The Sun. — London, England, 1806-02-28 00:00:00

ENT. .iS r :(4-7:1,4', OF E o.l'g. THE DANGERS AND ADVANTAGES OF THE P4ESENT STATE OF EUROPE, 'IMPARTIALLY CONSIDERED : BY FRED. GENTZ, KNIGHT OF THE. ORDER OF THE SOLAR STAR, &C. &C. . . . . (Continued from our Paper @Ayes44.day.) A new order of things speedily began to unfold itself. England became cloSely ( conneefed . with Rus 7 - sia, by a treaty founded much less upon the particu lar interest of either Power, than on.the pure prin ciples, the nobler proje& of a general, equilibrium, a general conservation and prosperity. Through the medium of this treaty, England also linked her Self in a,community of with- Austria, who . had acceded to the treaty) and we should have seen her likewise united with Prussia, hadnot thefatal events of the month of December blasted . for the moment our fairest hopes, The Emperor of Russia was long before convinced, that the condua of the French Government, that the- monstrous preponderance it had acquired, that the efforts it was incessantly .'e'xerting to increase that preponderance, to the utter extinction of every other Power, were the sole cause and source of all the disturbances : and of all the suf ferings of Europe. , He. therefore conceived the _magnanimous design Of first eniploying his interven tion, and next the greater part of his forces, in sup port of the common interest of the different Powers, mid of seeking- greatness and glory not in unavail . ..ing conquests, .but in. the - confirmation •of social order, and the gratitude of his cotetnporaries. AuStria longer finding herself ahine, and de serted on all ""sides, emerged from her profbutid lethargy concerted with Russia, and. through Rus sia w ith- Euglzuld, the means of producing an essen . - fiat change in the' affairs , ofli c urop e =lt'ddisplayed for some months a resOlution vigorously announced, and energetically fbiloWed . up by, the most respea able mea4tres. PEnssill herself "cit is rio longer pos sible- to shut our eyes to that 'fatl, in spite of the fatal thiS - girm&confederacy); e - 'etisPrussia hid abjured her distressing 'neutrality, and' was most -cordially preparing to co-operate with the efforts of theConfQderate Courts. It already bespoke a lution, but little - expected in his p(ilitical system, to.. see the King of prussia induced to Offer up the most • ardent vows for the success of their arms and Their views;_ but what indisputably •proved the secret change which- had taken -place in his mode of think'-. ing and feeling, and carried him much further, was . the e-,trume tscility with which the Emperor of Russia had prevailed upon him to embark in the • commonenterpriie by a moSt soleMn treaty. By a strange concurrence of fatal circumstances, seconded perhaps by the perfidy of the instruments. that . were employed in the execution of the diplomatic part of the treaty,. this engagement proVeti, abortive. It is . not to be wondered at, if the Public, who are always upon such matters, .or if some persons who know better, but who listen only to their. Ma • . lice and their resentment, endeavour at present to excite suspicions respeCting the reality or theasin cerity of that memorable negotiation. It is, how ever, a thing beyond the•reach °fall doubt—a fa& _ that can never be rescued from the page of historp-- . that if the Confederate Armies could but have made head to Bonaparte until the 20th of December, War would have been declared by Prussia against France, and an army of 100,000 men would have advan c ed into Bohemia, while another of equal forCe would have marched from the Ma -,711 to the Danube. Every . tbirtg had,:therefore, been alysolutely changed around us ; and to ustate of things in which a complete dis union of the greater Powers, in which, desertion or apathy on the part olsome, false policy and suspi cious designs on the part of others, were hurrying us on with giant strides towards the. last extreme ,of servitude and nothingness, we saw succeed air un- expeeled concert that :would have extricated us, for a length of time, .froth our embarrassments, our tri 7 ,•bulations, and our fears, had not some leading de leas in its primitive composition, and the .over whelming disasters which marked its outset, •struck 'it with itwotence at the very moment we imagined - we were about to'gnjoy the rewinds of such glorious .achievements. • • . - When I assert that the advantages of our present situation preponderate, and powerially - preponderate over the real losses -.we have sustained, I make ' the assertion in the convietion, _that this happy concert - still exists, and in the supposition that it• will conti nue to-exist And indeed it appears to me a thing so difficult to presume, that with the experience they have now before,them, those -Powers who ._had composed the Confederacy will plunge headlong • again into - their fortner-errors, and into a degree of'infatuation now a • thousand times more inconceivable than ever it was before, that one is in a manner coMpelled to believe, that' they-will remain . united. One ,may - venture a step farther,• and boldly assert, that at the . crisis in which we are now placed; those Powers are . no longer at liberty to run counter to their interests, . and that the Confederacy Must continue to exist; from the nature and force of things, if it ceases to be supported by the'Avill- and wisdom of men. If we refiea upon- the - position . of each of the four 'Pusvers, Whose urrltcd efforts should stop the pro , press of the univefkrl deluge that is coming upon us, . we must soon perceive, that notwithstanding some occasional anomalies iu their movements, their po litiCal system is'from this, =pleat irresistibly linked with the supreme necessity . of an .indissoluble co hesion. • . England is,; too, deeply interested in the assertion 'of the Independence, and in the maintenance of'the equilibrium of the Continent, to allow calamities of any size to indnce her to abandon it to its fate; and when it is recolleded that one of the first ads of • Mr. Pitt's present Administration was to renew the former conSexion of England with Russia, and that he thereby (I dOnot mean to say that he founded the Coalition, the Coalition - bad absolutely fi)Unded itself) proved at least that he acknowledged the ne, cessity of it ; ,and therefore it is most likely, he will omit nothing that can tend to re-animate and up hold it. Austria, thoroughly convinced as she was of the impossibility of existing under the conditions of the 'Treaty of Luneville, will not be deceived,respeaing those which the Treaty of Vresburgh woulld impose ; if' indeed die could look for a moment ujkiu that i*' S. Treaty is 'dm, basis of a lasting sliperstiiiaere. The closest union, the most perfeet understanding with her Allies, is "no longer for Austria a: mere matter of choice, but a reqnisite of the first necessity. She must either anxiously cultivate that understanding, or perish without delay.—Such, is _the only alterna tive now 'left her. The Emperor of Russia Will continue to cherish the principles he has hitherto professed, not only, from the impulse of the same motives which sug gested the adoption of them, but moreover from the high interest he must feel in the honour of his Crown and- the glory of his Reign. He has enter ed into an engagement with Europe—a free one, I confess, but still not the less sacred: His first essay, has not been SuccesSful. Surely we are not then to suppose that he would desert a cause which the very reverses attending it must have constituted his - own ! And as for Prussia, her situation is at this moment :so critical, that feeble or faithless councils would in vain attempt to bring her back to that anti-social, 'systeinwhich she has too long pursued—Bonaparte would even' take upon himself the task of admonish ing het, that she can no longer return to the point • from which she started. He can never forgive the steps she has taken, the engagements she has sign-. ecl, the uneasiness she has caused him for three whole months No ; the confidence with which she once had inspired him is vanished for ever; and for the future, unless Prussia be resolved to await with the most inexpugnable resignation, the mo ment when she must one be attacked by the whole united force of France and of her satraps, she can no longer cease to regard the interests of Austria as her , own, and to feel that the amity of England and. of Russia forms the corner-stone of her political sys , . tem. In the eyes of him-whose-mind can trace effeas to their Causes, the misfortunes, which this first - Coalition has experienced (tbr those which preceded • it.do not deserve that name) are whoh7 the result • of our long disunion, of our long inertness, of our long infatuation and stupidity, by which we had so di4raeted the objea, and palsied the energy of - our foi`c,les, that when - we were desirous to as in - concert, ; nothing was to be-found in.its place, and the Com -1.4-non Enemy prevailed, very. where over . us by the . , promptitude ofliis measures. Let us avail ourselves — Of these lessons, inculcated by hard experience ; let us retrieve our-losses ; let us repair our resources; let us re-animate our drooping spirits ; and instead .of again bewildering ourselves in the calamitods ca reer in which - we have already dissipated so consi ' detable a-portion of every thing that was dear to us,- , let us endeavour to secure what remains, by clinging to our sheet-anchor, our-last plank, a serious, a faith lid, an indissoluble union ! Should that union stir-, vive the shipwreck we have suffered, we have gain:- ed more than we have lost ; and in spite of every • sinister svmptOm, the general situation. of Europe is, .vitliont comparison less. dispiriting than it has been since the. year 1800, and perhaps even during the whole course of the weirs produced by the Re volution: • .• But if after these recent reverses, and the new I adyantages 'which the Enemy has unquestionably derived from them, we return again to our old sys • tern of insulation and indolence : if Russia with , draws from 'the great cause in which she had em barked ; if a close alliance between Austria and Prussia, the chief requisite qf all the common ne cessities, the indispensible condition, 'without the accomplishment of which it were useless farther to attempt_any thing for the salvation of Europe, be . not immediately established upon a basis large and lasting: if England should shift herself out from the Continent ; or if the Continent, again delivered up to the instigations of France and to the credulity and ignorance of those who administer its affairs, con-' tildes to look on the prosperity of England, not as a source of its own happiness, and sure pledge of inde pendence, but as hostile to its interests and incompati ble with its welfare : In a word, if the losses we have sustained press upon us with their accumulated weight; and if the advantages held out by our pre " sent situation, vanish like adream , --then indeed we must perish. And Omnipotence itself will not rescue us from the fate we have incurred. Far be from - us at a moment of such awful con sideration, every thing that can wear the 'face of mutual charges orrecriminations, than which nothing 'can be more disgraceful. History will assert bet -fights: It will be her province to unveil the pro-,_ gress of things ; and she will allot to each actor his share of responsibility-in the tragedy at which we are assisting. But all the errorts we now 'exert to-scru tinize into the past, can only plunge t into mutual ditrnsts and animosities, without opening any one. source from-which we can expect to 'derive - any satii laCtion or instruaion. As to "myself, placed.in very particular situations, which have afforded nie an op pertunity of seeing more clearly than any Of any . contemporaries, into the secret movements .of the din rent political:springs, J here make this declara tion, as unprompted by. vanity as it, is unchecked by - . any sort , of condescension that lias' - hitherto been written respeeting the war just - Closed, so soon, and perhaps before - it had really commenced, and all that I have - read in the best-informed 'English Jour , nals (without exception), - has not even -skink the surface of truth, and to me is an irreffagible proof that the true causes of our disasters are ors het"a~.iknouit. Of what avail then'wOuld it be tO indulge in-Mutuar reproaches that can' in noway pronitjtp of g . 4matoll. interestb: ? Let us rally,•andre-unite:tegetkr, that •we may acqUire an' ascendant over future Ozents.— Such is the task Wehave to undertake' ; ..A; great and • awful task ;' a task Such as: callsfor . .the exertion: of all the faculties we retain,, and in pursuance of the, advice of the only political - Writer of OurtinieS whose . conceptions embraced the past, the present, and the future : "Let us-look - our for the means' Of our: . safety, and if we do not find them around. w, let us unremittinglyendeaVour to .male" them." • - By a statement laid before the House of Assembly, Jamaica, in the middle. of December, it appears that the expeuces of Martial - Law in the montbs of April, May, and June preceding, as far. as•thcr could be ascertained to the. 1.1 th inst. amounted to 22.8,9251. sd. besides some demands which had 'not then been investigated : out of this sum • the Receiver- General gave credit for deduCtions 'on._acctint of sales of public stores to the amount of 0.,4:i71.0i. Bd, V4CCIA - ATION. ✓ T' VIE . FOLiCAVING' RtP6ltr OF THE MEDI.CAT., CSIUN " CAL, 9,N-THE- SUBJECT - OF VACCINE . INOCULA- HAS BEEN LAID BEFORE THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS .OF THE ROYAL JENNERIAN SOCIETY. The Medical Council of the Royal Jennerian o ciety having, been .informed that various cases had occurred which excited prejudices against Vaccine Inoculation, and tended to check the progrep. of that i important . discovery in this Kingdom, appointed a Committee of twenty-five of their Members to in quire, not only into the nature and truth of such cases, but also into the . evidence respeeling instances.. of Small-pox alledged to have occurred twice in the same person. . _ _ In consequence of this reference, the Com mittee made diligent inquiry into the _history of a number of cases, in .which it was supposed that Vac cination had failed to prevent the Sthall-pox, and' also of such cases of Small-pox as were stated to have happened Subsequently to the natural or in oculated. Small 7 pox. In the course of their examinatio4 the , Committee learned; that opinions and assertions, had been ad vanced and-circulated, which charged the Cow-pox with rendering patients liable to partieblardiseases, frightful in their appeaeance, andhithertoMiknown; and judging such opinions to be connected. with the question as to the etlicaCy of the pradice, -they thought. it. incumbent upon. them to examine also intothe validity of these injurious statements resped ing Vaccination. . After -a very minute investigation of these sub jeEts, the result of their inquiries has been submitted to the Medical Council and from the Report of the Committee it appears : , I. That must of the cases which have been . brought forward as. instances of the failure:of-Vac cination to prevent the Small-pox, and which have been the subject of public attention and Con versation, are either wholly unfounded, or grossly Misrepresented. IL That some of the cases are now allowed, by the very persons who first related them, to have. been erroneously stated. 111. That the statement of such of those cases as . are published;'have, - for the most part, been care fully investigated, ably discussed ; and fully refuted, by different writers on the subjea. . IV. That nots.vithstanding the most incontestible proofs of 'such. misr4teserifationa few medical men Wye persisted in rep,Otedly britiging the same: unfounded and refuted- reports . and Misrepresenta, ticions i)efore the Public, thus p‘r.lversely and dis ingenuously' labouring to' excite . prejudices -apinst Vaccination. • . . V. That in some printed acconnt&of adyerseArac einatioU, in which the writers had 'no authenticated faas to support the opinions they:advanced, nor any reasonablcarguments,to maintain them, the sub-- '•jea has been treated with indecent lind,disgustinql levity ; as if the good or evil of s6clety were tit bb!: je64s for sarcasm and ridicule. VI. That when the pratice of Vaccjnation W•as first introduced and recommended..by Dr. Jenner, many persons, who had never seen the efte&s of the vaccine fluid on the human system, • who were, al most wholly unacquainted with the history of Vac eina..ioir, the characteristic marks of the genuine vesicle, and the cautions necessary to be observed in the management of it, and were therefore incompe tent to decide whether patients were properly vac cinated 'or not, nevertheless ventured to _ inoculate for the. Cow-pox. VII. That many persons have been declared duly vaccinated, when the operatien Was performed iii a very negligent and unskilful manner, and when the. inoculator did not afterwards see the patients, and therefore could not ascertain whether infection had taken plqce or not ; and that to this cause are cer tainly to be attributed many of the cases adduced in proof of the inefficacy of Cow-pox. VIII: That some /Cases have been brought, before the Committee, on which they could form no de cisive opinion, from the want of -necessary inforrna- • tion as to the .regularity of the preceding VaCcina tion, or the reality of the subsequent appearance of • the Small-pox. • - IX.. That it is admitted, by the Committee, that a few cases have been brought before them; of per sons halting the . Small-pox who had apparently passed through the Cow-poX in a regular way. • • ..X. That: cases, supported by evidence equally strong,- ,have been also brought before them, of per sons who, after having once regularly passed through the Small-pox, either by inoculation or natural in . featon, have had that disease a second time. XI, That in many cases-', in.which the Small-pox fias occurred a second time, after inoculation or the 'natural disease,' such recurrence has been particu ilarly severe,- and often fatal ; whereas, when it has appeared to occur after Vaccination, the disease. has generally _been so mild, as tolose some of its Cha- • ratleristie marks, and even sometimes to render its existence.doubtful. XII. That it is a faa well ascertained, that, in sotne particular states of certain constitutions, whe ther vaccine or variolous matter be employed, a local disease only will be excited by Inoculation, the con- . sti/ution remaining unatleCted yet that matter , taken from such local Vaccine or variolous 'pustule i of producing a general and perfett dis- XIII. That if a person, bearing the strongest and most indubitable marks of having had the Small, : pox, be repeatedly inoculated for that disease, a pus- May be produced, the matter of which will communicate the di4ease to those who have not been previously infeeted. ....XIV. That, although it is difficult to determine 'preeiiely the number of exceptions to the practice, the Nledical.Council are fully convinced that the failure of Vaccination, as a preventive of the Small pox, is a very rare occurrence. XV. That of the immense number who have been :accinated.in the army and navy, in dilferentparts oldie' United Kingdom, and in every quarter of the globe,. scarcely any instances of such faildre have been reported to the Comtn*:e, but those which are "said to have occurred in the MetropoliS, or its , XVl.That the Medical Council are fully assured, that. in. very many places, in which the Small-pox raged with ;rat viiylence, the disease has been gr'eeaily an 4 trreStc - progreF.s, 1- in some populuus lull) ex.e uinated, by the preittice of Vaccintitiou. That tale praEtice of 'in !eau ion for the Small-pox, .on is tira introduction. into this tountry, was opposed and, very much retarde 1, in consequence of misrepresentations and arguments drawn' from assumed facts, and of miscarriages arising nom tne want - of 'corre , it information, simi ar to those now brought7forwind against Vaccination, so that nearly fifty years elirpsed before Small-pox inoculation was fully egabli,lied. XVIII. That by a reference to the Bills of Mor tality, it will appear that, to the unfortunate ne gleat of . Vaccination, :and. the prejudices raised against it, we mat, in a great measure,, attribute the loss a'n ! ±arly two - tlidusaml . lives by the Small-pox, in this Metropolis alone, 'within the present year. ..XIX. That the few.instances of failure, either in the inoculation .of the Cow-pox, or of the Small.; pox, ought not to be i:unsidered as objeations to either pradiee,'hut merely' s litel;iations'froin the otdinary course of nsture.; - N - . XX. That if a _comparison be made between the . . preservative effeats of - Vaceintion, and , those of Inoculation for the Sniall-pox ; Tt would be necessary to take into account the. great number-of persons who have been vaccinated .w.ithina. given tirrie,: asst is probable that, ‘Vithin the liSt seven years, nearly as many persons h'il‘ s -e been ikoCtilared . for the Cow pox; as were ever inoculated fiz the Siniill-pox, since the pradice was introduced into this. liingdi J m. XXI. Tnat, from all the faCts. which, they have been able to coiled, it appears to tare Medical Coun cil, that the - Ck" ,vv,-pd is generally Milo and harm less in its efietts ; and .(hat .fewc-.'c 4 :4e , A, which have been alledged against this Opinion, may be fairly attributed to pecu1...i1r4....s of constitution. .XII. That.many r well 7 knowu cutaneous diseases, and some Scrophulous complaints, have 11CC1 repre- Seated . as_the ettetts' of . Vaccine - Itioculatibii, wrien in tad they, originated frk . nn. lather; _cause.;; and in many instances occurred tong atter .Vaccination and that such diseasekare infinitely less frequent alter Vaccination, ..than atter either the natural or inocu. , • .. , . . , . Having_stated these faJ6ts, and made these obser 'vationS, the Medical oulicil cannot 6)1161i - tile their Report upon a subject- so highly importaurand teresting: to all classes .of the community, without making : this solemnlleciaration _..„ . . 'Mat, opinion, founded ontliar Invn experience, an:. the•ttlinnalltiun witch they have been able.to.'eollei:t trotu that of.,other*,, kind have ahead! derived and 411 . 441.4:1:1A4e benefit from tie Liicovery of vaccihatio,;l: and that it is th6r full bend,' ticat the sanguine exiketations of a dvantageand : security,. which have bcen•fortned from the Inoculation 4.tbe• be ulti mately and cuinpletely fulfilled. (Signed) Edw. , jenner, M.D. President- Everard 1-Ir;rile .; 1 7 C. Latsoin ' M. U. N.. e. Robert • M.D. j ulffi Ring, V.?. - ' - "Joseph Joseph Attains, M, U. [*lt !oak; • ; Iliothas ey Francis E. Lec4e • tn. Lewis 'Will. 'Llsler' Nlarce.t, M.D. Joseph Hirt flyers, • l'aytherds joint Peat - spa ceurge ees,, NI. D. • John Gibbs Kiaout J. James Upton - 4 ChristiattWachsell Thomas Wolshatiati, ,N. D . • 7 Robeit.Willati, M.D. Allem Williams James Wilson Yelioly, M. - D. JOHN WALKER, Secretary to the Council. iohil Addingfuo- C . 'R .- A ikiir Win. 43abirkgton, ..'- W. !Zia Gil Mane, -M::,12- ; L: 7 - 7 • Isii.a.:litixton. M. D. Win. John (;I.irkF, D. Astley Locirr D.iniel Cordell Richard. Croft, N 1.1). , Thfinlas Urniti:in; .11,E John Diinsdale . Henry Field • . - Edward ford Joseph Fox V . Win. M—Fraseri Gaitske'll Win. Harnitton,ll.l3 . . Jahn flingeston , • January 2, 1806. /VA 4:5 GRAVESEND, FEB. 26. .. . . . _ ,. - PoSsed by-- the Father and Suns,Hopkins, from Lisbon. • Sailed—the Star, Roper, tor Bostou.; Alnander, Vose, for New-York; Eau), AV ii I ton, and Sovereign, Codling, tor formica ; Fancy, Denman, for ' Yucatom; Good Hoope, Jans, and longe BLit - end, Puckelder, to Eninden. • 131 K T HS. On Wednesday. last: the Lady of William Mary, Esq. of Gov‘rer-strtet, of a still-born child. , On the 26th lekenitant Parsonage, the Lady of the Rev. Thomas Bracken, of a Son. MARRIED , - - LONDON. Printed by kJ (.7H..1:.1) II?. It. R IS, of N O : 4 , Manic! t..enurf, Env;,_st r e et a n d I , Jblished by WL.LiAMAR M I G LR SCR IPS, Of South Molton-strett, Grosvenor-.Spiale ; At 4 1 1 e SvN-OFFIcE, No. Strand ; where Advertispnehts - Orde r s 'fbr the Pater, Litters tbr the Editor, (tost-peid), must b<'addrcsseil. Lately, Samuel Denton, Esq. of Gray's. inn, to Miss He lena Cornelia Maas, clauglitermt the late Mt. 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