The Sun. — London, England, 1847-07-06 00:00:00

THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. PORTSMOUTH, JULY 4.—By the arrival of her Ma esty's ship Vestal, 26, Captain Charles Talbot, at Spit head this morning, we have intelligence and papers from the Cape of Good Hope to the sth of May inclusive, on which date there was no later news than that given be low from the frontier. Sir Henry Pottinger intended wintering on the fron tier. The lisfirs still continue their predatory in cursions. (From the South African amomircial Advertiser of May 1.) The intelligence from the frontier this week includes one principal fact, from which the happiest results, God willing, may be expected ; the acceptance, namely, of the command of the Burgher Force by Sir Andries Stockenstrom. This gentleman has again been invited from his retirement in the hour of difficulty by the united voice of the people and the Government. He has well earned the utmost conSdence of both. The enemy also know what they have to expect from him. PORT ELIZABETH, APRIL 21. Our new Lieutenant-Governor, Sir Henry Young, ar rived yesterday, and started for Graham's Town this morning, about eight o'clock, in an ox-waggon, accom panied by his sister,•the widow of Colonel Peake. Pre viously to his arrival he had requested Mr. Montagu to write Captain Lloyd that he wished to be received only as a private gentleman, and not as a Lieutenant-Go vernor, so of course there was no address or anything beyond the visits of a few of the inhabitants. His Honour seems to take great interest in his government, and is very solicitous for information. GRAHAM'S TOWN, APRIL 25. -The Lieutenant-Governor, Sir Henry Young, arrived quite unexpectedly at Graham's Town last evening, alighting at Style's Hotel, where he has taken temporary quarters. His Honour proceeds to-day to Kafirland, for the purpose of having an interview with the Right Ron. the Governor, before assuming his government. He has travelled up as a private gentleman, nor has any address or other communication of an official character been as yet made to him. THE LATE COLLIERY EXPLO SION NEAR WIGAN. The lamentable accident on Tuesday last, at Kirkless Hall Colliery, Ince, near Wigan, we are sorry to say is of a much more serious nature than could at first be ascertained. It was not until parties had been sent sound to the dwellings of all the workmen employed that a correct report could be furnished, and this was not completed until the following day, when it tamed out that six men were missing instead of one, and that rt of those stated by the man in charge of the lamps to b a ne come up could not be found. A. long search was made, under the direction of Mr. Lancaster, during the night of Thursday, for the six missing men. Two of them were found, and brought up at two o'clock in the morning ; two others were brought up at fire o'clock; and the remaining two about eight o'clock on Friday morning ; all of them, as was expected, shockingly mutilated, and presenting the ap pearance of having been dead a considerable length of iime. The following is a corrected return of the killed and _ . injured Dead John Cartwright, of Hindley (dead when brought out of the pit), leaving a widow and three chil dren ; John Berry, of Aspull (died on Wednesday morning), a married man, no children ; John Rhodes, of Itindley (died on Thursday), leaving a widow and five children. Taken out of the pit dead on Thursday night — Joshua Painman, a wife and one child ; James Hirst, wife and three children ; John Harding, alias Holcrott, wife and one child ; Robert Southern, wife and one child ; William Daiutry, single man ; William Jackson, single man. Severely Burnt—John Bolton, not expected to recover; George Evans, underlooker ; Samuel Evans, his bro ther ; Henry Hausen, Henry Whittle, James Wilkinson, a boy ; Henry Ashmore, a boy ; John Riley, Robert Wilkinson, John Webster, and James Belshaw. Slightly Burnt, all expected to recover—Eli Monk, a boy; John Markland, John Mills, Thomas Lurrison, Thonaas - Cawsey, and Samuel Foster, a boy.—Manchester Guardian. THE INDIAN SALT MONOPOLY. (From the Friend of India.) The recent modification of the price of salt and the duty on it was discussed in this journal a fortnight ago, when we alluded to the fact that Government had sanctioned a further reduction of the cost of this article by reducing the duty at the rate of 25 rupees the hundred maunds, or 4 annas the maund. But it inadvertently escaped us at the time to state, that a diminution had also been made of the price of the salt manufactured in the country at the public establishments, varying from 6 to 31 rupees the hundred maunds. The financial prin ciple adopted by Government in the matter of these st-rangements is to levy the same rate of duty on salt of every kind consumed in the country, to add this duty to the cost of manufacturing and storing the indigenous salt ; and to levy it on every importa tion of the article. When, therefore, the period had arrived for revising the rate of duty, the cost of the manufacture was made the subject of inquiry, and it was found, on a calculation of the actual cost of manufacturing and storing the salt of each agency during the last three years, that the expense had been diminished ; and that the salt had been manufactured at a smaller cost than that which was charged to the public in the notification of 1844. The recent notice ) therefore, gives the public the benefit of this economy. The relative saving which has been effected in each agency will be understood by comparing the selling price of each description of salt which lately pre -ailed with that which has now been established— Price. Price. 1844. 1847. THE SUN, Hidgelee 75 Tum look ... 85 24 Pergtmnahs ... 95 Chittagong ~ . 87 Bull ooah 87 Cuttack . . . . 113 ... 100 Balasore 118 87 Khoorda ... 119 ... ... 98 Madras 62 56 It will be seen that in one instance, that of the 24 i'er,gunnahs, the cost of manufacturing the salt has been found to be in excess to that which Government was accustomed to charge the public ; the price has, therefore, been increased 2r. the hundred maunds. It is, of course, well known to those familiar with the subject, to be a part of the plan of Government to keep a quantity of salt always in store, equal to the consumption of from one to two years • on the just ground that if the State for bids the manufacture of salt by private individuals, it is bound to guard .against the remotest chance of a deficiency. The reduction now made will, of course, affect in the first instance the salt now in store, and reduce the price for which it may be sold to the extent of 321 lacs of rupees • that is to say, the stock in hand on t he 31st March, 1847, being equal to 85,94,000 maunds, -die reduction of duty will be equal to 21,48,000 r., Auld the diminution of that which was assumed zs.3 the original cost to 10,96,000 r. If the dquantity of indigenous salt 'consumed in :the country, which has been " estimated at ,50 lacs of maunds the year, is made up from the con trlbutions of each agency in the sane relative pro eon which is exhibited in the salt in store, then ereduction of the selling price of the year's con sumption will be equal to about 19 lacs of rupees -namely, 12,50,000 r. of duty, which is a clear sacrifice ,of revenue, and 6,37,000 r. the reduction which has 'been effected in the original cost of the article. In 'by the reduction of duty on the salt imported sea,it may fairly be assumed that the new tariff will benefit the consumers of salt in the lower pro -Awes to the full extent of about 22 lacs of rupees a yknr. T' the country at large this reduction of the price is a gf,nt blessing ; but we have also to inquire in - what manner it may affect the new interest which has riatql in India, that of the Englis h salt p ro p rietors. The reader mzy not have forgotten that one of the tiaree requ es t, made by 1 the salt deputat ion to the =Court of Directors, mBl5 was that six months' previous intimation should of ldbe:giyen of any prop osed alteration in th e Court promised t o ecat,m ind igeno us salt . local The G w vernment of Cal cutta on the w ith the t h e alteration we have noticedt hasllesubject ; but as now been made v,, it or a hout the previous noticesingle d ay , w e n o,tu rally conclude that re asons of a very imperative c banicter have presented themselves ~,n ce ,,ssion. Indeed, it will naturally suggestagainst this to the mind of any one who looks beneath itself fa ce, that while Government holds a stock oftlr-sur- lacs of maunds of salt in store, any intimation o f its res° lut.€on to reduce the price of the article at th e end of s ix .months would lead to the immediate interruption of all further purchases during this period to a very torsi derable extent, paralyze the traffic of the coun try, ;a nd materially affect the interests of Govern ment by the stoppage of sales, and the welfare of the by the limitation of the supply. The reduc tionpeople of c)sr the 100 of the duty to the extent - • maunds, though .sudden, is an undoubted benefit to the Eng lish impo?ter, because he finds on his arrival in the port that he has a smaller sum to pay Go vernment, for the privilege of the traffic, than he had calculated on. But the sudden diminution of the selling price of the article can scarcely fail to operate to his disadvantage, by the unexpected re duction of his profits; and it is very probable that, in the present temperament of the public in England, this circumstance will afford a handle for a fresh at ..tack on the "monopoly." But those who are interested in the importation of vi, It from England must necessarily perceive that the r et luction of the cost price of the indigenous salt, ho A ,vever it may in the present instance affect the value o f C , - irgoes already dispatched, is a circumstance which the, Y must always bring into their calculations. lin . 'les,' th:v can import salt and sell it to advantage a s the ap ets that article can be manufactured in the coun try,, there is no hope of their ever being able to engag e suc , s ful l y in thi s traffic. This is a broad commerci a l c't fact, which the impositio n of a dut y b y Gov ern m ent can not' the smalles t de g ree affect, whether that dut y be in sma il. We believe it is fully admitted that grea tOl aetare of salt on the part of Government nf the 12'511,-- has no other effect than to enhance its cost, by adding 1 the expense of the agency of the State, which is by no means small, to the price at which the native manufacturer delivers the article to Government. But this circumstance is so entirely in favour of the English importer, that we have been not a little sur prised to find it employed at home as an argument against the so-called monopoly. Those who have taken the field against this system of Government manufacture, under the idea that it impeded the free introduction of British salt, appear to have entirely overlooked the fact that if the monopoly were to cease to-morrow, the profits of the importer of salt would be at once deteriorated, inasmuch as their salt would then be brought into competition with indigenous salt, which, being relieved from the cost of the public es tablishments, would be sold at lower price. Thus, the 24 Pergunnahs salt, the cost price of which is now calculated at 97r. the 100 maunds, might, we think, be sold to advantage in Calcutta at 75r. the 100 maunds, if the manufacture was thrown open, for the Molungees seldom receive from the _ con- tractors more than 50r. The monopoly, as it is de signated, so far from telling against the interests of the importers of English salt, is one of the greatest safe guards of their profits, as it augments the price of the article with which they have to compete ; and the outcry which has been raised against it is only one of those popular delusions which may be safely described as " the madness of many for the gain of a few." Unless the Cheshire manufacturers can send salt to India which shall be able to stand its ground against the lowest price at which the salt can be manufactured in India, there is not the slightest chance of their success ; and all the Acts which it is in the power of Parliament to pass, always supposing the Acts to be dictated by political wisdom and honesty, cannot alter this state of things. But it is in the matter of bonding the salt on its arrival in this country, that we think the complaints of the English manufacturers are just and reasonable, and entitled to consideration. It is here that the competition of the present system of Government manufacture interferes with their expectation, and places them in a disadvantageous position, from which they may equitably demand relief. At present they are obliged to pay the whole amount of I the duty down on the nail, and that duty is more than three times the value of the articles. The present value of money in Calcutta may be taken at 12 per cent. per annum. The duty on every 100 maunds is 275 r., or 33r. a year. Every month, therefore, that the salt remains unsold the cost of every 100 maunds of it is enhanced by the in terest of the duty, to the extent of 2r. 12a. Sup posing it to remain unsold for six months, the price of it would be raised 16r. Ba.—that is to say, if the salt was landed at 80r. the 100 maunds, the mere in terest of the duty would increase its price to 96r. Ba. in this period, before a purchaser could be found. It happens, that the internal traffic in salt has been gra dually monopolized by six or seven great native dealers, who command the market, and alone are able to take off the cargo of a ship at once. Knowing that the profits of the importer must suffOr at the rate of nearly 3 per cent. for every month that he is constrained to hold the salt, they are enabled to a far greater degree than should be allowed to exist to make the importer bend to their terms. The English salt does not, therefore, stand on the same advantageous footing with that which is raised in the country. If, by a fiction of the imagination, we could separate the two-fold character of Govern ment in these salt arrangements, and consider it only in one point of view—simply as the manufacturer, paying duty to the State, the disadvantage under which the importer labours in this competition would be rendered more. apparent. Let us suppose, then, that the Government, as manufacturers, hold 85 lacs of maunds as they now do in store, ready to supply the demands of the market, the capital which has been required to create this article, at an average of 80r. the 100 maunds, will have been 68 lacs of rupees. Supposing the English manufactu rers to have imported and stored the same quantity of salt for the supply of the market, the capital which they must have expended will be equal to 300 lacs of rupees, and unless they can-always procure an im mediate sale, their profits must be deteriorated to the full extent of the difference of the interest on these two sums. Until equal privileges have been bestowed on both descriptions of salt—on that which is ma nufactured by Government and that which is imported—the English manufacturers will have just reason for complaint. We require there fore that the importers should be at liberty to hold their salt in store, with no other loss than that which Government sustains from holding so large a stock in their golahs—that is to say, the inte rest of the capital expended in the manufacture and conveyance of the salt to the port. The Government in Calcutta has now re ceived instructions from England to allow salt to be bonded in the same manner as any other article, and we have the fullest confidence that this measure will be carried out in a spirit worthy of the Government of this great empire,which is anxious to remove every shadow of complaint from the merchants. If after this equitable indulgence has come into full effect—if after the stores of the mer chants, and those of Government have been placed on precisely the same level of privilege, the importation of English salt is not found to answer expectation, or to afford a fair commercial profit, the manufacturers at home must regard it as an indication that India can supply itself with salt cheaper than it can import the article ; and that any application to Parliament to extinguish the monopoly—that is to say, the Government exclusive manufacture—so far from affording them any relief would only render their hopes more nugatory. lAILWAY COMMITTEES. HOUSE OF L ORD S.—(YE STERDAY.) Room C. OLDHAM ALLIANCE RAILWAY. The Committee were occupied during the day with hearing evidence in favour of the proposed line. PETERSFIELD.—Within the last few days, the pre. sent Member for this immaculate borough, Sir W, G. Jolliffe, Bart., has issued an address to the electors, an nouncing his intention of soliciting their suffrages again at the forthcoming election. The number of electors at present on the registry amounts to upwards of 300, a considerable part, more than one-third, of which are tenants of the Hon. Baronet's. It is expected that no opposition will he offered, although a strict watch has been kept in the registration courts ever since the last election, by several professional gentlemen in the Liberal interest, who were deputed to attend to defend the Libe ral voters objected to. It is now quite evident that the influential parties have joined the Whitelock ranks, and left the Liberal portion of the constituency to be repre sented in future by a high Protectionist, also a gentle man of the Bentinek and Disraeli clique. The Jolliffe interest has been predominant in this borough upwards of half a century, but at the election which took place on the 7th of January, 1835, John Cornthwaite Hector, Esq., succeeded in routing this interest, being placed at the head of the poll by a majority of sixteen. He continued to sit uninterruptedly until July 25, 1837, when the present Hon. Gentleman was elected by a majority of one, but was unseated on the 14th of Fe bruary, 1838, by a Committee of the House of Com mons, who declared the petitioner, J. C. Hector, Esq., to have been duly elected, and ought to have been returned. He discharged his duties in a most consistent manner up to July, 1841, always voting with all the leading Radical Members of the House of Commons on every important occasion, much to the satisfaction of his constituents. This part-pocket borough has been severely contested on several occasions ever since 1818 ; and, previous to the passing of the Reform Bill, the present Liberal Member for Carlisle, W. Marshall, Esq., being the highest bidder in the market that aspired to a seat in the Legislature, the then Tory patron, Colonel Hylton Jolliffe, allowed him to be returned, jointly with himself, but on all occasions, when a division took place, both were voting in opposition to each other. We hope soon to see this borough again represented by a gentleman of independent principles.—From a Correspondent. EXPORT OF BRITISH MANUFACTURES. — The value of British manufactured goods exported from the port of London on the Ist instant, was as follows:—Alicante, • 3001.; Aden, 301 .; Adelaide, 4,700/.; Algoa Bay, 6001; Berbice, 60 - , Bombay, 4601 .; Bilboa , 4001. ; Bermuda, ~ 2001.; Corfu, 200/.;_ Cey lon,Calcutta, 2,747/.; Cherbourg,. 165/ - Barbadoes, 1061.; Cape of Good Hope, 1,3911.,• Town, 3, 080 / . Genoa, 101.; Galati, 1,085/.; Deme rara 3001.; Gibraltar, 601.; 250!. ; Canton, 401.; Constantiople, 001.; D . eme- Guernsey and Jersey, 200/.; Hong-Kong., 1001.; Hobart 2,330 /.., Port' Philip, M Lis bon, -too/ • Launceston, 9 9 00 Z ; Madras, 301.; Montreal, 551.; Madeira, 601.. neiro, 1,5001 ; Sours.bay ft , a : 851 Y . dneY, 8,02 Leone, cutta, 601.; Cal- Stettin, . • • 350 1. ; New Zealand, Hamburgb, 1961.; _Jamaica, 1,541/.; Lis s thp, 9501.; Rotterdam, St. Helena, Mauritius, 0/.; Syra and Smyrna, 30/.; Helena and Cal ena, 140 L ; St. i Sierra Leone, ; st.nrih3ll..;. Swan River, 510.1.1hteiq iJna.-. Vincent's, 6001.;. ---" 581-- " • and Canton, 50/1 exported on the let of Ju v l alu 47 620 L; St. Sierra Trieste,Total value 100 t; Trinidad, 500/. ; Victoria THE FELLING COLLIERY T.' S R t. iv J er An l ' S s, a ; of British manufactures sterling. quest on the body of the sixT-xPl)si°l`i was caused by plosion at the Felling Colliery,n sufferers by the recent ex sumed on Wednesday. Mr. ' T. 71:1Gateshead, was re • stated that in his opinion the explo o? the kindling of one of the engine fire s s ion Foster, the viewer, of which gas had accumulated. T h e nfier the b o il er boiler was "smothered" by the engineman beeof under the for the night, and the ..damper" shut to preventl the eaving draught' The ignidon of the coals therefore ori the accident. This opinion was confirmed by sevesal prac tical men, and the jury decided that the explosion w as accidental, coupling with their verdict - • a suggestion that means should be adopted to prevent its recurrence. GLASGOW" PIG IRON TRADE. Our Pig Iron Market during the week has much improved; and a much better feeling now prevails, than has existed for some time. The strike of the miners, which, of late, has been spoken of as likely to take place, h as now taken place very generally, both in Lanark shire and Ayrshire, which must tend to raise the price still further. Our market to-day closed at the following quotations :—No. 3, 655.; mixed, Nos. 665., and No. 1, 67a. per ton, f. o. b.—National Advertiser. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, July 5. The Lord CHANCELLOR took his seat on the Wool sack at Five o'clock. MESSAGE FROM TEE COMMONS. Messengers from the House of Commons brought up several Bills. POOR RELIEF SUPERVISION (IRELAND) BILL. Lord BROUGHAM begged to call the attention of the Government to a provision in the Poor Relief Super vision (Ireland) Bill, by which the Treasury had the power of making the salary of the Chief Commissioner, who was to have a seat in Parliament, what they pleased. By the regulations of the House of Commons the House of Lords could not make any alteration in any money clause in a Bill ; he trusted, therefore, the Government would introduce some new Bill on the sub ject, for it was monstrous for the Treasury to have such power over an important officer. The Earl of AUCKLAND said the attention of his Noble Friend the President of the Council should be called to the subject. BRIBERY. Lord BROUGIIAM gave notice of his intention to morrow to move certain resolutions in order to prevent bribery at elections. MILITIA BALLOT SUSPENSION BILL. The report on this Bill was brought up and agreed to, and the Bill read a third time and passed. TRUSTEES RELIEF BILL. This Bill was read a third time and passed. CORN IMPORTATION BILL. The Report on this Bill was brought up, agreed to, and the Bill read a third time and passed. POOR RELIEF SUPERVISION (IRELAND' BILL. The Committee on this Bill was postponed, as we understood, to Thursday next. CONFERENCE. On the motion of Lord DENMAN, a Committee o the Lords was appointed to prepare reasons to be offered at a conference with the Commons for the Lords disagreeing to one of the Commons' amendments to the Threatening Letter Bill. The conference subsequently took place, and on the return of the Lords appointed to conduct the conference, the Earl of CHICHESTER reported that their Lord ships had left their reasons with the Commons. The Bills on the table were forwarded a stage, and their Lordships adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS. July 5. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition of yesterday.) The SPEAKER took the Chair at Five o'clock. POST-OFFICE RETURNS. Mr. T. DUNCO MBE moved that the returns ordered rom the Post-office on the 14th April be printed forthwith.-11oCon agreed to. EXPEDITION TO CANTON. Mr. BAILLIE wished to ask the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether the late expedition to Can ton was undertaken by the Governor of Hong-Kong upon his own responsibility, or in consequence of in structions which he received from her Majesty's Go vernment; secondly, whether the powers which have been entrusted to Sir:John Davis are of so comprehensive a nature as to justify him in making war upon the Chinese without having received specific instructions upon the subject from the Government. Lord J. RUSSELL stated that the expedition was not undertaken in consequece of any specific instructions from her Majesty's Government, but upon the responsi bility of Sir John Davis himself. NAVY ESTIMATES. Captain PECHELL wished to know whether any alteration had been made in the rate of the pay of pursers and masters in the Royal Navy. Mr. WARD stated that additional sums had been voted for that purpose, and the increase had accordingly been made. BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE. Lord J. RUSSELL then said that, in pursuance o the intimation he had given at an earlier part of the day, he would take that opportunity of stating what course he proposed to take with respect to the Bills before the House. The first Bill of which he would take notice was the Encumbered Estates (Ireland) Bill. That was a most important Bill, and the object and intention of it would, he believed, he most beneficial to Ireland; but from late inquiries on the subject it appeared that very great alarm existed, not particularly as to the special provisions of the measure, but from the contemplation of many of the powers given by an extensive Bill of that kind. It was stated by persons well qualified to speak, and likewise well qualified, if they should think proper, to carry into effect what they said, that several millions of money mortgaged in Ireland would be called in if that Bill were passed.—(Hear, hear.) If it wore an early period of the session he should hope that, upon a discussion, the Bill as it stood would be found so un exceptionable that the alarm might be dissipated. But he did not think that at the present period of the session it would be possible to go into such a discussion as would be satisfactory, and he therefore thought it better to defer the Bill to another session.—(llear,hear.) There was another Bill which stood third in the orders of the day—the Prisons Bill, which he understood was likely to lead to some discussion in the other House of Parliament ; and, as his Right Hon. Friend the Home Secretary did not think that the arrangements mada under that Bill were necessary to be carried into effect in the present session, he should propose that that Bill should not be proceeded with.—(Hear, hear.) Another Bill, which was brought in by the other House of Par liament, was the Custody of Offenders Bill. That Bill had been well considered, and, as the Government thought it a necessary measure, it was proposed to go on with it. There was another Bill, which had been fixed for Wednesday next. It was the Parliamentary Electors Bill, and with respect to that measure he was not then prepared to say what time he should be able to fix for the second reading of it ; he proposed, however, not only to proceed as far as the second reading, but that it should be committed, though he had no intention during the present session of Parliament to carry it be yond the stage of considering it in Committee. As to the Polls at Election (Ireland) Bill, the Navigation Bill, the Post-office Bill, and the other Bills which stood on the order of the day for that night, he proposed to pro ceed with all of them. He also intended to go into com mittee of Supply, if possible, and he appealed to his Hon. Friend the Member for Montrose to assist him in accomplishing that object. The Hon. Member and the whole House could not fail to recollect that the recent attempts of the Government to get a Committee of Supply had been unsuccessful ; that whenever an order of the day stood on the paper for a Committee of Supply, the whole evening was taken up with other sub jects, and no opportunity was afforded the Government to ask the House to pass a single vote in supply. There was a notice of the Hon. Member for Wycombe, relating to the present state of Portugal, which he could not ask that Hon. Gentleman to defer, as he had not yet had any opportunity whatever of bringing it forward; but be might, he thought, request his Hon. Friend the Member for Montrose to postpone the discussion on the claims of the Raja of Setters. While he was ready to acknow ledge that it was quite fitting that his Hon. Friend should have an opportunity of stating the whole ease, and quite fitting that there should be a full discussion of the entire subject on some day in the present session, he did think that, the matters in question having occurred many years ago, it was not necessary—at least, the further discussion of it at the present moment was not urgent. His Hon. Friend might take some notice-day for the purpose; say to-morrow week, a day for which no notice of any great importance stood. He did not admit that the members of the Government were under any obligation to make or keep a House sitting when no Government business stood on the paper ; but this he would undertake to say, that as far as it depended on the Government Members, they would do everything in their power to assist the Hun. Gentleman in getting through with his discussion to-morrow week, and if in that he was not successful, they would give up a Go vernment night for that purpose. At present he thought, considerins , the advanced period of the session, it would be much better to allow them to go into a Committee of Supply that evening, after the subject of Portugal had been dispossed of. He concluded by moving that the House do then resolve itself into a Committee on the Compensation for Damages (Ireland) Bill. Mr. Hump said that he could not consent to postpone his motion, unless the Noble Lord would give him a pledge that he would assist hi,m in keeping a House on that day. CONFERENCE WITH THE LORDS. Messengers from the Lords requested a conference with the Commons on the subject of some amendments introduced into one of the Bills which had been sent up to them. COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES (IRELAND) BILL. On the order of the day being read for going into Committee on this Bill, Lord J. RUSSELL stated that he could not give the Hon. Member for Montrose a pledge to keep a House for him to-morrow. If the Hon. Member would let the matter stand over till to-morrow week, he could have the whole evening to himself. Mr. HUME was sorry to oppose the Noble Lord, but he felt bound to proceed with his motion on the subject of the Raja of Sattara. He hoped that the Noble Lord would not be angry with him for adopting such a course. UNITED STATES' DEBT. Mr. HTJME wished to know whether any step had been taken by this country with respect to the debts due by the United States to this country? Lord PALMERSTON did not apprehend, from the known character and integrity of the United States Government, any difficulty in the settlement of those claims. The House then went into Committee on the Com pensation for Damages (Ireland) Bill. The several clauses were agreed to and the Bill was reported. AFFAIRS OF PORTUGAL. On the question being put for reading the order of the day for going into Committee of Supply, Mr. B. OSBORNE rose to call the attention of the House to the present state of Portugal and the situa tion of our naval and military forces in the country. He thought it was highly desirable that the Noble Lord the Minister for Foreign Affairs should offer some defence for the policy which had been pursued towards Portugal before the close of the present session. On constitutional grounds he regretted the abrupt termination of the recent debat e. It would tend degradetO the House in the estimation of all who were and f avourable to political liberty and freedom, therefore ho felt it to be his duty to revive it. It was clear that broke th° Queen of Portugal had on every occasion n faith with her admitte people, and on all hands it was No ond that her conduct was most unjusti fi a ble. e had thought it attempted to defend it, and he that was therefore the more disgraceful Government should have pursued the course the y went that the y be en urged on behalf of the Govern ment were forced i French Goverhuleut• I? i nto that course by the i 1 11 mg On wir? Wu in tno 104 LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY; 6, 1847. of reading the French papers must have seen that M. p The Hon. Gentleman then proceeded to detail the Guizot had denied the statement. The conduct of France particulars of this oft-repeated narrative. In 1818 towards Portugal was most irreproachable, and it was the Raje of Sattara was placed on his throne, clear from the conduct of her admiral that - France e us an independent Sovereign after the Mahratta war. not the power who urged the necessity or the expe- Nov the charge which he (Mr. Hume) had to make diency of an armed intervention. It was very evident, against the Eest India Company was that the Prince was however, to him that the Noble Lord at the head deposed from his throne without any just or reasonable of the Foreign Department of this country was the dupe cause, and that he was kept in exile, and refused of that great master of modern arts, Louis Philippe, a trial. He then read the extracts from the and that was the individual who was reaping the evidence of four of the British residents at the advantage of all the odium that was being thrown upon ; Court of the Raja to show that his Highness had the country for the part he had taken in the affairs of I always conducted himself in the most exemplary man- Portugal. The Ministers both of-France and Spain re- ; ner, that he had established schools in which the usual pudiated the protocol which had been issued at the in- ' branches of education were taught, and that he had stance of this country. And there could be no doubt done his utmost to improve the character of the people whatever that the Noble Lord at the head of the Fu- and develope the resources of his country. It was un reign Department adopted , the course of interfering , by I necessary for him, however, to quote any authority in means of an armed intervention, with the affairs of For- I proof of this for the East India Company, themselves tugal upon h:s own responsibility, the conduct of the I had in 1835, presented him with a very valuable sword British fleet and military in Portugal was cruel and to show the great estimation in which they held him. unjust. Its influence was directed against a people who Some time after this, however, a dispute arose between were fighting for their freedom, and if that House had I him and the Government of Bombay in refer any latent feeling of justice within its breast, it would ence to certain Jagheer's to which the latter not suffer itself to be bamboozled by the declaration of I laid claim. Various petty charges were then the Minister, but denounce an interference with the trumped up against him and amongst others rights and liberties of the people of Portugal, in that he sought to introduce the Portuguese into India, terms that it merited. Why-, had not Lord and to plot against the British Government. There Howard De Walden and Mr. Southeron been re- was not the slightest foundation whatever for these called, and a man placed in their situation who charges, but even admitting they were true, it was only was totally ignorant of Portuguese affairs?—(Bear.) justice to the Prince that the charges aga inst him, what- Sir Hamilton Seymour from his former connexion with ever they might be, should be investigated, and that he the King of the Belgians, must have been prejudiced should not be condemned without a trial.—(Hear, hear.) against the cause of the Portuguese peopl e , ea st h e ought The very day the sword arrived in India the conspi never to have been sent out on behalf' of this country. racy commenced, and the resident at the Court of the No faith could be placed in the promises of the Queen Prince intimated to the Government of Bombay shortly or her Ministers, and throughout the whole of the part afterwards that he did not believe there was any truth this country took in the proceedings, he could see no- whatever in the allegations that had been made against thing but sympathy for the Crown and an utter disre- him, and yet, strange to say, two days afterwards, the gard for the rights or the people. The greater part of Government of Bombay sent home word to the East the Portuguese trade was carried on with the capital of India Company that the Raja was plotting against the country, and through the agency of British mer- the British Government. Exculpatory evidence chants, and yet the Government were quietly sitting by was also given by other individuals, which the Hon. and allowing the Spanish army to be in possession of Gentleman quoted, yet notwithstanding all this, the Oporto. How long was this country to act as the police Raja was deposed, and every attempt which he subse of a despot ? That question ought to be answered quently made to be reinstated was unheeded, and every before they went into a Committee of Supply, for the entreaty he made for an investigation into the charges, purpose of voting the money to carry on these proceed- and for a fair trial, was systematically refused. The Hon. ings with. The House of Commons might approve of Gentleman, after reading an immense number of docu this interference, but he was quite sure the people of ments bearing on the case, said that the Right Hon. England would not, and nothing would satisfy them but Gentleman (SirJ. C. Hobhouse) had talked disparagingly seeing the rights of the people of Portugal protected and of Mr. G. Thompson, but he (Mr. Hume) could assure defended from invasion. He concluded by moving, him that if he got into the hands of that gentleman he " That, in the opinion of this House, it is incumbent on would find himself in the clasp of a giant.—(Laughter.) the British Government to insure to the people of Per- He would ask if an English Peer had been accused of tugal a full and complete enjoyment of their constitu- the same charges as the Raja of Sattara would he be tional rights ; and also to insure the recall of Count condemned without a trial ? Na y , an English Bomfin and hs gallant followers in exile. peasant would not be subjected to such treatment. He, Lord PALMERSTON said his Noble Friend the therefore, called upon the Government and the House to First Lord of the Treasury had already given a promise accede to his motion, and whether the Raja was guilty to carry out the spirit of this resolution ; and he had no or not, let British justice be asserted, and let him have objection in again pledging the Government of the an opportunity of proving his innocence of the charges country to it. The Hon. Gentleman who had just sat down which had been made against him.--(Cheers.) had correctly stated the incidents of the Portuguese Mr. EWART seconded the motion. drama, and he could assure the House, that had not her On the motion of Mr. HENLEY the debate was ine- Majesty's Government taken upon themselves the task mediately afterwards adjourned. of stage-managers the drama would have been changed RAILWAY (IRELAND) No. 2 BILL. from a farce into a most sanguinary and terrible tragedy. This Bill was read a third time and passed. He would not make the speech he had intended to FISH E R Y, PIERS, AND HARBOURS (IRELAND) deliver during the former debate; but he had no objection BILL. to tell the House this much, that the conduct of the This Bill was also read a third time and passed. Portuguese Government in October last was Most unjust, JOINT STOCK COMPANIES (No. 2) BILL. and the people were justified in rising in the manner This Bill was read a second time and ordered to be they did. They were refused a parliament to settle committed this day (Tuesday). and manage their internal affairs, and they rose for BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY BILL. the purpose of making an effort to secure one. On the motion that this Bill go into Committee pro The interference of her Majesty's Government was forma. directed by the same feeling but while he said thus Lord GEORGE BENTINCK moved that the House much, he must remind the House that, had not the do now adjourn. British Government interfered, Spain would have done After a lengthened discussion on the sitting being pro so, and most likely to the prejudice, if not to the utter tracted so late, in which a good deal of personality was annihilation of the rights of the people. Before her bandied, between Lord George Bentinck, the Secretary Majesty's Government interfered in the manner of State for Ireland, and the Chancellor of the Exche they had done, they tried all they could in the quer, the House divided, when there appeared— shape of entreaty, but their advice was disre- For the adjournment 8 garded, and it eventually became necessary for them Against it to resort to more active and determined steps for re- Majority storing order and peace in Portugal. Some Hon. Gen- The Bill then went through Committee pro forma. tlemen seemed to think that it would have been much The other orders of the day were then disposed of, and better had her Majesty's Government pursued a policy he House adjourned at a Quarter before Two o'clock. of non-interference. Now, these Hon. Gentlemen to be consistent must be averse to every species of interfer ence, and had her Majesty's Government pursued such a policy as that, what must have been the consequence? Why Spain would have marched an army into Portugal, the rights of the people would have been trampled under foot, and the Crown reinstated in its despotic power. Had her Majesty's Government only interfered merely to keep out the Spanish troops, they would have been leaving the interior of the country in a state of anarchy and rebellion. Had not this country had relations with Portugal, by means of treaty, or otherwise, non-interference might have been justified, but here they had long been honourably associated, and, besides that, the interests of the commerce of the two countries were bound up with each other, and therefore a policy of non-interference on the part of this country would have been unjustifiable. Her Majesty's Government had urged the Queen of Portugal to make concessions to her people, but her Prime Minister and Commander-in- Chief resisted these concessions, and her Majesty's Government was, on that account, compelled to inter fere by means of an armed intervention. Everything that thepeople of,Portugal had asked for would be con ceded- to them, and he confidently anticipated that our interference would add to the interest of this country, while increasing the happiness, and increasing the poli tical grandeur, of the people in whose behalf the inter ference, in point of fact, had taken place. The Noble Lord then proceeded to explain that Lord Howard de Walden was recalled at his own request, and in doing so took occasion to pass a warm encomium upon the manner in which Sir Hamilton Seymour and Mr. Southeron had discharged t h eir duties, which the trying proceedings of Portuga l h a d imposed upon them. The acc ount which Count Jarnac gave of the proceedings at U ee'was precisely th e same a s had beenßlue Book up on th e t a bl e o f the House. the Foreign yeTn h pro tocol signed upon th a t occas i on , was o s e. given eia the signed by the Crown of Portugal, with her three allies, and there was, therefore, the strongest possible security that the terms of the treaty should be carried cut. It had been said that the act of this country, in interfering in the affairs of Portugal, was calculated to repress po pular feelings, and assist - the cause of despotism. It was no such thing. The duty of this country was to lead on in the march of civilization, and even to lend a helping hand to cheer its weaker neighbours in the march. It was to England and her allies that the thanks of the Greek nation were due for having shaken off the yoke of her slavery. The kingdoms of the Belgians, of Spain, and of lend Portugal, were all bou n d in gratitude to the arms of Eng, aye, and even the French people were indebted to this country fur having established to them the great ch arter of their li bertiee. He, there fore, n w ta i r t y li allde the indignation con corum.—(llear, hear.) e ernment was t ) put an end to and to bring back the poli hsbitlushort eoe l e doo d stbhj b ee a wde c ,ti t e aohnfd the trth heaer chargelGi a civil ovm war, poli tical struggle to its proper arena —the forum of Parlia ment. The Government had succeeded in this course, and he would leave it for posterity to pronounce its opinion as to w hether the Government had swerved in the least degree to the right hand or to the left, from the fair and constitutional principles of the country. Mr. BORTH. WICK thought that the present difficul ties in the affairs of the Government of this country and Portugal arose, not from the acts of the present Govern ment,but from the inefficient mode in which the affairs of the country had been conducted by the late Govern ment. He did not think that the course of conduct pur sued by the Government in its interference with the affairs of Portugal had been succ essfully terminated. It probably b e f ore th e nex t mee ti ng was his opinion, fou nded on no sh allow information , that o a f t p ra a i ram n li was eo la t idwh ich, wou ld end in the es t a bli s h men t o f th e Duchess de Montpensier as Queen de jure and de facto of Spain.—(Laughter.) Mr. FIUME was satisfied that the Noble Lord bad the opportunity of expressing to the House the principles on which he thought the relations of this country ought to be fixed. He had referred to Greece, and to other coun tries, in corroboration that he (Mr. Hume) protested against the principle. He objected to the principle, because in Portugal the Noble Lord never interfered so long as a chance remained that the authority of the Queen was paramount. But he interfered when the people took arms in their hands, and when they were likely to have these rights acknowled g ed. No ; he onl y interfered when the Queen's authority was likely to be worsted. and when the people were likely to have their rights allowed them. But why, if the although the did not the p p e e o o p p l l e e 's a r rights w e w r e e r e p acknowledged,ardowo why t Ministry enforce upon the Portuguese Govern moot the callin b ac k the exiles from the coast of Africa. Why did they not r elease the prisoners now g confined in Fort St. Julian? Why did they not advise the Queen of Portugal to dismiss her Ministers—to dismiss the men who were so unpopular with the people, and who were ever ready to keep the people from their rights? Why, in the name of all that was honest, should Great Britain be enforced to provide for the Portuguese prisoners now in Fort St. Julian? For these, and other reasons, he entered his protest aga inst the p roceedin g s of the Government. Lord JOHN M A NNERS protested in the strongest manner against th e id ea that the people of En g land were satisfied with th e po li cy o f t he English Governm e n t . Mr. B. ESCOTT hope d t hat his Hon. Friend would not press his m o ti on to a division. Sir DE LACY EV A NS was entirely opposed to t he views of th e H on . M ember f or Montrose on this matter, because his policy the last century. Mr. HORSMAN and Mr. EWART addressed the House. Lord JOHN RU SSELL d e f e nded the conduct of the Government. was different to t hat of Euro p e durin g Lord GEORGE BENTINCK thought the Noble Lord had made ou t no case for the British Ministry. The effects of his poli cy had been to inc rease des p otism in that country. Whil e he con d e mned their interference altogether, he cou ld not he l p as king the Hon. Gentle. man to withdraw his motion on the ground that the Noble Lord had given an assurance that Count B mafin mid his companions should be recalled. Mr. OSBORNE said that he had not a word to say. He understood the Noble Lord (Palmerston) would give directions that Count Bomfin should be recalled from Angola, and he would not, therefore, press his motion to a division. The motion was then, by leave, withd rawn. RAJA OF SATTARA. Mr. HUME then moved for the appointment of a Select Committee, t o i nqu i re i n t o the charges against the Raja of Sattar a , now an ex il e in Benares, and the grounds for his de gradation and exile. He d id n ot reply to the statement w hi ch ha d been made by the Right Hon. Bart. (Sir J. O. H o bh ouse ) when he last brought forward this subject, nor would he take any not ice of the tone in which that st a t ement h a d been made, as he was too long a Member of that House to take notice of every exprema OM allot by itlE i t it the hem of debate. THE WEATHER AND CROPS. The weather, we rejoice to say, is still favourable for the prospect of an early and abundant harvest. One day bright sunshine, and , another cloudy sky and gentle shower stimulate to an active growth. Accordingly, we have to repeat the favourable account we gave last week of the crops in our own neighbourhood. Wheat is now very generally in ear; and oats, in some places, have burst the blade. Both look extremely well. Potatoes are still keeping free from taint. In some places they are so luxuriant that the shaws are meeting across the drills. We hope they will preserve their present favour able appearance. In a few weeks we may expect re duced markets, and thus bring returning comforts to the poor man's household. Where the weather has bee n favourable, hoeing and drill-harrowing of turnips have been proceeded with; and they are also looking strong and vigorous. We had opportunities, last week, of traversing the higher districts of Cuninghame, and were sorry to find in some localities the crops so far behind. While all has been sunshine in the lower districts, cold has pre vailed over heat in the upper—consequently, vegetation is fully three weeks later than usual. The wire-worm has been committing ravages in those districts; but now, since warmth has returned, we hope that it will have penetrated the uplands, and that farmers there will yet have cause to rejoice. Potatoes, which are but scantily planted in the parishes of Dairy and Kilbirnie, are vigorous and healthy. Beans in Cuninghame are splendid, and feathered to the roots. Turnip sowing is almost over. Hay looks well, and will be a heavy crop A very intelligent farmer in the parish of Kilbirnie— Mr. Orr, Lochridge—who showed us his tank fo gathering and preserving liquid manure, can at any time pump the manure into a large barrel and convey it to the fields, where it is applied to top-dressing. He cal culates that the liquid manure of each cow is worth 11. a year. We hope such au approved system will soon become more general, as Mr. Orr avers that his tank is the only one in that neighbourhood. On the farms of East and West Mains of Kilbirnie, the fields are in a very advanced stage. Iu the byre,of the former there is a fine cow, valued at about 301., in the last stage of a dropsical complaint. Mr. Logan lost one about six weeks before with the same disease. — Ayr Observer. FOREIGN SUPPLIES. The following arrivals of cattle, grain, and provisions took place at the port of London on Monday last:—The Ocean, from Rotterdam , broug ht 878 baskets of cherries, 5 baskets of melons, 11 baskets of cucumbers, 574 baskets (a very large quantity) of potatoes, 43 baskets of yeast, several baskets of fish, 159 packages of butter. 9 calves, 30 oxen and cows, and 4 horses ; the Magnet, from Harlingen, 3,132 casks of butter, 896 casks of cheese, 1 horse, 3 bulls, 25 cows, 6 calves, and 42 sheep; the Camilla, from St. Petersburgh, 1,030 bags of flour, 15 bags of general provisions, several bags of hams and other productions of Russia; the Flora, from Skies, 205 quarters of barley; the Alberdina, from Groningen, 460 quarters of oats; the Nicholino, from Alexandria, 2,300 quarters of beans; the Lady Robilliard, from Lisbon, 470 barrels of flour ; the Esperance, from Lakken, 400 quarters of oats; the City of London, from Rotterdam, 9 76 casks of butter, 15,400 cheeses, some packages of fish and poultry, and 124 baskets of cherries ; the Twe Gebroeilers, from Hamburgh, 330 quarters of oats ; the Rachel, from Memel, 1,100 qUarters of oats; the Osprey, from Alexandria, 2,000 quarters of beans ; the Rapid, from R. Aterdam, 8,600 cheeses, 298 baskets of potatoes, 115 baskets of cherries, 64 cows, "27 calves, and 595 sheep, and 24 casks of butter ; the Columbine, from Havre, 102 barrels of flour, 36 packages of eggs, and 456 baskets of fruit ; the Alida, from Logstoer, 250 quarters of oats ; the Arnalia, from Riga, 830 quarters of wheat ; the Eilida, from Nordkiobing, 400 quarters of peas ; the Schawbe, from Memel, 97 tons weight of oil-cake ; the Bertha, from Thisted, 470 quarters of oats ; the Levant, from Stockholm, 300 quarters of wheat, and 300 of oats ; the Fortuna, from Hom merseil, 524 quarters of oats ; the Moslem, from New Orleans, 7,332 bushels of wheat and 4,066 barrels of flour ; the Planter from Dantzie, 900, quarters of wheat ; the Medora from Prince Edward's Island, 1,022 bushels of oats; the Princess Royal, from Hamburg, 50 oxen and 22 sheep, 3 calves, 25 casks of butter, several packages of bacon, hams, and other Han • seatic produce ; the Mariner, from Alexandria, 2,000 quarters of beans, and 350 quarters of wheat; the Vic tory, from Pilau, 700 quarters of wheat and 50 quarters of pease; the Clemente, from Havre, 450 quarters of wheat; the Bareo from Odessa, 1,872 quarters of wheat; the Enterprise, from Alexandria, 700 quarters of beans, 650 quarters of lentils, and 235 quarters of Indian corn; the Duke, from Riga, 1,123 quarters of barley; the Jannet Halley, from Riga, 1,085 quarters of oats ; the Union, from Memel, 230 quarters of oats, and 400 quarters of barley ; the Vrouw Berendina, from Groningen, 485 quarters of oats; the Gertrude from Rostock, 370 quar ters of wheat; the Favourite, from St. Petersburgh, 300 bags of wheat, 83 dozens of tongues, and some packages of Hour; the Henrietta, from Hamburgh, 87 bags of seed, and 600 quarters of oats ; the Earl of Durham, from Odessa, 2,650 quarters of barley ; the Sarah, from Per nau, 855 quarters of oats; the Prudence, from Stettin, 914 quarters of wheat; the Hoffaung, from Carolinenseil, 537 quarters of oats ; the Soho, from Antwerp, 386 baskets of cherries, 20 of fish, and 18 oxen; the Favour ite, from Caen, 152 cases of eggs; the Mountaineer, from Hamburgh, 128 oxen and 376 sheep; the Vrow Rentje, from Logstoer, 290 quarters of oats; the Anne Christine, from Faaborg, 670 barrels of barley; the Admiral, from Itiga, 2,100 quarters of oats; the Esther Frances, from Alexandria, 2,356 quarters of beans; the Horatio, from Havre, 2,260 barrels of flour; the Burton, from Dantzic 710 quarters of wheat ; the Princess, from D an t z i c , 1,250 quarters of wheat; the Auriga, from Emden, 470 quarters of oats; and the Hebe, from Cavallo, 1,300 quarters of lalian corn. A letter from St. Petersburgh, of the 19th ult., says :—" In many parts of the empire there have been fires, which it unfortunately appears were wilful. At Kyschew, in the government of Kijew, 51 houses have been burned down ; at Kalatsh, government of Worensk, 93 houses ; at Swolianka, government of Tschernigof, 235 houses an,l a church. In the last-named town four persons perished in the flames. In the government of Witepsk the serfs of several large domains have revolted, and after pillaging the mansions of their lords, compelled them to take flight. The armed force assembled to re duce the rebels to order." The King of Prussia arrived at Breslau on the 26th, to inaugurate an equestrian statue of Frederick the Great. Among the guests who have recently been enter tained at Robert Peel's hospitable manor of Drayton, are Sir James and Lady Graham, Lord Lincoln, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Tootal, Captain Carnegie, &c, CENTRAL CRIMINAL ;COURT. _of no trivial import, that a change should be made in OLD COURT. 1 the management of our public highways. Our streets in These sessions, the ninth of the present Mayoralty,com- ' winter are clogged with mud, and in summer resemble menced yesterday before the Lord Mayor, the Common the th,erts for oth,t, aka):, slippery and easy—a valu- Sergeant, Aldermen Wilson, Hughes Hughes, Sidney, able manure is suffered to remain on them, becaus, it is Sir Chapman Marshall, the Sheriffs , &c. the dut y of no one to keep them clean. The parish re- The grand jury having been selected and sworn, ceives so many hundred pounds per annum, from a The Comstost SL:RGEANT, in the absence of the Re- scavenger for the privilege of collecting as much as he corder, delivered his charge to them. The calendar con- can take with a very little labour; and as profit, not tained the names of no less than 135 prisoners, although cleanliness, is his object, the streets are always in a filthy not more than twelve days had elapsed since the termina- state. In London, as in Paris, every housekeeper should tion of the last session, and the probability was, that be compelled to sweep the pavement before his house that number would be increased to 170 or ISO before the early in the morning, and the scavengers should termination of the session. Most of the charges in thoroughly cleanse the roadway each day. There are the calendar were of an ordinary character, but there were many other improvements to be made in our social state, several of the cases to which he wished particularly to which would materially benefit the population. Instead refer. There were three persons charged with rape. of, however, deman ;ing Legislative interference, the peo. le seem determined to thwart all endeavours of the Go - Henry Wyatt and Isaac Whit e were char g ed with P a rape on Sarah Lavin, and if her evidence was vernment. First to Exhibit this bad spirit, is the Corpora correct, a worse case against both the prisoners could tion of London. Foul and foetid as the City notoriously hardly exist. There was another charge of rape against is, with scarcely a house free from noxious smells, the Samuel Pritchard upon Matilda Langton. All the in- citizens would fain have us believe that there is not a gredients of rape would probably be brought in evidence more sweet, wholesome place, under the canopy of before the grand jury. Incases of this kind juries in general Heaven. No sooner is a Government measure proposed expected, and reason demanded, that there should be than the Aldermen, scarce one of whom resides in the evidence of cries at the time, and immediate complaints City, raise an outcry, and the City is to be exempt from after; but all cases in criminal courts must ever depend the operation of the Government plan. As the City on circumstances. In the present instance the object rejects purification, so every other town strives to be of the attack was little snore than a child, only allowed to remain dirty, until none are found who care just turned fourteen years, and threats and fears to be made clean. might have induced silence. It was, however, he A singular instance of the bigoted opposition which thought a case that ought to be placed before even educated men will evince towards sanatory improve a judge and jury. There was then a charge against ments, came lately under our notice. The Chymical a person of the name of Edward Fox of threat- Sewage Manure Company, which is formed to work out ening to accuse a man of an infamous crime, the ingenious patent plan of Mr. Higgs, for intercepting the object and intent being to extort money. Such the sewage water from the Thames, and converting it charges as these were of a most serious nature, and the into manure, in applying for their Bill in Parliament, safety of the community required that an investigation experienced much opposition from the Dean and should take place, in order that, if proved, such Chapter of Westminster. The Company, it ap offences might be severely punished. There were pears, was desirous to erect works, and to use a several cases in the calendar of cutting and wounding sewer in Westminster. On applying to Dr. Buckland, with intent to do grievous bodily harm. This offence, the Dean, to know the reason for his opposition, he can he was sorry to say, was of late greatly on the didly confessed that he had opposed the Bill, without increase. It was right that he should iuform the knowing what Mr. Higgs' plan was, and whether in grand jury that it was not necessary that the reality it would be a nuisance or a benefit! He had cutting should be with a sharp instrument—wound- never inquired, and did not care to know, what ing with any instrument was sufficient to con- the plan was, and without first informing him stitute the offence. The charge against Isaac Cannon self that (as the truth is) the adoption of his plan was a case of this kind. He was an inmate of Shore- would ease the sewer, improve the drainage of the ditch workhouse. Great violence had been repeatedly parish, and be no nuisance whatever, he opposed and used by him, and it was in his opinion desirable prevented a trial in Westminster, leaving the company that the case should be brought before a jury, that they to make Bermondsey the corpus vile of their experi might determine whether he was or was not of unsound ments. From scientific Dr. Buckland, the geolo mind, as in the one case he would be punished, and in gist, this could hardly be expected; had the public the other taken care of in a proper manner. treated his effusions in a similar manner, There was a charge against William Trade and Edward where now would be his fame ? From an or- Harris of stealing and receiving. The pawnbroker, Mr, dinary Dean, such conduct would not be sm.- Richardson, had dose himself great credit by sending prising ; from a scientific and withal liberal author, for a policeman, and detaining and giving both prisoners better things might have been anticipated. It may be into custody. These prisoners were committed confidently hoped that, notwithstanding the interested (observed the Learned Judge) on the 21st of opposition of the bigoted, and despite the apathy of the June, by one who hath finished ;his course. public, a strong Government may be able to carry an Mr. Rawlinson was a magistrate to whom those con- effective measure for the better preservation in all towns netted with this Court were ever greatly indebted. The in the kingdom, of that most precious, but most ne depositions taken before him were all of one character— glected jewel—Human Life.—The Patent Journal, clear, concise, to the point. " Not slothful in business," he looked neither to the right nor to the left. The rich and the poor alike found in him the same firmness and resolution the same integrity and mercy. Ever " ready to every good work," justice was administered with judgment. His loss will not easily be replaced. It is not often we find united in one mind simplicity, decision, probity, charity, and religion. The Learned Judge (who was deeply affected during the latter part of his address) then re mitted the grand jury to the discharge of their duties ; and the remainder of the morning was occupied with swearing in the petty jury. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, JULY 5. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Ambergate, Notting ham, and Boston, I. l ‘ dis.—Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, 1 dis.—Blackburn, Clitheroe, &c., dis. ex int.—Ditto, Preference, 3 p. ex int.—Chester and Birkenhead, 401q—East Lancashire, New (scrip), par— Edinburgh and Glasgow, 70—Ditto, Quarters, 17%—Glas- , gow, Paisley, and Greenock, Preference, 1 / 2 p.—Huddersfield Canal and Railway, 2% p.—Ditto, Extension, ys p.—Lei cester and Bedford, 1 / 13 dis.—Liverpool, Crosby, and South port, 1% p.—London and North-Western, 180—Ditto, New, Quarters, 11% p.—Ditto, Quarters (G. J.), 18 p.—Man chester and Leeds, Fifths, 5 p.—Ditto, 32/. Shares, 1% p. — Ditto, Halves (late L. and B.), p.—Ditto, Fifths (late West Riding Union), Os. 3d. p.—Blanchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, Eighths, I'4 dis. ex int.—Manchester and Southampton, 171 4 dis.—Midland Stock, 129 1 4—Ditto, New, 4 1 4 p.—Newcastle and Berwick, New, 3 p.—North Staf fordshire, 3 p.— Shrewsbury and Chester (late N.W.M.), p.—Ditto, New, 2% p.—York and Newcastle, Prefer ence, 4 1 / p.—Northern of France (Constituted), 2 5 8 p. ex int. TILE SCARCITY and HIGH PRIG. OF MUTTON. 'From a Wiltshire Correspondent of the Sherborne Journal.) Under the present circumstances, without taking into consideration the possibility of some additional causes, acting in conjunction with that now existing, there is no prospect either of an increase of supply to meet the fearfully rapid increase of the population of this country, or a reduction of prices. on the other hand, the main at tributable cause is more and more evident—almost in every market, and at least every fair an augmentation of prices ensues. The writer has directed his attention to this subject, for a considerable period, and finds that among the farmers there is now a prevailing custom to have what is called, " a dry sheep farm," that is, to graze ('Pegs principally) on artificial food—say oil cake for instance, and this for two reasons—the chief of which is, that sheep fed on oil-cake produces manure of a very strong character—the effect of which may, for several seasons, be traced to the very inch. The other reason is, that the land can be otherwise employed when not re quired for grazing purposes. Now, saying nothing of the other causes of scarcity, which may also be partly traced to disease—there is then a prevailing custom in full nine parishes out of ten, which will, if it cannot be prevented, have a most injurious tendency on the community at large. In order to keep prices at a standard, so as to place this nutritious food within the reach of all classes, the number pro duced should increase in proportion more rapidly than the population, because provision should be made for a drawback produced by the havoc of disease. It must here be remembered that artificial food which produces this excellent manure, cannot be used for fattening pur poses. The writer has made diligent inquiry in many parishes in Wiltshire, a county proverbially excellent for ' its grazing downs, and finds the result to be, that the number of lambs bred in 67 parishes the last three years has been 34 per cent. less than in 1844 I ! and this ! while the population of the country has been increasing ' at more than 400,000 daily. This prevailing custom in Wiltshire extends to the neighbouring counties, and it is to be feared is national. SANATORY MEASURES. There are men to be met with in the world, who, possessing high intelligence, have, nevertheless, the mis fortune to labour under a species of mental delusion, which never tails to manifest itself whenever allusion is made to a certain subject. There are some who enter tain the most extraordinary opinions in religious matters, whilst altogether rational on other topics. Again, many a man distinguished for talent will be found to have such peculiar political ideas as almost to amount to insanity. Converse with such a one on general topies, and he will be found to be a sensible man, but should the cranky string be touched, the harp will at once be out of tune. These idiosyncracies are not confined to in dividuals—each nation, each age, has its own. Our present national idiosyncracy is a hatred of all so cial sanatory measures. Talk of commercial matters, on scientific progress, on literature, and none can be found more sensible, or well-informed than the English; the proposal of sanatory measures will be certain, how ever, to disturb the equanimity of the whole nation,—the most ridiculous notions will be willingly entertained, the most strenuous opposition made to the contem plated improvement. To embody the national sen timents on this head in a few words, would be to express an opinion, that "if we can get plenty to eat and to drink, what more do we want—that if a graveyard is in the middle of a crowded city, it has been there for years, and nobody was ever the worse for it—that the Thames water is as sweet now as ever it was, and our forefathers drank it without finding fault that the sewers discharge into it— that crowded alleys and lanes without drainage always did exist, and always will exist, to what use then making a fuss just now," with divers other important reason for leaving things as they are. Nor is John Bull to be argued out of his notions about social evils—he exhibits not merely a sullen dogmatism, but an active spirit of opposition. He d ec l a r es his health to be very good— his house to be very clean—his rivers unpolluted—andlit say and the drainage of towns he p ro nounces excellent; 9 yet what man of observant mi nd, will e h x e c sita e te n to that England does not require great social ameliora tions? Look at the state of any large town or city— the imperfect drainage—the detective water supply— the horrible graveyards—the poisonous miasma—the unhealthy habitations, and who can doubt that legisla tive remedy is imperatively required? There is one class of inventions which is always heavy in the market, and unprofitable to the inventor—we mean fire-escapes and life-belts. No house is furnished with the one, and no sailor thinks of the other. Life is to be protected in either case, and who thinks his own to be in danger? rue, after a dreadful fire and loss of life, some few " nervous" persons will inquire for an escape; no sooner, however, is the danger forgotten, than the protection is also abandoned. Much similarity of con duct holds with respect to the social state of,,England, which is a reproach to a civilized country. Go where you will—among the habitations of the wealthy, or the rookeries of the poor—travel from city to town—from county to county—and the same evils present themselves. Intra mural interment, the fruitful source of disease is still permitted. The dead are suffered to poison the living, to pollute the atmosphere, to carry fever to the dwellings of the poor. The abolition of city burials should be the first of sanatory measures; all churchyards in towns should be closed, and planted with trees, and cemeteries provided at proper places. Religion and decency, as well as health, require this. Universal drainage in cities is the next thing required. There should be alley, no lane, without an effective sewer, into whip ., all houses should discharge their soil. No cesspo e fi &c., should be suffered to be open ; the gully - lnkos should be properly trapped, to prevent the emission of noxious vapours, whilst provision should be made that at high-water-level the mouth of the sewer should not be stopped. The control of sewers should be vested in a Government commission, or, at any rate, in one general board; not, as at present divided into sections of opposite interests. The sewer commissioners, at present, are mere dispensers of jobbing patronage and public money. Another most important want is the better supply of water. Without cleanli ness the people can never be healthy, and the restricted supply of water denies this cle4u/iness to hundreds of un fortunate individuals. Whe‘vo water can only be obtained from a great distance, the labour of fetching it prevents its tree use. We have often remarked how ill the poorer quarters of the towns are supplied with water. In poor streets a pump is seldom visible, many have been removed, but none are replaced ; whereas, in the richer auarters of the town pumps eie abundant—we could name more than one square wherein are two pumps. Parishes should be compelled to sink artesian wells in poor neighbourhoods, and monopolising water companies be regulated in their charges. We believe that two thirds more than the present quantity of water could be usefully employed, was there a proper supply. Not the least among the required improvements, is that of compelling factories to consume their own smoke. This could and would be readily done, were it made imperative—it is a disgrace to the science of the age, that huge chimneys should vomit forth their volumes of carbon, to blacken the atmosphere, to destroy our lungs, and to waste profusely a valuable fuel ? It is MANCHESTER, JULY 5. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Ambergate, Notting -112.1n, and Boston, 1 5-16 dis.—Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, 0.4 dis.—Birmingham and Oxford Junc tion, 7 1 A p.—Blackburn, Clitheroe, &c., Preferentials, 3 11. 16 p.—Eastern Counties, York Extension, 1 / 2 dis.—East Lan cashire, New (scrip), p.—Edinburgh and Glasgow, Quar ters, 17%—Huddersfield and Manchester Railway and Canal, 2 11-16 p.—Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester, 43i p. —Man chester and Leeds, 321. Shares (late Extensions), 5-16 p.--- Ditto, Fifths (late West Riding Union), A p.—North Staf fordshire, 3 1 / s p.—Oldham Alliance, par—South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4, 3-16 dis.—South Yorkshire, Doncaster, and Goole, v i dis.—Wharfdale, 15-16 dis. LEEDS, JULY 5. STOCK EXCHANGE. —The sales are—Ambergate, Notting ham, and Boston, 255. dis.—East Lancashire, New, Bs. c. dis.—Ditto, New, 2s. 6d. s. p.—East and West Yorkshire, l', n. dis.—Great Northern, 1% dis.—Huddersfield and Manchester, 2% p.—Leeds and Dewsbury, 5% 4 p.—Leeds and Thirsk, 13x s. dis.—Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland, 245. 6d. dis.—Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle Junction, 1% dis.—Malton and Dritfield Junction, 14s. 3d. dis.—Man chester and Leeds, 321. Shares, 6s. p.—Ditto (West Rid ing Union), 6s. p.—Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and Mid land, ss. c. dis.—Newcastle and Berwick, New, 2/. 19s. p.— North British, Extension, 3s. p.—North Staffordshire, 35. p.—North-Western, 275. dis. HULL, JULY 5. STOCK EXCHANON.—The sales are—Blackburn, Clitheroe, &c., Preference, 3 p.—North British, Quarters, 94s.—Ditto, Extension (scrip), 2s. 9d. p.—North Staffordshire, 3 1 , , 3 p. SHEFFIELD, JULY 5. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Ambergate, Notting ham, and Boston, 1 1 4 dis.—Manchester and Leeds (West Riding Union), 6s. p.—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln shire (Grimsby and Sheffield),7l dis.—llitto (Sheffield and, Lincoln), 555. dir.—Midland, N ew , 4 1 4 p.—Newcastle and Berwick, New, 3 p.:--A . lanchester_and Southampton, 'A dis. EDINBURGH, JULY STOCK EXCIIANGE.—The sales are—Ayr and Gamy* 50s.—Dundee and Northern Junction, 31s. 6d.—Dundee and Perth, Quarters, 675. 6d.—East Lothian Central, 405.—Edin burgh and Northern, I Is. 3d.—Ditto, New, 77s.—Great Northern, 91s. 6d. ex int.—North British, New, Quarters. (scrip), 15s. 9d.— Ditto, Thirds, 55s.—Shrewsbury, OswestrYs and Cheshire, New, 225. 6d.—East Indian, ss. GLASGOW, JULY 3. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Ayr and Galloway, 455. —Caledonian, New, 425. 6d.—Dundee and Perth, 32% East Indian, 55. 9d.—Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr, Halves, No. 2, 6%—Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, 5/. 10s. 6d.-- Glasgow Harbour Grand Junction, 3s. 61—Great Southern of Madras, 2s.—Manchester and Southampton, 16s.—Ditto. New, 24s.—North British, New Quarters (scrip), 16.._York and Newcastle, Preference, 12%. STATE OF . IRADE.—The cotton hosiery trade, especially in the cut-up departments, is in the same state as previously reported, and many hands have been out of employment more than two months. That this does not arise from any foreign competition, is evident from the state of the worsted hosiery trade of Leicester, in which England has nearly the monopoly of machine wrought hose: there the distress is so great that the public offices and private houses are literally besieged by beggars.—The drawer branch is much better than the cotton hose department, though both are made from wide frames. This is a great relief to Nottingham, 2 5 it is the principal seat of this manufacture.—The cotton. glove branch, which is very extensive in the vicinity a this town, is in a much better state than the silk.—The silk hose trade, whether plain knotted or fancy, is very' drooping, and may be considered in some quarters hag extinct.—The fancy bobbin-net trade is still very dug as respects demand. The stoppage of a London house in the lace trade, whose liabilitit s are said to amount to 70,0001., has not improved matters. We are glad, how' ever, to perceive, in more quarters than one, that the spirit of improvement and exertion is reviving, and vr.,,, 65 have seen some spe c i mens o f l ace that we think ivtl3, have a tendency to renovate t h e character of plat a nti straight-down nets, and the change will be beneficially felt by the trade at large. There is yet a large field for improvement, and we rejoice to perceive that the, spirit of despair, amongst the inventors and mechanic* is passing away, and that hope, mixed with fortitude, succeeding the gloomy feeling of despondency which has prevailed for nearly two years.—Nottingham Review. A letter of the 27th, from Berlin, says—" It iS* rumoured that the Emperor of Russia has resolved to place here a very considerable sum of money—sores accounts say 11,000,000 and others 15,000,000 ailnre't rubles. It is asserted that this loan will not be matt*, to the Prussian Government, but has been offered '. O the King personally. The importance of this ;set - w in not escape any one who has followed the ree, l it I nc id en t s of our internal politics. It is not useless, to ;tad that a per sonal lean to the King is not a n extraordinary expenses oceasi ( -Ivi thing; when th e , " J ri Europe in 1830 e x h au st e d the, e( 1 by the state of Tr',asury, the King Per" sonally contracted a loan of, 10 :000,000 thalers." On the 2d inst., at BIRTHS. ";Ciapton-terrace, Mrs. Blomfieid Bur' nell, of a daugb:cer, On the 2d inst.. i><t Little Holland House, Kensington, the lady of Li autelittnt-Colonel Irvine, C. 8., of a son. On the 3tt ;:nst., at Albion-grove, Barnsbury-park, Islino ton, 11Irs. Planer, of a daughter. On ~tl ' 'a 3d inst., at Eaton-square, the Lady Claud Harail' tan+ a daughter. , Jn the 24th ult., at Buttevant Barracks, Cork, IrelatiOr the lady of Captain J. E. Robertson, 6th Royal Regimen t, of a son. On the 24 inst., at Chatham House, Ramsgate, the wife ( 3 ,f the Rev. C. H. Godby, h ea d master o f t h e grammar sc h o ol, Henley-on-Thames, of a son. MARRIED. On the 19th ult., at Trinity Church, Marylebone, Mr. E l • Brown, of Tring, to Esther, only surviving daughter of tl.O late James Field, Esq., of Berkhamsted, llerts. On the 29th ult., at St. George's, llanover-square Alfre d A Stevens Erwin, Esq., o f B ognor, to Em i ly M a i tland, second daughter of Captain Addison, Hon. E. I. C's. Service. On the 30th ult., at Ashford, Middlesex, ChristoOle r Browning Emmott, Esq., M.D., of Hounslow, to Caroline, youngest daughter of Robert Finch, Esq., of Ludlow. On the Ist inst., at St. Mark's, Kennington, George Mile* Esq , of Lee, Kent, to Fanny, youngest daughter of the let* Edward Augustus Gibbons, Esq , of the Wandsworth-road: On the lst inst., at Nowton Church, near Bury St. - ,(1 " . munds, the Rev. llenry Bunbury Blake, to Frances Mariano only daughter of Henry James Oakes, Esq., of Nowton Court. DIED. On the 2d inst., at Chepstow, James Jenkins, Esq., aged 7 4 * On the 2d inst., Valek, second soil of Mr. J. Davis, or' geon-dentist, Pall.4nall. On thu 2d inst., Elizabeth, relir.t of Robert llawkes, Esq" of Norwich, aged G 7. On the 3d inst., at Church-I%in, Haslemere, James William Smith, aged 21. On the 3d i ns t., at Shad. i l ewe ll, W e st hackney, Mrs. Ma r l Ann Coils, w id ow o f t h e late B. Coils, Esq., aged 83. On the 3d i ns t . , at Ank-parade,Preston, Jane Hall, t he wife of Joh n Cunliffe,s" an., Esq. On the 3d inst.., at loucester-place, Portman squar e, Frances, widow of L. Bazalgutte, Esq., aged 79. -- lig strand, Printe r, London : Printed and! Pu b lished by MUIIDO YOUNG, of N0.,..,„ct of the Sav, -- I. , Y, ill '.L1.0 County of Middlesex, Tuesday, Juit at if; i e Sun Office, No. 11!, Strand, in the Pre.--6, 1847, ; i :, }- Thl wlth 11 ts, , Muir also t teresl AsE Th, at thi Dorm: Dolic: Tb oillec be fo Mar pren Prot akar of ti ter 03118 Ricl Wil Eth The Jan Rot Tat( and like Fui 650