The Sun. — London, England, 1806-12-30 00:00:00

AMERICAN EXPEbITIO.Nv OF DISC6FERY, In our Paper of the ad instant, we inserted_some observation& in regard to the success of the American Expedition of Discovery,un der the command of Car. LEwx s. We.were yesterday favoured with the follow ing copy of a letter from Capt. CLARK; the second in command, to his brother, General CLARR, received on the same day ; which, to the improvement of geo graphy, and the satista6tion of the public at large, sets the qUestion suggested in our former publication al_rest, inasmuch as it ascertains that that Expedition did succeed in penetrating through the Continent between the rivers Missouri and Columbia, and in navigating the ,Columbia down to the Pacific. " St. Louis, Sept. 23, 18c6. "- DEAR BROTHER, " We arrived at this place at twelve o'clock to-day from the Paoific Ocean, where we remained during the last winter, near the entrance of, the Columbia River. This station we left on the 27th of March last, and should have reached St. Louis early in Au gust, 'had we not been detained by the snow, which barred our pas Sage across the Rocky Mountains until the 24th of June. In returning through those moun tains, we divided ourselves into Several parties, di grossing from the route by which we went out, in order the more effe&ually to explore the country, and .discover the most praaicable route which does exist across the Continent by the way of the Missouri and Columbia Rivers. In this we were completely successful, and have therefore no hesitation in-declar ing, that such as nature has permitted, we have dis covered the beat route which does exist across this Continent of North America in that direction. Such is that by way of the Missouri to the foot of the Rapids below the great falls of that flyer, 'a distance of 2575 mites ; thence by land passing by the Rocky Mouutaias, to a navigable part of the kooskooske, 340 ; and with the lk , .Oskooke 73 Miles, Leivis's River H 4 miles, and the Colitglbia 413 miles to the Pacific Ocean, making the total distance from the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi to the discharge of the Columbia into the Pacif4c Ocean;3s's4 miles. The navigation of the Missouri may be deenied good—its difficulties, arise from its falling banks, CI - 111)er em 'bedded in the mud of ifs channels, its sand-bars and steady rapidity of its current, all which May be over come with a great degree of certainty, by using the necessary precautions. The passage by land of 3-10 miles, from the falls of the Missouri to the Koos looske, is the most formidable part of the tray pro:- posed across the -Continent. Of this distance, 200, Wiles is along a good road, and 140 miles over Ire- Mendous mountains, whiCh for 60 miles are covered with eternal snows. A passage over these Mountains, is, however, practicable from the latter part of June to the last of September • and the cheap rate at which horses are to be obtained from the, Indians of the Rocky Mountains, and west of them, reduces•the ex pences of transportation over this portage to a mere trifle. The navigation of the Kooskooke, Lewis's River, and the Coltinibia, is safe and good, from the Ist of- April to the middle of August, by making three portages'on the latter river ; the first of which, in descending, is 1200 paces at the falls of Colum- ' bia, 2151 miles up that river; the, second, of two miles,' at the long narrows six miles below 'the falls; and a third, also of two miles at 'the great Rapids, 65 miles still lower down. The tide flows up the Columbia 183 miles', , and within seven miles of the great Rapids. Large sloops may with safety ascend as high as tide water, and vessels of 300 tons burthen reach the entrance of the Multnomah river, a large southern branch of the Columbia, Which . takes its.rise on the confines of New Mexico, _with the Callerado and Apostle's rivers , discharging it self into the Columbia 145 miles from its entrance into the Pacific Ocean. I consider this tra& across the Continent of immense advantage to the fur trade, as all the furs collected in nine-tenths of the must valuable fur country in America, may .be conveyed to the mouth of the Columbia, and shipped from. thence to the East Indies, by the Ist of Au gust in each year : and will of course reach Can ton earlier than the furs which are annually export ed from Montreal arrive in Great Britain. " In our outward-bound voyage; we ascended to the foot of the Rapids below'. the great falls of the Missouri, where we arrived on the] 4th of June; 1805. Not having met with any of the natives of the Rocky Mountains, we were, of course, igne-' rant of the passes by land which existed thro' these mountains to the Columbia river; and had we even known the route, we were destitute,of horses, which would have been indispensibly necessaryto enable us to transport the requisite quantity of ammunition and other stores to ensure the remaining part of our voy age,down the Columbia ; we therefore determined to navigate the Missouri, as far as it was practicable, or unless we met with some of the natives' from whom we could obtain horses. and intbrmation of the coun try. Accordingly,' we took a most laborious portage at the fall of the Missouri, of 18 miles, which we effected, with our canoes and baggage by the 3d of July. From thence, ascending the Missouri,we pene trated the Rocky Mountain at the distance of . 7l'miles above the _upper part of the portage, and penetrated as fanas the three forks of that river, a distance of , 180 miles fm then. Here the Missouri divides into three nearly equal branches at the same point the two largest branches are so nearly of, the same dig nity, that we did not -conceive that either of them could, with propriety, retain the name, of the Mis souri ; and therefore called the: - ;e streams Jef ferson's, Madison's, and Gallatin's rivers.. The con fluence of these rivers, is 3848 miles from the mouth of the Missouri by the meanders of that river.— We arrived at the three forks of the Missouri the 2,7 th of July. • Not having yet been so fortunate as to meet with the natives, althengh I bad previously made several exertions for that purpose; we were compelled to continue mit - route by water. . . (To be contivued.) It is not true that the Duke of BRUNswICK•, in his last moments, or that his son, solicited permission that. his corpse should be ,deposited in the•tOmb'of his ancestors. In his will the Duke desires to be buried in the place where he may happen to die. But the request to bury his body at Brunswick was made by the States of Brunswick ; and BONAPARTF,, enraged that the people should evince any affeecion' or attachment to their legitimate. 'Sovereign ; return ed_ that insolent and unmanly answer which has been published in all the Papers. ,; 7 Diody on the 26th inst. at Penzance, the infant son of Capt. SAMCEL LIoon.LINZEE, Royal Navy, 01 an irruption, in consequence of vaccitiatiutt. 1 1- I.e, POLICE. ARLSOII6I7OII-STREET,—John Lewis Biz' ptisla Zurrieulet (valet-de-chambre to Lord CatedooY, stands charged with robbing his Lordship of - plate, linen, apparel„ 8:c. to a considerable amount, yesier• day underwent an examination at this Office. 'Tice Prisoner, it will be remembered, is charged with having committed this robbery by obtaining back packages from the Portsmouth Waggin inn, they having been sent thither by order of Lord Cale, don, in order to be for Warded to Portsmouth, to be shipped for the Cape of Good Hope, whither his Lordship is about to depart as Governor. His Lord ship bad gone to' Ireland to take leave of his friends, and had left the Prisoner, ‘Vho was considered a con fidential servant, in care of his hons - e in town. Lord caledoti had not arrived in town yesterday; but a part of the property stolen belonged to Col. Alex ander, who is appointed Aid-duL,Camp to his Lord r:ship, and be having arrived from PortsmOuth to at tend the examination, it was entered intO. Some articles of linen, which were sworn.to by. this Gen tleman, .were proved to have been packed in ot'e of the packages_ delivered at the inn, and afterwards sold to Myers, a-salesman in Swallow -street, by the 'Prisoner. On examining one of the boxes, Mr. Alexander found some garments . missing, one of WhiCh 'was the uniform of an Aid-du-camp, which, with a fashionable blue coat, were founds at the :house of a . celebrated miniature painter in Duke street, Portland-place. The Prisoner, it appeared, had' taken the uniform coat thither to' have likeness taken in a superb dress, and ',enc.:Many wore it whilq the limner took his likeness. _ Lord C.'s coachman, who had observed the. Pr isoner bring back the package which contained a' part of Mr. Alexander's linen,'after it had been taken ,to the inn, proved this fact, as well as others tend-, iu to critninate the Prisoner. He also described him as having, in one instance, insisted on going to the Opera in his master's carriage, and on being re f Used, he produced' a written paper, purporting to be the satiation oti Lord C. for such a step. The carriage was, however, rendered unfit for use, and the Prisoner was disappointed. A Lady, whose name is Care, was a very material ‘yitnesl against the Prisoner: She first saw him at the theatre, When he was dressed - in the extrem&of fashion, with a superb abundance of rings, jewels, &c. He was known to some of the party (chiefly Ladies) who was with, Miss Care, and each quizzed him, and so did Miss C. in her turn, by observing. he had got his .wife's seal on his watch chain. 'l'he Prisoner immediately , insisted, that as it was a Lady's' seal he would make it a present to her, and also the She at first refuSed to accept it,' but at length did take it, and the next morning,- when the Prisoner (whom she had never seen until the moment of his generosity) called on her, she gave him back his present, fearing ~some ill might come of it. She saw him several times .afterwards, and he alwayS represented himself as a Nobleman: She break fasted with him at. Lord C.'s house, 'in Stratton -street, Which he represented as his own mansion, and he sheaved her a considerable quantity of rich furniture, &c. Miss C. pereeiving a coronet on the linen, asked him low a foreigner could wear a'Bi - itish coronet ?. which be was at a loss to explain. He then said he would tell her the truth, which was, that he was a Swiss Nobleman, and was 'going to the Cape with Lord C. as his Lordship's aid-du-carnp. Miss C. was accommodated with a quantity of wine, which she took home in a coach with her, in a box, which bad originally been packed with Colonel Alexander's property. He had often shewn her a superbly rich gold mounted- snuffbox, which, it.' aPpeared, bad' been Mounted at Lord Caledon's expellee. Miss, Care considered him an extremely polite Gentle mtm, and an admirer/ of the Ladies, 'to many of whom he was well known in her circle. Mr. Smith, a linen-draper in Piccadilly, to whom he had,otrered to dispose of table-linen, stated, that he had represented himself to him as a -Noble man, and that he had ten thousand pounds worth of property to dispose of, as he wa'about to leave the country. The packages remain opened in Lord Caledon's house, with the doors of the apartmentS secured, Until the arrival of his Lordship.—The Prisoner was remanded till next Monday. GUlLDHALL.—Yesterday a man was * brought be fore . Sir. C. PRICE, the , Sitting Alderman, charged with defrauding the Patriotic' Fund, at LLOYD'S Coffee-house, of 301. upon the pretence of being one of the wounded, Seamen in the British Fleet, in the glorious Battle of Trafalgar. The Prisoner had been examined at Greenwich, where it was ascertained that he had not been wounded, and sent in custody to' London. The offence' alledged having been committed within the jUrisdiaion of the LORD MAYOR, the Prisoner was remanded for further examination before his Lordship. LONGFORD, DEC. 23.—0n1y one Thrasher, Peter Morris, has been capitally convidled under the Com mission here : orders .were issued for his immediate execution, but the Sberitf received them too late on Saturday last, and, .in consequence, he has been re ,spited for three days past. The addresses of the judges and Counsel for the Crown were awfully elo quent,- and Made a salutary impression on all who heard them. From the dreadful examples already ;made, we hope for aperfe6.l restoration of good order. FIR E.---Thupday morning early some of the out houses belonging to Mr. Hope, 'of East Sheen, Sur yey, were discovered to be on fire. Being'woode3 buildings, and .filled•with timber for improving the villa, they presented a.scene, of terror to the country found but by the a&ivity of the neighbours, and the Mortlake Volunteers, in pulling down several in tervening buildings, the dwelling-house was pre served, and the destru6tive element was confined to a large barn and granary, which were consumed, with . , their before-mentioned contents. The fire, it is supposed, was occasioned by a plasterer slaking some lime. The transmutation of inferior .Metals into Gold, was long the hilJoriou's and Vain attempt of ancient Alchymists. But notwithstanding their absurd ef forts, it is a po fernptory fait, that at the present sera, nay, almost at the present moment, Twenty six Shillings will be found capable of being converted into nearly Two Thousand Golden Pounds. If any doubt this, let them view' the unparalteled, Lotie•ry Scheme, that, begins •drawing the 13th January, to be convinced of'the fact. 113,ITTLE. OF AUEASTADT • . O JNA, CT. 29.-7 m tiT'uubjic acconnts di*rAo \vitt* , re4peting the :flernr.cnces on the kin 9f Oaober, I atil induced the , iii pritculars, which may bt.: relied upon as' au thpnt , • 00 . !Ile I . 4th of Oelobc.tr two dist'inc't . battles were "fought between the French a n d P russ i an Armies— r, .with the latter' of which the Saxons were incorpo rated ; the one near Jena, the other near Auerstadt. The space between the two s fi'elds' s 'of battle is sixteen (English) miles. ThefesUlt of both was favourable to the arms of France. : • The battle of Jena began 'arliall past sit, in the morning, between Lutzerode and . Closewitz ; it then moved off to Vierzehnheiligim and KripPerl dorf, and terminated at three in the afternoon at Capellendorf, nine (English) miles from ;Weimar. The FrZ‘nch were commanded by IS:apoleon in per son, and under him fought th , ..! Marshals Lannes, Ney, Augcreao, and Soult, with their corps.— LanneS made the first attack, between Lutzerode and Closewitz, where the Saxons maintained their position two hours with the greatest intrepidity.— The PrOsialls, were commanded by Prince Ho hsenlphe, under Whoni were Count Tauenzien and the Saxcul Generals. General iluchel, with a re serve of fifteen thousand then, was engaged at Ca pellendorf. - The batik 'or AuerstAdt, nine' (English) miles fforn Naumburgh, commenced at six in the morn ing of the same day. The King of Prussia and Duke of - , Brut with their Army, occupied the space between the villages of Poppelt, Truch wrti, find Itebliausen. Early in the, morning Mar shal atvonst had marched with his corps from Kosen to the 'heights of Hessenbausen, where he posted himself. The right wing of the Prussians, under Count Wartensleben, made the first attack with success ; but was Soon obliged to relinquish the advantage it had obtained, on Which it retreated; first to Greustadt, and then to Eckartsbausen. In the evening- MarNhal Bernadotte came up to thile sup port of MarShal Davoukt. _. It was remarkable, that' the French centre, under the Emperor .Nap . oleon, was engaged at Jena, and that of the Prussians, under the King, at Auerstadt,, or rather. at - fiessenhauseu. , In the past year, the eleven days of October, from the 7th to the 17th, decided 'the fate of the Austrian ar:ny. In less, than . the same number of days, in . October of the present year, the formida ble force of Prussia was annihilated. 'Yhe differ ence consists iu the, time, and also in the circum stance that General ,Mack was overcome without any important engagement. In the situation, in the faults of the, positions, in the sagacity with whiCh Napoleon availed, himself of these errors, in the turning of his Opponents,- there is • a striking co incidence. Contemporary history points out these obvious causes of the disasters of Prussia; but the disclosure of the secret., agents that, may have con . - tribmed to produce them is reserved for futurity. A complete, minufe, and substantiated account, is as yet , a problem, that admits not -of solution ; as no reports of the principal events have appeared on tfie part of Prtifisia, as we have, only heard the statements of the..conquerors, whose rapid exten sion over all the Countries between the Eibe and the Vistul.i r sufficiently attests the magnitude of their successes. A celebrated military writer, the author of the Campaign of 1805, has, asserted, that if Prussia was resolved to go to war with France, she must Commence her operations before Napoleon should have crossed the Rhine.. Many of the opinions of this writer, as, 'for instance, that the Prussian in fa!:'-ry are not, on account of their clothing, fit for a winter campaign, are now calculated to make a deep impression, on a re-perikal of his work. The previous condition on which he insists, namely, that to command success, the waf must have been begun before the crossing of the Rhine by the French troops, could not be accomplished at the, coin— mcincement of this Contest. Ever since the peace of Presburgh the. French had remained in the heart of Germany. The greatest part of the Grand Army, w,hich divided into seven corps, had, the preceding year, vanquished the, Austrians and Russians, was Still in Suabia, Bavaria, Franconia, and on the Saxon Frontiers. On the 2cl of OaoberNapoleon at peared at Wurtzburgh, th e sou l that animated this prodigouslorce, to which thronged numberiesS war riors from the Interior of France, from the States of the Rhenish Confederacy, from Holland, and from Italy. These again formed seven corps, to which an eighth was advancing under Marshal Mor tier,: Such was the impetuous torrent that kept ap proaching nearer arid nearer. It was intended .that the forest of Thuringia should set limits to its progress. The Army of the King of Prussia, supporting itself upon it, was di vided into three principal corps. The left wing, under Prince Hohenlohe, who had his head-quar ters at Gera, was composed of Silesian and East Prussian.regiments, strengthened by 20,000 Saxons. In the centre at Erfurth, were the King and the Duke of Brunswick, with the r i g i men i s f ro M t h e Provinces of Magdeburgh, Halberstadt, the Circle of the Saale, the Middle Marck, and the recently acquired Thuringia, together with the garrisons of Berlin and Potsdam, the flower of the troops, who were reinforced by 10,000 men from the left wing, after the junction of the Saxons. The right wing was formed at Eisenach, by Lieutenant-General Von 'Rnehel, with the troops drawn together from LoWer Saxony and Hanover. Eientenant-General Von Biucher supported this wing with a distinal corps, .and the co-operation of a corps of fourteen thousand Hessians with it, seems to have been confidently cal- Culated on. Thus this fine army pf 120,000 men covere d . a 4e . pf twenty German miles, along the frontiers of Yotitland, to the Werrathal, beyond Eisenach. It wasat first designed to secu re all these frontiers by an uninterrupted cordon from Ash, and the borders of Bohemia, on the one side, to rulda on the other. • But the danger of this 'extraordinary extension was soon apparent. The Army concentrated itself—all the-itpproaches from the \Yerrathal to the Thurin gian Hills were occupied by advanced posts, and the two wings drew nearer to the centre, at Erfurth; the head-quarthrs of the Prince of Hohenlohe being removed to Jena, and those of General Ruchel to Gotha. In the decisive Moment irresolution para lysed the energies of the Prussians—they knew not . whether to attack the enemy, or themselves to await ' • , ' L :•-; , ;•.: L.' f; -1 Pr ;;n 2 tiLe - aFs:lctit, .distinguished. Prussian qe-tic;:al proposed a. shtlizent of operations, whi t ,;l 4 perhaps, have been attended witt~..in~ttY sea 1 Jesuits., TliA, which was adopted,. which calculated,. in: case of .soccess, to push !.vard their right wing•heyond.Eisenach to Fulda art Frankfort, the centre beyond Gotlia,.to - Wort z buo.h, • and the lett wing beyond. Coburg!), • to Bamberg, produced two highly prejudicial consequences.. '1 corps of General Count Tauenzien, posted too far inadvance, was.left totally exposed, and an opp( r, amity was arThrded to the enemy to turn the left of the concentrated, Prussian Army. • This error of his adversaries escaped not thepen tration of Nai . ioleon. The position of the PruSsians in the hills of ThUrin s' ia, which was de e m e d in,•oi cible, and was defended by nature, was soon turned. This great obje& of the French Emperor was:ac complished by the advancing of two columns. -T . oneconduded by the Prince of Ponto Coro, undti . whom commanded the Marshals Ney and Sonar, plashe4 on the Bth and gth of OStober, from B ' rem() ) by way of Hof, Lobenstein, and Schleiz, into Saxon Voigtland and the possessions of the Counts Reuss, and spread diSmay in all diredions, by means of detachments of tzrailieurs, and light troops, who scoured the Country as lat. as Leipzig. The Count Von Tauenzein, who thus found him self suddenly cut off from the main army, suc ceeded, it is true, in fighting his way through the enemy ; but Was obliged to leave his b,:00. , ,e and the important and too•-much-exposed magazines at Hof, in the hands of the French. To facilitate the junfdion of this corps, the Pi ioce of Hohenlohe had ordered. the van of tire Pra:siii7l left wing to advance. It was led on by Niue Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, a nephew of the C mat Frederick ; a young hero, who had gained laurels in the first • war with the Frencla., Ors the wth, near Saalfeld, it fell in with 'the other Frc-ricii column, detached by Napoleon, under the Marshals Auge* reau and Lannes, who were hastily advancing from •Schweiofurth, by way of Coburgh and Gratzotlial. At the head of one regiment and a half of Prus sian, and four regiments of Saxon infantry, and, two Saxon regiments of cavalry, Prince Louis, with his charaaeristic intrepidity, attacked the superior force of the French. They sustained some loss, and a Saxon battery des:royed the bridze across tire S - aaie. Not content with this, Prince Louis, with his six or seven thousand braVe followers, resolved to ob tain still greater advantages. Regardless of the great-superiority of tire enemy, and the destruEtive fire which Made great havoc among the Saxons, he repeated his attacks till he himself and his corps fell vidlitis to his 'temerity. A French subaltern Odicer of Hussars struck the Royal. Hero from his horse ; , he died a glorious death, which spared him the pain of the subsequent untoward eveti'S. The French took on this Occasion 30 pieces et . General Von- Trutzschler, with a tew of his men, were alone so fortunate as to cut their way through, the enemy. These losses, sustained on the very first day on which the curtain of _the grcat military drama was drawn up, lad a very unfavourable influence upon the fate of the Prussian Army: They diminished the confidence and ardour of the troops, deprived them of •the means of subsistence, and placed the Army in a very critical isituation : for, in propoi tion as the two wings of the, Vrench advancei, Napoleon had pushed lbrward the centre beyond The Marshals. Lannes and Augereau occu pi e d with the left wing the ground quitted by the Prince of, Holienlohe. While they were at Jena and Kalila, the right wing of the French inundated the beautiful plaids of Saxony, which were complete ly exposed to" the very sates of Dresden, covered the whole road from Gera to Leipzig with hus sars and chasseurs, and extended its advanced • posts to Weissenfels and Naumburgh,• where ano ther Valuable Magazine fell into the hands of, Davoust. This rapid progress of 'the right ‘.ving of the French, forced the Prussian army into a situation, the perplexities of which are thus • described by Napoleon in his Third Bulletin, dated the 13th of Ottober :—" The Weser, where the Enemy had erected batteries, the Saale, which he likewise designed to defend ,and all the other rivers, have been turned nearly in the same manner as the- Iller last year ; so that the French army is posted at the Saale, having the Elbe in its rear, and is march ing against the Prussian army, which, on its part, has its back towards the ,Rhine; a singular position, which muSt be productive of important events." These were soon developed. The sun °idle following day 'illumined the field of bat tle,in which the horrors of war raged with infinitely greater fury than in' the neighbouring fields of Lot zen, where fell Gustavus Adolphus; the. great Mon - arch of Sweden, and of Rosbach, Where the founder of the military glory,of Prussia totally 'routed the French Army under- the Prince De Soubise, on the sth of November, 1757. The heroes who fell on that day slept too soundly to be awakened by the thunder of the artillery, or. to rise again to assist the present defender of the Prus sian standards. The ardour which the vicinity of Rosbach, add trophies formerly won,-would have ix,- cited, was,- under the present circumstances, extin guished. The Prussians., surrounded and cut otf from 'Dresden, began to be greatly in want of pro- • visions, and, what was worse, of anmmnition and military stores. Cooler, 'observers likewise disco vered a want of that steady unity of plan, by which ,alone a mass can be - - moved and guided. It is also aid, that, on the morning of the battle, when a thick fog favoured the attacks of the French, the• plan was -essentially altered by the Duke of Bruns wick, and thus, in the cry first instance, confusion was inevitable. So much the, greater was the unity in the move ments of the force under the dirOlion of Napoleon. He formed the design of termin a ti ng the war by s single blow. At, Marengo he conquered Italy ; at Ulm, Vienna; and now a sitigie day was cicsti'ne.d to open to him the gates of all the Fortresse of Prussia. Whether a less powerful military State, a General not so inexhaustible in resources, .Shoidd have adopted such a plan, and have placefl the f7.4'. tune of the whole campaign on the uncertain result of a few hours, - is a laehtion which it belongs not to an historian to resolve. Hin:Htmity must rejoice when one battle etreas what formerly was the re%ctit of many' bloody engagements. With this mode cf fighting, peculiar to the Emperor Napoleon, none of the destruaive bat les of the Seven Years' War cal, be compared. Every campaign . was then produaive