The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-04-30 00:00:00

e for POOL a icul hash . au cit leaver of the Kean !wca S. larna so 3Char AND• ceived :tracts cha' m ilitia arged• Id Si r iva °` in the mositY iblY Of ,f bal l Allan [ted by len t of g r j speo werTior aTl' the Stli Le 13' _a gar e ' be e o riot; jrA re . 1 0 pat " Ica' rseco 4 r tY to , r the COobjecte to the superintendence and approval of i",:ter:.c,nservative leader. of natio ti le Duke of 'Wellington decided the destiny d efe ns on the field of Waterloo, he was fighting a elier s we battle. With the enemy there was ambition, gage of of Power ;-truth, justice, and the general . w as -7 mankind, with the British chieftain. It Tirne:Poleon's cue to put the issue at once to hazard. it now 48 his most dangerous antagonist. Just so is \V ern wi th the conservatives and Sir Robert Peel. Wh en li st have leisure to consolidate our forces, and, and en" we s trike th e bl ow, we must strike decisively ; fam e 2elY More inspi r i t i ng were the Duke ' s memo ree word s, " up, boys, an d at t h em !"- w h en t h e turoali" g e nius of B r i ta i n v i ndicated the liberties of lt o h e Pe , a nd the rights of mankind-than will be Sir g ent B r tB de c i s i ve charge, when he lets slip his impa thiaeouPPorters upon the hostile and alien ranks. In o.ri°llB co nsummation none will d e ser v e to share wh oh e a Y who have born e steadily the defensive fight, li trn ' 3 ' e . f ormed th e square' phalanx, and evinced the k nit Pane a „ 4 of British b ravery. A n d we h ave li tt l e 1 1 .4 bl l 'nd on this score with our conservative friends. hrMhreen f °°(l . is Pro ver bi ally warm, and ()lir Protestant of hi tt r nni Irel an d have the exasperating memory lep r Ongs and insults inflicted by an inferior and l et e` e, the Milesians of the southern provinces. Isrl 6:1 the Ora ngemen are patient and confiding, N ci z .d t . steadil y and manfully under the conservative e , theb e rPose to ourselves some profit in considering w ,L in gs of Lord J o h n R ussell ' s mot i on, an d t h e str eh Z` 4 , nces whi c h attended the division. The st Og erh n of conservatism is character. We have no rkt er ,_„. ° Pe than character, and the support which cha the to,...7 nin sure us w ith t h e E ng li s h peop l e. Wh en thta i Z s fashioned the reform bill, they reserved for '1 The y I ,_ es a hand some b alance of close b oroughs. ' 4 r 045, e s wamped the Scottish counties with fictiti -1 T hey have th e grea t b oroug h monger o f ballia2 With his forty myrmidons-forty being (as I:l naC un nslY observed last Friday) a most appro intinher, The Whigs too have the court with kgai; 1 411(1 t he Queen' s name is a tower of strength. st a ll kal e these important forces in the antagonist ellk act e e h ave only to set the strength of conservative til t l I. ', the generous fidelity of the English people, lick the derived to truth from free and fair discus t'llie444 t his discussion we propose from time to time th e °lir humble part, well knowing that in no city d idly a etn Pire will political investigations be more can tve and " abl y appreciated than in this good conserva ;lv 4oyal town of Liverpool. 1 14 4 , 11 we adverted a few weeks back to a certain whig IVejahtresPecting a majority " clear of all officials." los'glied this idea to scorn. We knew that a ma ir,atiof sixteen was far more likely than a majority of 11 1 ) by a stilil lY• This id ea ,. we p e rceive, has been taken I NN Ire of our conservative contemporaries, and iagainst the mi n i s t ers , w h o are sa id t o h ave b een ti leir o „ l Paltry m a j or ity, more th an com posed of *ei g h t . "' officials. Gi v i ng t o thi s argumen t it s due i rop on :, a nd it does not seem to be wholly without its t4 iiti ste ; ne e , let US cons id er t h e mater i a l s o f w hi c h t h e te n'e t i -al Phalanx w as compose d ; an d fi rs t l e t us ob the popular party ranks amongst its number Port aat 'an 2 9 memb ers f rom the f o ll ow ing most im vP ces ineeb nrY, 1, Viscount Andover ; Westbury, 1, f l kt,k --- ; ls e°e; Liskeard, 1, C. Buller ; Malton, 2, 1%. ur ut°ll--- T.W.Childers ; 'Fhirsk, 1, Sir S. Cromp "Ye°Mbe, 9 G. R . S . 111 G H. Dashwood ; Noe a mi. - . `‘Ordfit 2, A. Speirs-Sir R. Dundas ; Arundel, 1, 11 :ts zallan ; Great Grimsby, 1, Heneage ; Hors ,,errott' 4 * H. Hurst ; Totness, 2, Lord Seymour-J. • - k ; ; Morpeth, 1, Lord Leveson ; Ashburton, 1, 1 ,, l(l e 1 ( 118 2 -41 ,:gt° 11 ; Beaumaris, - 1, Captain Paget ; Tavis ij `conchs Russell-T. Rundle; Flint, 1, Captain mii rst ` t , r in das; Caine, 1, Lord Shelbourne; Mid gcm. Captain Spencer ; Bewdley, 1, Sir T. • ob n , l ig tn n ; Northallerton, 1, W. Wrightson ; Peter !, 2, T. W. Fazakerly-Sir R. Heron; Wick, 4:; c 1 1; Swansea, 1, J. H. Vi v ian. 29. 1;1 44; Could, without difficulty, have raised this num tli,t7 u a ppropriate "forty." We hope an analysis bokti;i2irision will be made with reference to close 4 4 4; 7' Some fe w , lik e H e l s t on , w ill b e f oun d con -4 More, lik e Th et f or d an d C r i c kl a d e , divided, • 1 1 7 4.ni ng one conservat i ve an d one w hi g : b u t f ar tit tse -s t of all will be ceruyo inera, sheer whiggery. It tfcw: h b igs were crafty fellows : they did not pass the tr '''tq w .7 4/ for nothing. But their lease is nearly o i c o- P op 1 1 11 these large constituencies, the rotten . Slsr g ; W hich a natural thrift recommended to whig tAti l i e : l were swept away-if these 29 votes were ex fit tl i ,'„ fr ° ll l the majority-where would be the nit ter i bi 'louse of Commons, the acquittal of these 4114;ers e ministers on Saturday morning last ? Echo " Where !" And yet this is the voice of the b ro htt - and this is the solemn appeal of political Maw like the Irish secretary, Viscount Morpeth ! ! Ir.L .l ' take the question nationally. According to It tio 7 /V 'S division list we find that England was con :te:Le as 251 to 224, leaving a clear balance of 27. 4 t o t144 ( 1 , the hotbed of whiggery, the numbers were 44 .10 • t , 7 ) le aving yet upon the British isles an absolute o f 1 3 in f avour o f Si r R o b e rt Peel. The "labels4l4 brought in 66 mercenaries to the ministerial 4 N it :: f or Which P rotes t an t I re l an d cou ld o n ly afford %N. :``rPoise o f 31 ; thus leaving a b a l ance o f 35 to i eigh „ i ( i f , the British verdict in our favour by the n -its 22, which sealed this so-called and scanty rY. Ar lto Ofir b , a n and analysis of Scottish and Irish boroughm on ° traffic i n c l ose coun ti es , we h av e neither 4t ge r space, nor w e con f ess a ny disposition to enter ;, to t : Rottenn ess i s th e genera l ru l e , a nd we leave N'o e -11 , °lle on th e o th er s id e t o bring forward and huttne exceptions. iraposwe i nvite the attention of our readers to the t fact, th at 41 E ng li s h county mem b ers vo t e d 14 11: -e W higs. Wh a t the eff e ct of a dissolution of t)f I; l4lent will be up on thi s 41, w e think the example i b e ' v°ll Bhir e , and of many another county contest, 41 44 Z ve satisfied our rea d ers : an d we d are sa y th ese hib . - ar e regi stered carefully enough at the R e f orm (4 1'. ? 'he y have a balance, too, of 41 against us Sid le ; e cinnell's o b servat i on as to t h at appropr i ate 14 k% "nes in fitly enough again in these two last 4 naiL et4) in the English cities and boroughs, the tki - vre Is • . 4 11 being 188 to 147 ; and this balance we leave tt'sregrieat Confidence to the liquidating influences of a Z tio n- And we are by no means without san 'l4 ado that in Scotland and Ireland much may -o L tl e• At all events, in these portions of the *lve Aire things cannot go more against us than they -sad Cantabit vacuus : we are secure against I I• r nte here f or one moment to adm i re t h e tru l y 14 kb2 td estY and force of argument with which the liort.`rs cl a i m additional representations for their thty l Z l of the empire, because in every great contest It s t:ve turned the scale in favour of the liberals ! l kt el tl 7 words, whenever the stake of government has toNn fairly set to hazard, Great Britain has always been 1 1. 4 1 t :as has always been radical,-Ire 'n, :ts always had its way ;-and yet justice to Ire 44ve i(lllires that the Milesian mercenaries should 41 4 i t ite number of their myrmidons augmented ! ! • ,%' tra wild justice" with a vengeance. :ertai o lt ge rumo urs are afloat as to the terms on which Sir 1t.040i-disant liberals have offered their support to W hen h be rt Peel, Ephialtes got but a poor reward rtio N e betrayed his country to the Persian at Ther -114 ' the scoundrel who sold the immortal Wallace do il la ot r4 ed the guerdon of universal infamy. Now we t at t r 2, la nk Mr. Fielden of Oldham, the solitary radi ket,Zor, for his unsought vote. Neither, we sus ilervatilll those worse renegades, the professing con !lkVe Va, Messrs. Gibson, and Goddard, and Ingham, 1 54 0 , 111 . il eh cause to reflect with satisfaction on their l's.47lnions b etrayal of th e pr i nc i p l es t h ey b ase l y pro - Hume ind ee d pra i se d t h em f or t h e i r can 114;e'rtu such praise came well enough from Mr. to be b estowed on g _`' th a t drivelling virtue of this moral age, C ' A`rid ur ! th at softens party's headlong rage, tiod se es, with nice discriminating sight, )3 141, ' ke k 's not ,yo black, nor white so very white." uette r black mien, who do know the difference between ly . and white, W il l • 4, The co judge these proceedings different ' cor in . n ntry will commend them to their respect ceive th e r tl __ ei lts, from whom, we hope, they will re 11.4inortan, cWard they richly deserve. From that very exi t Place, Cricklade, we confess but little is to tea (144tiori there can be little room then for the cir of r""tical intelligence and the wholesome in terchange of opinion. We commend it to the earnest reformers, and hope they will find it a place in the sche dule Aof their new reform bill. But we look with confidence to Ipswich and South Shields. We have thus endeavoured in this and our last num ber to estimate the present position of public affairs, because it must be evident to every person of religion and good sense that a strong under current is at work, though a temporary calin may brood upon the surface, and that, for good or evil, this current may be guided, but cannot be restrained ; and we know of no way for saving the British empire from the perilous dilemma into which, by wicked counsels, it has unhappily been brought, except by cultivating among the people at large a habit of calm and serious reflection. Fixedness of purpose for good, and steadiness in resisting blasts of strange doctrine and sudden excitement, are the only safeguards which the recent changes in the balance of power have left to the British constitution. If we can contribute in the smallest and most limited degree to cultivate these great principles, we shall not have been wholly useless. Few towns are so intelligent as this good town of Liverpool, and nowhere is it more important that sound principles should flourish and increase, since none exercise by their example a more extensive influence over the public mind. And we shall never remember without the liveliest sense of pride and pleasure, that the tradesmen of Lii-erpool have set to their brethren throughout the empire the noble exam ple of uniting in an association, whose avowed object and consistent practice has been not more to support the good they found existing in the institutions of their country, than to promote the diffusion of sound principles, religious, moral, and political, by every law ful means. This course will save the country yet : if it does not, we are lost irredeemably. Di feliciter Vortant ! William Ewart has been declared duly returned as a member of Parliament for the borough of Wigan. This is just what we expected. The constitution of the committee, composed as it was of seven liberals against five conservatives, convinced us that the case of the petitioner was hopeless. Who ever heard of an instance in which a liberal committee decided otherwise than according to their political bias and in favour of a fellow-reformer ? Henceforth, at least untiLan altera tion takes place in the system of deciding upon con troverted elections, we would advise our conservative friends to abandon their petitions the moment they discover that a majority of their adversaries have been placed upon the committees. It is worse than useless to expect a tribunal in which the liberals have a decid ing voice to have any regard for the justice of any case. The result of the petition against Mr. Ewart's re turn has furnished us with another proof of the ne cessity of some reform in the system of deciding upon controverted returns to Parliament. The evils of the present system are of too extended a character, and involve interests too important in their nature, to be allowed to continue much longer. We are glad that the subject was brought so prominently before the House of Commons on Friday evening last. Among the speakers who delivered their sentiments on Sir Ro bert Peel's " Election Petitions Trial Bill," we find Sir George Strickland, who, our readers may recollect, obtained an unenviable degree of notoriety, as the chairman of the Hull Election Committee. He com- plained bitterly of the animadversions which had been made upon his conduct; but he altogether forgot to mention that he had given as many as ten double votes in his capacity of chairman. He also forgot to say that but for these double votes, many of the extraordinary decisions of the committee would have been reversed. The reply of Sir Henry Hardinge was of the most stinging character. How applicable are his concluding words to the liberals in general ! He said, in reference to Sir George Strickland, " Such, in a word, was his conduct, that if the bill now pending, shall give a right of objection against any individual as a member of a committee, I never will hear that hon. baronet's name proposed, without stating that I consider him disquali fied for any such function, not by his motives, because those I cannot read, but by his incompetency, his ig norance, and his want of common sense." Whether Sir Robert Peel's bill is calculated or not to reined)" all the existing evils in the mode of deciding upon the merits of election petitions, there can be no doubt that a change is loudly called for—a change which shall tend, at all events, to produce something ' like uniformity in the proceedings and decisions of election conmitttees. •!.• f observable in these proceedings is, undoubtedly, owing to the ambiguity of certain clauses in the Reform Bill. Would it not be advisable to pass a series of short declaratory acts, fixing and defining the exact meaning and application of those clauses ? Would it not be also advantageous to furnish each committee with a code of instructions, in conformity to which all its de cisions should be framed ? We see no reason what ever for removing the trial of controverted elections from the jurisdiction of the House of Commons. As to Mr. Buller's suggestion that three assessors should be appointed to try every election petition, the absur dity of this plan was fully demonstrated by Sir Robert Peel. In the month of March, 1838, there were, on an average, seven election committees sitting simulta neously. How could three assessors assist seven com mittees ? But, whatever alteration may take place in the law on this subject, little benefit can be expected to result from it until we have a more honest set of men in the House of Commons than the present liberal majority. Mr. Sleigh (so we find him designated in the New York papers) has just published a pamphlet, entitled "A Visit to the Corporation Schools in Liverpool," in which he has thought proper to indulge in certain re marks respecting his late connection with the Liverpool Standard. We have hitherto carefully abstained from making any allusion whatever to this gentleman's se cession from this paper, in the full conviction that the reasons which he has publicly assigned as the cause of his resignation, would be considered by our conserva tive friends as an ample justification of the conduct of the proprietors of this journal. As to the liberal faction, we did not care one fig what they might think or say in reference to " the stand " on which Mr. Sleigh takes such a large amount of credit to himself. Our silence has been more than justified by the publication of the pamphlet to which we have alluded. The con servative public must now lie fully satisfied that Mr. Sleigh is a liberal of the first water in politics, and an anythingarian in religion, and, of course, as such, a very unfit person to have the conduct of a journal essentially constitutional in its principles, and pledged, in the most unqualified manner, to advocate the interests of the Protestant Established Church. If Mr. Sleigh had confined his remarks to the sub ject of the Corporation Schools, we might have con tented ourselves with consigning his pamphlet to that oblivious contempt which is its only merit : but as he has, in his introductory remarks, sought to implicate the character of the proprietors of the Liverpool Standard, we feel called upon, in justice to them, to repel his in sinuations. We shall not stop to inquire who was the " gentle man" who called upon Mr. Sleigh to " fulfil his pro mise" to visit the Corporation Schools. He may pos sibly be a member of the Education Committee, or a phantom of Mr. Sleigh's imagination. Nor are we curious to know at whose "request" the pamphlet on which we are commenting has been published. We hope that the expense of printing it will not be de frayed out of the corporate funds. These things we pass by. Among the " preliminary remarks" which Mr. Sleigh makes, we find the following assertions : " When he was invited to edit the Journal before men tioned, he consented to do so upon the distinct understanding that it was TRUTH, and not party, he was to advocate and defend :—that he was to render equal justice to all—and not to defend error, even in friends ; if any, therefore, imagine that he ever joined that paper for the purpose of defending TORIES, and repudiating WHIGS and RADICALS, right or wrong,' they are very much mistaken." Mr. Sleigh must be possessed of a most marvellous stock of ignorance or presumption, if he imagines that the public of Liverpool can be gulled by such state ments as the above. Would it be credited that the proprietors of the Albion, the Times, the Mercury, the Journal, or the Chronicle, would be disposed to intrust the editorial controul of their respective journals into the hands of parties without any fixed principles in politics ? Is it not equally absurd to expect that the proprietors of a conservative paper should be guilty of such palpable inconsistency ? The fact is, that Mr. Sleigh was engaged by the proprietors of this journal under the persuasion that he was a conservative and a churchman. It turns out that he is neither. Who has been deceived ? Is it Mr. Sleigh ? Did he not, in his prospectus, pledge himself to support those principles which have been all along advocated by the Standard ? If he could not conscientiously do so, why, did he accept the en gagement ? If he did not think that the " tories" were " right," and that the " whigs and radicals" were "wrong," he was not acting candidly in reserving this opinion to himself. If he did not believe that the interests of " truth" were identical with the cause of the conservative " party," why did he so far compro mise his character as to undertake the editorship of a journal irrevocably pledged to the support of conser- vatism ? But we must come to the circumstances which con stitute the gravamen of Mr. Sleigh's charge against the proprietors of this paper. On the 12th ultimo, Mr. Sleigh inserted an article of two columns and a half in the Standard, in which he lustily abused the liberal majority in the Corporation, for refusing to concede the prayer of a petition, forwarded to that august body, by the Operative Protestant Association. The system of education adopted in the -Corporation Schools was likewise denounced, in the same article, with no ordinary degree of severity. Appended to this article there was a note, in which Mr. Sleigh confessed his utter ignorance on the subject on which he had been just writing so confidently ! This note—so self-contradictory in its character —was, to use the elegant phraseology of Mr. Sleigh, " stricken out" by the proprietors of the Standard. The reason of this elision is self-evident. They did not wish Mr. Sleigh, through the medium of their paper, to make a fool of himself. This conduct was highly commend able. It indicated a degree of concern and sympathy for Mr. Sleigh, which his subsequent conduct has proved him to be scarcely deserving of. We see nothing " unjust" in this proceeding, on the part f the proprietors. They were not bound to subject their journal to the serious charge of inconsistency and hypocrisy, merely to please Mr. Sleigh, or to subserve his "personal interests." The proprietors of this paper never assigned as an " excuse for the exclusion" of the note in question, " that if it had been published, the writer would then have been obliged to visit the Schools, and publish the result, which would at once corroborate all that Mr. R had said respecting them, and contradict the declaration of the Rev. Messrs. —, —." No such result could have followed Mr. S.'s visit to the Schools —no such result has followed it, as the pamphlet before us fully demonstrates. Mr. S. has left the School question exactly where it was, as we shall prove on Friday next. It may be as well, in conclusion, to state, that in no instance but one did the proprietors of this journal mutilate Mr. S.'s leading articles, as alleged by him. In one article he classed the Methodists among the enemies of the Church of England. This being noto riously contrary to fact, the article was slightly altered. We have reluctantly entered upon these explanations, not because we were afraid that Mr. Sleigh's statements would have any effect upon that portion of the public whose opinions we respect, but to show the liberals of the Town Council what sort of person it is that now comes before them, cap-in -hand, as a candidate for corporate patronage. CORRESPONDENCE. WEIGHING PAPER WITH GROCERIES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Silt,—ln consequence of several paragraphs having ap peared in the different papers respecting the illegality of weighing the paper with raw sugar, I, for one, should be glad to know by what authority these notices have been given. The sugar-bakers weigh both paper and cord with their lumps, and surely the retailer cannot afford to weigh it out without the paper. It is illegal to mix chicory with coffee, and sell the same for. coffee, but I never knew before that it was illegal to weigh the paper with sugar. By giving inser tion to the above, you will oblige A CONSTANT READER. April 29th, 1839. " THE NEW ART." ON THE SOLAR INFLUENCE IN PRODUCING PHOTOGENIC DRAWINGS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SlR,—Having read your interesting article on the above subject, in the Standard of Friday last, I beg your insertion of the following remarks, which may not be uninteresting at the present time. Having, about ten years since, been en gaged in an extensive series of experiments, while investi gating the phenomena of " Solar Phosphori," I was naturally led to the correlative subject of the influence of solar light on MtAtiblttileeti illiu. - be happy to furnish you with the experimental results ; but for the present shall confine myself to the " New Art," as it is called. The discovery of this property of light is not so new as is generally imagined ; for we find that the subject was investigated by Scheele, the celebrated Swedish chemist, who died in 1786, after conducting an elaborate series of ex periments on the solar influence on the salts of gold ; though, I believe, he never proposed its application for copying draw ings ; but to the capacious mind of our own illustrious Davy the application at once suggested itself. Among the papers of the Philosophical transactions of the period (about twenty years since), he distinctly describes a mode of copying paint ings on glass, and transferring them to white leather or paper. The paper or leather is directed to be stained with a solution of nitrate of silver, in the proportion of about 10 of water to lof the salt. On paper, leather, and ivory so prepared, the solar light was transmitted through red, yellow, green, blue, and purple glass. The red was found to have little effect ; the yellow and green were more efficacious ; but the blue and violet were found to produce the most decided effects. The prepared substances were placed behind the painting, and both submitted to the action of the sun. The rays of light transmitted through the differently painted surfaces, pro ducing tints of brown or black, sensibly differing in intensity, according to the shades of the picture. Sir H. Davy also found that the images of small objects produced by means of the solar microscope might be copied without difficulty on paper thus prepared ; the paper being placed at a small dis tance from the lens. Mr. Wedgwood also made experiments on solar light, and proposed its application as a means of co pying drawings. My own experiments were made with the view of ascertaining if silver was the only metal that could be thus acted upon. I operated with mercury, bismuth, lead, tungsten, and gold (in solution), applied to paper as above, with all of which I produced effects more or less distinct; an account of which I shall be happy to furnish you ; but as they are rather lengthy, I must defer them for the present, and shall feel obliged by your correcting the following typogra phical errors, which appear in my letter of last week on the " Analysis of Carbonate of Barytes,"—the word " focusses" being thrice used instead of " forceps ;" for " ferrocyanureta of potassium," read " ferrocyanuret ;" for " ginelins," read " Gmelins" (the professor's name) ; for " nitrade of baryta," read " nitrate of baryta ;" for " percelain," read " porcelain crucible ;" and for " Charels," read " Charles."—l am, &c. CHARLES FLUDE. Liverpool, April 29th, 1839. CARBONATE OF BARYTES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sir,—Having observed in your paper of Friday last, a long rambling letter, addressed to me by a person signing himself " Charles Flude, Practical Chemist," I beg the favour of being allowed a brief reply. Though I do not hold myself responsible for the various statements reported by chemical adventurers, who desire to push themselves into notoriety, by publishing their obtruded discussions with me, yet the arrogance and inflated vanity of this chemical champion, demands exposure. That portion of the public who may have seen his letter, and are interested in chemical analyses, I would refer to the works quoted to convince themselves that the " Practical Chemist" cannot read correctly, or his comprehension of the author's meaning is very imperfect. The real object of Flude's letter is to excite public atten tion to the Barytes mine therein named ; to effect which a most extraordinary course has been adopted,—that of pub lishing the opinions elicited in conversation, from a private individual ingeniously distorting and perverting those opinions with the view of publicly exhibiting himself. It is too well known to require mention here, that wherever pure Carbonate of Barytes exists, whether in nature, or as an artificial product, the atomic proportions of its constituents, oxide of barium and carbonic acid, must prevail and be identical ; the difference that may exist in the quantity of carbonic acid, depending on adventitious matters combined with any given specimen, whether lead, strontian, lime, or any other ; these admixtures being very common, led me to state that no native carbonate of barytes, with its various impurities, was found to contain more than 20 per cent. of carbonic acid in 100 parts ; and it needed not the elaborate display of " Fludes's" analysis to convince me, or any por tion of the chemical world, of the fact. The probability of such an analysis having been performed by Mr. F. is very equivocal ; for, although the description of its performance, and the language is fastidiously scientific, he does himself permanent dishonour, and libels the science of chemistry, by making sulphuretted hydrogen, and hydro-sulphuric acid synonimous; by puffing himself into notice, in blowing respired air through a tube, to rid an alkaline base of carbo nic acid ; by styling Thomson (Thompson) —by giving Klaproth's analysis as Thomson's, whereas it has been copied into his Outlines of Mineralogy, Geology. &c., from Beitrage, vol. 1. 271, and by his incorrect terms. If the " Practical Chemist" shall have hurt the spleen of any " Tyro " through laughter at the perusal of his folly, doubtless he will be chargeable with the consequence.—l am, Sir, yours, &c. SAMUEL TAYLOR. Seddon-street. April 29, 1839. DOUBLE MAIL TO DUBLIN. - It was fully intended that the morning and the evening mail-boats to Dublin should commence running on the Ist of May, and the City of Dublin Company were ready to fulfil their part of the contract. The Post-office authorities have, however, postponed the com mencement of the double mail until the Ist of June. The London and Birmingham Railway Company will not, it is supposed, be ready to expedite the mail trains, which are in tended to be in connexion with the steamers, so early as had been expected. A CASE OF STABBING.—Another of these oft-repeated practises occurred on Saturday, in Drury-lane. While a young lad, named William Cross, was passing along, he met another, at whom he made a playful thrust with a stick. The other boy immediately took out his penknife, with which he made several thrusts at Cross, and at last succeeded in piercing his chest nearly over the heart. The blood flowed freely, but no immediate danger was apprehended. Two or three hours after the receipt of the injury, violent inflamma tion of the chest came on ; but on Sunday his medical at tendant, Mr. Hutchinson, of Mill-street, gave a favourable account of him. LIVERPOOL HUMANE SOCIETY. A meeting of the members of this Society was held yes terday in the Magistrates' Room, Sessions House, for the purpose of receiving the report of the Provisional Com mittee appointed by the public meeting held in the month of January last, and for the permanent establishment of a So ciety to prevent and mitigate the evils of Shipwreck on the coast. The MAYOR presided.—His Worship briefly explained the objects for which the meeting was convened. They were aware that a provisional committee was appointed in the month of January last, to relieve the sufferings of those who sustained any loss or grievance from the effects of the dread ful hurricane with which the country in general, but Liver pool more especially, was at that time visited—and also, to reward individuals, who at the risk of their own lives, ex erted themselves to preserve the property and lives of others. The committee had called them together to submit the re port of their operations, and in that respect they recom mended the permanent establishment of a society, having for its object, -the mitigation of the evils of shipwrecks, the preservation of life and property, and the rewarding of per sons:who may in any way contribute to promote so benevo lent and desirable a purpose. If that suggestion were ap proved of by the meeting, it would remain for them to adopt such measures as might appear to them most expedient for the permanent establishment of such an institution. The SECRETARY then read the report, which will be seen on reference to our advertising columns. Mr. HORSFALL said the report was very gratifying, but there was one part of it, which stated that relief had been extended to a great number of persons, and which he thought admitted of improvement. This indefinite manner of de scribing the quantity of persons relieved, was not so satis factory as if the numbers were specifically mentioned. As it at present stood, the assistance might have been extended to one hundred or a thousand ; he wished, therefore, that this deficiency should be supplied, and the precise number stated. The report having been thus amended, Mr.C. HORSFALL moved, and Mr. C RAwnorr seconded the motion, that the report just read be confirmed, and that the thanks of the meeting be given to the provisional commit tee, for the judicious manner in which they have carried out the objects of the meeting of the 9th January last. The resolution was unanimously agreed to. The accounts of the treasurer, which also appear in our ad vertising columns, were then read, and confirmed. The MAYOR then stated, that it now remained for the meet ing to decide upon the recommendation cor tabled in the re port, for the permanent establishment of a Humane Society in liverpool. Mr. JAMES AIKIN then rose and proposed the following resolution, which, as it set forth the reasons, and demon strated the necessity that existed for having such a society permanently established, with more force and precision, than he could employ, he would contentliknself with merely read, ing it to the meeting. It was urge'd, by several correspon dents, that it would be desirable and most beneficial, if the society, in addition to adopting the most efficacious means for saving the lives of persons from shipwrecks, should attach to it the duties of a Humane Society generally, as in London, and that both objects should be combined. The preliminary committee did not know how that suggestion might be ap proved of by the subscribers ; and they, therefore, deemed it more proper to confine their views to accidents that should occur in the docks, canals, and the river, thus following the practice of the Humane Society in London, and a small in stitution of a similar kind in Manchester. He had received much useful information on the subject, from a gentleman who had written some pamphlets respecting it, and in one of those he recommended that the two objects should be com bined. As regarded the saving of life from shipwreck, this locality was extremely advantageous for the accomplishment of such an end, as, by the telegraph giving constant informa tion of accidents occurring, and by the acquirements that could be made on all parts of the neighbouring coast, the society would be enabled to hold out strong inducements to all parties to render immediate assistance ; and instead of the society being at the expense of having a life-boat, steam boats in general would find it to their interest to render such succour. He hoped that the Dock Committee would have a steam-boat attached to the Dock Trust, and although it had been said such a measure would be injurious, and attended with a great expense, and that a boat, though nominally kept for such a purpose, would be only used as a pleasure-boat by the Dock Trustees. He trusted they would incur that expense ' • and if even they did use the boat for pleasure trips occasionally, it would be attended with advantage, inasmuch as it would enable them to see the state of the banks, and take the requisite means for improving the navigation of the river. Mr. A. then referred to the great sacrifice of life that was occasioned during the late hurricane, owing to the Dock Trust Committee not having a steam boat of their own, with a sufficiently powerful engine, to take out the life-boat, and render the assistance they otherwise could have afforded, and was then urgently required. As to the expense, that was a minor consideration, in comparison with the loss of life that it would have prevented. No money could be better spent than that which is expended to preserve the lives of our fellow men, and he therefore trusted that the Dock Committee would :see the advantage of attaching a steam-boat to their service. But whether or not, while steam-boats were so numerous as they were along the coasts—while goverament boats, with tenders attached to them, were on the river, the committee did not think that it would be desirable of this soci iety to lay out the funds of the society for the purchase of a steam-boat, but rather to hold out rewards as an induce ment to masters and others to interfere and give assistance whenever it may be wanted. One of the advantages of this society would be, that it would convert the plunderers of shipwrecks into the savers of property, and this of itself was a most desirable object, for, he believed, that nothing so dis graceful prevailed amongst any people as the system of plun der that is to be witnessed along the coasts, even almost within hail of our own doors, whenever a shipwreck takes place. For the protection of property thus driven ashore, it was recommended that a small coast guard should be esta blished ; the expense of such an establishment would be fully defrayed by the increase the revenue would derive from the property saved from plunder. Another advantage would re sult from the formation of this society, by the rewards it will confer. It would make the plunderers see that they could get more for saving than for making away with property that may happen to fall into their hands, for at present they sell whatever comes into their possession at a quarter less than its real value. Stated depots for property thus preserved must be established, and by the benefits which the salvor as well as the proprietor would receive, from following this sys tem, the community would experience immense advantages. Mr. COTESWORTH seconded the resolution. Mr. HEYWORTH, before the resolution was put, begged to suggest an addition to it, which he thought would be a salutary one. He wished it to be stated that the society should have the power of giving remuneration to the maker 1_ 81 7.7.±... i . n r0t:' ittriiid'nignsllol l l6 been made, of the practicability of building light-houses on moving sands ; various other inventions, tending to mitigate the evils of shipwreck, may be brought forward, and as these objects were within those contemplated by the society, he hoped that they would be empowered to give rewards to the authors of such beneficial improvements. As the prevention of evils was better than the mitigation, and from the consi deration of humanity, he begged to propose an amendment to the resolution, that the society be authorised to confer rewards on individuals for well-digested, beneficial inventions for the prevention of the evils of shipwreck. The MAYOR suggested to Mr. H. the propriety of permit ting the resolution to pass, and then proposing his amend ment as a distinct resolution. Mr. Heyworth acceded. The resolution was then agreed to. Mr. AIKIN submitted that the resolution embraced the views suggested by Mr. H., as appeared from the tenor of that part of it which stated, that not only those who actually preserved, but were " instrumental " in preserving human life, were to be rewarded. Several gentlemen recommended that this matter should be left to the direction of the Committee. The MAYOR said it would be more judicious to do so, and Mr. Heyworth stated he would not press his amendment. Mr. AixiN observed, that amongst the valuable corres pondence he had received, were several communications from Sir W. Hillary, with whom originated the Humane Society of London. He gave some most valuable informa tion, and if honorary rewards were to be given, as undoubt edly' would be the case, that gentleman would be the first entitled to one. It was therefore better to leave the confer ring of honorary rewards and medals to the judgment of the Committee. Alderman BOOTH proposed the next resolution, recom mending that donations and subscriptions should be forwarded in support of the society, from other towns in the country, which were as much interested in its objects as Liverpool. Mr. CORRIE seconded the resolution, and it was adopted. Mr. LAWRENCE HEYWORTH moved the following resolu tion—That a donation of not less than £lO will constitute a member for life, and that a subscription of £1 will consti tute an annual member, each being only qualified to give one vote. Mr. T. B. HORSFALL seconded the resolution, and it was unanimously carried. Mr. R. EDWARDS moved that in addition to the com mittee formed, with the power of granting rewards, other committees and sub -committees should be nominated, as necessary to carry out the society. It being proposed, that the chairman and members of the Dock Trust Committee, should be ex officio members of the managing committee of the Humane Society. Mr. EVANS stated, that the duties of the two officers might interfere and clash with each other, and that on the question of expense for instance, he might be called upon to approve of in one place what his duty in another might com pel him to condemn. He therefore thought, that the chair man and members of the Dock Committee should not be included in the committee now proposed. Alderman BOOTH expressed a similar opinion. Mr. AIKIN could not conceive how any clashing or collision could take place in the discharge of the same. duties—in the promotion of the same object,. though in different spheres. If there was any clashing to be apprehended, he hoped it would be in the emulation of each institution to save the lives of their fellow creatures, and he trusted, that in this struggle, which they should have been engaged in before, they would steadily and zealously persevere. The object in nominating these gentlemen ex officio members of the com mittee, was to give the society weight and authority, and thereby to encourage persons unacquainted with the society to send in their subscriptions. On this objection of Mr: E., a lotig desultory conversation occurred, but finally, the resolution, which was seconded by Mr. ASHLEY, was adopted. Mr. J. HINDS proposed, and Mr. POTTER seconded a re solution, specifying the time and circumstances under which, ordinary and special meetings of the society are to be held. Thanks were then voted to the Mayor, and the meeting seperated. Mrs. Gardner, aurist, the fame of whose numerous cures has spread far and wide, is now in Liverpool, and to those labouring under that distressing malady deafness, no oppor tunity of obtaining more immediate and efficacious relief can present itself. _ , - A HIGHWAY ROBBER.—On Friday evening, between nine and ten o'clock, on the Wavertree road, near to where the railway crosses, a young lady was stopped by a highwayman, whO presented a pistol to her breast and demanded her mo ney. She screamed out, and some persons approaching, the man took to his heels ; but he was soon pursued, captured, and placed in the hands of the police. His name is Henry Smith. He was brought up next morning at Kirkdale, before Mr. Rawson and Mr. Rodick, and committed to prison. A true bill was found against him, he pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to twelve months imprisonment. THE WRECK OF THE " YEOMAN. " —Attempts are now making to raise the hull of this fine vessel, which was wrecked off Heysham Lake, near this town, in the great gale of January last ; the captain and crew being all lost, with the exception of one man. She was bound for Demerara, and had on board several hogsheads of coals, and other heavy materials. At a sale on the coast, the ill-fated vessel and her cargo were sold for £4O, reserving to the owners a box of dollars (which was stowed away under the captain's berth), if ever it should be recovered. The purchasers were a number of Heysham and Poulton fishermen, who raised the money among them, and made several attempts, but without success, to raise the sunken vessel, a part of whose hull may yet be seen at low water. They have accordingly summoned Mr. Barnes, of Liverpool, formerly of Warton, who brings to his tasks diving bells and other apparatus for raising vessels and recovering the cargo, besides much expe rience in his work. The terms of his contract are, that he shall have half the value of what he may recover, and it is likely to be a profitable one, as Mr. Barnes is sanguine in his expectations of raising the vessel. Should she, however, be too firmly imbedded in the sand for this, Mr. Barnes thinks there will be no difficulty in taking out the cargo, after which he will blow the wreck to pieces for the sake of the timber. His success is looked for with much anxiety on th e4oas t—Lancaster Guardia*. POLICE INTELLIGENCE, AN IMPUDENT THIEF. On Friday an old man, named Samuel Whitby, was charged at the Police-office, before Mr. Hall, with having stolen two ladies' cloaks. It appeared that, about seven o'clock on Wednesday evening, the prisoner had entered the house of Mrs. Penny, Moor-place, by the back yard door, and that he took one of the cloaks from the back kitchen, and the other from the lobby. The prisoner was seen by Miss Catherine Penny, but she mistaking him for a man who had been at work in the yard, took no notice of the circumstance. The prisoner, however, in retreating through the back door, came in contact with Miss F. Penny, who is totally blind, and in stantly suspecting all was not right, caught hold of him, and called out for assistance. She courageously held him fast until her sister and another young lady came to her assist ance from a distant and upper part of the house, whence they had seen her struggling to hold him. They endeavoured to secure him, but he struck violently at them several times, and then effected his escape, leaving his booty behind. The young ladies were, however, on the alert, and the alarm being given, he was pursued, and taken into custody in Clif ford-street. Both the witnesses spoke positively to his identity, yet he impudently persisted that they had mistaken him for another man, and that he was as innocent as the child unborn. He was immediately recognised by the police as an old offender, and was committed to take his trial at the sessions. YESTERDAY. AN IRISH WEDDING.-ASSAULT ON A POLICE-OFFICER Two Irishmen, Michael Currery, and Timothy Collins, also a young woman, were placed before M r . H a ll, charged with riotous and disorderly conduct, and one of them (Collins) with having violently assaulted police constable No. 93. It appeared, from the statement of the constable, that between one and two on Sunday morning he saw the prisoner Collins in Thomas's-street; that the prisoner came up to him with another man ; that he pulled out a bottle, with rum in it, and a glass, and asked him to drink. Witness refused to drink, saying that he did not drink rum. The prisoner then, using some coarse language, said—" You think it poison, do you ?" Soon afterwards he was jumped upon by the prisoner and others. He entered the house to which the prisoner went to secure him, and while there, Collins, who was standing three or four steps up the stairs, kicked him violently in the right eye. (The witness's eye, which was wrapped up, was much blackened.) Another police constable corroborated the fact of the kick being given, and added, that the prisoner also struck at him with a chair which he held in his hand. The evidence against the female was simply that she had struck at one of the officers, when he had hold of Currery. Mr. Davenport appeared for the prisoner Collins. Currery, who was undefended, and whose face was streaked with blood, said that he and his companions, amongst whom was Collins, who had just been married, had been enjoying themselves in the house, and that he had gone out to endeavour to buy some rum, for which he took the bottle with him ; that he could not get into the public-house, which was closed, and meeting the policeman, he went with him, and was admitted ; that the policeman there drank a glass of whisky, and afterwards partook of the rum, for which he paid ls. 9d. He added, that the policeman and some other officers afterwards came to the house and caused a disturbance. Two other witnesses, an old man, named Diamond, with his arm in a sling, and an old woman, his wife, swore to the constables maltreating Col lins, by throwing him on a bed, and striking him with their sticks in a very severe manner. The old man begged of them not to kill him, and he himself was then struck, and his arm nearly broken. The complaining constable strongly denied the allegatihn that he had gone into the public-house with the prisoner Currery, or had partaken of liquor with him. Another constable also stated, the he had seen the prisoner in the street with the rum in a bottle, and that he had asked him too to drink with him. Mr. Hall, with whom sat another magistrate, said" the evidence given was of so conflicting a nature, that the bench thought it advisable to send the case to the sessions, where it would be satisfactorily decided by a jury. The female pri soner was discharged, and the two male prisoners were required to find bail—themselves in £4O, and two sureties each, in £2O, to appear at the sessions to answer the charge. Mr. Davenport said the prisoners would have great difficulty in procuring such bail, and would prefer that the case should be summarily dealt with. Mr. Hall, however, after con sulting with his brother magistrate, said " The case must go the sessions ; and there it will be thoroughly investigated" Mr. Hall afterwards sent an officer for the publican, at whose house the prisoner Carrery had said the officer complaining had been drinking. HOUSE-BREAKERS. Charles Roberts and John Young, two young men, — the former was fashionably dressed, were placed at the bar under the following charge. inspector Crouch said that on Sunday afternoon, between three and four o'clock, he saw two suspicious characters loitering at the end of Cornwallis street, and withdrew for a time to witness their movements. Soon after the two prisoners, also well known to the police, came up together to the same corner, and conjecturing they were after no good, he employed another police officer to apprehend Young, and laid hold of Roberts himself. Upon Roberts nothing was found, but upon Young were found a small crow-bar or " jemmy" two skeleton keys, and two latch-keys. Mr. Hall said there was no doubt but that they were watching their opport un ity t o b rea k i n t o some h ouse during church time. He committed Young, on whom the implements of robbery were found, to hard labour in Kirk dale gaol, for three months. Roberts was discharged, with strong admonition to beware how he conducted himself in future. CASE OF STABBING BY A YOUTH A good-looking boy, of about thirteen years of age, named Joseph Dutton, was placed at the bar, charged with having stabbed another boy, John Moss, of about the same age, with a clasp knife. It appeared from the evidence that the prisoner, who is employed at Mr. Holt's office, Drury-lane, had been playing with the other boy, and that a slight scuffle ensued between them, when Moss made a thrust at the pri soner with a stick, and received a wound on the breast from the prisoner, who had been seen with the knife open in his hand for some time. One of the witnesses who saw the act, said it appeared to be done accidentally, and that the other boy was the first aggressor. The wounded boy did not ap pear, but a surgeon's certificate was presented to the court, to the effect that he was out of danger, and that there was no doubt but he would recover. The father of Dutton, a re spectable-looking man-appeared, as did Moss's father, who follows the humble vocation of a ship-keeper. Mr. Hall said, that though the wounded boy had struck at the pri soner with a stick in the first instance, that was no justifica: tion for retaliation by means of a knife, and if the result had been fatal, he would have been tried for manslaughter. As it was, he (Mr. Hall) required that his father should be answerable for his appearance, should he hereafter be called upon ; and also, that he (the father) should see that the wounded boy (whose parents were poor,) should be properly to do, and left the court with his son. COMMITMENTS FOR PETTY THEFTS, The following were yesterday committed by Mr. Hall : Anthony Divine, for stealing a board from the Queen's Dock, ten days in Kirkdale.—Ann M`Donald, for en couraging her two children to steal meat, bread, &c. in the public markets, fourteen days in Kirkdale.—Thomas Ken nedy, a little boy, for picking a woman's pocket of some copper, and a tally for a loaf, fourteen days to the Borough gaol.—Frederick New, for picking a gentleman's pocket of his handkerchief, (an old offender,) three months in Kirk dale.—An old woman named Noble, for stealing a piece of beef in the market—a second offence of a similar nature, three months in Kirkdyle. CLASSICAL CHAMBER CONCERTS. Mr. Eyton's second subscription concert took place last night at the Templars' Hall, and was numerously and fa shionably attended. The pieees, both voeal and instrumental, were selected with taste, and went off with great eclat. The vocalists were Miss Swain, Miss May Swain, Miss Ham mond, Miss Stott, and Messrs. Lunt, Ball, Earnshaw, Stott, Davies, G. Lunt, and Wearing. • The instrumentalists were Mr. Herrmann (leader), Messrs. C. Herrmann, Wilton, Da vies, and Eyton. The opening quintett (two violins, two te nors, and-violoncello) was performed by the last named gentle men with admirable precision and effeet. The andante passages were peculiarly delicate, and the execution in the rapid move ments showed an equal mastery in the performers. The madri gal, " Five, five," was sung in a most spirited and accurate manner, and was loudly encored, the applause being prolonged at its close. An instrumental quartette (including a beautiful air) drew down additional applause on the performers, who in this instance as subsequently evinced great powers, whether in the pathetic or the sprightly. The beautiful glte of " May Morning" was scarcely we think sung with the same taste and accuracy by some of the performers as the other songs. The chorus • ` Fair as a Bride" was encored. The Quartette (on instruments) from Hadyn was rich in execution. The conclusion, resembling a Scottish reel, was sprightly, and, we may add, extremely " good humoured." The madrigal, " Welcome Sweet Pleasure," elicited an enthusiastic encore. We have only space to add that these concerts are conducted with such talent and propriety by Mr. Eyton as to entitle him to the support of all who would patronize so delightful and harmless an amusement as a concert. LIVERPOOL FEMALE PENITENTIARY. The Annual Meeting of the subscribers to this most ex cellent charity was held on Friday last. The attendance, though not very numerous, was highly respectable. The Rev. Mr. Lawrence was called to the chair, and the Treasurer submitted to the meeting the account of the receipts and ex penditure of the year, and one of the Secretaries read the report of the committee. It appears that twenty of the unfortunate objects of this society's sympathy, had been restored to their reconciled friends or placed out to respectable service during the past year, making the total number of these successful cases 282, since its establishment in 1811. The number of penitents now in the house were 58, and the sum of £438. 19s. 10d. had been received for work (as sewing, washing, &c.) done during the past year, being nearly one-half of the whole ex penses of the establishment fact which illustrates at the same time both the industry of the inmates, the judicious management of the ladies' committee, and the diligence of the matron and her assistants. The resolutions (for which see advertisement) were advo cated by the Rev. James Lister, John Cropper, Jun. Esq., the Rev. Dr. Raffles, and others, with their accustomed ability, and they dwelt strongly on the painful fact that many of the unfortunate victims of sinful courses, but wishful to abandon their wretched habits and companions, had been of necessity refused admission into the asylum during the past year, for want of the requisite means of support. That the institution was still upwards of £l5O. in debt, notwithstand ing some very handsome donations had been received during the year, and that the operations of the society must be con siderably curtailed, if a generous public did not endeavour to assist the case of these repentant and returning prodigals. We fervently wish that these strong appeals will not be made in vain. • ST. JAMES'S MARICET.—This market is now undergoing extensive improvements and enlargements. When the work shall be completed, St. James's Market will be inferior to none in the town in point of accommodation and usefulness to the inhabitants of the densely populated district in which it is situated. WRECK.—PRINTED CALICOES.—On Friday a letter was posted on 'Change here, addressed by Thomas Hodgson, a customs officer at Barrow, by Ulverstone, to the Liverpool Custom-house, dated 19th April, and stating that a large vessel, which had been wrecked during the late gales, about two miles from the Pile of Foundry, but of which only half had appeared before the spring tides at the time he wrote, was now visible. He deseribes her hull as coppered and copper fastened, and her chain cable as . having a new hawser. Her lading, he says, is prints, tin, p i g- iron, and nail rod iron. Her bottom was discovered the preceding Monday. A " cul tivator" iron, some bales of print, with wood on two sides and three iron hoops round them, were then found ; and there are nearly one hundred tons of iron all in one heap. Up wards of 25 cart loads of prints have been got off, together with a large quantity of copper sheathing. He says the white cotton has a coat of arms—an eagle ; and some of the printed cottons are marked, " John Marsland and Brother, Stock port, British manufacture." A piece of common print is enclosed in the letter : and the writer says, that the cotton enclosed is " printed and published as the act directs by R. and M. Smith and Co. Baxenden, near Blackburn, July 25th, 1838. Warranted best cotton." Some of the cotton is marked " Peel and Co." The letter has been forwarded here, in order to see if any of our merchants and manufac turers can identify the prints, and thence the vessel, all the crew of which, it is conjectured, have perished. Up to Fri day evening, we understand, no one on Change had identified the pattern of cotton in the letter, or recognised the descrip= - don given of other portions of the cargo. WIGAN ELECTION PETITION. The committee assembled to-day at the usual hour, when the chairman announced that the vote of William Hampson was a good vote. Mr. Thesiger then said that he had an application to make, and which was that he might get permission to'change from the class of objections which they were then investigating to another class ; it was only as far as regarded one voter, of the name of Lyons, who- had been brought to the poll in a state of " insensible intoxication." The application was made for the convenience of a barrister, the principal wit ness, who was obliged to attend the Manchester Sessions, which commenced to-morrow. Mr. Cockburn had no objection to the application, were it not that the principal witness, on their side was obliged to leave town owing to the sudden death of his brother, and would not be in town until to-morrow. _ _ . Mr. Thesiger then said he should proceed with the class of removals, and began by objecting to the vote of John Mil ligan. It appeared in evidence that the voter, who was re gistered for a house in Hope-street, on the ith of January, let his house up to the 12th of May to a Mrs. Acland, subject to the approval of his landlady. He accordingly left the house, and removed his furniture, but the landlady refusing to do certain repairs, Mrs. Acland abandoned the tenancy, and gave him ten shillings as a compensation for the trouble he had in removing his furniture. Milligan returned to the house, and found that the landlady had put padlocks on the doors inside, so as to prevent his entering, notwithstanding which he kept possession of the house and slept in it, Mr. Thesiger, against the vote, contended, that under the reform act there must be a continual occupation for twelve months ; in the present instance there was an abandon ment, though the period being only one night, still it was fatal to the vote. Mr. Cockburn hoped that the committee would not stultify themselves by reversing their decision in the case of William Milligan, where they decided that occupation was not parted with when the key was kept ; in that case it was in the hands of a neighbour. In the present instance, though the voter removed his furniture and slept out of the house but for one night, still he kept the key. Moreover, the letting of the house was only conditional, provided Mrs. Acland could en ter into an arrangement with the landlady, and therefore, the condition not being complied with, the possession re mained with them. The room was then cleared, and after a few minutes con sultation, The Chairman announced that the vote was bad. Mr. Bere, on the part of the petition, objected to the vote of Johh Coyle. There was nothing of any particular interest in this case. There was much contradictory evidence. The committee, after a short deliberation, declared the vote to be good. It being four o'clock, they separated, the sitting member being in a majority. FRIDAY. The parties were equal on the poll, on the committee, this day, assembling. It was now proposed by counsel for Mr. Kearsley to strike off the vote of Thomas Lyon, recorded on the poll in favour of Mr. Ewart, on the ground that the voter was in a state of intoxication at the time. After hearing two witnesses, one being named Mr. Wil kins, with a view of establishing that fact, Mr. Gaskill was called. Mr. Cockburn objected to this gentleman's evidence being taken, on the ground that he was one of the sureties of the petitioner, and consequently was interested in the result. A lengthy argument succeeded upon the point, between Mr. Cockburn and Mr. Bere, at the conclusion of which the committee decided that Mr. Gaskill could not be examined as a witness. A person, named Taylor, who acted as poll-clerk for Mr. Kearsley, was then called. He stated that on the voter pre senting himself, Mr. Gaskill said " That man is not in a fit state to poll," and he directed that the returning officer should be informed of the circumstance. This was spoken in so loud a voice that it must have been heard by the per sons around. Lyon was drunk when he came up, and was supported on the right and left. Cross-examined—l have been as drunk myself many times (laughter) as Lyon was when he came up to poll. There was a great crowd assembled at the time, and several persons were brought up supported by their friends. It was towards the close of the day. I did not see many other voters come up to poll when they were drunk. I saw persons who had had liquor came up to vote. When the voter came up to poll I was close by the poll-clerk. I heard Mr. Gaskill say to the poll-clerk, "Do not enter that vote." I did not hear the poll-clerk say, " The vote is entered." I will not swear that he did not say so ; but I did not hear it. I did not hear what Mr. Seager, the assessor, said. 1 had not entered the vote in my book. I heard the poll-clerk ask the voter for whom he voted. Mr. Seager and Mr. Gaskill were standing behind. Re-examined--We make our entries without copying from the poll-clerk. Before I had made my entry I heard Mr. Gaskill say what I have already stated. By the Committee—The poll-clerk's name is Byers. I believe his political opinions are favourable to Mr. Ewart. Mr. Cockburn—We understand that he was drinking with Mr. Kearsley's friends : but what is the opinion of the wit ness ? The witness said, that towards the close of the day Byers said " We shall beat you now"—(a laugh.) Mr. Bere—That is an indication certainly which side his political feelings ran. In defence of the vote, Mr. Ralph Greenhough was called—l am one of the ma gistrates for Wigan. The voter, Thomas Lyon, occupies a house under me. I canvassed hi m f our or fi ve days before the election for Mr. Ewart, and he promised me his vote. I never knew him to vote otherwise as regards political feel ings. The first time I canvassed him for his vote, he said, " I would rather not vote at all, but if I do vote, I will not vote for the tones." On the morning of the election I called on him and took him to the rendezvous. He was then sober. I saw him an hour afterwards. He was not particularly sober—(laughter.) Cross-examined.—There was a breakfast at the rendezvous, _ _ " the Black Horse," to Mr. Ewart's friends. More than 20 breakfasted there. I saw the voter again at 10. He had more liquor. (Laughter.) He could stand then, but he was sitting at the time. I saw no more of him that day. I never knew that he had voted on any previous occasion in the op posite interest. Mr. Rees Bevan said he acted as deputy mayor at the last election, and saw Lyon at the booth. He appeared to have had liquor, but he was in such a state as to know what he was about. He answered the poll-clerk, and he appeared to understand it. Witness heard the poll-clerk say, " For whom do you vote ?" Lyon hesitated a little, and said Jat J - 4e r tiiiiltQLsiatait_44ldjy.____Witness was pre- vote was recorded. Mr. Gaskill said to Mr. Seager, that a man had come up who was liquor ; upon which Mr. Seager said that the man should have been stopped, and should have come up again. Cross-examined—l believe that Lyon was supported on each side. I presided for the first time at the general election. I did not see Lyon come up to the polling booth. I did not hear Mr. Wilkins address Mr. Seager respecting the vote, but I will not swear that he did not. I heard Mr. Gaskill call out and say that the voter was not in a fit state to poll. I did not hear Mr. Seager say " Let the man be taken back, he evidently does not know what he is about, and let him come up again." I heard Mr. Seager say to Mr. Gaskill, "If you intend to appeal you may take a note of it." I did go about canvassing for Mr. Ewart. I knew Lyon before he came up to vote. I had never engaged to pay him a former bill. I have seen Mr. Part (an agent) since this vote was under investigation, he told me that Mr. Wilkins had said that the questions were not in the polling books. I did not see Mr. Part talking to Mr. Greenhough. Re-examined—Mr. Part said nothing to me about the evi dence which I was to give. I saw many other voters sup ported in a similar manner throughout the day. By the Committee—The poll clerks were appointed by the town-clerk. The objection was made to me against the man voting. My opinion was that the man was in liquor, but he knew what he was about. The assessor was the person to whom I had to look. _ _ _ Mr. Acton examined—l was acting as an agent for Mr. Ewart at the election, and saw Lyon come up to vote. The witnesses corroborated the testimony of previous witnesses called to substantiate the vote. In his cross-examination the witness stated that he was a short distance only from the voter ; that he could not hear all that was said ; that the voter was undoubtedly very drunk ; that the supporters wore blue ribands ; that there was some cheering on the man coming up ; and that the was a good deal of confusion at the time. No decision was come to with regard to this vote when the committee adjourned. SATURDAY. At the conclusion of the sitting this day, Mr. Ewart was declared duly elected a burgess to serve in the present par liament for the borough of Wigan. It was also resolved, that the petAion against the said return, and the opposition to it, were neither frivolous nor vexatious. THE ALKALI WORKS.—We understand that John Allen, Esq., of the Heworth Chemical Works, has succeeded in de vising a plan which renders muriatic acid perfectly harmless. This desirable object is effected by condensation. His plan has been in operation for several weeks, condensing the gas generated in the decomposition of from 40 to 30 tons of mu nate of soda per week. The apparatus used is very ingeni ously contrived, yet simple, economical, and applicable to the most extensive scale of manufacture, and, we have no doubt, will be speedily adopted by other manufacturers.—(Gates head Observer of Saturday.)—We trust that certain chemical nuisance makers, in Liverpool, will try Mr. Allen's plan, as from present appearances, the nuisance from the chemical works will soon be as great as ever it was.—Rd. Albion. HIGHWAY ROBBERIES.—It will be well for those who are in the habit of being out late at night to be on their guard against a gang of desperate ruffians who have recently com mitted several outrageous robberiesin thetowns and suburbs. A few nights ago, Mr. Leatherbarrow, printer, of Fontenoy street, was attacked, near his own door, by three or four ruffians. One of them placed his hands on Mr. Leather barrow's mouth, while the others rifled his pockets. They took from him every thing he had about him, with the ex ception of his watch, and this they missed, in consequence of the chain having broken.—On Saturday last three men, who gave their names as Roberts, M`Cartney, and Darcey, were placed before Mr. Hall, charged with having assaulted and robbed Mr. Charles Double, a shipping agent, in the service of Messrs. Fawcett and Preston. Mr. Double re sides No. 118, Portland-street. On Friday night last, after he left off business, he went to a tavern in Henry-street, and about eleven o'clock, he set out on his return homeward. At Mile-end, opposite a blank wall, he was overtaken by some men. One of them rushed upon him, and held his hands tightly over his mouth. Another snatched his watch from his fob. The others had surrounded him, and he heard them say, " Have you got it?" The one who had his hands over his mouth loosed him, and the other instantly knocked him down, when all three ran off in the direction of Lime kiln-lane. He (Mr. Double) called " Stop thief !" and pursued them. On reaching the top of Mile-end, he found two of them in custody. Those were the prisoners M`Cart ney and Roberts. He recognised them immediately, Roberts as being the man who put his hand over his mouth, and M`Cartney the man who took his watch. Police-officer Shenton, No. 248, stated, that, about twenty minutes before twelve o'clock, he and Inspector Fresh were standing near the top of Mile-end when they saw Roberts, M`Cartney, and Darcey, with two other men, run past them in a direction from Scotland-road. They stopped the three prisoners, and , presently afterwards, heard Double calling out Stop thief !" He came up and recognised Roberts and M`Cartney. They were all three taken to Bridewell. Officer Cookson, No. 88, stated, that he was on duty in Scotland-road, and, about twenty minutes to twelve o'clock he heard a cry of " Stop thief !" He ran towards Limekiln-lane, and passed the pro secutor, who was just getting up from the ground. He found the prisoners in custody. It appeared, that when the prisoners were at Bridewell, while the clerk was booking them, Cooksoon saw M`Cartney endeavouring to conceal a watch and chain. He immediately took it from him. The prosecutor identified the watch and chain as his property. M`Cartney, when the officer took the watch from him, said, " You have been taking a drunken man to Bridewell, and you've taken his watch from him. I never had that watch at all." As it did not appear that there was sufficient evi dence against Darcey, he was not included in the committal. Mr. Hall asked him what he was, and he replied that he was a coachmaker. He was discharged. M`Cartney and Roberts were committed for trial. Roberts and Darcey were tried together, for robbery, at the last sessions, and acquitted. From some circumstances which have transpired, it appears that Darcey was engaged in the transaction above described. As the highway robbery was committed by five persons, there are thiee now at libertY.—AlbiGn. UNITED STATES. By the packet-ship Independence, Capt. Nye, which sailed from New York on the Bth instant, and arrived here yesterday, we have received papers from the United States to tl,l above date inelusive. The Independence arrived ,at Liverpcipl Jvfore The Cantbridge, the packet 4 I, of the Ist. . We subjcin the most important extracts from 'the New York papers:— (From the - Courier and F.niniter of April 5.) The Globe c. ntains the following letter of General Scott, announcing the amicable adjustment of the North Eastern Boundary dispi te. _ • . . • - Head-quarters, Eastern Division, Augusta, Maine, March 26, 1839. Sir,—l have the happiness to enclose herewith two copies of the arrangement entered into through my agency, between the Governor of Maine and the Lieut.-Governor of the Pro vince of New Brunswick. The copy of my official note to Sir John Harvey . , with his acceptance,of the I rrangement, is in the hands of the. Gove rnor of Maine, and another copy of the same official note; fol lowed by the acceptances of the Lieutenant Governor and the Governor, was yesterday transmitted by me to Sir J. Har vey. At the same time I sent him copiesof two orders which were yesterday issued by the Governor of Maine—the first disbanding the thousand detached militia which his been held in reserve at this place, and the second recalling the mi litary force of the f-tate from the j disputed• territory ; and directing the organization of the civil posse that is to be held by the State in that territory. The papers so transmit ted, and which bore the signature of the Governor of Maine, or that of his Adjut: nt-General, were officially certified by me. I trust that the arrangement between the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, together with my humble agency in bringing it about, will be satisfactory to the President and the Department. The arrangement, I have no doubt, will be executed by the parties to it in good faith and in cheerful ness. In haste, I have the honour to remain, with' high respect, your obedient servant, WINFIELD SCOTT. :-lon. J. R. Poinsett, Secretary of War. Added to this is the following very friendly and gentle lemanly letter of Sir John Harvey : Government House;' Frederickton, March23:lB39. My Dear General Scott :—Upon my return 'from closing the session of the Provincial Legislature this day, I was gra tified by the receipt of your very satisfactory communications of the 21st instant. My reliance upon you, my dear_ Gene ral, has led me to give my willing ascent to the propoioOn which you have made yourself the acceptable medium.olcou- - veying to me, and I trust that as far as the Province Ali& State respectively are concerned, an end will have : piir, by it, to all border disputes, and a way opened to an amicable adjustment of the national question involved, -; sll4ll-110p.e to receive the confirmation of this arrangement -.on the. part of the State of Maine at as early a period as may.,be,praeti, cable ; and as it is my intention to proceed to Woikstoac: early in the ensuing week, I request you to have tie good ness to address it to me at that place. • , I shall certainly use my best endeavours to protee . t the timber on the valley of the - St. John, within the dipOted territory, from depredators, and shall probably place for this purpose, a small civil. force at the disposal of the warden.: • I irieve to learn that there is so little chance of my se,int you upon the present occasion ; but I wish you to give me some ground for holding that I may have that gatiticat•ion at as early a period as may be compatible with your many important and arduous duties. Believe me to remain, my dear General, with settimentsef warm esteem, regard; and respect, your faithful friend. (Signed) J. H ARV EY. P. S.—l readily consent to all my letters to yotnbeiug considered as semi-official; and thank you for the suggestion. (Signed) J.A. Major-General Scott, &c. &c. - - (From the Courier and Enquirer of April 8.) MONEY MARKET, &c.—Argent, 7. " • - _ . . . The Stock Market yesterday closed with the same feeling of de pr,ssion, which has characterised all operations since- the—middle of the week, and which has been doubtless caused by th s t eonti.T,l i fd ac, milts of the uncertain standing of several of the Southegn d W( - tern Banks, and the near approach of late and important d_ vie , s from England by the Great Western. In Sterling ExZlia\i,ge for he packet leaving to-morrow, sales have been again effected at t, decline on the rates current for the shipS of the Ist instant, havi ig ranged chicly at 8 C 9 per cent. premium, with a modetp.te bush ess. On France If. 20 is obtained. I Th Detroitt Free Press of March 2gth, says that on. eday befor. the House of Representatives passed the bill to eStaKlisli a State lank, by concurring in all the amendments made thereto by the Sedate. The most material amendment reduces the number el' branches from nine to seven, and provides that they shall be es tablish, d by the Legislature instead of the'Board of State Directors, as the Lill first contemplated. ' Z. • THEP TRE ROYAL. - Mr. Charles Kean appeared in,. the characte: of liandet at this theatre, last night, which vas the first 4 his re-engagement, previous to his intendicl de parture t , r the United States. The house was pretty well attended, but not near so ,numerously as on any 'night of the preceding week. Mr. Kean went through the performance of this dificult part with his usnal ability and judgment, and was frequently and rapturously applauded. Miss Fancit, as ophelia; acquitted herself very respectably, but auto the manner in which the other characters were t usrained; we must adopt with respect to them,.. the language of the brave MajorltiokAes in the play, "in that case, the less is said, the better." The afterpiece was " Fortune's frolic," but few remainet to witness it. REMOVAL OF CONVICTS.—On Saturday last, Maty'Ann Ryan, who was found guilty at the recent assizes, of adiAlis tering poison to a family, was, with another female convict, removed fron. Kirkdale gaol, in pursuance of her sentence of transportation for life. Passengers t rived at the Queen's Arms, Castle-street, per ship Cambridg •, New York, Capt, Bursley, Monday*, April 29th, 1839 F. Whitney and Lady, Boston ; G. D. Wetherill and daughter, Philadelphia; W. H. Levy; New York ; W. F. Posh, do. •, J. H. Richards, Paris ; C. Mowatt, New York ; Cant. Bursley ; Rev. W. Burden, New York. Loup SANDON.—We rejoice to see this noble lord's.name amongst the vice -presidents of the Statistical Society for the current year. his great acquirements and indefatigable.zeal will, we feel sure, tend in no slight degree to promote the ob jects and extend the utility of that truly.valuable -Staffordshire Gazette. • vs* EMIGRATION - TO THE UNITED STATES.—Ate.iyated fortnight ago, that the emigration of people frona is port trestle 1,..k;,+4 women, and children awaiting the departure of i*esisalq. The New York packet ships take out their full complesuent of steerage passengers. The ships of large tonnage tiaras carry upwards of 300 soli's. The passage money for the-steerage passengers on board of one of the liners reached the' large sum of £l,lOOO ! So that. if the "Steameis should:. deprive the packet ships of the cabin, they will not, for some t,itne to come, take from them the steerage passengers also.--illbiou. EMPLOYMENT OF GAs-`WATER AS A MANURE.—I take the liberty of sending you the result of an experiment with gas-water—the water in which the street , ga's ltas been cleansed. Having often thought, that the alkali th6rein con tained must be favourable to vegetation, I was iiidoced,• a few years ago, to try it on a piece of barley land. -1 1 / 2 .'qUarter of an acre was taken in the middle of a field, of rather close soil, in a granite district. The land was of average qUality,: The gas-water was distributed over the quarter acre * by a con trivance resembling that of a common waterinrart, and at the rate of 400 gallons to the acre, about a week before seed time. The difference, both in colour and..vigour,,nf the bar ley-plant, was so strikingly in favour of the nart hainured by gas-water, that persons passing within vieiv'ot the field almost invariably came to inquire about the cause. The yield, also was superior, as well as. the after, pasture,AhAeld having been laid down with the barley. The experiment was tried on a farm of Boslivin, about seven miles from Penzance. My distance from the gas-works has prevented me frjain follow ing up the subject since ; but I feel convinced thWhis water, so often complained of as a common nuisance, nupt be most profitably employed, both in agriculture and horVculture. It might be poured on manure heaps, where it woad probably ee troy grubs, &C., in ad lition to its fertle .nroperties.— Correspondent of the 111 - Grk Lane Express. , "WILLIAM SHAISPEARE " IN TRoUHLE.-4. shabbily attired young man, who gave his name William Shakspeare, and whose appearance altogether was that ofsa strolling player, was placed at the bar, at Marylebonasstreet, on Wednesday last, charged with being drunk, and incapable of taking care of himself, on - the previous day.- ,Mr. Rawlin son (to Shakspeare) : Now, sir, let me hear what•you have to say. Shakspeare lextending his righturia and exhibiting a most awful rent inVhis coat sleeve) : That..l,wsv drunk I'll own : " 'Tis true, 'tis pity, and pity AiSs°!:tis *rue." Mr. Rawlinson (smiling at the accused's grotessrpe look and manner) : For the honour of your name,:MutiliakSpeare, you should conduct yourself With more propritilskin the pub lic streets. Shakspeare : Four worship, 1 matliot the first Man who has "put an enemy into his moutlit t lio Steal away his-brains;" and don't believe that my -.great namesake would have drawn the character of Sir John fitistaff:half so v ell, if he had not properl , - primed himself 5..4t4 sack before he commenced writing. Mr. Rawlinson : Yel4e a very odd man indeed, and you may think -yourselftluelcss that I don't flue you for your drunkenness, You may , ges about I , our business. Shakspeare (laying his -hand , ,orp s his breast) : " Beggar that I am; I. am poor even inil thanks ; yet I do thank you." Qfficer (laying hold of his rin) : Yon must pay a shilling for your dis Charge. Shakspeare - (despond ingly) : I have it not about me ; so prithee let me go. Mr. Rawlinson : You ninst' find a shilling, Mr. Shakspeare, or be locked up. Shakspeare- (imploringly).: I beseech you pardon me; for poverty is- no vrirue,s . and I'm not worth a " beggarly dernier " in the- world,- , The bard of Avon's hamesake was subsequently liVerated, ancldeft the office•with a solemn Steely - ' PICKLING 'WITH VlNEGAR.—Vinegarilitsolves or coagu lates the albumen of" flesh, and therebycounteracts its pu trescehee. The Meat should be washed, dried and then laid in strong vinegar ; or it may beboiledin'thetinegar, iilla ,: eel to cool in it, S and then se<ifsigellottli it init4old cellar, where it will keep sopffor'SeVerrffiontliS; -: firm's Dictionary of Arts and ManztraFriFiirr • t;.. ,asT-s THE LAST `V ITCHES' pXECU,:ers n.INGDO.)Ls, —There is no account of witches, its tl`fe sense we Understand the term, before the year 1400. The Hebrew term, trans lated witch, means literally noisoner ; Jana' makician,-Inimi tively signifying a wise nasn, so witch prOperlOsignified a skil ful woman, and was applied to simples atuizitedicines. The following brief notice of the last persons 'who suffered for witchcraft in these kingdoms is curionsin 1628, a girl, nineteen. years of age, in the town of Alttritn; having eaten a leaf of sorrel,- which she got from a woman reputed, to be a witch, fell into convulsions and vomiting:: - She is said to have vomited horse-dung, needles, pins, feathers bottoms of thread, pieces of glass, nails, an iron knife,iaboYe a span in length, egg-shells, &c. The accused - was immediately com mitted to the county prison, and at thr-assizes held soon after, was hanged and burned ! In •1776 - , , Mrs. Hicks and her. .daughter,- only nine years of age, were lianged at Hun tingdon, for selling their souls to the Devil, tormenting and destroying their neighbours, by making thetas }}omit pins, and raising a storm ! Iu 1722, at Dornoch, - Sutherland, an 'old woman was accused of being a witch. • Herxrime was trans forming her daughter into a pony; 'and getting her shod by the Devil ; of which crime she was found:guilty and burned! The act against witchcraft was repealedinfingland and Sea land about 1750 ; but not in Ireland Until 1821 ! EXPENSE OF TTAvELLING ICI ROSSA.—Travelling in Russia is not so expensive as has genera/Iy been. supposed. Two foreigners visiting that country . rtray live at the best hotels, and, denying themselves no cornatt that the country can afford, will not spend more than' from ./.:26 . t0 £3O a month each. This includes the pinchased , of a carriage, say £4O or £5O, to be sold at the erithof•the journey, and the wages of a native servant en route. **ln zother. words, two people may spend three months• ittitsia, °between the capital and the provindeS—make a journry- of 2,000- miles, and yet lay out no more than £l5O or• 1180 for their joint expenses.—Bremner's Russia. • • " _ WHAT PLEASURE IT IS TO PAY ONE'S DEBTS.—I re member to have heard Sir Thomas 'Lyttleton make this observation. It seems to flow from A combination of cir cumstances, each of which is productive of pleasure. In the first place it removes that uneasiness which a true spirit feels from dependence and obligation. It affords pleasure, to the creditor, and therefore gratifies our sociak affection. It pro motes that future confidence, which is so very interesting to an honest mind; it opens a prospect of being readily supplied with what we want on future oecasichis , ;" it leaves a consci ousness of our own virtue; and - it is' a :measure we know to be right, both in point of justice and. of sound economy. Finally, it is the main support of-- simple reputation-- Sheasione. • ' • - It- 4 ,6c% rsog . • e y: ~ i'*. . .. ~..~ - -sue: ..{ _