The Sun. — London, England, 1857-10-31 00:00:00

CSINA. Itiag.. (From the Times' Special Correspondent.) SHANGHAI, AIM. 7. lgy last despatch was closed in hot haste, for the renaosa hove in sight, and in five minutes the boat was lowered, the letters were put on hoard, and we followed them with wistfu l e y es as they deported for " home." Next morning we were still out of sight of land, but the landsman's cry told that we o wereines bath steam ing in shallow waters. showed th at the water was qurrihteefre s h and opaque, with rich alluvial soil. There were no o ther 8 toras of Jan d. We were in the m outh of s EnPthe :nighty river Yang-tae—" the child of the ocean" the iichest raver in the world--richest in naviga ble. . water, in nsjghty cities,. industrious human beins4, in affluent tributaries, a l n ess d inferte w il id margins of cultivated laud . of exhaust y. t vast expanse of turbid fresh water is saturated with the loam of fields ILOO miles away. Portion of this rippling eleme,at was gathered upon those great mountain rangcs of Central Asia where the Ganges, the Brahma putra, and the two great rivers that irrigate Siam and Cochin China, and the fierce "yellow river" which pervades the north of China divide the drainage. The volume was increased by every maintain and every de scending streamlet through 000,000 square miles of midland Caine. In its pride and in its strength the proud river fights for a little while with ocean himself for empire, drives back bis salt waves, and establishes a fresh.water province in the midst of his dominions. The Chinese love aaid venerate the Yang-tse as Chinese sons love and venerate their fath-rs. Philosophers draw their parztbles from his greatness and benificence, historians chronicle his droughts and floods as events more important than the change of dynasties, and poets find his praises the most popular theme for their highest flight of song. Many a gentle dullard will think or say that I am "straining after the picturesque," or, more hor rible still, " writing sentiment." Don't believe it. I write rapidly what I feel elrnestly. The Yang tse-Kiang is the m,ot de Veniomes, the secret the great Chinese puzzle. If I cannot make Mr. Dol drums, or Sir John Fathead, or General Craes ti,ii deritand the grandeur and the all-importance of this river, I shall never succeed in fixing in his skull one right idea about China. If he will study the geography of this empire as I have done, hour by hour, and day by day, with map, glass, and books of travel, collating the bad maps, and asking explana tions from French missionaries and Chinese mer chants, he may then say what he likes about my , des ;riptions, fur he cannot but share my conclu sions. We had steamed for some hours in this shallow sea, when aline, having length but neither breadth nor thickness, became just visible far away upon our left. As onr course was tangential to this line it gradually became more distinct. Then through our glasses we could see a level coast, well timbered wit° trees—no palms or Easter forms of foilage, but such an outline as we might trace on the banks of Essex or Lincolnshire. Between the river shore and the woodlands there was a margin of meadow land, where droves of cattle awl flocks of sheep were depasturing, and every thing around, except only the fierce sunshine, gave promise that we had escaped into an European cli mate. Then land upon the right grew into view, not the opposite bank of the Yang-tae, that is far out of sight—but an island which he is throwing up. From day to day he piles there the spoils he brings down from the midland provinces, The pilots say they call observe an increase every week. The Chinese arc already planting bamboo there to give solidity to the rich alluvial soil. A thousand squatters are ready t) seize upon it and convert it into gardens ire .nediately the tide shall cease to cover it. , Fishing and carrying and convoying, a thousand junks and torches are scudding to and fro in the estuary. But we proceed not far up the channel of " the child of the ocean"—" the father of rivers" see" the girdle of China." A checker-painted sea mark (which wan's only a telegraph upon it to make its usefulness complete) and a floating light lac use mark the point where the last tributary to the Yang-tae Kiang, the river Wang .Poo, joins its waters. Upon a low spit of land stands the deso late_and amphibious looking village of Woosung. The. : plaCe . is not 'really desolate and is not really aniphaliou4, for large fortunes are constantly being mt:de h.er6 (the golden sands of commerce accumu• late as rapidly, as the deposits of Yang-tse-Kiang), and t4p„ piles _on :which the building are erected lift 'i4ertt out of danger of inundation. But the ChMese have a talent fir giving an appearance of squalor to their towns and villages! I did not hail, but proceeded immediately in a sampan to Messrs. Dent's receiving-ship, which. lies strongly sachored fore and aft in the mouth of the river. Time was when the Emily Jane was a floating garrison with a disciplined crew trained to gunnery and boarding practice. Her guns are still in very good order, but she is not likel y to test their powers; fo:. the Mandarin junks are la° longer her enemies, awl the pirates hold her iu great respect. lam afraid she is a very wicked Emily Jane, for she is crammed with opium, and the odour of the drug is strong in her spacious c Abins. Your " Special Cor n spondent" ought to be above such base consider at i OWN but temperance advocates have been known to relish a rump steak cooked upon the furnace fire of Broadwood's brewery, and I must own that when the . frank and hospitable commander of the Emily Jane bad responded to my letter of introduction by an invitation to join him in some well-cooled sau terne, a joint of capital Shanghai mutton, and a successfully concocted ice pudding—grateful con trast to the monotonous fare of a passenger steam boat—l did not look about me with so much flaming indignation as a total abstinence-from opium advocate ought to have done. These cool drinks calm one's judgment. I shall return to this opium question hereafter—l hope in more serious and ratiocinative mood. After " tiffin" I left the Emily Jane, for the tide was making, and Shanghai is seven miles up this river Wang Poo. At a distance of three miles, in the gray twilight, Shanghai looks like a distant view of Woolwich. The tall spars of the Pique frigate, the English and .American steamers of war, and a fleet of merchant vessels give an air of life and bustle to the Waters or.: this noble tributary to the Yang-tse-Kianee le! igher up, where a turn in the r ive r g i ves an i n la n % appearance, we see a multitudinous mass of junk masts, just as from Greenwich and Woolwich we see the spars of the ships that crowd our dock. All t lls of a large commerce requiring a strong protec t,on. In this indistinct light the "Longs" of the kuropean settlement loom l'ke the ship slips at eptford or Woolwich. It is only upon a near approach that they resolve themselves into fine finished buildings, some columned like Grecian temples, some square and massive like Italian pelaces, but all declaratory that the res augusta doini i a woe unknown to Englishmen in China. The English settlement at Shanghai is situate upon a bend of this river Wang Pon. Its bounda ries are its fortifications. On one side the Soo-choo river, which c Hues down from the great city Soo ohoo (the Birmingham of China) and falls into the Wang Poo, forms its lien to. On the other side, the Yang-kang-pang canal shuts it from the settle ment allotted to the French. This French allotment extends up to the walls of the Chinese city of Shanghai. The frontage upon the Wang Poo, between the Soo-choo river and the canal, is nearly a mile in I(4igth, and the settlement extends backwards about k air a mile. This space is divided jute squares by six roads at right angles with the river, and three parallel to it, aud in these squares are the re4idences and godowna of the commercial houses, each in its surrounding plot of ornamented ground. In the rear of all is the Shanghai race-course. I am so fortunate as to be commended to the princely hospitality of Mr. Beale, whose capacity of entertainment is so large that he can afford a sem rate establishment to each guest. I occupy the rooms where Mr. Fortune stored his treasuies and ei here he hung up that terrible double-barr . elled gun Which raked the decks of so many pirate junks. • If I have succeeded in conveying to the reader atlY notion of this place, he will recognise in it the present mainst a y an d th e f u t ure h o p e of our trade lvitta China. Al mos t yester d ay t h e s it e o f thi s hand e(). m e -Al lele - Chinese city was paddyfi e lds and cotton kunde- In 1856 309 Briti,h ships of the tonnage vf 92,943 tons unbaded on t h e quays. Imports from tae whole world t ' ) the amount of 3, 010,5111. passed through the Cu -torn house, and in addition to these opium to the value of passed through. t )is portal to the interor' 6 of 2 g l 9sl. notwith standing this amount of lee.l An d n i: i hl l a e r Yi l b ti m upor i s, a f., rth er impel tatiou, 4,287,090 /. withu i_on, was r quisite to settle the balance of %Tha t , end America, and to pay for the enormous aErnuo7lipiei. uf tea and silk which China sent down to Shanghai and Shanghai distributed to Europe, America, an d 'Australia. This is son!) olline like prosperity—a si ng l e port with an annual balancet' of four millions and a quar ter in its favour. But for the opium the amount would have teen nine mullions. In the current year, ..:cording to all present appearances, the sum may reach 9,000 , 000 e, even with the set-off of the pium ; and but fur this undesirable resource for neugi n c, our losses, the civilised world would have to find 14,000,0 m. wor th of silver to pay t he Oteinemen wh o supply this single port. It is impossible to predict this as a certainty. Perhaps the native Chinese merchants may over stated their marketand the exports may be checked. All we know at present is that the Chinese have a tremendous silk crop, and are holding out for most .TIEIZI SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY E V ENE3IIO OCTOBER 31, 1857. extortionate prices ; and that, although seta , 31 houses hold their hands, there are others who thir a k it can all be sent to E uro p e at a profit at the pi' ces d em anded, and are buying freely. In any 0A ,h er country this problem would meet a certain E olu tion, but in China even this great export trade: is as nothing. There is a competing home market . i of 360,000,000 of people, and almost every laboe trer in the cities has his holiday silk tunic. True, it is small merit in an Englishman's 03 es that this port of Shanghai is so productive to Chit to that it drains us of our bullion, deranges our ex - changes, and embarrasses our commerce. But it is a fact, and a very important fact. I am not now going to investigate why this so happens. I am not in a. condition to speak authoritatively yet of the doings at the Pihisn, the Taeping, and the Kan Custom houses, or to tell the mysteries of that cordon of Douanes which is drawn round this port, and pre vents our goods from penetrating, with fair chance of competition, 60 miles into the interior. When I have succeeded or failed in getting near these places, and have gat all the information I can gather, I shall devote some very lengthy epistles to the great question of how to work our manufactures into China. At present I have no further purpose than to show what a commercially important place this port of Shanghai is, to fix it in the public mind so that in our dealings with the Court of Pekin it may hold its proper rank. Beyond the limits of the European settlement the rich alluvial plain on which Shanghai stands extends for 20 miles without a hillock. We must admire the fertility of the soil and the industry of the people, but there all our gratification must end. The roads are devious footpaths, and the courses of traffic are dykes and drains falling rapidly to ruin. When the fierceness of the sun ie a little moderated I walk a 1 out these fanny tracks as they wind more tortu ously than the footways in the marches between Erith and Greenhithe. They all tell of better days. They are strongly paved with rough blocks of gra nite or of limestone, fortunately too solid to need repair. Small drains are crossed upon slabs of stone of many tons weight, and wider water-courses are crossed by bridges of stone built to last centuries. But where present or eonstant care is required we see the evidences of a decrepit Government and an unsettled society. Reeds and bamboos choke the water-courses ; some have become dry which were navigaele five years ago. Here we come upon the ) site of the imperialist camp. The canal which formed its defence in front is now a swamp. The peasant still retains his habits of industry. The land is par celled out into little patches of cotton ; and as the plant must be sown wide, the interstices are filled with beans, or some vegetable that will find a mar ket in Shanghai. The senses are afflicted with open pans of human ordure, carefully preserved for ma nure; and the proprietor, with a small bucket fixed at the end of a bamboo, is bringing water from the ruined canal to irrigate his little cotton garden. In all probability the Government has made the usual grant for sustaining that canal, for routine is constant in China as in England ; but the mandarin has embezzled three-fourths of the sure, and the contractor has expended one-half of the rest in bribes, and has pocketed the remainder. Cotton (yellow and white) is the general crop ; but it is not all cotton. There are patches of maize, purple, gingals, and leguminous plants of many kinds, but the staple of this district is cotton. At present the plant is a low woody plant about a foot high, a little like (with the exception of the stools) those young springs of an oak coppice which form such pleasant cover to shoot pheasants in early in October. In another month the flowers will be out, and a fort night later the yellow pods of which the nankeen cloth is made will form and burst, and all the popu laeon will turn oat to pluck them. The old women will sit under the eaves of their cottages cleaning and winding, which, indeed, is their normal occu pation all the year through ; the ablebodied part of the family having cleared their leguminous crop, will plough up the ground, and either prepare it for wheat, or, if the situation is favourable, will bank up the land and let in the water to prepare for rice. The wheat is off the ground in May or June, and the cotton is again sown. Thus three crops annually are obtained from this alluvial plain. 0 Vice-Consul Harvey—doetus utriusque lingua —t3 whom the manners and the language of China are even as the manners and the language of Paris or of London, tell me what means that more than usually pestilential stench. It seems to radiate from that decaying pepper-box-shaped tower, which, although not 20 feet high, we must by the courtesy of China call a pagoda. Undismayed, the energetic Vice-Consul, who sometimes acts as guide, philosopher, and friend, and expatiates with me over this maze, advances through a vapour so thick that I wonder the Chinese do not cut it into blocks and use it for manure — and at a distance of five yhrds from the building puffed hard at his cheroot and said— " That is the baby tower." " The —1" said I, inquiringly. " Tile baby tower. Look through that rent in the stonework—not too close, or the stream of effiuvia may kill you. You see a mound of whisps of bamboo straw. It seems to move, but it is only the crawling of the worms. Sometimes a tiny le or arm, or a little fleshless bone, protrudes from the straw. The tower is not so full now as I have seen it; they must have cleared it out recently." "Is this a cemetery or a slaughterhouse?" " The Chinese say it is only a tomb. Coffins are dear and the peasantry are poor. When a child dies the parents wrap it round with bamboo, throw it in at that window, and all is done. When the tower is full, the proper authorities burn the heap and spread the ashes over the land." There is no inquiry, no check. The parent has power to kill or to save. Nature speaks in the heart of a Chinese mother as in the breast of an English matron. But want and shame sometimes shout louder still. There is a foundling hospital in the Chinese city with a cradle outside the door and a hollow bamboo above it. Strike a blow upon the bamboo, and the cradle is drawn inside. If it con tain an infant, it is taken and cared for, and no questions asked. There is also a system of domestic slavery in China. At an early age a childis worth dollars, a father or mother may for raor/4 delegate their own absolute power--delegate without losing it—for, although the father may have sold his son tc a stranger, or although a mother may have sold her daughter to prostitution—and concubines in China are only thus to be obtained—the duty from child to parent remains unimpaired, and is strictly performed. The incentives thus offered by Mammon and the alternatives proffered by native charity may save lives that would otherwise be destroyed ; but this baby tower is a terrible institution. It stands there, close to the walls of a crowded city, au obtrusive invitation to infanticide. I have paid one hurried visit te the Chinese city, but must postpone any description of it until I have opportunity to see it thoroughly, and this will not be for some weeks. Ever since my arrival here I have been trying to organise an expedition into the interior, but every one is afraid of fever and ague and suns trokes, and talks of two months hence, when I hope to be thinking of coming home. At last I have found a companion in an ardent mission ary who speaks the language well. I have purchased a modest Chinese wardrobe, and a barber is delibe rating upon the fabrication of a toupee, with a hand some tail attached. With the aid of Chinese spec tacles, which are always four inches in diameter, I flatter myself lam s 3 disguised that my own house keeper, with her Lest spectacles on, would not re cognise me. I have written a lone news-letter without one word of news iu it ; an d ' yet it would be easy to 1v 1 ite columns, for one half of the people here are reporting news from the interior, and the other half are contradicting it. People say that the rebellion is dying out. They erpect every day news that Chin-Kiang-Foo is re taken by the Imperialists, and opinions are strong that Nankin will not long hold out. This, if true, is very important news for us, for it clears the Yang-tse-Kiang and the Imperial Canal, where our operations both for war and commerce wale most likely to be complicated by the presence of tlie . ee insurgents. I believe the news to be correct to a certain ex tent, and in a certain sene. If the rebellion be not welting out it is shifting. Chin-Kiang-Foo and Nankin are consumed. The locust has eaten every haf, and must take another flight or die. " Wait a while, all will come right—tan years, perhaps," has always been the Chinese view, and they think the time is now near. They have tested this rt.- bellion, and find it has no root. The old Chinese families do not join it, the merchants have no confidence in it, no literati except one degraded graduate has yet gone over. Therefore they think it will never be more than an excuse for brigandage, and that it will always be local and transitory. This is the opinion of the Chinese hereabouts ; and as we are within 200 miles of the seat of rebel go vernment, their opinions deserve some attention. I question, however, whether tip.) , know much of what is passing in the SA The R en d l tti g starts car on tile . 9th with the mail for England, a n d a _o of silk whi c h they say will give the P en i ns freight. u ar I hope to writ e you and Oriental C o mpany 9,0001. next from Ni ngpo, w hi c h c ity I intend to r eac h by a the inland parts of Chelriclicula.r route through Atm. 10, Chekiang. ON THE IMPERIAL CANAL At the close of my last despatch, while the authe • rities at Hong Kong were re,:olvie up formal blockade of the river—a measure which was a as conve nient to the fleet, and which the ripen e d ri e h a; vest raiders not very important to the Cantonese, —I was about to employ the interval of Lord Elgin's absence in gathering a little experience in the interior. On the appointed day Mr. Edkins, the missionary, Dr. Dickson of Canton, and myself, started in three sauchau boats, with a fair flood tide, up the Wang poo River. Our object was to reach Ningpo through the network of internalcanals, and without crossing the bay. This is a journey never yet made even by the missionaries, and Mr. Edkins regards it as a pioneering expedition preparatory to future labours. Our first stage is to Hangchau, and thus far our boatmen have covenanted to convey us. These sauchau boats are somewhat like the larger gondolas which go outside into the Adriatic. The cabins are fitted up with no little preten sion. Mine had plate-glass windows ; much carving and some gilding had been lavished upon it. There was a joss-house with a vacant niche for any idol I might fancy to put there, and two ecclesiastical candlesticks, upon the spikes whereof I might, if I had pleased, burn any sized joss-sticks or wax candles. The extent of this, my habitation for the next eight days, was however not great—it was '7ft. Gin. square. Nor was there provision for effeminate luxury. There was a locker within which I might put my most important bag gage, on which I could spread my bamboo matting, and over which I hung my mosquito curtiins ; there was a table and two camphor-wood stools. There was a box, with " Fortnum and Mason's" name upon it in one corner, a modicum of sherry and Bordeaux and a dozen of soda water in another corner, and a revolver and double-barrelled gun handy to the grip. The use of the firearms is, I believe, solely this—the boatmen will not go on at night unless they know you have them. The adroit ness of the Chinese thieves will justify their con tempt for any barbarian swell-mobsman. Mr. Ed kins not long since found that some one had during his slumbers crept in at the cabin window, taken his keys out of his pocket, opened his trunk, and abstracted all his dollars, leaving the trunk open, and nothing else, not e►en the proprietor, dis turbed. But Ido not hear of any open pira'ical attacks up the country, and you do not want fire arms to drive away a thief. The first thing he would steal would probably be the gun and the revolver. Off we 'go, then, up this tributary of the Yang tse-Kiang. About four miles an hour is our pace, propelled as we are by one gigantic oar, worked over the stern by three men, curved in the handle, and made to perform in the water the evolution we call skulling : We pass through the European ship ping, by the floating bath, and into and along moored tiers of junks, which may almost vie in numbers with the shipping in our pool. Hun dreds of these ply between Shanghai and Amoy, bringing sugar here and taking cotton back. A thousand others will start this season for Shantung, and will carry with them 100,000 pieces of our gray shirtings—a demand owing, the merchants say, to exceptional cause. In an hour we are clear of the environs of Shang hai, and we look to see the river contract to the proper decent dimensions of a third-rate stream. Nothing of the sort. Seven miles up the Wang poo is still suite a mile in width, and for the green ness and flatness of its banka, and the European outline of foliage, we might be a little below Gravesend. _ _ Resenting, perhaps, my small respect for him as a third-class river, the Wangpoo treats ns to a cap ful of wind just as the tide is finished, and the boatmen incontinently run into a creek, which leads up to a village possessing a high pagoda and a Buddist monastery. On our walk to the village—quickly speeding, for we hope to reach the pagoda before the sun has set—l notice the same lavish expenditure of labour in paving the footpaths and bridging the dykes with slabs of limestone or granite which struck me in the neighbourhood of Shanghai. The pagoda, from the galleries of which nothing is visible but the limitless fat plain and the frequent villages, is of course a thing comparatively of yesterday. The Buddhists brought the form from India not long before the birth of Christ ; but these products of untiring toil, these mounds and dykes, these count less masses of enormous stones brought from afar —still more those practical, matter-of-fact, Sab bathless, business-loving, pleasure despising habits of mind which under a less corrupt and depressing system of rule would lead the present race of Chinese to sustain these works and to create others—that insensibility to play of fancy, yet love of qua;nt conceits and forced antithesis—that incapacity to feel grace and beauty, yet strong appreciation of mere geometrical symmetry—that complete discon nection from (not divergence from) all the modes of thought and vehicles of thought, traditions, and superstitions of other nations—these things suggest a train of dreamy thoughts, and send the mind wan , daring back to times almost as old as that setting sun. May it not be that we have here a not very degenerate specimen of a civilisation that covered the whole earth before our traditions begin—which spread and flourished before the Semitic or the lndo-Germanic race had being—which has left its traces in India and in England, in Moxico and in Italy, in California and in Greece, in Brittany and in Normandy, end in the most remote islands of the ocean ; pliers of mounds and hewers of moun tains, builders of Babols whlse might was quenched we know not how, and whose sparse descendants we can just trace under the names of Egyptians, Pelasgians, or Etruscans mingling with now races and losing their identity. We passed the night upon the wide and troubled waters of the Whangpoo with less of meekness than befitted the peaceful character of my companion. I insisted upoit starting as soon as the flood.' ide made. Every wave seemed to break under the flat bottom of my boat, and she rolled and quivered and creaked as though she would have quoted Mencius to rebuke my impatience. But the night was very beautiful. It was so hot that I lay outside with my head against the broad junk-like prow, and ev,n the rushing wind brought no coolness ; the round moon looked down in all her splendour, but did not dim the light of the big stars. Estis as one of our sister boats went ahead, the oar acilliating to and fro at her stern, produced a sheet- of phosphoric radiance which neither moon nor stars could pale. Sometimes we neared the banks, and then the monotonous croak of the frog was heard, and in sheltered places flights of fireflies, like flakes of diamond, fluttered up and down among the cotton plants, and then also myriads of mostiu;toes of great stature came off and sounded their declara tions of war in my ears. We were not alone ou the Wangpoo. On the contrary, there were never less than a hundred sail in sight. Some were beating up and others were coming down, the strong monsoon urging them swiftly against the tide. Sometimes celliiioni seemed imminent, but a little shouting, and all went olear. From 3 o'clock till 8 I slept, and awoke t find myself moored against the villtge of Min-Hang. While at this village I fell in with a Chive e physician, who had escaped from Nankin when it fell into the bands of the rebels. He was the first specimen of a Chinese gentleman I hacliseen. The villages in this neighbourhood contain many fugi tives from the rebel districts. The Government lodges them in the temples and allows them 30c tAi (about 3d.) a-day, wherewith, at the present priced, they cannot buy even a sufficiency of rice. Of course disease is common among them, and this benevolent old gentleman devotes himself to their care. He came on board my boat and we had a long chat. He insists that the key of the Yang-ts,- Kiang, Chin-Kiang, has been remove I by the Imperialists ; for his friends at Soo-choo have written to him to say so. I doubt this, however ; for if this decisive event had happened the Govern ment would certainly have announced it at Shanghai. His view is that the rebellion is dying out. He says the locusts have cle , troyed it, having especially cf,me upon those provinces where the rebels hold their sway. He does not rest his expectation upon the Imperial armies, for he says the rebels are robbers and murderers, acJus coned toevery artifice, and adepts in all villany. All the loyal people can do is to hem the conflagration round and wait till it burns out. _ _ These are the opinions of a well-informed Chinese gentleman, who has seen much more of these rebels than the Europeans who lave written upon the subject. About 48 hours is the lougest pellet(' that any European has teen am Ingst them, and they have never invited any cl ,ser intercourse. Mr. Edkins interpreted for me these l'ayings of my Chinese acquaintance with no great satisfaction. The missionaries still hang their ho; - :e upon this rebel cause. The facts are unpromising, but still they hope. Devastation and bin° fished track the course of these insurgents wherever they go, ter these are only necessary incidents of eivil war. The thin of those public works which are to China wlity their dens are to the Dutch mark where these rebels are, and where they have been. Still mole widely extended ruin follows upon the exhaustion of the Imperial treasury. The two great rivers, no longer restrained by the great artificial emb,nk mews, now suffered to decay, are alt , ring their courses and devastating tracts as large as Europeal kingdoms. Perhaps a man whose fervid religious zeal is akin to that which animated Joshua or Gideon may see in all this but the will of God working to a great end, but the religious facts are aot encouraging. The nominal hod of thQ movement, claimed as a missionary convert, has sought no communication with any Christian teacher. Ire boasts himself the Sovereign of the whole Earth, calls himself the younger brother of Jesus Christ, and claims to have constant personal intercouree with the Almighty. His second in command, the King of the East, blasphemously styled hithself the Holy Ghost; but lie has been slain in internecine conflict, and the great leader, or his counsellers, proved their vigour and their Chris tian humanity by butchering two thousand of his adherents in cold blood. This does not look like a hopeful result of a mis sionary conversion, nor does it give much p r omi se of temporal success to the insurrectionary move ment. But then these reformers put to death the " id olators," whether they call themselves the priests of Buddha or the missionaries of the Pope ; they forbid opium-smoking under pain of death, and to bacco-smoking under pain of blows ; they appear to have read, although they have misiatrpreted the sacred books which the missionaries distribute. Amid the outpourings of blood, in famine and pesti lence, in the wrack of all the phy s i ca l good which antiquity has wrought our missionaries think they see a hope for the religion of the Bible. We must not expect from men whose zeal sends them forth among the hea' hen a sober and chastened faith ; but, with all allowance for their strongly militant posi tion, it is hard to understand how so faint and in definite a hope can blind their eyes and deafen their ears to the material woes which this rebellion has produced. Yet we have men here who have gone among them in the same spirit as Samuel went to Saul, and who have produced scandal even among their own body by urging their ruffians to go forth and kill. Mr. Edkins is a man of very different spirit to such as these. Upon the testimony of the linguists of Paris and of the Chinese here I know him to be one cf the greatest of Chinese scholars, and from my own intercourse with him I can say that he is fairly read in the sciences and well acquainted' with west ern literature. He has undertaken the task of showing the Chinese that we have a literature, and thus disabusing them of that contempt which ex tends itself to our faith. His American coadjutor, Dr. Macgowan, undertakes to ins ruct their gradu ates in the mysteries of the electric telegraph, and their pilots iu the law of storms. Missionary labours thus directed must result in good. Your medical missionaries, sech as Dr. Lockhart and Dr. Parker, command the gratitude and goodwill of the people. Men of learning like Mr. Edkins and Dr. Macgowan gradually compel the respect of the literati. These men are ploughiug a soil in expectation of a seed time which is not yet. To the missionary societies of England and America I would say lye tibi erunt antes,—iguora,nt declaimers in bad Chinese have no success in China. Their preaching is foolishness in more than the Apostolic sense ; bat this practi cal and conceited people only jeer and blaspheme. Yet I have found even the higher class of mission aries hoping against hope that the rebels may suc ceel, and that they may turn out to be Christians. I have objected to them the material miseries the insurrection has caused ; they have quoted against me Mr. Cousin's defence of war, which is no other than that war is in itself a g )od, and that the abridgment of longevity is not necessarily an evil. When I reply that this is all that could be best said by an infidel philosopher against a certain ar ticle in the Decalogue, they have replied that not withstanding this commandment the Israeiities were enjoined to exterminate the Canaanites. I reply that to establish an analogy between the casts it will be necessary to admit, Taepirsg-wang's pre tensions to direct personal intercourse with God the Father. No missionary is prepared for this admis sion, and our argument closes, With these men it is a hope and a sympathy which they cannot but feel and cannot justify. With some others it is a truculent spirit of partisanship embittered not a little by envy and hatred of the merchants. I know no more of the rebels than others who write about them do—that is, I know very little in deed ; but having talked the matter over daily and in all societies for the last two months, I know pretty well what the views of the officials, mer chants, and missionaries are upon the subject. Meanwhile, my Chinese guest is sipping his tea, looking through my opera-glass, and condoling with me upon my sad condition i► not being able to un derstand Cnineee. I hope I omitted no point of ceremonial with him. Whet he begged to present me with his spectacles, which I had affected to ad mire, and pressed them upon me with as much ear nestness and sincerity as a Downing-street secretary assures you he is your most obedient humble servant, I declined the gift according to Chinese forms, but I confess I could not prevail upon myself to offer him my opera glass. Hum , ,n nature is weak, and the China gentleman's admiration was evidently very strong. We parted with a hundred chin-chins. Up the flood tide of the Wangpoo Dr. Dickson's beat separa•ed from us last right, and is not come up. The boatmen talk of )arils from pirates or foundering in the storm. We wait and send back runners, and, learning no ticings, conclude he has returned to Shanghai. Two ,arge navigable tribu tar:es fall in, but the river above is not much de creased in width. After sore hours' further voy- a.;e the Wangpoolo3es its name and form. It divides into two equal channels, ore of which descends from the right, and comes (own from a string of lakes that extend to Soo-choo; the other is our way. Tributaries and canals now cone quickly in show ing how wonderfully ramified 's the internal water communication of this laud. OfColllse the volume of the stream contracts as we a•c itd. At night the action of the tide i 3 but faintly f, It, and we anchor in a channel about 50 yards wile. In the moonlight Dr. Dickson's boat comes up with a tale of adven ture. The next day was a day of canals and great cities. (To be conticaed ) GRAND AMERICAN BALL AT PLY MOUT!. gainvdenthbeyWa One of the most successful Ply mouth took place on Thursday evening at the Royal balls ever held in Captain Huds o n, Ward-room Officers of the United States steam f r i ga t e Ni agara, to C H o o m te m l a n e h r e P b e a n l I n ° w e a k, mark their esteem of the kiaduess and hospitality which have been accorded to them sines the Niagara has been lying in the pert of Plymouth ; and the Plymouth Journal, Which commemorates the event in a special edition, assures us that, as a fraternal demon-tration of a sense of that kindness nothing could have been more liberal on the part of the American Union—nothing more gratifying to those who had the honour and the pleasure of being present. The decorations showed that neither trouble nor expense was considered in Lheir preparatioe. The en rants to the staircase W&5 through a passage of crimson cloth, the sides and roof being festooned with evergreens, the green and the crimson con trasting very finely with each other. The staircase was also profusely decorated with evergreens. Round the sides of the windows were festooned the "Jacks" of England and America. On a cornice extending across the rooms above the orchestra was written the passage 01 Scripture , " Let there be peace between thee and me, and between my people and my people, for we are brethren." Be low this was another arch, from which extended thirty-one burners, on the glees globes of which were written the names of the thirty-one states composing the American Union. Underneath these again were several large stars, composed of swords and bayonets, and these were surrounded by large gas jets, on the globes of which were painted the rose, the this:le, and the shamrock. The sides of the room were festooned with the flags of the various nations, those on the right-hand side, jar medietely over the fire-place, conveying a graceful allusion to the approaching union between Prince Frederick William and the Princess Royal. The flag of Prussia and the white English ensign were festooned, and both being white suggested ideas of a bridal character. Tho decorations were designed and superintended by Lieut. Beverley Kronen, master of the Niagara, aslistel by Mr. .Eldridge, the purser est' that ship. At the time when the company began to arrive, Captain Hudson and other officers of the Niagara stood at the top of the grand staircase, and received each and all of their visitors with a graceful recog nition. The company legan to arrive early, and by 10 o'clock the room was well filled. This is rather au early hour for assemblies to be so well packed in Ply mouth, but the company had evidently come pro eased to have A, night of it, and cer tainly a more bril liant assembly has rarely been brought together. All that was fair and beautiful was there ; and this personal beauty, of which the fair Devonians can 'nest to a very large degree, was sustained by the numerous and gallant sons of Mars, of both services. Amongst the nobi ity that were present were the Earl and Countess of Morley, Lord Boriugd 00, Miss Coryton, Lord V a ll etor t , the Hon. Miss Mac donald, the Hon. Georgiana ReinlY and Mr. Romily, Sir Massey and "r , ady Lopes, Major Ibbet srn a'rd Lady Alela liTheoson, Sir Berriugton Reynolds, the Port Admiral, Sir James II tnway nue:ridge, the Admiral Striae, intendentr and all the heals of dep artments, the Mayor of Plymouth (Mr. F F. Bulteel), Mr. Watsen (Mayor of Devon pce t) ; Mr. T. W. lea, in his ofliei tl dress as Vice- Consul of the Americ to States ; Admiral Kirrg c earbe, and Mr. White, M. P. Tnere wore few of the officers whose breasts were net adorned with one or more s i gns of their past experience iu the more active service of their country. The ball lasted till near ly rise o'clo in the morn ing. Nothing co u ld have been more liberal and elegant than the serausgfleauts for the entertain ment of the guests ; and we repeat that, as a suc cessful demonstration of our friendly relations, nothing could have been more template or more sati =fee tory, The Niagara will leave Plymouth next Thursday morning. Its officers will take with them our esteem, and on their return, in April next, they will be welcom e d with renewed pleasure. From the London Gazette of Last Night. ST. JAMES'S PALACE, Oct 27. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Benjamin Travers, Esq., to be one of the Serjeant Surgeons to her Majesty, in the room of Robert Keate, Esq., decease]. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, OCT. 28. The Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires at Monte Video, enclosing a copy of the following decree of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, respecting the navigation of the River Uruguay. Art. 1. —All ve;sels coming from beyond seas, naviga ting the River Uruguay, shall pay 120 reis per ton, as a due, on account of thebeacons. Art. 2.—Coasting vessels, from 10 tons and upwards, aro to pay 50 reis par ton. Art. s.—Vessels having paid the duo on entering the river will not be required to pay it on leaving, and vice versa. WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, OCT. 30. 35th Regiment of Foot--Major-General John Leslie to be Colonel, vice General Sir George H. F. Berkeley, K.C. B. , deceased. Ist Regiment of Dragoon Guards—The surname of the Cornet appointed on the 25th of October, is Elliot, and not Elliott, as previously stated. 6th Dragoons—Honourable W. 0. Beresford Annesley to be Cornet, without purchase, vice Anderson promoted. oth Light Dragoons —Cornet Alex. Morrogh to be Lieu tenant, without purchase, vice Hamilton, promoted; Cornet John Evans to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Morrogh, whose promotion on the 21st June, 1857, has been cancelled. 11th Light Dragoons—Lieut. John McLoughlin, from the Military Train, to be Lieutenant, without purchase. 13th Light Dragoons—The third Christian name of Cornet Lethbridge, appointed on the 23d October, 1857, is " Erin." 17th Light Dragoons— Ensign Henry W. F. Harrison, from the 21st Foot, to be Cornet, without purchase. Military Train—Capt. C. J. Tuffaell Oakes, from half-pay Ist Foot, vice Godfrey Clerk, appointed to the Rifle Brigade; Lieut. Wm. E. Cater to be Adjutant, vice Jenkins, appointed to the Bth Light Dragoons. 3d Regiment of Foot.—Frederick Taylor Hobson, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Gape, promoted. 6th Foot.— Ensign Henry Kitchener, from the 9th Foot, to be Ensign and Adjutant. Bth Foot.—Ensign J. C. Cooper, from the 92d Foot, to be Ensign. 14th Foot.—Ensign Peter Barlow to be Lieutenant, by purcaase, vice Hall, promoted ; Henry John Harington, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Barlow. 17th Foot.—Captain James Browns H. Boyd, from half pay 17th Foot, to be C tptain, vice Brevet-Lieutenant- Colonel Charles Seagram, who retires upon full pay. 23d Foot— itaff Surgeon of the Second Class Patrick Sin clair Laing to be Surgeon, vice Macfarlanwdeceased. 26th Foot—Ensign Henry Augustus Barton to be Lieu tenant, without purchase, vice Mill, promoted in 6th Foot. 30th Foot--Captain J. S. Chandos Harcourt, from half pay 3.)th Foot, to be Captain, vice O'Brien, appointed to the sth Foot. 37th Foot—Albert Jones, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Sale, killed in action. 39th Foot — Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel William Caino, from half-pay Unattached, to be Major, vice Wolfe, who exchanges ; Brevet-Major Robert Hamilton Carrie, to be Major, by purchase, vice Caine, who retires. 49th Foot—Captain William Young, from half-pay of the 49th Foot, to be Captain, vice Brevet-Major W. Gordon Cameron, whose Brevet Rank has been converted into Substantive Rink, under the Royal Warrant, 6th Oct. 1854. 53d Foot—Lieutenant Henry Back to be Captain, with out purchase, vice Brevet-Major Thomas Ffrencb, who retires upon full pay. 60th Foot—Robert Fitzwilliam de Barry Barry, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Sewell, promoted. 61st Foot—Ensign Samuel Bucknall Elkington to be Lieu tenant, without purchase, vice Gabbett, killed in action. 67th Foot—Lieutenant H. S. G. S. Knight to be Captain, by purchase, vice Count William C. Rivarola, who re tires; Ensign William Henry Bell Kingsley to be Lieu tenant, without purchase, vice Graham, promoted in the 9th Foot ; Ensign Charles Morgan to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Knight; James Hardie Fraser, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Morgan. 70th Foot—Lieutenant Charles A. Poyntz James to be Captain without purchase, vice Hay, deceased ; Ensign Thomas Deering backhouse to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice James. 71st Foot--Lieutenant G. Campbell to the Captain, by purchase, vice Halkett, who retires. 75th Foot John Thomas H. Butt, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Hurford, promoted. 77th Foot—Captain John ➢lac Henry, from half-pay 7th Foot, to be Captain, vice Brevet-Major R. G. A. Luard, whose Brevet Rank has been converted into Substantive - - Rank under the Royal Warrant, 6th October, 1851. 78th Foot—Lieut. Thomas Anderson to bo Captain, with out purchase, vice H. D. Campbell, deceased ; Alexan der Ewing, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, in succession to Lieut. Anderson, promoted. 84th Foot—Ensign Hugh Pearce Pearson to be Lieute . nant, without purcha;e vice Kenny, deceased. 92d Foot—John ColebeTdCeoper, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, in successi on t o Lieut. Mecham, who has re tired. 98th Foot—Ensign Edward Frank Gregory to be Lieute nant, by purchase, vice Montagu, who retires. 99th Foot—Lieut. William H. D. Reeves Welman to be Captain, by purchase, vice De Winton, who retires ; Ensign Henry James Day to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Gray, promoted in Bth Foot. let West India Itegimont—Ensign A. Sullivan to be Lieu tenant, without purchase, vice James, appointed to the 6th Foot : T. B. Eames, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Sullivan, promoted. 2,1 West India Regiment—Ensign T. Purefoy to be Lieu tenant, without purchase, vice Oldfield, deceased • En sign C. B. Cradock to be Li e ut e n an t, w ith ou t purchase, vice Baylis, deceased ; Ensign W. H. M'Coy to be Lieu tenant, without purchase, vice Purefoy, whose promo tion on the 16th October, 1857, has been cancelled. UNATTACHED. Brevet-Major R. G. A. Luard, 77th Foot, to have his Brevet Rank converted into Substantive Rank, under the Iloyal Warrant, 6th (Maher, 184. HOSPITAL STAFF. Staff-Surgeon of the Second Class Enea3 Mackintosh Macpherson, from half-pay, to be Staff-Surgeon of the Second Class, vice Laing, appointed to the 23eFoot. Assistant-Staff-Surgeon W. M. Trestrail has been per mitted to resign his Commission. Acting-Assistant-Surgeon John Alex. Harvey, has been permitted to resign his appointment. class, 261 13s 7d ; Eighth class, 131 Gs 10d ; Ninth class, 8/ 17s lld ; Tenth class, 4/ 8s 11d. 30th August, 1855—Commander, 71; Third class, 2/ Gd ; Fourth class, 11 6s Id ; Fifth class, 14s 5d ; Sixth class, 13s ; Seventh class, 8s 103 ; Eighth class, 4s 4d ; Ninth class, 2s lld ; Tenth class, is sd. Sept. 18, 1855. —Commander, 326/ 17s 6d ; third class, 9315 s 2d ; fourth class, 591 193 ; fifth class, 33/ 6s ld ; sixth class, 291 193 id ; seventh class, 19/ 19s 8d ; eighth class, 91 19s 10d ; ninth class, 6/ 13s 3d ; tenth class, 31 Cs 7d. 17th, 18th, and 21st October, 1855.—Commander, 4)/ 183 lld ; third class, 121 183 2d ; fourth class, 8 , 63 ld; fifth class, 41 12s 2d; sixth class, 4/ 3s ; seventh class, 21 15s 5d ; eighth class, 11 is 8d ; ninth class, 18s 5d tenth class, 9s 2d, 24th NoVember, 185 5.—Commander, 121 12s Gd ; third class, 3l 168 Gd ; fourth class. 2/ 9s 3d ; fifth class, 1/ 7s 4d ; sixth class, 1/ 4s 7d ; seventh class, 163 sd; eighth class, 8s 2d ; ninth class, 5d 6d ; tenth class, 2s Bd. 12 , h Feb., and 30th March, 18:56—Commander, 31115 s: Third class, 91 9s 5d ; Fourth class, 611 s 9d ; Fifth class, 31 7s 8d ; Sixth class, 3/ 10d ; Seventh class, 2/ 7d ; Eighth class, 114 d ; Ninth class, 13s 6d ; Tenth class, Os 9d. NOTICE TO MARINERS. (No. 39.) ATLANTIC OCEAN—UNITED STATES. Fixed Light at-Dutch Island, Rhode Island. The United States Lighthouse Board has given notice, that on and after the 25th day of September, 1857, a light would be exhibited from the new lighthouse recently built on Dutch Island, Rhode Island, in the place of the old oue, when the temporary light shown during the erection of the new buildings would be discontinued. The light is white, fixed, and at an elevation of 50 feet above the sea at high water; it. is visibie all round the horizon, and should be seen from the deck of a vessel in ordinary weather at a distance of 11 miles. The illuminating apparatus is catadioptrio, being a Fres nel lens of the fourth order. The new light tower is 36 feet high, with a keeper's dwelling attached ; both are built of brick, and coloured white. By command of their lordships, JOHN WASHINGTON, Hydrographer. Hydrographic-office, Admiralty, London, 10th October, 1857. This notice affects the United States Lights List, No -105. NOTICE TO MARINERS. (No. 40.) SCOTLAND—NORTR AND WEST COASTS. Beacon on Stroma Skerries, Pentland Firth. The Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses have given notice, that a beacon has recently been erected on the south-west extremity of the Skerries of Stroma, which ex tend from the south-eastern side of Mallit Head on the islind. of Strome in the Pentland Firth, and are covered by the sea at high water. The beacon consists of an open framework of iron, sur mounted by a cylindrical cage, in all 40 fees above high water, and painted red. Beacon on Bo Caolas, Loch Inver. Also that a beacon has been erected on Bo Caolas, a rock which is covered at high water, and lies at the en trance to Loch Inver, on the west coast of Sutherlandahire. The beacon is composed of cast iron pillars surmounted by a cylindrical cage ; it is elevated about 30 feet above high water, and painted red. Beacon on Screen Rocks, Whithorn. A beacon has also recently been placed on the Screen rocks at the entrance to the port of Whithorn, on the south-eastern coast of Wigtonshire. This beacon is of iron, with a barrel top, and painted red. By command of their Lordships, JOHN WASHINGTON, Hydrographer. Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, London, Oct. 13,1857. This notice affects the following Admiralty Charts : Coast of Scotland, Sheet 5, No. 2181; Orkneys, No. 2180; and Pentland Firth, No. 2162 ; West Coast of Scotland, Sheet 9, No. 2386; Loch Inver, No. 1953. Also North Sea Pilot, Part 2, page 28. - NOTICE TO MARINERS. (No. 41.) SCOTLAND—EAST COAST. Alteration in Colour of Buoys. Tae Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses have given notice that in adopting a uniform system in colouring the buoys under their direction— by which arrangement vessels ontering a harbour should keep red buoys on the starboard hand, and black buoys on the port hand, while chequered buoys indicate centre patches—the following changes have been made in the colours of the undermentioned buoys : Dornoch Firth. Thin bar inner buoy, north side, from black to red, Tain bar inner buoy, south side, from red to black. Cromarty Firth., Nigg sand buoys from black to red. Newhall buoy from red to black. Moray Firth. Whiten Ness sandhead buoy from red to black. Inverness Firth. Craig Mee buoy from red to black; Skate bank buoy from black to red. Munlochy buoy from black to chequered red and white. Petty bank buoy from red to black. Middle bank buoy from black to red. Meikle Mee buoy from black to red. By command of their Lordships. JOHN WASHINGTON, klydrographer. Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, London, 14th October, 1857. This notice affects the following Admiralty Charts : East Coast of Scotland, Sheet 4, No. 1,23 ; Dornoch Firth, No. 2,170; Cromarty Firth, No. 2,167; Inverness Firth, No. 1,451. Also North S ea Pil o t, P ar t 2, chapters 3 and 4. BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED. Charles Alexander Hill, cabinet maker, Bristol. BANKRUPTS. George Wacey Stevenson, general merchant, Fora street, Cripplegate, to surrender, Nov. 12, at two, and Dec. 8, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Edwards, official assignee, Sambrook-court, Baainghall-street Stret ton and Postans, South-square. William Troeby Chafe, ironfounder, Devonport, Nov. 10 and Dec. 9, at eleven, at the Exeter District Court. Hertzal, official assignee, Exeter; Hawker, Devonport Slogdon, Exeter. Samuel Mendel, commission agent, Fenchurch-street, Nov. 7, at half-past twelve, and Dec. 15, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. St ansfeld, official assignee ; Lum ley and Lumley, Ludgate-hill. George Gossling, baker, Upper Bemerton-street, Mid dlesex, Nov. 13, and Dec. 15, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Lee, official assignee, Aldermanbnry; Begbie, Essex-street, Strand. Jeremiah Self, innkeeper, Bishop's Waltham, South ampton, Nov. 6, and Dec. 1, at two, at the Court of Bank - ruptcy. Lee, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; LaWrance, Plows, and Boyer, Old J ewr y- c h atu b ers . William Pemberton, commission agent, Barge-yard Chambers, Bucklersbury, Nov. 13, at three, and Dec. 11, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Moss, Pancras-lane. • Samuel Ra.wnsley, brush manufacturer, Halifax, Nov. 20 and Dec. 11, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. Young, official assignee, Leeds ; Ws.vell, Philbrick, and Foster, Halifax. George Baker, flour factor, Fulham, Middlesex, Nov. 13, at half-past two, and Dec. 11, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Cannan, official assignee, Aldermanbuty ; Watson and Sons, Bouverie-street, Fleet-street. Edward Rogers, draper, Oswestry, Nov. 9, and 30, at half-past twelve, at the Birmingham District Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Birmingham; Bull, Oswestry ; Reece Birmingham. William Edward Waters, milliner, Haverstock-street, City-roaii, Nov. 7, at one, and Dec. 15, at eleven, at the Court of B a nkruptcy. S tansfeld, official assignee; Depree and Austin, Lawrence-lane, Cheapside. Thomas George White, lace warehouseman, Alderman - bury, Nov. 13, at two, and Dec. 11, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Carman, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; Rogerson and Ford, Lincoln's-inn-fi:lds ; Brown, Notting ham. __ _ James Clarke, timber merchant, Kingsland, Nov. 17, at half-past two, and December 11, at one o'clock, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee ; Chid ley, Basinghall-street. Edwin and William Sunderland, bill brokers, Oldbury, county of Worcester, Nov. 12 an d D ac. 3 , at h a lf -past eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Temple-street, Birmingham ; Southall and Nelson, Birmingham. Robert Hiudry Mason, printer, Sunderland, Nov. 11, at eleven, and Dec. 16, at twelve, at the Royal Arcade, Newcastle-upon - Tyne. Baker, official assignee, New castle-upon-Tyne; Harle, Bush, and Co., Southampton buildings, Chancery-lane. James Musto, Joseph Musto, and Robert William Mneto, millwrights, Cambridge-road, Mile-end, Middlesex,. Nov. 10, at half past twelve, and Dec. 10, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson, official assignee, Basing hall-street; Lawrance, Plows, and Boyer, Old Jewry chambers. _ John Woolsey, ironmonger, Great Grimsby, Lincoln shire, Nov. 18 and Dec. 23, at twelve, at the Leeds Dis trict Court. Carrick, official assignee Hull ; Reed, King ston-upon-Hull. George Tin 'all, wheelwright, Wickenby, Lincolnshire, Nov. 11 and Dec. 16, at twelve, at the Townhall, Kingston - upon-Hull. Carrick, official assignee, Hull ; Brown, Lincoln. William Alliston Lamprell, carpenter, Long-lane, City, Nov. 12, at half-past two, and Dec. 15, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Edwards, official assignee, Sam brook-court ; Broughton, Falcon-square. Henry Whitmore ' tailor and woollen draper, Stockport, Oct. 10 and Dec. 1, at one, at the Manchester District Court. liernamann, official assignee, Manchester; Cop pock and Oldham, Stockport. Henry Bastow, mercer and draper, Manchester,-Nov. 13 and Dec. 4, at eleven, at the Manchester District Court. Hernaman, official assignee, Manchester; Cooperand Sous, Manchester. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATION. Michael M`Haffie and Co., merchants, Glasgow. BANK OF An Account pursuant to the Act the Week ending on Saturda ENGLAND. 7th and Sth Victoria, cap 32, i r y, the 24th day of Oct., 1857. .AZTMENT. ISSUE DEP, A Notes issued . . 23,252,1051 Government debt.... 11,615,100 Other securities...... 3,459,50; Gold coin and bullion 8,777,105 Silver bu11i0n........ - £23,252,105 £23,252, [. MARSHALL, Chief Caskier.los Dated tho 23th day of Oct., 185' BANKING DE . Proprietors' capital .. 14,553,000 Rest 3,239,499 Patine deposit (in cluding Exchequer, Commissioners of Nati _nal Debt, Sav ing's Banks, and Dividend Accounts) 4,861,740 Other deposits ...... 11,263 986 seven Day and other 819,442 :PLRTMENT. Government securities (includg.Dead Weight Annuity) .... „ • .... 10 254,541 Other securities...—. 2 ),401 5 97 Notes .......... 3,495,540 Gold and silver coin .. 592,68: 434,737,667 £34,737,667 :. MARSHALL, Chief Cashier Dated the 29th day of Oct., 185' AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR. The Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, com puted from the returns made iu the week ending Oct. 27, 1857, exelmive of the Duties of Customs paid cr payable thereon, on the importation thereof into Great Britain : e. d. From the British Possessions in America............ 31 04 Thomas Fuller Bacob convicted of adm inisterin g arsenic to his niotber at"'Stainfor , l, waH on Wednehday removed from Lincoln Castle to Millbank prison, under Eentenca of penal servitude for life. Country Markets. LIVERPOOL—OcT. 30. _ ice-/► The transactions at our corn exchange this morning wen limited ; we had, however, more inquiry for wheat fi om the millers in the interior, indicating that our present tango of prices will command next week a better and larger demand than we have lately had. Good American rod wheat can be bought at 7s to 7s d, and white 7s 10d to 8s per 701bs. Choice American flour is not lower, but English sack is offering at 2s decline. Best oats id., and secondary ld per bushel lower. Indian corn is 6d per qr. cheaper. No other change on Tuesday's quotations. BREVET. The undermentioned officers, having completed three years' actual service on the 29th Oct., 1857, in the rank of Lieut.-Colonel, to be promoted to be Colonel in the Army under Itoyal Warrant of 6th Oct., 1854. Lieut.-Col. Edmund Haythorne, of the Ist Foot. Erevet-Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Seagram, retired full-pay 17th Foot, to be Cobnel in the Army, the rank being honorary only. Brevet-Majer Thomas Ffrench, on retired full-pay of the 53d Foot, to be Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army, the rank being honorary only. Henry Charles Van Cortlandt, Esq., to have the tempo rary rank of Colonel in the East Indies, while commanding a corps of Irregular Levies in that country. MEHOR A.NDA. The Christian names of Cornet Macleod, on half-pay of the late Land Transport Corps, are Henry David James. The Christian names of Cornet Kean, on half-pay of the late Land Transport Corps, are John Henry. The surname of Cornet Robert Stewart, on half-pay of the late Lan4l Transport Corps, is spelt Stuart. The surname of Cornet George Ramsay, on half-pay of the late Land Transport Corps, is Ramsey. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LORD LIEUTENANTS. County of Kent—The Hon. Sir John Duncanßligh,K.C.B., to be Deputy Lieutenant. Tower Hamlets- -John Joseph Tanner, Esq., to be Ds. puty Lieutenant. County of Dumfries—George Hope Johnstone, Esq., to ba Deputy Lieutenant. Royal Sherwood Foresters, or Nottinghamshire Regi ment of Militia— Charles Frederick Clements, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Thomas Davies, appointed to the 11th Foot ; Hugh Vundeleur, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Stephens promoted. Ist or Royal East Middlesexßegiment of Militia—Wilfred Dakin Speer, Esq., to be Captain, vice Snell, resigned. 2.1 or Edmonton Royal Rifle Regiment of Middlesex Mi litia- Benjamin Charles Stephenson, Gent., to be En sign, vice Stephens, promoted. 4th or Royal South Middlesex Regiment of Militia —Assis tant-Surgeon John Berry Bryant to be Surgeon, vice Lavies, resigned ; Edward Bullock Jackson, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Magill, resigned; Charles Wilkinson, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Hale, resigned. West York Rifle Regiment of Militia—Edmund Bowyer, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Channer, promoted ; Charles Fox Oxley, Gent., to b 3 E ns i gn , v i ce R e i d, promoted. 2d Regiment (Light Infantry) of West York Militia—Geo. Henry Lamb, Esq. (late Captain 4lith Foot), to be Cap tain, vice Ashworth, resigned ; Ensign James Bell Rib bert Tate to be Lieutenant, vice Lloyd, deceased. sth Regiment of West York Militia—Arthur Henry Gries b tch, Gent., to be Ensign. 2d West Regiment of Yorkshire Yeomanry Cavalry— Lewis Randle Starkey, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Armitage,prornoted.S Forfar and 'ltincarline Regiment of Militia Artillery-- John Allen Allen, Gent., t o b e S econ d Li eutenant; J 11.1130,3 Whitton, ent., to be Sec on d Li eu t enant; John Allan Johnson, Gent., to be Second Lieutenant. • NOTICE OF INTENDED DISTRIBUTION OF NATAL PRIZE MONEY. Department of the Accountant• General of the Navy, Admiralty, Somerset -house Oct. 29, 1857. Notice is hereby given to the officers, seamen, and ma rines, and to all persons interested therein, that the distri bution of proceeds arising from the grant for the destruc tion of pirates in the China Seas, by her Majesty's ship Bittern, between the 27th June, 1851, and the 30th Match, 18)6, will commence on Monday, the 16th Novem ber, 1857, in the Prize Branch of the Department of the " Accountant-General of the Navy, Admiralty, Somerset House." Agents and other persons holding powers of attorney, prize orders, assignments, or other instruments, by virtue of which they may be legally entitled to claim the share of any captor, serving in the above-named ships, are re quested to present the same at this office. Any officer, seaman, marine, or other person, who may desire to receive his share from the Collector of Customs of Inland Revenue within the United Kingdom, is required to intimate the same by letter to be addressed "On Prize Busi ness, to the Secretary of the Admiralty, London," in which letter his own place of residence is to be precisely stated, as well as the place of the nearest Collector of Customs or of Inland Revenue, from whom it would be convenient to receive su c h share of prize money. The following are the shares due to an individual in each class :- 27th June, ISsl—Commander, 2 ; Third class, 7/ 183 id ; Fourth class, 5/ Is 8d ; Fifth class, 2/ 16s 5d • ' Sixth class, 2/ lOs lid ; Seventh class, 1/ 13s lid • Eighth class, 16s 11,1; Ninth class, lls 4d; Tenth clas s , 5s id. Ist and 21./d January, 1855 - Commander, 371 7s 6d; Third class, 101 tie 6 I; Fourth class, 01 12s 8d ; Fifth class, 3/ 13e 10d ; Sixth class, 3/ 6s 4d ; Seventh class, 2/ 4s 3d ; Eighth class, 1/ 2s id; Ninth class, 14s lid; Tenth class, 7s 41. 21st March, 1855—Commander, 2611 10s ; Third class, 77110 s 9d ' • Fourth class, 491 16s 11d ; Fif t h class, 2 71 13 s 9.1 • Sixth class, 24118 s 6d ; Seventh class, hl 128 sd ; Eighthl class,' Si 6s 2d; Niuth class, 5/ 10 s 9 d; Tenth class, 21 Ps 4.1. 19th mid 26th August, 1855—Commander, 43012 s Gd ; Third class, 124/ lOs 6d; Fourth class, 801 ls ; Fifth class, 441 95 Gd; Sixth class, 40/ Os 7d ; Seventh WAKEFIELD—Oop. SO. There was a fair supply of wheat, and trade was dull ; the best qualities are 2s to 3s per qr. lower than on last Friday. Barley is to 2s cheaper. Beans, oats, and shel ling have also a downward tendency. EXETER—OcT. 30. CORN.—Wheat, 68 6d to 6s 9d ; barley, 4s 9d to 5s ; grinding do., 0 Od to Os Od. Oats, 3s Od to 3 s 3d . Beans, Os Od to 0 Od. Peas, OOs Od to OOs Od. FLOUR.—Fine, 37s Od to 38s Od; seconds, 36s Od to 37s Od per sack. CATTLE. —There was a small supply of bullocks. Best beef, from 10s Gd to 11s pet score ; inferior, 7s Od to 8s per score ; fat calves, Od to 7d per lb ; barrenners, Os Od to 04 Od. per score ; cows and calves, 121. to 201. s ; butchers' calves, Od to 7d per lb., rearing calves —s to s each; sheep, ewes and lambs, 21. 5s to 31. 5s per couple; ewes, Od to 6d; wethers, 7d —d; lambs, 7d to 0 per lb. Pigs, large size, --s to —s ; second size, —s to —s ; slips, —s to —a ; suckers, —s to —s. Rough fat, 4id per 11. Pork carcases from 10s Od to 103 6d per score. BRISTOL SUGAR—Ocp. 30. The transactions on the spot are limited to a few boards of Demeraras and Barbadoes, at a further decline of fully is per cwt.; one floating cargo of Plavannahs, 1,200 boxes, No. 12,i, is also reported at 32 5 . ; p r i va t e l y, a b out 5,000 boxes Havannahs lying in London, have been purchased fo" this market, at very moderate rates. Refiners' produce of all descriptions meet a ready sale at full prices. Of rum we are without any supply. COAL ?BARB. Prices of Coals per ton at s. d.' Holywell ..................16 6 s d. Wylam Acorn Close 2O 6 Wallsend, lie Heugh Hall . 20 0 Gosforth l9 0 Hartlepool Hetton 21 0 Nixon's Duffryn. 2l 6 Ships at market KT.—OCT. 30. the close of the market Wallsend, &c. ~, 15 ; sold, 13. COURSE OF EXCHANGE.-YESTERDAY. , m5terdam...........• 11 16% Gibraltar ......•••••••• Ditto, three months .. 12 4 Leghorn .......:.. •• ••30 50 Sotterdam ............ 12 % Genoa ........•....... 25 85 Antwerp .............. 25 57% Milan .• •• •••• ••.. —••— Brussels •• •••••• a•• • • • 25 57% Venice •••••••••• .._ . .... Bainbuigh ............ 13 10W, Naples •••• •••• 42 Altcna .• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Palermo • .• •• Paris• ••••• • • ..•• •• •• .• 25 37% Messina •• • ... 127 Do. three months .. 25 85 Lisbon ... . 52% Maneilles •••••••• 25 85 Oporto •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 82% Bourdeaux .. Rio Janeiro ..... ....... •-•• Frankfort-on-Uaine 120 Buenos Ayre5.......... Berlin •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• • • New York,6o days' sight Vienna •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 10 47 ;Philadelphia •• •• •• •• • • frie5te................ 10 49 I PRICES OF BULLION, PER 02: Petersburg ............ 3414 Foreign Gold In Bars £3 17 9 Sf adrid 48 ,1 7 t Portugal Goldaoin.: 0 cadiz........••...... 49% Mexican Dolling .... 0 Barcelona •• •• •• •• .. New Dollars .... 0 Seville.. Silver at bars RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS. 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 I% TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE WEEK. Miles ' Receipts. o:iened. NAME OF RAILWAY. 1857. 1857. 1856. BILITISE • £ £ - - 65 Belfast and Ballymena ••• • • • •,., ••• • • • 1,231 1,017 17 Belfast and County Down.. - - - .... 284 289 82 Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire 2,624 2,112 26)4 Bolton, Blackburn,and West York .... 1,018 997 118 Bristol and Exeter •. - - .......... , • 6,596 6,774 198 % Caledonian__ _ _ ... _ _____ 13,878 12,618 94 la Chester and Holyhead... - .......... 6,478 6,474 636 Cork, Blackrock, and Passage •• •• • • 216 229 20 Cork and Bandon .................. 299 236 56 Dublin and Belfast J unction • • .. • • • • 1.446 1,178 63 Dublin and Drogheda...... ......... 1,539 1,688 404 Dublin and Kingstown .............. 1,533 1,558 171 4 Dundee and Arbroath .............. 682 563 31 Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen Junctioi 1,054 967 35 Dundalk and Enniskillen.... - .... - - - 67 % East Ang1ian........................ 1,258 1,212 93 East Lancashire .................... 6,020 6,635 489 Eastern Counties and Norfolk.. ••.. 3 26,859 25,654 Eastern Union • . • . • • • . • • • • .. • • • • • • 142 Edinburgh and Glasgow .• •••••• • • • • • 6,199 6,002 7 8 Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee.. •• • • 3,171 3,065 6 Exeter and Crediton • ..... • • ..• • • • • - - 22 Furness Railway ........ ...... - 218833% Great Northern a dSouth-Western- ...... 2 7 6 ,1 1 92 41 g ..7 6 N 203% „ .311 6,792 Great Southern and Western (Ireland) • 2. 29 2 „6 6 :2 1 2 2 2 9 , : 6 64 1 465 Great Western .. .. 25 q Irish South Eastern •••••• • • •• • • -.: •••• 7 ,133 6,632 286 90 La n cashireLLa n e d o sN t e o r rt a ha n en d rdn C y. a .. r r. i. k i . si s. h e . i .. r .... •. .. .. .. .. .. .. - - -- - td Cr .... 64,390 64,148 63 1 6 7 i London Liverpool ,allorthosby Western . and cm po/1„ ~ 53i London and Blackw all • ........• •• .. 1,357 1,441 183% London, Brightol, and South Coast.. 14,626 16,089 28914 London and South We5tern......... 14,639 16,279 60 Londonderry and Enniskillen ...... • • 784 792 Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock, &c. - - 173% Manchester, Sheffield,and Lincolnshiri 11,082 10,060 91 ,1 Manchester and South Junction .... .. 882 827 28 Maryport and Carlisle ........ •... „, 1,008 933 667 Midland .....- .................... 14,126 30,738 177 Midland Great Western (Irish) ..... 3,799 4,293 52 Monklands ...............• ...... _ 1,606 1,401 78 Newcastle and Car1i51e.............. 3,934 3,493 149 North British ••..• • • • .............. 5,909 5,965 233 Nut lb atafft. dolili la .•••...... .. .. . 7,736 6,942 47 North-Western ...... -__., ~ .... 1,007 891 50 Scottish Central .............; ...... 3,265 3,024 32 % Scottish Midland •••••••••• • • • • • • .. - - 29 Shrewsbury and Birmingham ••• • .. 1,680 1,605 48% Shrewsbury and Chester .......... - 3,212 2,968 30 Shropshire Union .................. 867 744 57 South Devon ,• • •............... _ „ 2,710 9,715 301• X South Eastern• •••• . • • .............. 19,488 21,884 171 South Wales .. ••..•••• • • - - _ _ _ 7,237 6,840 108 % South York., Doncaster, and Goole .. - - 4,317 4,707 1,579 1,536 77 Waterford and Limerick ........ .. .. 1,171 1,307 27 West Cornwall ...... ._ . „ __ „ 712 525 12 3(8 Whitehaven Junction ............... 513 393 682 York and Newcastle, and Berwick & York and North Midland & Leeds.. - - FOREIGN. 109 Dutch Rhenish .................... 3,269 2,439 344 Lyons and Mediterranean •......... 24,269 26,180 63 Montereau and Troyes ........... ••.. • - - - Namur and Liege .................. - - 545 Northern of France .........• •• • ... 44,451 40,013 - Orleans and Central 357 Paris and Lyons ........ - - ......... 42,687 41,150 - ~ Paris and Rouen. ................... - - 566 Paris and Strasburgh .... •• • • ..., .. 41,398 37,113 - nouen and Havr e .. ............ - 5 94 West and Nor th -We ft o f F rance • • ..,, 35,455 35,281 The judge for the new Court of Probate has not been announced. The act does not come into effect until the let January. A UVE tTiSEMENT.I SIGHT AND HEARING SPECPACLES POWERFUL TELESCOPES OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTITS GLASSES. —S. and B. Solomons, opticians, 39, Albemarle street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel, W. By her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and ex traordinary improvements in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Race-course, Opera, and Perspective Glasses, to know the distances. These Telescopes possess such extraordinary power that some, three and a-half inches, with an extra eye-piece will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars ; with the same telescope can be seen a person's countenance three-and-a-half miles distant and an object from 16 to 20 miles. For the waist coat-pocket, and are of larger, and all sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. The Royal Exhibition, 1851. —A valu able, newly-invented, very small, powerful, Waistcoat-pocket Glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known one and a-half mile distant. They answer every put , pose on the Race-course and at the Opera-houses. Country scenery and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera, Camp, Perspectiveiand Race-course Glasses, with wonderful powers. —lnvaluable preserving Spectacle „,Lenses of tb• greatest transparent power. The great advantage derived from this invention is, that vision impaired becomes pre served and strengthened and very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight at the most minute occupation —can see with those lenses of a much less magnifying power—and they do not require the frequent changes to' the dan gerous effects of further powerful assistance; Persons can be suited at the moif remote part of the world by send. iug one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a letter, and stating the dist nee from the eye they can read small grint with it, and those who have not'made use of spectacles by stating their ago. Deafness.—New. Discovery.—The Oz ganio Vibrator, an extraordinarily powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deatness, entirely different from all of ners, surpassing anything of the kind that has been, or prob ably can, be produced. Being of the same colour as the six in, is not perceptible. It enables deaf persons to hear distinct 1Y at churchaud at public assemblie- ; the unpleasant sensatic n of singing noises in the ears is entire! v removed, and it ail ores all the assistance that possibly could be desired.-39, Albe marle-street, Piccadilly.—Opposite the York note], W. BIRTHS. OS A SON. On the 30th inst., at Spencer House, the Countess Spencer. On the 29th inst., at 34, Hyde-park-gardens, the wife of Arthur Mills, Esq., M.P. ' .- 01P • DATIORTNR, On the 30th inst., at Hyde-vale, Blackheath, Mrs. Edgar Sydney. On the 29th inst., at 39, Pembridge Villas, W., the wife of John H. Pollen, Esq. MARRIED. Saterco4hlr,dEausqg.h, On the 29th inst., at St. Mary Abbots, Kensington, Mr. William Russell Bland, of Fleet-street, to Eliza Charlotte, only daughter of Mr. Greenway, of Kensington, of Clarendon ter of T. K. On the 29th inst ,at St- Mary 's, Richmond, William v ßo a trt, i, r o c t o ti n u d g Heath', Esq., of the Hermitage, Richmond, Surrey. DIED -shoinll,oftojAosllpche, Onth2tillie lirdtiv.,aradt cla3,lo.3flaanrfield-street, Cavendish. R. E. I. C. S. , aged 69. square,t 29th inst., Mr. Thomas Philpot, of 6, Victoria. I ce Mile-end-road, aud 49, Gra cechurch-street, solicitor, e '36 aped • ° On the 29th inst., at Hazlewood, Hertfordshire, Rick!. Sanderson, Esq., aged 73. On the 28th lust., at Surhiton-hill, George Fell, Esq., late of Heston Lodge, near Hounslow, and formerly of Piccadilly, aged 63. On the 26th inst., a t W oodland House, Bath, George Moger, Esq. Esq., On t agheed 26th inst., at 9, Gosveell-road, David Willi am s, 86. On the 27th inst., Mr. Wm. Gates, Deputy-Registrar of the Diocese of Pet, rborough, aged 78. - - LONDON: Printed and Published by MIIRDO YOUNG., of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Surt Office, NO. 112, Strand, i n the Precinct of the 'Savoy, in the county of Middlesex, S a t ur d ay , October 31, 11357.