, or may be, shown 1)1 of a people to whom " were committed the oracles of the sailin g vesse l— so f ar we ll ; b ut the night being yell God." But whilst unconverted, surely it would be dis- dark, thos e on b oar d t h e steamer cannot see what . tack honouring " the Saviour" to admit them into the gr ea t she m a y b e on ," an d t h us are perfectly ignorant 'whether _ _ council of a Christian state. they are stee r i ng -di rec tly t owar d s h er (vac-- h , hoes' SIGNAL LIGHTS ON VESSELS. JBB her . , Would they admit a Christian into their's ? would th e y ther e i s no t a moment to lose, and in this do u bt th e w hee l not rather suffer death than be guilty of such a dereliction is put the wrong way, and—a collision is the consequence; of principle? No part of the sin, however (insignificant The captains of our coasting steamers, many a ti m e awl as I am) shall attach to me. I wash my hands of the oft, have bee n i n this predicament, and in some trades , guilt, as Pontius Pilate did. scarcely make a voyage without a " narrow escape," under With regard to another matter lately brought before the similar circumstances. public—that of our national defences—l would say, if we I But to come to the point, how is this to be remedieti would only be firm to the principles of 1688, and in some practically? We should say in this way; let all sailitif other respects draw ution the wisdom of our ancestors, vessels be compelled, under a penalty, to be provided will , very few stone defences would he required ; but when we a lantern fitted with green and red glass, and which, b' see the bulwarks of our Constitution abandoned, one after means of a shifting slide, or blind, can be altered to shoo another, and all interests sacrificed to th e fund-lord, t h e either colour (in an instant)—the green to be shown 1 0 money-lord, and the cotton-lord, no wonder if some peo- any vessel approaching, and on the side where danger pre; ple begin to think that they have very little to tight for, sews itself,—when on the starboard tack ; and the red and that England might as well he a provinc e o f F rance when on th e l ar b oar d ; not hi ng can b e more simple ; cd! or a federal state with America. Ido myself altno-t fear one lantern is necessary, and no shifting of glasses (whicb, there is scarcely enough of the Constit ut i on l e ft t o na il are fi xe d, th e t i n slide obscuring the one not in use), and our colours O. There is the Throne, certainly ; but is such a lamp could be got for 10s., so that the smallest that a steadfast, or a mere rocking chair ? There is more coasting smack may have no excuse on the score of ek mischief to be apprehended from secret ;nd avowed pence. A model, we believe, is now preparing for the Ad' enemies, of the constitution, within the United Kingdom miralty, and will probably be submitted to the Ship' of Great Britain and Ireland, than from any foreign fix. owners' Association of this town. Your Lordship's most obedient servant, When at anchor, all vessels, without distinction, should ALLEN ENGLAND FOWLER. exhibit a common bright light, this rule applying to steam- Birkenhead, 20th January, 1848. ers and sailing vessels alike, of course. We are quite aware that obstacles are always thrown in the way of anything new, although the desirableness of l the contemplated coliject is con ce d e d. S ome masters of t• vessels might. be satisfied if all sailing vessels were Com pelled to exhibit even a common white light at sea ; but why should not that light which announces a vessel, a t the same time announce the course she may be steering, w hen so simply, and without any extra trouble? FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL SUMMARY the health of Lotiis Philippe. Prices of the national securities have however closed firmly, and, although a There inny be petty objections, every one of which, WC doubt nor, can easily be met, It is evident, hov take lis matter in hand ; and if our information be correct, it is now under the consideration of their lordships. They have the power—let them exercise it; and those who are slow to move of themselves, will yet have cause to thank the executive. Meantime, and while it is y e t ti me, wou ld ;• n ate - • - It not ne welt for the Shipowners' Association of this port to take this important subject into their immediate con sideration ? BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTORY, BY business has not been done, the - market for railway lye 110 We ha .14:iiglish failures of ...nment to notice, although we regret to see the Gazette unusually prolific in announcements of the bankruptey of tradesmen awl mercantile firms of the middle description in extent of business. We have to observe, however, the failure of a large house in St. Petersburg—Mr J. C. Plitt. a German merchant—whose liabilities art- s►ated at 2,000,000 silver business a ic.u.e was principally that of an importer of goods from Germany, England, and elsewhere ; and the loss is expected to fall heavily upon Frankfort, and to be felt to some extent in Manche ter and t lsewhere. The following is the condition of the Bank of England, as compared with the last week's return : Public deposits .... £4.134.680 I)ecrease, Other deposits .... 10 676 188 Decrease, £1.079.328 182.098 35,818 lui•rea , e, 3,720.447 Rest On the other side of the aeoaint Gov'ment securities £ll 2!)3.353 Increase, Other securities .. 15 254.936 Decrease, £2IOMOO 1.(91.022 Notes unemployA 7.152,400 Decrease, 162 985 The amount of notes in circulation is £ 1 9, 0 94.600, ing an increase of £533.215: and the stock of bullion in both departments is £l2 823,602, showing an increase of £245,241, when comp-,red wi‘h the preceding return. It was anticipated on Thursday that a reduction in the rite of interest w iuld be determined upon. The directors, h virever, separated without having adopted such a sten. improvement, which is perhaps the more cheering because it is slight. and merchants generally appear to have made up their minds to expect nothing beyond a gradual pro gress towards active operations for some months to come. The market for colonial and foreign produce has been - very active. We quote from the circul ar o f M essrs. B lac k and Baxter:—We have experienced a largely increased and public sale, at prices fully Is. per cwt. over those of our last. The public sales comprised about, 800 bags Crystalised Bengal slightly damaged, for which 50s. to 545, per cwt. was readily obtained. In Molasses the transactions are.also much heavier, the sales extending to ►nore than 600 puns., of Cuba at 15s. and of AntigutZ at IBs. per cwt. For Refined Sugars we have still a steady deman►t ; Crushed of fine quality is not so much wanted hut middling descriptions being in very scanty su•iply and much in lemand, better prices have been obtained ; par cels of the latter sort now on the way are likely to bring further improved rates. We have no change to notice in Syriin. With a ctpalle consomntinn and_ of Treacle, the market has been firm within the last two day., at our top quotation of 18s. per cwt. for good Scotch. A fair business has taken place in Coffee at about former rates. In Rice there has been scarcely so much business passing, but prices are without change. A large business has been done in Palm Oil at an improvement of 50s. to 60s. per ton, and some sales are reported at still higher rates for future delivery. Tallow being still scarce, our full quotations are freely made. No change in Guano._ Tne same features lave been noticed in the London Market. The sales of Sugar for the week ended on Fri day, last were 31921ihd5., the market closing firmly at Is. per hhd. dearer than in the preceding week. Mauritius Sugar was quoted 375. 6d. to 38s. 6d. per cwt. for mid dling grey and yellow ; Bengal, good middling to fine white 435. 6d. to 475. 6d. per cwt. ; Madras, low brown to middling yellow 27s to 355. per cwt. Coffee was selling at full previous rates. _ . The Cotton market during the early part of the week was rather lively, being acted upon by accounts per last mail from New York, giving less favourable reports of the Cotton Crop, which is not now estimated to yield more than 2,200,000 bales. Prices were accordingly advanced Id. per lb. ; but have not been sustained in the face of the depressed condition of the Manchester goads market. The sales of the week have been 28,710 bales, of which 100 have been taken for export, and 100 on speculation. Prices close a shade lower than at the end of last week. gloomy,c a eo nd un h t o s l f d ro o m ut t n h o e pmroaanpuefnatctoufrienagridyistricts are very the past week being referred to as the wo i r m st Pr ; v er ex e p n e t . ' rienced. The Manchester Guardian says — " There has been very little detr aid either for goods or yarn , and prices, especially of the latter, have given way more deci. dedly than heretofore. We have heard of sales of mule yarn (India qualities) at 74d. per lb. for 40 's , and Bid. fo r 50's ; rates decidedly lower than have been known before in the history of the cotton trade, and at which spinners must sustain losses to which they cannot long continue to submit." _ . - is no extensive ke T ts h f e or sa Principal mar demand for goods from any quarter, most of the conti nental markets being nearly paralysed by the recent fail ; e feature s are a a n r u e f o act bse ur r e v s a . ble T i h n ere the fail ures, and shipments to America not being on so extensive a scale as previously. Short time is again being resorted to by the manufacturers ; and in some places a reduction of wages is being enforced. In every respect the pros pects of our manufacturing classes, both employers and operatives, are most deplorable. In such a period as the present, rumour is very busy with people's names ; and we, therefore, make a practice not to repeat what reaches us, except upon undeniable authority. This week remarks have been treely circulated affecting the credit of a large East India house in London, which was said to have applied to the Bank of England for an advance. We learn that the firm referred to, Messrs. Magniac, Jardine, and Co., have been assisted by their friends, and will wind up. The Corn markets are in a drooping condition, and prices of Wheat may be quoted generally 3d. to 4d. per bushel lower than last week. At a meeting of the coal trade, held at Stourbridge last week, it was unanimously agreed that a reduction of Is. per ton upon coal, and 6d. upon all slack, which remains as before, should take place from the Ist of January, 1848. This looks as if there were heavy stocks on hand, or that the strike was considered not likely to be of long continuance. The writer of the city article of the Morning Post of Friday, remarks, and with justice, that " the simulta neous departure for Rio of a war steamer from France, with the Prince de Joinville on board, and of an English , vessel of the same class, the Hydra. from Plymouth, looks as if the two governments, Anglo-France, were really determined to put an end to the petty warfare in the river Plate, where things have become more complicated than ever, from the French commodore having taken possession of several vessels under the Brazilian and other flags, which had discharged their cargoes in the Argentine ports without having first called and paid toll at Monte Video. In consequence of this measure, Roses has interdicted the landing of any foreign goods, produce, or merchandise, in the ports under his jurisdiction, coming from Monte Video . The trade on the river is, therefore, in a most disorganised and dilapidated state." The Hydra, English war steamer, has not yet departed ; and, as it is announced that the Admiralty have ordered her detention for a few days, an opportunity presents itself for forwarding late correspon deuce, &c., to Rio and the River Plate. A correspondent of La Presse, writing fro m Turin, under the date of the 13th, affirms that a treaty offensive and defensive has been concluded between A ustria, Mo dena, and Parma, of which one of the con ditions is t he i establishment of a customs union similar to the Zollver ein. The causes of the recent Frankfort failures are ex plained in the Times of Wednesday. : The origin of these disasters, it is said, is to be found in the great extension given to manufacturing operations some years back i n Badee, as a consequence of policy adope x l by the Zollverein. The Swordfish arrived at Liverpool on Tuesday, w ith dollars, for common assortments ; There is not any particular the protect ive intelligence to communicate. By dates to the 20th of Decembetrh, the accounts, the supply.of suer of the new crop, in bags, increases daily. The f)ric e s of whites, in bags, opened at Muscovadoes at 17e0 dole. to 1700 dols. Exchange had advanced to 28d., at which it was firm, 2280 dols., to 2300 •ern. and would, no doubt, have gone higher, but, owing to the accounts from England it has reached to 274 d, to 27d., dosing at the latter rate. The Seraphina arrived on Sunday, with three cloys later awe, but commercial Aire were not alterod. MACHINERY One of the most- singular examples of the successful adaptation of machinery to supersede the labours of the' artizan, is now in full operation at the large boot and shoe establishment of Mr. Cartmell, in Pitt-street, and bide fair t ) render, at no distant date, the ancient " trade and occupation of a cordwainer" as obsolete as the spinning wheel or the hand-loom. By the kindness of the "[cro p ier or we have been permitted to go through the factory, arid shall endeavour to describe to our readers the various processes and machinery used, and the descriptio'n bf articles produced. In the first room we find the last-manufactory, in which. is a very lasts, prepared and in ennnze o preparation to nt rue teet of cugomers who may wish to' have their own, or to form the sizes uQually made for the wholesale trade, We next come to the sole-room, con• taining an ample stock of the necessa7 sizes, rcady cut and sorted for the subsequent processes. We pass on to, the next room, in which is the curious machinery above referred to. By the first. which consists of a roller, to •hich is attached, in a very compact form, a lever power,, ' by being passed under the roller Le is first pressee once or twice, whilst the operator, by placing his foot 0 11 a treddle, applies to the leather a weight ofabout two a nd a half tons. It is next passed under another roller, to which is attached a table and a knife, 13: which, as the sole passes under the strong pressure applied, the inside part of the leather, containing the ragged skin left on the hide when taken off the carcase, is taken off with wonder ful precision, coming away in one thin shaving. The sole is then passed again once or twice lengthways under the first roller, and the heavy pressure applied. It is next, pressed sideways under the roller, and thus bedded per fectly and made ready to receive the upper L ather. whole of these processes are ant the work of a couple L o l u re s iy h t a n n e on -- o e nt rit -m ig with the knife, and uttupeonirthPeakir7 stone. By the imtnense pressure applied the leather 0, made as hard as the hardest wood, the pores cumplet , .ll closed up, and the air and moisture expelled. By the next machine, which is most ingenious in con struction, but simple as can be in operation, the front upper leather being first -placed upon a thin iron, shaped like a nian's leg, is drawn betw, en two plates lightly screwed together, and thus stretched sufficiently to be at once placed upon the tree. This is the work of barely a minute, all the stretching with plyers and tacking wi th nails, used in the ordinary method, being rendered unne cessary. the fitty hands emp i employed the o n shoemaker, the o premises. f whom' p The various portions of the boot or sho e , th us prepar ed. to first stretched over t h e last ; and the s id e upper then er comelaeraet ab out i s r having been then tacked to the bottom of the last over or inner sole. it is pegged to that sole by a row or two of wooden pegs. Herein, and in the next stage, consist the peculiarity of the principle. It will be observed that there is no welt used and no stitching required. The upper leather is now pegged down over the inner sole, and LP outer sole put on ; an 1 this is again pegged down, tl upper leathers being thus held fast between the ou ter and the inner soles. Mr. Cartmell guarantees that these can never separate, by the pegs becoming loose, or other wise. Indeed so compressed are the boles in the first instance, that their tightness holds the wooden pegs as fast as if in a vice. Boots or shoes made on this principle sre not liable to burst at the sides, which is generally the fault of the welt; and there is no stitching to spoil their appearance when partially worn. Wooden pegs. moreover, do not corrode the leather, as is the case with iron ones. The articles are finished, according to their description, in the very first style of workmanship; and the principle is equally applicable to the lady's or the gentlemans fash inable boot or shoe as to the navigator's blucher or high low. A large stock of every description is kept in the sale shop, and are well worthy of inspection. The prices we need not say are lower than usual ; but Mr. CI seeks rather a character for good atorkm:n and dura bility in wear than for cheapness of price. The machinery and the principle upon which the mann facture is conducted are of American invention, and peg ged boots and shoes have been in almost universal wear in that country for the last fifty years. Some of the sam ples, however, hitherto imported into this country, have been of inferior quality, and very rude in finish. Should the articles now produced prove as durable in wear as we believe they will do, the invention threatens to work a. complete a revolution among the sons of Saint Crispin 0 the gutta percha sole is working amongst the poor cob blers. The sounds of the lapstone and the hammer will no longer be borne on the morning air, and the strap mai be laid up in ordinary, and cease to be a ready instru ment of offence and a terror to shrewish cobbler's dame , and unruly urchins. I MANUFACTURING TOWN IN LANCASHIRE.—The die gontaslyteone bedroom. But whe el ' trict, you see, is not very inviting; the streets are narrosif and a heavy smoke hangs over the place to-day. The doors of the houses are, for - the most part, wide open i some, you observe, have an apparance of cleanliness se& comfort within, others are dirty in the extreme. Up those from that are sprawling sheet courts and alleys that run out of the main street, we will not venture. The atmosphere will not suit your well-lose, may revolt at the idea es unrestrained nature. They grow up, nobody yo u rs elf, though they are now left more to the liber1 they bad a like origin with adnt family hooesatrisli streets ret s h , eeuats these d e?cih y z o ihl : dt rrehnapvsr presumdelica tee leMnowthaefirt'isn gatwshtoreeatreen they push themselves upward through the dirt, like so many asparagus plants. Look at those grrk of seven or eight years old carrying about their infant bro.' them or sisters, who knows training h e o f w ; are almost as large as themselves Ask them what they are doing. " Nossing aloud" (nurs ing the child), is the answer. " Holloa! my littletillt what are you about ?" Down she has fallen, child toe s f O re de th m e u s re e all. No matter, she picks up the bits and away she runs codn. are going to make their " cortsies" to " the minister, after having done which they will run away and laugh, as' if they had ' performed some wonderful feat. Now, whet end." u g W u h p a t on earth (An those women be after at the street corner r ! They arc engaged in very earnest conversation ; somethielf important must have occurred to draw them from home yiyorginicbielx-, before twelve o'clock in the day ? Ordinarily a small mat' ter, or no matter at all, will bring them out for a discus- . Sion at any given hour : but now an important event en' gages them. Peggy Jenkinson has had twins, " a lad aye a lass, fine childer, uncommon, and as like their father beans is beans." Peggy has done the state some service' it is the second time that this duplicate visitation has be fallen,, her. That fat, vivacious woman there in the che ck bed-gown and linscy-wolsey petticoat, is launching cse^ into a narrative about one of her own confinements, wbee she expected twins as a dead certainty, but only the phe' nomenon, Billy, almost as big as two, put in his appear ance. 'Then, after you have noticed the three or fot!r band-loom wea vers, who are loitering about with tlief hands in their pockets, and the man with the donkey-oar' who is crying mussels, and cockles, and red herrings, 1 0 r sale i • and the ragged trader with th e whe e lba rro w, vihs exchanges salt for antiquated linen, or carries on the ee, - , spectable barter (as it is termed) of " weight for weight you have seen a fair specimen of the out-door it. a . manniseturing .district.---P `a Magazine, Jai Thee rhotnp , The 1 for this Axtraorl The meeting There N Ong stocks I stocks new on We the Jot St. Ge( his fall A. re bankir discos of the has be The major' moval memb bons I Hr man, and pi a mile Who r monel UNI evonitl Genc; San that a ral Pr( Societ ILITERPOOL STANDARD. Jan. 25, NA Esq., Blue pounc seriou unoth and I street 11in ladi; This vanta Ways to Edw— of 11 arc t this the I miq,4 Last Pave so to eats, mom the I even day 1 the k a joi Fraz fir 14 rec 3nry Vet( Croy kee l; of tt tlao rot T Sam TA ►erp l Thur tweni rep os Irelai (r. kyiit • Ti t tor t ', One ti t i a t • Pat tie s , bode