The Sun. — London, England, 1817-07-30 00:00:00

NUMBER 7769.] ARMY CONTRACTS. Treasury Chambers, Commissariat Department, July 23, 1817. NOTICE is hereby given to all Persons desir ous of Contracting to supply BEEF and MUTTON to Dia Majesty's Land Forces in Cantonments, Quarters, and B arracks, in the under-mentioned Counties and Places: — Bedford, Berks (including the Town of Hungerford), Ber wick, Rocks, Chester, Cornwall (including Scilly), Devon, Dorset, Durham (including Holy Island), Essex, Ciloucester (inCluding the City of Bristol), Hants, Hereford, Hertford, Mums, Isle of Man, Isle of IVight, Keut, Lancaster, Lin- Middlesex, Monmouth, Norfolk, Northampton, Not jugllans, Oxford, Rutland, Suffolk, Surrey, Su .sex, War wick, Westmoreland, Wilts, York, City of Ely and its Vici bity, City of Carlisle and ditto, Town of Derby and ditto, Town of Leicester and ditto, TOWII of Wolverhampton and ditto, Town of Dudley-and ditto, Town of Shrewsbury and ditto, Town of Taunton and-ditto, Town of Newcastle and ditto, North and South Wales, and in the several Counties North Britain. ''bat the Deliveries are to commence on and for the 25th day o f September next; that Proposals in writing, sealed up sad narked, 66 Tender for Army Supplies," will be received at this Other on or before Monday, the 25th day of August (but none will be received after Twelve o'Clock on that day), and if sent by Post, the Postage must be paid. Proposals lutist Ise made separately for each County and Island, except for the Counties comprising North and South Vales, all of which must be included in one Tender ; as also inuSe the several Counties in North Britain; and each Pro posal mast have tine Letter which is annexed to the Tender properly filled up, by two Persons of known Property engag ing to became biiund with the Party tendering in the amount stated in the printed Particulars, fur the due 'crformance of the. Contract ; anti no Proposal will be noticed unless made on a printed Tender, and the Prices expressed in words at length: and • should it so happen that during the Continance of the Contract no "1 . rAops should be supplied under the Con tract, the Expellee of the Contract alit Bond, paid in the first instance lay the Contractor, shall be refunded to him. Particulars of the Contracts may he had upon application at these Chambers, between the hours of Eleven and Five; and at time Office of Deputy Counuissary-Gcneral Young, Edinburgh. MR. OWEN'S WORKS. THIRD EDITION ESSAYS on the FORMATION of the HU MAN/CHARACTER. 'Third Edition, —Au ADDRESS to the. INHABITANTS of NEW LANARK, on opening the Institutiou for the Forma- Cut of Character, January 1, 1816. Second Edition.—OBSERVATIONS on the EFFECTS of the MANUFACTURING SYSTEM. -In the Press; —REPORT to the Committee of the Associa tion for the Relief of the Manufacturing and Labouring Poor, laidbefoic the Committee of the Honse of Commons on the Poor Laws. • . • • Also, A FARTHER. DEVELOPMENT of the PLAN con tained in the REPORT, w th ANSWERS to OBJECTIONS; to which is added, an Account of the Effects produced apon the Female Prisoners iu Newgate, by the applicationita Prac tice of these Principles ; carried into execution by Nhs. FRY, atia other Benevolent Individuals of the SOCIETY of FRIENDS. Also, now first re-prinftd from a scarce and valuable Tract, "PROPOSALS fur raising a COLLEGE of INDUSTRY of all useful *IAL)ES and HUSBANDRY; with Profit to the Rid., pleotiful Living for the Poor, and a good Education fur Youth ; which will be an ..Advantage to the Government, lr the Increase of the People and their Riches." Published by John Rel!ers, in Le w% Viso, A BR!EVSKETCH of the RELIGIOUS SOCIETY of PEOPLE called SHAKER', ANIF;RICA ; exhibiting t he pecnriary Benefits of conihined Labour and Expenditure for Xtutual Advantages, during a Period of Half a Century; coin irninivateo to Mr. OWEN - by W. S. WARDER, of Philadel phia, OPie of t he Society of Friends. Also, GROUND PLANS and LANDSCAPE DRAWINGS, exhibiting - a View of some of the intended EsTABLISI-It S ; with a detailed Account of the numerous benefi cial Effects that will arise in Practice, horn the peculiar Ar rangements proposed. Printed fur Longman, Hurst, Bees, Orme, and Brown, Paternoster-row. RUPTURES CURET . ) AT THE MEDICAL HOARD. consequenee of the extensive practice of -IL the Medical Board,.at Charlotte House,, Blackfriars road, Drs. COOPER, MUNROE, and CO. have, for the accommodation of patients residing at the West. end of the Town, established another Medical Board in Woodstock street, Oxford-street, a few doors from Bond-stree4 where a Physician and Surgeon ; , Members of the Royal College of London, of thirty years experience, constantly reside. That th - ousatids hate been restored to perfect health 'by their united talents is indisputable, after Hospitals. had failed, malty of whom had been great sufferers from being impro perly treated by persons ignorant of the profession. Erup tion-6 on the head, face, and body, ulcerated throat, swel lings in the neck, nodes en the shin bones, cancers, stric tures, 'fistulas, pail's in the head and limbs, and nervous ity, are the consequence of an ill-cured contagion, and which symptoms frequently appear years after, and . destroy domestic happiness. Messrs. Cover, Munroe, and Co. are consulted daily at Loth houses, Or by-letters from she country, stating particu lars, when medicine and the best advice will be sent to all parts of the hingdom. There are shle doors at each loose, and private rooms for females. Advice gratis on Tuesday, Thursday, and Sunday mornings, until twelve o'clock. LOCK AND SURGICAL DISPENSARY. His Royal Highness the DUKE of YORK, President. sttitut;o l, : — Mr. - Kiernan, Member of the Royal College, London. GovERNORS — EarI of Egremont, Earl of Leitrim, Hon. Col. J. Barry, M.P. John Latouche, M. P. rrmHE Royal anti Noble Patrons of the above I INSTITUTION, for the exclusive Treatment of VE NEREAL COMPLAINTS, and their dangerous consequences, in order to insure the benefits that have resulted from it, se lected Mr. KIERNAN as its Surgeon, (standing high on the list of the Royal College) from having directed his chief at tention to those diseases. It is the misfortune of Patients Under such complaints, to be ton often the dupes of illite rate Pretenders, who practise on the credulity by'impnsing titles and specious promises. Against this class (of late so numerous and dating) , Mr. Kiernan conceives it a part of his official duty to caution the Public, by * pointing to the List of th e Royal College, published in Feb; nary 181 e, as the only sure guide, and that em assertion of Persons assuming such titl e s, and publicly advertising them, without being sane tiooecl by this List, are to he credited. The annual reports of the Lock Dispensary will prove, that some of the most dangerous cases of Strictures, Debility, and other supposed inc ura bl e affections of the Generative Organs, have been here radically and successfully treated; facts NN bleb require no hackne,ed testimony o f aifiiavits t o 'p rove, but the most re - spec,talile Medical evidence. Mr. KIERNA may be consulted as us ua l, b y b ot h S exes, N at his h ouse , 21, Lower Charlotte-street, Ledford-sqUare, , there Letters front T ow n and Cou n t ry are to be addressed, and the necessary Advice and Medicine w ill b e given, or . • Sent, to, any part of the United Kingdom. Just published, price 4s. Second Edition, Practical Ob servations on the above Diseases,,by F. Kierna n , an d may b e had at No. 174, Fleet-street, No. 20, taternoster-row, and No. to, Crown-court, 504(. 0 . . 4*, 04, - .4.. • t APUBLIC MEETING is to be held at the CITY of LONDON TAVERN on THURSDAY, the 14th of August next, at Twelve &Clock, when those inter ested in the Subject will consider a PLAN to RELIEVE the COUNTRY from its PRESENT DISTRESS, to RE-MO RALIZE the LOWER ORDERS, REDUCE the POOR'S RATE, and GRADUALLY ABOLISH PAUPERISM, with all its degrading and injurious Consequences. ROBERT OWEN. This Day was published, in 3 vols. 12 no. Price 11. Is. USEFUL KNOWLEDGE ; or, A Familiar and Explanatory Account of the various Productions of Nature, Mineral, Vegetahle,. and Animal, which are chiefly employed for the Use of Man. Illustrated with nu-' merous Figures, and intended as a Work both of Instruction and Reference. By the Rev. WM. BINGLEY, A. M. Author of ac An i mal Biography," &c _ . . _ London : Printed for Baldwin, Crlido'cli, and Joy, Pater noster-row; and Darton, Harvey, and Co. Graceciiurcl►- street. Prom the LONDON GAZETTE, July 29, 1817. July 16,1817. His Royal Highness the Mince Regent bath been pleased, in the name and tin the behalf of his Majesty, to grant unto Field-Marshal his Grace the Duke of Wellington, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, &c. &c. &c. his Ma jesty's Royal licence and permission, that he may accept and wear the insignia of a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Sicilian Military Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit, and also of a Knight of di s c Royal Sicilian Order• of Saint Jannarins, which his Majesty the King of the Two Sicilies has been pleased to confer upon bls Grace, in testimony of the hi , -;11 sense that Sovereign enter tains of his distinguished merits and brilliant achievements : and Ills Royal Highness bath been further pleased to command, that the said Royal concession and declaration be registered in his Majesty's College of Arms. - • . Commission in the Warwickshire Regiment of Militia, signed by tire Lord Lieutenant of the County of Warwick. James Pritchett, to be Captain. Commissions in the Market ltaisen Troop of Yeomanry Ca valry, signed by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Lincoln. John Thomas Dixon, Esq. to be. Captain; Man Henry• Vane, Gent. to be Lieutenant; Samuel Cropper, Gent. to he Cornet. Commissions in the Dungleddy Corps of Yeomanry Cavalry, signed by the Lord Lieuienant,ot the County of Pembroke. Morgan Rice James, Esq. to be Cornet; Thomas Robbin,• Gent. to be Quarter-Master. Cr ° o wn- Qilice , July 2g, 1817. Member returned to- serve in this present-Parliament. Borough of Harwich.—The Right Honourable NiciLoliti Van sittart) Chancellor of his Majesty's Exchequer. WEDNESDAY JULY 30, IHI7. BANKRUPTS. Joseph Slipper, Crostrvick, Norfolk, carpenter, to surrender August ts, 19, AO September 9, at tuur, at the Rampant. Horse lon, Norwich. Attornies, Messrs. Sewell awl Blake, Norwich, or Mr. Tilbury, Falcon-strcet, Falcon-square. Patrick Lynch, Liverpool, woollen-draper, August 11, 12, and Sept. 9, at twelve, at the Geurge Inn, Liverpool. At tornies, Mr. Windle, John-street, Bedford-row, or Mr. Phillips, Liverpool. Joseph Biddle, Birmingham, factor, . August 12, 13, and Sept. 9, at four, at the Woolpack Inn, Birmingham. •Attornics, Windle, Julia-street, Bcdford-row, or Mr. Webb, Bir- wingham. William Griffiths, Beaumaris, Anglesea, currier, August S, 9, and Sept. 9, at eleven, at.the White. Lion Inn, Chester.— Attornies, Messrs. Philpot and Stone, Hare-court, Temple, or Mr. Finchett, Chester. William Grecn, Lloyd's Coffee-house, underwriter, August 2, 16, and Sept. 9, at ten,. at Guildhall. Attorney, Mr. Lindsay, St. Thomas's -street, Southwark. George Elliott, Woudchurch, Kent, butcher, August 5,9, and Sept. 9, at eleven, at Guildhall, London. Attorney, Mf, Reilly, Clement's Inn. Jamit Weldon, Castle court, Budge-row, warehouseman, August 5, 12, wid Sept. 9, at twelve, at Guildhall. .Attor nies; Messrs. Walker and Rankin, Old Jewry. Michael Abrahams, Miirories, merchant, August 5, at twelve, 16, and Sept. 9, at eleven, at Guildhall. Attorney, Mr. Abraham, Jewry•street, Aldgate. William Lee, Plymouth Dock, Devon, ship-chandler, August 5, at twelve, 23, and Sept. 9, "at eleven, at Guildhall, Lon don. Attorney, Mr. Ingold, Jamaica-row, Bermondsey. DIVIDENDS. Aug. 19, W. Birch and J. Lucas, Fleet-street, paper stainers—Aug. 19, J. E. Hoolboom, Union-court, Broad street, merchant—Aug. 23, M. Gaze, Mitcham, brewer—Aug. IV, J. Phillips and J. B. Phillips, Mortlake, ironmongers-- Aug. 18, W. Birley, jun. Langton, Lancashire, innkeeper— Aug. 12;1'. Arnold, Rochester, grocer—Aug. 19, L, and J. Phillips, High Holborn, glass-merchants—Aug. 19, A. M. Pereira and H. Castellain; Old Bethlem, mei•ehants—Aug. 20, J. Hawkridge, Knaresborough, Yorkshire, maltster— Aug. 23, G. Price, Threadneedle-street, hat dwareman—Aug. 20, C. Hawkridge, Knaresborough ; Yuri:sl)4e, cattle-dealer — Aug. 23, R. Abbott, Coirentry, mercer—Aug. 19, It. Haines, Scott's-place, Islington, wine-cooper—Aug. 2, R. Machell, Dewsbury, innkeeper—Aug. 5, J. Angell, Reading, draper— Aug. 23, F. Euchmarch and 'l'. H. Rush, George-street, Minories, merchants—Aug. 22, C. Morrall and 1. Borland, Liverpool, merchants—Aug. 29, J. Land, Wakefield Out wood, Yorkshire, twine-spinner—Aug. 26, S. M. Bethinan, Turnwheel-lane, Cannon-street, merchant—Aug. 28, J. Brennan, Upper Russell-street, Bermondsey, felimonger— Aug. 2, W. Woolcombe, jun. St. Michael's-alley, insurance-broker—Aug. 2, T. Butt, Ralston, stock-broker — Aug. 2, D. Maitland, New Bridge-street, merchant —Aug. 19, .1. K. Malleson, Sweeting's-alley, bill-broker — Sept. 2, T. Evans, Monmouth, mercer—Aug. IS, P. Weston, Bilton, Warwickshire, innholder—Sept. 8, G. Hull, sen. Hillmorton, AVarwicl , shire, fellmonger. CERTIFICATES, AUG 19. G. Holditch and W. Hannah, Bankside, Surrey, coal-mer chants—C. Lunn, Tamworth, Warwickshire, butcher—W. Hawkins, Bicknell, Warwickshire ' farmer—H.. Hooper,, Frotne-Selwood, .Soluersetsbire, cabinet-maker—J. Rhodes, Stockport. cotton-manufacturer—R. Hodgson, Bishop-Wear mouth, Durham, baker—C. Murray, Bath, stationer—R. Lane, jun. Norwich, bookseller—W. Swift, Stavely, Derby shire, grocer—M. Calauni, Bridlington-quay, Yorkshire, waster-mariner—M. La Porte Mcrae, Old Jewry, merchant. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. Charles Lyne and Co. of London and Liverpoolr--Robert Underwood and Richard Caller Lift, of WisbeA St. Peter's Cambridgeshire, grocers—Samuel Rutterford and William Gibbins, of Croydon-street, EdgeWare-road,buildersltobert Fairclough and James Willmott, of Liverpool—Charles Needham, and G. Evans Aubrey, of Liverpool, merchants —Robert Houseman and John Lawton. 01 York, wine-mer chants—John Burr and George liallisat, of Grace-church street, map-sellers—Thomas Hubball and Ed: Hubbell, of Clerkenwell Close, japauners—Richard H. Cooke and James S. Plumbe, of Liverpool, solicitors—John Byers arid Henry Bradberry, of Bolton le Moors, cotton manufactures—lobo Waterhouse and John Rawlins. of Carey street, Lincoln's Inn, law-stationers—Wm. Woolley and John e:thick, of Dowgate Does, Has-manufacturers--John Hunt . and John Wilson; of Leadenhall-street, ship insurance brokers. 4, , \ rifli i .P////// .;,,,,,, K ;,tovir r--__, ±i .. f , ;',.'• 7 ' .7 :„.", i ft 7 Pi'v\ \ * \ '' / 4 ; \\\ . , . - . . t -....,,- . ...„, . - .1 , 6, • 4 4 0., ..i , '4 l -e- + . t.'5.46. ~,,,•›* ,-: ..,...,, -,,,,.. . ..„...„5t . ~ ~ e . -.Ma. • 1 e •4. 4 , . i - g -4 7: 1 0 [PRICE SEVENPENCE. 05 it continue the habit. The first step adopted in that ease, was to convince the parties, when sober, of. the advantages they would derive front having the temptation removed ; which, when attempted in a mild and proper spirit, was never difficult to accomplish. The next step was to remove the . temptation ; and then the evil itself, with all its endless injurious consequences, ceased altogether. The whole process, when completely understood, is simplicity itself, and may be easily carriLd into practice to the fullest extent, by those who pos sess the usual ordinary talents, and society vortld rapidly improve without any retrogression. But while the notions which have influenced tl►e con duct of mankind up to the present period shall • prevail and he acted upon, society cannot sub stantially and permanently improve. These no tions confine the eAtention to effects, and, from. want of useful inquiry, lead to the conclusion, that the causes fro►tt which they redly proceed,. . . however injurious, n not be altered or controll ed by man. Under such notions the world is now governed. Facts, however, prove, that the reverse of these notions is true let men there for:e attend to facts, and to facts only, and it will be obvious, that they can with ease remove the real causes which create bad habits, errors, and crimes ; and without difficulty replace them with other causes, the certain effects of which would be to establish generally throughout society, good habits, correct sentiments, anda kind, charitable, and virtuous conduct, free from the prejudices That would create unkind feelings, and thence ren der them unjust to those who had been taught to differ from them in opinion. It must therefore absolutely follow, that. to attempt to improve mankind on any other principle whatever than by a close, at:curate, and undeviating attention to facts, is as absurd and unavailing as to expect that the most barren soil and sterile climate shall spon taneously produce abundance ; as to expect that a full and steady light shall issue from the dark est ahvss ; or that man, immersed in ignorance, surrounded by every vicious temptation, shall be. better, wiser, and happier, than when trained to be intelligent and active, amidst circumstances only which would perpetually unite his interest, his duty, and his ieelings. While, then, we per mit the cause to ;main that must leave ni4nkind in ignorance, that must create 'in them intempe rance, idleness, uncharitableness, vice, crime, and every evil passion, and at the same time expect or wish them to become the reverse,—there is precisely as much wisdom in such expectation, is to imagine, contrary to all the experience of the world, that effects shall no longer continue to fol• low their natural causes. To inflict, therefore., upon men pains and penalties for having vicious qualities (more unfortunate for themselves than others) which are produced in them by the exist ing circumstances, is to act upon notions devoid of every pretension to sound judgment and ra - - tionality. Q. Has all your practice been founded upon these principles ?—A. Yes : and the results have not once disappointed my expectations ; on the contrary, in every instance, they have exceeded my most sanguine hopes. It is not, as it appears to me, to any natural superiority of mind,• or early acquired advantages •(for I possess none), that my success in these endeavours can be attri buted ; but solely to the accidental circumstance of being enabled early in life to see, in part, the important benefits that would result to society from .the adoption of the principle of prevention ; and acting uniformly upon the well-known fact, " that human character is always formed for, and not by, the individual." Q. How many complaints have been brought before you by the inhabitants of New Lanark, in your capacity of a magistrate for the county ? A. Not one for many years past. Q. Having turned your attention to the sub ject, to what causes do you attribute the distress existing among the poor and working classes ? A. To a misapplication' of the existing powers or production in the country, both natural and arti ficial, when compared to the wants and demands for those productions. ).luch of our natural,. power, consisting of the physical and intellectual faculties of human beings, is now not only alto gether unproductive, but a heavy burden to the country, under a system too which is rapidly de moralizing it ; while a very large part of our ar tificial or mechanical agency is employed to pro duce that which is of little real value to society ; and which, in its act of production, entails innu- r merabie evils of the mot afflicting kind, at the present time, upon the producers, as well as upon a very large part of society ; and through the'm to the whole of our population. Q. Does your experience enable you to suggest a more advantageous application of these proJtic rive powers ?—A. It induces me to say that tlicy may be applied more advantageously for society, and for the individuals ; that they may, with ease, be so directed as to remove speedily the present distress of the labouring poor, and gradually carry the prosperity of the country to a point meet' higher 0)141 it has ever yet attained. Q. How can this be done ?—A. By formiag well-digested arrangements to occupy the appar e nt surplus of the labouring poor, who are copipetent to work in productive employment, in order that they way maintain themselves first, and after wards contribute to bear their proportion of 'the expeuces of the State. Q. Do the means exist by which employment could be given to the unoccupied of the working classes I—A. It appears to we that the country possesses the most ample means to attain this 'ob ject, it they were called into action. Those means consist of land unemployed ; land ithtpera tectly cultivated ; money employed unprofitably ; manual powers of labour demoralizing, and TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. London, July 25, 18177 Stn,-•=- - As a meeting is intended shortly te, be held to take into consideration a plan, which I have proposed, to relieve and roporalize the poor, and the unemployed of the working classes, I fed it incumbent on me, previously, to put the public in possession of a gteater development of the principles on which it is -founded, in order that the details may be afterwards more fully compre hended. An• early insertion, therefore, of the following, will promote the object of, Sir, your obliged, 49, Charlotte-street, Portland-place. R. OWEN. It is generally known and acknowledged, that from obvious causes greater distress exists among the poor and working classes than they have ex perienced,at any former time. The country, how ever, possesses the most ample ti►eans to relieve their distress, and a plan has been proposed by me to enable either the Government, parishes, or individuals, to put those means into practice. The plan has been also gener►lly circulated, and many objections, as it was anticipated, have been made to it by those who are theorists only, or who are wholly unacquainted with the kind of practice requisite to give them any useful know ledge On the subject. Many misconceptions also exist respecting the details, which some of lively, and others of gloomy imaginations, have fancied belong of necessity to the plan. To meet the ob jections of the first in the most direct manner, and to obviate the misconceptions of the last, I have arranged the subject in the form of questions and answers. The principles and plan are now more fully be -fore the public. If the former contain error, or the latter be impracticable, it becomes the duty of many to expose either. If, however, the plan shall prove, on investigation, to be correct in principle, to be easy of practice, and that it can relieve the poor and unemployed of the working classes from the grievous distresses and degrada tion under. which they stiffer, it becomes equally the duty of all who profess to desire the ameliora tion of the lower orders, to exert themselves without farther delay to carry it into execution, in order that another year of extensive and un necessary suffering and demoralization, from the want of a sufficiency of wholesome food and pro per training and Anstruction, sball not uselessly pass away. Q. Arc you the principal proprietor of the works-and village of New Lanark, and have you the sole direction and superintcntiance of them ? A. Yes. - Q. How long have you had the management of that establishment ?—A. Eighteen years in August next. Q. Of what decription is the population of New Lanark ?—A. Of manufacturers of cotton thread chiefly ; but also of iron and brass-founders, iron and tin. smiths, millwrights, turners in wood and metals, sawyer's, carpenters, masons, tilers, painters, glaziers, tailors, shoemakers, butchers, bakers, shopkeepers, farmers, labourers, surgeon, ministers of religion, instructors of youth, male and female, superintendants of various depart inents, clerks, and policemen ; forming a mixed society of trades and work-people. Q. Had you any experience among the work ing classes before you undertook the maoagemcnt of the works at New Lanark ?—A. Yes, 1 super intended large manufacturing establishments in Manchester. and its neighbourhood for about eight years preceding, in which great numbers of men, women, and children were employed. Q. What has been the chief object of your at tention during the number of years that you have had so many persons under you care and super intendance i—A. To discover the means by which the condition of the poor and working classes could be ameliorated, and 'with benefit to their employers. Q. To what conclusions have you come upon this subject ?—A. That the situation of these classes may be easily greatly improved ; and that their natural powers may be far more beneficially directed for themselves, and for society at large, Lwithout creating injury of any kind to any class, or to any individual. Q. Have you generally succeeded in improving the condition and moral habits of those who have been under your care ?—A. Yes ; and with even fewer exceptions than I anticipated, considering the obstacles I had to encounter, with.the nature of the influence which I possessed to enable me to overcome them. Q. What were those obstacles 2--A. The igno rance and ill-training of the people, which :►ad given them the habits of drunkenness, theft, f►lse hood, and want of cleanliness ; with opposition to each other's interests, SeCiar , tli4 feelings, strong national prejudices, both political and religious, against all attempts on the part of a stranger to improve their condition ; to which maY he added, the unhealthy nature of their emplo) went. Q. On what leading principles did you act so as to remove those obstacles ?—A. On the prin ciple of prevention solely : instead of wasting time and talent in considering an endless variety of individual .effects, I patiently studred the causes producing those effects, exerted myself to lenitive them, and by thus acting, .it appeared that the same time and talent, when employed tinder the system of prevention, • could produce results very touch greater than under the system of coercion and punishment. For instance, in the case of habitual drunkenness, it appeared to toe useless to apply to the individuals who bad been taught to acquire the practice of intoxication to desist from it, while they remained surrounded by the circumstances that perpetually tempted thew to