The Sun. — London, England, 1847-07-09 00:00:00

liqd on and had, no doubt, tended greatly to that reduc tion of mortality to which he had referred. It was a Sincere satisfaction to him to be enabled to state also that the measures which had been adopted by the Go vernment had very materially lessened the amount of crime in Ireland; and there was every reason to hope that with the means which had been adopted for the im provement of the population the catalogue of crimes Would be still more sensibly diminished. In his baronies In the county of Clare, no less than 11,000 persons had been employed. Under and in the return which had been OW to, the Government, the number of persons were Made out to be very considerably less. The distribution of Uncooked food had been prohibited by Government, as those to whom it had been given had in some instances devoured it raw. These horrors were being gradually removed by the operations of the Government, and living way to a more healthy and less savage tone of abits in the people. Upon the whole, he thought that th e y might flatter themselves that the very extended operations of the Government had succeeded beyond What might naturally_ have been expected. In the regu lations f or th e establishment of fever hospitals, and the altered system to be pursued in the workhouse, the greatest attention had been bestowed to the relief of those who were in suffering; and he was happy to say that the necessity for these operations were daily de creasing, He hoped that they should be enabled to bring their operations to a close in the harvest Of the present year, and that by that time all call or demand for further interference on the part of the Government would cease. When the system of relief from the public works broke down, they took to the System of affording relief in food, and it had been at tended with the best results. The relief committees had had eighteen months experiment of the plan of affording relief to the poor, and as to the best mode of dispensing relief. The Government had taken care that the repay ments should not press too heavily during the autumn, or there to whom the loans had been made. They did not ilitend to insist upon the immediate repayments of loans blade on the security of the rates. They would, there fore, be simply burdened with the payment of the loans blade last year, and but 27,0001. would have to be repaid in the course of the interval between the summer and the °mining Spring Assizes, namely, grand cess and instal ment, 14;4001., and relief works, 12,5001 They must be prepared to aid those who could not obtain a subsistence labouring at agriculture, and _with this view 50,0001. W 1 voted last year; for the improvement of the r iver hyde, 40,0001. ; and for sea fisheries and piers, 60 ,0001., 620,0001. to the three railway companies, and l s Boo ,ooo/. for the improvement of landed estates ; and e Proposed to take a further vote of 120.0001. for the improvement of liver drainage, and 250,0001 to be placed •at the disposaLof the Board of Works, in addition to the sums already voted, which, with 60,000/. for other pur poses in connexion with these works, would make the amount altogether 430,000/. He did not deny that mis takes had been made by the officers intrusted with the responsibility of dispensing relief, but when we consider the risks to which they were certainly exposed, he thought they had discharged their irksome task as well as could be expected. From his Honourable Friend the Secretary for Ireland down to the clerks of the Beard of Works, the exertions used had been almost superhuman.—(Hear.) Many of the officers had unfor tunately fallen the victims of disease in their anxiety to carry out their duty to the utmost. lie was glad, however, to understand that the appearance of thel crops in Ireland were promising, in some parts they did not look well, and he feared that the potato disease was still spreading its ravages in many quarters ; but the grain crops were, at any rate, promising. A letter received that morning from Mr. Fisher, one of the officers of the public works, stated that the crops in Donegal, Louth, Cavan, and Meath, looked well. He would now state the whole of the expense for the past year, ending with the harvest, and the probable expense up to the Ist of March next. The whole expenditure upon relief works up to August would amount to 4,900,0001. ; for the relief works and for soup kitchens, &e., 2.200,0001. The grants were pro posed to be made one halt as loans, and one half as grants. The absolute expenditure had been 2,560,0001., grants by relief to Sir John Burgoyne'a commission, 1,000,000/. ; Ii ; taff of the board of works, 310,000/. ; advance to the Relief C omm i ss i one r s , 190.0001. estimated loss upon upon the commissariat, 250,0001. ; making '''gether 4 250,000/. The probable expenditure of the sheries, piers,. and drainage, until April, 1848, which ''''Would also be taken as a grant, 130,0001., making alto gether 4 ,380,0001 without any intention of its being re paid—namely, as a grant. The advances to be repaid • out of the rates were 2,500,0001., 1,200,0001 loans to the relief commissioners, and advances to the public works, charged upon the land, 250.0001., making the Whole expenditure, up to March, 9,350,0001.; 3,700,0001. of which would be charged upon the rates. Early in the session he estimated the probable expense fur the relief of the distress, for the year, at 10,000,000/., and US 2,000,0001. had, at that time, been advanced. he pro posed a loan of 8,000,0001., but as the expenditure lead been less than the estimate there was a balance in hand of 650;000/. which he • proposed to reserve for any contingency that might arise. ' 300,0001. had been agreed to be advanced on the fisheries, and he proposed to take a vote of 300,000/ more, making altogether with the balance 1,200,000/. He now proposed to take a vote of 300,0001. on the security of the rates. — The vote was agreed to. The House resumed, and The CHAIRMAN reported progress.—Report to morrow. PUBLIC WORKS AND DRAINAGE BILL. • The House then went into Committee on this Bill, and a resolution exonerating the land and rates of Ireland from the payment of one half of the amount glinted for the relief of, the destitute was agreed to. Sir J. GRAHAM wished to know how the 14,000 Persons now lying in the hospitals of Ireland were to be maintained. He understood that the Act passed on the subject simply provided for the payment of the salaries of the medical officers, and of manacement. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said the expenses would be defrayed out of the rates, which in many parts had been struck, and were in the course of Collection. Mr. B. OSBORNE said the various measures of the Government had demoralised the people of Ireland. So great was the pressure upon the farmers and gentry that he feared they would not get through another year like the last, as in many places rents could not be collected, and the rates were so heavy that they would not in many places. be ableeto ...collect them. He feared that there would be a revolution during the winter. The success Which had attended' the labour of Sir John Burgoyne had far exceeded his (Mr. Osborne's) expectations. Un less the 'Government introduced a Bill to enable parties to sell un encum b er ed estates little permanent good would accrue to Ireland. Mr. L ABOUC HERE denied that the measures of the 'Government had demoralised the people ; in fact, the very contrary had been the result, as it appeared from official authority that the convictions were 1,000 less in June than in May, which was to be attributed to the relief which the Government had afforded to the people. Unless the Government had acted as they had, an abso lute dissolution of society would have been the result. Mr. CALLAGHAN concurred in the opinion which had been expressed as to the able statement made by the Right Hon. Baronet the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Great blame had been, in some quarters, thrown upon the landlords of Ireland for not doing more then they had done to alleviate the distress of the country. The however of property in Ireland were n ot, in his o p inion, 'emever, to blame, for they were , i n the p resent con dition of the country, almost, if not entirely powerless, their lands being, in most cases leased away from them. Lord G. BENTINCK did not think that if the Go vernment were to have to go through the whole p rocess of relieving the people of Ireland again, that they would ad opt the same course they had taken, or that they W oad - consent to expend upwards of 9,000,000/. of public money either in unproductive works, or in the shape of advances, the greater proportion of which was not to be repaid. The only item of the expenditure that was admitted to be really productive was that of 620,0001. for the formation of railways in Ireland. And it was a :strange circumstance, that that single item should be the only one about which an outcry had been got up with respect to the prodigality and uselessness of the grant. Re thought it a great mistake on the part of the Go. vernment that they did not provide food for the people Of Ireland at an earlier period than they had done. Lord J. RUSSELL said, the Noble Lord had not cor rectly understood his Right Hon. Friend, who did not say, that if the calamity occurred over again the Go vernment would take exactly the same steps ; but that, in the main, the Government had no cause to regret the course they had taken. There were two general courses of policy, either of which they might have followed. One was the suggestion made by Hon. Members en that (the Ministerial) side of the House, who said that it was im possible to relieve a famine of such a kind ; that all the efforts of the Government could only aggravate the evil ; and that all sound principles, and a due regard for the - welfare of the people, called upon the Government not to attempt to interfere. The Government did not think it wise or humane to adopt that view. The Noble Lord, on the other hand, called upon the Government to - Undertake the whole duty of feeding the poor, to send men-of-war to the United States, to ransack the whole world for food, and to undertake the support of the people of Ireland. Lord G. BENTINCK disclaimed having called upon the Government " to ransack the whole world for food." Lord J. RUSSELL—The phrase was made use of by an Hon. Member on the Noble Lord's side of the House. The Noble Lord, at all events, called upon the Govern ment to send out men-of-war, and to undertake the im portation of food. The Government thought that was not wise advice, and that, if they had followed it, a less quantity of food would have been imported than by Opening the ports wide and encouraging commerce. — (Hear, hear.) Bnt, taking neither one extreme course nor the other, the Government had endeavoured by their measures to enable the people to supply themselves with the means of existence. The Noble Lord bad again stated that the Government ought rather to have looked to works of public utility than to unproductive employ ment. As to that he (Lord John Russell) did not think that, by such a course, their object would have been answered. If their object had been to lay out money to give a good return and improve generally the condi tion of Ireland, there was much to be said in favour of such a policy, and he would be one of the last persons to argue against such a general principle; but when whole villages and great numbers of the people were in abso lute want, no works of public utility to which they might have had to go a distance of fifteen or twenty miles to labour could have provided them with that immediate food which ought to have been within their reach. No system of railway works, or others of a similar kind, Would, therefore, have remedied the evil with which the Government hal to deal, and he believed that the late Government had come to the same conclusion. He Would now refer to a remark that had been made by the lion- Gentleman the Member for Cork. That Hon. Gentleman had said most truly that he did not make any of his remarks for the sake of . popularity; for bead gitermiaed, notwithitiading the solicitstion of his con. stituents, to retire from Parliament; and that his object, therefore, was not to court favour with them; but the Hon. Gentleman spoke highly of the cultivation of the potato, and said he could not conceive what were the objections to that cultivation, He (Lord J. Russell) conceived that the objections to persons living generally upon potatoes were very obvious and conclusive. In the first place, if they had a people living on high-priced food like wheat, as the food became scarcer and dearer, there were other kinds of food to which they could resort. A man with Bs., 10s., or 12s. a week, although he could nut then buy the same quantity of wheat, could find a substitute for it; but if he were accustomed to have wages so low that he could only buy the lowest priced food, and the food at once disappeared, he would be unable, unless he had a great increase in h is wa g es, which had unfortunately not been the case in the recent calamity, to supply himself with the higher kind of fond, and would be therefore placed in danger of starving. Another great objection to that kind of food was that very ease of cultivation to which the Honour able Gentleman referred—that a small quantity of labour only was required to supply a man sykth a certain quan tity of food, and thereby, instead of a course of conti nuous and patient industry, being contented with an idle and lazy course of life, and his labour being propor tioned to his wants, he became satisfied with that law kind of food, and looked not for comforts, anti what might be called the luxuries of labour in a better con dition of life; and his situation was very much worse than the situation of those who were accustomed to a higher kind of food. Another very obvious objection was, that wheat was a food which could be kept not only for one year, but for a long course of years; and indeed he had seen plants which it was averred were grown from corn found with the mummiesof Egypt.—(A laugh) —whilst the potato was of so very perishable a nature that even in the most successful and fertile years, when September arrived the supply of the former year was altogether gone, and the poo r labourer raustdepend upon the crops of the current year. That made it a very great misfortune to Ireland that the food of the people should have chiefly consisted of the potato, and, great as had been the sacrifice and expense to all classes of the people of making the change, he did hope that, even apart from the sudden disease which bad overtaken that species of plant, all classes in Ireland who had any in fluence with their countrymen—such persons as mem bers of agricultural societies, noblemen, and gentlemen, and their agents, and the principal farmers—would rather induce the people to turn their attention to other kinds of cultivation than to look to the potato as a prin cipal source of food. He would only add that it was his apprehension that if the potatoes were again found to be a flourishing crop, the facilities of cultivation might lead the people to the same kind of distress from which they had at cently suffered so much. Mr. DISRAELI was not one of those who would be forward to criticise very closely the conduct pursued by her Majests 's Government under circumstances of un expected and unprecedented difficulty, for which they had been called upon to legislate. He admitted that they had acted with great ability under circumstances of very great difficulty. But what had occurred since ? They had not pursued that course in an unfaltering spirit. The Government had itself been obliged on more than one occasion to halt and hesitate in the midst of their measures, and even to change the course of their policy, and it was his firm opinion that the mea sure introduced to the House by his Noble Friend the Member for King's Lynn (Lord G. Bentinck), for the promotion of railways in Ireland, would have been pro ductive of far more benefits to the people of that coun try than the course which had been adopted by the Government. They were now near the end of a session during which there had been many discussions on the state of Ireland, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in an elaborate speech, full of details, of which, at the commencement of the session, he had been so very chary, had to-night vindicated the course which Govern. ment had pursued, and satisfied with the absolute wisdom of that course, aid rejecting all the fruits of experience, had informed them that under similar circumstances the Government would follow the same course. But the Noble Lord, in stating the case of the Government with respect to Ireland, said he might have done nothing, or he might have done that which had been proposed by the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn, but that he had taken neither of these two courses. The Noble Lord said he had rejected the policy of doing nothing, but when he told them that he had not been following the policy of the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn, he (Mr. Disrat Ii) begged to remind the House and the country that the only part of the policy of the Government which had been successful was the policy of the Noble Lord the Member for Lynu, and when the Noble Lord oppo site told them that the Government were right in doing nothing, and correct in not doing all that could be done, all he should say in reply was, that he was perfectly content to leave the Government to that golden medio crity of which they seemed so proud. Mr. LABOUCHERE had no wish to protract the dis cussion, but he must say that he could not agree with the Hon. Member for Shrewsbury in thinking that the policy of the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn was the proper policy. Its two main points were an extensive system of railways, and a complete interference with the provi sion trade of Ireland. He still retained his opinion, that if these two courses had been adopted they would have failed in relieving the distress. When the Hon. Gentle man talked of free trade, he ought to know chat it was one thing to apply the principles of it in ordinary cases, and in a crisis like that which had occurred in Ireland. When two millions of people were starving, it would be a fatal error if they were to look into the book of free trade in order to know how to deal with them. But it was another thing to refuse to apply the principles of free trade to cases in which they were perfectly appli cable. If they had undertaken to carry on the provision trade of Ireland by imperting food, he believed that they would, to use an old expression, have been substituting the watering-pot for the shower, and that the result would have been most calamitous. Mt. STAFFORD O'BRIEN was rather surprised to hear the speech of the Right Hon. Gentleman, the Se cretary for Ireland. What did it amount to ? Why that free trade principles were very good in general, but whenever an emergency, or a difficulty, arrived, they must give way to the system of protection,—(Hear, hear.) It had been stated by one of the Members of the Government, that if the Government had to deal again with the same circumstances, which had taken place in Ireland, they would pursue exactly the same course over again.—(Hear, hear.) Now, he would ask, if this was the case, why did they supersede the 9th and 10th of Victoria, by the Soup-kitchen Act, and the other measures which they subsequently brought for ward to remedy the mistakes which they had fallen into.— (Hear, hear.) He would conclude, however, by saying, that he gave the GOvernmen credit for the best intentions in the course they had adopted, tho Ugh he could not approve of it. Mr. POULETT SCROPE rose for the purpose of expressing a strong hope that -if the same calamity should again occur, the question of reproductive works would be more favourably considered than they had been during this session. He was sorry to find that the waste landsmeaeure was not proceeded with, as he believed that it would be found more advantageous than any system of railways. In any case, however, they could not continue the same outlay as they did this year, but must have recourse to some scheme less oppressive to the people of this country, ani more advantageous to those to whom assistance was extended. Sir R. FER }USON said that unless the gentry of [reland worked themselves little 'benefit would result From any expenditure that might be made.—(Hear.) The resolutions were then agreed to. STOCK IN TRADE EXEMPTION BILL. This Bill was read a third time and passed. DRAINAGE OF LANDS (IRELAND) BILL. This Bill was also read a third time and passed. MASTERS IN CHANCERY AFFIDAVIT OFFICE BILL. The report on this Bill was received, and it was or dored to be read a third time tomorrow. BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY BILL. This Bill went through Committee. CONSTABULARY FORCE (IRELAND) BILL. This Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. JOINT STOCK COMPANIES (IRELAND) BILL. This Bill went through Committee, pro forma, and ordered to be re-committed on Monday next. POST OFFICE BILL. The report on this Bill was received. NATURALIZATION OF ALIENS BILL. This Bill went through Committee, and was ordered to be read a third time to•morrow. POOR REMOVAL (No. 2) BILL. Captain FITZROY moved the second reading of this Bill. Sir G. GREY mould oppose the Bill, and hoped the Hon. Member would withdraw it. Captain FLTZROY would not withdraw it, and would press it to a division. After some further remarks, The Flom. GENTLEMA.N' consented to postpone it till, Tuesday neNt. POOR REMOVAL ACT AMENDMENT (No. 2) BILL. This Bill went through Committee. The other orders of the flay were disposed of, and the House adjourned at Ten o'clock. ALLEGED INFANTICIDE. Monday Mr. W. Payne held a protracted inquiry at the infant, St. Olave's Union, S o uthwark, on the body of a female who four teen weeks old, belonging to Anne a Blackmore, nf a , about n to n e t alleged late in mate of St. Johns Union. .The deceasedhave been strangled by it s mother, and a re manded at the Sout hwark Police-court, on the previous was day on the abov e char g e. It, however,appeared from the evidence of a host of witnesses, that the woman, Blackmore, who was unmarried, though she frequently represented herself as being a married woman, was living in the neighbourhood of Tooley-street, and on Monday last she took her little one with her, calling at various public houses, and drinking to an enormous extent. At ten o'clock that evening she went into the Bull public house, Tooley-street, with deceased in her arms, and she had previously fallen down with the child on the stones, thus causing a fracture of the skull to the infant, which produced concussion of the brain, and resulted in death. The prisoner was now in a beastly state of drunkenness, and on some one taking the child from her arms it was found to be dead. Mr. Leader, the house surgeon of St. Olave's, proved that the injury to deceased might have arisen from such a fall as described, and the jury, after much more testimony, returned a verdict of " Accidental death." THE LIBERTY Or THE PRESS IN FRANCE.—The Independant de r Ouest, a Legitimatist journal published at Laval, has been prosecuted for having published a fragment of a letter of Junius, written i September, 1771, and addressed to George 111., King of England, together with an extract of a speech delivered by Mr. Windham in the English Parliament. The accusations of avarice, egotism, ambition, and corruption contained in those fragments have been considered by the law Officers of the Crow.o as att offetwo agahst the person of • the King of the French? , THE STIN, LONDON, FRIDAY NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH, JULY B.—The Conway, 26, Captain W. Kelly, which arrived here yesterday from the Cape sta. Lion, was inspected to-day by the Commander-in-Chief, Admiral Sir C. Ogle, Bart., and came into the harbour this evening to be dismantled and paid off. The Palinurus transport, Lieutenant William Thoma., agent, arrived last evening with invalids, and returned stores on board from the Pacific. The Odin steam• frigate, Captain Hon. Frederick Thomas Pelham, was removed from dock into the basin last evening. The Helena, 16, Commander Sir Cornwallis Ricketts, Bart. (Captain), arrived to-day from the African station. Admiral Sir Charles Ogle having been out in the Myrtle steamer to inspect the Conway, and seeing the Helena coming up from the westward, proceeded towards her, met and boarded her in Stokes Bay, and came to Spit head in her. Orders have been received for her to come into this harbour to be paid off: The crew of the Royal yacht have been paid wages to day at the dockyard, supposed to be preparatory to her proceeding to Woolwich to attend on her Majesty. The Lily, 16, Commander Newton, will be ready for paying off to-morrow if her books are ready. The following ships have served the usual period of commission (three years); many have exceeded that term, and are on their way borne to be paid off or are ordered to return as soon as relieved:— LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, July 8. (Sittings at Nisi Prins, Guildhall, before Lord Chief Justice DENMAN and a Special Jury.) FISHER V. THE ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE COMPANY. Mr. Watson, Q C. (with whom were Mr. Phinn and Mr. Rew), appeared fur the plaintiff, who declared on two time policies, one from the Bth of June, 1842, for 12 months, and the other from the Bth of June, 1843, for 12 months, by each of which a vessel called the Mary. Mal laby was assured at a sum of 3,0001. On the first po licy the demand was for an average loss, and on the se- cond for a total loss. The vessel was commanded by the plaintiff, who was the owner, and sailed from the Mauritius to trade in the Persian Gulf, and part of the cargo was insured as specie to a considerable amount to certain underwriters in India. When the vessel was in the Indian Sea, and on the sth of June, 1843, a storm came on, and she suffered considerable damage. On the 25th of June, however, she arrived at Muscat, and was re paired. On the 14th of July the plaintiff sailed from Muscat for Bunder-Abbas, in the Persian Gulf; and while between the island of Ormuz and Builder- Abbas, was overtaken by another storm, by which the vessel was eventually driven ashore, and sustained fur ther damage. This induced the plaintiff to abandon her. As soon as the vessel had struck, two boxes containing the insured specie were brought up from a part of the ship called the lazaret, and placed in a spot convenient for removal. By the next morning thetwo boxes had dis appeared, and had, it was stated by the plaintiff, been stolen by Arab wreckers. Actions for the amount bad been commenced against the underwriters in India, Evidence was then given, chiefly documentary, in sup port of the plaintiff's case. Sir F. Thesiger, Mr. Martin, Q.C., Sir John Bayley, and Mr. Bovill appeared for the defendants, who had pleaded that they had not broken their covenants. The Learned Counsel then opened a defence, which in substance amounted to a charge that the Mary Mallaby had been unnecessarily and fraudulently abandoned for the purpose of obtaining the amount of the insurance on her and the specie; that the vessel had not any specie on board; for two boxes, believed by one of the crew to be the same as those placed in the Mary Mallaby as con taining specie, had been found in the Persian Gulf, near a lost anchor of the Mary Mallaby; and on being opened on board her Majesty's ship Clio, were found to contain only the metallic dross of the island of. Ormuz. The Learned Counsel then stated that the Mary Mallaby, having beers sold for 240/, was' repaired at Muscat, and afterwards put to sea ; and though eventually lost at Madagascar, bad proved seaworthy for 25 days, which would have sufficed to take her to Bombay. If the vessel had been taken to Bombay, it might have under gone a thorough repair at that place ; but the plaintiff had refused the offer which had been made to him by Commodore Porter, of her Majesty's ship Euphrates, to get her off the beach, saying that he would sell her for the benefit of the underwriters. The boxes were produced in Court, and were found to contain stones of great weight, of the colour of copper. Commodore Porter and Lieutenant Foullerton were also examined in support of the defendant's case; and, after the reading of an immense mass of documentary evidence, which protracted the trial to a late hour, Lord DENMAN summed up the evidence, and The jury gave a verdict for the plaintiff. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, July 8. Sergeant (Sittings at Nisi Prius, Guildhall, before the LORD CHIEF JUSTICE and a Special Jury.) EnLtLV Wilk i nsß RAD ( R w U i tRhYwAhNoDmAwNeOrTe Mr. ANOTHER. Mr. Sr P Huddle ston and Mr. H. Hill) conducted the case for the plain tiff ; and the Attorney-General (with Mr. Wells) ap peared for the defendants. The plaintiff had been engaged as one of the sub editors of the Daily News newspaper for two years, from December 20, 1845, at a salary of 15/ a week ; and the present action was brought against the defen dants as representing the proprietors of that paper, to recover damages for the dismissal of the plaintiff from the establishment, without any reasonable cause, before the expiration of the period for which he was so en- gaged. The defendants had pleaded—first, a denial that they made the contract ; secondly, a denial that the plaintiff was dismissed without reason able cause ; and, lastly, a plea of justification f'or the dismissal, on the ground that the plaintiff, whilst sub -editor, bad, at the request of one William Alfred Wearing, who was also employed on the Daily News, written to the correspondent of the paper at Bris tol for a report of the proceedings in the Bankrupt Court there in the m atter of one William Henry Smith, a bankrupt, the plaintiff at the time well knowing that a personal hostility existed between Wearing and Smith. The plea then stated that a report of the proceedings was sent up from Bristol, and also that Smith wrote a letter to the proprietors of the Daily News,stating that Wear ing had boasted lie would publish an account of Smith's difficulties, and asking the proprietors not to allow the newspaper to be used for such an object. The plea fur ther stated that the plaintiff delivered this letter with the report to Wearing, and permitted him to take away the letter and prevent its coming to the knowledge of the proprietors, and in abuse of his employment suffered a garbled and unfair abridgment of the report, prepared by Wearing, to be inserted in the paper. It appeared that Mr. Wearing, who was engaged on the paper to re vise under the sub-editor, was personally hostile to Mr. Smith, the party examined in the Bristol Bankrupt Court, and that the plaintiff had, at the request of Wear ing, written to the correspondent of the Daily News at Bristol, requesting his attendance at the Court there' when the proceedings in the matter of Smith should come on, and to send up a fair report of such proceedings. The report was accordingly sent up on the 4th of August, 1846. On the same day Smith wrote a letter addressed to the proprietor of the Daily News, of which the follow is a copy : " I have discovered that Mr. W. A. Wearing, the person whose name is disreputably associated with the accompanying memorial, addressed the editors of the several Bristol newspapers for the purpose of inducing them to report the proceedings in my case, which was brought before the Court of Bankruptcy on Monday. He has also boasted that, as editor of the Daily News, he will publish in extenso the account of my pecuniary difficulties, not only in the Daily News, but in other London papers with which he has influence. I feel confident that you will not, by your permission, assist a private and vindictive object by unreasonably and unne cessarily giving publicity to proceedings which took place in a district court - of bankruptcy, and which, involving no point of public interest or justice, can have no other effect than that of adding additional pain and injury to a man who has long suffered from the unfor tunate position in whi c h p ersec ution and unavoidable circumstances have placed him." On the other side of the paper which contained this letter was a printed memorial by Smith to the benchers of the Hon. Society of Lincoln's I nn , reflecting on the charac ter of Mr. Wearing. The Benchers, however, had sub sequently dismissed this memorial, and called Mr. Wearing to the bar. The plaintiff as sub-editor opened this letter, and handed it over, toge t her with the r e p or t , to be abridged, to Wearin g , who afterw ards took away the letter. The report as abridged was inserted in the Daily News, and seemed to have been fairly abridged, omitting nothing in favour of Smith, with the exception of so much as had reference to Wearing himself, being that part in which the bankrupt complained of the con duct of his detaining creditor, Wearing. Mr. John Dickens wa „ xam aied, and proved the agreement, and Messrs. Hodgkin, Soutar, M‘Diarmid, Bryne, Griffin, Moran, Morgan, Serle, Beard, and Black, described the duties and authorities of sub-editor. In their opinion, on his becoming aware of the examination of the bank rupt at Bristol, if he considered it an important matter, it was his duty to write to the correspondent at Bristol for a report. A sub-editor had authority to open all t an c ommunications, whether were a ddressed to the proprietors or not, be being,his office, the representa tive of the proprietors. They did not consider it the' duty of Mr. Powell to have forward de the of letters in ome the wit question to the defendants, although s nesses thought they should have done so. Mr. John Gover Powell, the Bristol correspondent of t a t s hear amination the Times, stated that he was prese an ent e ort u of Smith, on the 4th August last.P p n News was much to his paper. The report in the asal condensed, but he did not c onsider it garbled. There were matters making against the bank ru p t, and also cir cumstances in his favour, which were omitted. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL contended that the plaintiff ought not, in common prudence and honour, to have banded this report and letter to Wearing, whom he knew was peraonally the hostile creditor of Smith, and that after the proprietors becanr acquainted with this, they had no other course 4o pursfor if it becameue than tha known that thet-of dismissing the plaintiff as they did; per might be used as m eans of gratifying personal malice, it would be highly injurious to its character. He then called the following witneases:— Mr. George Powell, the correspondent of the Daily News, at Bristol, who sent up the report in question, was examined, and stated that he received a letter from Mr. Powell, requesting him to attend to the examination of Mr. Smith, w hi c h it termed " a case of some impor tance, in which a gentleman in our establishment is concerned," and concludedby requesting a fair re port of the proceedi n g s y to the day of hear ing he received another le .. tter, remindi ng hi m o f the subject, and he attended, and sent up his report. Mr. Dilk, the man ager of the Daily News, proved that he investigated the matter. lie had an interview with Mr. Powell an d gr., Wearing, in the presence of the editor, in his room. Witness asked the plaintiff if he knew of a feeling o f hostility between Wearing and Smith, and he acknowledged he did. He said he had written for the report. Witness then asked the plaintiff it he had received any letter from Smith? Mr. 'Wearing answered the question. He said there was no letter re ceived, there was a printed statement. Witness appealed to Powell, and he said there was a letter ; he had given it to Wearing, and Wearing acknowledged that he had taken it home, and went and fetched it. Cross-examined —When he was appointed manager, his instructions were not to reduce the expenditure. His opinion was, that at first he rather increased it; but it was subsequently reduced, particularly by publishing a single sheet. He did not know Count D'Oraay was ever a contributor. Mr. Fonblanque, Mr. Fox, Mr. Scott Russell, and gr. Costello had contributed much; they had now retired. Mr. Wills had aucceeded Mr. Powell at a less salary. There was a gentleman named Elliott on the Express. He was a brother-in-law of Mr. Smi‘h's. Mr. John Foster, the editor, gave similar testimony to that given by the last witness, as to the investigation. Mr. Sergeant WaLEINS having made a very eloquent speech in reply. His LORDSHIP summed up the evidence to the jury, saying, the question was in what respect the plaintiff had fail4l in the discharge of his duty as sub-editor. The proprietors considered that the sub-editor ought to see that nothing was done calculated to r e fl ec t on the 0116 ' ratter of the paper. No complai n t zsde - t he the - letter had been opened by the plaintiff, but that he had suffered it to be taken away so as to prevent its coming to the knowledge of the proprietors. The question as to whether the plaintiff had so acted improperly was for the jury to determine. They were to consider whether it was not a report of a case -which would not have been published unless it had interested some person connected with the paper. Supposing it should be considered one fit for publication, theri was the report a garbled and unfair report? His Lordship said that it did not appear to him to be an unfair account of the proceedings as abridged. The jury were directed to say whether, in the language of the second plea, there was reasonable cause for dismissing the plaintiff, and whether, in the language of the third plea, the matters therein alleged had beensubstantially proved. His Lordship also wished the jury to say whether in their opinion the report as published was a garbled one or not, in order to assist the Court in case of its being necessary to go before it here after on the pleadings. With respect to the damages, the plaintiff was entitled to be indemnified for his loss if the defendants had not made out a reasonable ground for the dismissal. The jury having retired foe. an hour and twenty-five minutes, returned a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages, 5001., and stated that they found the report was not a garbled report. OTAHEITE, ETC. The following are papers relating to Otaheite, and to the Leeward, or Society Islands, in the Pacific (just presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of her Majesty):— VISCOUNT PALMERSTON TO COUNT ST. AULAIRE. Foreign-office, Jan. 20. M. l'Ambassadeur,—With reference to the verbal communications which I have had with your Excellency upon the affairs of Otaheite, I have the honour to state to your Excellency that I have received from almost every part of Great Britain the most numerous and earnest representations, requesting her Majesty's Go vernment to obtain from that of France permission that such of the people of Otaheite as may wish to withdraw from the island and to remove and settle elsewhere may do so without molestation - carrying with them of course any moveable property which they may possess, or being allowed to dispose of chat or any other property which they may have in the island, if they wish to do so, Her Majesty's Government cannot imagine that the Government of France can have any objection to con sent to this request, a compliance with which will afford very great satisfaction to a large portion of the British nation, while, at the same time, it would probably put an end to local differences and contests which must be more or less embarrassing to the Government of France. It will afford her Majesty's Government great plea sure if your Excellency can enable me to state to the memorialists that the above-mentioned permission will be granted by the French Government to the people of Otaheite.—l am, &c., (Signed) PALMERSTON. COUNT ST. AULAIRE TO VISCOUNT PALMERSTON. (Translation.) London, Feb. 1. The undersigned, &c., has received the note which his Excellency Viscount Palmerston, &c., addressed to him on the 20th of January last, and in which he expressed a desire to learn whether such of the inhabitants of Otaheite as might wish to quit that island, in ordtr to establish themselves elsewhere, would be allowed to depart therefrom without opposition on the part of the local authorities. The undersigned is enabled to announce to his Excel lency Viscount Palmerston, that as long ago as the 2d of December last, the Minister of the Marine and Colo nies wrote to the Governor of the French establishments of Oceania, instructing him to offer no obstacle to the emigration to the islands of the north-west of such of the natives of Otaheite as might desire to depart from that island, with the view of withdrawing from the au:hority of the Protectorate. The undersigned therefore congratulates himself on having to communicate to his Excellency Lord Palmer ston a decision which will be satisfactory to him, and in which his Excellency will se e a new p roof of the mode ration and of the spirit of conciliation which the Govern ment of the King will always manifest in its relations with the natives of Otaheite.—He avails, &c., (Signed) ST. AULAIRE. DECLARATION OF THE PLENIPOTENTIARIES OF GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE, ACKNOWLEDGING THE INDE PENDENCE OF THE ISLANDS OF HUAHINE, RAIATEA, BORABORA, AND OF THE SMALL ISLANDS ADJACENT THERETO. Her Mujesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irt land, and his Majesty the King of the French, being desirous of removing a cause of dis cussion between their respective Governments, relative to the islands in the Pacific Ocean which are hereinafter designated, have thought proper reciprocally to engage: 1. Formally to acknowledge the independence of the Islands of Huahine, Raiatea, and Borabora (to the lee ward of Otaheite), and of the small islands adjacent to and dependent upon those islands. 2. Never to take possession of the said islands, nor of any one or more of them, either absolutely, or under the title of a protectorate, or in any other form whatever. 3. Never to acknowledge that a chief or prince reign ing in Otaheite can at the same time reign in any one or more of the other islands abovementioned; nor, on the other hand, that a chief or prince reigning in any one or mere of those other islands can reign at the same time in OtaheitO ; the reciprocal independence of the islands abovementioned, and of the island of Otaheite and its dependencies, being established as a principle. The undersigned, her Britannic Majesty's principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and the Minister Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the King of the French at the Court of London, being furnished . with the neces sary powers, hereby declare, in consequence, that their said M ijcsties take reciprocally that engagement. In witness whereof the undersigned have signed the present declaration, and have affixed thereto the seals their arms. Done in duplicate at London, the nineteenth day o June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun. dred and forty-seven. (L.S.) PALMERSTON, (L.S. JARNAC. TIIE HERRING TRADE.—THURSO, JULY I.—We have little or nothing to report in the herring trade for the past fortnight. The quantity of fish in the bay, of which there were some good appearances a week or two ago, have disappeared. The fishermen are still prose. cuting the fishing, but without much success. The few they are getting are either sold in the town or used as bait for cod. Of the latter the fishermen are some days getting fair quantities, as many as 100 per boat. From Wick, we learn that on Thursday morning two boats had fourteen trans of herrings betwixt them—one had ten and the other four crans.---Caithness Chronicle. JENNY LIND.—The prevailing enthusiasm regard ing the Sweedish nightingale has already begun to mani fest itself in this quarter. We are informed that from one town in the neighbourhood application has been made for no less than 200 guinea tickets of admission to the Music-hall on the night of her performance• here, and from various other quarters the demand has been nearly as great. In Manchester tickets for Mdlle. Lind's performances there have been selling at from half a guinea to a guinea and a half ; and will doubtless in crease in value as it draws nearer the time of her ap pearance.—Zieetsman. IMPORTS or GRAlN.—During the week beginning on Thursday, June 25, and ending Thursday, July 1, no less than 25,362 quarters of grain were imported into Leith. We alluded to this large importation in our last, but from want of room were then unable to give parti culars. Ot this quantity, there were 4,6821 quarters of wheat, 3,892 quarters of barley, 16,2174 quarters of oats, and 570 i of pease. The following are the vessels by which these large supplies arrived : Anna, 546 quarters wheat ; Mary, 635 ditto ; Rebecca, 920 ditto ; Wihelmine, 270 ditto ; John and Jean, 367 ditto ; Posie"ton, 411 ditto ; De Jonge Klass, 307 ditto ; Lady Duff, 740 ditto ; De Vrow, Antje, 486 ditto. Victoria, 875 barley ; Scotch Lassie, 974 ditto ; Arab. 755 ditto ; Wanderer. 1,020 ditto ; Sylph, 101 ditto; Wilhelmine, 167 ditto. Hesperus, 1,500 oats; Five Sodskencle ' 518 ditto ; Stirlingshire, 1, 400 dit to ; Elizabeth and Mary, 700 ditto ; Robert Nicol, 1.661 ditto ; Minerva, 270 ditto ; Friendsbury, 5751 ditto ; Helens 1,300 ditto ; Wanderer, 250 ditto ; Ce nturion, 1,800 ditto ; Margaret Scott, 1,312 ditto ; Edward, 1,177 ditto ; Sylph, 1,000 ditto ; John Black, 1,670 ditto ; Wilhelmine, 84 ditto ; Dart, 1,000 ditto. Surlingshire, 280 pease ; Victoria, 14 ditto ; Minerva, 541 ditto ; Friendsbury, 16 ditto ; John and Jean, 145 ditto ; Conside (s), 61 do. There have also arrived 70 tons Norwegian potatoes by the Phcenix from Drontheim. There have also been considerable arrivals of grain, &c., into other ports in the Firth, and on the east coast, chiefly from Riga.—Scotsman. FEARFUL OCCURRENCE IN LONG-ACRE.--Yester day morning, between eleven -and twelve o'clock, a•most fearful accident occurred at the corner of Enclell-street, Long-acre, by which four persons had a very narrow escape of their lives, and, as it is, one of the individuals has sustained such serious injuries as to render his re covery extremely dubious. It seems that at the above period a number of workmen were employed in pulling down the old wall of a building, when the foundation suddenly gave way, and four of the labourers being at the time beneath, were completely buried under the bricks and rubbish. Owing to the active assistance afforded, three of the poor fellows, namely, Murphy, Jones, and Johnson, were soon extricated, but not before they had each received considerable injuries, though happily not such as to cause any serious apprehensions. It is, however, to be regretted that Timothy Sullivan. aged 25. was removed in a horribly mutilated state. On being taken to the Charing cross Hospital, he was placed under Mr. Young, the resident medical officer, who dis covered that he had sustained a fracture of the right clavicle, a dislocation of t he collar bone, a compound fracture of the left leg , and other d an g erous wounds. 11 remains in a most distressing condition. We state, from undoubted authority, that Illi e r. ou C r . t Carus Wilson has abandoned his long suit, of Exchequer, wherein he claimed 300/. as da n nl o ; li g e el fr t r is Mr. J. Kandish, governor of the pubp me g: " island, for false imprisonment. — A person reading in a newsjp e seer that the Bishop a 3 l i cens e to the floating r i of London had refuse d to g rant chapel on the river Tharnesh,.cr„is'erdeic.nustsr;thfnart,!ieswayass nhoet, at all surprised at his Lordsini P his see." " the chapel does not float rrioN.—Yesterday evening HOSPITAL FOR CoNSUoArIs was held in the hospital, at a special court of govern Bronipton, for the purpose of taking into consideration the following resolution of the committee of manage ment:—That in grateful acknowledgement of the into rneisvterasoadrysupp?rt received by the charity, at the late an festival, the committee were of opinion that the benefits of the institution should be immediately extended to a larger number of patients. Richard P. Cotton, Esq , M.D., in the chair. The resolution was carried unani mously; and some other bp.*Rgss bavipg beau disposed moan separatqd: • • • f r. u. , EAST INDIA STATION. The Agincourt, 72, Captain Johnstone, flag of Rear- Admiral Sir Thomas Cochrane, Commander-in-Chief; having been relieved by the Vernon, 50, Captain Fitzge rald, flag of Rear- Admiral Inglefield. The Fox, 42, Commodore Sir Henry Blackwood. The Castor, 36, Captain Graham. The Iris, 26, Captain Mundy. ' The Pilot, 16, Commander Wilson. ,The Wolf, 16, Commander Vansittart. The Spiteful steam-sloop, Commander Sir W. Hoste, Bart. MEDITERRANEAN. The Albion, 90, Captain Freemantle. The America, 50, Captain Sir T. Maitland. The Flamer, steam-sloop, Lieutenant-Commander Lavie. The Hecla, steam-sloop, Commander Starmer. Tha Virago, steam-sloop, Commander Lnnn. PACIFIC STATION. • _ The Collingwood, 80, Captain Smart, flag of Rear. Admiral Sir George Seymour, Commander-in-Chief. TtretFisgard, 42, Captain Duntze. The Modeste, 18, Captain Watkins. Th l e Cormorant, steam-sloop, Commander Seymour. THE BRAZILS. The Curacoa, 24, Captain Broughton. The Racer, 16, Commander Reed. The Satellite, 16, Commander Rowley. THE WEST INDIES. The Hermes, steam-sloop, Commander Carr. COAST OF AFRICA. The Prometheus, steam-sloop, Commander Hay. The Sealark, 6, Acting-Commander Whyte. COAST OF IRELAND. The Comet, steam-sloop, Lieutenant-Commander Johnstone. The Stromboli, steam-sloop, Commander Fisher. WORKS OF NAVIGATION IN IRELAND CONNECTED WITH DRAINGE. (Presented by Command of her Majesty.) AN ESTIMATE of the further Sum proposed to be voted in the Year 1847, to defray One Moiety of the Cost of executing certain Works of Navigation in Ireland connected with Drainage. Five Thousand Five Hundred Pounds. Sum proposed to be applied by way of Grant for the Improvement of the Navigation of the River Hind, in the County of Roscomtnon, Ireland, under the provisions of an Act of the last Session of Parliament (9th of Victoria, cap. 4, section 33), intituled "An Act to amend the Acts for promoting the Drainage of Lands and Improvement of Na vigation and Water Power in connexion with such Drainage in Ireland, and to afford facilities for increased Employment for the Labouring Classes in Works of Drainage"... £5,500 An Estimate of £33,000 for Works of Navigation in Inland connected with Drainage appears in the Seventh Class, No. 3. J. PARKER. Whitehall, Treasury Chambers, June 22 1847. THE TUNNEL OVER THE MENAI STRAITS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. RESPECTED FRIEND,—I regret I was not in time to get an, opportunity of bringing my several subjects before the Association in that form which appeared to me ad visable ; I, therefore, preferred to leave it to a future opportunity. I was much interested in hearing, at the Mechanical Section, the description of Clarke and Var ley's atmospheric tube, which I think is the most effec tive plan of the kind I have yet seen. I was permitted to exhibit my machine for proving the strain on beams, bridges, &c., in the society's model room, where it was seen by many of the professors, &c., and its simplicity and accuracy was admitted by all. By a professor of this section I was informed some of the particulars of the proposed iron tunnel, or tube, for conveying a railway over the Menai Straits ; and though I was very much surprised at the boldness of constructing cast-iron beams, or girders, 100 ft. long, and less than 4 ft. deep, ,I way still more astonished to hear of the amazing boldness of constructing a tunnel, or tube, of such magnitude, with such comparatively slight materials. According to my informant, its length is to be 460 ft., clear of the points of bearing—so that I presume the entire length cannot be far short of 470 ft., its diameter 30 ft., to be con structed with wrought-iron plates, varying from in. to 1 in. thick—therefore, supposing the average thick ness to be -11, and including the needful powerful ribs and stays to resist the vertical and hteral pressures and strains, together with the interior framing and rails, I estimate its weight at upwards of 30 cwt. for every foot of its length, or about 700 tons. Now the depth of the tube is 30 ft., which is about 1-15th part of its length ; therefore, according to my machine, the strain by its own weight at the middle will be equal to 71 times its weight—viz., 5,250 tons ; and suppose a train, with the engine anload, to be 100 tons, equal to 750 tons—together 6,000 tons. According to Barlow's theory, the safe capacity to resist such a strain ought to be equal to 18,000 tons, and to Tredgold's, 24,000 tons. Now let us see what is the capacity of this projected tunnel, or tube: — The circumference is (say) 90 ft. ; the tension pro perty in the lower half, 45 ft. Suppose the plates average 5-Bths of an inch thick, it would give 71 square inches on each foot ; say than each inch would sustain, before breaking, 20 tons, this would make 150 tons to each foot, which, multiplied by 45, gives a capacity of 6,750 tons —so that its own weight. and the load, would, according to this calculation, produce a strain nearly equal to the breaking point. Now, as wrought-iron will begin to stretch at the strain of 10 or 12 tons to the inch, it must be manifest that little more than half its weight would produce a permanent set, and render it perfectly unfit and unsafe for the desired object. It this projected tunnel, or tube, is actually in progress of construction, or is seriously intended to be made, I cannot but think it would he advisable for the parties concerted to have the matter or subject investigated, so as to prevent the probability of incurring great pecuniary loss, as well as to guard against the posibility of a great sacrifice of human life. The foregoing calculation Is upon the assumption that the entire support is intended to be derived from the tension of the wrought-iron plates ; and I do not see on what else they can depend, unless it may be intended to suspend the tube from towers of masonry. In that case, I cannot but consider it a most expensive mode for obtaining the object—far greater than the system of triangular bracing, or straight suspending bars. T. MOTLEY, C.E. Oxford, 7 mo., 1. THE SPANISH EXILES. The following letter has been addressed by Genera' Yriarte, one of the most distinguished followers of Es. partero, to Lord Palmerston :—_ " London, July 1, 184 "My Lord,—l have just received the command of my august Sovereign, Queen Isabella, to return to my coun try, after three years of emigration, and to resume my rank of General in the Spanish army. " During my residence in this hospitable country I have received the most marked kindness from the English people as well as sfrom the English Govern ment, and in fulfilment of the most sacred duty of man, which is to prove himself grateful, I have the honour and the high satisfaction of thus offering the tribute of my earnest thanks, with every assurance of eternal gra titude. " With these feelings I once more beg your Excellency will be pleased to accept my thanks, together with the assurance of my-high consideration, and I remain "Your Excellency's.Tery obedient humble servant, " MARTIN JOSE YRIARTE." A NEW COMET. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TINES. have received this morning a letter from M. Mauvais, of the Royal Observatory at Paris, stating that he discovered a comet near the Pole on the night of the 4th of July. The approximate position was— July 4, at 13h. 36m. ss. M.T. R.A. 22h. Bm. 13s. North Decl. 80 deg, 26 min In 34 minutes, the R.A. diminished 18 seconds, and the declination increased 1 min. 28 sec.—Yours_ very ..... .. respectfully, --- ully, J. R. HIND. Mr. Bishop's Observatory, Regent's-park, July 8. BONDING PRIVILEGES.—The Lords of the Trea sury having been pleased by their order, just issued, to consitute Wigtown, in the port of Dumfries, a separate port, on the supernumerary class, the Commissioners of the Customs have directed that the privilege granted by their Lordships should take effect at Wigtown, as au indep , mdelat port, on the 6th of July instant, of which the officers of the revenue there, and throughout the kingdom, have been apprised for their future government in the matter. The Lords of the Treasury having also been pleased to approve of the port of (.}week being reduced to a creek within the port of Falmouth, orders have been issued by the revenue authorities for that arrangement, also to take effect from and after the sth instant. TOM THUMB AND HIS LADY LOVE.—" The wee est little man that ever was," as the children say, is now in our city, ".trutting his little hour upon the stage," and pocketing lots of small coin, to increase the " sum; fortune" which he began to make in America, and which he so much extended in foreign parts. If report speaks true, General Tom Thumb has meditated much upon the common lot of humanity, and following other illus trious examples, has " wooed a little maid," who has agreed to " wed, wed, wed," and in a short time they are to be married. She is in her 16th y ear, w e i ghs and is 30 i i .r itc sootos hes high.. The woripiThe ullitecl weight of -ttlyeob.u, EVVNING, JULY 9, 1847. FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE I LAW of SETTLEMENT and RATING. PETERBORO' AND ELY RAILWAY. I That a vast amount of legalised injustice is inflicted PETERBOROUGH; THURSDAY.—An accident of a very f on the industrial portion of British Society, by the pre serious char a cter, terpairating fatally to one person, and ‘ sent Law of Settlement . and Rating, for the relief of the with injury we understand to one or t wo other-, hap- necessitous poor, must, we think, be apparent to every penei k arly this morning, on the above l'ne of railway, one from statements we have already advanced, showing near the " Hundred Feet" bridge, twenty-two miles so clearly the huge disproportion between the amount distant by the 6.10. express train running off the rails. levied on property in one: locality, for the maintenance The train consisted, on leaving the station, of two pas- of the poor, and that which is levied in another for this stinger carriages, a first and second class, a break van, object. tender and engine, driven by a steady and experienced Could it be shown that. the. inhabitants of r those thaaeny driver, named Staples. In all these were about twelve d i s tricts p eculiarl y burdened with the relief and main passengers, two or three being picked up at intermediate tecanc e of the indi g ent p oor of the land, whether en stations, up to Manes station, where it arrived at its gaged i n a g riculture, manufactures, minin g , o fixed time, 57 minutes past six o'clock. othe r industrial p ursuit, were exclusively, or, even p rin- After a brief delay it restarted, and proceeded with cipally , bene fited b y the labour so directed, why every apparent steadiness until it arrived about 100 there might be some show of- justice, at least, in compel yards on the Ely side of the above bridge (the Hundred ling a provision to be made by the property of such Feet), where there is a descending gradient of lin 250. districts exclusively for the support of the aged, the It had not gone down the incline many yards before the maimed, the imbecile, the destitute, the orphan, and the engine was thrown off the rails, and was, with the tender, widow residing among them. hurled completely round, and then fell down an embank- But such it is well known is not the ease. The labour ment to the edge of a waterway, which runs for some of the country—whether employed by sea or land— distance along that portion of the lase. Fortunately whether engaged in agriculture, in manufactures, or how the carriages broke away from the tender, and brought else, is a mighty portion of the general property of the up a few feet from the spot, owing to the wheels being country : is that, indeed, which gives value to all the embedded or fixed in the gravel of the permanent way, rest ; and exerted in any way, eventually confers e. the rails being torn up or displaced by the engine. benefit upon all, whether situated proximately or re- How the passengers escaped seems very remarkable; motely from its own immediate sphere of action. yet the writer is assured that all were unhurt save a few The labourer then, we say, in the outset, ought to be trifling bruises on one or two of them. The stoker was well taken care of; his wants ought to be sufficiently found apparently much hurt, while the engine-driver provided for; and the widest field possible opened to was discovered crushed on the rails by the break iron, him, in which to exert his skill and industry; first for quite dead. The poor fellow's death must have been in- his own benefit and that of his family, and next, for that stantaneous, as that portion of his body on which the .if society in general. Should disease, however, or iron rested was nearly flattened. accident, or any of those other casualties to which his A young man engaged in the telegraph office of the station in life so peculiarly renders him liable, overtake company is described by an eye-witness to have been him, he ought to be legally entitled to prompt and sufli badly bruised. _ cleat reli e f, on t h e spot w h ere hi s necess i t i es ar i se , fr o m The necessary signals were place d t o sto p the u p and funds levied CM the property of the. nation at large for down trains, and the company's principal o ffi cers were that speci fi c p ur p ose . immediately telegraphed for. On their arrival a strict The t. Law of Settlement," then, by restraining the inquiry was entered upon as to the cause of the accident, spirit of enterprise and free exertion, on the part of and on examining the rails, one was found fractured in the labourer, condemns him to a species of serfdom three places. Whether these arose from the sinking of - which is alike debasing to his mind:and-injurious to hia the soil or permanent way, which, it should be observed, circumstances—whilst the system of Parochial Assess passes over the treacherous fens in this part of the ment, ostensibly established -for -his benefit,.is made to country, or from the metal being defective, is difficult work—through the temptation it. presents to the great to ascertain. territorial proprietary of the country. to promote their , The engine is one of the small four-wheelers used by own selfish objects by ejecting him froth their estates, the company, made by Braithwaite, marked No. 7, and or preventing his residence thereon—injury alike to him was considered a very steady and safe traveller. and the holders and occupiers of property in other parts It is thought that a slight subsidence or unevenness in of the country, - the road would naturally give the engine more or less We have, in two recent numbers of our publication, a bumping movement, and that coming upon a defec- Thown how extensively this principle is at work, and tive rail, would be likely to fracture it in the way the has been for a number of years, in certain parishes and one in question is. townships in the northern part of the country, and shall now proceed to furnish our readers with a few more instances. This we do from a conviction _that no por tion of our domestic policy requires a more thorough and speedy reform than the laws relating to " Paro chial Settlement" and " Assessment for the Relief of the Poor." The first .parish, or lordship, for we scarcely know how to distinguish it in this respect by name, to which we beg leave to draw attention, is Rufford ; the seat of the Earl of Scarborough, the Lord-Lieutenant of the county. This lordship comprises nearly 10,000 acres of land— a princely mansion, which has in ancient times enter tained royalty itself—and about 80 dwellings, principally good farm-steads, with a few cottages. The whole pro perty of this magnificent lordship, including the Abbey and its appurtenances, along with the farm-houses and 9,820 acres of land, contributed to the fund legally esta blished for the relief of destitution in this country. on the average of six years, 1835 to 1840 inclusive, 2231. per annum. There is not on this vast property either church, school, or public-house. But though there are no public facilities for religious, intellectual, or social improvement. or enjoyment, there is a fruitful source of social evil -Ind moral depravity, existing in every part of it, in the shape of a game preserve, which cannot but prove of the most injurious nature both to the occupiers of the land and the peasantry of the adjoining hamlets. We have heard it stated, on what we cannot but deem satis factory authority, that the destruction of grain on this estate by the game amounts to, at least. 500 quarters an nually; and that the damage done to the green crops by the hares and rabbits is fully equal in value to that of the grain consumed ; for which loss and damage the te nancy receive no compensation whatever. We heartily wish that it was in our power to ascer tain with any dgree of accuracy, what expense this mighty game preserve has entailed on the county during he last twenty years, in informations, prosecutions, maintenance of poachers in prisons, and their families in workhouses ; but it is not. Whatever it may have been, however, has mattered little to the great feudal proprietor of the estate. But it is stated that his Lordship himself, though by no means a wasteful or extravagant man in his general habits, expends little less than 2,000/. a year out of his own pocket in the preservation of this game. So that here is an annual expenditure on one estate,. by the joint operation of damage sustained by the tenantry and payments made by the proprietors, to the extent of nearly five thousand pounds, in the rearing and pre serving of game. Now, we will venture to say, that were even the half of this sum of money laid out yearly in additional labour on the farms, in irrigating that portion of the estate which is capable of being brought under such piacess of management, and in en closing the parts most susceptible of cultivation, not only would the noble proprietor himself derive consi derable benefit from the outlay, but his tenantry would be richer and happier, and-the country at large consider ably advantaged, by an increase in its stock of agricule rural produce. We hope, therefore, that the Noble Earl, whom we believe at heart to he a liberal and patriotic man, will be led, ere long, not only to see the impolicy and injus tice of " game preserving," in the afti , e in which chat phrase is generally understood, hut that he will likewise be induced, as a Member of the Imperial Legislature, to lend his aid to a thorough amendment of the laws at pre sent in force in reference to parochial settlement and rating for the relief of the poor. We will not insult the patriotic feelings of the honest yeomanry who occupy the lands on the Rufford estate by asking whether they would not willingly take their chance with the rest of their countrymen in an equable national rate, for the maintenance or relic f of the aged, the widow, the orphan, the maimed and the destitute among the labouring population of the land, in preference to being charged with the support of the myriads of hares, and rabbits, and pheasants, and part ridges, by which their farms are at present overrun, be cause we are certain that, as Christian men and English men, they would take the alternative with pleasure were it offered to them. Indeed, were no higher motive than self-interest present to their minds, they could have no hesitation which evil to prefer—the relief of the poor, or the maintenance of the Earl of Scarborough's game. Supposing a national poor-rate established, and even confined as now to real property, the avenge annual charge on land would, in all probability. not exceed, for England and Wet s, more than Is. 6d. per acre. But we would ask the tenants of " pre- erved" estates, and more espcially where they are preserv' d with the rigour which marks the Rufford system, how much less than 10s. an acre the maintenance of the game costs them ; saying nothing of the mortificat-on of mind which every industrious man must. endure, at witnessing a promising crop of grain, or early succulent herbage needed for his sheep and lambs, entirely destroyed before his eyes by a host of vermin, without even being allowed the privilege of fraying them from his grounds. The poor-rates may occasionally be felt to be a burden by the farmer, but we are certain they neither entail the expense upon him, nor awaken in his bosom a tithe of those angry or resentful feelings which arise from the loss he incurs by the maintenance of game for the amusement of his landlard, and a host of Honourablea and Right Honourables, who are in vited to the Hall during the shooting season to seek amusement mostly at his expense. The length to which we have run these remarks on the Rufford estates; precludes us from entering upo n an examination into the condition of any other h o t t h i s s virtually extra-parochial parishes, with in countyour nextabounds pubi i ; c a w t i e o n. shall_ i v o tt i h owever, nglim m resume er sy [Nottinghamshire may be justly ~.. h . i our c work called . " a gar" ~: hot-bed."i COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen held a Court yesterday afternoon at Buck ingham Palace. A deputation of the States of Jersey had an audience of her Majesty to present an address. The deputation consisted of Sir John de Veulle, the Bailiff and President of the States of Jersey; Colonel Sir T. Le Breton, Royal Jersey Militia ; Mr. Peter Le Sueur, Constable of St. Helier, Deputy of the States of Jersey ; and the Rev. Charles Marett, Rector of St. Clement, Deputy of the States of Jersey. Sir George Grey, her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department, presented the members of the deputation to the Queen. Sir John de Veulle read the address, and at the same time presented an album to her Majesty, illustrated with a number of views of the island of Jersey. The Queen returned a most gracious answer. Sir George Grey had an audience of her Majesty. The Queen was attended by Earl Ducie, Lord in Waiting, and Sir Edward Bowater, Groom in Waiting. Her Majesty, accompanied by the Prince of Wales and • the Princess Royal, and attended by the Lady in Waiting, the Countess of Desart, took an airing yester day in an open carriage-and-four. The Equerry in Waiting, Colonel Buckley, attended on horseback. His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out on horse back, attended by his Equerry in Waiting, Lieut.-Col. Seymour. Lord John Russell had an audience of the Queen yes terday. The Queen and Prince Albert honoured the perform ance at her Majesty's Theatre with their presence yesterday evening. The royal suite consisted of the Countess of Desert, Hon. Miss Murray, Earl Ducie, Col. Buckley, and Lieut.-Colonel Seymcur. A bust of Major-General Sir Harry Smith was sub mitted by Mr. Adams to the Queen and Prince Albert, who were graciously pleased to express their approba• Lion. Their Royal Highnesses . the Duke and Duchess o Cambridge, attended by Lady Augusta Cadogan, Baron Knesebeck, and Mr. Edmond Mildmay, honoured the Duchess Dowager of Bedford with their company yes terday afternoon at her residence on Campden-hill. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, attended by Lady Augusta Cadogan honoured the Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury with their company at dinner yesterday at their re sidence in Grosvenor-square. A deputation on the subject of Turnpike Trusts, consisting of the Duke of Richmond, Colonel Austen, M.P. for Kent, Mr. A. E. Fuller, M.P. for Sussex. From Sussex—Mr. C. H. Frewen, Sir S. B. P. Meikle thwaite, Bart., Sir C. M. Lamb, part., Mr. W. Phillips Lamb, Mr. W. P. Beecham, and Mr. Robert lipperton. From Herts—Mr. Samuel J. Story. From Wilts—Mr. William Foote. From Sussex--Mr. James Troup and Mr. Frederic Ellman, had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday at the Home-office. The Commissioners of Metropolitan Improvements had a meeting yesterday at the office of the Woods and Forests in Whitehall•place. There were present Vis count Morpeth, Sir Charles Lemon, Sir Ro bertbe 11. Inglis, the Lord Mayor, A. MAne , E s q ., and H. C. A. Gore. Mr. M'Donald had an interview with Earl Grey yes terday at the Colonial-office. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had a ;micro,' meeting yesterday. HER !MAJESTY'S THEATRE.—The Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Albert honoured the perform ance at her alaiesty's Theatre yesterday' (Thursday) evening with their preserce. The royal suite compri-ed the Countess of Desart, the Hen. Miss Macdonald, the Hon. Miss Murray, Earl Ducie, Lieutenant Colonel Seymour, and Colonel Buckley. His Royal Highness the Prince Waldemar of Prussia and suite also honoured the theatre with their presence. Amongst the company were—the Duke of Wellington, the Duke and Duchess of St. Alban's, the Duke and Duch ess de Palmella, his Excellency the Turkish Minister and the Princess Cali maid, the Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster, the Marquis of Clanricarde, the Marchioness (Dowager) of Sligo and the Ladies Browne, the Marchioness of Douro, the Earl of Jersey, the Earl of Shelburne, the Countess of Westmoreland, the Countess of Dundonald, the Earl of Munster, the Chevalier Correa de Sa, M. C. de Koudriaffsky, the Viscountess Duncan, Viscount and Viscountess Sellham, Lady Frances Hope, Lord Adol phus Fitzclarence, Lord Sandys, Lord Saltoun, Lord and Lady Mountgarret, Lady Stanley, Lord and Lady Egmont, the L ,rd Chief Baron and Lady Pollock, Sir William and Lady Clay, Sir William liussell, Sir Geo. Wombwell, B irt., Sir Frederick Trench, Bart., M.P., Sir John Lowther, Bart., M.P., Lady Mackenzie, Sir J. Guy, Lady Goldsmid, Hon. Mr. Lascelles, Hon. George Bvng, Mr. Broadwood, M.P., the Hon. Mr , . Tollemache, 11 - on. Mrs. Norton, General the Hon. A. P. Upton, Col, Wildman, Mr. E. Divett, M.P., Etc. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.—The last musical fete of the season will be held at the Zoological Gardens in the Regent's park on Saturday. The arrangement of se lecting the orchestra from the three military bands of the Foot Guards, which has proved remarkably successful, will, we understand, be again adopted. The band of the Royal Caledonian Asylum will also attend, and the presence of several distinguished personages is expected. ROYAL SEA BATHING INFIRMARY, MARGATE.— Yesterday a general meeting of the supporters of this charity was held at the London Coffee-house, Ludgate hill. It was stated by the secretary that the institution was at present quite full of patients. A great alteration had taken place in the general diet, and meat, porter, and ale were daily administered to all patients medically sanctioned to receive them, and the diet tables were uni formly of a more generous and varied character. The balance carried to the next account amounted to 3881. 17s. 9d., and the total receipts for the past year 2,9331. Is. ld. The report having been received, and the accounts duly audited and signed, the meeting separated. THE MIRFIELD MURDERS,--A Government re ward of 100/. has now been offered to any person who should give such information and evidence as will lead to the conviction of the murderer or murderers of the late Mr. Wraith, his wife, and servant, at Mirfield; and also stating that the Secretary of State would advise the grant of her Majesty's most gracious pardon to any sc.: complice not being the actual perpetrates of the il t e t c t d s On Monday last, says the ,Yalija Guardian, strafes, solicitor, appeared before the sitting me Dewsbury, to request that his cli advertisement, and have the full benefit offered by that tenderhis evidence stated that M'Cabe was ready Weired to their private W.Ciasche, might through him. The magistrates re ti opinion appears to be that made public. The genera = his trial, having , through room with Mr. Watts , but what transpired has not been M'Ca'oe will"not be put p evident t n it, marks a and him to the constables will • in and that the story told by. his attorney, eommunicatued most important information the main be true; that what he is Prepared to his own w w il ill w b a e y ar o e f ve no doubt on the mind of any truth, and who one as to the awho co mmittedthe • horrid deed. There are many ru mo urs afloat respecting this murder, but to which we attach very little credit. It is generally re ported that the statement of M'C a b e implicates one or more women in the atrocious affair, and that he was the fellow who watched at the door of the house whilst the u nfortunate inmates were being d mur ered by Reid.— Manchester paper. STEAM NAVIGATION IN THE PACIFIC.—PANAMA, MAY 21.—The Pacific Steam Navigation Company's steam ship the Ecuador, from Callao, arrived here May 21, bringing, in addition to her usual passengers and cargo, the mails in continuation with the company's steamer, Chile, which left Valparaiso, April 28, from the underinentioned ports in Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador , and New Grantida, of the respective dates as under noted. Chile—Valparaiso, April 25 ; Coquimbo, April 29 ; Huasco, April 30,; Copiapo, April 30. BoLivia Cobija, May 2. Peru—lquique, May 3; Arica. Ma t 3, Pa 4 ; Pa -Islay, May 5 ; Flier), May 7 ; Callao, May 11 ; y May 'l4. Ecuador —Guayaqu il, May 16 Granada . New —Buenaventura, May 19. N v oss ,—The value FRENCH EGGS AND FRENCH d has been almost of French eggs exported to Englan f hese es benu, equal to that of French winesne o t In 18 , 45 the ovaal value free, and the other fettered. _ g of wines of France exported to England was ~365,000 c that of eggs, 44480,000foorliays Das. Maack& - --- Saturday jz —Oa morn vras m et along ,ton okagentlem ßu. a4 w i s n e g e E l: a . k r T n o yi l o a o " A d u : t hj ' w i t 'B l 7 l 1 (bt 1 ht AST i ‘ O l I" )CYW D a : 1 76 it A : e r r age t or overtaken b y a nger off his left h and. He Ina dog, which bore every appear-. state, picl i d i l i oh n e ed go g n:b i w bi e sce t n h ; rip i l e dboe l n h itgsob r b nitnn t : l i in : f il h a ag e eat it a el le a tr e t c -i b ie e nn i mn d n eiegrteeheae a v n efr d ei k min i b l t led it ; then, re: &Me 0 deliberately penknife itA)theofh ay nid a r n ao l cut off are finger by the first joint. After this he went to the office without taking further notice of the matter, and went about his usual bu s i ness w i t h ou t giving intl." oration to any one of what had happened. At last, however, a quantity of blood which oozed from the wound exer led to detecti on , w h en b e was sent to Mr. Jor dan, esmuirtgye,onie,eoefaßirtidngeeesstsraereyt, to amputate on examining the at the second j o i n t. This the you p th u rre th w e ith fing the er same indifference as he did the pain which he must have caused himself whilst practising the surgical art upon his own person ; the operator in the latter case l ec i ar i ng h e h a d never before met with's patient w ho showed such great indifference to pain. After the opera tion was over he went to business as usu al, and Id Man` us yesterday that his finger was again „ all right "— t chester Courier. 0c 549 barrels, 41 York, has brought 195 barr , f p r - Qis '3333 barrels and 7 tierces AMERICAN PROVISIONS. ..-.- An —inerkicsaifirom line seowf packet ship, arrived in the Lon_doonrAhll; baits and 23 tivrces o. hi ße s as o :. w ,_ eat ; 307 bnrrels of of beans ; 11,100 bu n s_ , 1 240 t " bags .of corn meal 554 flour ; 168 barrels d andoe 80 productionbales thekn ; Unitedwit h variety States of f The American line of packet ships trading nh d ein N g ew Fr Y in o c r i k pai ti;rm le e d r e l e y , b i r n ou e g d h di t ti n o o n other bag s of America. oats articles, T ; 11 nd a , ki escriptions of merchandise, with salted and other articles. Now it will be seen grainbetween e atths the usual of cu has Lon d o n euneaysle, it forms. as in the instance under notice, by far the greater proportion of the entire cargo. There is an interesting corclusi.tu .deducible from this fact—viz., that in ad'lit on to the vast supplies of grain and provi sions of all kinds which pour into the port of Liverpool from the United Skates it America, with which from. its position it is so Intimaely and extensively connected, and also to the numerous arrivals at this port Inca Boston and Philadelphia, every available means °Coon veyance, including passenger packet ships, are made instrumental in rendering assistance for the introeuc tion of grain anti weal t 9.44 cr9.41 qle vols Ailet" iat/3 I. #45 oouutzy. • re• ocs )0, e tea) t he bi ec 5 11 Rci66 bt. ' g ing ; fi. u po „