The Sun. — London, England, 1840-08-18 00:00:00

EV ENING EDITION. LITERATURE. 1 SEVILLE AND ITS VICINITY. Black and Armstrong, London, 1840. We carnet better describe the • nature of this volume, than by the following extract from the author's preface :—" The work now presented to the pulilic contains an examination of almost all the convents and public buildings which existed in Seville during the last century, with their most re -1 markable contents in the present ; some notice being taken of the troglodyte habitations of the Alain. The miracles of Catholic images are re corded to show the gross superstition of the faith f lul in former times." From this brief summary of • 1 The contents of the volume before us, it must he • evident t o every one t h at i t a ff or d s li tt l e or no l scope for literary criticism ; artists and lovers of 1 a rchitectural antiquities—such as Mr. Britton, Whose enthusiasm exhibits itself in the expansive t and expensive form of folios—may perhaps find r some entertainment in the accounts of the principal Public buildings, monastic and otherwise, of Seville; and readers of a caustic turn of mind will doubtless r b e as much diverted with the author's details of some of the Catholic miracles, as with Gibbon's 1 °lasted ) sketch of the Homoousion and Honzooision, Which agitated the schoohnen of Christendom for a 10 many years ; e,r that perplexing question " How r . many thousand rebels can dance on the point of a needle, without jostling each other ?" which one of t he gravest theologians of the middle ages discussed d with as much earnestness and subtlety, as if the sub e ject Were one of infinite religious moment : Readers )1 B °ol as these, may possibly be amused with some i t portions of. Mr. Standish's work, which has at 1 ' least the merit of being tersely and unaffectedly 6 :wt itten ; but it will, we fear, be caviare to the 0 e s nPralitv, even although the author, by way of o. it I , ac ling to the attractions of his volume, has consi ot m erately prefixed his portrait to the tide-page. 0. --- ALISON ON POPULATION. SECOND AIRTICL.N. If w e venture again to beseech attention to Mr. Alison and his book, it is from a conviction that principles of ,population are of the utmost im- I ) °rtance. They lie at the foundation of all accu rate political science. In this we agree with Mr. Alison, who says, " population is the great spring °f human affairs—the moving power, which from the earliest tunes has forced on the multiplication the species, from which alike the progress, and the happiness, and the sufferings of nations have ' t aken their origin." If he had stuck to that view a " r mighout, we should have found much more to : Raise than to censure in in his work. But he has ; b . i ntgled discussions on the principles of popula -441 with an immense variety of extraneous matter, 4° , 4 has forgotten them to debate on themes with which, from being daily discussed in the newspapers, he is more familiar. In pointing out the importance of these prin. ' ei Ples, it was not necessary for Mr. Alison to cast stone at political economy. He does not under ttand it. Th e sc i ence o f wea l t h i s t h e sc i ence o f human subsistence, and therefore also the science of Population. The accumulation of much wealth in the hands of individuals, as Mr. Alison has shown : 3f the accumulation of much land, is equally as in jurious to the progress of national wealth, as to .the prog ress o f popu l at i on : an d wea l t h b e i ng a v e ry measurable substance, it is better to treat "t it than to treat of population, to whose welfare it is an unfailing index. The remarks on the science of wealth, with which Mr. Alison begins his work, reflect more discredit on his ignorance than on the science he seeks to depreciate. • , We are much puzzled, after an attentive con aideration, to ascertain what is the main principle o f Mr. Alison's work. He begins with a chapter " 011 the increase of mankind in the early times," and 3‘ q• uotes authorities to show that in the first stages of society it is very slog'—that parents seldom rear more than two children to maturay—that as man learns ht , ,w to tame cattle, or enters into the pastoral state, • circumstances are more favourable to the multipli . cation of his numbers ;" that the employment of agriculture is still more favourable to his increase ; and then Mr. Alison proves in the next chapter, 4) -that the labour of one man in agriculture is suffi cient to nourish more than himself ; from all which ''.4everal circumstances it is plain, and ought to be plaint o Mr. Alison, that the sp r i ng o f p o p u l at i on ' Zomes snore powerful as men advance in skill and ,0 0 : vv i r l i tlge, and can by their labour produce more S (4 their families. • ish ow ij . el l) too, is, according to Mr. Alison's own I ng, the fact. He takes our own country as e , ' ex ample. In fifteen centuries from the date of TMefirst hist or y, h e sa y s , t h e num b e r s of th e p eo pl e forree hardly tripl e d, while within the last half cm= "41. "e population has been doubling itself in 3 ' -t wo years. He shows that a similar fact is f ▪ the Scotland ; that the rapid increase of people United States, who commenced the cultiva hi„,,,,,..°4 of thei r f orests w ith all.the advantages and re 741tees of r civilized life, is unexampled in the his ' t tb i l l of man, and is a strong contrast to his condi 11°° in the ruder ages of the world. There is, i ctwe ver, a different series of observations, scattered rough many parts and pages of Mr. Alison's ,„ ° ,,, °k, to show that in the infancy of mankind the r u g of population is stronger than in its min i:o; that this is wisely ordained, to enable the nl• an race to overcome the difficulties of their ...° ll , °ranee ; that in the progress of society there tae checks which limit the principle of increase m • all thes e o b serva ti ons are di rec tly con t rar y t o th e adv anced h e h as esta bli s h e d, th a t p o p u l a t ion h as "zinced more rapidly as society has grown older. Such a contra di ct i on i n pr i nc i p l e fill s t h e b oo k with Contradictions in detail. The theory dis covered is 1809, shun " the author bad just ter 11:inated his phil oso phi ca l s t u di es ," th a t " the power Polyalation was greatest in the infancy of the when it is evident, " that it was only in the ra pid increase of their numbers that the means of Ove rcoming the numerous difficulties by which man surrounded,"was contradicted by all the facts that "" author afterwards learned ; but he wanted either t a gacity to see his error, or courage to renounce t l_• The former is most likely, for it is impossible (14 so wordy a writer as Mr. Alison should be a Clea r thinker. From this opposition he has filled almost every page of his book with contradictory remarks, derived from these two very opposite and C ontradict or y p r i nc ipl es . th It is of great importance to discriminate between these principles and theories, and to establish the 4,,• ante one. We adopt the facts which Mr. Alison • d others have collected ; and, looking at the ac to 4 progr e ss of population as far as history may 1) e relied on—taking our country for the example, •and noticing that from the time when Julius Caesar l i mided i n Britain till the tenth century, the popu tenth century it required 500 years to double ; Sat the close of the seventeenth century, or in 0 years, it had doubled ; that in the eighteenth teotury, according to the best writers, it doubled in 80 or 90 years ; and that in the nineteenth cen tury it has doubled in 40 years, or a little more— . we conclude that the spring of population, mea -: lc in the th e ac tu a l i ncrease o f man ki n d, acqu i res force the progress of society. If we extend our • remarks from England to the United States and to our own colonies, the doubling of the population 14 them in the half of 40 years fully confirms the conclusion. Mr. Alison's observation on the increase in America is worth quoting : 1 4 ,'We a re i n f orme d b y M. Toquev ill e t h at t h e popu -4n of the basin of th e Mi ss i ss i pp i, th e richest part of America, has increased thirty-fold in the last forty t l i Tos, while during the same period the whole popula the Western of the United States has tripled. The increase in r apid that provinces of America is probably the most c!Pl . (1 that was ever known on the face of the globe. It u for outstrips the utmost possible multiplication of 1 1 , man beings from their own powers of increase, and .11.0 mainly owing to the prodigious horde of immigrants m the European States, and the old settled maritime Provinces of America. Nevertheless, not only is there n° defici enc y o f su b s i stence felt to provide for this cner . 111 8 os incre ase o f h uman beings advancing, not as the guar s but as the cube of time ; but the accumulation of - • subsistence from the labours of the cultivators has been e so grea . t . that out of their immense surplus pro % vast cities and innumerable villages have arisen, 1 1,(1 Cincinnati, Louisville, and other towns on the uhio, and on the Mississippi have, during the same Period, mult i pl i ed above a hundredfold, an d, in tact, risen from obscure hamlets into splendid capitals." Of the actual populousness of the ancient world, a bout which so muc h h as b een wr i tten, and of the length of time which was required before Egypt and Assyria contained th e ir p resume d millions, we x t ,': °NY very little. It i s k nown , i ndeed, that „ r e art of e numera ti on was t h en very imper 4eet--that in many of the numb ers , weights, and measures handed down from . antiquity there bd . bad of!: t he del g THE AIN,. JLONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST M I 1840. are gross errors; and there is great reason to believe that the myriads of men of which Mr. Alison has collected the accounts. were, in most instances, lumping exaggerations. Pronouncinrs, however, no positive opinion on them, we icier to them merely to remark that, with that exception--- if that were an exception—the general rule, as de duced from the actual progress of population in Europe and in America, if not in the whole world, since the beginning of the Christian era—the ge neral rule is, that the spring of population becomes mote powerful as society advances—that every increase of the species, instead of being an obstacle, as is supposed, to their further increase, has in fact facilitated it ; so that every successive generation has increased more and faster than its predecessor. That is. the deduction from Mr. Alison's own facts ; his theory is that the spring of population is most vigorous in the infancy of mankind, and is weakened in their progress. There is another aspect under which the question may be viewed. We have looked at the actual increase of mankind—Mr. Alison may mean their power of increase, the preereative faculty in the mate end the fecundity of the female. In savage life the parents rear only two children ; but the supposition or the assertion is, that they beget a great many more. Pair for pair, it is asserted or implied that the spring of population in this sense is greater in the hunter than in the pastoral state—in the pastoral than in the agricultural—in the agricultural than in the state of many mixed occupations in which we now live ; or, in other words, stronger in the man and woman grubbing amongst rotten wood for norms as food, and exposed to all the.severities of the weather in savage life, than in the man and woman abundantly supplied with food and shelter in the towns of the United States or of England. That assertion appears to us as erroneous as the other, and the greater procreative power, as well as the greater fecundity, corresponds with that ratio of actual increase in the species which we have brought under notice. The spring of population in this sense is stronger amongst the civilised in habitants of the United States than it was amongst the savage tribes which, three hundred years ago, hunted and fished where cities now stand. We are not, however, establishing a system—we are only showing Mr. Alison's contradictions and ignorance, and whether •he mean by the principle of population the increase of the species or the procreative faculty, he is equally in error and equally contradictory, in both recognising the ac celerated ratio in which population has increased as society has advanced, and in contending that it increased most rapidly in early times, and that the power or operation of the principle diminishes in the progress of society. Besides this false theory of a diminishing opera tion of the principle of population as society ad vances we are at a loss to discover, so vague are Mr. Alison's sonorous periods, what are the main prin ciples of his book. The second chapter is en titled " On the fundamental relation between popu lation and agricultural subsistence." The object is to show that the power of production in our society, and in agriculture, is greatly superior to the power of population ; that the soil is here only in part brought tinder cultivation, and that a great portion of that is very imperfectly cultivated ; that not only here, but in every other part of the world, the soil is not half tilled, and that millions of acres are everywhere yet untouched. The inference from all which is, that the territory of the United Kingdom alone might maintain with ease and comfort 180,000,000 human beings ; that all the rest of the world might be conveniently peopled up to the same density ; and that the vast unpeopled, or half peopled, wastes of the world require nothing but human beings, which they in vain invite, to till them. That is the substance of Mr. Alison's second chapter ; and we find him in the third stat ing "that the difficulty which becomes most press ing in the advanced periods of society, is employ ment to engage, and subsistence to feed, the multi tudes who are continually brought into the world." At many other places he speaks of a redundant population, of the lower classes multiplying faster than subsistence, and so becoming degraded ; while, if his fundamental relation of population to subsistence be well founded, no such thing could happen, and the deficiency of employ ment, the want of food, the redundancy of population, must all be referred to some vicious institutions like the Corn-laws, of which Mr. Alison is a defender, and should be carefully sepa rated from the " Principles of Population," so that tl7e miseries of society may be properly ascribed to its faulty legistation, not to its Divine Creator. Like a great number of other reasoners, Mr. Alison, after laying down one proposition slides into another, without being aware of the change. If his chapter on toe fundamental relation between population and agricultural science mean anything, it means a natural relation which would exist if all the impediments to the prosecution of agriculture and the cultivation of land were withdrawn. In his fourth chapter, " On the circumstances in the progress of society,which limit the demand for labour," he departs altogether from this natural relation, and , takes up the actual limitations to the demand for la bour caused by the peculiar appropriation of the soil which prevails, by a vicious system of fiscal regu lations, by a great national debt, and by a variety of other factitious circumstances, and assumes that the actual limitation is the natural result merely of the progress of population. The error of this view is plain from this circumstance, that the demand for labour here has been increased by the growth of people across the Atlantic. On the principles of population merely, the demand for labour must be co-equal with the demand for food, or with the in crease of population ; the demand for labour being necessarily first limited by the demand for sub sistence. Every body knows, and no one, we presume, better than Mr. Alison, that our present social condition has grown out of a state of slavery which formerly existed in Eng land, and of which vestiges remained till the great Revolution. Of that state, the limited de m And for labour, or the demand of masters for what servants can supply, is a consequence. Society, how evil., is now, and has been for some time, struggling !,o throw off those consequences. Now, Mr. Ali son's error is, that he assumes them to be the natu ral consequences of the progress of society, anti so confounds artificial restraints, which are felt to be onerous, with the laws of nature, which arc known to be wise and beneficent. In a scientific work, treating of a natural relation, we require that it should' be traced throughout ; hut Mr. Alison mingles the regulations of man with the laws of God in such admirable confusion, that it is difficult to separate the two, and to know when he is dis, cussing a natural law, and when an artificial regu atiou . ABINGDON.—In the afternoon of Monday In two young men proceeded from this town to a place called " The Ferry Boat," about a mile distant, for the purpose of bathing in the Thames. One of them, Win. Mountain, a fine youth of IS, son of the late Mr. Moun tain, of Cirencester, and one of the Coroners for Gloucestershire, and nephew of Mr. Neale, of the Lion Inn, in this town, having undressed before his companion, plunged from the head of the ferry boat at the place above alluded to into the water, which is there at all times very deep, and at that moment rendered more so by a " flash," but a very short interval had elapsed from the time of his getting into the water when the attention cf his companion, a youth named Henry Burden, was at tracted towards him by his struggles, but only one 'of the hands of the unfortunate young man was above water, and that only for a moment, when he sank to rise no more. Burden was ,linost paralysed by the frightful fate of his friend, as well as being unable to tender him assistance, as he could not swim. The melancholy circumstance was soon spread through town, and several excellent divers with the drags hastened to the snot, hut their efforts to find the body were unremitting until it became dark, and they were obliged to relire unsuccessful. At an early hour on the following - morning, their exertions being re newed, they succeeded in raising the body from a depth of 17 feet, and about 20 yards from the place where the young man first got in. An inquest was held on the body the same morning. before E. Coweher, Esc , Coroner, when evidence to the above effect being adduced, the Jury returned a verdict of Accidental Death.— Oxford Herald. QUICK 'FAA VELLING.—A gentleman who cline passenger in the Royal Mail Steam-ship Britannia from Boston travelled, between the 18th of July and the 1 4th of August, by " canal, stage, railroad, and steam boat," not less than 5,921 miles, or at the rate of 2194 miles per day. —Liverpool Albion. WORCESTER THEA TRE.—Braham has ap peered for the last two nights before Worcester audiences, or rapier half audiences; for, notwithstanding the attrac tion of I:i3 great name, added to that of a very efficient company, orchestra, and other inducements, there have been but meagre and scanty houses. FUNERAL OF MR. RICKAIAN.—The remains cf the late Mr. Rickman, Assistant-clerk of the House of Commons, wereinterred yesterdaymorning in St. Margaret's church-yard. The funeral procession consisted of a hearse, drawn by four horses, and four mourning coaches, contain ing the relatives and friends of the deceased. MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS• (mosuAY xvxmNo.) CHRONICLE—We men,ioned on Slturday that the fail in Birk Stack in Ann riots appeared to have arisen from a want of confidence in the public mind as to the real post ion the affairs of there in,qituti , ps, and a suspicion that there had bean concealment, The letter of cur PhiladellMia toi-iez).voiatteCi " PublikAit;" in the Chronicle of to-day, however, explains fully the man ner in which this want of confidence was produced ; and private teams received by the British Queen from per sons of the best authority corroborate his statement, that the fall in the price of the Shares of the United States Bank was the result of a Stock Exchange speculation. The manner in which the panic was got up is very correctly detailed by our correspondent, and the real character of the affair will he understood when we mention that the low quotations which we gave yesterday, turn out to have been chiefly done on time bargains, at sixty days. The last price on the 31st of July, at Philadelphia, for cash, was 70 donors per share, which price was offered on that day for 500 shares, and no sellers ; at New York the cash price on the Ist of August was 66i. When, then, we find the time price so much below that for money, it is evident that the jobbers had entered largely into speculations for a fall, and the ground-work of their operations may be very shortly stated. Being all Bears of the stock of the United States Bank, their ob ject was to create a heavy fall on the very eve of the sai:ing of the steamers for England, so as to produce a panic here, which, on the return of the :steamers to America, would produce a similar reaction there ; and, as their bargains were done for time at sixty days, they calculated on having ample opportunity to operate upon the r esu lt, an d t o be thus enabled to buy back their stock at a low figure. The circumstance of the Morris Canal Company having failed to pay the divi dends due on their stock in July last, led to the ap pointment of a commatee to investigate their affairs ; and it hetng known that the United States Bank were large holders of their stock, an alarm wag thus first of all c:eated. It will be recollected, however, that in the balance sheet of the affairs of the United States Bank, published here in October last, an allowance is made for the loss upon these Mor ris Gala' Shares, which were taken by the Bank for a debt of long standing. In addition to the want of confidence produced by this debt of the Morris Canal Company, it was currently re ported on the other side that the non-payment of the July dividend by the Bank itself would create a serious panic here, and that a large amount of shares would be sent out for sale to America. We believe, however, that although very heavy transactions have been done in the shares of the United States Bank, they have been almost entirely for time, and that the amount of shares that have changed hands has not been extensive. Bafore the rising of Congress they passed a resolution giving the President authority to withhold the appropriations if the exigencies of the State should call for such an unusual measure. This was done by the Administration party as a substitute for calling upon Congress to allow them to issue Treasury paper to supply the deficiency in the public chest. TIMES.—A. New York paper, published in the evening of the Ist instant, gives the quotations of money business for that day, in which appears a considerable rise in the United States Bank stock, compared with the day preceding. The highest price is 69, which would be an advance of $8 each share ; but as there are other quotations on the same day as low as 63, they are more likely to be the result of speculation than any causes denoting actual improvement in value. There may be even some delusion practised—which is not without a parallel in the New York money-market —for the purpose of sending better quotations to England by the British Queen. The last price named was 64-i. HERALD.—Private letters from New York, by the British Queen, dated the Ist of August, the day of her steaming away, notice that a large business was done in United States Bank Shares on that day, with a consi derable re-action and fluctuations in prices. From 61 to 2, which were the last quotations of the day preceding, prices were driven up by some extensive purchases to 68 and 9, and after various turns downwards and upwards between those quotations and 63, finally left off at 64k. It is more than probable that very great exertions were used by the principal spe culators interested for the fall or the rise to produce such an effect on prices as would influence the market here in the sense favourable to their operations, and particularly that the result should he remitted by the British Queen, as by her superior speed over the sailing packet ships the intelligence would exercise a longer sway over markets here, whatever its tendency might be. It is quite clear that this heavy depreciation in the value of United States Bank stock must have an adequate cause s@tnewhere, however insufficiently the facts connected with its real situation may be known, except to the few initiated. Two or three years ago the shares ranged from 115 to 124 or 5, and now, as i;,• seen, they are scarcely marketable at one-half those rates. POST,—The intelligence brought from Lisbon by the Iberia steamer, as published in a second edition of the Post, is not of a nature to afford much satisfaction to the Portuguese bondholders. The project of the Finance Minister had been made public, by virtue of which, in the event of its being agreed to by them (the bondholders) and by the Cortes, a half-dividend is, it appears, to be paid on the original amount of the bonds on the Ist of December and Ist of January next, no arrangement being yet matured for disposing of the arrears of interest already due. It will be seen, on re ference to the comments of our correspondent in another column, that, little as it is the Portuguese Go vernment propose doing for the foreign creditor, there is no chance of that little being persevered in beyond the single half-year, and not even so much without re course being had to another of those " mixed opera tions" which go to increwe the public debt, and which are on other accounts so little to be approved of. Our correspondent says, and we trust that his excellent admonitions will not be lost upon the reader : " It is after mature reflection that I am induced to ven ture an humble suggestion to the British bondholders, one the adoption of which they will never have cause to repent. Let them make a stand, and unanimously reject all and every arrangement of the nature proposed ; let them firmly declare that they will agree to no compromise the basis of which shall not be, first, the conversion of the whole consolidated debt of Portugal, whether foreign or internal, into one class of debt; secondly, that the over due dividends shall be converted, at par, into bonds of the same debt ; thirdly, that the funds at present under the control of the Board of Public Credit, together with such others as may be hereafter placed at its disposal, shall he equally and faithfully divided among the holders of stock ; fourthly, that the foreign bondholders shall have the op tion of naming one of the members of the said Board of Public Credit, without whose signature, no matter by who else signed, no payment is to be considered as properly au- Jlorised by is treasurer. La them not deviate from this; once embarked in the same boat with them, the Portu guese holders of the bonds of the internal debt will take good care to press the Government for the punctual pay ment. Any other arrangement is only intended as a pure delusion. Had the Portuguese Government had the honesty to put both classes of creditors on the same footing in the first instance, there would not now have been the diffi culty there is. As it happened, the most impudent par tiality was shown, to the prejudice of the English bond holder, and yet Baron de Moneorvo would, if he could, intimidate the press by threats of actions at law, and prevent ourselves and others from stigmatizing so in famous a course of injustice. It is gratifying to us to perceive that the bond holders have called a meeting on an early day (Fri day) to express their sentiments on ,the subject of this proceeding. SUN.—The Funds closed heavily, Consols at 90 for money, and 90k for time. Bank Stock at 1671, and India Stock for account at 249. Exchequer Bills were 21s. to 245. premium. The weather, a failure or two among the jobbers, and the state of affairs at Paris, were the causes which depressed the market. The Foreign Securities have in some measure been affected by the state of our own Funds, but there have also been one or two particular causes to influence their value. The accounts of the 10th instant from Lisbon are certainly not quite of so vague a nature as those we have received for many weeks past ; but they are only explicit in a very unfavourable sense. It seems the Cortes will leave the adjustment or negotiations of the claims of the foreign bondholders entirely in the hands of the Government, and that some scheme is contemplated for proposing a reduction of the present rate of interest, to which the English creditors, of course, will not agree. John Bull may often be taken in, but is of too dogged a character to relish com promises. The New Five per Cent. Portuguese Bonds fell to day from 34 to 334, and the Three per Cents. from 221 to 211, each closing about a per cent. higher. The market for Spanish Stock being heavy at P ar i s , i s de pressed here also. The Active Stock ranged from 25 to 251, and the Passive from 6 to 6i ; Colombian Bonds of 1824 varied from 24} to 244 ; Chilian de clined to 43, and Mexican of 1837 to 30 and 20/ : Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. opened at 511, went down afterwards to 511, and closed at 51i ; Russian Stock fell from 1151 to 1144 ; Brazil Bonds were at 79i- to 80. Very little business was done in the Share Market and South to-day, and sales were again m ade at a declin e. Great Western brought 25,1 to 23 ; New 9 1 to 8 ; Binning_ orthllli SharesdlandNe 3,v,w,ere n dis.; h W am es 7 te 7 rn ; IN7e- pw r em. ; N m; Brighton Blackwall 1 dis. to prem. ; North Midl an d 14A- ; Birmingham and Gloucester 7 ; and Eastern Counties 9 discount. A general meeting of the Shareholders of the Com mercial Bank of England was held. by adjournment, on Wednesday, at the York Hotel, Manchester, to re ceive the Report of the Committee appointed at a pre vious meeting, to investigate the affairs of the Bank, Mr. Thomas Edge, of Birmingham, in the chair. The Report, which had been formed by a Manchester -Cam- mittee, is comotneticil with, local committees at the various branches was tied I)'y Mr. Absalom Watkins , of Manchester. It stated that there j iimild be a balance in four of the shareholders, when all the were fully discharged, after deducting every loss, or 120,4171. This was with the exception of one debt, axing by the Tipton Company, which might result in a farthe! loss of 15,0004 these deductions would leB , :e the Ilan of 21. 13s. upon each share. The lia bilities of the hank; the 19th June, when the stoppage took place, were 603,704/.; on the Ist August they were 406,8471., showing that they had been re duced no less than 196,857/. The Report, as amend a dd by the Committee, was adopted unanimously. and ordered to be published. It was afterwards resolved, that three or four gentlemen should be appointed Man chester Directors, and, in conjunction with the Direc tors and local Committees, should be empowered to take the necessary steps to wind up the concern. name. The Rochdale rate seems only to be the pre lude to other hostilities with which the Church militan'. intends to keep the public mind from stagnation during the Parliamentary recess. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. EGYPT. ALFXANDRIA, JULY 27.—Trade is completely at stand still ; how can any business be transacted when the political existence of the country is more than ever at stake? Everything is wanted for war; all the men indiscriminately form part and parcel of the National Guards i and all the boats are in requisition for the trans port of a numerous materiel. The Viceroy displays the greatest activity. We have intelligence from Constan tinople that protocols are again to be the order of the day ; however, we believe here that arrangements are more advanced than is generally thought in this capital. There is much activity going on in the port, owing to the frequent transits of the French and English steamers; the Pacha's packets continue to run to Syria, to the island of Candia, and Constantinople. The Pacha, notwithstanding that Sami Bey's mission was attended with no success, has lost nothing in his unalterable se renity of countenance and disposition ; he increases his perambulations through the city, and his physiognomy breathes an assurance of.triumph. It is stated that Sami Bey will return to Constanti nople, the bearer of fresh proposals. The crews of the ships commenced to-day the exercise of the firelock. The steamer Haggi Baba, which arrived yesterday, has brought the news that the British fleet was in har bour at Cyprus. The appearance of that fleet in that port gives rise here to many conjectures—will she act against Alexandria ? ALEXANDRIA, JULY 26.—We are without news from Syria. The Egyptian ships, which were to leave for Beyrout, are still in the harbour. The Pacha is much put out at the want of success which has at tended Sami Bey's mission, and waits for some im portant communication from the allied Powers, but flatters himself that nothing will be done this year. In the mean time he repeats it to whoever is willing to listen to him, that he will defend himself to the very last point. It is precisely because he displays so much affectation in proclaiming that resolution, that I do not believe it to be sincere, and therefore I shall not be sur prised to see him give in, if reasonable proposals were made to him. It was always his intention not to push matters too far ; besides, he is old, and he wishes to leave to his children an inheritance which will be in sured to them. M. Thiess might easily be mistaken, and work for England by placing obstacles to an arrangement. The possession of Egypt, guaranteed to the Pacha, even without Syria, or with a portion only of that pro vince, would have rendered the Pacha sufficiently power ful not to have to fear a coup de main. It is Egypt which has made his greatness, and it is to the resources of Egypt that he is indebted for the means of raising fleets, and of maintaining a large army. Let him in spire the country with fresh vigour—let him devote half of it to agricultural purposes, and let the popula tion be no longer destroyed by continual drafts for the army, and prevented from rendering it productive, and he will easily be able to dispense with Syria. ALEXANDRIA, JULY 26.—Events are preparing around us, without our having the means of diving into them. The Viceroy is not a little annoyed at the in fluence which the British Ambassador possesses at Con stantinople. It is the latter who dictated the replies that were made to the Egyptian Envoy. Everything proves that in the capital matters are carried on as if under the sway of deplorable enchantment, for Sami Bey experienced from the Sultan unequivocal tokens of sympathy. The air of disdain which the Grand Signior assumed when Sami Bey made the offer of re storing the fleet had all the appearance of an action officially forced upon him, and prescribed beforehand. There remains but one version in our city respecting M. Eugene Perier's mission, viz , that he had come in order to support Mehemet Ali's proceedings with the Porte, and that his instructions were sufficiently unli mited to enable him, according to circumstances, to hasten the solution of the differences in question. It is also stated that the envoy of the French Cabinet was to announce that a protocol was on the point of being signed in London, notwithstanding M. Guizot's ener getic opposition, by the four Powers, and that it was for the purpose of summoning the Viceroy to restore the fleet and a portion of Syria. It is necessary to observe that the Egyptian army numbers in Syria 130,000 men, and that 100,000 can he detached therefrom forthwith. Ibrahim Pacha has not quitted the advanced posts ; and everything is in readiness to commence operations. The Viceroy displays undoubtedly great deference for those who exhort him to patience. The insurrection of Syria is completely stifled, and a single mountain of trifling importance, which is situated near Tripoli, remains to give in its submission, and there was no doubt as to its surrendering discretionally like the rest. The excesses of barbarity to which those Albanian monsters resorted are deeply deplared, and the Syrians will pay dearly for their revolt. A squadron of five vessels is about to be sent to Syria, to convey a convoy of ammunition to Ibrahim Pacha. The Turkish and Egyptian fleets have resumed their stations in our harbour. At the .Palace the restitution of the Ottoman fleet is no . inore spoken of, however such a thing might be possible. That question was to be decided before M. Perier's departure, which takes place tomorrow, but nothing is known as to the Viceroy's de .finitive intentions. • SYRIA. • Bsynour, JULY 21.---The - Prince of Lebanon eon tribc4e4•to reduce the other princes of , the mountains , and to sepaiate Wei - Major Part of the * Christians from the — Drtises. 'The mountaineers who previously re fused the most advantageous proposals of arrangement, have just been compelled to lay down their arms for which they had revolted, and to surrender at discretion, for, being abandoned to themselves, and to their feeble resources, possessing but 2,000 muskets, they have but to submit to the less severe conditions. • An Egyptian army composed of 9,000 men, and di vided into three columns, has lately left ; the first, com manded by Abbas Pacha, has taken up a position at Beyrout ; the second, headed by Soliman Pacha, was to act on the other side of the mountain ; and the third column, under the command of Osman Bey, was to invade the mountains on the side of Balhec. These three columns were to form a junction in the centre of the insurrection, with that of Osman Pacha, which was at Z thacle, and from thence proceed in the direction of Betedin. The Albanians have committed sad disasters, they have burnt several villages and plundered a great num ber of convents and Maronite churches, putting to death even the priests, and afterwards they sold the sacred relics in the town of -Beyrout. If France re mains a tacit spectator of such violent scenes she will lese all the influence which she had acquired in Leba non, by giving her protection there to religion. Two vessels and an English steamer are still at an chor in our port. Several Englishmen who were amongst the insurgents have taken refuge on board those vessels. The French Viscount Dc Onfroy has also taken re fuge on board the corvette La Diligente. The expedition against the insurgents, though an nounced to be under the command of Abbas Pacha, is nevertheless: under that of Solinaan Pacha, and the Viceroy's grandson has formal orders not to come to any decision which might not meet with &anal' Pa sha's approbation. TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, JULY 27.—The following iS a succinct expose of the facts which have taken place within the last ten days. On the 15th of July the Sultan gave a private audience to Sami Bey, the Envoy of the Pacha of Egypt. Sami Bey offered the daughter of the Padischa, of whose birth I gavo you information, a thousand piastres, in the name of Mehe met Ali. Presents in specie are admitted, according to imperial etiquette, and even take precedence of others. The Sultan gave Sami Bey a snuffbox en circled with diamonds of the finest water, and of the value of 70,000 piastres. On his departure he was saluted by a double discharge of artillery, one of which was that of the Sultan and the other that of Stamboul. However, notwithstanding the snuffbox and the cus tomary compliments, Simi Bey has declared that he found the Cabinet in the same mind as it professed before the battle of Nezib. You cannot form an idea of Lord Ponsonby's disappointment on the news of the pacification of Syria ; he tore to pieces the despatch which brought him that unexpected piece of in telligence. The Porte was equally surprised, and conferences and a council were forthwith held. LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.) LONDON, AUG. 18.—Wind this day at noon, strong breezes from W. to S. W., with heavy passing clouds. DEAL, AUG. 17.--Wind, S.W. to W. S.W., strong breezes and squally.—Arrived the St. Vincent's Planter, from Jamaica ; Martha, Robson, Sierra Leone. LIVERPOOL, AUG. 17.•—Wind N. W., very fresh.—Ar rived the Kingston. Kennedy, from New Orleans ; Wake field, Young, St. John's, New Brunswick; Anna Sophia, Tarragona. COWES, Auo. 17.—Arrived Arab, Crosby, Matanzas. FALMOUTH, Auo 16.—Wind W. to S.W., strong breezes.—Arrived the Allison, Hunter, from Terranova, sailed the Royal Adelaide, Linty, Quebec. GLOUCESTER, MI6. 17.—Arrived the Excellency, Pelly, from Quebec. 1 NEWPORT, AUG. 16.—Arrived the Martha. Gage, from I Miramichi; Grove, Quebec. VESSELS SPOKEN WITH.—The President, Liverpoo. New York, 6th instant, lat. 50, long. 64; St. Ann, bound to Quebec, 28th ultimo, lat. 44, long. 33 ; Bar bara, bound to view York, 31st, lat. 44, long. 33; Der went, bound to St. John's, ith instant, by the Nesbit, Marlow, arrived off Margate. Welford, London to Que bec, Bth instant, lat. 40, long. 21 ; Rajah, of Boston, 9th, lat. 49, long. 22, by the Columbine, Robertson, ar rived at Cork. Lord Brougham has taken Cale-hill, the seat of E. Darell, Esq., near Ashford, for six months, and will c soupy it immediately.— Kentish Observer. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. (From the Times.) Some of our Contemporaries on this side the Chan nel, as well as the other, continue to exhibit all the symptoms of the liveliest apprehension of a rupture with France. M. Thiess is denounced by one of the corre spondents of a Morning Paper as the main author of the strife, resisting all the pacific inclinations of the King of the French, and despatching " dangerous" in structions to the French fleet ; whilst a distinguished writer in another column assures the public that his Majesty approves of all the measures adopted by his Minister, and persists in the most warlike resolves. But, whatever alarm may have been expressed here from the apparent renewal of a more hostile tone on the part of the French Government, we are now per fectly assured, that though the posture of affairs is ex tremely serious, and that a spark may set the world on fire, yet no new incident has arisen, and no projects are entertained by the French Government to hasten so disastrous a consequence. On the contrary, the states men who met last week at the Chateau d'Eu appear to be fixedly and unitedly determined to adhere to that expectant policy, which is unquestionably the best re maining chance of peace. Under the circum stances of the c Ise, with a community offended and annoyed at the interruption of that alliance by which peace has been preserved for ten years, jea lous of England, hostile to Russia, and besotted to the Pasha—with an infuriated press, and a large excited military population, it does not appear that any more prudent or pacific course could have been pursued without exposing the Government to being carried away into what would be less prudent and least pacific of all. As far as we know anything of the matter, the King of the French and his Ministers are not less pacific than they have ever been, but they have a triple and an ar duous task—to keep the French nation within bounds, to keep the French fleet within bounds, to keep the Pasha of Egypt within bounds, and all this with a due regard to their own safety and character. (From the Morning Advertiser.) The Commission of the General Assembly has closed its proceedings, and adjourned till November next. The matters b,sfore it were of the deepest importance ; no less so were the speeches delivered, and the decla rations made by the leaders of the Non-intrusion move ment. It will be remembered that on Wednesday last we earnestly entreated the evangelical party in the Commission to take their stand in their dealings with the Strathbogie case, on high and lofty principles, and to throw to the winds all considerations of a personal nature. We urged them not to hesitate, should the forms of the Church allow of such a step in the existing position of matters, to proceed at once to the deposition of the seven suspended clergymen. That is a doom which inevitably awaits these moderate gentlemen, and that at no distant day : it is as inevit able, indeed, as it is deserved. It appears, however, that the forms of the Church required that the contu macious parties should be what is called " libelled," before the extreme and final step of deposition should y n xye o tpher t ey i tec o , t n nepted i ;ri o voneu t wt this though aoeb t heylf effect epcoptsa opposed they dtr aso resorted urb9gyd fh t tt o tthh . heaeel T mc tohol motion, edeneiProcurator moderate ayft "civil" supp or t ers f rom earscawaspensadr ttoys t. mrtbaoaei strained a i bear rbe d neod e ne :summoned their defeat the evangelical party, they were b ea t en by a majority of 1 8 0 to 66, that is, by a majority o f almost three to one. Had the power of deciding in the matter been vested in the members of the Church of Scotland generally, the majority would have been at least twenty to one. We are grievously mistaken if the seven re bellious clergymen of Strathbogie do not now begin, if they did not indeed begin before, to have some mis givings as to the wisdom—wisdom in a worldly point of view—of the course they have thought proper to pur sue. They now see, unless we greatly err, that they are likely to have a larger dose of " civilism" administered to them than will be palatcable to their tastes. If they do not wish belore long that they had evinced less par tiality for " Alex. Peterkin " and the Court of Session, and somewhat more for the Church and her laws, we shall for the time to come renounce all claim to the gift of prophecy. (From the Morning Post.) The letter of our Dublin correspondent contains an account of the first meeting of the Ulster Reform Asso ciation, on Friday last, at the Music Hall, Belfast. There is one point of view, and only one, in which the proceedings of this meeting can be considered as of im portance. It shows how much o f that harmony of prin .: c iple and purpose w hich the Ministerialists on this side the Channel affect at the present moment to regard as necessary to the . healthy and vigorous existence of a political party subsists among the Ministerial faction in Ireland, in that only division of the empire where Ministers are not in a ridiculous and contemptible minority. The first point to which we would call the attention of the British public in reference to the Ulster Reform Association is the names of the individuals who are put forward as its leaders. We find that the Earl of Charlemont was elected President ; the Mar quis of Headfort, the Earl of Gosford, the Earl of Leitrim, the Earl of Bellast, Viscount Southwell, Viscount Acheson , Viscount Clements, Lord Ross more, Lord Strafford, Lord Cremorne, Count de Salis, Sir R. S. Adair, Bart., and Sir William Hort, perceive Torment, ss,h o E w sq., Trea surer—Baortu. V ice-Presidents andr rea ders w Messrs. ili Crawfordat ; R e J. and Ross, Secretaries.large a proportion of the noblemen and gentlemen whose names figure in the above list arc bound to the present Ministers of the Crown by official tics. The whole list seems to be composed of Lords of the Bedchamber, of the husbands of Ladies of the Bedchamber, of ci devant Whig Governors of Colonies, and of the sons of these various attaches of the present Administration. The Association is evidently a Minis terial one in the strictest sense of the word. And if that harmony of purpose and action which the Ministe rialists in Great Britain are instructed just at present to vaunt as indispensable to the efficiency, and even to the existence, of a political party, prevailed among the Mi nisterialists of Ireland, or could even for a moment be assumed, it is moral y certain that at the first meeting of the Ulster Reform Association there would have been no denunciation of Mr. O'Connell, no criticism of his conduct, no express disavovsal of his principles and views, no proclamation of the impossibility of co-ope rating with him. (Prom th e Morning Herahl.) Whether the French Government be serious or not in the hostility of tone towards England with which it inspires its journals, and whether its apparent pre parations • for war be real or pretended, certain it is that a wise policy would dictate such active measures on the part of our own Government us would enable this country to be prepared for the worst. Every means of defence and offence should be put in re quisition to meet the exigency of the occasion, and make the war a short one, if the angry threats of our irritated ally should become realities. But to have a wise policy directing affairs, we must cease to have a feeble, indolent, and corrupt Government. It is un reasonable to expect that the duties of faithful Minis ters of the Crown, and patriotic guardians of the national honour, should be discharged by parasites of the Pa lace and dangling courtiers —the satisfied dependents upon Ladies of the Bedchamber"—the cont ente d vassals of an insolent barbarian, avowedly labouring within the Queen's dominions for the dismemberment of the em pire. Such persons placed by succeesful arts of impos ture in the position of Ministers of State, can have no regard for the dignity of the Crown or the honour of the nation. Why, then, should they give themselves any trouble to uphold the one or vindicate the other ? The Palmerston evening orrn . , not satisfied with con fessing that the Sybarite politicians whom it serves re pose upon beds of roses during the warlike din of pre paration by our Gallic neighb ours, condescends, no doubt, on authority, to give a reason for the policy of remaining in as unprepared a condition as possibe to meet hostilities, if the F r ench should convert their words into actions. the Morning Chronicle,) (From The public disgust is still iresti and strong at the gross immoralities occasioned by the Rev. Dr. Moles worth in the parish of Rochdale, for the sake of obtain ing a Church-rate triumph. All the reports of the late contest agree in furnishing the particulars of a horrible scene of strife, bribery, fraud, violence, and (in the result) of most questionable legality- The victory of which the Church's f a l se friends and Judas apostles boast is, that by the Rector's prolonging the poll an hour beyond the time fixed for its termination, a colourable majority has been obtained for the rate, i ns t ea d o f t h e majority against it wh ich existed at the r egu l ar, an d, i t will probably be foun d, the legal, close of the poll, But whether this Tory divine, of Canterbury and Bradshaw notoriety, have, or have not, saddled his parishioners with a burden which they have long protested against hearing, is morally a subordinate circumstance in the transaction. The basest and foulest influences of a hotly contested" election have been let loose upon his parish. The factiousness that acquiesced in disloyalty and calumny towards the Sovereign may fitly pursue it s course till it ride in the whirlwind and direct the storm" of a contest, in which every precept of the Saviour is violated in his holy, but desecrated U STATES. NEWS FOR ENGLAND. (From the New York Morning Herald,of the Ist inst.) The noble steam-,Lip, British Queen, L!aves day for " Mcrrie Eeland." w. two o'c!f.cll, earr: ; Eng with her 130 passengers—a goodly freight, and a smart sprinkling of specie. The Britannia takes 100 from Boston to Europe to-day. _ _ _ Three sailing-packets also leave to-day for Europe, carrying more than half a hundred passengers. So that the hardness of the times, and the passage of the Sub treasury Bill, has not stopped the propensity to travel. The news the Queen carries out is rather of an inte resting character. In political matters, the Whigs ap pear to be triumphant all over the country. The result of the Louisiana election is a premonitory symptom of Mr. Van Buren's political death. This prospect ahead enables the Whigs to keep up their spirits ; and to indulge in their desire for travel ling over the country. All the fashionable watering places are full of company ; the White Sulphur and Saratoga Springs, Niagara Falls, New Brighton, Rock away, and a dozen other delightful places are alive with beauty, fashion, and talent. British officers arc running all over the country after our pretty girls. So much for politics and fashion. In theatricals, we arc doing but little. The gardens, the vaudevilles, and Fanny Elssler have crowds of admirers. The rest none. In literature, the Harpers, Appleton, and Carey and Hart, are all doing all that is to be done. In science, we are excelling Daguerre in the Daguerreotype, and Jacobi in the Electrotype. In Swartwouting and defaulting, we are doing a decent business ; and in petty roguery nothing very extensive. In commercial matters there is much st, , gnation. The Pearl-street jobbers are doing nothing. The stock of cotton is small, under 14,000 bales, and will pro bably be reduced to 1,000 bales before the new crop comes in. Prices are firm, with a slight advance since the sailing of the Western. It is believed that the southern planters will be out of debt before the next cotton crop comes in. The coming crop will be quite large. The corn crop will be 10 per cent. larger than last year, and prices have advanced an average of 35 cents a barrel in fourteen markets since the Queen arrived. The supply in the city is small, but there is plenty in the interior. In ship building we are going ahead. Two Govern ment steam frigates are nearly finished ; two more are preparing, and one for the Russian Government, all about the eze of the Great Western. In this city we have six merchant ships on the stocks, and two small steamers. We have just launched a merchant ship of 1,300 tons, the largest in the country, and a steamboat called the Troy, the longest in the world, being 294 feet long, with a promenade of 250 feet. So much for ship-building, in which we excel the world. The Armed ship of the Sultan of Muscat has been refitted at an expense of $20,000, and the people have footed the bill. The North East Boundary is about to be surveyed by competent Americans directly, and Uncle Sam pays $25,000 to have it done thoroughly. After this John Bull must do the handsome thing, or take the consequences. Canada is tolerably quiescent. Governor Thomsen gets along pretty well with the disaffected ; but there is a heavy storm brewing a-head. In Texas, they are giving themselves up to carous ing and feasting ; but they do not, like Belshazzar, see any hand-writing on the wall. Mexico is cut and torn to pieces, and the Liberal party is decidedly in the ascendant ; they are in posses sion of the whole province of Yucatan. The Philadelphians are still talking about a line of steam-packets to England. In -this city we are dull and stupid enough at present. The principal features afloat are mad dogs, dirty streets, hard cider, and hot nights, and the thermometer at ninety-two in the shade. Can John Bull beat this? LOGS OF THE RIVAL STEAMERS. HOMEWARD LOG OF THE BRITANNIA. Aug. 4. Left at 5, p.m. s.—Left at 12 noon ; course, N. 63 E. ; distance, 174 ; lat. 45 46 ; ion. 59 30. 6.—Left at 12 noon ; course, N, 73 E. ; distance, 270 ; lat. 47 5 ; lon. 53 4. 7.—Left at 12 noon ; course, N. 71 E. ; distance, 258 ; lat. 48 28 ; lat. 46 38. B.—Left at 12 noon ; course, N. 62 E. ; distance, 280 ; lat. 50 39 ; lon. 40. 9.—Left at 12 noon ; course, N. 60 E. ; distance, 264 ; lat. 52 43 ; lon. 33 41. 10.—Left at 12 noon ; course, N. 64 E. ; distance, 271 ; lat. 54 26 ; lon. 28 7. 11.—Left at 12 noon ; course, N. 88 E. ; distance, 258 ; lat. 54 29 ; lon. 23 32. 12.—Left at 12 noon ; course, S. 65 36 E. ; distance, 248 ; lat. 52 45 ; lon. 17 7. 13. Left at 12 noon ; course, S. 71 45 E. ; distance, 231 ; lat. 51 31 ; lon. 11. 14.—Left at 12 noon ; course, —; distance, 270 ; Holyhead. The British Queen did not, on the homeward voyage, allow the Britannia the same advantage she gave her on the outward. The Britannia, which sailed from Boston on the Ist, and which had a long passage from that port to Halifax, where she stopped eight hours, arrived in the Mersey on the 14th inst., at seven o'clock in the evening. The British Queen left New York on the Ist instant and arrived off Southampton on the 15th, at seven o'clock in the morning. So that, supposing equal dis tances to have been run by both vessels the Britannia, including the time she stopped at Halifax, had the advan tage of twenty hours only over the British Queen. The run of the Britannia from Halifax to Liverpool, which occupied only ten days, was most extraordinary. LOG OF THE BRITISH QUEEN. LIEUT. RICHARD ROBERTS, R.N., FROM NEW YORK TO LONDON. Aug. I.—Wind, N.E. ; at 2 p.m. started ; 4h. 30m. discharged pilot. 2.—Lat. 40 20 ; long. 70 30 ; distance, 164 ; wind, S.S.E. ; light winds and c - ioudy. 3.—Let. 40 26 ; long. 65 45 ; distance, 220 ; wind S.S.E. ; moderate and cloudy. 4.—Lat. 40 30 ; long. 60 38 ; distance, 236 , wind southerly ; moderate and fine. s.—Lat. 41 18 ; long. 55 38 ; distance 230 ; wind S.W. ; light winds. 6.—Lat. 42 44 ; long. 50 26;, distance, 250 ; wind S. W. ; light winds. 7.—Lat. 44 '24 ; long. 44 25 ; distance, '250 ; wind S S.W. ; moderate and fine. B.—Lat. 46 6 ; long. 40 10 ; distance, 242 ; wind S.W. ; moderate and fine. 9.—Lat. 47 38 ; long. 35 20 ; distance, 230 ; wind, W. ; light Nvinds and clear. 10.—Lat. 49 0 ; long. 29 50 ; distance, 233 ; wind, W. ; light winds. 11.—Lat. 49 14 ; long. 23 32 ; distance, 248 ; wind, N.W. ; moderate breezes with a swell from N.W. 12.—Lat. 49 30 ; long. 17 50 ; distance, 220 ; wind, N.W. ; light winds with a heavy swell. 13.—Cat. 49 34 ; long. 11 50 ; distance, 230 ; wind, N.N.W. ; light winds with heavy swell. 14.—Distance, 17 ; wind, N.E.E ; lb. 30m. off the Lizard. Fresh breezes and fine, standing up Channel. 15.—At 6 a. m. anchored. The following is taken from the Liverpool AlNon : The steam-ship Britannia, the first of Mr. Cunard's Royal Mail line between Liverpool, Halifax, and Bos ton, left this port on the 4th alt., at two o'clock in the afternoon. On the 17th, at two o'clock in the morning, she arrived at Halitax, after a passage of 12i days. She remained at that port eight hours, and then proceeded on to Boston, which she reached in a day and a half, having arrived at the wharf in East Boston on the 18th ult., at ten o'clock at night. She made the coast of Nova Scotia in 11 days and 16 hours from Liverpool, and the whole voyage to Boston in 14 days and 8 hours. On the Ist instant, at five o'clock in the afternoon, the Britannia left Boston for Halifax and Liverpool. On this occasion, the passage between Boston and Halifax, which occupied only a day and a half, occupied nearly double that time. A dense fog, to which the coast of North America is subject, continued for upwards of twenty-four hours, and rendered it dangerous for the steamer to run. As soon as it blew off, she made for Halifax, which she reached at 11 o'clock on the morning of the 4th. She left that port at six o'clock in the evening, with the mail and 76 p a ssengers. At noon on the 14th she was telegraphed off Holyhead,. and would have anchored in the Mersey before six co-clock in the evening, had there be en a sufficient depth of water to allowlrer to enter the Victoria Channel. As it was, she came to her moorings, at the Sloyne, at eight, having made the passage from Boston to Liver pool in 13, and from Halifax to this port in 10 days, the quickest passages from those places on record. Had it not been for the fog, she would have performed the voyage from Boston to Liverpool in 12 days. We congratulate Mr. Cunard on the success which has attended the voyage of the first steamer of his Royal Mail line. The Britannia has proved herself a fast as well as a safe sea-boat. The other ships coin the line promise to equal, if not t o rer s , ing and except , perhaps, in the winter, to su r r e l :X; the communica tion betw een Liverpool, Halifax, and eolidee3 n not t must., remunerate - rn having been Boston, and vice versa, as regular and its certain as the r ailrosd. The advantages of this commu n i ca ti on t o th e British North American Colonies be incalculableueaeteeii the spi rited ; and, c, t i o t r, shouldthe G oro Government, instru mental in beginning it, cannot, without neglecting the interests of those colonies, allow it to stop. We need scarcely state, that the passengers ware delighted with the performance of the Britannia. Headed by Francis B. Ogden, Esq., the Consul of the United States at Liverpool, who was among their num ber, they complimented Mr. Cunard and Lieutenant Woodruff in appropriate letters ; to which Mr. Cunard and the gallant commander returned suitable replies. The citizens of Boston were perfectly enthusiastic on the arrival of the Britannia at the dock which the Cot , poration of the city had expressly made for her use. ,l to EVENING EDITION. THE BRITISH NAVY. (From the Devonrort of S In pursuan o . enum,rate tig,urt , . in sup o[a ) Ci 1F . objections hay b,,.3 taken ny other r a list or the line-of-battle shiv; rf-sr.sseil which are either at pras,:nt in active servie',, and serviceable condition, or capab!(,, ; nii._;th,at, pairs, of being made fit for eortaniss:go wit re:sc a able time ; and to these we have added tl.n list of building. All our line•of-battle ships ernploycd as re ceiving ships, depots,.quarantine. vessels, hospitals, con vict ships, or which may be so badly out Gi order as to require very extensive repairs to fit them for sea, more than twenty in number, have been oinittil from this list, which is given as a fair statement of the rolid strengt t, of the British navy in the line ul battle. Oo:, is derived from authentic sources, ai,il vestigation. In Commission—Britannia, 120 ; Hcv:e, 120 ; Irn pregnable, 104 ; Rodney, 92 ; GAngc3, 80 ; As :a. 84 ; Powerful 84 ; Tounderer. 81 ; Vanguarti, 80 ; 13,ile rophon, 78 ; Cambridge, 78 ; 13eilrlde. 7 ; Ball)ow, 72 ; Blenheim, 72 ; Donegal, 72 ; E,llnburgh, 72 ; Hastings, 72 ; Implacable, 72; .Mek dle, 72 ; R/-Ivenge, 72 ; and Wellesley, 72.—Total, 22. Demonstration Ships, or Rcsi.rvc—Caledonia, 120 ; St. Vincent, 120 ; Queen, 110 ; Camperdown, 104 ; Queen Charlotte, 104 ; Agincourt, 72 ; Cornwallis, 72 ; Hawke, 72 ; Hercules, 72 ; Malabar, 72 ; Pem broke, 72 ; and Russel!, 72.—Total, 12. IN GOOD CONDITION.—RoyaI William, 120 ; Nel sen, 120 ; Hibernia, 120 ; Neptune, 120 ; Prince Re gent. 120 ; Royal George, 120 ; Waterloo, 120 ; Royal Adelaide, 104: Nile, 90 ; Formidable, 84 ; Vengeance, 84 ; Clarence, 84 ; Monarch, 84 ; Bombay. 84 ; Cal cutta, 84 ; Foudroyant, 78 ; Indus, 7S ; Achille, 76 ; Ajax, 72 ; Wellington, 72 ; Imaum, 72 ; Black Prince, 72 ;Illustrious, 72 ; Carnatic, 72 ; and Egmont, 72,_ Total, 25. REPAIRING, OR WANTING REPAIRS.—Canopus, 84 ; Minden, 72 ; Talavera, 72 ; Artna(:a, 72 ; Bellona, 72 ; Defence, 72 ; Devonshire, 72 ; Hague, 72 ; Minotaur. 72 ; Pitt, 72 ; Redoubtable, 72 ; Sultan, 72 ; Tremen dous, 72 ; Invincible, 72 ; Kent, 72 ; and Medway, 72 —Total, 16. BUILDING.—St. George, 120, will be launched on the 27th ; London, 92, ditto on the 29th ; Trafalgar, 120, ditto in February ; Algiers, 110 ; Royal Frederick, 110 ; Victeria (in frame), 110 ; Albion (in frame), 90 ; Prince Albert, 90 ; Colossus, 80 ; Collingwooci, 80 (nearly planked) ; Mars, SO (in frame); Majestic, 80 ; Superb, 80 (in frame) ; Lion, 80 ; Irresistible, 80 ; Hin dostan,Bo ; Centurion, 80 ; 80 (nearly planked); Boscawen, 70 ; Cumberland, 70 ; and twf, ships, of 8t) guns each, building in India, not yet, named. Yttai, 25. Total number of line-of-battle ships, 105. STEAM-BOAT ACCWENTS" THE UNITED STATES. Tile Journal of Commerce, under the head of " Steam-boat Disasters," gives a f,arful cata!ogue of ac cidents arising from the reckles Manner in which the steam system of navigation is pursued in the United States. It was hoped that Legislative trwasures would have hem taken during toe Cot , gres. , ., just concluded to put a stop to so cry:ug but the Executive have unfortunately been too much occupied with their party banking arisorilities to attend to Ties tions in which the lives of the community are less im mediately involved than their own dignity and places., The statement of the Journal qf Commerce is as fol lows : •. There were 41 accidents in 1839 en the western waters alone. This acemunt of them is from a wcs:ern publication, Snagged, 21 ; struck upon rocks, &c., 7 ; destroyed by fire, 6 ; explosions, 4 ; collisions, 3. Of these 23 were totally lost. Loss of property not less than a million of dollars. Lives lost by explosinl.s. 39 ; by other causes, 7." Several special additional cas.s are then rcc.sded. The whole number of steam-boat accidents of a serious nature which have occurred in the United Si:ates, since the introduction of steam navigation, is stated at 272. The following is a summary :- 103 explosions or collapses of boilers causing loss of lives 73 striking on snags and sawyers 35 shipwrecks, gales, and collisions 34 fires from various causes 444 27 unasccrtained causes 1,921 The returns show about 450 wounded. The aggregate loss of property by these disasters is estimated at about six millions of dollars. The amount of steam-boat tonnage in the United States, according to the returns of 30th September 1839, was 199,569. HERRING FISHERY. ANSTRUTHER, AUGUST n.—The herring fishing during the past eight days has continued moderate and fluctuating in the extreme. Our hest fished boats have bad from seven to nine barrels, but many only a few baskets. On Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday last, there were few sold to the curers, except by those boats which are engaged. On Thursday one of our curers sold at the high price of 31s. per cran from an ; engaged boat, On Friday there were a nutnbirr of boats from Dunbar, which sold to curers at 13s. 6d. to 155.; cadgers 2s. to 3s. higher. On Sato fay do were several boats from Dunbar—highest boat, thirty crans—early in the day prices 12s. 6d., .3nci as the day advanced they gradually rose to 135. 6(1. Yesterday our highest boats five trans, and many imiy one or two. Last night a number of our boats went to Dunbar, but the night was extremely unfavourabla. Several floats had from five to fourteen trans, prices 13s. 6d. to 14s. The greatest proportion of our herrings this week have been from Dunbar, the wins having' been particularly favourable to that voyage- A number of cargoes have been shipped off to the diff , rent ma,-kets. Our general average is now sixteen crans.— Herald. THURSO, AUGUST B.—The fishing westward has been most abundant, many boats having upwards of 40 cans per night. One boat at Skerra has delivered 120 craus this week, and sevcfal about 100 each. This week the sacranhatt was ii,lo S;.rithy, which pro.- vented the Kirktomy and Arty.adaie bouts going out, much to the prejudice of In,' fi•hcrtnen and cur,•.rs , . Surely it was ill-judged to fix the solemnity so late in the season. One curer here, who has eleven boats at Port Sierra, had no less than 286 crans from them on Thursday morning last. In short, this week's fishing westward has been highly successful and productive. — Inverness Courier. BERWICK, AUGUST U.—Our rring fishing the early part of the week was very partial ; some beats bad a few crane, but the greater part scarcely any. Monday, fishing from I to 5 crans ; Tuesday, from 2! to 12 ; Wednesday, only two boats were successful in, catching about 10 crans. The otner boats went to North Sunderland, where the fishing was excellent; some of our boats returning yesterday (Thursday), with Irons 20 to 40 crane. As the calm weather must pre vent the boats coming home from such a distance, and returning to the fishing ground . that night. would our curers get two or three steam-tuns from Shields, and bring it) or 12 well-fished boats up and down each day, stopping at Holy Island or Sundcr;aad all the night to be ready next morning, we think it might be a good plan for both fishermen and curers. This morning some few boats have got here with a good shot of fish. One boat, however, we are sorry to say, has returned with out her nets, which were cut away. LOUIS PIIILIPPE.—A correspondent who writes from the City calla our attention to a paragraph which has g o o r r a t n h s e h r o a t d i n s d e t o t f i e t d h e papers, 2001. a who Duk e of rode Beggarman and gained the Goodwood cup, and asks whe ther there is not a great disproportion between this annuity . and that granted by Louis Philippe, 50U francs a year, to an old servant, an Englishman, who saved his life when Duke of Orleans. No doubt there is; hut then is the first statement correct? It is not likely. The following is the account of the manner in which the English servant saved the life of the present King of the French :—" The Due d'Orleans and another nobleman were riding in a curricle; the reins broke, and the honeF, being English and nearly thorough-bred, of course immediately "bolted." Adams, the servant alluded to, immediately clapped the rowels into his horse, and with as much tact as Robinson on Beg garrnan, and the courage and strength of a lion, thdtigh a little man, stopped the horses on the brnk of a tremendous pr?,eipice, where no power on earth could have saved their lives. ILs residence is 13. Great Ctirlisle-street, Church street, Paddington, from whose own I;ps the truth may be learned." MUSICAL MOVEMENTS.—SeveraI parties ate going- to the provinces immediately. Liszt, with Mdlle. de Varney ; Miss L. Bass: no, N. MI6, Lavenu, and John Parry, will commence at Chichester on Monday ; then proc ee d to Portsmouth, Isle of Wight, Southamp • ton, Sali,bory, and so on to Plymouth ; then re turn to Exeter, Taunton, Bath, Cheltenham, Lea. minErten, Coventry, Northampton, Leicester, Nottingham. Lincoln, Cambritige, No , wicti, Ipstyteli, Coletr.stcr, &c. Grisi, with her cousin Ernesta. Br zzi. T3mburini, sad B , nedict, commence on the same dtty at Worcester, then Cheltenham, Bath, &e. Persiani, with Ruhini, Negri and. Pozzi,witl tollow shortly. 13Iagrove, with Miss Bird. ' and others, will go t-_ , the pooh of England. Lord Ffrench, and one of his brothers, the Ro man Catholic Archbishop of Tuam, the well-known Dr , 1 1 „ ) / is al l u e ff ,5 3 g 7 r u t ., Sir M. Dillon Bellow prelates, Sir Val Blake , N B .l , : rt Hale, s i ra Samuelr.d t two of o ' Bart . ., Mr. J. H. T,lbt , t, .iI.P . and a few others of rank and position, have publicli d.ecr , re...i. their adhesion *.o M i O'Connell's present pit.ri of Repeal agitation. These i. chide nearly all the mlics of persons of influence w bavc as vet joirwd Ow lion. Gentlemiln T HE HARVEST IN ENGLAWD --W: ha•• examined with much care and some anxiety the accout:tr ' which appear in our provincial Contemporaries received LAI Saturday and yesterday. in reference to the state a.' prospect of the crops. As yet no mischief seems to bay been done subiequently to the very tine and forsuna r h ‘ c,,i e . i ia n .i a c t , f : n ' , accompaniede rof h should LotLtdoe last theyyeswhtelaiir-I'l:v yesterdayweeks.But which ,r a o n ve d d Sunday, may do ranch mi. 4 general.