The Sun. — London, England, 1840-12-25 00:00:00

EVENING ED rioN TITE'cITUZIFTTA rintlsTmA:.4. • TL; shepl.cide ; eroi shell I sleet ha ? My God, no hymn for Thee ?"—HERBIIRT. The ceremonies which take place on Christmas Eve lite of a most pleasing character, and serve to amuse us to this dreary season of midwinter, These old customs should never be forgotten, for there is much goodness pervading them all ; end if the rich and poor would thus b e periodically brought together in harmless festive much gloom and discontent would disappear. Now the houses and churelies stuck up with evergreens tend their beautiful berries--the merry carols sung about the streets and in the villages—the waits, or night teue're—the cheerful bells, which begin their peal at Mid n i g ht to hail the birth day of Hiss whom all true Christians regard as the s.:lvator of mankind—are na. !urally caleuleted to impress the imagination with Joyou s ideas of the most lively sort ; and these arc in no small degree enhanced by the very numerous early recollections of clef.!hood with which Christmas and its festivities are connected. Christmas carols continue now to be sung, and some Of them arc an excellent means of handing down Catho lic Christian truth among the humbler classes. The Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge publishes several sets of carols, and it would be well if jt would publish some of the older kind, such as " The Black Decree," " Ye mortals all," " The Holy Well," " 0 fair Jerusalem," and, above all, an ancient one called " The Slumbering Sleeper." The " Carnal and the Crake' is an old and very singular production. It is said that the " Glory be to God on high," sung by th e angels to the shepherds at our Lord's nativity, was the earliest Christmas carol. The word" carol" is from teratare, to sing, and rota, an interjection of joy. In Lond o n the bellman gives about a large paper of verses concerning the nativity, which is ornamented with prints of the Saints and the Holy Family. A Christmas poet "Now, too, is heard The poor but pious minsled, through the streets, With carol new : and oft, amid the gloom Of midnight hours, prevail the accustomed scund Of wakeful waits whose melody, composed Of hautboy, organ, violin, and flute, And varicus other instruments of mirth, Is meant to celebrate the coming time." The festival of Christmas is the greatest of all the feasts of the year. In the Roman Catholic Church, at Midnight, between the vigil and the festival of Christ bias, the mass is celebrated, and the solemnity of the sa- Orifice is greatly increased by the time of its occurrence. Imagine the solemn sounds of the great cathedral bell is the large European cities, succeeding the merry ring ing of Christmas Eve, and then the choir lighted up in all its pomp for the celebration of masses on the dawn of the nativity, the who!e church ornamented with ivy and holly berries, and the full voices of the whole congrega tion singing the Adeste Fideles. The following well kticown lines of our northern bard relates to the mid bight mass, and to the festival of this hallowed season : " On Christmas Eve the bells were rung ; Oa Christmas! Eve the mass was sung : That only night in all the year Sae the stoled priest the chalice rear. • The damsel torin'd her kirtle sheen, The hall was dressed with holly green ; Forth to the woods the merry men go, To gather in the misletoc. Then opened wide the baron's hall To vassal, tenant, serf, and all l" The custom of annual donations at Christmas and on New Year's Day is very ancient, being copied by the Christians from the Polytheists of Rome, at the time the public religion was changed. These presents, now-a-days, are more commonly made on the morrow of Christmas. From this circumstance the ft stival of St. Stephen's has got the nickname of Christmas Boxing-day, and, by corruption, Boxing-day. In London and in many Parts of Europe large families and establishments keep regular lists of tradesmen's servants, apprentices, and tither persons, wko come about, making a sort of annual claim on them for a Christmas-box on this day. But this season is par ticularly dear to children, who anxiously count on their little Christmas-boxes for months be forebard. So, in the kinder lird of Child's song :- 4 Now Christmas is come, and Psppy's come home, With a peg-top for Tommie, a hussif for Sue, A new bag of marbles for Dick, and fur Joan A workbox ; for Pheehe a bow for her shoe; For Cicely, singing, a humming-top comes ; For dull drowsie Marie a sleeping tap meet; For Ben, Ned, and Harry a fi4.e and two dean's; For Jeenie a box of nice sugar-plumbs sweet." Quotations at great length, and most apt to the subject, might be meth: (rem old and modern English authors on the subjt ct of no cry and sacred Christmas ; had we have now at our tongue's end much from Her rick, Milton, Herbert, Ste utt's collection, Bishop, He ber, Washirigo n, Irving, &:., indeed requiring stern 'elf-denial to pass them by, but we do so, judging that the strains of these would not Le new to any one of our readers. But pardon, perhaps, may arait an extract from that beautiful work, " The Cathedral ;" and the public lawn surely bless the name of Williams often as they Peruse the enchanting book. Here he sings : " The Chr ismas dawn. She thro' the warming night Her leaning child bath to that cradle led, And bids him all unlearn but the meek sight, And Heaven's own lesson, of the homely shed, The babe and mother. Nature now is dead, And darksonie ; but in wintry skies is set, A wreath that glitters o'er that infant's head, Her fairest stars are round His cradle met, Like gems of light within his kingly coronet." And, to show what a meditative effect these ancient Customs may exercise over the hearts and minds of those least dispose d to sacred things, we hear the adverse voice of poor Charles Lamb thus exclaiming, " The elders With whom I was brought up were of a character not likely to let slip the sacred observance of any old insti tution ; and the ringing out of the old year was ke p t by them with circumstances of peculiar ceremony. In those days the sound of those midnight chimes, though it seemed to rouse hilarity in all around me, never failed to bri ng a train of pensive imagery to my fancy. Yet I then scarce conceived what it meant, or thought of it as a reckoning that concerned me. Not childhood alone, but th e young man till thirty, never feels practically that he is mortal. He knows it indeed, and, if need Were, he could preach a homily on the fragilities of life : but he brings it not home to himself. But now, shall I confess a truth ? I feel these audits but too power lully." And, then, with what imaginative power does Poor Lamb discourse cn the horrors of death ! The !election must come upon all of us, after all, in serious feeling that the commemorative institutions of our fore 14thers are not things to be contemned or lightly esteemed, and the " new lights" of this frivolous age Will ill supply their place, or do their work of leading us to meditation and repose half as well. In the northern parts of England the time of Christ mas is celebrated with right good wassail and glee, and the religious services of the holy day are well attended ; indeed, the churches arc crammed. But in the Isle of ken one of the most interesting festivals is still fully Preserved. A writer in Fraser's Magazine for May last, evidently a truthful and observing communic ant of curi ous f ac ts connected with that minimum of an isle, t hus informs us :—.`rhere is a singular and ancient custom preserved on the island, which is known by the name of the Eail Voirrey,' the words in the Manx tongue for ' Mary's Night.' It is probably older th an Popery, and therefore may be religiously observed as a sacred institution of' the primitive fathers. Oa Christ• tuas Eve, or Mary's Night, the people assemble in vast aumbers at the parish church, where the solemn Liturgy is duly read and a sermon preached, and afterwards the People remain in the church, singing carols even until Midnight." The writer then goes on to describe the orders of the people who assemble, the composition of the carols, its uses and abuses ; but we can only at pre sent refer the reader to the entire article, entitled " The Church in the Isle of Man," and we promise him that he will find interest in a close perusal of it. And now, Christian gentlemen of England, do not tur n away the merry carol boys and carol girls from your hospitable doors. Let your charities have respect to all, and while the dependants of your ancestral halls are carousing around the yule log, think kindly also of them who are without. Let the sour Dissenters sneer, but be assured much holy gospel is learned from carols. There can be no harm in singing " Christ " from one card of the country to the other—yea, with St. Paul, we should rejoice. Speak kindly and profitably to young and old around you,tor, says George Herbert,' pleasant ness of disposition is a great key to do good." All men hate perpetual severity, and therefore our Mother Chur c h does well to draw forth our mirthful affections is sayings and doings of goodness. Este perpetua I AY, even as you look out upon your winter gardens of holly, yew, and box, and your groves of laurel, laures tine, and bays, with the clumps and avenues of lofty Pines, firs, cedars, and cypress, forget not the pleading of the fair poetess : " A suppliant to your window comes Who trusts your faith, and fears no guile: He claims a dmittance for your crumbs, And reads his passport in your smile. " For cold and cheerless is the day, And he has sought the hedges round ; No berry hangs upon the spray, Nor worm nor arts' eggs can be found. " Secure his suit will be preferred, No fears his slender feet deter ; For sacred is the household bird, That wears the orange stomacher." Dear readers, such are the delights of the wintry day s , a nd may you long live to use them with gratitude and, joy. A merry Christmas and a happy new year to all and each of you : be mindful of yourselves, and remember the poor. CHRISTIANUS CATHOLICUS. December, 1840.—Morning Post. The Earl and Countess of Warwick, accompanied by Lord Broke, and Lady Caroline Neeld, have arrived at Warwick Castle, from St. Leonard's, where they have been passing several weeks. The Earl of Ilchester, with Viscount Stavor dale and Lady Caroline Strangwayes, arrived at Paris lsst week, from a tour in Italy. The Noble Earl shortly leaves gai Franck fapital for this country. ALMANACS FOR 1841. Tiik; BRITISH NEW ITE-4TIiLIZAL.RANA BY ORION, A M.G. This little publication contains predictions of the weather for every day throughout the year 1841 ; the rise, height, and fall of the barometer and thermometer, with many wonderful predictions of storms, floods, &c., on the principle of solar, lunar, and planetary reflection. In addition to the Alma nac is a curious treatise on astro-meteorology, and on the proportional quantities of matter combined in the several bodies of the solar system, together with a list of predictions which have been re markably fulfilled. The predictions and fulfilment are given under separate heads thus: — PRE DI CTION.—M ARCH, 1839.—" This month is ushered in with very powerful aspects of the stars, &c. ; will cause very stormy, cold weather, &c., with very severe snow storms, and frost. Nights of the sth and 6th remarkable for very hard frosC—Stamford Mer cury, Feb. 22, 1839. FULFILMENT. - " London has been 'visited for the last three slays with easterly winds and frosts, as bitter as the depth of winter." " This afternoon there is a heavy fall of snow, with an easterly gale."—Sun, Wednesday, March 6, 1839. EXACT PREDICTION OF THE GREAT EARTHQUAKE IN INDIA. PREDICTION.--" And the position of the ponderous orb of Stturn will most assuredly cause some very se vere shocks of earthquake this month (March, 1839) ; these phznomena are the most likely about the 13th and 24th days."—Staiqford Mercury, Feb. 22, 1839. FULFILMENT.—" Letters from India give the details of a❑ awful earthquake which visited Ava, Isagain, Amerapoore, and other Indian cities, on the 23d of March last."—Slaniford Mercury, Oct. 4, 1839. MACKENZIE'S REPORT OF THE WEA THER, FOR THE YEAR 1841. It is satisfactory to be able to state, that the point of commencement of the Weather Year, assumed by the author more than forty years ago, or previous to begin ning his Register of the Weather in 1802, and an nounced in a publication on the system of the weather in 1818, at Edinburgh, has at last been acknowledged as correct by the scientific men of the present day, as appears from the proceedings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, at a meeting held at Birmingham in the autumn of 1839, of which an account was given in the Athenceum of 31st August last. The author has further to state, that, in consequence of his explanations of the first cycle of the weather to the most eminent men of science in Edinburgh, winter 1818, the following, amorg other allusions to the cycle, appeared in the Edinburgh Review for June of that year, viz.—" When the science of meteorology is more advanced, we shall, r erhaps, by discovering a glimpse of those vast cycles which result from the va•icd as• poets of the sun, combined with the feebler influence of the mcon, be enabled at last to predict, with some de gree of probability, the condition of future seasons." In subsequent years, the vast cycles of the weather were discovered by the author, and the reader is left to judge whether the condition of the future seasons is not now predicted with far greater accuracy than is implied in the extract. The statement in the extract was at the time a large admission as to the probable truth of the new science, in respect of which the learned were, till then, in despair of any discovery being ever made in this deoartment of nature. It will be seen, from the following account of the weather for November and December, that Mr. Mackenzie correctly foretold the hurricanes in both these months. It appears also that January and Fe bruary have the same character WINTER SEASON.—November, 1840.—With the first of this month commences the weather year, the winter season, and the winter quarter. In general cha racter, this month promises to be very windy, rather frosty, and about average ruin. December, 1840— Also windy, rather clear, frosty, snowy, cold. Janu ary, 1841—Very windy, rather frosty, snowy. WIN TER QUARTER.—Very windy, rather clear, cold, frosty, snowy ; the quantity of rain, including sraw, a full average. February—Generally cloudy, cool, frosty, rather wet. March—Windy, rather clear and rather frosty, snowy, dry, with a good many very flee days April—Generally, cloudy, frosty, snowy, and rattle, wet, yet considerable number of very fine days! Am biguous. Every month of this season promises an over average cf hard frosty days ; yet none of them are likely to equal in severity the January and February 1838. Nevertheless, winter 1841 will prove the nost wearisome experienced for many years. LITERATURE. CA TTER.2IIOLE' S lIISTORICAL ANNUAL Longman, London, 184 t. The object which the Editor has proposed to himself by the publication of this volume — namely, "to raise a very attractive class of works, the Annuals, into a highei field of literary design, without depriving them"—we quote the words of his advertisement—" of those charms of novelty and grace which have so long secured to them the public favour," is one that deserves every encouragement: Heaven knows, many of the Annuals are flimsy enough, however gracefully got up ; and, what is worse, some of them foster a sickly, sentimental taste in literature, detrimental.to a healthy judgment. They appeal, for the most part, to the mere fastidious fancies of the drawing-room, and in their attempts at the pathetic or impassioned —to which they are grievously addicted—exhibit rather conventional feeling, than the genuine, unso phisticated feeling of nature. The " Historical An nual" however is quite of a different order. It sounds a higher key-note ; expatiates over an ampler and worthier literary field ; and we therefore give it a cordial welcome. The various plates are in happy accordance with the text they illustrate, and which is the history of the civil war in England ; and when we add that the original sketches have been all furnished by Cattermole, we have, we con ceive, said quite enough, to ensure them the favour able suffrages of the public ; for this artist has a high idea of the capabilities of his art, and infuses more of the true historical spirit into his designs, because he apprehends it better, than almost any contemporary painter. There is a singular energy of expression and character thrown into his sketch, entitled " Republican Preaching." The scene is the interior of a cathedral. A fanatical Round head, probably one of Cromwell's band of Iron sides, is fulminating from the pulpit against the King's party, the Cavaliers ; and around him are a party of kindred spirits, some standing, others sit ting, but all equally intent upon the preacher, and all armed to the teeth. How various, yet how strictly appropriate is the expression of these men's countenances ! One wears a stern, bold scowl upon his brow ; another, whose fanaticism is of a gentler character, though quite as decided, is sitting with eyes meekly upturned, as though wrapt in spiritual intercom se with Heaven ; a third is smoking his pipe and playing with his musket, evidently con temptuous of all external religious observances ; and a fourth, satisfied that he is in the right path of grace, looks on with an air of sullen indderence, as though the preacher's suppli cations to Heaven for mercy were, so far as lie is concerned, quite superfluous. These were the men, and this the spirit, that, guided and fostered by Cromwell, crushed—annihilated—some of the bravest armies that ever entered on the field of bat tle. The English fanatics fought and conquered, precisely for the same reasons, and under the same influence, that the earlier Saracens did. They felt that victory ensured them salvation ; and that the straightest and shortest road to Paradise lay across fields strewn with the bodies of the Royalists. Hence they were terribly in earnest—to a degree indeed bordering on actual insanity ; and every one knows that in all the great events of life, earnestness is the true secret of success. Mrs. Hutchinson, in her fascinating Memoirs of her Roundhead husband, has abundantly illustrated this truth. " Storming of Bristol" deserves notice, if only for the skill and care with which every part of the picture is filled up. The figures are numerous, yet there is no crowding—no confusion. The solitary horseman in the foreground who is pointing with his sword to the walls of the beleaguered city, and urging his troops onwards, contributes greatly to the effect of the picture. The " Queen at Burlington" is chiefly remarkable for the mastery over spa?e which it displays, and which even Martin himself has not dten surpassed. The eye ranges over a prospect apparently wi thout end or limit, and its extent is shown by the various objects in perspective, whose appearance is dim or distinct, enlarged or dimi nished, according as they approach to, or recede from, the spectator. " Death of the Earl of Nor thampton" is a vigorous battle-scene, like one of Cooper's, and the leadin g incident is in keeping with historical truth. The literary contents of the volume are unobjectionable, in point of manner ; but we demur to some portion of the matter, mole especially to the whose Archbishop L d a it u o c r l's se t e r m ia s l and execution, or character the L unwarr anted predilection. t o entertain a very Lord Crewe left Mivart s Hotel on Wednesday, for Teddeeley Park, Staffold.bire, on a visit to Lord rind Lady Hatherton, who entertain a distinguished party at their seat during Christmas. LATEST FROM AMERICA. (Further extracts from the American Papers.) PROSPECTS or BUSINESS.—The cotton manufactu rers are now doing an elegant business. Their fabrics have risen from 15 to 20 per cent. within a couple of months, and those establishments which were best ma naged were doing well enough before this advance. There is still a tendency to farther improvement, for the manufacturers have many of them engd a h ge a-head, all they can make for weeks to co me ; yet the demand is not slackened, and the spring trade remains in pros spect. The raw material is still low, and the difficul ties in Europe indicate that no great change for the better is to be soon expected. The woollen manufac turers are getting upon their feet again, and beginning to make something. The leather trade is in an excel lent way, as hides have advanced within a few months 25 per cent. Manufacturing, in all its branches, is getting on finely. The shipping interest has reaped a golden harvest during the past year, and is in a good condition for carrying off the immense products of 1840, which are loading the seaboard. The importa tions from Europe have been sold, on landing, to a very great extent, and at great profits. The China mer chants have made their fortunes, and can afford to re lire. Our agricultural interests are in a very healthy state ; for, although prices are rather low, produce is abundant, and half a dollar buys as many comforts now as three-quarters did five years ago. On the whole, no country had ever finer prospects than ours for money making, which, after all, is thought much more of than it deserves. Credit is good, money is plenty, every movement is turning to good account. If for twelve months to come we rise as we have for the twelve months past, we shall stand upon an elevation from which we shall forget all our troubles.—Journal of Commerce. COAST RELIEF.—We understand that the same praiseworthy exertions will be made this winter as were last, and the winter of 1838, In relieve vessels in dis tress on our coast. The cutter Jackson has been placed under the command of Lieutenant A. V. Fraser, who, with Lieutenants Chaddock, Bushwood, and Stull, have again volunteered their service to cruise constantly be tween Capes Cod and Hatteras, during the stormy win ter months, to relieve merchant vessels. She will sail in a week hence. The coast relief is of the utmost im portance to our mercantile marine. Vessels have been relieved by Lieutenant Frazer, when he had the Wash ington, that would no doubt have been lost, and per haps with those on board, had he not supplied them with men and provisions. And in one or two instances he boarded ships at sea, one the packet-ship Rochester, the crews of which were in a state of mutiny. We hope that not only one but two or three cutters will be dis patched on the same business—and thus form what is so much wanted, a home squadron. FROZEN TO DEATIL—A letter published in the Bay State Democrat, dated Wiscasset, December 3, says— " Schooner Tiber, Brookings, arrived here last evening, picked up yesterday, off Seguin, a boat with three men end two boys in her ; one of the latter was frozen to death. They belonged to a small schooner bound to Waldoborough, which was upset in the squall on Mon day night. The feet of the captain and the boy are badly frozen." ANOTHER.—Mr. Jacob Fowler, a young man about 22 years of age, left the schooner Deposite, lying at Bartlett's Cove, Newbury, in a small boat, on Saturday eveni g, about seven o'clock, intending to visit his friends in Salisbury. In the morning a boat with a man in it was discovered in the middle of the river, a short distance above the Essex Merrimack bridge, locked in she thin ice which bad made during the night. Same persons immediately put off from the shore, and found it to be the body of Fowler, entirely lifeless, and frozen stiff. He probably became so chilled as to lose the command of his boat, and not being able to make him self heard so as to bring assistance from the shore, perished in the course of the night from the cold.— Nettiburyport Herald. A BLOODLESS DUEL.—The Boston Mercantile Journal gives the particulars of a bloodless duel which recently came off at Lancaster, Mess. The chal lenger was a young gentleman belonging to New York, t student at the Literary Institution in Lancaster. The challenged was a resident of the village. As the party having a right to the choice of weapons, the vil lager selected cow-bides, to which the challenger de tnurred. Pistols were at length fixed upon, and at the first fire the pillager fell. The challenger bade Min a long good night, and with all proper and usual marks contrition, made tracks for New Yodz. The dead Irian got up and went to breakfast, having male pre vious arrangements with the seconds that the expense if bullets should be saved in charging the pistols. ANECDOTE OF JOHN ADAMS.—We find in Whit ney's History of the town of Quincy, Mass, the fol. !owing anecdote of the boy hood of the elder Adams, which may provoke a smile, as well as illustrate the economy and simplicity of those early times in New- England. The public school in Quincy was taught for many years by a Mrs. Belcher—" It was a custom with her to carry her corn to mill herself, except when some one of her scholars lent her a helping hand. John Adams (one of the number) afterwards President of the United States, was a favourite among the res , , and when he carried the corn, she gave him as a reward three coppers, and charged him at the same time to keep his money to buy land with. It is unnecessary to add how well he profited by early instrustion.” A THIEF In WAITING.-Some few weeks since, a gentleman named J. Ci arm, was robbed at the North American Hotel, of his pantaloons, in the pockets of which was his watch worth $lOO, and a pocket book containing upwards of $3OO in money. Officer Bow yer has been on the tract of the thief till yesterday, when lie was trapped and part of the stolen property found on him. The whereabouts of Mr. Crane net being known to the police, it is hoped that this notice will attract his attention, and induce him to call on Mr. Bowyer and identify his property, and thus aid in effectually securing the thief for State service. A SINGULAR MESSENGER,—A Correspondent of the New London Advertiser states that when the ship General Williams (just returned to that port from a whaling voyage) was in latitude 44.27 S., longitude shout 150 E., on the 13th of April, 1839, an albatross was shot, with a piece of wood attached to its neck by an iron chain, with the following inscription on it, " S. Gid. Howland, Baker, (on the reverse) 120 days out. 100 bar." The ship Gideon Howland, Baker, sailed from New Bedford the 6th of December, 1838, for the Pacific, and the bird must have been shot a few days after it was set at liberty by her crew. FIRES.—The fire yesterday morning, at one o'clock, was in the five story brick store corner of Moore and Front-streets. It was occupied by James S. Brown, and the second story by Gilchrist and Co. Two thou sand barrels of flour stored in the building were de stroyed. It was partly owned by Suydam, Sage, and Co. J. S. Brown, and Gilchrist and Co., are fully in sured to $20,000 we understand, at several offices in Wall-street. The building belonged to the estate of G. Lorillard. Store No. 4, Front-street, occupied by N. Randolph and Co. and Birdsall and Case, was com pletely crushed in by the falling of a wall. FIRE AT ZANESVILLE, °MO.—The extensive Wool len, weaving, and cording establishment of Messrs. Darsc, Zanesville, was destroyed by fire on Tuesday last. Some of the machinery, and most of the wool and goods in the establishment were saved. Loss $lO,OOO. No insurance. BETTER TIMES—LAND Ho !—Twelve marriages took place on Wednesday last—ten were Gentile and two were Jewish. Success to matrimony. Thanks to General Harrison—all owing to him. Seer MURDER.—Two more suicides have taken place since our last notice—a young woman at Chester, Penn., who cut her own throat, and Rejoice Newton, of Hartford, who drowned himself. Among the ancient Jews only two ever committed suicide—Saul, the King and Jude slscariot. LIST of PASSENGERS per GREAT WESTERN. Mr. and Mrs. Buchanan, Mr. and Mrs. Reeves, Miss Emily Reeves, Dr. Burrough, Mr. Popple, Mr. Hol ford, Mr. Child, Mr. Ohlsin, H. P. Page, E. Fabre giutte, W. Kenruk, fir. Windsor, R. Davis, Janus Fox, Mr. and Mrs. Ilurst, Sarah Hurst, Mary A. Hurst, Miss Maly Britton, Miss Bogard, Miss Hawkes, G. B. Syms, F. Tryon, John Cryder, Dr. Rand&ph and servant, Geo. B. Hodges, Mr. Esdale, E. G. King, R. F. Mait land, James Dougail, Mr. Wadsworth, Mr. Trench, Mr. Ducane, Mr. Whiteford, Sivens, Brouster, Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, Lt. E. S. Glinn, P. Billier, James Booth, S. P. Morris, Mr. Brand, H. Patterson, T. Frazer, Mr. Kelly, Mr. Swain, Dr. R. W. Bush, Mr. Grindley, Henri Fonsans, G. B. Morewood, Chas. Cartledge, Col. Hurst and servant, Capt. Lee (with despatches), Cap:. M.Donald, Col. Taylor, Mr. Beckwith, Mr. Murray, George Westenholin, Bayard Clarke, Sarni. Nicholls, Mr. Heath, Mr. Rigby, and Mr. Schumcha. LOG OF THE GREAT WESTERN. Dec. 9.—Wind variable.—At 1. 10 P.M. left the wharf, light breezes and floe. 10 —:Wind S. W , variable.—Light breezes and cl oud y.. 11. —Wind N. W..—Moderate and fine, increased to fresh gales and snow squalls, sea rising fast. 12.—Wind ditto.—Fresh gale, strong squalls, hail and sleet, north-west breaking sea—moderating. 13 —Wind S. E. to S. S.W.—Moderate breezes and cloudy, fresh breezes and squally. 1-I.—Wind S. S. W., variable.—Fresh gales and hazy with raiti, northeast _swell, light winds and thick fog. . „ 15.—Wind W.—Light breezes and foggy, cross swell, fresh breezes and dark cloudy weather. 16.—Wind N. W.—S rong breezes and squally, light showers, south-west swell. 17.—Wind ditto to N.—Fresh breezes, passing slualls and rain, south. west swell. 18.—Wind N. E. to E.—Fresh breezes and hazy, a long south-cast swell, light winds and passing squalls with r,iin. lg.—Wind ditto.--Light breezes with passing squalls and rain, easterly swell, moderate I,nd cloudy with rain. 20.—Wind E.N. E. to E.—Storg freezes and cloudy, moderate gales and cloudy ; down yards and topmasts, in jib-boom ; passing squalls. 20.—Wind E. S. E. to E.N.E.—Strong breezes and heading seas, fresh gale, at times light showers. 22. __Wind S.E. to E.—Strong breezes and squally, with I! ai , , rain, and sleet. At 10.30 A. M. observed a barque in the south-west, with ensign union down ; bore up and supplied the Northumberland, of Shields, with pro- . , TH E SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1810. visions. Strong squalls and dark hazy weather, with sleet at times. 23 —Wind E.S.E.—Fresh breezes and dark hazy weather. At 5.25 P.M. observed Lundy light vessel. 24 —Wind E.—Strong breezes and squally, with dark hazy weather. At 4 r.m. anchored at King Road. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. We have received by the Lisbon mail copies of vari ous documents published by the Portuguese Govern ment in reference to the negotiations with Spain on the navigation of the Douro, the principal contents of which we will endeavour to giie in a condensed account. It is necessary to begin with a translation of the original treaty. CONVENTION FOR THE FREE NAVIGATION OF THE DOURO. Their Majesties the Most Faithful Queen Donna Queen Regent of Spain during Mariathe minority Segunda o and her the daughter Donna Isabel Segunda, desiring to give all possible extension to the reciprocal commerce bet r;een the two States by the free navigation of the rivers common to both, and recognizing that this advantageous principle is applicable to the Rio Douro, have determined to conclude a convention for the regu lation of that important object, and have appointed as Plenipotentiaries, &c. &c. &c.; which Plenipotentiaries, after conferring together, and exchanging their full powers, have agreed upon the following articles : " Article 1. The navigation of the river Douro is declared free to the subjects of both Crowns, without any restriction or special condition more favourable to the (me than the other, throughout the whole extent in which it may now be navigable, or may hereafter be navigable. " 2 The two high contracting parties engage by the present article to keep the navigation of the Douro uninterrupted, and in the state in which it now i s , each in the respective part of its territory ; and they, moreover promisa to endeavour efficaciously to improve, in every possible manner, the said navigation. " 3. The duties for the navigation and its system of police shall be determined by means of a tariff and regulation, the terms of which shall be uniform and perfectly equal with respect to the subjects of both Crowns, in conformity with the practice established between nations enjoying the use of the waters of the same river. " 4. To form the tarif and regulation mentioned in ti.e proceeding article there will be created a mixed commission composed of four Commissioners, two of horn must be Portuguese and two Spaniards, appointed by their respective Governments. "5. The said mixed Commission will assemble within the term of one month at the latest after exchange of the ratifications of the present Convention; in that point of the territory of her Most Faithful Majesty or of her Catholic Majesty which in the judgment of the two Governments may appear most convenient for fa cilitating their labours. " 6. Neither of the respective Governments can aug ment the navigation duties fixed by the tarifa of the mixed Commission, except by common accord, on the same being judged convenient, nor can either impose, under any other denomination whatsoever any new duty to be borne by the navigators. " 7. The two high contracting parties engage by the present article not to concede any exclusive privilege for conveyance by the Douro of merchandise or persons, and to leave the same always open to competition. " S. tier Most Faithful Majesty engages to take the necessary measures to establish in the city of Oporto a place of deposit for all the produce and merchandise brought from Spain and destined for foreign trade, or for being introduced into the coast of the Spanish Pe ninsula. The merchandise thus deposited shall pay to the Government of her Most Faithful Majesty only the same low duty of deposit which is 11018 payable in the free ports of Lisbon and Oporto. Nevertheless, if it should be for the convenience of the commerce to intro duce into Portugal any of the said d 'posited'artieles of merchandise the admission and sale of which may be lawful, the same shall pay the custom-house duties p , ,yable by the most favoured nation, and in this case the deposit duty will not be exacted. " 9. fler Catholic Majesty engages, by the present article, to declare port of admission or pert of shipment that port which will now have to be provided in the environs of Fregeneda ; and the articles of lawful com merce introduced into that port from Portugal shall be subject to the same duties as are paid in the other ports of Spain. " 10. As to what concerns the custom duties, the mode of collection, the administrative and security re gulations for preventing frauds against the fiscal laws, each of the two respective Governments will proceed with rygit: - el to the said points in conformity with their natural independence, according to the method and form best suited to their interests. " 11. The tariff and regulation to which articles 3 and 4 refer shall, as soon as they may be approved by both contracting parties, be understood to form an into• gral part of the present Convention. " 12. The present Convention may be revised and rocthfied on the requisition of either the two contracting parties, after the lapse of 21 years from the date of the ratification. " 13. The ratifications shall be exchanged within the period of one month, or as soon as possible. In faith of which the respective Plenipotentiaries sign and seal the same with the seal of their arms, in Lisbon, August 31, 1835, " DUKE OF PALMELLA. EVARISTO PERES DE CASTRO." RATIFICATION. "Donna Maria," &c. (Here follows the preamble as before, and a copy of the treaty.) " The said Convention, the tenour of which is as above recited, being rresenttd to me, and all therein contained having been well reviewed, considered, and examined by me, after having heard the Council of State, I ratify and confirm it in all its parts , and by these presents give it for firm and valid, in order that it may and produce its du e (freet, promising on faith and Royal word to observe th e sa me, to execute and cause it to be executed and observed in every possible manner. In testimony and confirmation of the afore said, I cause to pass the present deed as b y me si g ned, passed with the appended seal of the R o y al arms, and re p o rted by the undersigned C o unsellor of State, Mi nister and Secretary of State. " Given in the Palace of the Necessidade s, Se p t. 20, 1835 THE QUEEN. " MARQUIS DE SALDANHA.." The documents which immediately follow the Con- . ve ntion and the recommendation consist chiefly of answe rs by cthtom-house offici a l s a nd commercial bod ies to references made to them on the effect of the proposed . _ . _ ariff and regulations. Th e C omm i ss i on o f Commerce and National Industry of th e c i ty of Oporto having been required to name Proper persons for the mixed Commission, under articles 3 and 4 of that convention, and also to point out in what way the greatest advan tages could be obtained from the treaty, makes a very long reply, in which four names are returned for the selection of Commissioners by the Government. With regard to the advantages which might be derived from the treaty, the Oporto Commission observes that som e very important considerations as to what could h ave been obtained might have been offered had an (*p er _ tunity been afforded previous to the ratification. T he tariff having been finally settled by the mixed C om . mission, we pass over the details of these answers, Th e re is not in this collection of p a p ers an y report made to the Cortes on the subject of the Treaty, b ut there is a recomm endation b y the diplomatic committeefor the adoption o f the tariff or regulation. The fi rst t i o ng the terms Portu guese tariff drawn up by the mixed Commission on th e 14th of April, 1836, was no t a pp roved of by the Portu g u ese G o vernment ; but the Commiss ioners afterwards met, and on the 9.3 d of May, 1840, agre ed u p on provisions c satisfactory ort to wasbo t I then hpeanr tfmd i r e a s. framed is the message following " Senhores,—The Convention of the 31st of August, 1835, on the navigation of the river Douro, havi ng been concluded and ratified , a mixed Commissi on o f Portuguese and Spaniards was appointed to fram e in conformity with what is stipulated in article 4 of the said Convention, the regulation necessary for the exe cution thereof. The regulation then framed being dis approved by the Government of her Majesty it was necessary to accede to the urgent applications of the Spanish Government to proceed to the framing of a new regulation, which was on the part of the Portuguese Government committed to the charge of r n Portu guese Commissioners of acknowledged capacity mod patriotism. " These Commissioners concurred with the Spanish Commissioners in the regulations which I have the honour to present to this Chamber, I mportant altera tions from the first have been made in it, and the intro duction of Spanish produce is restricted for the purpose of protecting our industry and our wine trade. " But as this regulation contains provisions which, iu virtue of the constitution of the Monarchy, require the approbation of the Cortes, it is my duty to submit the following proposition to the Chamber ;—, ~ , The Government is authorised to carry into execu tion the articles comprehended in titles 5 and 7, and in the respective tables of the regulation of the 28d1 of May, I s4o, which is to form part of the Convention sicined on the 31st of August, 1835, with the Spanish Government, for the free navigation of rho Douro. RO DRIGO DA FONSECA MAGALHAES. .. Office of the Secretory of State fo r n Foreig • Affairs, June 30, 1840. 1 " The police regulations and tariff of duties finally agreed to by the Commission is of great length. Its execution, of course, remains suspended until the pre sent dispute be settled.—Times. formed that a considerable number of a d venturous young RECRUITING FOR THE Nav y men have enrolled their names at D ouglas, to serve o n b oar d her Majesty's ships. — Mona's Herald. Y•—•We are in The Ino, of Shoreham, Captai n Clark, bound to Shoreham with a cargo of coals f rom the nort h, r un on shore at Beaehyhei.d in a snow storm on Friday evert ing about eight o'clock. Part of the cargo, we hear, has been discharged ; b u t the vessel has rece i ved cons id e rable `damage- -Brighton Gazette, BRUSSELS, DEC. 3.—Tne average price of wheat last week was 19f. 27c., that of Rye I If. 32c. A letter from Antwerp, 21st Dec., says—" The Soho steamer, from London, came yesterday at one o'clock in the afternoon, as far as Lillo, but it could not come up to the city on account of the ice. Captain Whit comb delivered the letters, end put to sea again ; it is supposed to go to Ostend, and land the goods which he brought. Sir Hamilton Seymour, the English Am bassador, had an audience of the King yesterday. The Senate yesterday discussed the articles of the budget of the department of foreign affairs to which it gave its assent." It seems that the Bavarian Government is very well satisfied with the cannon which is ordered at the foundry of Liege ; for scarcely has the first order for 150 been executed, when a second contract for 246 mortars of different kinds has just been signed at Liege - by the agents of the Bavarian Government. We learn that many foreign artillery officers arc loud,in their praises of the beauty and solidity of the cannon cast there. BELGIAN k UNDS—BaUtistms, DIIC. Actual Debt, 234 per Cent. Rethschild's Loan, 5 per Cant Loan of Thirty Millions, S per Cent. is 3 per Cent....... ... Thirty-seven ...... Loan of City, 1832, .1 per Ccnt. 9O Society ot Commerce, Csa per Cent llO Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent FS National Society . ..... •..• Exchange on London (short) —Brussels Papers, Dec. 23. COLD BLOODED MURDER. (From the Gazette des Tribunaux.) A landed proprietor, named Pierre Boisserie, was charged with the murder of a managing farmer in his employ, named Jean Paulard, under very aggravated circumstances. The widow and children of the de ceased had alsobreught a civil action to recover damages for the loss sustained by his death. It appeared that Pierre Boisserie, the prisoner, pos sessed a small estate at Serveles, in the commune of Cudare, and had employed a farmer to cultivate his lands and share their produce, named Jean Paulard, who had given up the farming -of the property since the Bth September, and engaged himself to another proprietor. There remained, however, some potatoes and other matters still to be divided between them, and Paulard was to go to Servales on a certain day to arrange the division of the potatoes, and carry away his portion. Previously to this it appeared that several altercations had taken place between Paulard and Bois serie. On one occasion, indeed, they had come to blows, and Boisserie was thrown down by his man, in consequence of which a good deal of animosity had con tinued to exist between them. The sth of October was the day fixed for the division of the potatoes, and on the morning of that day, as if by presentiment that some thing would happen, Paulard went to th. Mayor of the commune, and requested him to go to the potato field and be present at the division ; but unhappily his other avocations took the Mayor elsewhere, and he was obliged to refuse compliance with the request of Pau lard. About three o'clock in the afternoon Boisserie arrived in the field on horeback, followed by his ser vant and two witnesses, which he had had the precau tion to bring with him. Paulard had not yet arrived, and when the propietor came to the ground, the only person in Paulard's interest was his sister-in-law. Bois serie insisted upon proceeding with the business, but the siiter-in-law objected on the ground of Paulard not being present, and of his wish being that the division should take place in the presence of the Mayor. She, however, yielded to Boisserie, who urged that the division should proceed, and one sack was filled and put aside for Paulard, while a second was carried away into the house by the master. Oil his return he found Paulard on the ground, who complained and said all the potatoes ought to be carried into the house before the division was made. "They must be divided here," said Boisserie, " you shall hare your share ; you have got your share already." What do you mean by saying I have got my share ?" said Paulard, advancing towards his late employer with menacing looks. " Do not approach me." replied the !anti- ; " for, believe me, if you do, and if you dare to touch me, I am armed, and will blow your brains out." Paulard then retired, went back to the potatoes, and began to fill his baskets and empty them into the cart, while Boisserie stood near hint with a pistol in his hand. The next moment he fired and wounded Paulard in the abdomen. He immediately took flight, and the wounded man ran after him, but being mortally wounded, his strength soon failed him, and he fell exhausted to the ground. His wife, however, who was near him, pur sued the murderer, and would have overtaken him, but his servant threw her down and fell upon her ; upon which he returned and helped his servant to maltreat the unfortunate widow—for widow she almost was by this time, Paulard having breathed his last in less than forty-eight hours af,er this time. Besides a widow he left two very young children. The prisoner was defended by M. Saint-Luc-Cour borien, a young barrister, who lately quitted the stage for the bar. His brilliant speech called forth the well merited compliments of the Procureur-General and the President of the Court. The jury, after three-quarters of an hour's delibera tion, returned a verdict against the prisoner of guilty, but with extenuating circumstances ; and the Court sentenced him to six years' hard labour, the surveil lance of the police for life, and the payment of 5,000 f. dainAges (dommages interets) for the widow and child ren of the deceased :-I,ooof. for the widow, and 2,000 f. each for the two children. LOSS OF THE BRIG LOCHIEL, OF LONDON, ON THE NIAPLIN SAND. Captain Benjamin Garrick, of the brig Lochiel, of London, gives the following narrative of the loss and plunder of his vessel :—'• The brig Lochiel, of London, Benjamin Garrick, master, sailed from South Shields on Friday, the 1 fth of December, bound to London, and on the night of the 17th, at five r.m., during a gale of wind at E. and by S., with thick snow storms, ran on shore on the Alaplin Sand, about half a mile below the Shear's Beacon, the beacon bearing south. The SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS ship becoming very leaky I immediately ordered the boats to be got out, as on her striking, the sea making a fair breach over her, she fell on her beam-ends. The ship's company hung to her by a warp until the tide ebbed, when she got steady ; we then hauled up, and returned on board, leaving two hands in each boat to bale and keep them clear. 1 ordered a kedge anchor and warp to be put into the long-boat, to be ready in case of need. When we returned on board we could not render her any ser vice. We remained aboard until daylight, when seve ral smacks, to the number of eight, came and offered their services, which were accepted. They then took off the hatches and began to heave the coals out ; they also set both pumps on. They worked until twelve at noon, the weather then proving so boisterous that the sea went completely over her. They gave it up, as they found she was gaining on them. They, together with the ship's company, then had no hopes of saving their li ves . We, however, attempted to leave her. In order to do so, the ship's company, to the number of twelve, were divided amongst the smacks' eight boats. We were told by the smacksmen, that in consequence of their boats being so small, and the weather so bad, they could only take a few of their most valuable things ; which was done, and put into the boats, leaving out other things on board, in the hope of the weather moderating enough to afford us a chance of recovering them. But as soon as we had placed our things in the boat, the other smacks men that were on board went down below, breaking open the chests and lockers, and taking things out of t h e m, and leading their boats, with the exception of Cqtain E. Eagle, master of the smack George and Eliza, of Coichester, and Capt. Andrews , of the smack Fair iraveller, of Colchester, who would take nothing but what belonged to the men they had to take off, and endeavoured to take as many of my things with them as possible. They frequently reprimanded the other men for taking and appropriating to their own use the clothes of the shipwrecked sailors. My par ticular attention was drawn to several men in my own cabin whom I detected breaking open my chest, which contained things to the value of between 401. and 501., which they divided amongst themselves. I went down into the cabin, and they left off until I went on deck again. About 1 15 A. M., we left her, in cense quenca of the tide flowing over her, and the gale in creasing, with a terrific sea. We then proceeded into Sheerness for shelter. We left that place at. about ten P.M., and returned on the following morning to the wreck, where we arrived at six A.M. There were several smacks lying to by her. I then proceeded on board, and found her stripped of everything except the lower and topmast standing rigging. The crew of the Fair Traveller was engaged in getting and taking an anchor and chain, which we brought into Sheerness. I also found the crew of the smack Henry and Elizabeth, of Colchester, engaged in taking another anchor and chain ; th,!y refused to bring them in with me, and I was in. formed by them that there had been several boats on board of her, who had stripped her, but as it was be fore daylight, they could not see the names of the boats. We remained on board until ten, a.m., when, seeing no prospect of getting her off, the water being over her, and nothing further to be saved from her, we left for Sheerness, where I arrived at two, r.m." WARD OF FARAINGDoN WrniouT.--Yes terday the wardmote of Farringdon Without assembled, pursuant to adjournment, at the New Court, Old Bailey, . for the purpose of receiving the final decision of the Alder man, regarding the scrutiny demanded by Mr. Wells, one of the unsuccessful candidates on the previous day, and which is likely to lead to a long course of expensive litiga tion. There was a lengthened discussion, in the course of which Sir James Duke said that be had made up his mind to take the time allowed by law, in order that the greatest possible facility might be given to any gentleman who questioned the result of the poll, or the legality of the proceedings. A Gentleman asked the Alderman how long they would be without rerresentatives in the Com mon Council ? Sir James Duke said, to the best of his judgment, the contest would be decided in about a month. FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY. (From the Globe.) The power of commanding officers over those who constitute the regiments placed under their control is well nigh absolute ; while, in some instances at least the manner in which they exercise their authority is arbitrary and oppressive. Lord Cardigan has suc ceeded in illustrating the servile subjection in which even " officers and gentlemen" may be placed, if the Colonel, in the insolence of an overween ing conceit of his own importance, and relieved from apprehensions of personal consequences by the partial protection of the Horse Guards, forgets that men are something more than mere machines, and that subalterns have feelings which ought to be re spected, as well as duties which they arc bound to per form. The impunity with which the aristocrati c com mander of the 11th Hussars has been allowed to in dulge his peculiar presensities, notwithstanding the urgent applications of his victims for inquiry, and the loud, general, and indignant demand of the pub lic for rigorous investigation, will have some humble imitators of his mode of enforcing mi litary discipline and official respect. It is almost impossible that an example, rendered conspicuous by rank and sanctioned by tacit approbation at head-quar ters, should fail to influence kindred spirits, and raise un rivals in the pursuit of that distinction which his Lordship has obtained ; which, if it has not shed lustre on his name, has effectually prevented his command of the 15th Hussars from being consigned to oblivion.. Colonel Molyneux of the Bth Hussars, now sta tioned at Norwich, has taken a bolder flight. Not content with the amount of power he possesses as the commanding officer of a regiment, and the awe inspired by his rank and authority in those subjected to his command, he seeks an extension of submission, and ac tually demands that the " salute" which military law re quires, as an expression of homage, as the recognition of the presence of superior rack from inferiors in the ser vice, should be given, as an act of imperative obligation, by the police constables when on duty, as an act of ho ' mage to his rank, and not as the mere spontaneous ex pression of personal respect ? The Norwich and Bury Post of Wednesday has recorded, with a precision worthy of the occasion, the insolent demand of this mi litary martinet—which he had the presumption to urge upon the Magistrates when seated on the Bench in the administration of justice ! (From the Courier.) The French Papers of Tuesday have arrived, but they again present hardly any feature of interest or novelty. The Moniteur states officially that Lord Palmerston had sent a letter to the Lords of the Ad miralty ratifying the Convention agreed to at Alexan dria. It also states that the other Powers had made a similar communication. We find that, in spite of all the confident reports about the abandonment of the plan of fortifying Paris—or, as the French papers have it, the cwbastillesnent—the interruption to the works was caused solely by the cold, and that they have since been partially resumed. It is gratifying to us to see that the Journals are beginning to assume a somewhat more sober tone. There is an evident and striking diminution in the virulence and asperity of the Theirs and Guizot controversy, so that it is to be hoped the Journalists arc beginning to ace that all their bitterness and all their anxious aspirations after war and confusion have bccn utterly thrown away, and that the only effect of the inflated tone which has disgraced a portion of the French press, has been to alarm the timid, who might otherwise have been induced to give some sort of sanction to a well made out case for war. Nothing is yet settled about a loan. Indeed it is now said that nothing can be done in reference to it until the supplies are voted, which will not be for some months. The Chamber is principally occupied with the factory question, which, although looked to with much anxiety by the manufacturers, appears to attract but little attention in the Legislature. We do not think it would interest our readers were we to give the speeches made on the subject at any length, because the gist of all the arguments resolves itecif into the question whether manufacturers ought or ought not to be allowed to force the chil dren whom they employ to labour as long as they please. The difficulties connected with the question arc such that in England the Factory Bill has been post poned for two or three successive sessions, and it is not to be wondered, therefore, if there should be the same diversity of opinion in France. This point is well put by the Courrier Francais, which says— " No amelioration in these matters can come from the Chamber, which wants experience—which dislikes these economical questions, and abandons their solution to those organs of private interest that are so numerous. Intcre:As arc pleaded but not discussed. Thus oa Monday the sitting opened late, yet there was scarcely a house, not more than forty Deputies; not more than 150 in the very midst of the sitting ; and the whole 150 might have clubbed their wits without being able to con coct a good discourse on the subject before the Chamber The chiefs of parties were all absent." (From the Standard.) The project for fortifying Paris, bequeathed by M. Thiess to his successors in office, is likely to meet with some serious opposition. The King and his present Ministers have very prudently resigned the matter into the hands of the Chamber, and, us if desirous that the Tillers faction should have the task of nursing their own offspring, have taken care that M. Thiess, M. Odillon Barrot, and their friends, should constitute a majority on the Commission ap pointed to make the legislative preparations for the work. This exposes his Majesty and his Cabinet to the charge of indifference, and even of reluctance to take part in a proceeding which must lead to a cost of fusty or fifty millions ales ling! without holding out the least promiee of any equivalent good ; a charge which will pro bably be understood by wise men as involving a very high compliment. At present the Commission is divided as to the nature of the projected works ; one party contending for a continuous line of wall or rampart to encircle the city with bastions and small outworks at convenient intervials. The other party insists upon a circuit of strong detached forts, fourteen in num ber, surrounding the city. The advocates of the con tinuous line of wall or rampart argue that their plan will not place the capital at the mercy of any Go comment which may be disposed to abuse its power. They who recommend the chain of detached forts, on the other side, say that if a continuous line of wall or rampart will be little formidable to the liberties of the Parisians, it will be still less formidable to the enterprise of an invader, while it must cost at least four or five times as much as the system of defences which they propose. The question is properly a problem for military men ; but the least-informed in military science cannot fail to see that the chain of forts must be far more effectual, as far as mere defence is is concerned, while there can be no doubt of its cost ing a great deal less than the rival scheme. An enciente of less than twelve English miles would hardly embrace Paris, and as the width of this belt must be 600 or 700 yards of the most highly rented land in France, the bare purchase of the soil would probably amount to a greater sum than would be necessary to cover the whole cost of the fourteen forts which it is proposed to substitute, beside the great injury to the trade of the French metropolis, a consideration which has been already submitted to the Commission. The case, too. may be easily conceived, when an enemy havin pierced the barrier line—which any enemy strong enough to reach Paris could easily effect—the enclosure of the city within one wall might place it more absolutely in his power. Still the apprehensions for the safety of public liberty, of those who object to the chain of isolated fortresses, are not altogether groundless. Paris so invested would have little security for freedom, save in the good disposition of the Sovereign ; and it is to be feared that for a generation or two before us 1 must continue to be what it has hitherto been—the virtual France. CLERICAL INTELLIGENCE PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS. The Rev. John Winpenny, curate of Rothwell, and son of the Rev. R. C. Winpenny, vicar of Market Weighton, to the perpetual curacy of Yarm, in the North Riding. Patron, the Archbishop of York. The Rev. J. R. Rushton, B. D., curate and lecturer of Banbury, has been presented by the Lord Bishop of Ox ford to the perpetual curacy of Hooknorton, Oxen, vacant by the decease of the Rev. G. Turner, vicar of Spclsbury. The Rev. Francis Forster, Fellow of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, has been presented by the Master and Fellows of that Society to the Vicarage of Ridgcwell, Essex. Tho Rev. Matthew Wilkinson, M. A., lately principal of the Collegiate School, Huddersfield, was on the 11th inst. elected to succeed the Rev. W. 11. Whitworth, M. A., in the Head Mastership of the Proprietary School, Kensington. The Rev. W. Gresley, M. A., has been appointed an honorary canon in Lichfield Cathedral, under the late Act of Parliament. OBITUARY. At Colurnbo, the Rev. Joseph Knight, church mission ary, of Nelhure, Ceylon. At Clifton, near Penrith,:the Rev. John Robinson, D. D., rector of Clifton and Cliburo, one of her Majesty's Justices of the Peace, and Deputy-Lieutenant for the county of Westmoreland. At Ipswich, aged 44, the Rev. NV. B. Frost, late of Langharn. On the 15th inst., the Rev. Daniel Davies, of Clod deston, near Basingstoke, iu his 76th year. It is stated that, with the loss of her 'Majesty's brig Fairy, the ten years' scientific labours of the late Captain Hewett arc sacrificed, draught co pi es of his charts, dravk iegs, and marine observations never having been se cured by the Lords of the Admiralty, although it is said this service has cost the country 40,0001., and to the com pletion of which the trading marine were looking forward with every hope of advantage. CARLOW ELECTION. —A mistake, which is likely to prove fatal to the election of Colonel Bruen, has been made in the return sent to London. The Extermi nators are in a terrible panic. They know that if the battle is to be fought again, the can have no c hance of a suc cessful issue. M ore of this in our neat.—Dubliit Even ing Povi of last Tuesday, EVENING EDITION . 1 N -1 HE EMIGIULTI CLAS ES. (YROMACORRESPONDENTO However our distinguished statesmen, our dis tinguished aristocracy, our elevated prelates, our opulent landowners, may affect to despise the ad mitted dissatisfaction of the working classes with the principles and administration of Government, they will find it at last like the avalanche, long in collecting its materials, apparently forming a con stituent part of the mountain to which it is attached, but proportionate in its force to the mass of its ac cumulation, :and overwhelmin4 every obstacle, and covering every object beneath it with destruction in its fall. 'We repeat it—the separation of the work ing classes from the &her portions of the commu nity, and their deep, smouldering dissatisfaction with the Government of the empire, forms by far the most ominous sign of the times. W e observe that an obscure political scribbler, rabid in ultra-Toryism, has had the effrontery to ascribe to us the infection, if not of creating, at any rate of promotint• revolution, in the papers we have already published on the subject before us. We may safely leave this writer to be smothered in the stench of his own corruption. Revolution, for sooth ! They are the revolutionist s who engender and who aggravate the uncontrollable elements of popular discontent ; who kindle the spark of revolt by the clash of their own misgovernment, and then fan it into an irresistible flame. We maintain that instead of instigating and abetting even the very shade of revolution in these papers, we arc confer ring the greatest possible benefit upon the commu nity ; we are detecting and exposing the navology of the malady which, like an insidious gangrene, is festering upon the vitals of the national prosperity and security, that if possible we may discover its remedy and effect its cure. In our last article upon this topic we stated that one cause of the dissatisfaction prevalent among the working classes is to be found, not merely in their exclusion from the elective franchise, but in the ir ritating, the insulting reasons which are assigned for that exclusion. \),'e proceed now to remark that this dissatisfaction is bitterly increased by the mock remedies which are proposed by some of our influ ential, aye, and of our liberal and patriotic, states men, for the increasing distress produced among the industrious by low wages and the want of em ployment. We select one of these remedies as an example. Emigrate it is exclaimed ;"go to Canada, go to Australia, go to New Zealand, go any where, rather than stay at home, where the population is redundant, and the supply of labour is excessive." We shall nor hesitate to exhibit this emigration scheme precisely in the colours which intrinsically belong to it, as a combination of absurdity, injus tice, crushy, and selfishness. And first of ail, as to its absurdit . y. It is just as e absurd to desire tile industrious to migrate, as it is to desire health to leave the body, strength to depart from the frame, the life. blood to abandon the heart ; for the industrious constitute tile health of the political body, the strength of the political frame, the life-Wood of the political heart. Could we send away from out shores shiploads of our pro fligate aristocrats, of our toad-eating place-hunters, of our lazy sip rein ists, battened on the burdens of the country, of our political empirics, of our ecclesiastical drones, of our self-seeking " patriots," so that they might eat only the bread which they earned, all would be well; this would be as beneficial as the removing of unsightly excre scences and exhausting tumours from the corpo real fabric. But cause industry to emigrate, intelli gence to emigrate, useful labour to emigrate ! This is a species of mortal political depletion, which nothing but selfish infatuation can propose, and nothing but equally interested folly can defend. And then as to the injustice and cruelty of this emigration scheme. \\,' hat can be more unjast than for our bread-taxers to make the country miserable, and then to vociferate, " The land ..ve live in, and let those who don't like it leave it ?" Or what can be inure cruel than to expatriate those who have never offended—to sentence them to banishment because they have been made poor— to tear up by the roots their love of home, of kindred, of country, because they have been rendered the un consenting victims of a blind, unrighteous, and anti-patriotic legislation ? Away ! we exclaim, with this odious expedient ! Change the system of taxation Instead of drawing that taxation from the bowels of industry, extract it from pro perty ; because taxation is nothing but the price which property ought to pay for its protection. Let legislation cherish instead of oppressing labour. Let there be an equitable suffrage. And then go abroad who will, let the industrious remain at home, the vigour, the vitality, the opulence, and the ornament of the empire. On the 4/is/mess of the emigration scheme, we have no occasion to dilate. We put a case which we know—we say we know—actually exists at this hour, and we can produce our proof of if it be demanded. A few capitalists fix upon a tract of country, let it be supposed in Australasia, for specu tiou ; by a system of chicanery pecular to the sys tem, they obtain what they call a title to the land; but that land is unprofitable without emigration ; well, a colony is formed, then a neck-or-nothing newspaper is established in this country, to write up the colony by the most exaggerated statements, and either distorted or fabricated communications from the colonists ; what is technically called " the stream of emieration," begins to flow. The price of land rises—the land is sold—the speculators put their money into their pockets—their object is gained—and for aught they care, the mushroom co wry and the deluded emigrants may go to perditon. Here for the present we leave the subject. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S.-YESTEhDAY. The attendance was so thin, and business so slack, that it would be absurd to make any introductory remark] ; a list of the bets and oilers must suffice. DERBY. 13 to 1 agst Lord Bruce's Rosalie cult—offers to take 1.1 to 1 lti to 1 agst Lord Westminster's Marshal Soult— taken to 251. 22 to 1 agst Mr. Greville's Palremon—taken to 751. 28 to 1 agst the Duke of Rutland'a Sir Haus—taken to 101. 28 to 1 agst Lord Jersey's lot—taken to 101. 45 to 1 agst Col. Anson's Duke of Wellington—taker to 101. 1000 to 15 agst Lord Stradbroke's lot—taken 50 to 1 agst Mr. Greville's Jack Sheppard—taken and afterwards offered Harlock succeeds Turner as private trainer to Lord Exeter. THE NEW RIDING HOUSE, &c., AT WINDSOR. WINDSOR, THURSDAY EVENING.—It is the intention of her Majesty, acting upon the advice of her medical attendants, to take daily equestrian exercise in the new Riding School, as soon as that edifice shall have been completed and made fit for the reception of her Majesty. The late and continued frost has delayed considerably the progress of the workmen who were engaged in the plastering woik of the interior walls. These are the only portions of this part of the building which are in an unfinished state ; but a few days genial weather would enable the school to be perfected for the use of the &in. reign. Eighteen of her Majesty's saddle horses arrived at the Royal Mews, from Buckingham Palace, on the evening before the arrival of the Court at Windsor. The bil.iard table in the Castle, which has been but little used since the time of his late Majesty William IV. until the ilrrival of Prince Albert in February last, is now placed in the a p artment which was former l y t h e Equerries' waiting-room, an apartment close to the visitors' entrance, leadi ng t o t h e pr i vate sta ircase, having Ibeen approp r i ate d to the use of that port i on o f the Royal Household. the Royal Household to en j o y the game. It was the Albert, an d by The Co n a l 'i: nd a t Ch am b er l.' t the desire of Prince on the day lit•fore the Court arri ved at the Castle the lilt eornni of her Majesty , ordered gas to be laid on i n the billiard - room , and four ele g ant burners to be t u s peiCed from the ce ilin g over the table, in ord er t h a t hi s Royal highness m i g ht retire occasion-. ally in th e e v e ning v;ith hi s f riends and the members of wish of the Prince that the arran g ements should be perfected before his arrival yesterday ; but in conic quence attic shortness of the time allowed, the works w ill not be completed till to-morrow morning. TIIE W EAT II E R.—A more beautiful Christmas.. day we do not desire and have never enjoyed. There is health in the air this morning, joy and gladness in its c heery aspect ; Irhiist the sun, which shines with that spirit-giving brightness peculiar to a fine frosty morning, is suggestive of genial associations, and productiv e of the fulness of pleasure. Troops of people, too, with happy faces, throng the streets, and hundreds are scan wending their way, some to the parks, others to the social hearth. The. Earl and Countess of Beverley and the Ladies Percy have left town on a visit to the Earl and Countess of Jersey, at Middleton Patk, Oxon. WORKING El I