The Sun. — London, England, 1847-01-05 00:00:00

_ LIFT trill:it— oil Paterr, it, - elic itoet afl 0, xpe,e 11 fetling A By ai. ob le, the fir may ae(lik health hl n subjects ct of flumes* r crtr forrmition Ira Ited ttiro2ll/ den truth , !ter, it tenet iv it phyeleivil )on that 0. • ion, the lAN rem] health , ur indiviitta io health al/4 'e to rely. 'y imparW: .happl ll " t in fultlll llll our offepria which 11 i f ; he body rnil the kith" ill own Ireit he measure' tee that tn g 1 47, Cornhill; : (leading ally on thes e n till Nino. nd VIGOU6 (In s 60 101 cal Work as of rosters' trictures, EY rated bY and reehleac e• Leaslenhia l ' 63, 010 0. hose who a rli , fear of co , ' trodactioa ;eases, eit, ker lon, shOirLl :al ald, ern'' ly directed I . eaknam, bt r , S. and de b ' i t , 333. per , An An t ! 'ood from !: ' ce, and 17 0 *; ()raper tie''' . t. r 9d.. Is. ($1 " trictures, ilidrance "" of rage air reside/ I °2i till tire, LI Ail) 'INGS. , velope, tags StAlgi - I Tregiti o nd MatUri t l, e Anato l° 2.tive orsw and sho ll4l I, And Oth, it of Ner e ! e r disoag es " lEON, 1, lion° rAri 4centlate e Unioas., Generat i y, ig that ire: . althy actin, ecti on he funcuo:, knell er 1 "; ) , ra •f 14 , u 3 an d 6. 0 Gonsorlice3 egally 4 1 1 " 1/1 6 ; aperlenc e I folliefi atip 'inable st, which my; perms , . dt t no ar deuce; £ and Co., fa orlon, 146 Liverrio l MA 1 .49° ' contain: Bo lEDFOSP. •••• ° g o f the day Stratwo Brow° th exalt' ted; eon' itoes (' twee ,„1 i thor sirJ, pots /1: 1 1 mcPeec"" toes. W e r e ri mnP O6 , l , les, , )3, it, OA diseasn , reduce . ; but, to Ln e e tititP. l l Ind in P.- rrge nurse/ and r d • ; 1 1 =AN wing A r i d ' r it, ably 01 " seen gbbou ne °thy; irs Poi" the T ll ole of s, 1 0 ' 1 1 . !d rer," -- ns its 'ter lan nother of ad faile o i otoine v " ;sue' ..EN.... '. h.......-...-....... chalo POOP Moms , ' incoln's ,hs wia ologio; ........... fitcbell lalnsers ged 36. Ltenstos Sosoll had of ex, J• since • slats, Ben" Mao i (d). [line II I). xt•- T-15A.ST PCM.A.-1,101:118, OCT. fig HE COURT of DIRECTORS , of the LAST INDIA. COMPANY give notice, • • That the T RANSF ER , llooKS do•hereby of the said COMPANY'S STOCK Will be SID IT on THuRsDAY, the 3d of December next, at Three o'cl ock, and.9PENED •AGAIN on THURSDAY, the 14th January, 1 847. , . That the WARRANTS DIVIDENDS of the said STOCK, payable on WEDNESDAY, the 6th January, 1847, under the 11th sect. of the Act 3 and 4 William IV., cap. 85, will be ready to be delivered on that day. JAMES C. MELVILL Secretary SACRED lIARMONIC SOCIETY, EXETER HALL. On FRIDAY EVENING, January 8, 1847, will be performed HANDEL'S ORATORIO, " MESSIAH. PRINCIPAL VOCAL PERFORMERS. Madame Caradori Allan, Mias M. B. Hawes, Mr. Manvers, and Mr, Phillips. Tickets,an and Chorus will consist of above 500 Performers. 38. each Reserved Seats, 55., may be obtained of the Principal Music Se llers; of Mr. Rowley, 53, Charing-cross; Mr. Rios. 102, Strand ; or of Mr. Mitchell, 39, Charing.cross. THOMAS_ WIENER, Hon. Sec. WESTMINSTER BRIDGE. A PUBLIC ETING will be held at the Literary, Scientif c, and Meehanics ME ' Institute, Great Smith-street, West- Minster, on MONDAY evening next, January 11th, at 7 o'clock pre cisely. General SIR DE DE LACY EVANS, K.C.8., M.P., in the chair, Ilrid To consider the proposed Bill f or th e remova l o f W es t m i n ster -ge, and the erection of a bridge in lieu thereof at Charing-cross. The attendance is earnestly requested of the inhabitants of West- Minster, Pimlico, Lambeth, and of all those desirous of opposing a lreasure so inconv en i en t and costly to the public, so destruct i ve of uPortant existing interests and so fatal to all improvement in the "nselY peopled districts of Westminster. Any communication from gentlemen disposed to aid in this opposition may, in the mean time, be New addressee- d y to the " Westmhist e r B r id ga C omm itt ee ," Ki ng ' s A rms , Palacard. • A T a - nurons and highly respectahltipeetifg of the LICENSED VICTUALLERS in Westminstabs held at Mr. G. Tennaut's, the sign of the Westminster Arms, Market-street, W estminster, January 4, 1847, Mr. ALLUM in the Chair, It was re so l ve d . in consequence of the rise upon the price of Beer by the Brew ers, the following bled, and the Trade genera prices should be agreed to by all assem lly : Porter, 4d. per pot in your own jugs, Ditto, 4)4d. in the pewter. Stout and Ales in proportion. ItROTHERTON'S COMMERCIAL HOUSE, 2, WOOD-STREET, HANOVER-STREET, LIVERPOOL. bliss Brotherton begs leave most respectfully to acquaint her Friends andthe public that she is carrying on the above Establish ment, so long conducted by her late parents, and in returning her sincere thanks to these by who so liberally patronised them, hopes by unremitting care and attention to merit a continuance of their support. Miss B. has the satisfaction to state that the house has recently been enlarged to the extent .of Six Show Rooms and Twelve Bed Rae R ooms, which, w i th the acqulsitio Hot and Cold Baths, &c., will, add materially to its co/III:donee and comfort. ,bitem CI RA VESEND -STAB. and BLACKWALL N. 14 B eat and R PACKETS. ail included in One Payment, avoiding the danger and delay of the Pool. ...Prom the B runswick Wharf, Blackwell, at 9%, 1034, I, 3, 4, and ? Sundays, at 9%, 11, 13y, 4, and S. The Trains starting one guar- Ter of an hour before each of these times. S. New Terrace Pier, Gravesend, at 734, 8%, 3 %, 1. 1 54, 1,3, and Sundays, at 83%, 11%, 1, 3, and 5. x •rt—Na other packets call at the Grays or Greenhithe Piers. Star Office, Gravesend, Dec. 28, 1846. CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETT, No. 78, Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury. Instituted 1824. FOURTH DIVISION OF PROFITS. An extraordinary General Meeting of the Proprietors of this Society ,Wlll be held at the O ffi ce, in Great Russell street, on Tntrasnar, the 7th day of January ensuing, at Twelve o'clock precisely, for the pur- Dose of declaring a BONUS out of the Profits which have accrued from the general business of the Society during the Five years end § Jane 30th, 1846, and at that Meeting the Persons Assured have the right of being present. The same Meeting will be made special, in order that the Pro- Dilators may take into consideration the expediency of amending and altering some of the existing laws, regulations, and provisions " the Society, pursuant to the Deed of Constitution. GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Secretary. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY, 26 CORNHILL, LONDON. Capital £500,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament. ' T his Institution embraces important and substantial advantages With respect to Life Aseuranees and Deferred Annuities. The assured ha s , on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for !Enure of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ; 14 0 the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in- I trests to meet other conveniences or necessity. -ates A ssurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible DIVISION OF PROFITS. has Th e remarkable success and increasing prosperity of the Society enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a fourth bonus, varying from 35 to 85 ppr cent. on the premiums paid each Policy effected on the Profit sUle. EXAMPLES, >,. m Bonus Bonus in gg d Assured ''''' ' Premium . e p * 4 added. Cash. §- g - t '' may w g Borrow.X s d. • 2, ..- .-- ---- 1837 X 217 15 1 XlOO 011 Xl6 0 4 £445 0 0 X . 1888 192 3 0 87 141310 2 1 395 11 1 60 1 1000 3 4 1839 165 11 10 74 1911 3 11 346 2 3 1840 116 7 6 54 010 718 10, 296 13 4 1841 11l 6 8 4919 0 710 41 24 7 4 5 The division of profits is annual, and the neat will be made in December of the present year. F. FERGUSON CA.IfROUX, Secretary. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY. 26, Comhill, Dec. 24, 1846. nt -N r otice is hereby given that the Half-yearly Interest, at the rate dae Five Per Cent. per annum on the Capital Stock of this Society, pon the 31st i ns t an t, w ill b e co m e pay a bl e on th e 11th J anuar y . and Proprietors may receive the same on application at this It h ... c c 01 1 that, or any subsequent day, between the hours of ' el l and Three o'clock. By order of the Directors, F. FERGUSON CAIfROUX, Secretary. P o. I I : , I, 4 O R :u p:AN FIRE AND LIFE ASSUR ANCE COMPANY. kED.iTREET, at the Entrance of the Old Post offiCe,.London. DIRECTORS. JOHN LABOUCHERE, Esq., Chairman, .. lien JOHN DIXON, - Esq., Deputy-Chairman. .., I - Y !rase Berens, Esq. George Lyall, Esq., M.P. !ancis Hart Dyke, Esq. Stewart 31arjoribanks, Esq., M.P. r i r xus al oa t: ry r ne ß ay. . ,k Fi gy r , q . j u u h n a ., r, Es ß g ar . t. John Martin, Esq., M.P.E Rowland Mitchell, Esq. Robert Mitford, Esq. hn Gellibrand Hubbard, Esq. James Morrii, Esq. George ge Johnstone, Esq. Henry R. Reynolds, jun., Esq. !MA Loch, Esq. John Thornton, Esq. Lewis Loyd, jun., Esq. James Tulloeh, Esq. AUDITORS. ~A. Roberts, Esq Henry Sykes Thornton, Esq. owitnUel Jones Loyd, Esq. I Henry Norman, Esq. Acrusar—Griffith Davies, Esq., F.R.S. In the LIFE DEPARTMENT, Assurances may be effected at kW Rates without participation in the Profits ; or at moderate Rates With participation in one moiety of the Profits every seven years. At each of the three Septennial divisions which this Company has made, the Bonuses amounted to about I per cent. per annum on the sum assured, or about 27 per cent. on the amount of premium received ; and the whole amount of Reversionary Bonus allotted by the Com pany exceeded 530,000/. Leans granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values, pro vided such Policies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have attained in each case a value not under 501. In the FIRE DEPARTMENT, a Return of profit was declared en the 3th of June, upon the premiums received on all Policies which had been in force seven years at Christmas 1545, and the same Is now in course of payment daily (Friday and Saturday excepted), between the hours of ten and three o'clock, at the Head Office ; and also by the Agents in the Country Districts. I !Notice is hereby given, that Assurances which expire at Ckrist- Mas-day must be renewed within fifteen days at this Offiee, or with Ur. Sams, No, I, St. James's-street, corner of Pall-mall, or with Vie Company's Agents throughout the Kingdom, otherwise they be come void. GEORGE KEYS, Searetary, THE LICENSED VICTUALLERS' and GENERAL FIRE and LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, ADELAIDE-PLACE, LONDON-BRIDGE; 23, THISTLE-STREET, EDINBURGH ; GREAT BRIDGEWATER-STRERT, MANCHESTER ; W ASON-BUILDINGS and MATHEW-STREET, LIVERPOOL. Empowered by Act of Parliament. The Company transact business in every department of Life and Fire Assurance, in Annuities, Reversions, and Loans. LIFE DEPARTMENT. • ACTUIaT—J. T. Clement, Esq. At the last quinquennial meeting there was added a bonus to the 1 4„ Ire Policies equal t o 25 p er cen t. on t h e sums paid, and a bonus of * per cent. to the Shares, in addition to the payment of the annual i nterest. For the convenience of parties wishing to assure for a specific sum, Without a prospective bonus, a new table at lower rates has been c alculated, on which, as well as on the participating scale, one-half Le premium may r ema i n on i n t erest at 5 per cent. for five years, thus enabling a person to insure his life for I,oeol. on the immediate payment of the premium for 5001. only. The following are the annual Premiums for the Assurance of 1001. for the whole Life, one-half of which may remain fur five years by Merely paying the interest annually at five per cent. ; and should the Policy become a claim In the interim, the amount due will then be deducted. Ago 20, without profits .• £1 13 0 With profits . • 30 •....•.......... 119 3 •• . . 2 5 8 40 . 214 ........•• •... ...... 31 3 SO •• •• • For short periods the P--- periods the Premiums are considerably lower, and for any ages or contingencies not usually advertised information may be obtained on application to the Actuary or Secretary. FIRE DIPARTMENT. ~The Company insure houses, furniture, stock in trade, farming Z y k , and every description of personal property, against loss or 'ionae b fire. Theg Directors beg to remind their friends whose due at Ch r i s t mas, that no extra charge is made at Premiums this (Mice b for ecome the transfer of Policies, and that they will be rated on terms peculiarly fareuralble to parties insuring. Insuran ce. may be effected for any period of time ; if for seven years, the kretninni December, and Duty will only be charged for eta. 1346. • JOHN BIG°, Secretary. EYEBROWI-----------:--ur, USTACHIOS, and WHIS KERS producdinT j Prevented by the use of Alreksl. and Baldness removed and S AROMATIC REGENE RATOR, an essential spirit, drawn r2NE' oim aromatic herbs and flowers, a few drops of which cure head ae n". Sold !triangular is lso a Most delight Pal, fragrant toilet pertun i n e a few Sold only in bottles, protected by the Government stain 1 P, at 4s. ; double the size. taming ; and double this size, I Is. each ; e n laining testimonials of undoubted authorl y °s o ecl oti in a Pamphlet, con- Advice on the Growth and Preservation Of tli - e t t i " Three Minutes' rg in c,ni man Hair, &c." 13 7 post, 4a . 6d., 7s. 13d„ and Us., for money orde ; .I,c:street ; Sanger, ~. Sold wholesale only at Grimstone's Ilerbary, -- e• her and Teller, I.ondon ; and by Messrs. Barclay and Son. Farri ngdoo ighgate, near O xford -street ; Messrs. Butler and Co.,Cheapside J. and Co nduit -street • Mr. Johnston, medicine warehous e. 68, Cernhill • and by ail' Cbemists, Perfumers, and others' For Edinburgh, n alines, Leith -walk ; User-office. hi Adver for Manchester, eresehe and so TO THE LADIES. Thia Paper lady had the following letter inserted in the "Times', news. the on Aug. 7, 1846. R eader, remem b e r, this totter was put i n t o paper by the lady herself, as a testimony to me. Mrs. Weekl ey, of No. 3. Swan-street, Borough, takes thisoppor tunity of publicly thanking Mr. W. Grimstone, of the lierbary, High 1g coin gate, for the efficacy of his Aromatic Regenerator, in havil pletely restored the hair on her head, after using it about four months, nd the whole of her hair is much stronger and mere luxuriant than ever was before the baldness appeared. " Mrs. Id gladly purchase Regenato feeling assured that many ladies woe g We 'lltioY inserts this testimony to the virtues of Mr. G.'s an II s. bottle if they were as certain of its virtues as she is. from b cx d: perience, not only in the restoration and roduction of hair in a l as t ante, bat as a cure ef nervous headache ; p as a toilet perflime itfar beYondany to her taste. She will feel a pleasure in answering v lady of respectability to the above facts.-3, Swan-street, Borough f . ew ln casei of the hair becoming thin weak, or turning grey, a bents on the crown of the head oc ' ionally every the hair from coming away with the comb, make it strong, and Drevent it turning A week, will pre the grey, rendering the hair luxuriant and curly. v drops on your h a i rbrush before brushing the hair, will g ive the hair brilliancy, causing it to curl. The most deli ca t e ladies may use this delightful product of the %lost aromatic herbs and flowers with confidence ; its refreshing odour removes headache and makes it a most necessary companion rthe toilet. I n cases of nevous headache, pour ten or twelve drops the crown of th e head; if very bad, repeat it every quarter of an L our- In most cases relief is certain in ten minutes. It produces ;?air on children's heads in a few appplications. It used on infants' . eltr . lB, it h as such a peculiar cooling influence on the brain as to pre .,t_nt conv ulsions, as well a s promoting the growth of hair.—Bee pamphlet of testimonials. 4 lottery Wrung to William Grimztoue Ilorbary, Highlatg. •-7 tV/CY4-. g-26/ • • - HAIVIPTON CO ti • iply.erso 40) •:' • • - eIP . ' • a r. •V . E F 141 • . , "" • 0 k 1-. • , 1, • t 7.4 11 4 . 7 • •7 1 .7 7 .‘ • • 4 +44 ass - 4. 11 , 717 ,:i ; ' " • - • i.• . 47 - • :A': • /44 4. : I • • 44' so , • .;;;„ . \O l „ 47, 4, ;L.• • ••• On . • ' PALACE. The great Gothic Hall of Hampton Court Palace, better known, perhaps, as Wolsey's Hall, was re-opened to the public on Saturday last, and is now probably the finest and most brilliantly embellished building in Europe. The large windows, thirteen in number, on the north and south sides of the hall, have been tilled with new stained glass, in a style harmonising with the noble windows at the east and west extremities, and by the same artist, Mr. Willement. The compartments of the east and west windows are occupied by the arms of Henry VIII. and those of his house. The subjects of the thirteen new windows now added by Mr. Wille ment, are the armorial pedigrees of the six wives of Henry VIII. With Hampton Court Palace the names of Henry VIII. and Cardinal Wolsey are indissolubly connected, and it has been considered proper to perpetuate in this hall, by suitable decorations and ornaments, the memory of the munificent founder of this royal residence and that of his sovereign in close alliance. Hampton Court Palace, as most of our readers re member, was built by Wolsey, who presented it to the royal tiger, his toaster. The great hull was designed by Wolsey, and finished by Henry VIII., when Ann Boleyn was in the height of favour. It is 106 feet long, 40 wide, and 60 high. The roof is elaborately carved, and the noble proportions of the ball, when first beheld, till every mind with ddight. The large window at the cast end is filled with stained glass, representing, as we have .;t:;Ierl, the arms of Henry VIII. end his ancestors, with the arms of England, Frat;ce, Ireland, &c. It. also con 'ains a half-length portrait of the monarch. The oppo site window, at the west end of the hall, presen's another (whole length) portrait of Henry, with the arms of the other sovereigns of the Tudor family. The large oriel window at the south side, she executed by Mr. Willement, contains the arms of Cardinal Wolsey, with those of the see of York and of his four bishoprics. The banners, armour, some of the tapestry, and the por traits, have reference to the same exalted personages, or to the period in which they lived. With the view of making the Great Hall in its entire embellishments illustrative of the reiern and history of Henry VIII., the arms of his six Queens have been selected as the subjects of the new stained glass windows of which we have now to speak. These windows are each upwards of 20 feet in height, and of great width, and when we state that the whole of the light admitted into the building now passes through richly coloured glass, it will easily be imagined that the coup d'ail on entering the ball is very striking and magnificent. The armorial pedigrees of the Queens commence at the _bottom of the left sides 'of six of the windows, and are continued in richly emblazoned arms until th'ey approach the top, when they proceed to the right. On approach ing the opposite side of the window they descend until they reach the foot, where the arms of each Queen are seen impaled with those of Henry. The compartments , n the centre of these windows are of a light ground, ant: contain black letter scrolls having reference to 'he various coats of arms. It is worthy of remark that he whole of the six Queens of Henry VIII. trace their descent from Edward I. of England. Thus the scroll ap pended to the heraldic tree of Wolsey's illustrious Queen bears the inscription " Katharine of Arragon, first wife of Henry VIII.; her pedigree from Edward I. and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile." Anne Boleyne's pedigree is traced to Edwar'd I. and the second wife of that monarch, Margaret of France; Jane Seymour to Edward I. and Eleanor; Anne of Cleves to Edward I. and Eleanor; Katharine Howard to Edward I. awl Mar garet of France; Katharine Parr to Edward I. and Eleanor. It will thus be observed that the "Defender of the Faith," in selecting the partners of his throne and bed, by no means overlooked the claims of birth and illustrious descent. If, too, as some have supposed, a man of great strength of mind and force of character transmits some of his personal characteristics and pecu liarities through several successive generations, nothing will appear more remarkable than the strong affinity which the " bluff King Hal" must hove felt for these characteriatics hether of mind or body) as represented in the persons of the female descendants of Edward I.— except, perhaps, his wonderful haste to repudiate and get rid of his fair cousins, after he had obtained the gratification of his desires. The alternate windows to those we have described each contain the eight heraldic badges of Henry VIII., the Tudor rose, the fie eur-de-lis, the portcullis, the red dragon, &c., within separate wreaths of foliage. These insignia, placed in different compartments of the window, do not occupy a great deal of space ; and, being set off by a light ground, formed of small yellow letters and devices runt - ling obliquely ac ross the window, painted upon white, the rich colours of the insignia are not only shown to greater advantage, but these alternate windows, by their chaste and more quiet light, bring out by con trast the splendid crimson emblazonments of the armorial pedigrees. Mr. Willement has been very happy in his crimsons ; and when a July sun shall pour his strong radiance through the stained windows until the stone pavement appears to be inlaid with blushing colours, the rich yet softened light of the great hall will be a welcome relief from the glare of the ncon-day sun without. We have been thus far minute in our description of the new embellishments at Hampton-court Palace, from a desire to see the highest artistic talent in the country finding honourable and lucrative em ployment in the pursuit of a long-neglected branch of the fine arts. When we remember the cold and cheerless aspect of most of our cathedrals and ecclesiastical edifices, from the absence of those stained glass windows, which at once ministered to the religious sentiment and infused a sense of bodily warmth and comfort, we shall perceive how wide a field is open to men of science and painters of genius «ho may endea vour to perfectionate this branch of high and devotional art. The Government are making a wise and enlightened exercise of their patronage in doing what they can to stimulate and encourage the art of staining in glass, and, as the English school of painters is acknowledged to excel all other existing schools in colouring, there seems no reason why our church and cathedral stained• glass windows should not, if possible, excel the chefs d'auvre of the modern Munich artists. The number of visitors at Hampton Court during the past year has never been exceeded in any former :eason, notwithstanding the" fresh fields and pastures new" offered to the public by the various railway companies in the shape of cheap excursion trains upon the great holidays. It is gratifying to state that the litvrality of the Woods and Forests was properly appreciated by the public, and that no damage whatever worthy of being mentioned was committed either upon the trees and shrubs, or the pic tures in the galleries ; on the contrary, the sense of a paternal Government, and of its opportunities of dif fusing happiness, wf re probably never more pleasurably impressed upon the minds of the hundreds of thousands of the humbler classes who visited Hampt,,n court. Notwithstanding the increasing number of visitors to Hampton-court, we may be permitted to doubt whether the present attractions of the palace and gardens are known as universally as they deserve to be. In the spring hundreds of pilgrims make a special journey to Hampton court from the metropolis, to see the splendid avenue of chestnuts in full blossom in Bushy-park. A little later in the summer the avenues of limes fill the air with their rich fragrance. About the middle of June the parterres of Hampton Court resemble a rose garden, such is the profusion of roses and the delightful perfume they exhale. In the autumn the wondrous vine, the dahlias, and the tints of the departing year, furnish new object s of interest. Every Saturday afternoon, during the fine weather, the band of the cavalry regiment quartered a llampton Court and Hounslow plays for two or three hours opposite the great east front of the palace, at which time the gardens receive most of the aristocratic visitors to Hampton Court. Saturday is the fashionable day par excellence, and the groups of well-dressed ladies seen in various parts of the grounds, surrounded by the choicest productions of Flora, furnish pictures worthy of Breughel. The deterioration in the physique of our population is a matter of so much national moment that the existence of places of healthful amusement and out-of-door recreation in the neighbourhood of all our large cities and towns ought never to become a matter of indifference to the Go vernment. GALICIA.—The following fact, extracted from a letter dated frontiers of Galicia, the 1 1th instant, will afford an idea of the frightful anarchy existing in that province :—" In the neighbourhood of Tarnow," says the writer, "resides an elderly lady, who, although belong ing to one of the first families in the country, is so be loved by the peasantry, that she continued to reside on her estates during the recent massacres. The popula tion living on the lands amount to about I,OOC. inhabit ants, only one of whom joined the bands which carried murder and devastation through the province. Having lately returned to his home, this wretch was enjoying quietly the fruit of his rapine, when, in the beginning of this month, a party of seven of his companions in crime, entered his dwelling and demanded the money they knew him to be possessed of. On his refusal to acquiesce, they threatened to hang him, and were actu ally preparing to carry their threat into execution- when, perceiving they were serious, he determined on disclosing su to them the place where he had concealed hi_esybeearatereci Once in possession of it those m iscreants vin d among themselves, and one of them suggestion, that he would inform,on them f th ey didng suggested i otpu n t him a out of the way, they concurred in the d hung the man. Fortunately, however, a young boy heard from an adjoi nin g room what was going on, and having p roc eeded in all haste to the village, h e gave t h e a l arm . In an themselves instant,n mb de teni armed ambuscade, ns apea, waited s an until ts s allied n out, te d placinga reinforcement, w h en t h ey surrounded and o e r ntered the hous e . Th ey b egan by cutting faonrl arrivaly down the man, who was hanging,, in whom the spark of life was not yet extinct, an d seized six of the banditti, one of them having effected his escape during the affray. The peasants then formed a species of tribunal, by which the culprits were judged and condemned to death. The sentence was immediately executed. The six men were suspended from the nearest trees, and their executioners having kept guard upon them until lite had deported, placed the six corpses in a cart, and sent them to the authorities of Tarnow."—Galignani's Messenger. ANCIENT BRITISH SumLus.—A labourer of the name of Walker, employed in claying land in the parish of Coveney, lately discovered two British shields, in good preservation, lying upon the clay under the Fen soil The shields are circular, and about 22 inches in diameter. One is ornamented with concentric circles stamped in the metal, and the other with intertwining serpents. The handles of both are perfect, and there are remains of bronze holds for straps riveted on the inside. It is pro bable that they were lost by the upsetting of a canoe, as canoes have been found in.bAded in the Fen soil of the neighbourhood. The shields have been purchased by the Rev. S. Badks, of Haddenham, for the Cambridge Awicivarian Society.—Bury Post The first samples of sugar from Brazil, under the new law were exulted last week at the office of Mr. Bramley Moore ; and as the sugar crop of this year in Brazil is most abundant, large imports may be expected. —Liverpool Mercury. J ~~ ~.-~ . LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING Ny JAN CARY 5, 1847. Just published, the Eighth Edition, greatly Enlarged, of THE RAIL WAY-SHAREHOLDER'S MANUAL, or PRACTICAL GUIDE TO ALL THE RAIL WAYS IN THE WORLD, completed, in progress, and projected ; containing much additional matter, and a complete list of Railway Offices and Officers, alphabetically arranged; Railway Statistics; Capital, Earnings, Expenditure, &c. &c. By HENRY TUCK. Price 10s. bound in cloth. DOUGLAS JERROLD'S WEEKLY NEWS PAPER, ENLARGED, with Various New Features, to the utmost Limit, allowed by the Stamp Law, on the 23d January. Price, as heretofore, Six pence. Orders of all Newsmen, Town or Country, of whom detailed prospectuses may be had. D OUGLAS JERROLD'S WEEKLY NEWS PARER. ENLARGEMENT OF ON THE MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.- In order to give ampler space for all the News of the Week, including The Debates in Parliament—The Miscellane ous Occurrences—Law and Police Reports—Public Meetings—Foreign Intelligence—Literature—Correspondence —as well as for Original and various New Serial Articles, the Proprietor has determined to enlarge the Paper to the utmost limit allowed by the Stamp Law, and to ADD ONE •TiiIRD, or TWENTY-FOUR COLUMNS, making In the whole THIRTY-TWO PAGES, or NINETY-SIX COLUMNS, thus rendering It equal to the Fullest and Largest News paper In the extent and variety of its News of the Week, and still retaining the large space heretofore devoted to Original Articles by the Editor, and his Eminent Literary Colleagues. Price (as here tofore) SIXPENCE. Order of all Newsmen. Town or Country, from whom detailed Prospectuses can be had. .• AN ENTIRE AND ELEGANT EXEMPTION FROM ENVELOPE EXPLORATION. " To spare your words from public eye, Is sure a vast discovery."—Hudibras. BROWN'S PATENT CONDUPLICATED METAL SEAL ENVELOPES, are now trustingly confided to the attention and employment of the public at large, as offering the only inviolable letter -seal ever invented. Securely and protec tively closed by one single second's amount of pressure, this new Envelope is fastened by a device, lighter than sealing-wax, of hand. and attractive appearance ; and whether e mp l oyed by the Nobleman or the Merchant, can be embellished either with the armorial bear ings of the former, or the trading cognomen of the l a tt er. The OFFICIAL and BANKERS' SECURITY ENV ELOPE, splendid to style, be a addressed s h o e d r t e o ad t h y o f t a n few e t cl u a r y o - N prepared e 4, r Castle-street, s n e e - to s h t me r e mi e n t, uons l it l c o a l t bi LERFECT FREEDOM from COUGHS in Ten Minutes, is ensured by DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS. From Mr. John Williams, Surgeon and Chemist, Horsley-heath, Tipton. " Feb, 14, 1846, " Gentlemen,—The good effects of your Dr. L nook's I l ulmonic Wafers, in cases of asthma, obstinate coughs, &c., are truly astonish ing. Ido not know of a single instance of failure. I can forward you a list of highly respectable and important testimonials, &e. 1 am, &c., JOHN WILLIAMS. Dr. LOCOCK'S WAFERS give instant relief and a rapid cure of asthmas, coughs, and all disorders of the breath and lungs. Price Is. 1%d., 2s. 9d. and Its. per box. Agents: Da Silva and . 1, Bride-lane, Fleet-street, London; and sold by all medicine venders. MEMOIRS OF GENERAL PEPE.—There is a charm in these memoirs, which we have just read, that it is difficult to describe. The devotion—the single-hearted ness of the man—his disinterested love of country, are circumstances that make his history of his own life — comprehending the events of the Neapolitan revolution brought about by himself—more interesting than any romance we ever read. What effect these memoirs may have upon the present E ng li s h cabinet it is impossible to foretell; but this may be said, that they will give an impetus to liberal principles, which the very safe and selfish spirit of the great European powers will be very reluctant to recognize. We would have Lord Palmerston read this book, that he may decide whether the honour of England, at this moment in his keeping, can subsist with a truckling to Austria. CATHOLIC CHURCH DISCIPLINE IN PRUSSIA. — The Journal des Dgbats publishes the following letter, dated Breslau (Prussian Silesia), the 16th inst.:—" On Saturday last the Prince Archbishop of Breslau, M. de Diepenbrock, visited the convent of the Brothers of Mercy, in our city, whose principal occupation consists in attending to the sick in the vast hospital attached to their establishment. The prelate found that the monks, far from attending to the severe regulations of their order, lived at their ease in a truly mundane fashion. Being perfectly indignant at such a violation of mo nastic rule, the Archbishop addressed a severe admoni tion to the friars, and summoned them to adhere in future strictly to the statutes of their order. The pre late ordered all the objects of comfort and luxury which were in the convent, such as sofas, couches, carpets, curtains, dressing -gowns, furs, slippers, &c„ to be forth with sold by auction for account of the funds of the convent. The same day M. de Diepenbrock appointed his chaplain inspector of the monastery, and enjoined him to watch that the rules of the order should be strictly observed. In consequence of these measures several of the monks have quitted the convent and have rented lodgings in the town, and the principal phy sician of the hospital of the convent has tendered his re signation. PRAYER MEETING ON DONBEYS.--At one of the monthly concerts in Bchton, on Sabbath evening last, some account was given of the revival of religion among the Nestorians, in connexion with the missions of the American Board of Ooroomiah and its vicinity. During the heat of the summer the seminary, in which are about forty young men in a course of education, was re moved from the valley of Ooroomiah to the heights of Mount Seir. The students, who had before found it difficult to find places of retirement for the performance of their private devotions, were often discovered, at their new place of residence, communing with God in secret among the rocks and the hills of Mount Seir. It was also stated that, on a previous occasion, as some of the Nestorian converts were travelling from village to village they held a prayer meeting on their donkeys—a novel, but not uninteresting mode of social worship; showing that when religion takes hold of the heart, times, and places, and circumstances, are made to contribute, with wonderful facility, to promote the work of God in the :oul.—New York Evangelist. DESTITUTION IN DINGWALL.—In Dingwall a con siderable amount of destitution prevails among the lower classes—those especially who depend upon good weather for any work they can obtain. For want of firing, in one or two instances, families are subsisting on raw vege tables, others have to burn pieces of their furniture to counteract, in some slight degree, the cold of the season. --Inverness Courier. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. THE CHINA SQUADRON. The movements of the squadron, during the past month have been somewhat mysterious to many, who expected that it was the admiral's intention to pay visit to Japan before resigning his command on this sta tion. The fleet left Hong-Kong, as before reported, on the 30th of August, on a cruise for the benefit of the seamen's health, amongst whom much sickness was pre • vailing; we are harpy to learn that the sickness is fast disappeaeing unde the beneficial effect of the change of temperature they have for tome time past enjoyed a. Chusan. On the 16th instant the Wolf, Commander Gordon, arrived from the Yang-tse-kiang, and is now undergoing some repairs preparatory to her voyage home, her period of service having expired. The Scout, Commander Loring, we believe, relieves her. On Lime 21st instant the ltingdove, Sir W. Iloste, arrived from Amoy, at which port the Espeigle is still stationed. ths the 26th the Daedalus and Vestal entered the harbour, the former vessel having the Admiral on board ; his Excellency left the Agincourt at Cliusan on the 10th instant, and proceeded on a visit to the Loochoo Islands, whence he has recently arrived. The Agincourt i. daily expected to make her appearance. During the month the Wolverine has been stationed at Canton ; she arrived here on the 27, Commander Clifford having been appointed to the steamer Spiteful, and about to resign his command of the brig to Lieutenant Hay, of the Vestal. On the 19th the troop-ship Sapphire, master commanding rittock. arrived from Shangnae and de parted again for Whampoa, where she still remains. The United States corvette Vincennes, arrived at this port on the 12th, from Japan. She sailed the following day for Macao. MALTA, DEC. 26. DISTRIBUTION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SQUADRON, At Lisbon, the Hibernia 176i:1;ii.TiWthe flag of Vice- Admiral Sir William Parker, the Commander-in-Chief; the Amazon, 26, and Phamix war-steamer. At Gibral tar, the Virago war-steamer. -.1;3 lAAlta, the Ceylon, 12, receiving-ship, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Sir Lucius Curtis, second in command and Superintendent of Malta Dockyard; the Spartan, 26; the Bonetta, 3, surveying brigantine; the Bloodhound, Jackal, and Locust, steam sloops, and Wee Pet steam-tug. -On their way to Malta, from the lonian Islands and Patras, the Spitfire steam-sloop; and from Beyrout, the Incon stant, 36. At Corfu, the Meteor steam-sloop. At the Piraeus of Athens, the Fantome, 16; and on her way thence to Malta, the Research, cutter, survewing tender. At Beyrout, the Harlequin, 16, and Mecla war-steamer Mail Steam-packets.—At Malta, the Volcano. On her way to Malta from Trieste, the Ardent. At Trieste, the Trident; and at Marseilles, the Plainer. Peninsular and Oriental Company's Mediterranean Steam -packets.—At Malta, the Ariel and the Achilles; and on her way to Malta from Southampton, the Pottinger. Between Constantinople and Trebizond, the Erin. On her way to Southampton from Malta, the Rippon, and from the continental ports of Italy the Montrose, and at Southampton the Oriental, Haddington, Tiber, Tagus, Royal Tar, and the Iberia. PORTSMOUTH, SUNDAY. We are rquested to acknowledge the receipt of the fol. lowing sums on behalf of the widow and family of the late Lieut. W. P. Green, R.N.:—By Mrs. Captain Pasco, of the Victory, from Mr. Charles Stokes, 65, Brook-street, Hanover-square, 11. I s. ; Mr. Page Nicol Scott, of Norwich, I L Is. ; by our correspondent, from Messrs. Shaw, Maxwell, and Co., wine merchants and freight agents. London, 21.25. The following is the state of the Navy for the current year ; also showing the number of officers on the lists of e t he xh i l b a i s t t e d t h w r e i e y th e t a h r a s t , and l e o contrasting fi ra t h t e y e force a f t t h e e r rei n the war 1 1816. I 1845. • 1 1846. 1847. ------- 1 -- ) - 1 - --- Flag Officers Retired ditto Captains and retired ditto, of all classes BB9 769 769 748 Commanders and retired, of all classes Lieute&ants 3,776 2,576 2,528 2,448 Masters Marine Officers ........... Medical Officers 1 ,5 37 998 970 975 Pursers 957 499 485 498 Naval Instructors Chaplains 62 90 97 103 Mates Second Masters 'Passed Clerks ... ... 216 225 Total... ... ... ... 10,487 7,828 17,876 7,940 The " official" list shows a number of ships and vessels of all classes amounting to 671 ; of this number 275. are in commission and employed as under : Ships of the line, sea-going ... 13 Ships of the line, as troop ships ... ... 2 Ships of the line, as guard ships ... 4 19 Frigates, large, from 36 to 50 guns ... 15 Small, including surveying and discovery Store depots ... 10 —5O Sloops, of from 6 to 20 guns... 58 Miscellaneous of all classes 44 STEAM VESSELS. Frigates ... 15 All other classes including packets ... 62 104 275 SHIPS COMMISSIONED DURING THE PAST YEAR. Line of battle ships ... 1 I Brigs ••• ... 12 Frigates ... ... 7 I Steamers .........23 C0rvette5.........4 Troop ships ••• 10 Total Frigates ... ... ... 5 Corvettes ... ... ... 4 Brigs ... ... ... ... 6 PAID OFF. Schooners, &c. Steam•vessels Troopers, &c. LAUN Frigates ... ... ... 3 BROKI Line-of-battle ship ... I Frigate ... ... ... 1 Corvette ... ... 1 Brigs Total ..• ... 39 [CHEM Steara-VeSSel9 ~. ••11 14 Total ... ... 21 :N UP. [Schooner ... ... ... 1 S teame r ..• ... ... I Lost (sloop Osprey) ... 1 A court-martial is o r d ere d to asse mble at nine c o ' .lo k 8 Total on Tuesday mornin g , on b oard t h e St. Vincent, hne to rya Mr. Beattie, Assistant-S urgeon o f the Dap charge of insubordi na ti on preferre d by hiscaptain.'on tc On the 22d of Decemb e r th e D ap hne experienced ien9d s ahea N., heavy gale, amounting to a h urr i cane , in lat. 46 d . sm. long. 7d. 53m. W., in w hi c h s h e l os t her nquarterThursday boats, spanker-boom, life bu o y, an d sails. On afternoon last, while in s t ays , between three and four o'clock, she took the grou n d off St. Cat herine's, and re mained stranded about t wenty minutes, but ultimately came off without sustainin g an y apparent damage. A pilot afterwards conducted th e vessel safely to Spithead. The Athol, from Barbad oes a nd Bermuda, 1 t. 4 1 7 ed. left I Ber muds. on the 12th ult. On th e 22d, in a Sale from W. long. 24d. 7m., experienced a veryheavy to W.N.W. She has brought Captaindtleagrs k ; IfarnotB corn Barbadoes pany of Royal . Artillery from Lieutenants Ber muda, Major Wilson's company, Biddolph, Wragge, King, and Dr. sas ard ; also Ca p t. York's company of Sappers and Miners ; Lieutenant Garston, of the 20th Regiment, on leave Captain Mr. Robins , aptain Noble, Paymaster and Purser of Hermes ; and late of the Vindictive, on promotion. The Hound, 10, Commander Wood, left Ascension on the Bth of November, for St. Helena. The Styx steam-sloop, Commander Chads, capturad a slaver in September last, called the Rolla, which, althowgh not having any slaves on board at the time, was fitt e d for their reception. She was sent to St. Helena for ad judication. The Geyser steam-sloop, Commander Brown, fitting steam sloop, Cape Co m of- m at Woolwich, is destined for the East India station, to relieve the Spiteful ; the Rosamond am s and '‘r Foote, at the same place , will go e to Good Hope, to , relieve the Thunderboltto proceed ; anrclteheedMedea, Commander Hammond, is expected West India station, to relieve the Hermes. Extract of a letter from the President, 50, dated Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope, October, 12, 1846: We saw all the squadron at the Mauritius ; the Cleo patra has lost two lieutenants, and our only two mates, Gough and Didham, were promoted into her. She has gone to cruise in the Mozambique again. The Helena has been very sickly; she lost 32 men on her l ast cru i se, but none of her officers. The Captain (Sir C. Ricketts, Bart.), nearly died with the fever. The Helena was the only ship we did not see at the Mauritius, the Thunder bolt not having seen her in the Mozambique when she went up to order all the ships . to meet the Admiral at the Mauritius. Al idea ofgoing to Madagascar is given up; they find it is of no use; so we had our cruise for nothing. The Nimrod is ordered upon this station to fill the Mutine's place." The reserve battalion of the 36th Regiment were em barked yesterday by the Echo steam -tug and the Lively lighter, at Clarence-yard, and taken to Spithead where they were put on board the Vengeance, 84, Captain S. Lushington, and that ship sailed this mornin g for Cork. The Royal yacht Victoria and Albert was docked yesterday in the dock from which the Edinburgh, steam guardship was removed the previous day, That noble ship, the Nelson, 120, which has for so long a series of years (32) laid neglected in this harbour, until she was recently brought forward as an advanced ship, is, we hope, in a fair way of taking the post of the ordinary guardship, but efficient for service. We must only go by signs, as we have not heard anything to that effect, but seen her brought down the harbour, and placed pro tern. alongside the Victorious hulk, we ima gine such a demonstration is not for nothing. The Mutine, 12, Commander Tryon, is ordered to the Chops of the Channel to relieve the windbound. WooLwrcu, JAN. I.—Her Majesty's steam-vessel Fairy, tender to the royal steam yacht Victoria and Albert, was taken up to Messrs. Ditehburn and Mare's premises at Blackwall to-day, for the purpose of stop ping a leak. The Avon steam vessel, recently returned from the west coast of Africa, and paid off at Woolwich, is again commissioned by Commander Otter, of the Sparrow, employed on the surveying VerTice pa the met of SC* ;And. The Avon will have a complement of 53 men, in cluding the crew of the Sparrow, who have been trans ferred to her, and she will proceed to the west coast of Scotland to finish the survey previously carried on in the Sparrow. The Mastiff surveying vessel, Master Commander G. Thomas, was paid off at Woolwich on Saturday last, and she will be re-commissioned to• morrow by Commander Bocher, who will command her and her tender, the Wood lark. The Porcupine steam-vessel, Captain Bullock, has had her defects made good, and it is expected she will proceed to Ireland next week. The Lightning steam-vessel, Mr. Petely, Master com manding, left Woolwich on Tuesday for Herne-bay, and returned to this port on Wedne:elay. The Antelope steam-vessel, built at Blaekwall, is com pleted by the contractors, and ready for trial. The Rifleman and Sharpshooter steam• vessels are nearly ready for trial. The one is built of iron and the other of wood, and each fitted with engines of 200-horse power, and fitted with screw propellers, to ascertain the comparative merits of iron and wooden vessels propelled by engines of that power, the Minx and Teazer steam vessels, on similar principles, having been built to test the merits of the screw propeller, with 100-horse power each. The Oberon steam-vessel, described in the Navy List as building at Deptford, b u t i n rea lity b u il t b y M essrs. Rennie, at their premises, is to be launched to-morrow (Saturday), and will be afterwards fitted with her ma chinery as soon as possible. The Centaur steam-frigate, ,in charge of Mr. Davy, master, R.N., and a party of 50 men, will leave this port for Portsmouth in the course of next week. The Sidon steam frigate, Captain Henderson, C. 8., is to have her defects made good at Portsmouth, the starting gear being on a new plan, and found not to answer. The Terrible steam-frigate, Captain Ramsey, has been taken into dock at Chatham, and is not expected to be brought to Woolwich as was originally contem plated on her arrival at Sheerness. The Penelope steam-frigate, Captain Giffard, will leave Portsmouth in a few days for the west coast of Africa, there to receive on board Commodore Sir Charles Hotham, K.C.8., who will hoist his broad pendant in this vessel. Mr. Edward M'Avoy, who has been for many years employed in the store-house at this yard, has been ap pointed bead-master of the apprentice school about to be formed in the Woolwich Dockyard. Vessels in the Harbour—William and Mary yacht, Amphion and Centaur steam-frigates, Porcupine, Black Eagle, Lightning, Charon, Teazer, and Minx steam vessels; Mastiff, Woodlark, and Plover surveying vessels; Cockatrice, victualling transport ship, and Sulphur depot. In the Basin—Medea, Geyser, Rosamond, Ariel, Gorgon, Monkey, Ni ger , Janus, Avon, Dwarf, Tartarus, and Growler steam-vessels. In Dock—The Vixen steam-vessel. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. THE SUNDAY TRAINS QUESTION. On Thursday this subject was debated at great length before the Glasgow Town Council, the Lord Provost in the chair, one party contending that the running of Sun day trains would deluge Scotland with a flood of conti nental immorality and infidelity; and the other, that a moderate accommodation on the Sunday was absolutely required by the wants of society, and would be rather beneficial than otherwise to the morals of the people. The Lord Provost was in favour of the trains. The resolutions were as follow: " 1. That the running of railway passenger trains with the mails on the morning and evening of the Sabbath day, between Glasgow and Edinburgh, as has been practised for four year past, is absolutely necessary, there being no other mode of travelling or conveyance between the two cities. " 2. That the resolution recently adopted and acted upon by the directors of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company to stop these trains, is a gross in fringement upon the liberty of the subject, and not sanc tioned by the Legislature in the powers with which they have invested the company—that it ought to be re scinded, and that the morning and evening passenger trains on Sunday ought to be immediately re-established. " 3. That the railway directors having disregarded the remonstrances of the city of Edinburgh, the burghs of Linlithgow and Falkirk, and other places, and parti cularly of a large and influential number of the citizens of Glasgow, this council feel it incumbent upon them to intimate these resolutions to the parliamentary repre sentatives of the city, with a request that they shall oppose all parliamentary proceedings in which this rail way company may be interested, until they comply with the reasonable wishes of The public so unequivocally ex pressed. " 4. That these resolutions be intimated to the direc tors of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company." The council came to the vote, and the resolutions in favour of the trains were carried by 24 to 17. The following is the state of the vote:-- For Mr. Bau r kier's resolutions in favour of the Trains. The Lord Provost; Bailie): M'Kinley, Stewart, Bryson, Orr, and M'Naught; Messrs. Allan, Bankier, Brown, Callender, Cassius, Chapman, Drummond, Forrester, Kellar, Lumsden, George Mitchell, Ord, J. Robertson, Scott, Small, D. Smith, Stirling, and Wylie-24, Fur the previous Question.—Bailies Honeyman and Smith; the Lord Dean of Guild; Messrs. Brodie, Camp bell, Clark, jun., J. Fleming, R. Fleming, Gilmour, Leadbetter, M'Alpin, M'Ara, M'Douall, AVG-min, M'Lean, Playfair, and Tennant-17. BORING FOR A TUNNEL UNDER BIRMING- HAM. When the project of a central station in Birmingham was announced, the portion of the plan which contem plated th• construction of a tunnel underneath the town was looked upon with considerable uneasiness by a large part of the community. This arose from a fear that the foundations on which the town is built being clay-sand and red sandstone, would give way, and it was confi dently affirmed by some, that the borings had clearly shown that the works of the tunnel could not be executed without great risk to the buildings, underneath which the tunnel would have to be made. It would appear that the directors of the London and North Western had also their doubts on this point, notices of removal having been served on several proprietors and householders, who, until they received them, had no thought of being dis turbed. But the shaft which has just been sunk at the canal wharf in Easy-row by the contractor, for the tun nel portion of the works of the Stour Valley—which have joined the London and South- W estern—has disco vered the stratum of the earth to be of such a character as to remove all the fears that have been entertained. The shaft has already been sunk above fifty feet, and must be worked six feet farther down before it will reach the level of the bottom of the tunnel ; but so solid and adhesive have the strata been found, that the operation of blasting has had to be repeatedly performed. On Thursday a large portion of the red rock was thus de tached, and altogether the strata iS so compact and well bedded, that even although there were to be no brick work in the tunnel, the buildings above would be safe. Next week the driving of the tunnel commences ; the whole is to be cased by the most durable quality of brick, and finished in substantial style. SOUTH RAIL.—OPENING TO NEWTON. This royal burgh, which stands so deservedly high amongst all the truly respectable towns of England, has been the scene of unwonted excitement. It is not often that Newton puts itself in a flurry, and when it does there must be really some exciting cause thereto. Need we say, that sufficient cause was found in the approach ing opening of the South Devon Railway ? We had intended to say something remarkably civil to the New ton damsels on this occasion, but a house full of care and sickness has sadly interfered with the satisfactory progress of our duties during this week. We are so laced with the reflection that they are able to take care of themselves, and that wherever a bright eye, a fair face and an intelligent bearing are popular, there the Newton maidens are not the last to be toasted. We commend them to the mistletoe, and now for the train. A meeting was held at the Globe Hotel on the Wednesday evening, Mr. Portreeve Ford in the chair, when down-upon-the nail subscriptions were promptly made, and it was de termined that the town should be for once in its life jolly all the next d a y. I t was d eterm i ne d a l so, on the motion of Mr. Flamank, the lawyer, and Mr. Kent, the financier, that a complimentary address to the directors of the rail should be pr esen t e d upon t h e i r arr i va l at t h e station. The address was writt en i n a h ear ty a ll-h a il spirit, and the directors must have felt half an inch higher upon re ceiving so flattering a proof of the high consideration with which they were held at Newton, in the shire of Devon. The word being passed for festivity, at it they went on Thursday morning in right earnest. The bells seemed mad in the old church tower, which reeled under the in cessant vibration. Two bands were imported into the town, the far-famed Totness, and the resounding Teign mouth, each with his saucy drum. The Totness band riding in a triumphal car, drawn by Mr. Sharpe's eight magnificent greys. Her Majesty's team is not finer than that of the great contractor. The station was decorated with evergreens and Chinese flags, kindly supplied by Squire Cartwright, of Forde House, Mr. Hughes, Mr. Partridge, and others, of Teignmouth, and Mr. Squarry, of Shaldon. Everything looked gay, exceedingly so for December, and fortunately no rain fell. Before leaving this, it may he as well to mention that Mr. Sharpe de termined to justify his name to the end of the year, and macadamised a quarter of a mile of one of the new approach roads, in the course of the night, although he ' had to send more than a mile and a half to the quarry for stones for the purpose. Let posterity beat that if they can. We defy them ; they never have, and never will. About eleven the train arrived, led by the Antelope engine, which was decorated with flags, and driven by M. C. Bea, Esq., superintendent of the locomotive de partment between Exeter and Bristol. It brought three of the directors—Lord Courtenay, Fripp, Esq., Coles, Esq., and the Secretary, W. Carr, Esq. ; J. Gill, Esq., M.P., the Chairman ; Sir A. Buller, director ; 11. Cart wright, Esq., and several others of the neighbouring gentry, received them at the station. The address was then presented by the Portreeve, and Mr. Gill replied that the directors were highly gratified with the reception they had received at Newton, he said, "on that day the sun shone on them for the first time : hitherto they had to combat with prejudice and misrepresentation." He spoke with much feeling, being evidently touched, PRICE SD. though he did not melt into tears. The directors were then taken in procession into the town, the bands playing with unprecedented vigour, banners flying, bells ringing, boys huzzaing, and every other symp ton of public joy. In fact, the Newton people, hav iag once begun, appeared as if they did not know how to stop. The banners were lettered with " Brunel and the broad gunge for ever," " Success to the South Devon Railway Company," and " The people the source of all power." In the course of the day, the directors and a large parts of friends were handsomely entertained by 11. Cartwright, Esq. at Fordo House, and the tradesmen took surper ir the evening at the Globe, where the new landlord treated them with a most respectable repast ; the bounty of which may be judged of by the fact, that they were at the table eight mortal hours—and at it in one shape or the other, till they departed. But to say that they were all carried home—is a lie—a base and debasing lie—he lies in his teeth whoever declares it ! MARLEY TUNNEL.—The last length of mmenry on this work was completed on Wednesday morning, the 23d instant. On the morning of that day the men (m -ployed upon the works, about 150; pal took of a dinner given them by Lady Carew, at Marley House. After dinner Mr. Findlater, the contractor for the tunnel, pro posed the health of Lady Carew and family, and said they were highly indebted to her ladyship for the kindness she had shown at all times to every one concerned with the works, and more especially for the entertainment they had just partaken of. The toast was responded to with the most enthusiastic cheers. T. Carew, Esq., gave success to the South Devon Railway, the engineers, and all partied concerned with it ; after which the health of Mr. Findlater was proposed and responded to, and the men retired about ten o'clock, in the most orderly man ner, highly pleased with the hospitality of her ladyship. Too much credit cannot be given to Lady Carew for the kind manner in which she has behaved to all concerned with the works, and affording every facility for its com pletion Thursday, 24th inst., Mr. Findlater, and Mf. . . ush, the assistant engineer, drove through the tunnel, accompanied by H. and T. Carew, Esqrs.. and about twenty gentlemen of the neighbourhood on horseback:; the tunnel was lighted by torches, which gave a novel effect to the cavalcade. Upon coming out of the west tunnel's mouth, the party were heartily cheered by the men assembled there. Lady Carew was on the spot with her carriage, and seemed much pleased with the proceedings. The party afterwards adjourned to the Avon Inn, New House, and partook of an ex cellent dinner. Several toasts were drunk, and the con viviality of the evening kept up till a late hour.— Western Times. EXETER AND CREDITON.—The directors have in formed the shareholders by a circular, which was on Sa turday issued, that they have catered into an agreement with the Bristol and Exeter to the following effect : " That the Exeter and Crediton shall pay up the re maining 10/. upon the shares within the next six months, and within one month of the termination of the next ses sion of Parliament. The Bristol and Exeter Company shall assign to the Bristol and Crediton shareholders an equivalent amount in Bristol and Exeter stock or shares, or at the option of the holders of the same shares shall pay to them the sum paid up on such shares, together with a bonus of 21. 10s. per share of 251. As a prelimi nary to this agreement, it is expected that the Bristol and Exeter Company shall be put in possession of the Crediton line, under the lease which has been already under consideration. The directors express a hope that the shareholders will support the plan." A meeting is to be called immediately to consider the proposed ar rangements. THE MANCHESTER AND BOLTON.—VISIT OF THE GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR.—On Thursday last, Captain Coddington, who has been sent down by Government to investigate the state and management of the Man chester and Bolton Railway, in consequence of memo rials from the town-council of the borough and county magistrates, went over the line to investigate the state of the rails, &c., and yesterday he attended at the Bolton station, where he was met by the mayor and Stephen Blair, Esq.. on behalf of the corporation memorialists, and the Rev. J. S. Birley, John Fletcher, John Har greaves, jun., Esqs., on the part of the magistrates. It appeared that Captain Coddington came to Bolton, not with the view of collecting evidence from the public with regard to the state of the rails, the want of super intendence, &c., but with the intention of hearing the statements of the officers of the company. This, how ever, did not appear to meet the views of the memo rialists. The deputations entered earnestly into the al legations contained in the memorials, and offered to pro duce abundant evidence to substantiate them. Admis sions, however, were made by Mr. Hawkshaw, on the part of the company, which rendered this course in some measure unnecessary. It was also stated by Mr. Hawk shaw, that the company had men at work day and night putting down new rails; that a superintendent had been appointed, whose duty it would be to devote his whole attention to this line; that a new system of signals has been adopted; and that they are determined to do every thing possible to remove whatever is objectionable. Un der these circumstances, and the only object of the me morialists being to secure a better management of the line, and greater security to the public, the deputations thought it might appear vindictive should they urge a further investigation into the truth of their charges. Captain Coddrington stated that he had inspected the rails, and should recommend that the trains should run slower upon that portion of the line not yet laid with new rails. He also stated that his attention had before been drawn to the state of the bridges, the pillars of which were very dangerous; and as the company might have some difficulty in altering them, on account of the roads, he thought it right to solicit the co-operation ot the' magistrates in making the alterations. It was also agreed, at the request of the gentlemen forming the depntatioes that the engines on the line should b e exa mined by Mr. Fairbairn, of Manchester, who should re port the result to Captain Coddington. The memo rials , therefore, have effected every purpose that could be desired, and the public must feel indebted to the Rev. J. S. Birley, the mayor, and other gentlemen, for the interest they have taken in the matte.—Manchester Guardian. Tem , VALE.—The directors have entered into an agreement (subject to the approval of a general meet ing of the shareholders) for the lease of their line to the S3uth-Western, on the following terms :—Five per cent. on all paid up capital at present, and 51 when the line is completed, and equal share of all profit after paying expenses. THE LARGEST AND MOST POWERFUL ENGINE EVER BUILT.—It is some twenty years since we heard of the first locomotive with six wheels, which fully developed the advantages to be gained by that number, they being all connected. It was made for the spirited directors of the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company, and worked on that line, until it was found necessary to supply its place with an engine of a heavier kind, but of similar construction, which, by the way, was a great step in the advancement of locomotion. We had not heard of any additional wheels being added, except in the American bogie engine, until, in the present year, we were apprised of another step taken by an engineer in South Wales, he having constructed a locomotive with eight wheels, all connected. We have seen this engine at work (and really it is a monster, both in appearance and power), climbing up inclines very unfavourable, with loads that entirely baffle engines of any other construc tion• The designer of this monster is Mr. W. Stubbs, superintendent;of locomotives on the Llanelly and Llan dflo Railway.—Mining Journal. A TURKISH VICE-CONSUL IN MANCHESTER. — Notwithstanding the extensive commerce carried on between Manchester and the Turkish empire, and the number of Greek and Amenian subjects of the Porte resident here, the town has been until now destitute of a consular agent from that country. It will be seen, however, from an advertisement which appears in another column, that a Turkish Vice-Consul, Abdullah Ydlibi, has been appointed, and is now resident here, being, we believe, the only Mahommedan inhabitant of the town.—Manchester Guardian. CHARACTER OF GEORGE THE THIRD.—" The child was father to the man." The same facility in im bibing foolish prejudices—the same obstinacy in adher ing to them—the same want of frankness in his inter course with men, and the same want of charity in his religious principles—the same strength of memory for those who offended him, and the same brooding sullen ness against those who opposed his will—which had been observed in the boy, were manifest in the king. Thus it happened, that for several years he made the punishment of Wilkes a darling project of his Govern ment; that, when that mock patriot grew tired of brawl ing, the subjection of America became the prevailing ob ject of the royal policy; and that, at a later period, the exclusion of Irish people from the privileges of the con stitution absorbed his narrow intellect, and grew into a passion. Thus, too, it happened that on the oc casion of the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1767, and on the proposal of Mr. Fox's India Bill in 1784, the osten sible Ministers of the Crown were treated with reserve and dissimulation, while the Lords of the Bedchaniber and the party of the King's friends received theirptrhe pri vate instructions to oppose the measure to which The Royal sanction had apparently been given. treat ment of Lord Granville and Lord Grey, in 1807, on the subject of the Roman Catholics, s, was marked similar reserve, and not very dissimilar intr igues. Thus, tc o, it happened, that statesmen of great weight in Par liament were for many years excluded from the Ku - Ig% , councils by the obstinacy of personal resentment, or Ow antipathies of an uncharitable temper. Lord John Russell. A RARE BlRD.—About a fortnight ago, a large and uncommon bird made its appearance in the nursery ground of Mr. Faulkner, near Kcrsal Moor, and was seen afterwards almost every day ; but though many attempts were made to shoot it they all failed, Owing to its extreme wariness, until Thursday last, when a person named Smith contrived to get within shot of it, and brought it down, when it proved to be a remarkably fine male bittern (ardea stellaris), a bird now rarely seen in England at all, and almost unknown in this neighbour hood. Indeed, we never heard of more than one other having been seen near Manchester for some years past, and that was on Chatt Moss about twelve months ago. —Manchestev Guardian. RARITIES OF THE SEASON.—On Satufday, in Co vent-garden market, there was a profusion of new pota toes of the description called ash-leaved kidney, the price being Is. per lb.; asparagus was plentiful at 108. the bundle, rhubarb 55., and cucumbers from 7s. to 15s. each, all being of English growth. COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS' SCHOOLS, FOR ORPHAN AND NECESSITOUS CHILDREN. Offices, 51, Cheapside. At the Quarterly General Court of the Governors of this Institution, held at the London Tavern, on Monday, the 28th day of December, instant, THOMAS SIDNEY, Esq., Alderman, in the chair, the undermentioned gentlemen were unanimously appointed to fill tho several offices of the Institution for the ensuing year : PRESIDENT. JOHN MASTERMAN, Esq., M.P. VICE-PRESIDENTS. Edward Baker, Esq. Robert Clarke, jun., Esq. John Robert Cufiley, Esq. Sampson Copestake, Esq. Joseph Ferguson, Esq. James Fisher, Esq. George Ilitchcock, Esq. John Man*, jun., Esq. William Nicholson, Esq. William Peek, Esq. Phillips, Esq. Giles Redmayne, Esq. Thomas Sidney, Esq., Alderman George Smith, Esq. Janiss Walsh, Esq. Matthew Wicking, Esq. Edward Wiggins, Esq. Arthur Wdcoxon, Esq. TRUSTEES. Robert Clarke, Esq., Cheapside James Peek, Esq., Eastcheap 11 airtniah Teape, Esq., Alelgatc TREASURER. George Moore, Esq., Bow-churchyard AUDITORS. Geore Hitchcock, Esq., St. Pees-churchyard . William Lawson, Esq. William M'Culloch, Esq. Robinson Ridley, Esq. George Stockdale, Esq. Thomas Tapling, Esq. BOARD OF MANAGISSIENT. Thomas Sidney, Esq., Alderman Julius Aders, Esq, Crutched Friars John Baggalary, Esq., Love-lane David Blyth, Esq., Barbican! J. L. Bootkby, Esq., Upper Thames-street Thomas Brough, Esq., Liverpool F. J. Bligh, Esq., Cheapside J. R. Cuffiey, Esq., Monument-yard J. D. Carter, Esq., Aldgate J. L. Evans, Esq., Wardrobe-place J. P. Foster, Esq., Woed-street Richard Groucoc, Esq., Bow-churchyard J. Galloway, Esq., Manchester R. Gilson, Esq., Fenchurch-street W. G. B. Gunton, Esq., New Weston-street George Harker, sq., Upper Thames-street G. Hewitt, Esq , Brixton Jenkin Jones, Esq.. Coles-terrace J. Ingle, Esq., Wood-street R. Johnson, Esq., Watling-street D. Lewis, Esq., Manchester A. IL Moore, Esq., Calthorpe-street John Mak, jun., Esq., Friday-street J. P. Massey, Esq., Birmingham R. M. Phillips, Esq., Rood-lane Giles Redmayne, Esq., Bond-street W. S. Ramsey, Esq., Queen-street-place Thomas Roberts, Esq., Paternoster-row R. Shillingford, Esq., Old. Jewry Evan Smith, Esq., Sheffield Henry Sturt, Esq., Wood-street W. Tilt, Esq., Claremont-square James Walsh, Esq., Old 'Change John B. Walker, Esq., Friday-street Matthew Wicking, Esq., Dorset-square Thomas Williamson, Esq., Savage-gardens HONORARY SECRETARY—George Lawrence, Esq The Board of Management will meet at the above Offices, on More- DAY next, the 4th January, 1847, for the purpose of transacting business, and with a view to prepare for an.early election of children. wmmAit GORDON, Secretary. PUBLICATIONS. NEW WORK BY MICHAEL ANGELO TITMARSH. This Day is published, to be continued in Monthly Parts, pet* Is. each, with numerous Illustrations on Steel and Wood , Part I. of VA NIT Y FAIR: PEN AND PENCIL SKETCHES OF ENGLISH SO CIETY. • By W. M. THACKERAT. Author of " The Irish Sketch Book ;" " Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo ;" of " Jeames's Diary," and the " Snob Papers," in Punch, Scc. Bcc. Bills and Advertisements will be received at the Office, during the month. London: Published at the Punch Office, 85, Fleet-street; J. Men zies, Edinburgh ; J. M`Leod, Glasgow ; J. M`Glashan, Dublin. Wilson, Royal Exchange ; and all Booksellers. DOUGLAS' JERROLD'S WEEKLY NE WS- A_, PAPER ENLARGED, with Various New Features, ou the 23d January, to 32 Pages or 96 Columns. Price. as heretofore; Six pence. Order of all Newsmen, Town or Country, of whom fuller prospectuses may be obtained. No. 16,941. A SSOCIATION FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE DUTY ON TEA. WILLIAM NICOL, Esq., Chairman. CHRISTOPHER RAWSON, Esq., and HENRY WINCH, Esq., Dei.uty Chairmen. WILLIAM BALLEMY, Esq., Treasurer. ROBERT C. CROSBIE, Esq.. and JOHN SCOTT, Esq., Honorary Secretaries. COMMITTEE. George Armstrong, Esq Thomas Bold, Esq. Edward Brodribb, Esq. W. P. Bushby, Esq. Malcolm Cores, Esq. C. Cottesworth, Esq. Edward Cropper, Esq. John Cropper, jun., Esq. J. Crostleltl, Esq. It. Duckworth, Esq. A. Findlay, Esq. W. F. Foster, Esq. R. Fry, Esq. T. Fry, Esq. George Grant, Esq. W. F. Gray, Rsq. Daniel Harrison, Esq. Lawrence Heywerth, Esq_ In announcing the formation of this Association, the Committee feel that little introduction from them is necessary to ensure from the public their hearty concurrence and support, seeing the benefit which would accrue to all classes of the community from the realisa tion of the object they have in view. It has long been the conviction of philanthropists, that the obtain ing for the poor, at a moderate price, a beverage so wholesome as tea, would be an inestimable boon, not merely on account of its com fort as an article of daily use, but especially on account of its tendency to promote social feeling and temperance, with all the domestic and orderly habits consequent thereupon. Ample experience has also convinced the merchants engaged in the tea trade with China, as well as those engaged in the tea trade at home, that our export trade with the Chinese is in danger, and that, to - preserve it, there is the most argent necessity for a large reduction of the present high duty on tea. The Committee earnestly request attention to the following con siderations on this important subject : That pressing, as this duty does, most heavily on the lower kinds, it prevents the use of tea amongst the most numerous class of our countrymen. _ _ _ _ J. Houck, Esq. A. Kelso, Jun., Esq. Harold Littiedale, Esq. Thomas Littledale, jun., Esq. Hugh Matheson, Esq. W. G. Molyneux, Esq. William Potter, Esq. W. Prowse, Esq. William Rathbohe, Es l . WiMain Rathbonc, jun., Esq. W. Rotheram, Esq. G. C. Schwabe, Esq. T. W. sharland, Esq. James Steains, Esq. J. Thomson, Esq. Charles Turner, Esq. James Tyrer, Esq. That the original cost of tea is very moderate, the bulk of the qualities generally consumed varying from Bd. to 2s. per lb., and that its consumption is restricted by no indisposition on the part of the public to purchase it, but by its high price, caused solely by the present oppressive duty. That there is scarcely a limit to the capacity or disposition of the Chinese to purchase our manufactures. That while;as already stated, our duty on tea ranges from 200 to 400 per cent., the Chinese admit our imports at an ad valorem duty of live per cent. That this impolitic duty materially limits our exports to China, and seriously interferes with the employment of labour. _ _ _ The Committee feel confident - that a similar increase to that which has taken place in the consumption of coffee, by the material reduc tion of the duty, may be anticipated from a proportionate reduction of the duty on tea. That thereby the consumption of tea would be greatly augmented, and the revenue correspondingly benefited. The Committee feel assured that there will hardly be found a single opponent to the justice of their claim, and that it only requires the hearty co-operation of the public to ensure success. They have much pleasure in annexing a list of subscriptions already received, and they respectfully solicit the assistance of the public in furtherance of the object of the Association. Subscriptions will be received by the treasurer, or any member of the Committee. WILLIAM NICOL, Chairman. No. 1, Exchange-bulldings, Nov. 2, 1846. SUBSCRIPTIONS. Mr. C. Rawson - Mr. H. Winch Mr. R. C. Cresbie - Mr. E. Brodribb Mr. A. Kelso • Mr. W. Prowse - • - Mr. D. Harrison - Mr. W. Balleny - Mr. A. Findlay - Mr. R. Duckworth Mr. Steains - Mr. J. Scott - Mr. R. Jamieson - Mr. J. Matheson - Mr. C. P. Dickson - Mr. W. Rathbone Mr. W. Rathbone, jun. - Mr. George Armstrong - Mr. William Nicol - Mr. Potter Mr. Molyneux Mr. R. Fry - Mr. T. Fry - Mr. J. Thomson - Mr. W. Foster - Mr. George Grant Mr. Robertson Gladstone - Mr. Smith Harrison Mr. Joseph Crosfleld Mr. T. W. Sharland Mr. W. Retheram Mr. James Tyrer Mr. Thomas Bold - Mr. J. Cropper, jun. Mr. E. Cropper - Mr. C. Cotesworth - Corrie and Co. Mr. Charles Turner - Mr. William Earle - Mr. Thomas Earle - H. H. Moffatt and Co. - - Mr. J. Stokes Mr. W. F. Gray - Mr. W. P. Bushby - Mr. Robert Lloyd - Mr. Thomas Matheson - Mr. G. Schwabe - Mr. L. Hayworth - Mr. H. Littledale Mr. M. F. Brownrigg Mr. G. Hargreaves - Mr. Kindermann - Mr. J. Hosack - Mr. W. J. Millard - Miller Brothers - Mr. E. Hall - 3.rr. William Higgins Mr. R. N. Jones - Mr. J. A. Hulbert - Mr. Thomas Murray Messrs. Woodall and Jones - Mr. Caleb A. Tate - A Lady - A Labouring Man - Mr. James Chesney- Mr. John Benyon - Messrs. J. W. Cater and Co. Mr. G. J. Wainwright - James Alex. Scott - Thos. Littledale, Jun. John Wills A. Radcliffe Robert Roberts, Bank-buildings £lO 10 0 - 10 10 0 . 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 • 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 • 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 -i 5 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 -5 5 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 -2 2 0 - 10 10 0 10 10 0 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 10 10 0 . 10 10 0 10 10 0 - 10 10 0 • 10 10 0 -5 5 0 - 10 10 0 -5 5 0 2 2 0 -1 1 0 -1 0 0 -2 2 0 -2 2 0 -5 5 0 2 2 0 -1 0 0 - 010 0 -0 2 6 -0 5 0 0 5 0 -5 0 0 - 10 10 0 -5 5 0 - 10 10 0 -1 1 0 - 10 10 0 -2 2 0 ADDRESS of the LIVERPOOL ASSOCIA TION for the REDUCTION of the DUTY on TEA. In again calling public attention to the present oppressive and impolitic tax upon tea, the Association are anxious to give promi• nence to those facts which indicat, the necessity for an immediate reduction of the duty. The conclusion of the treaty with China encouraged confident expectations of the extension of our trade with that empire. It was reasonably anticipated that the low rate of duty imposed by its Government upon British manufactures would be reciprocated by a corresponding liberality in the admission of the staple production of the Chinese for the use of ourselves. The elements of agricultural industry essential to the production of tea,—the fertile and exten sive territory, and the superabundant population of China, esti mated at above 350,000,000,—are capable of enlarging its supply in a ratio at least equal to that in which the machinery of our manu facturers can increase the production of fabrics required for exporta tion. Our imports of tea from China have never yet reached four per cent. of the entire production of that country, according to the best calculation. It is, however, a notorious fact, that the expectations thus cherished have been disappointed. The merchants are exposed to heavy losses in the importation of teas, which are now selling in the British markets at prices below their current value in China ; while at the same time our manufactures are selling in China for less than the cost of their production here. The population at large are unbenefited by any practical result accruing from a treaty that has left behind it a tax upon British ind G stry, which at the same time confe a bonus upon foreign competition• There is no difficulty in ascertaining the cause of so disastrous an issue. The pressure of an impost, unprecedented in any other tariff, cripples the operations of our merchants, and excludes our manu factures tom the larger proportion of the Chinese population ; while it deprives the labouring classes in this country of one of the most needful articles of domestic comfort. The foreign policy of our Go vernment has achieved a brilliant success ; but its results are marred and counteracted by the incongruous arrangements of the Home Exchequer. The chief export of China is brought in abundance to our shores, only to accumulate in our warehouses. A tax, as anomalous in ibs principle as it is mischievous in its results, stops at once the tide of commercial prosperity and the pervading currents of social civilization. Under such circumstances, it is almost as easy to predict the future as to review the past A losing trade can never be a permanent one. The discouraging results of this year's imports will curtail the ship ments of the next. Comparative scarcity, and proportionately high prices, will follow. The professed intention of the financial measures of Government for some time past has been to cheapen the necessa ries of life. In this country tea occupies a more prominent place among those necessaries than in any other. Under tiro operation of any uniform and reasonable system of taxation, it would, therefore, have been recognised as a primary object for the ameliorative inter position of Government. On the contrary, however, the Legislature of the country in which it is most extensively consumed is the last to recognise its importance in the civil and social economy of the state. The British Government has afforded every facility for its supply to other countries, where it is little more than an occasional luxury, and has impeded its consumption among ourselves, where its use is indispensable. The necessities of the Exchequer, the only plea advanced in pallia tion of an impost so obviously indefensible, is one which will not bear examination. There is no reason to apprehend that the reduc tion of the ditty to Is. per pound would leave a deficit of any import ance. The immediate result of such a change would unquestionably be the liberation of a larger quantity from bond than had ever been taken out during the same period before. If any temporary pres sure upon our finances existed, it would thus be promptly relieved. There is no room to doubt that in the further course of time the gra dual increase of consumption would enlarge the revenue upon a sure and satisfactory basis. This is not a gratuitous conjecture, but a reasonable deduction from the result of similar changes in the duties on coffee and sugar ; and, above all, it is confirmed by the only two existing precedents of a reduction in the tax upon tea itself. In 1744, the duty was reduced from 131. 18s. 7V. per cent. and 4s. per lb. to 38/. 18s. 74d. per cent. and Is. per lb. The consumption im mediately advanced nearly 50 per cent. In 1784, the duty was re duced from i5l. 15e. 10d. per cent. and la. Id. 4-sths per lb. to 12y, per cent. The consumption was at once more than doubled. In 1785 it was trebled, and is 1794 it was quadrupled. Since that pe riod the duty has gradually advanced. Under the monopoly of the East India Company it was 100 per cent. ; and muter a system of in dividual enterprise and competition, it is nearly 200 per cent. Every reduction in the price of the article has, however, been followed by an increase in its consumption. The present consumption of tea in this country amounts to an average of about I%lb. per head per annum for the entire popula tion. This is about one-fourth of the allowance usually afforded to domestic servants in familes of the middle classes ; it is less than one-half of the quantity consumed in the Channel Islands, where all intoxicating beverages are far cheaper than in this country; and it is scarcely one-sixth of the proportion used in Australia, by a popu lation whose physical requirements will appear to most persons less favourable to its use. Whatever test may be applied to our present consumption, it will evidently appear to be restricted by the artificial limits of price, and not by any objection to the qualities and proper ties of the article. A careful examination of these will justify the conclusion that it is adapted more than any ether beverage for in corporation with every description of diet, and for use at every meal ; that it is suited to every variety of physical constitution, and adequate to sustain every description of mental or corporeal exercise. The present duty amounting to two-thirds of the cost of the most serviceable descriptions of tea, it is evident that the dealers require, In order to cover their investments in its purchase, three times the profit which would repay them, were the article free of duty. The public have thus to pay a tax upon a tax; the magnitude of the im post, in the first instance, being indefeasible and oppressive. Were the duty reduced to Is. per lb., the consumer would obtain at least 31bs, of tea for the seine money that lie now pays for 2lbs. ; and there is no doubt whatever that the larger quantity would be used. Is the consumption of every pound of tea involves that of 51bs. of sugar, the extra duty on the latter, added to that on the increased quantity of tea at Is., would at once yield a revenue of about four m illions, according to the most moderate computation, while the future enlargement of this source of public income might confidently be expected. The committee conceive it unnecessary to enlarge upon those moral and social benefits that may fairly be anticipated under the operation of a more equitable impost. They are persuaded that the removal of those restrictions which now impede the use of a cheap and Salubrious beverage would be highly conducive to the happiness and well-being of the community, by encouraging habits of tem perance and domestic comfort, and by supplying practical dissua gives from crime. They regard the burden of the tax as now pressing upon the energies of the entire population, under what ever character these may be beneficially developed ; and they there fore invite the sympathy and support of all classes in their efforts for its removal. WILLIAM NICOL, Chairman. LlTCriaini, NOTOInbe, 1846. et., iagis, &tn. neliull iral- - IMO Ulises hoop Iretts earl John incis lent, ttie, sett .00 V. I IS. Anoc I ~ ~,