The Sun. — London, England, 1857-01-08 00:00:00

I I ... :~ ~~~~t~ ~~~ - Th / - ;./ I THE PUNJAUB RAILWAY COMPANY.— From Mooltan to Lahore and Uniritsir, being an Extension of the Scinde Railway, and now under survey, with the sanction of the Hon. East India Company. Offices— Gresham House, Old Broad-street. To be incorporated by Act of Parliament. Capital, 2,500,0001., in 125,000 shares of 201. each (with power to increase). Two-fifths of the shares to be allotted to the shareholders in the Scinde Railway C mpany, in the proportion of two shares in the Punjaub Railway Com pany for every one share in the Scinde Railway Company. The directors have every expectation, on the completion of the survey, of obtaining from the Hon. East India Company the same terms and conditions as those granted to the Scinde lilway Company. Deposit, 2s. per share. . , ~ ... 4• . ..r,g, " ti !‘i ',.„1,41:2- , ; 4 ' ', G - . 4 •1 , . eau -It . -"At ' 4 7756' 7„............................ . . 4#7, ~' ~,,,:4 :3F- - -, . ..„•it•llvii, .;;Vilk 7- , ~. - _, Y...,.*11;; -----___----- nit+ , ._...., I 6 % ...‘ , -. 24, .0, 4 . 14I j 2. ' AI 1 lib r--"/---: ' rY . 4-1 -1 .7. ,6. ' "4: s i „,* v* --=::0,::, m' 4112.76 't:T5 .1 r -.'\‘, ~ .4 = - -, /f , ciii,, , ,,‘4,/ , %.....-ki. g..,,,,,,, i!7,,,n— , , 0 z. ' •":"'i by those who advocated the suhotitution that the con vict iuri L .;,r ,:;- Li., I suffered to a wrist r sxt nt p. , nallv than cluimg pfrriod of seven yea, fi spent in exile ; but this, to toy mind, is a very narrow view of the question. In the case of seven years' transportation the convict is taken away from his family and his connexions, and the result has most frequently been that he never returned to thein again. Then seven years is a ninch longer period in a man's life than four years, and the former is spent far . away from friends and connexions, while the latter is served in this c oun t ry , an d at the end of the sentence the, convict can rejoin his friends. I have a strong opinion that the code as at present existing is inadequate and an-mited to the Ivquirements of jostle, • n xin nal terms of punishment ought to be greater than they now are in order to inspire the pris , iner with a wholesome dread, which is the great obj.ct of all punish ments. The question at issue is really wlo-ther our great erivainWs shall be discharged at home. The whole theory and practice of our criminal law must have a thorough revision with the view to their speedy alters • tion." N O . 20,142.) LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 8, 1857. [PRICE 4D. STAMPED 515% CITAIRMAN. V. P. ANDREW, Esq., 26, Montague-square (Chairman of the Scinde Railway Company). PUBLICATIONS. LONDON and NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. —TO RAILWAY CONTRACTORi AND 0"I'llETh-A.—The Directors are desirous of receiving Tenders for Widening the Railway between Primro,e-hill Tunnel and Willesden Station. so ai to reduce by their combined influences the great number of recommittals. The SECOND PART is now ready, price 10s. Gd , of A contiuuanca in a career of petty crime leading t more s , :rious results is eric wraged by not giving the iullest effect of which they are capable to sentences of imprisonment. BURKE'S HISTORY of the LANDED GEN FRY of ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND. To bo completed in a single volume, uniform with " The Peerage," divided into 4 Parts, price 10s. Gd. each. Hurst and rilAckett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Parties desirous of tendering may inspect the drawings and spe cifications, and obtain a statement of the quantities, at the Engi neers Office, Euston Station, ou Monday, January 19, between the tiours of 10 and 4 o'c ock. Seated Tenders, addressed to the Secretary, at this Office, to be sent in on or before Wednesday, 28th January, at 10 o'clock a.m. DIRECTORS. eir HERBERT MADDOCK, M.P. (late Deputy-Governor of Ben gal, Director of the Scinde Railway Company). 3. EDMUND ANDERDON, Esq. (Director of the Bank of London and Scinde Railway Company). /LARRY BORRADAILE, Esq. (late Bombay Civil Service, Director of the Scinde Railway Company). THOMAS Wuzums, Esq., Grove•end road, Regent's-park (Di rector of the Scinde Railway Company). Engineer—T. A. Yarrow, Esq., C. E. (Engineer to the Scinde Railway Company). Bankers—Messrs Smith, Payne, and Co. Solicitors—Messrs. Marten Thomas and Hollams. Superintending Engineer in the Punjaub —W. Brunton, Esq., C. E. Agent in India —J. Neville Warren, Esq. (Agent to the Scinde Railway Company). Secretary—Thomas Burnell, Esq. _ _ This company is established to introduce Railways into the Punjaub, commencing at Mooltan, and proceeding to Lahore and Umritsir. The line will be about 230 miles in length, and will be con nected with the_Scinde Railway by an improved system of Steam Navigation between Hyderabad, the upper terminus of the Scinde Railway and Mooltan, and will place Lahore, Uraritsir, and other important towns in communication with Kurrachee, the natural port of Scinde, the Punjaub, and lasighbouring territories. " Lahore, situated on the Ravee, is the capital of the Pun jaub and the seat of its political administration. The town is very extensive, and carries on a brisk internal trade. The civil station of Anarkullee, and the large military station of Ifeean Meer, are likewise attached to it. Umritsir, the commercial capital of the Punjaub, distant 3f miles, is at least equal, if not superior, to De hi, in population and Wealth. The intervening country is level, and without even a nullah 'of any size, and an intercourse of so great an extent is maintained between them that the road is literally thronged day and night with every description of wheeled vehicle, horses, camels, &c., and foot passengers; i n s h or t , more resembling th e s t ree t of a town than a mere communica tion between two cities so far apart. Umritsir is the grand entrepot for the commerce of the cis-Sutlej States—the rich and mountainous region eastward to Kote Kangra—the horses, fruits, and woollens of Cabul and Bokhara, the shawls and other produce of Cashmere, Yarkhand, and the mountainous country towards the north-east—in fact, of the whole Pun jaub and the countries encircling it, are here concentrated. Mooltan is a large town and military station on the Sutlej or Ghara, so termed after its conjunction with the Beas. It is quickly becoming an important emporium, for it is the con necting link to the trade of Northern with South-Western India. or rather Bombay and Europe. Kurrachee, situated at the mouth of the Indus, is fast advancing into prosperity and into notice as a seaport ; it will probably soon be known as the first in the empire, being superior to Calcuttit, Madras, or oven Bombay-"—Calcutta Englishman. Sir Justin Sheil, late British Ambassador in Persia, has re cently advocated the great political advantages t i be derived "from a railway running the whole length of the left bank of the Indus." For commercial and social as well as state purposes, the improvement of the transit along this ancient line of commu nication has become a necessity. The local authorities, especially Mr. Bartle Frere, the Com missioner in Scinde, and Sir. John Lawrence, the Chief Com missioner in the Punjaub, concur in the necessity of affording to the provinces drained by the Indus and its tributaries a free access to their port of shipment. The latter of these dis tinguished gentlemen, in a recent despatch to the Govern. ment of India, makes the following forcible remarks : " Indeed, these two essentials, viz , the railroad and the steamers, may be said with truth to be the crying wants of the Punjaub in the di partment of public works. These pro. sided, the commerce and produce of those territories will be turned to their due course, viz., the Indus and its feed ers, and to their natural outlet, viz., the port of Kurra chee." " For the railroad the face of the Doab offers an unusual equality of surface. The Chief Commissioner, while depre cating any general extension of the public works department in the Punjaub fortho present, would yet beg most earnestly to press these cardinal objects on the attention of the Go vernment. He believes that, if carried out, they would effect more for the development of the resources of those territories than any ether work, or number of works, that could be devised." A railway from Mooltan to Lahore and Umritsir wouldnot only afford an outlet to the impeded traffic of the Punjaub and neighbouring territories, but would of necessity greatly enhance the importance and value of the line from Kurrachee to Hyderabad. Scinde and the Punjaub (including the States under control), cover an area of 1311,000 square miles, with a population of nearly twenty-five minions. The flower of the European and native army occupies these provinces, and numbers 70,000 men, more than 15,000 of whom are Euro peans. - The Directors having received official information that the views long entertained by them, as to the best mode of in troducing improved means of transit along the line of the In dus, has been approved by the local authorities, and permis sion having been obtained from the Honourable East India Company, for making the necessary surveys of the country between Mooltan, Lahore, and Umritsir, a superintending engineer of ability and experience, with a carefully selected staff of six engineers, left England for India on the 4th of Sep telaber last. Such deed as the Directors may consider proper for the regulation of the Company, and for carrying out the objects in view, will be prepared ; and if any Shareholder should fail to execute the same, for one month after the publication at a notice in the Times newspaper, calling on the Propietors so to do, his Shares, with the deposit paid thereon, will be come forfeited to the use of the Company, FORM OF APPLICATION FOR SNARES, To the Directors of the Punjaub Railwa;Company. I request you will allot to me shares in the capital of the above-named Company, and I hereby engage to accept the same or any less number, on the terms of the Pros pectus, and to pay the amount thereof, and sign the deed of settlement as and when required by the Directors, and subject to their rules and regulations Name (in full) Occupation Address and date Referee NOT]CR OF REMOVAL. BRITISH NATION LIFE ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION.—The Business of this Association is row onducted at the New Offices of the Association, 291, REGENT STREET (near the Polytechnic Institution), where it is recitteste 1 all ecmmunleations may be addressed. HENRY LAKE, Manager and Secretary Clder Offices,'29l, Regent street, London. W., January 7th, 1857. CHRISTMAS PRESENTS. THE exuberance of th e f ee li ngs, amid scenes of gaiety, induces the fair an d youthful to shine to advantage under the gaze of many friends, and therefore to devote especial attention to the duties of the toilet. It is at this festive season that ROWLANDS' MACASSAR OIL, For creating and sustaining a luxuriant head of hair; ROWLANDS' KALYDOR, For rendering the skin soft, fair, and blooming ; and ROWLANDS' ODONTO, or Pearl Dentifrice, Fcr imparting a pearl-like whiteness to the teeth, are called into in era sed requisition, to the attainment of those personal advantages so notversally sought for and admired. Bc ware of spurious imitations ! ! The only genuine of each bears the r cme of "Rowlands" preceding that of the article on the wrapper or la. el. Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, Hatton-garden, London, and t v Chemists and Perfhmers. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road. Th Patron—The QUEEN.—Founded 1828. tom en e sick poor are admitt e d on t h e i r own application alone; no re dation is re qu i red. Of this During the past month the following number received the ben e fits apnlication: Charity, either a s ou t or in-door patients, on their personal .... ....., Week ending 7th November 2,154 Ditto 14th November 2,043 Ditto 21st November .... • • 1,972 Ditto 28th November 11 November.. • ..-- Total in November .. • • ment) 11•170.7 of whichhaving been 2,775 were admitted pre new cases, the remainder (Ai11 47 under treat viously. The clergy of all denominations have unlimited access to the patients. Heavy expenses are Inevitably incurred in affording such exten sive relief. The Committee, therefore, earnestly entreat the aid of tile public. The management of the Hospital is in the hands of 30 Governors, yearly elected from the general list of subs cr ib ers, at the Annual 'General Meeting in January. A Board is held every Thursday, at 4 o'clock (Rev. J. B. Owen, Chairman), to conduct the business, the Board being at when any subscriber may attend, if so disposed, all times desirous of receiving suggestions or giving explanation. The Hospital is not endowed, but is wholly dependent on volun tary contributions and 14 acie Nicholas - lame 'aceived by the rreasui er, M.P., ; also by Messrs. Coutts John Masterman, Esq., Berries andanCdo.C;o.lt;anosloymn and d d e C n o . . ;; and Co. ; Drummond and Co. ;, Prescott, Grote, and Co. ; Smith, Payne, Jones Loyd and Co.; Barclay and Co. ; Denison and Co. ; Williams, Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and Co. ; Nisbet and Co., B e , acre -street ; Masterman and Co. ; and at the Hosp Clothing for the destitute patients will be thankfullyi. received. By order. J. B. OVEN , M.A., Chairman. NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE. Patent Mice Seal of Great Britain. Diplo me d'Ecole de Pharmacie P harmacies de Paris. Imp e rial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEMAR No. 1,2, and 3, prepared in the form of a lozenge, devoid of taste or smell, and can be carried in the waistcoat pocket. Mold in tin c ases, divided into separate doses, as administered b y Yalpeau, Lallemand, lioux, Ricord, &c., &c. TRIESEMAR No. 1 is a Remedy for RE - LAXATION, SPERMATORRH(EA, and all the distressing 1711_!equences arising from early abuse, indiscriminate excesses, or too J'.4.__ residence in hot climates. It has restored bodily and sexual n'aufath.and vigour to thousands of debilitated individuals who are What", t _ h e enieYnaent of health and the Functions of Manhood; and It/A u ir may be the cause for DISQUALIFICATIONS - ' t hey are effectually subdued by this Wonderful Discoery e ffectualb, ,_ TRIESER No. IL, •radic o '.2, , .l the shot t space oft ree days, completely and entirely torn, 0 ';!! , 1 traces of Gonorrlicea, Loth in its mild and aggravated Urine, plin"4,l.itrictures, Irritation of the Bladier, Non-retention of CuPaivi tuid ,% 11 . e , Loins and Kidneys, ana *lose disorders which tain of th, I Q' thu_a_have so long been though! an antidote for, to the of is the a vast porti on of the poi elation. great Cow in _ TRIEAEMAR No. 111 , toms. It alac nemettittal Remedy for Syphilis ' and Secondary Symp- Cutaneoes E ruptians lutes a ceain cure for Scurvy, Scrofula, and all Vona and Imporities t and expelling in its course all corrup the virus of (lista, r emovingt vital stream, as altogether to eradicate through the mediA, r tn exPel it with the insensible perspiration remedy for th c never-failing pores of the skin and urine, and is a g i tsh ph ysician trea at class of disorders which unfortunately the En lion of the patient's constitsulviith mercury, to the inevitable dastruc the world cannot restore, pi 7, and which all the sarsaparilla in which saves l ls., and in 51. a r s e 118 ., or four cases in one for 335,, Prout, 229 To be had wholesale and retail s, : 'l r r eby there is a saving of 1/. 12s. , e r ndon, of Derby and Gordon, 140, Leadenhall-street ; a.nd; Hannay ord-streot ; Sanger, I O, Oxford etree t- and , 20., 03, Ox rinoion-s rest ; Butler and Harding, Barclay and Son, 97, Far , 4 , aura Churchyard. . Cheapaide ; Edwards, St. ....., SUMAN FRAILTY ; a Poplar Medical Wark, price Is., post free, beautifully illustrated Withit 100 engravings, and containing the opinions of Valpeau, Lallernand, Roux, Ricord, &c. It gives copious instructions for the perfect restoration of those who are prevented by impedimena from catering into the waffled state, also showing the dreadful results from early abuse, gonorrhoea, and syphilis, and the benefits arising from they abuse, tests and examination of the spermatoza, by the author's newlycnstructed microscope, with powerful lenses.—Piper and Co., 23, Paternoster w ; and from all agents for the. sale 01"lrlesetuar." rHE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CCXIII., Will be published on Thursday next. CONTENTS. I. Philip H. and his Times. It. Human Longevity. HI. Convocation. IV. Fergusson's Architecture. V. Macaulay s History of England. VI. Rights and Liabilities of Husband and VII. Scottish Lawyers and English Critics. VIII. French Society under the Directory. IX. Parliamentary Committ , es and Railway Legislation. X. India, Persia, and Afghanistan. London : Longman and Co. Edinburgh : A. and C. Black. POST -OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY, 1857.—The Sabscrihers to this work are respectfully in formed they can exchange the Ma su plied with the Directory for one m usted on Rollers, oloured, Varnished, and on which the new Postal Districts are distinctly defined, on payment of ss. Kelly and Co., I✓i to 21, told Boswell•court, St. Clement's, Strand, W.C. LONDON POSTAL DISTRICTS.- STANFORD'S PAT! , NT POSTAL DISTRICT ENVE LOPos, indicate to Correspondents the district to be appended to th- address in reply. Samp'es an' prices on applicati nto Ethiard Stanford, Mapseller and Stationer, 6, Charing•cross, S W. LONDON NEW POSTAL DISTRICTS. he 'MAP of LO DOS, coloured to show the new Postal Districts, prepared by direction of her Majesty's Postmaster•gene ral, for the use of the Provincial and London post-offices, to facili tate the earlier delivery of letters, Scc., ran be obtained of } dward 'tanford, 6, Charing cross, S.W. Price, sheet, ss. ; case, Is. 6d. ; rollers varnished, lOs. 6d. ONDON POS I AL DISTRICTS.-SKETCH A %TAP of the LONDON P. rS rA.I, Di -TRIC - r-, extending upwards 0112 miles from the General Post Office, with a list of pri • ipal places and the district in which they are situate (prepared for the Postmaster-General's Annual Report). Price, on- large sheet, 2s. ; case, 4- 61. ; rollers varnish d, 7s. London: Edward Stan ford, 6, Charing-cress, S.W., and all booksellers. LONDON POSTAL DISTRICTS. THE USEFUL EN WL"'DGE SO lETY'S MAP of LONDON, coloured t show the NEW rosrAL DISTRICTS, with the Post , office List of pnucipal streets and places as divided into Postal Dis tricts, by command of the Paqmaster-general. Price, plain Is.; coloured, Is. 6d., in sheet or folded ; mounted on linen in case, 2s. Cd (per post two st-tmps additional) ; rollers varnished, Gs. London: Ed ward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W. DFt. LIVINGSTON'S DISCOVERIES IN AFRICA.—The MAP of AFRTC A, in the Series designed and engraved by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, illustrates the Route ~ n d Discoveries of this distinguished traveller. Compi ed from the maps in the posses , ion of the Roy al Geographical Society. Price, plain, id.; coloured, 9d. A list of 221 maps in this series may be had upon application to Edward Stanford, 6, Charing,- cross, S.W., London ; per post for one ktamp. EXPEDITION to PERSIA.—The MAP of PER:I %, with Part of the Ottoman Empire. By G. LONG, M. A. Price Gd. plain ; 9d. coloured. Published in the Series of the Useful Knowledge Society. Can be obtained of all booksellers. Also, same series and price, a Map of Afghanistan, Beloochistan, with parts of Persia, Bokbara, and Sinde. London : Edward Stan ford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W., whose catalogue of maps can be had on application. BO NIBARDMENT of CANTON.—The ATLAS 0. 26 Coloured Maps, contains in addition to the maps of India, revis d by JOHN W ALKER, Esq. (G ographer to the Honourable East India Company), maps of Canton and its ap proaches, acao and Hong Kong; China and Burmah ; Persia; Arabia; Japan ; Asiatic Archipelago ; Islan 's in the Indian Ocean ; Polynesia, &c., selected front the Series designed and engraved by the Useful Knowledge Society. The Atlas, price one guinea; the Maps singly, coloured 9d ; plain 6d A list of the Maps and Atlases in the series, may be obtained on application to Edward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross, London (S.W.) NEW ZEALAND.—The TJuseful Knowledge Society's MAP of NEW ZEAL AND has recently been thoroughly revised from Admiralty Surveys, ant additions in the interior, by WALTER M NTEI L, Esq., &c. Price, coloured 9d. ; plain 6d. The Family Atlas, selected from the series, contains 80 maps and index, price three guineas. London : Edward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W. rIANADA, UPPER and LOWER, with the RAILWAYS.—Maps of these Provinces in two sheets, are included in the new edition of the CTCLOPJEDI AN ATLAS, just published, price one guinea, containing 39 Col, ured Maps of the various parts of the world, amongst which will he found maps of the United -tates In two sheets, British America, with the Arctic Regionq, West India Islands, Australia, New Zealand, &c., &c.. se lected from the Useful Knowledge Society's Series. The maps singly, plain 6d; coloured 9d. London: Edward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W. The Third Edith - in. Just Published, nrice 59., by post, tree, ss. 6d ON TRUE dr FALSE SPERMATORRH4 Nor with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the Kew Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from he German of Dr. PICKFORD, In. Picklord '8 known to English readers by his crequent pract.- contributions to German medical literature. This is the firs , , ue, he informs as, that he has addressed himself to the non-medi• Al reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall ietect sin thor equally flagrant evil which it may be In his power to cor ect." —London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of Quiet Sympathisers,' ▪ Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed; and if this boot could find its way into the hands of those whe suffer from the coin. taint of which it treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds wool,' ▪ saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of as importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize— Auch money ...... This volume is well qualified to put an end to tb. ppirtcal system of treating Spermatorrhcea, and to place the treat. -rent upon a more rational and phriological basis. It is, therefor fkelv fn 10 much good."—Medical Circular. I.ondon : H. italliere, 214, Regent-straw. A W LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, Fleet-street, Ist January, 1857. \ otice is Hereby Given, that a GENERAL MEETING of the Proprietors of the Law Life Assurance Society will be hold at the Society's Office, Fleet street, London, on MONDAY, the 2d day of February next, at 12 o'clock at noon precisely, pursuant to the provi sions •f the society's Deed of •lettlement, for the purpose of receiv ing the Audi ors' Annual Report of tie Accounts of the Society up to the llst December last; to elect a Trustee in the room of the late Right lion. Sir John Jervis, Lord Chief lustice of the Court of Com mon Pleas, deceased ; and for general purposes. By order of the Directors. WILLI tM SAMUEL DOWNES, Actuary. NOTICE OF DIVIDEND BANK OF DEPOSIT, No. 3, PALL-MALL EAST, LONDON. Establi,hed A.D. 1844. The Warrants for the Half-yearly Interest, at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, on Deposit Accounts, to 31st December, will be ready for delivery on and after January the 10th, 1857, and payable daily. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. Parties desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to axamine the plan of the Rank of Deposit. Prospectuses and Forms tor Opening Accounts sent free on appli cation. MR. ALBERT SMITH'S MONT BLANC, BADEN, up the RHINE, and PARIS, is NOW OPEN EVERY EVENING (except Saturday) at 8 o'clock.—Stalls, 3s. area. 25. : gallery, 15. Stalls can be secured at the box office, Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, every day between eleven and four, with out any extra charge. The Morning Representations take place every Tuesday and , aturday, at Three o'clock. MR. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDITIES, with New Costumes and v 'rims Novelties, vocal and Cha racteristic, every evening (except 'aturday) at Eight A MORN ING PERFORMANCE every SATURDAY, at Three. Private Boxes and Stalls may be secured, without extra charge, at the Box-office, Poly.zraphic-hall. King William-street, Charing-cross. The hall has been entirely redecorated. ItGYLL ROOMS.-LA URENT'S CASINO ?II Great Windmill-street, St. James's. —The above elegan ooms are now open every evening for the winter season, with aurent's celebrated Orchestra. Principal Cornet-a-piston, M. oulcourt. The Proprietor begs to inform the public that this fashionable place of resort ha= been entirely redecorated during the recess. Doors open at half-past eight, commence at nine. Admis s on i )ne 11R. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, .7 4, Coventry-street, Leicester-square.--Open (for Gentlemen ily) from 10 till 10, containing upwards of one thousand models rid preparations, illustrating every part of the human frame in ealth and disease, the race of men, &c. Lectures delivered at 12, , 4, and half-past 7, by Dr. G. SEXTON, F.R.G.S. ; and a new and ighly-interesting series of Lectures is now in course of delivery Dr. RAHN, at a quarter past 8 p.m. precisely. Admission, One ;hilling. Catalogues containing Lectures as delivered by Dr. Kban (gratis). GORDON CUMMING, the LION HUNTER, will be AT HOME in his Encamnment, surrounded by the `foils and trophies of his achievements, and give his popular EN TER TA INMF.NT, describirg his ADVENTURES in the Interior of SOUTH AFRICA, every evening throughout the week, at 8 o'clock. A SPECIAL AFTERNOON PERFORMANCE cn SATURDAY, at Three o'clock. Several important adoitions and embellishments have been made to the Hunte - 'sMuseurn, and three new views—illustra tive of Ostrich Hunting in the Karoo, the Death of the Giraffe. and Vultures en their Prey in the Desert—painted by Samuel Hodson, added to the series of Dioramic Scenes. The Lion Hunter's native Bushmen will appear incidental to the Entertaiinment. Fiano by be r. Ha rries Wilson. Adit,ission, Is ; area, 20.; stalls (which may taken daily between eleven and four), 35.-232, Piccadilly. the most particulars of INVESTMENTS i important Dividend and l'rogressive BRITISH MINES.—FuII Mines will be found in thest" CONSIDERED AS NF NVoirth Edition of BRITISH MINES 11. MURCHISON, Esq., m . s . 731 EN T , recently published by J. Mr. BIURCHISON also pu c ols W.S., price 3s. ad.; by post 4s. BRITISH MINING, giving the pos 7 t r o QUARTERLY REVIEW of at the end of each quarter, the dividend's and prospects of the Mines The Review for the quarter ending 30 .paid, & c , of the Bassett district, price is. th Sept. last contains a Map " The book will be fourd extremely y a t " A valuable little book."—Globe. uable."—Observer. " A valuable guide to investors."—Herapath. "A useful little volume." —Morning Herald. " Of great value to capitalists."—Sunderland Times. " Parties requiring information on mining investment better and safer instructor than Mr Murchison.a_ Lee s ds will find no " One of the most valuable mining publications haswhleliTimes. under our notice, ano contains more information than any come the subject of which it treats."— Derby Telegraph. other on " To those who wish to invest capital in British Mines, this work is of the first importance."—Welshm an. "This work enables the capitalist to invest on sound principles; it is, in truth, an excellent guide."—Plymouth Journal. Copies of the above publications can be obtained at Mr. Murchison's offices, 117, Bishopsgate-street Within, London ; and reliable infor mation and novice will be given at any time to those who may c c _ quire it. -- 4ZALT and Co.'s EAST INDIA PA LE a nd 1,7 BURTON ALES. BsEwERT—BURTON-ON-TRENT. 51Poms : LONDON.. LIVERPOOL .. • ........ MANCHESTER .. •• •• ..•• S REEF I ELD ....... •..• • .. BIRMINGHAM ... Old Courthouse, High-street. BRISTOL.. .. . DUBLIN 4, Crown-alley. EDINBURGH •. GLASGOW St. Vincent-place. These Ales, in Casks of Eighteen Gallons and upwards, and in L ettle, obtained from alt respectable Bottlers. ....... SIR ROBERT PEEL ON RUSSIA. BIRMINGHAM, JAN. 6. Last night the new library in Adderley-park was inangu• rated by a dinner given to the members of the late bazaar committee, and subsequently by a meeting in the Museum Room, at which were present Lord Lyttleton, Lord Leigh, Sir Robert Peel, M.P., Mr. Adderley, M.P., Mr. M`Gea chy, the Mayor of Birmingham, Mr. Charles Ratcliffe, and numerous friends of the institution. The great attraction of the night was a promised lecture by Sir Robert Peel on the subject of " Moscow," which proved, upon delivery, to be highly amusing, if not instructive. After appropriate addresses from Lord Lyttleton and Mr. Adderley, announcing the flattering prospect of " the People's Park and Library." Sir R PEEL presented himself, and was loudly cheered. He said that it was only the day before he had road in a public newspaper that he was expected to appear on that occasion to address an audience upon the far distant city of Moscow. Pia humble services had, however, been, and should be, at the disposal of the public. The hon. baronet then proceeded to dilate upon the immediate subject with which bis name was associated in the programme. He said, " You are aware that last summer I went, in com pany with many others, to that distant country celled Russia. I had the proud . satisfaction of being conveyed thither on board one of those magnificent vessels which plough the ocean like queens, and gloriously assert the in dependence and greatness of our country. (Cheers.) I proceeded up the Baltic, where in the year preceding such mighty fleets were assembled. I passed along the shores of Finland, and arrived within gunshot of that great for tress which Sir Charles Napier did net take. (Loud cheers, laughter, and hisses.) some gentlemen express dissent from what I state, but I believe it is strictly and kterally true. (Laughter.) I saw that mighty fortress rising before us. I reflected naturally upon the past and upon the great distinction that might have resulted from any successful operations against it. We then advanced up the Neva, that great and mighty river which flows by St. Petersburg. We arrived at St. Petersburg sufficiently tired by the journey, and expecting to be overcome by the heat. Although it was in the middle of summer it was bitterly cold ; the weather was very changeable, like everything else in Russia, and I had the greatest difficulty to keep myself warm. St. Petersburg is built on piles, and is always very subject to the east wind. (Laughter.) When the east wind blows St. Petersburg has a chance of be ing done away with, as the public expected Sir Charles Napier would do away with it—(laughter)--at all events, it then stands a good chance of being sunk in the water. It is not a very magnificent city, and does not strike one by its fine streets and buildings after all. It has nothing else but grenite floors, with outsides all paint and stucco. Its edifices are a great deception, as are most things else we have heard of in Russia. (Laughter.) The Admiralty is a remarkable building situated next to the Winter Palace, which palace is the residence of the Czars. It is in this palace that the Emperor Nicholas lived in the simplest manner, great as was his mind ; and it was in a poorly furnished room on the north-east side that he breathed his last. The square before this palace is one of the largest in the world, and the monolith in the centre is the largest in the world, consisting of a single piece of stone, on the top of which is placed a monument to the Emperor Alexander, who died in 1825. In the Winter Palace are deposited the Crown jewels. I have travelled a good deal and seen many fine sights, but I never saw anything like the splendid jewels belonging to the sovereign and people of that Court and country. They are something beyond belief. The crown exhibits a ruby such as was never seen before ; the sceptre has the largest emerald in the world ; the ball of state has an enormous sapphire ; the Empress's beautiful crown of pearls contains the largest pearl I ever saw ; and the effect produced by this congre gation of brilliants is something quite magnificent. In this palace there is also a number of portraits of distinguished Russians and great generals; among others the Duke of Wellington. There is likewise a splendid picture by Horace Yernet, illustrating the attack on Poland, one of the most interesting and, at the same time, moat bloody episodes in Russian history. (Hear, hear.) Another palace is called the Hermitage. It is, however, nothing like a hermitage, for it is in the middle of the town, and holds a most famous collec- tion of pictures, originally from this country, and known as the Walpole collection. It is a misfortune that no private individual could be found to secure such a collection for our country; and it is quite out of the question to expect Governments to be liberal on such a matter. ("Hear," and laughter.) I went to view the pictures one Sunday after noon. The man in charge of the collection pointed my at tention to a quantity of works of art, and said, "Here is the Kertch collection." I said, " I thought they were all taken by the people"—(laughter)--to which he replied, " Oh no ; they were removed by order of the Emperor two years ago." That shows the premeditation of the man. (Cheers.) Those pictures had been removed at great cost and difficulty from Kertch to St. Petersburg two years before; and this pro ceeding leaves little doubt on my mind that there was a great design against the liberties of Europe. (Hear, and cheers.) The next palace is called is the Marble Palace. In everything there is deception, and in this instance there is almost another deception. It is called the Marble Palace, bosause it is built of granite. (Laughter.) The Marble Palace is the residence of that " frank and open hearted sailor" Constantine. How I laughed when I read that description of Constantine's character. (Laughter.) You may remember what has been said about the distin guished Admiral Constantine. With all respect to his Highness, I must say that I never saw a man who gave me less of the impression of a " frank and open-hearted sailor.)" (Cheers and laughter.) It is all soft sawder, you know. (Laughter.) There is another great palace, the Taurida. It was given by Catherine to the remarkable character called Potemkin—remarkable for the power he acquired over that most powerful Empress. Potemkin se cured to Russia that very spot, the Crimea, in which so much precious blood and treasure has been lately expended by the allies. Potemkin caused the Khan of the Crimea to be assassinated, and then attached that border of the Black Sea to Russia. It was he who first raised the post with the well-known inscription, " La route de Constantinople"— an inscription which is has ever been the anxious desire of the Northern Czars to carry out, and which remains for us ever to resist. (Cheers.) Having finished the palaces, I will turn to a more serious subject, the churches. The Izaak Church is the chief church of Russia, and 200,0001. was spent in preparing for it a foundation of piles before a single stone was raised. It was commenced 19 years ago, and is not yet finished. In the interior are eight magni ficent malachite columns, given by a rich Russian pro prietor, Demidoff, and valued at 1,009,000 roubles. There was not much to keep us in St. Petersburg, for we were so horribly fleeced by our innkeeper. (Laughter.) I have lived a great deal in that way, but I never in my life came across a man with such enormous ideas of the principles of " doing." (Laughter.) I am a man who am satisfied with little, but our dinner every night cost us 601. sterling. (Roars of laughter.) It was per fectly monstrous. If I had not been in Russia I should have lived with the police, bat I gave up that notion after wit nessing the manner in which Russian constables knock people about. (Laughter.) The police use a sort of great I antique fork, which they stick into their unfortunate vic tims, and then leave them on the ground, instead of taking them to a lock-up or something of that kind. (Laughter.) We were glad to get away to Moscow, that being thegreat goal of our anticipations. When we got to the station to start off our luggage was so enormous that the station could not hold it. We took a most extraordinary quan tity of clothes, and all sorts of fancy dresses, and as there were 20 of us, with 20 servants, and more than 20 other attendants, you may imagine what a tremendous amount of moveables we carried about. At last we started, leay. iog behind what we could not take. In Russia the trains are in the habit of stopping every quarter of an hour, and remaining a quarter of an hour when they do stop. (Laughter.) When we arrived at Moscow we were wearied, but not hungry, having plenty to oat, for the quarter of an hour stoppages were apparently made for the express in purpose of e a ti ng . W e had most charming theapart ments their eir accommodation, carriages. Egli but English railway not so the Russians, for directors are stingy about for we had every convenience that a well-regulated esta blishment could possibly desire. After passing the night tolerably well, we reached Moscow, and found b 10,7) 0 troops drawn up at the station? together with an enormous quantity of footmen. We had just arrived with the Impe rial jewels in the same train, and it was thought necessary to !surround them with pomp. I had Wads an agreement with Gen. Sourochokoff, a common man, whose whole anxiety was to imposo upon people who trusted in him. At my command he had sent for me to the station a mag nificent carriage, with four magnificent grey horses. I hastened at once to our dwelling, near the English em bassy, accompanied by my wife, Lord Stafford and his wife, the Duke of Newcastle's son, and Lord Shaflesbury's son. Sourochokoff charged me 1001. for the hire of each horse ; and, although I strongly objected to the impost, I was compelled to pay his exorbitant demand. We all had enormous establishments, and lived at an enormous rate. As the great fair was being held at Nishni, and that being a matter thoroughly unique, in itself six or seven of us de termined to visit it. I went to the postmaster and found him one mass of decorations. I was quite frightened with his pomp and ceremony. He gave me what he called an _official, but a man I should have taken for a general officer, so splendid was his uniform—(laughter)—he was to guide us, and see that everything was done • l -Rits* We started in two carriages and six on the 2d of Aug. for Nishni, situated on the Volga, and just had one week todo every thing in. We went from Moscow without provisions, thinking we should find plenty on the road. We could not speak one word to the man who took ns in charge, and of course had to leave ourselves entirely in his hands. Ho took us at a tremendous pace. 'We travelled on a road as smooth as Hyde -park from Moscow to Nishni, 400 miles, in 28 hours-15, 16, and 11 miles per hour fre quently. We were in the second carriage, and I once made signs to our richly-dressed director that we were not going fast enough, and that the first carriage was outstrip ping us. He immediately rose from his seat, dragged the man from the box, and cast him to the ground, nearly killing him. (Laughter.) I took care not to complain again. There was no postilion ready for one of the six horses when we stopped at one post house, but the director in gold insisted that we must have six horses and six riders, and to supply the vacancy rushed into the crowd which had collected, seized the first person, put bim upon the horse, and started off again. The man had no stock ings or shoes on, but that did not matter ; he soon got into a dreadful state from riding, and dropped off the animal. The horses frequently became tired, and when they fell down exhausted were left by the 'roadside. The postboys suffered the same treatment when they became unable to perform their duties. (Laughter.) Ido not think I ever enjoyed travelling so in my life. (Laughter.) We slipped quantities of money into their hands, and they were well contented with us. When we arrived at Nishni, which, under ordinary circumstances, numbers 30,000 inha bitants, but at the fair times contains 400,000 and 500,000, we could not for sometime get lodgings ; and I assure you that, 'after travelling at that tremendous pace for 28 hours in carriages without springs, and without tasting food, we were thoroughly worn out. Eventually we all got into a room ; we were compelled to rough it, and shook down in an inn we found there. (Laughter.) Our arrival caused a great sensation, for they had never perhaps seen an English face before. The following night sone of our party went to the theatre. The Governor was there, and, seeing strangers, inquired who we were, and as soon as be ascertained he treated us with the greatest pos sible hospitality. During the whole time I was in Rus sia I never saw such a brick as the Governor was. (Laughter.) While quietly walking over an immense bridge at Nishni, smoking a cigar, I was seized by a Cossack, who nearly wrung my neck off, and who, holding his great weapon over my head, took me prisoner along the streets. (Laughter.) I could not speak a word to the fierce soldiei, and was in something like the same position as the Englishman in France, of whom Hood or Matthews sung:— " Never go to France, unless you know the lingo, Or else you will, like me, repent of it, by jingo— Staring like a fool, silent as a mummy, There I stood, looking 'nation like a dummy." (Bursts of merriment.) We had nothing to sleep on, but had plenty to drink. I never saw a man with such a capa city for drinking as this brick of a Governor—(langhter)— and no matter how much champagne he drank, I did not notice that he ever appeared affected by it. (Laughter.) He gave us a Me on the Volga, and we had an excellent opportunity of seeing the scenery of this fine river, which flows into the Caspian Sea. What delighted us most was going into the fair. We saw there Kalmuck') and lovely Circassians, the latter being particularly engaging, and I was nearly engaged twice by some of them. (Laughter.) Nishni is the tea emporium of Europe. We saw thousands of pounds of tea brought there. I brought several cases home with me, and paid 31s. per pound for them upon the spot. I also saw the people from Bokhara with their pre cious stones, and purchased from them some turquoises, which I feel sure . would thia country all that Gan B e nroeilokoirrcilibednie'cit. (Langhter.) I am alwa ys anxious to recover, and never like "to be done." /R enewe d mirth.) After alluding to a purchase or caviare, which cost 100 t. per pound before it reached Moscow, and was nasty even the n, and mentioning th e var i ous ra ces, and th e arti cles they fered for sale at the grand fair, Sir Robert ob served—" I saw among the crowded and varied people men from Manchester and Birmingham, a Staffordshire yeoman and a Scotch lassie, and as I gazed upon them I felt proud of my country. (Cheers.) We hurried back because wei knew that on the 24th the Emperor was to enter Moscow, and after a sapid drive of 28 hours arrived in the Imperial city at 5 o'clock in the morning. Shortly after that hour the Emperor and Empress arrived at Moscow in grand state—nothing could exceed the magnificence of the Em press's carriage. The Emperor Alexandria is a fine-look ing man, his appearance and the expression of his physiog nomy being mild—in fact, nothing desperate-looking about him. The homage he receives from his subjects is God like, and such as could scarcely be conceived in a free comi try. At the unearthly hour of 6 o'clock in the evening I had to dress in uniform to commence a series of presenta tions which lasted every mortal hour of the whole week. The fatigue we underwent in this duty was enormous; in deed, so gi eat was it that our uniforms hung about us, and we all lost that reputable rotundity which so peculiarly characterises Englishmen. We were presented at the co ronation by Count Morny, the French Ambassador, a spick and span man of considerable aplomb, and who, by the way, is one of the greatest speculators in the world. H e speculates in everything, and bought a lot of pictures to sell ag ain and make a profit of. Next to Count Morny stood the representative of a country which deserves the sympathies of all civilised people, Sardinia—(cheers) — General Dabormida. Then came the Ambassador of the smallest kingdom in Europe, Belgium, the Prince de Ligne, the very picture of swelling insignificance, so swelling, in deed, that he could n o t f or th e life of him look down f rom the contemplation of hi s own importance. Then the re was that fine specimen of a e lan , Prince Esterhazy, th e repre sentative of Austria. Then the representative of Naples, of whom, in charity, I will say nothing. Then the Turkish representative, a clever Turk. Of course he was not ad mitted into the church. At the same time you could not look at him without feeling that he was the representative of an effete and worn-out cation. It was impossible for Turkey to long resist the aggression of Russia without as sistance. Then came the Papal representative, and, finally, that of this country, Lord Granville, then whom no one could more thoroughly represent a true Englishman. H e was the representative of the most powerful nation in the world, yet plainly dressed. When I saw him standing amid the decorated group around him I was reminded of the lines of Burns— _ . king can mak a belted knight, A marquis, duke, and a' that ; But an honest man's aboon his might—. Guid faith he mauna fa' that !" (Loud cheers.) Then, casting the eye across the cathedral, you saw the distinguished generals of the Russian army— Todtleben, Gortschakoff, and others—and, just beside the Emperor, Count Orloff. I believe he was in the palace when Paul was assassinated, and has been the favourite of three great Emperors. He possesses quality of heart and hospitality for which I am much indented. As the Empress entered she fell fiat on the floor, I supposed by accident. It was, however, to kiss some sacred stone or other; and thou she came in with her hair dishevelled, looking like Norma ii the opera. The ceremony then took place, and Emperor and Empress were duly crowned. At the moment when the Empe ror placed his crown on his head the imperial ermine fell to his feet, while that of the Empress fell from her head and broke into pieces. These accidents in Rome would have been deemed ill omens. In the evening their Majesties went out to see the illuminations, which lasted three days, and were most magnificent, so much so as to make one wonder where the Russians got their supply of candles. Then there was a review of 140,030 men, where I figured in the full uniform of a captain of the Burton Yeomanry, who would bo well pleased to see their commander in the imperial cortege. There were troops of all the tribes of Russia, Cossacks and Circassians, and so hostile are some of th em that two regi ments turned their sham fight into earnest. There was a grand charge of 40,000 cavalry en masse towards the spot I was standing on. Many of the Russian soldiers had hel mets with bullet marks; but I suspect they must have been of their own making, ortheir heads would not have escaped at the same time. The next grand spectacle was an enor mous dinner. There is an account of an enormous feast somewhere in the Bible, which I looked for and couldn't find, and which must have been very like the one I beheld at Moscow. Unfortunately the officer who had the management of the feast thoughtthe people would not behave themselves without a rehearsal, the result of which was that it was all demolished prematurely. Of course he was tried by a drum-head court-martial, and if he did not lose his head was, at all events, oisgraced. Then we had a grand chasse, In this chasse at least 800 horsemen were present, besides about 20 men blowing enormous horns, and some 20 dogs. They started hares, and they started foxes, and they started wolves ; but all the 800 horsemen, with the dogs and the trumpeters, could never manage to run down one of them. In fact, they no more understand the chase than you understand what serfs are. Lastly, they had eagle hunting, in which a Khirgish carried an eagle on his fist, and then having started a fox, the eagle flew after him, but always missed him ; the chase never extended over more than 20 yards of ground." The hon. baronet next spoke of the immense size of the great bell in the courtyard of the Kremlin, 21 feet high, 22 feet in cir enmference, and weighing 450,0C91b., while our Great Tom of Lincoln only weighed 10 COOlb., and the grea test bell in France 36,0001 b. The Russian belt had never been raised. and when he esked a, man w h y it had not been elevated respect to have been mistaken." (Laughter.) n a d n f d el w n h o e an o n yar a d t s te tn m t p o t th w e a g s m ron a n d d e , latter point," a dd e d Sir Robert, bh,:u my a y w i d i i with o r w r e ni as , whenTi t h b e r h o broke a. the pboal re baronet nu (tst scaffolding tu h oe e xatyhtyiasalluded to the battle of Borodino, army of 120,000 men def ea ted a Russian army of a like number, under Kutusoff, leaving 80,000 men dead on the field, and in vigorous language described his feelings as he gazed from Moscow upon the scene of the great contest. He went to say, looking back to his tory, and contemplating the present position of the Rue- By order. CHAS. E. STEWART, Secretary. Se retary's Orrice, Jan. 7, 1857. SALE OF PROVISIONS, &c., AT GOSPORT.. ADMIRALTY, SOMHATT-TLACII, 7th January, 1857. THE Commissioners for Executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain tnd Ireland, do Hereby Give Notice, that on WEDNEADAY. the 28th inst„ at 12 o'clock at noon, the Captain Superintendent will put up to Sale, in the Royal Clarence Victualling Yard at Gosport, several Lots of Army and Navy Provisions, Victualling Stores, Seamen's Clothing, Transport Bedding, &c , &c., &c., consisting of Salt Meat, Lew" Juice, Rice, Tongues, Chlor de of Lime, Brandy, Ale, &c., &c. all lying in the salt Yard. Persons wishing to view the Lots must apply to the Superintendent tor notes of admission for that purpose. Catalogues and Conditions of Sale may be had here and at the Yard. slang, they could not but feel that they were a b avepfople, who, under a better government and more liberalinstitu tions, might become a mighty' and flourishing nation. " What I wish to impress upon you is," said Sir Robert, " that you should not throw away your money to improve the internal condition of a country which will turn the benefits you confer to their own advantage. (Cheers.) I know not whether I have afforded some little enter tainment, but if I have I am well pleased, and shall be glad to devote my little abilities at any time to your ser vice. I would close my observations with this which cannot fail to be that of every one who hears me ; great as Russia is, when I contemplate the power of my awn country, I would ten thousand times sooner repose in the lap of Britannia the humblest citizen in the land than own the allegiance or bow the knee to the power that sways the sceptre in Russia." The hon. baronet resumed his seat amid vehement cheer ing, and the meeting shortly afterwards separated. TICKET OF-LEAVE AND SECONDARY PUNISHMLNTS. Col. J. Jebb writes to a morning contemporary as follows : Sir,—l am induced to beg th© favour of your allow ing me to offer a few explanations concerning the ticket of-leave men, not with any view of advocating the sys tem, but in the herpe that it may serve to clear up the misapprehensions which still exist concerning them, and show in its real proportion the magnitude of the evil which the country is enduring. It might seem superfluous again to explain who ticket of-leave men are, but I think a little preliminary informa tion is necessary to clear up doubts and make a fair start. Up to September, 1153, persons who had committed certain classes of crimes were _sentenced, not to three or four years' imprisonment, but to be transported beyond the seas for terms of seven and ten years. The colony of Van Diemen's Land, previous to that time, may be said to be a consenting party to this ar rangement, and willine• to receive them. In the three years-1850, 1851, and 1852—an average of 1,173 men, and about 350 women had been disposed of from England in that colony. The colot,y, however, without much previous notice, withdrew her consent, and the Government were thus left in the dilemma of having a number of men under sentence to be transported, but with no place to which the majority could possibly be sent. This was the difficalty they had to deal with. Referring to former precedent, the sentences would, as a matter of course, have been changed or commuted into imprisonment for half the period, with release at home. Such was the invariable practice with ievalids and others, who could not, from circumstances, be em barked for a colony, and at one period was the general practice in regard to all male convicts under sentence of seven years' transportation. Between the years 1343 and 1847 no legs than 3,450, chi,fly of the latter class, were released from the hulks with free pardons. Instead of closely following this precedent, however, an act was passed in August, 1853 (16th and 17th Vic., c. 39), enabling the Secretary of State to impose an ad ditional restriction upon theiv liberty by granting to them a revocable pardon or licence instead of a free par don. This measure was designed as a protection tri the public, but it unfortunately has also had the effect of making the men, as a class, distinct from prisoners re leased from ordinary gaols, the effect of which has not been favourable to their obtaining employment, and has doubtless driven many into crime from sheer aecessity. The periods when the men referred to would become eligible for release with a licence or ticket of leave were determined, after much consideration, at three years for the seven, and four years for the ten years' sentences, with good conduct, and the men have respectively been brought forward for release with ticket of leave at those periods. _ _ I would here beg permission to notice two points in connection with this apparently early release. I. It must not be regarded as a measure of benevolence or any special tenderness towards the convicts, for expe rience has sufficiently proved that by the great majority transportation afrer 2 and 21 years' confinement, which were the periods respectively assigned to seven and ten years' men under the former rule, would have been pre ferred to release at home with a ticket of leave after three and four years imprisonment, which was the rule established in its place. 2. The chaplains hare bad little or nothing to do with determining the period. It has mainly been exemplary conduct and a good character for industry that has been taken into consideration. .It is, however, much to be regretted that it has been, from circumstances, impossible, with a due reA,ard to justice and keeping faith with the whole body, to take into account the difference in► their crimes. It was absolutely necessary to treat them all alike in this re spect, and to assume that distinction in their crimes had been considered and disposed of by the judge in passing sentence. On the whole, it may fairly be said that, as a general rule, each convict released on licence had endured such a measure of punishment as would have been awarded to him if sentence of imprisonment had been originally passed ;'and the restrictions imposed by the licence, which subject them to be again confined for the whole period they would otherwise have been at liberty in the colony, have been so much penal infliction iu addition. Now, as regards the number with which we have to deal. There have been released on licence between Sept., 1853, and Dec. 15, 1856, a period of about 31 years, 6,730 male convicts ; the greater part being from convict prisons in England, the remainder from Bermuda and Gibraltar. The following is •n extract from the Home office regis. er of the number who have been committed to prison 'rom the commencement to Dec. 15, 1856, showing how they were disposed of : Men and women committed )itto acquitted Ditto cases still uudecided Bo— 181 Deduct woven Total number of men convicted ... 762 Of these licenses revoked on conviction of some trifling offence ... Number roconvicted and sentenced to penal servitude Percentage on the whole number in 31 years 11'3 The crimes of which these ticket-of-leave men have been convicted, either before magistrates, or at the assizes, or quarter sessions, are as follows : Larceny Uttering base coin Against Vagrant Act Assaults 3 Ditto on police .. 29 Against game laws Picking pockets or at tempting Theft and reputed theft 86 Wilful damage 3 Desertion ....... Misdemeanour 10 35 Total minor crimes 5BB Felony, housebreak [ ing, &e. inter, viz. : Offences of a graver char; Murderl 1 Forgery 7 Burglary Arson' 2 Robbery with violence 7 Highway robbery Cutting and wounding 2 Total rill show the proportion of n comparison with the con- The following statement ticket-of-leave men at large victed of the criminal classes. Th• summary convictions and sentences passed in court during the period of three years and a quarter, be tween Sept., 1853, and Dec. 15, 1856, may be taken in round numbers as follows : Summary convictions 170,000 sentenced in court 235,000 The total number of ticket-of-leave men would, there fore, have been short of 3 per cent., if they had all re lapsed into crime ; and a little raore than Sin 1,000 have appeared among those convicted of crime. Those who are interested in the fate of men who, during their imprisonment, have had opportunity afforded them of instruction and industrial training, might be disposed to regret that even this limited portion should relapse ; but if there be a matter of surprise, it will surely be found in the fact of the comparatively small number who have fallen. _ . . The whole body were, as a class, less likely to give np their criminal courses than those who pass their time in and out of ordinary prisons ; and yet, if there be not a greater fallacy in figures than I trust many will be dis posed to admit, they have struggled far more successfully against their difficulties. As regards the number of ticket-of-leave men released in different localities, the following is the proportion to 100,000 inhabitants, in the undermentioned counties, the first three being the highest in the scale, and the last three the lowest : 1. Somerset 7O 7. York 2. Middlesex 3. Berkshire 4. Hereford 45 10. Durham 5. Lancaster 6. Stafford A. candid consideration of these statements, with a de sire to arrive at the truth, will, I think, tend to dimi nish the alarm that exists on account of the " ticket-of leave men." So far as they are eoncerned they are neither formid able from their number nor dangerous above their fel lows from the nature of their crimes. But still it is of grea t i mpor t ance to consider whether any, and what, measu res can b e resor t e d t o which will lessen the evil of adding, in however small proportion, to the criminal classes, or, I should rather say, how that very numerous class can best be diminished. This is the real question at issue, and it is one to which you have frequently directed the attention of your readers. In a leading ar ti c l e w hi c h a pp e ared in your imp ression of the Ist of Jan. you advert to " a complete revision of the whole system." This is a task that might well en gage the utmost exertions of all who desire to see an im pression made on the crime aid criminals of the country. A complete review of our system would embrace 1. Measures of prevention, which/ besides questions of education and the industrial training of pauper and criminal children, will include a systematic pressure on among others will be found the known causes of crime ; all that promotes drunkenness and immorality, all th e facilities for the disposal of stolen property, &c. 2, The consideration of the discipline in ordinary pri sons with a vie iv to establish a more uniform and stria , Vint, and at the same time a more reformatory system, 3. Effective as , istance to deserving prisoners on dis charge ; for what can a man, woman ; or child do it turned out in the street to starve or steal Yet in this country it maybe said that some 70,000 or 80,000 are so turned out every year. It is not by congregating them at work that assistance will best be given, but by afford• ing opportunities of finding employment when dispersed. 4. We now come to the class termed convicts. There is no greater mistake than to regard all who receive a sentence of transportation or penal servitude se being irreciaitnal,ly bad or sunk to the same depth of moral turpitude. The fact is not so. There b; every sha(e of difference in character as well as in the circum stances of temptation under which their crimes may have been committed. • The opinion expressed in the , resolution of the select committee of the House of Commons, 1850. that " the great majority of convicted prisoners are ope❑ to the same good motives and good impulses which influence other human beings" is in accordance with all experience of convicts under a good 6y3tem of discipline for long periods. I have said thus much in the hope of impressing more deeply the truth and importance of the following obger. ♦ations in year leading article of the 6th of Jan. You justly observe, "The reformation of criminals is a high, holy, and noble object, worthy of any Legislature, but the criminals which it contemplates are those of a corrigible nature." Yoe go on to say, " When it weighs the treatment of criminals it discriminates between their various character, misdeeds, and chances of amendment. It punishes those whom it despairs of amending. It instructs and moulds those who are susceptible of refor mation." Keeping in view these admirable remarks will grktly facilitate a satisfactory solution of the question, " What are we to do with our convicts I" I have said it is a g►eat mistake to consider them all as one irreclaimable mass; there is little affinity between the country clodhopper, who begins with stealing a hen and rises to a goose, as compared with the finished swell n►obsman, the rascallyreceiver of stolen goods, or expert London burglar. Prisoners of the former stamp and others not following crime as a profession have been reformed to the extent of acquiring industrious habits by hun•lreds ; the latter are professional men, and their cralt will not be easily relin quished for any less exciting employment, either at home or abroad. With respect to the more hopeful of the convicts, what ever might be the means of eventually disposing of them, it would appear an essential condition that some fixed portion of their sentences of penal servitude should be endured in this country, so that certainty of punishment, which is of the greatest importance with a view to a re pressive effect out of doors, might replace in the criminal mind the dreams of gold fields which the very name of tramiporation now inspires, After undergoing the probationary period they might be removed or banished to any colony where suitable pro vision could be made for absorbing their labour, and Western Australia probably affords more facilities than any other place for this purpose. Such a means of die po,al would be alike advantageous to the mother country, the colony, and the convict. _ Lord Campbell, however, justly observes in his evi dence—" I think that it the country is to send people abroad as emigrants, and you call that transportation, that, instead of being a punishment, it may be a reward.' Hence the importance of demanding sorry fixed mini mum period of penal infliction before any convict is so disposed of. As regards the worst class—if a man is dangerous when at large society has a right to take care of itself, and as in the case of a lunatic, any such man should be prevented doing mischief, either at home or abroad. It appears unreasonable to inflict upon others that which we cannot bear ourselves. But how is this to be effected I In my view, it might to a great extent be accomplished by carrying out such sentences of penal servitude as will at least break up associations and habits, and expending the energies of the burglar, the highwayman, the receiver of stolen goods, and others of that stamp, for terms of or 10 years, or for life when necessary, on useful public works, where there exist scope for employment to any extent that is likely to be required, and the means of making all who are so disposed of earn almost the entire cost of their maintenance. There is no reason whatever to fear the inconvenient accumulation that many suppose. Convict labour has not yet been developed to the extent of its useful effect, and the supply has never yet been equal to the demand. After undergoing such a punishment, whieh I think would be calculated to produce a marked effect in the repression of crime, the question of disposing of them so as not again to be troubled with their presence in this country remains to be solved. SIR ?'OHN PALINGTON ON CRIME AND TICKETS OF LEA VE. Sir J. Pakington, as chairman of the Worcestershire Court of Quarter Sessions, addressed the grand jury at the commencement of the trial of the prisoners at those sessions on Tuesday, referring to the increase in the police force of .the Dudley and Stourbridge district which bad been ordered on the previous day. He said he thought it his duty, consipering the state of alarm —he might call it panic —which pervaded the public mind just new with reference to the ticket-of-leave sys tem and the increase of crime, to make some observa tions to the grand jury upon those subjects. Now, looking to the assize and sessions calendar 4, and to the other means of information which they possessed, he thought this alarm and panic were exaggerated. "It is impossible," continued the right hon. baronet, "to deny that thrJughout the country generally—and the northern 1 ortion, the manufacturing portion, of this county is no exception to this rule—there has of late been an increase of crimes, and those of the most serious character ; but this I think may be accounted in several ways, for, whatever may he the action of the ticket-of-leave system, I think there are other causes which will account for the increase. At this season of short days and scarcity of em ployment such increase may be looked for, nor can we shut our eyes to the fact that the prices of provisions have for some time been very high. More over, we must not omit to remember that during the past year a great reduction has taken place in the army and navy, and that the militia has been disbanded. These are some of the results of the restoration of peace, and no doubt to these causes we may trace some of that increase of crime which we deplore. But, after making allowance for these causes, I am not indisposed to admit that there still remains behind a considerable amount of crime whine may undoubtedly be traced to the practice of turning loose upon the public men of the worst character, who have &rawly been convicted of grave offences. But, admitting this, I think the public are in error throwing the whole onus on what • is called the ticket-of-leave-system. I think it may appear that the real evil does not consist so much in the practice of granting tickets of leave to convicts as in superseding the practice of transportation by a system of penal servitude. The effect of this system is that these offenders are set loose upon society as soon as the period of their sentences expires ; and it becomes a grave ques tion for consideration whether, when these men are so liberated, it would not be better to free them with a ticket of leave than without. For Mt own part, lam very much inclined to think that such discharges under a ticket of leave, with proper regulations, will be better for the interests of society than an unconditional release, and I think that the ill effects are to be attributed rather to a defect in the law than to the system of granting tickets of leave. It is well known to all who are ac quainted with the working of the item of prison dis cipline that it is not well to exclude the element of hope in the treatment of prisoners under sentence ; it is found to be productive of good effects for a prisoner to be led to expect that better treatment will follow good con duct. At the same time, however, I must say that, from what I have seen in the public newspapers, and from my own personal knowledge, I am in duced to think that a practice has obtained of mitigating sentences and advising ,the exercise of the prerogative of mercy in a manner not altogether conducive to the interests of the public. It was only at the late _War wickshire winter assize that Mr. Justice Wines called attention to the case of two men who were cor t ivic o t:d ofd to e a serious offence in January, 185 5 , and nn four years' ,r h i i s penal an servitude, error in practice, t were n released e o a f s e i s_ o d n . It_ August, was s stated in the House of Commons th at it had been deter mined not to issue tickets of leas e twohmereentisffeenntdeenicsed to penal servitude ; but here is is e a rvi:de were let loose llen sf considerably less than upon somewhat similar cage at the expiration Aoone halfoc. S te o r i e e e t d y to.four years' penal of their sentence. curred at our late Worcestershire winter assize, when mild punishment h• w ay robbery was a man convicted at stehoetsouomood to meras t s h iz e es of tild 1855 of g of 1.5 m onths' imprisonment, and after un d ergo ing nine month s of that p unishment he was liberated. There ma y possibly he reasons for investigation of which I am not cog nisant, but I have been led from causes which h ave come to my knowledge to form the conclusion that the practice of remitting the sentence of penal servitude has been too indiscriminately exercised, I should be very averse from fettering in any way the exercise of the pre rogative of the Crown, hut I feel that this matter requires to be placed on a more satisfactory ba-fs. The panic which at present pervades the public mind on the sub ject will, no doubt, lead Parliament to demand of the Government that the subject shall be fairly consider, d, and the whole question of secondary punishments be thoroughly revised. There is a desire in the public mind and, no doubt, one of the principal questions will be whether there shall be a return to he system of trans. portation. As far as England is concerned, travisporta tion has undoubtedly worked beneficially ; but I doubt whether it will be possible to again adopt it to the same extent as formerly. In any ease, however, I think there should be a reconsideration of the present scale of sen tences. Tee law, in my opinion, was hastily altered and badly revised. Penal servitude is by no means an equi valent for the sentence of transportation ; but four years' penal servitude is now the sentence inflicted where seven yt ars' transpoi tation was formerly imposed. It is thought REPEAL OF THE INCOME TAX. LEICESTER, JAN. 7. A public meeting, called by the Mayor, was held in. the Town-hall, on Tuesday evening, for the purpose of petitioning against the income tax at its present high rate of ls. 41 in the pound. The Town-ball was crowded. The first resolution affirmed that the increase of the tax to ls. 4d., although justifiable and expedient during the war, was unjust, and burdensome in time of peace, and that its roduc.ion to 7d. was necessary and expediett: This was moved by Alderman Manning, and seconded by Alder man Toiler, and carried unanitnously. The second resolution declared the proposed continuance of the in creased tax two years after the signing of the treaty of peace to be unjustifiable and contrary to the spirit of the act of Parliament. Mr. Councillor Moxon and Mr. Councillor Hurdy were the mover and seconder of the resolution. A third resolution, proposing that a petition to the legislature be prepared, embodying the above resolutions, and declaring that, if the income tax be con tinued beyond 1860, the assessment of it ought to be based on more just and equitable principles, was moved by T. Macaulay, Esq., and seconded by Mr. A. Augrave. Sir JOSEITJA WALMSLET, M.P., who was very well received, after some prefatory remarks, in which he ex pressed his acknowledgments to the Mayor and the com mittee for the opportunity of b2ing present, and hi! desire to meet big constituents more frequently, Said be had listened with attention, and not without profit, to the very pertinent, moderate, and just observations which bad fallen from those who had addressed the meet ing, and was rejoiced to find they had suggested, not the abolition, but the equitable adjustment and reduction of the present unequal mode of taxation, and should the subject come before Parliament those observations, so far as he was concerned, should have all the attention they so well deserved, but he was not without hope that the income tax in its presentshape would not again form part of the budget of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. It must be as evident to that right hon. gentleman as it was to others who had given attention to the subject, that to levy the same rate per cent. on industrial and precarious incomes arising out of trades and professions as on those arising out of real property, was not only unequal but manifestly unjust, and could not have been levied under a sound system of representation. H e was not aware of any other country in which so un equal a system of taxation prevailed. In tu , st of the European nati ns the .chief burdens of taxation were borne by the land. In some there was a graduated land tax, varying from 3i in the pound on incomes of 3001. a year to 6s. in the pound on 4,0001. a year. In this United States, all property, whether real or personal, was charged, but there was no tax on professional or precarious incomes. He would not weary the meeting with further statistical details, but, with permission, would point to one or two authorities on this subject, out of a host of others which he held in his band, whose names would give weight to these opinions. Sir Archi bald Alison, in his "History of Europe," pertinently remarks : "A greater error in finance could not have been committed than the introduction of an income tax without any graduation, but that arising from the amount of revenue." In this short, but pithy, sentence he em bodies the whole gist of the ques'ion. Another authority, and no mean one, the late Mr. Hu me , th en whom there was no sounder financier. In his report as chairman of the income and property-tax committee of 1851.2, he says : "Such a tax, with its present inequali ties, could not remain a permanent one. The inquiry before the committee had established the truth of the public judgment, on its injustice. But (he adds) an assessment on all property and on capitalised industrial incomes would be more equitable, and enable the nation to carry out free trade in its integrity." He (Sir Joshua Walinsley) fully concurred in those sentiments, and he believed they would find a response from those be had the honour to address. It was, indeed, only just that the greater portion of the revenue should be drawn from those who were not only best able to bear the bur den, but for whose benefit it was more especially dis bursed. Were taxation to be equitably adjusted on its own merits, there could, he thought, be little difficulty in framing a just and satisfactory measure ; but powerful class interests had interfered, and so complicated the subject as to throw the greater portion of the burdens on the shoulders of those least able to bear them. He ex pressed his satisfaction that his constituents were alive to the danger of an abolition of the income tax, lest it should enable others to throw overboard the property-tax and to revert to a system of imposts the most unjust and the most oppressive—taxes on the first necessaries of life, which necessarily fall with undue severity on the working cia-ses. Something had been urged as to the property and income tax being a war tax. In his opi nion, all taxes were for the protection of life and pro perty, and the only distinction he could draw was, which was the most equitable for all purposes. If, however, it w e re specially a war tax, it ought to be retained until those oppressive burdens incurred by war were removed, and we were more free to struggle in the race of compe tition, now so severe, with other nations. To the SO millions left as a legacy we had recently added 40 mil lions more. It was due to all classes that there should be a more equitable mode of taxation. He bad never found any portion of his fellow -countrymen indisposed to pay their full share of the burdens, but the present unequal levy had caused much dissatisfaction. In a prize essay published in Liverpool in 1848 under the signature of "X. Y.," there was a proposition well worthy of mature consideration : "To remove every exi-ting tax, dlr• ct and indirect, and in lien thereof to substitute a capitalised income and property tax, gra duated according to the interest, wlesther for one or twenty years' purchase, and it was estimated that 1 per cen'. on such capitalised sum would meet all the require ',Rents of the state. He would not trespass further on their attention than to assure them that although he had not recently attended any public meetings of his constituents, he had not neglected their interests. Ia fact his whole time and attention, since he had the honour of representing them, had been devoted to their service, and should so continue whilst he held that confidence. The resolutions were carried with the greatest unani mity, and after a vote of thanks to the Mayor (J. Under wood, Eeq ), and to Sir J. Walrnsley, M.P., the meeting separated. Mr. J. Biggs, M.P., the other member for the borough, was unable to attend the meeting through indisposition. FRONE.—On Friday evening last at Frome a meeting of the inhabitants was held in the assembly-room, at the George Hotel, Donald Nicoll, Esq., iu the chair, when resolutions were passed unanimously declaring the exist ing tax ')f 16d. in the pound to be enormous in amount, offensively inquisitorial, by its inequaliry unjust, and and that its continuance beyond the sth of April next would not only be oppressive, but a violation of the spirit of the act consented to by Parliament and the people of this country, in the belief that the impost would not be continued more than one year after the termins tion of the war with Russia. Also that to tan precarious and permanent incomes alike is manifestly unjust ; and that a petition be presented to the House of Commons is accordance with the foregoing resolutions. The meeting was addressed by Messrs. Coombs, Chapman, Beal, Rev. S. Manning, Morris, Rev. E. E. Holroyd, and others ; and after a vote of thanks to the chairman the meeting was dissolved. CAIIIIIDOIL—A large meeting of the inhabitants was held yesterday afternoon, at the Town-hall, Cambridge, the Mayor in the chair, for the purpose of petitioning Parliament for the reduction of the income tax from 16d. to its original amount of 7d. in the pound, fro m an d a lt er the month of April next. The speakers manifested great unanimity in their desire to be relieved of the burden, and a petition embodying the opinions of the meeting received immediate signature. preliminary meeting was also held at Ely, on Tues day evening, for the same object, at which resolutions of a similar nature were unardin .usly passed, and another meeting convened for the formal adoption of a petition founded thereon. A numerous meeting of the inhabitants of St. Mary, Islington, was held last evening at the Myddletou-hall, Upper-street, at which resolutions were passed for the immediate reduction of the income tax to 7d. in the pound, and for the exoneration of all incomes under 1501 per annum ; and a petition to Parliament praying for the above object was forthwith adopted. A public meeting of the inhabitants of Bridgewater, convened by the Mayor, Mr. J. Ruddock, was held in the Guildhall of that tow❑ on Monday. Resolutions in oppeition to this tax were unattim , usly agreed to. At the Central Criminal Court yesterday, Hunry Carr, alias Thomas Baker, 21, shopman, pleaded guilty to an itidictmen7,l ,, r stealing 52 handkerchief• and other goods, valued at 601., the property of Cuarles Meeknag and anothsr, his masters. He was sentenced to be kept in penal servitude for four years. The prisoner, who did not seem to anticipate such a sentence, groaned heavily, and staggerer as he left t duck. Jacob Israel, a young man, surrendered to take his trial for a felonious assault upon a girl eighteen years old, named Julia Cohen. The jury, after a short deliberation, returned verdict of net guily . [ADVBRTISBMENT.J —Holloway's Ointwert and Pills —Matchless Ri-quedies for Inveterate Ulcers.—Mrs. Anne Edward , , of Gmucester, was a great sufferer for tharly 12 years with several ob,iti , nte ulcers in the lege, acc.iinpanie:l by a continual and preternatural discharge, c irrupting the entire system, resi.ting every mode of treatment devised by her medical attendant and others of the faculty. Having heard id the numerous cures effected by Holloway's Pills an d Ointment, she was in duced to give them a trial, a nd, to the astonishment of herself and friend.i, was quickly and soundly cur e d.— Sold by all medicine v endors throughout the world at Professor Holloway's Establishments, 244, Strand: L.inclon, and 80, Maidenilane, New York; by A. Stamp, Constantinople ; A. Guidicy, S myrna ; and E. Muir, Malta.