The Sun. — London, England, 1817-06-20 00:00:00

PARLIAMENT. nOUSE OF LORDS, THURSDAY, JUNE 19. Sir 1, GrahaM, and other Members from the, Connuoits, brought np a number of Bills , among st. which was the Clerk of the Peace Fees Bill. Earl Gttc.i . presented II petition from the Ma nat.ters of the Saving Bank in . the City of Bristol, against a clause in the SavingS Banks Bill, allow ing panpers to receive parochial relief, whilst they have funds in a Saving Bank. Lord IlKossnaLa suppotted the object of the petition; and thought the more these institutions weie left to 'themselves the better. Earl.SPENcca 'expressed his concurrence in the opioion of the Noble and Learned Lord who had just sat clown, and thought the acceptance of the provisions of the Bill ought to be left optional with Savings Banks Institutions. The LORD GIiIktiCKLLOR said, as the result of his professional experience, it appeared to him of great impottance not to impose the provisions of this Bill Upon any Institutions not disposed to act . under them. After a few words front Lord REDESDALE, the petition was ordered to lie on the table. stsPENsioN,ov Tim I:IABF.AS CORPUS ACT. Lord SIDMOUTH moved the Order of the Day for the third reading of the Habeas Coypus Sus i)e.siort Bill. :".•PENcnit tokeil, what 'was the proposed duration of this Bill ?, _ _ Lord SIDMOUTH replied, until six weeks after the next :meeting of Parliament. The Duke of BEDFORD rose, observing that he felt it his dilly to oppose this measure, which he cnesidered as most injurious to the best interests of the. country. He might have contented hint self with giving a silent vote against it, but lie could not reconcile it to his sense Of 'public duty, now that the Bill had arrived at its last stage, nut to deliver his solemn protest against it. lie trusted their Lordships would fuirly and dispassionately consider the case. The Committee of Secrecy, acting in the nature of a Greed Jury, had, front whatever evidence was laid before them, drawn a bill of indictment against the whole people of Eng land, and it was for their Lordships (though un fortunately without evidence) to try the case, and pronounce a verdict of condemnation or acquittal. He was afraid he could not anticipate a verdict of acquittal, but he must say there was no evidence to support a verdict of condemnation. Where was the danger ? we Were now in a period of pro found peace, without any foreign eeemy to con• teed with, without any circumstances existing arising in the slightest degree front external danger; what was there then to fear Was it from a few discontented individuals, driven to despair by priva tion and distress ; was it for this, that the liberties of the whole people of England were to be se,- vended 1 Ir was true he was not without fears, but he feared the power of the Crown, and not the Liberty' of the People and the snore particu larly, because of date years measures for increasing the power of the Crown had beets agreed to with tett beeitatiori, whilst those which tended to in crease the privileges of the people had uuifirraily , . %peeing; spies and Ittformere, he could not (whilst lie ellowed the catulour of the Commiter) but express his astonishment that the Committee should lttive given so much credit to statements thus ettpportell, When he bad the honour of fillieg the office of Chief Governor of Ireland, the ()tree of Chiet Secietary was beset by Spies and informers, who would haVe persuaded ;aim that lieland was almost in state of rebellion ;'and had lie listened to these tales he might have adopted titeaseres which would have deluged half Ireland with blood. But by pursuing a conduct firm, moderiee, and temperate, he put down the ten• deucy to outrage, which had displayed itself, and delivered over Ireland.to his successor in the Go vernment in a perfect state of tranquillity. By is. teniog ,to Spies and Informers, the Government here woold.he led en to measures totally dettiLlC. tiv,e of the liberties of the people. It was utterly impossible that the Constitution could stand, if the Govern:nerd were to be cart led on upon such a system, end it teas with the deepest regret and the greatest alarm that lie heard the employment of rides avowed end justified by his Majesty's Mi atistets. If this were to be the system, the Noble Secretary of State' had better go over to Paris and tike lehisens from M. de Coxes, or some other ce lele area superintendent el Police. Such a system of 'eseenere (he used the Preach word, because, aud tic rejoiced at it, there was no adequate word i n the English language to express the same meening) was utterly inconsistent with the free Constitution of Britain, wholly inconsistent with the liberties of the people. No argument ha i l been urged in favour of this measure (excepting the ground of humanity stated by a Noble !dike) site that of necessity, which hail been in all ages the tyrant's' plea. Necessity had invariably been urged by Buonaparte us au excuse for every mea sure of tyranny tie had imposed upon the people. The Seine argument hail been used for the same purpoie by the Gavel ument that preceded him, the Directory, and in. the same way by the power immediately preceding that by the tyrant Robe spierre, when it was urged at the bar of the Convention that the law ought to be sus pended in -order : to save the country. IVith regard to one part of the Report of the Committee, that respecting blasphemous pub lications, he could assure the House that there was no greater, enemy than himself to such Mod of publications, but he must remind the Noble Se cretary of State, that at all periods of political agitation there had been parodies circulated of peels of the Church Service, which, though they I could not be defended, they yet proved that this offence was not now committed for the first time, and, therefore, that they ought not to be ticsig ;wed lu the terms in which they were. One cit.- etttostonce connected with one of these productions he felt it his duty to state—it was a parody upon the Creed, which had been sent front Norwich to the Secretary of State's °dee. It was mitten 24 years ago by a persen then a Jacobin and a le veller, but who had since beeome a supporter of the Government, and who bad this p a rody, , ton formerly by Mcraeif, reprioted at an -obscure • Nlinisterial bookseller's at Norwich, and then sent it to the Secretary of State's Offiee, as a pool of the seditious and blasphemous spirit .. that prevailed at Norwich. This, statement he had from authority which he believed- could not -be. questioned. Upon the whole view of the ques tion, though yielding to no man in loyalty to his Sovereign, or respect for the Constitution, he slid not think that any ground was laid for the present measure, or .that any necessity was proved to exist for it by any evidence that was worthy of attention, and therefore he-felt it his duty to vote against the Bill., The Earl of WasTmoner.min said he bad been in hopes that it would not have been necessary to repeat what had been so eloquently said on a former occasion in support of this measure. it was a measure to the adoption of which within the last 100 years, nay, within the last 30 years, was owing the safety of the Constitution, and the comparatively happy situation Of the country at the present moment. It was astonishing how different the sante argttment addressed itself to different minds. It was objected that this mea sore was proposed to be adopted d u ring the recess of Parliament, a time at which he Plm& the Executive ought to be entrusted with it above all others, because an appeal could not, on an mei., gency,be made to Parliament. He also differed as to the argoment, that it might not to be resorted to in time of peace, because it should be recollected, that then the military force of the country. was materially lessened from what was tit-the service of Government in a time of war. A great , deal had also been said as to the employment of spies, but it appeared to hint so' be an argument in fa vour of the fill, that men going about in that character could at once be admitted into Snviettes of disaffected persons, and placed at their head. Souse Noble Lords bad, in the course of the de hates on this Bill, just hinted that it might be better to repeal the Bill fur punishing the seduc tion of soldiers. The Earl of DONOUGUIMORE here rose to order. He thought the Niihle Earl had better confine himself more closely to the question before their Lordships. The Earl of WESTMORLAND repeated, he was Sorry to weaken the folCe of whist had been so much better said by his Noble Friends ; hut he thought himself called upon to assert his movie thou of the necessity of the measure, and to caution their Lordships against Newspaper accounts, though they were repeated to the House by the Noble Dake opposite. The Duke of BEDFORD denied having taken the rirru►mstance he had stained respecting the Nottin gham parody from newspaper authority. He hail it firms an authority he respected, and he could not doubt the filet. Viscount Stomntrru'rose, and said, that he bad never heard of the circumstance until he had heard it from the Noble Duke that day.—(Hear!) The Earl of DONOUGHMORE said, he should not attempt to' follow the Noble Earl who had spoken last through,alt his wanderings from the question, but lie had talked of the prosperity of the coun try at a time when the people' wanted employ ment, an d wanted bread ; and he thought such err—tiortiose Earl was displeased with the taunts that had been levelled at spies and informers, upiin which int). ject, be must say, he entertained great per sonal respect for some of his Majesty's Ministers, brit he could not help thinking less well of them for what had bitterly occurred. Nothing bad been said in answer to the able speech of the Noble Duke (Bedford). The circumstances under which their Lordships Were edicd upon to consent to the measure before them made it imPerative on every Member to deliver his sentiments and discharge his conscience respecting it.: Ministers had bad this extramdinary power in their hands for some time, and with all their knowledge of evl: deuce of plots, they bud placed their character,theie motives, wissimn, and discretion, on one Solemn case, in a manner most satisfactory to British feelings, in a trial by a British - Jury; and what was the result ? why a failure in the first trial so eons plete, that the Crown Lawyers had given tip the prosecutions against the other three prisoners. if time Committees of the two Houses had been chosen indiscriminately,'and had recommended the Sus pension of the Habeas Corpus, there would he a good deal of. weight in such a recommendation ; but independent of that not being the case, the Reports themselves afforded their Lordships means of judging of the real nature of she al arm , and of fairly interring, that there was nothing in the situation of th e country w hi c h r e quired the resort to so desper a te an d so dangerous is measu re . He expected, that instead of calling for a renewal of the suspension of the Habeas Corpus, Ministers would have come down to the House to thank their Lordships for the high trust which they re . - posed in them for three months. His Lordship here commented further On the Report, and - co n . tended that the treasonable plot which it in pined was utterly puerile, and that its conclusions rested on the most fallacious premises. • Earl of LltdaRICK said, be would not travel over the ground of the Noble Earl, yet be con. ceived that it was but justice to an unfortunate individual (Reynolds) to rescue him from the cloud that hung over him. That individual had rendered Most important services to the conntry, and if be bad obtained a pension, it was well de served, for saving a large portion of the empire. He had eertaiuly held high situations among th e rebels, - by which he discovered that their objects were revolution and separation front this country, upon which he started from them. Unfortunately, there were always men adroit enough to set others on, while they themielves kept aloof front the scene, and latighed in their sleeves. The fact was, that without-the prospect of reward, he;, ip the first instance, laid open that bloody couso., racy, which-, be trusted, wonid never be acted here. Was there no door to be left open for VP ! pentance The Post-Master of Ireland sites so sensible of these services that he appointed hint to be inspector of the raekagis. This person.might also have been eppoitited tor the selection of Jos roll; but if. ell. Jurors did their duty, it would turn matters to_ a different account. if they dis cOuraged till repentance itt ilsise who hid stepped iotti tile most mischievous consequences must ensue. The Earl of Essex said, that nothing Was so much to he deprecated as the *mem of espionage which had beets practised by Reynolds, Castles, and Oliver, .who were employed to seduce the most wretched of men, the very scam of the earth. In the case of 1794, they were found men of abi lity, such as a Horne Tooke, and a Thelwall, but, . in the present , case, all Wm as ean and IoW. He , was afraid that there must be spies irfall Govern- Menti ; but the present mode of espionage was utterly to : be deprecated. He, for one, most heartily concurred in opposing the measure. The Earl'of Ltateat CK explained. Marquis CAMDEN said, that as he understood some allusions bad been made to the period when he had the honour to bold the Government of Ire land, he thought it his duty to come forward Rod state the facts relating to Mr. Reynolds. The truth was, that Reynolds repented of the part be had first take 6, made a full discoveryof what he knew, and gave his testimony in such a manner as entirely to satisfy the public Courts. He must confess that he was surprised to hear such a Hint) coupled with Castles, as neither of themgrad arty thing to do with the question. He should, therefore', giVehis hearty assent to the measure, n Welt he regarded as one of precaution, and not of severity. Earl DoNouGustorts explained. Lord SIDMOUTH said, that Castles had not of fered hiinselt to Government till five weeks after the 2d of December pro mite of remune ra tion h :4 heldnnl n then r ev i e ttoin no e.‘ Po V r itl; respect ruOlirer, he Was employed by Government to Avert dangers of the most serious kind. He had reason Ro believe that the Leeds report was at least sands exaggerated, anti all belted to implore of their Lotils!,ips was to suspend their judgment till other and °titer ioformation on these Subject- 3 , which would speedily be had; was submitted to them. Lord Si. Jon N deprecated the turn which the question had taken. It had no real reference to such persons as Castles and Oliver. The question was, whether there existed sutlieient grounds ter suspend the Constitution. He had hoped; after the deltaic of the other night, end alter the strorg ex pt estaion of poplar opinion, that some hesitation would hare been felt in proceeding to such a step. After the result of the late trials, it was a situate to proceed.' The greater part of 'he evidence was supplied by persons who had laboured to entrap the indivichials whom they accused. Instead of ac knowledging the errors into which they bad been led, however, the Administration went on, and gave a deadly blow to the Constitution. What were the powers they thus called on Parliament to give them ? They were unbounded in power, and unlimited in duration. They extended Six weeks beyond the nutting of Parliament. Now, who had the ordering of that T 4— Certainly the Ministers, nobody but the Ministers.--(Hear, hear ll—The Constitution would remain in a state of eclipse just as long as the Administration 0)04M - waiter to keep it so. 'lt Was as clear as the sun ttt noon day, tliat'it on the evidence of spies the - Constitution was to he suspended, there was no longer a Constitution left. If this policy were to be pursued, they had much better fol low the example of Denmark, and surrender• up their LiAlittieet ft tiilmeetilto4lift , Weintar;iiil • that which originally led to the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act for the Protection of the Pro testant Succession. The causes of our present distress were owing to the misconduct of Mini , seers, and above all to the Noble LOrd'at the bead of the Home Department. They were not owing to a transition from peace to war, but its the waist of interchanges,. of 'commercial regulations found ed on reciprocal -wants. Bill if the country had mischievous men to deal with, they Ought to have followed the example of Sir It. 'Walpole in 1722, and assembled the Parliament.; whereas the pre sent Administration flung petitions in the corner of their offices, and defied the feelings of the f en. The scoffs of sedition should not induce them to profane the holy of= holies in the political fabric, and•his affection and duty to the Constitu tion would compel him to give a hearty negative :to the Bill. Lord Sass Ras supported the Bill, and defended the right of Government to employ spies. He in sisted:Abet the grievances of the. people ought not to be exaggerated, or' mis•stated. There were some persons who tlatteir.cerdtlrsnuiffirnatgoeaanbiellAielfntiubasti they bad a right to Universal I'arli i a o u l t l e n t t o s , administer antllre - w a t s o s t o h lr e • i y r, t i o m s ss ee io s n u s c . h a T t i l l i e s; were less capable of resisting flattery titan the i h a ig m l e te . r . ritrdewrass, said th eirat t leiteittperaetsieonnt Bill d n es o t t r o tl y te . ( e i t t l ottirt,elCetr_sti(tLutoino(nt---crtiletast o tl i ke spH H een a nd b r e et a ? s — C fo o lrv ri a t a t s t . s tsh e i v oia a rt s t the fact . No. It was s time, x but itiilioiswalitt n rEt, o L t s i s n L t e la y ng c e o r n o m f l l e tn e g ti . annihilated. repelling the w s ) s p t , n )k u e a t l t a o s n t s , . t t i l i t a r t o thrown n u n t p l e t y r . s t o h n e s N fla o t b te le re( L l end • • humoured the people. He disclaimed such a F practice . o Nn eitise r p a t r i t id of h e h i think the p N I e o of England so uneducated, and so illiterate as the Noble Lord seemed disposed to believe them. It t w h a e s ir t e rtz a p t e io rla i t ia ps , tti t i l e ta t University nilvieeyrsditiyd of rtoot Oxford, r rzce i ' 3 v u e t they knew enough of the principles of liberty to revere it, and to value it above any other ltu man blessing: —(Hear, bear !)—The Noble Mar quis then adverted to the Bill before the House, and said that it was connected with all that 'related to the Constitution —with all that was dear to the people, and to p ublic order. It led th e Horse t o hi g h er regions than those of mereintrt y— to those higher and calmer regions of philosophi c4teelhrntilsientatststilrema,ed that Up tie oltllfigresrts apprehendedstages f this efiveilrle, clearly defined. They were more dreadful from the obscurity in which they were involved, an d from th e i r b oun d aries not being traced. What was the real state of the mote ? The Noble Lord oppo issittre:alredofattlinielltesiend:erthnemtennot danger fatal to th e ex -- Constitut ioub the fcountry,'or which men ace d t h e was apprehended. It'' was trite the t (intuits complained of we Contrary Snn ° w ri t of re tin e 4,,,a , e a g n i c i l a r li e y qr t ri r s 4 .e ie d the h t vi t i ni ti law to l e vir la i w th : in bu i t h ' i i e t grasp of th e l aw. As , at as it appeared that they were suppressed, they were snppressed by the hiw, not by any rigour heyotld it, Marquis here took a review of the plan of or spiracy, as detailed by Castles, and expoied its absurdity at considerable length. De Nahlr Lord opposite had said that Government, Hs the commencement, bad no concern with Castlti: That was not the charge. It was dist inetly cloori that Castles had become not only an sceotao but an instigator, with the intention of 111 The Nobli information afterwards against these veil ' P r, whom he bad led into crime. --As tri r i ll ver, he was an acknowledged, agent of Government; and one of the mast I t i , lent outrages recently conamittedrWas t i at adopted by him. This was one oftbe loPple",6 of a measure extolled as a measure of ereven": th It encouraged the t erGovernmen o hire ifs who instigated the people to l, oil A I (lime was not up to the law, the 10 . r . brought down to the crime. In a Coati of JP te tice the testimony of such men oaglir t° b , e ,3 ceivetl with great CAUtian and n ever, io' s ' , I in! rto;r f . wa a confirmed ; but lie thought it big." , ' it an accredita that such evidence shoal(' be the foundstioa nit legislative proceeding. 'rhis aVite. rli be 2, ll :i ti til subversion of the ancient Constituton, ..---suAot to all the laws of the coontry--hostile Oen, oi Coronation Oath, which imposed it Sa a " 4 4 the King to administer the laws in mercy , as co, as in justice.—For such infarnotii periilat a ! , ties and Oliver he could find no epithet 01 1 , 4 ' 0 , could use in that House withoitt proh"til,ll,'st ; Oust avails. The Noble lialquis coitclatleriPie:4 lag, that such a Bill as the 'proem slictit'cleo UriVe been prnposed}withont the stronpil , et sitn Nod that isecetSil y he did not t hink 0 0 t i tritipi l s :so e tit t ale f L etwa e rv d ilei t o ia t i . lcyta r e s. aii t . e l:4 l 2kilrig i t eli. ) ,l i ini t tsc ' t 4 tt i viese l t h, l e l R e : tg,l l ,i l W i l vit e ) tee e (s n i T i S iesbi t l i t o r y . itiniii t o , et t i a : :::l l4 : d l i eel: W era i ii l i t : e l l I : l l 6 :i irs t riet i a t I :81 e t ,r : i, l; p r a m e l ed. tirn ut . er e . , eb : 11 : 1 1 ,5 1r t... 1 . 3 e :1:! , which called for its coutindance, Ile ‘, 14 " 1 ' i d! agreed as to the necessity of toe s tep the) co , M . I .l.st illi l C i a t; illioft.r:lnsathiavtitPitettri3;no*pP°llt- Ji of i r dra ilthe re el dI c t men t f ur ithislacid, not taw, et b e t3l , :titete apaistt,:::l):ol,-:lA,tri Pa/1131MM. It deprived the P"'!'1""" h . TOld s a il i a i b g e b a t s C v' s . t i t i r i p c t h is t ht e d y be enise teria'ini:ei,d i id i l aulle g I°4 tie' The Loa Dtlia tv c st.t. o 2 delivered Ili' se ° 10 0 at. some length on the important (bl es t ' Dee, view of eveil thing that had taken Plhac`o'bjecta tertained not the smallest doubt tha t t,"ecoroirr the . conspirators was to overturn tae hi pot tral - establishments of the co°, ltr i f t he till Oliver," respect to what had been soh" ° , O soot s , " he would not add a ayliableeste, hse! been said by the Noble Secretary of ° cry COO! fret o 0 giving, credit to what appes Lordships in al c ij o u u r n e t t r i y m N ir e l :s r p tiol i bleil:rtc:(l"b.l:ll:l7:9:l;o:ol i t : n i .. lAll l t . i o n g i pettier .. $ 1 tbnOsitiln may not be it little sorpri,64o6' 0 1 gars tatilhdiehtest)Baeitiplitittvbiwi,i,calitibioynnostrlslghcooaudttirliorrepi;_t:7.:c..i iv 1 re m : ' bu il I: e. "1 , r persons charged with Hign vitePt6l2olo pri .' Vail!" .pre.,4,t -web, ile 0°4;0" it ° i preferable to , ie eflt ~111 A 1e4:11C.31111.0:1 it tlrt"milosl4 bc) lil t i me or toll . Bt% uear tlse evil (such as I.ll.obilant; i1t,',0.--'. greater is ill. Or bear those MO iAi °%; .. 4041.‘, , ~, OF out it, ICJ the conittry .., ~ ,,, v ',Ate', 10 protection. Atilt further, t ii ) s ur ail o 'd sitter o._ whether or not the e:Liadt't; pled t bel . mi-uTeatis of punishing, so as tr:4•Prec,,,,, t li c t iii s i t , 1 : 11 of crimes i n b o th these "5'0;001 ti.s`saerl in leis own mind that the ale* totool conscientiously recommend it to no o adoption. i i: n n l o c t; f°r' '‘.. bat qi u Pensibly. neeessars I the n tt) t i le ' iii4lll alti l,e i ,r o l) : The I die 51/9 ‘ . 11 4 . pro eldtederf preparatory to ft th vts (j og; I' t I . : D t r : orit m t orr Ef I n ; iyi e t sBl l; l l l l : e r trei d :i i : ar t il i s l i elel Lt e . s en t ag o il ei t nu r u tg , d seiv as sl t o t ti t l E :i i i i eri : sitd : l n r it f i ew 'l° l ni i i c : til l :i t h . i p be i tP odi a lci s l tti l sa , t vi ct , ic i T :l e d 'fk:si et :l9ee dii t: l ci ; °rs o, : n tie i l o s : : : o f t ! i di r il l : E ic "i i i : : : ifi: i t o lewlfb c e: ' On - vi*(le, that the Act should cease l'oroo passed,s v i h li i c d .lbC*T h i : o n a tl‘ f u t c C ar ea c n :j o uut em i r r l ie t i t I l e n i as t u i t s sl g u. a l 4 l g G y lt e 7Sh a : t e t o f : P . i v. o h' p ir a Ll s i s l ii ) er t r i o lse a :a i.f c :d j e: t i e : :: ? ( o ° : :- ; 1 0 ii ~ : t i c t i! c ti ' 0 1 : 13: c c:i 41 1: ~yid:ll7 l i i 1 41 01 ,141 z u hour t hi s ci t tl i l l .,o t e i li s r ; n d:a FE i l t _ Il i : ()NEE CO'':: 5 ..: 0 r. id °. oi , , ' •,: lu C ) is o e m ai lilt after lc 8° S t w i e t b e ic ia li r i t i l e te i r ie r - d e - g " :10 14 6 1 0 l'errst:Cil'444bt:erli:ellfd:llll)4. an is 1,77.Nti rtt ", ' Sir 3. C. il paJliCation of bane s, `:, par!rfliA. this Bill was founded on a .Petitidn ' ie oi I ' , b.osiicioonf, therro lics piaerregysyeernyitfed,tilu'ineat 1 etrilrifel,:sicgboial:_iiii,tlloll;friitif::,i;tivil vicin,itY of Bath anti Bristol, ieb.,ll-0 o f 1 °,4 the ti. increasing piceatenee of elf°'°,.ipestil f itci : It now 3tantls, awl therefore e 314.010. li , r the intervention of the 10 6 10 0 or 111, the vicinity of great and P a l: 0 i l ' t' i r e. Tr ' n l e e t le s_: t ti le lt t i v s gi t e e v a i t l , s,t w as t. a t v is i o t i s i t i e P s r e t ' O 9 l I :s i de grit r, visiotts at the Statute. A111)04'140 Orcolf,,, .thin of tbeStainte of the 26th of th c i io di t :aided that banns shottld bet übli site :l, of iii! ,ref'", o,elonging to the parish in *hie!' e -s O rri ii , 4, t_tewelr, an d b y the oghtb section: holootclir eras declarettlkt7htetin'toPilliabtlii:lavioi°itli--"Plitieal'ffh6:o,4ll tilt ' . 'l.l'il it' ' "' dneev:ertahseittossnvoilnil-ein"lltilleit(si ntlicev,7c'einti':ftrpi(lll salinity of the Marriage. 1 ,„, of ti le d t h occasioned, in fact, the greater' P P :, for '.,,'ct, 1 l c was not tlitpoSed to disturb I: ie gior r oth i d b children depended on nice titresti-colicrt.l-04' ilAe, cbief would be incalculable it tilos of,,11„1"-i oundary, or if they could be lot!' t ilt vOr evidence of Lion-resilience ; yet s!, of the stands, the force of the lust Pa'