The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-10-11 00:00:00

OcTopEtt 11, 1833. SUGAR TRADE; tHR EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL ,STANDsIRD. SIR —I th 20th 7 a remarks contained in the STANDARD of the Britaillint., respecting the trade .in sugar as it affects Great _ it is very justly described as an article of first rate __oPortance, My attention has-been lately turned to an endea !eitr to arrive at some definite conclusion as to what is likely to the future course of this trade; and lam induced to ad ss to yo.o a few obServations on this point, of which you can a , ke anv use von please, , ---if, indeed, you think they are worth " sl ug 9 4 la las i s 'he commerce in sugar, with its dependent products, too cs and rum,—which must be taken into consideration at the d same time, for if th e production of thi principal article is • ulunis hed, the quantities of these will also fall otf,—forms so 114 Portatit'a portion of the trade of the united kingdom, that an inquiry as to its probable future progress, and as to the conse be quences Which may follow the'alterations at present about to made in our slave colonic's, from whence so abundant a the is now re ce i ve d f or t h e consum ption of this country and .e continent of Europe, cannot but be very interesting. It ,wi/1 he us e f u l, i n th e fi rs t p l ace , t o see how these things stiula at present. • . , ?lIn -the reort-of the - committee of the House olCommons on ie West India colonies, (Parliamentary paper, N 0.381, 1832,) me total consumption of sweets in the united kingdom is stated as wider, for the year 1831: Sugar—British West India 3,428,365 carts. •Mauritius East India Molasses 3,869,140 '13050 4,005,990 389,500 Cwts. .4,395,49 t) V. ht ming the consumption of sugar, independent of molasses, to 'lave been 200,000 tons, or about 450,000,000 lbs. There is not aY imported article of which the consumption is - nearly so vreat. Cotton-wool is the next in quantity, and that does not teach to very much more than half the consumption of sugar. With respect to revenue, the following is taken from a volume " Papers compiled from official returns," lately published, finder kndthe authority of government. Net produce of Customs, 1831: • Sugar 4,650,590 Molasses Rum 1,629,881 £6,437,35 I Shia *aro being more. than. oue,third. of the whole amount of Vustoms' duties inwards collected in that year, £17,936,304. Froui the same authority, we, learn that the imports of the articles in question, in 1831, were as follows . , . • Sugar . 5 366,262 cwts 268,000 tons. Molasses 332,876 cwts Rum 7,892,722 gals. the whole . exceeding in value any other imported article, except, perhaps, cotton-wool, as also in weight and bulk, every thing except timber. I have b r i e fl y state d th ese f ac t s as a justification of the asser tion' pat forward respecting the importance of that article of 'commerce now under consideration. It is of importance to the Veopl e at large as a necessary of life; to the government as a source of great and easily collected revenue,. and very important as au article of trade to the commercial and shipping interests. The statements of the importation and consumption of sugar, 'nay be thus dissected:— Re-exported to Continent Bri • Imported from Consumed. of Europe. ma tuill . W est Indies .... Ton 205,000 .... 171,000 .... 34,000 uritnis 26,000 •. • . 22,000 .... 4,000 231,000 193,000 3 8 , 000 East India Company's p - IZOOO .• • . 7,000 ..„. 5,0(10 Po7esisgi°ttilEast Indies • • • •••• Foreign West I n di e s and ...• 25,000 22,000 .. • • S outh America 268,000 200,000 68,000 n i es he ,y!oportion of this importation afforded by the slave colo °, this country is 231,000 tons, all of which is placed in all P ar dY by the measures now in progress, and it is agreed by Persons that some great diminution of this production will certainly y take place. It has been estimated as high as one .11;ird, but I will take it at 60,000 tons, or about one fourth part. .`"?‘v this amount deducted from the importation above stated, de nying out of the question the foreign sugar, which is merely in transit, the duty completely precluding its entering into the con sumption of this country—leaves only 183,000 tons, 171,000 c olonial, and 12,000 East Indies; being less than the present amount of consumption 'by nearly 20,000 tons of sugar. When the consumption of any article exceeds the quantity offering for sale, the competition purchasers,—none of th era wiling to be the first to givAlikluse of what they have been accustomed to—produces o f course an increase of y price, h e Progress of which may be stopped by its reaching so high a trate as either to bring into action fresh sources of sugply, or to effect a reduction in the quantity consumed. With reference to the former of these effects, the only place to which this country could look for an increased supply of sugar is British India, and it is therefore necessary to consider What price would be sufficient to draw from that country any such increase of supply as would be required, remembering that froth amount it would then be necessary for this country to draw "'QM Hindostan is more than twice as much as the whole quan tity we receive from thence at present. To enable some deci sion to be formed on this point, the following statement, ex tracted from Messrs. Trueman and Cook's "State of the Com- Mere° of Great Britain in 1830," is offered. It shows the price of .Bengal white suar, without duty, for fifteen years subseq uen t to the opening of the East India trade.— Mean Price. Mean Price. 1814- 75 to 100 .. 87 6 'cwt. 1822-31 to 41 .. 37 6 'cwt. • • 5- 65 75 .. 70 3-27 37 .. 32 - • .-42 , 60 5 1 4-27 34 30 6 • • • 7-48 62,.. 55 5-34 40 .. 37 • • 8-48 51 . 51 6-35 39 .. 37 • • 9-37 45 41 7-33 37 .. 35 .20-34 43 38 A 8-34 40 .. 37 1-29 42 .. 35 ‘g It is not my intention, on the present occasion, to enter pito any consideration of the causes which, as I think, render it highly improbable that any considerable surplus produc lon of sugar for exportation should take place in Hindostan, unless much higher prices could be realised than are now • c urrent for that article in the markets of Europe. All the reports of the servants of the Company, as to the abundance of sugar which cou ld b e p rocure d in Bengal, contained in the papers published by the East India Company, in. 1822, are founded. upon the supposition of a much higher price b eing obtainable. For the present. it is sufficient to remark that the high scale of prices which appears in the fore going statement did not cause any material increase in the quantity of sugar imported into this country from Bengal; t hough these prices were not realised for one or two years only, or at intervals and accidentally, but continued for a series of Years, at a time when attention was directed to the subject, and when privat e merc h an t s, exper i ence d in the East India trade, ;vere anxious and ready to take advantage of any opening in busines s which may offer. The duty on East India sugar. being 325. per cwt., I think I Have a ri g h t to i n f er that no price under 70s. per cwt. would be B° Meient to cause any great increase in the importation of that It is true, the situation of British India is on the point Ns ° ii 3 eing materially altered, and that alteration, it is alleged, di, •• a inong other effects, cause an increased production, at a ~,i li nished cost, of sugar and other articles of export; but, do ti should thi s t a k e place, which may perhaps admit of ques " et until aft e r a at all events, certain as to the extent aticipated, it cannot take number of y n ears. House Mr. B uxton ' s ev id ence b efore the late comm i ttee o f th e ruse of Lords, on the West India colonies, among other e a p raent respeting e extt of the production o sugar in is, he s refers to a th paper en printed by order of the House of t ..Trnons No. 320, 1831 in which it is stated that the expor- M2 l l of sugar by sea, from Calcutta, amounted, in the year 8 -9, to 4`29,723 bazaar maunds, equal to about 16,000 tons. I f this is put forward to prove any increase in the export of the article, I apprehend the foll ow i ng i n f ormat i on f rom th e re p or t s of the external commerce of Bengal, comprized in the papers respecting sugar, published by the E as t I n di a C om p an y i n 18 ,52, will prevent its having that effect. It is there said that the total quantity of sugar exported from Bengal, in 1799-1800, exceeds 21,000 tons. When it is considered that for the five years preceding 1799, the price of Muscovado sugar in England was, speaking g enera lly, abov e 60 s . w ith out d uty; whereas, in the • Years preceding 1829, the price was little above 30s. per cwt. Without duty ; the quantities of sugar exported from Bengal, at th e two different periods, is a fact which, in my opinion, strongly , corroborates the position I have attempted t o esta b lish, that the resources which British India professedly possesses for in creasing her produce of sugar, cannot be profitably brought in to operation without a considerable advance in the price of the article. Adverting to the other point of inquiry, whether the con sumption of sugar would not be lessened by the value rising so high at, the price abovenamed, let us consider the following state ment respecting the consumption of sugar in Great Britain, at two different periods : TOTAL AVERAGE PRICE. 1801-1805 68s. ad. per cwt., 7.312 d. per lb. • • 1806-1810 675. 6d. per cwt., 7.232 d. per lb. 1821-1821 578. 4d. per cwt., 6.1424. per lb. 1826-1829 598.3 d. per cwt., 6.318 d. per lb. CONSUMPTION. 1809 2 504,507 cwts.-1829 3,495,709 cwts. 1810 2,900,000 cwts.-1830 3 600,000 cwts. Average..... 2,702,253 cats.—Average. 3,547,854 cwts. POPULATum. 1811 .12,609,864-1831 16,537,398 . . ANNUAL CONSUMPTION OF EACH INDIVIDUAL. 1811 ............ 2-1.0011b5.-1831 24.0271b5. Not e .—ln 1810, sugar was used in di s till er ie s ,— quan tity, 3,489,312 cwts. ; the quantity inserted is an estimate of consul:l4)- r Con independent of di s tilleries, being rather mo r e than that of 1808 , 2 , 8 12,813 cwt., t h e largest quantity previously consumed in one year. The returns of sugar consumed in 1830, including the whole of the United kingdom, I have put down the amount stated as an estimate of the consumption of Great Britain. th lt a ppears from thi s , t h at though for some years previous to last "flu stated peri o d, th e pr i ce of sugar has been lower, the crease ituption, as compared with the population, has not in d beyond the limit it bad attained at the end of ten years . nen the prices reached very nearly to 70s per cwt. Consider ingingll classes have w been for so Many years habituated to the taet an al es and the consequent disinclthation they must feel / th j l e k tgo the e njoyment of what is become a necessary of life, forward we rna Y argue that if a sufficient supply could be brought due e d ,_,,t about that price, the consumption would not that suZlow its present extent; at. the saute time it b earsapp Any ! wonld rise from its present value to the height staed. whilea Price lu nch higher would probably lessen the consumption, i n „ T have lower price, if I am correct in the facts and reason il'lns„.,_,lldsv advanced, does not seem likely to draw forth increased ienfrom the !:mly source open to Chia country to resort to. 2()°131,&111tog the price should so rise about 10 per cent.•this on then w oulnie tli t e h quantit y consumed, would be £2,000,000. Such Kingdom, and t.,enhanced charge to the . people of the United t upon the cont s. effec upon the trade in sugar, consequent e colonies r eni P la ted diminution in the produce of the British imPortation and• he effect which any great diminution of the consuru and trade of the county ption would produce upon the revenue et therefore, r i ! !. _there is Y. must be apparent to every mind, and, not any occasion to lengthen this communi. , total ces sa t ion a t. Py remarks upon these points Should that almost persons, B:elirlq:arlifiPere4uction, which is . anticipated by seine Ject, tak e place ci to for.n a correct judgment on (he sub increased in 'all am the effects referred to would be prodigiously 010 de rat e liet, and have argu7d upon th e sti pp es iti e p that things in the colonies will go on quietly and well, and with but a small diminution of the export of sugar. I have assumed that the duties. on sugar generally coming to this country will remain as they now stand. This is a part of the subject of great importance to those connected with the slave colonies ; and .1 may in a future communication make some remarks upon it: and also upon the effect which a cessa tion of the present export of colonial and East India - sugar from this country, would have upon other European markets. I beg .to remark I do not profess . that all the statements in cluded n this communication are accurately correct, but 1 be lieve them to be sufficiently so for the purpose I offer them : in the consideration of subjects of magnitude 'minute errors are not of-great importance, so long as• they• can make no change in the conclusions to be drawn. A WEST INDIAN. Liverpool, r 7, 1833. COTTON TRADE. The papers lately received from the United States indicate the violence with which a controversy has been carried on there upon the probable prices, production, and consumption of that important staple—Cotton. To such a pitch of intemperance was this carried in one of the papers, that the Editor felt him self bound to put 'a stop to it, by refusing to admit any more communications on either side; declaring, with a sagacity highly creditable to his judgment, that, as all they could say or write would not produce one bag snore or less, the wisest course was to wait until the crop was got in, when the facts would be accurately known. With logic like this we have neither incli nation nor powers to cope; and cheertolly submit to the argu ment. But the disputants in America do . not stand alone. We need not travel many yards from the spot where these words are penned, to find discrepancies of as serious a character on this staple subject as any that can bewilder our brethren on the other side of the Atlantic. It is not, however, every one who deems it politic or discreet to commit his sentiments to paper ; some persons, perhaps, being fearful, in so doing, of committing themselves. But there are a few daring spirits bold enough to set such doctrines'at defiance; and with sufficient candour and libe rality to desire that the world at large should have the benefit of their cogitations. Unlike a portion of this same community, which, (we speak on the authority of one of our contemporaries, as will be seen in another part of our paper, touching affairs in the la titude of the Exchange)—unlike, we say; some other people, we are anxious to read and hear all sides ; and wishing to inform ourselves on the gate and prospects of the cotton market, we ranged half-a-dozen printed circulars before our eyes, deter mined to come to a just conclusion as to the present actual, and future probable situation of this commodity. Vain hope ! The more we read and pondered the farther were we removed from any thing like a satisfactory conclusion on the subject. Now, in such a dilemma, the best thing we can do is to appeal to the . . . kindness of some of our numerous friends, to extricate us from the difficulty in which we are plunged, and lead our judgment into the right path. And it occurs to us, that our only course is to take two of the number now before us, and to place extracts from them in j uxta-position ; and any kind friend who may be charitably disposed to fix our wavering opinions, we declare beforehand will be entitled to our gratitude. In selecting the ' two particular circulars from which we have made our quota tions, it will, we think, be admitted, that the task of hyper-criti ' cism on the style has been spared us. We think it only fair to state, that the favour of our selection has fallen upon the circu lars of Messrs. Godfrey Barnsley and Son, and Messrs. Bolton, Ogden, and Co. Dated 18th September. Dated 23d September. " That cotton, one of the most " The advanced prices of Cotton important articles of commerce, have produced some effect on the should attain to its present value, consumption, to what extent it is and exhibit au appearance of re- difficult to ascertain ; but from the taining it, appears to those who best information we can collect are uninterested in its fluctuations we think it is.already diminished astonishing, and they, therefore, upwards of 1,000 bags per week, boldly attribute its present eleva- and that after October (when the tion to a speculative spirit instead export of Twist to the north of of its legitimate cause, an increase Europe will be over for the sea of consumption -over the produc- son,) a continuation of the present tion. prices would in our opinion occa " That enhanced value of an ar- sion the production of Yarns and tide should stimulate production goods to be diminished to the ex is natural ; but what effect it can tent of 3,000 bags per week corn have had on the crop in the United pared with the production of the States now reaping is easily seen first three or six mouths of the by referring to theperiod when the year ; for the spinners and manu advance in the Liverpool market facturers will not accumulate their took place, which being in June ordinary stocks during the winter and .1411 y, could not reach that for the chance of continued high country until late in the latter prices in the spring : with respect month and August; and, therefore, to the future prices of Cotton could not increase the quantity of there is much diversity of opi land planted; although it undoubt- Ilion. •We assume that the low edly will the industry of the plant- prices- which have prevailed for erg in securing it ; as regards Bra- the last six years have had a con zil, the effectis too. distant to re- siderable influence in extending quire particularreference, the same the consumption of it, and it is reasons applying to the produce of we think beyond all question that that country. the consumption hasovertaken the " The editor of the London Pub- growth, and that at the end of the lie Ledger gives the stock of cotton year the stocks in the ports of in Liverpool on the Ist of July, this country will be about 100,000 1833, contrasted with last year, not bags less than they were at the recoliecting that he was publishing beginning of it, reduced as these on the 4th of September, and that were compared with the stocks the markets ate influenced less -by that have been held at the same the actual stock on hand than by period. for. -the last eight years ; the extent of the supply, and the yet, on.the .other side, it cannot time which must elapse before it 'be denied that hiher than ordi can arrive ; and these' are in fact nary prices check consumption, the real causes'of the advance, in and especially so, when the rise connection with a return to an ea- has been produced by causes be sier currency ! ! And not, as he lieved to be of a temporary na suppoSed, to an increased con- ture ; the late prices of cotton sumption, which may not prove being highly remunerating to the much over 18,000 bags weekly. planters ; a knowledge of the fait, "It may be said that there is no that within the last ten years the actual want of cotton, and that a produce in'the United gtates,h4s 'stock 01'100,000 balms is'amely sof- beett doubled ; and that veitfiin ficient when there is a certainty of these States there is a capability its arrival freely, but those who of gradual and almost indefinite know the business readily perceive increase ; must lead to the con that so small a stock can be easily viction that temporary causes monopolized by a few, and. then alone can sustain the present there would be no limit in price rates ; and that in time the except that Caused by a diminution growth will again overtake the of consumption. consumption. . The recent ae " That such a crisis may arrive is counts from the United States evident from the fact that if the represent. the.. prospects of the consumption continues with some growing crops of Cotton to Le reduction to the close of the year, very favourable, and as likely to the stock on the Ist of January produce between 1,200,000 and next will not exceed 110,000 to 1,300,000 bags ; but supposing it 120,000 bales. • should onlyre.ach theformer quan " And this is founded on no ex- tity, we should estimate the pro travagant idea of supply, but upon portion of it that would be shipped such - reasonable calculations now to this country at 700,000 bags ; annexed as a merchant may safely and with the expectation of a rely on. It does not appear to supply to that extent the prices have been generally observed here, would most assuredly decline. The that the consumption in other unusually small stocks of Cotton countries has increased as rapidly that there will be in Europe at as in this, and that the general the end of the year it is assumed stock of cotton has been reducing . by some must inspire still higher gradually for several years, plain- prices ; but to this mode of rea ly demonstrating that the prices soning we attach but little impor which have been current have in- tance, conceiving that the future duced an increased consumption, prices will be mainly determined and offered a scanty inducement to by the opinions that may prevail increase the culture. as to the extent of the future sup "We will not suppose it possible plies. For the present we assume or probable that the crop of the that the imports of Cotton from present.year in the United States all places other than the United may prove only equal 'or less than States will not be materially dif the last, but leave it to the imaeina- ferent in the next year from what tion of those who believe that they will be in the present, which ton can be produced by magic will not in the aggregate vary when prices rise, and that a supply much from the actual consump can be furnished of, new cotton at tion of them ; and although cir a period when it is either growing eumstances, the operation of or picking. which it„,is not possible to fore "To understand the value of cot- see, may arise, to vary most ton, its past, present, and future essentially any estimate that may consumption and currency, the be formed of the probable prices foregoing' details are indispensable. and consumption for the next " And to make such conclusions year, yet we submit the following correct and complete, it is abso- to the consideration of our friends lutely necessary that due consider- as some guide to them in their ation at the same time should be shipments. taken upon the variations in the " Should the prices of short course, and the effects of money. stapled American in this country "We must justly understand the be from 10d. to 12d. per lb., we power and the extent of contrac- would estimate the consumption tion and relaxation of an occasional of it for the next year at 500,000 paper, metallic, and an amalga- bags. Should the prices be from mated currency of paper and me- 9d. to lld., we would estimate it tallic jointly, as at the present pe- at 550,000 bags. Should they be riod. from Bd. to 10d., we would esti " The value of all labour and of mate it at 600,000 bags. Should all property depends upOn the scale they be from 7d. to 9d., we would or balance upon which the Bank of estimate it at 650,000 bags. Should England and the Government may they be from 6d. to Bd., we would place our. eurrency, for the one is estimate it'at 700,000 bags ; and in merely the prototype of the other, the degree in which opinions may and vice versa, as the case may suit prevail as to the extent of the im for the lime being: else, reform ports to be received in the year would mar, h with too rapid from the United States will our strides. This is doubtless my Lord future prices be regulated, and we Brougham's drag upon the wheel think at rates not materially dif of that machine ; past events have ferent from the above scale. plainly indicated it. . " When the Bill was brought "In conclusion we beg to add, for into Parliament for the reqewal the benefit of the inexperienced of the Charter of the Bank ofEng and unretlecting, who for the most land an opinion was extensively part have been led to look for a entertained, that the effect of it panic in the money market, in con- would be to increase in no incon sequence of several editors of the siderable degree the circulation of newspapers 'writing upon the cur- paper money, and thereby the renc7, deducing exports of bullion prices of commodities ; in that consequent upon the modulation of opinion we did not entirely con our currency, hut which cannot cur, and we continue to think but prove 'partial and temporary that there will be no material in to such we must add that the crease in the circulation of Bank payment of several millions of mo- Notes on account of the passing ney on the 10th proximo, being the of that Bill.". October dividends, cannot fail to render money much more abundant, while the present position of the money market never was more firmly based ! "Being quite alive, from our local knowledge of the position of our present stocke.here, that the elements of. a rapid advance are in am ple existence, and liable to ignition at any hour, we trust it may not be regarded ,as out of place for us to add, we neither have been, for several years, nor shall we become owners of cotton, under any cir cumstances whatever. "korthe guidance of our immediate connections we have to inform them that, so signal was the paralyzation of the demand and the in fatuation of a large fall, carried to that length of absurdity up to the close of Saturday, that the sales of that day were only," Sze., Ike., Sze. We put it- once snore to our friends kindly to consider whether, in our anxiety to arrive at a proper judgment upon this important question, with facts before us so plainly but modestly advanced, and supported, in each case, by reasoning so cogent and conclu sive, we are not likely to be placed in the puzzling situation of a certain animal between two bundles of hay. Such is the diffi culty of our position, that we feel, in truth, almost inclined to sing, with Macheath,— " How happy could I be with either, Were 'tother dear charmer away." India, so horribly celebrated by the sacrifices of its infatuated devotees, is in some districts no less so for its weak and extrava gant idolatry. In Ahmenadab, hospitals have been erected for the benefit of apes, where thousands are kept in fancied ease and indulgence; and another city, which was taken by General Goddart in 1780, upon its surrender contained 40,000 inhabi tants, and as many monkeys. They are even worshipped by the Brahmins, and are raised to the rank of gods. Gorgeous temples are erected, "with pious care a monkey to enshrine!" Moileus, in his "History of India," describes one of great magnificence—it was fronted by a p or ti co f or rev iving victims sacrificed to it, which was supported by no less than 700 columns; and Linschotten relates, that when the Portuguese plundered one of these monkey palaces, in the island of Ceylon, they found, in a little gold casket, the tooth of an ape—a *lie held by the natives in such veneration, that they offered 700,(X)0 ducats to redeem it. It was, however, burnt by the viceroy, to stop the progress of idolatry. Among the ancient Egyptians they also seem to have been held in more than ordinary reverence, or, at least, to have borne a rank equal to that of the sacred ibis. They were, like them, represented in the sculptures, and their bodies were preserved as tuumruios.—Naturaliet's Library. LIVERPOOL E..YCILINGE NEWS-ROOM. it would ill have suited the character of our last week's hours to have mixed up with our musical criticisms anything so discordant as a controversy upon politics or party. One of our contemporaries may thence have concluded, that he: had the last word on the abOve question,—Land that we had been hit so hard as to disable us from renewing the contest. We must un deceiVe him ; and however derogatory to ourselves to prolong the contest in this form, by addressing ourselves partially to the advocate, instead of exclusively to the immediate subject of his defence, we are disposed to yield to the necessity, by showing up the party whose cause he supports in the language of the defence itself. The origin of this little skirmish was a:charge made by us, in plain and intelligible terms, against the sub-committee of the news-room, of having violated the understanding that was come to in February last, with regard to the proportions of conserva tive and radical papers, by making a change on the 7th of "last month,,which gave an advantage in numbers, in favour of the radical party, of nineteen to seven in the London and Liver pool papers only. That charge we now, in the most distinct and unequivocal manner, repeat. Au article was put forth by one of our local radical organs, in an apologetic strain, in favour of the sub-committee. This did not satisfy us, and we retorted. When, lo! we are again assailed; and that, too, most un graciously, on the first day of the festival. Before we return to the charge, we must tender our best thanks to the writer of the article for his great anxiety to improve us " in the art of com position ;" and, to show that we are not ungrateful for his kindness, we will, on some fit occasion, endeavour to descend to the level of his own style. But this is somewhat from the purpose. Let us take the words of our contemporary : "The writer himself must be personally aware, that the Whig and the liberal daily papers are in much greater request than the Tory journals. Ihe Tories themselves, while clamouring for equality of numbers in the supply of •the London papers, show by their own conduct that such equality would be unfair to the great body of the subscribers.' For it is notorious to every frequenterof the room, that, while the Whigs and the Reformers generally confine their reading to the organs of their own party, the Tories, with an impartiality truly singular in them, eagerly devour, not the conservative papers alone, but the Whig and liberal journals also." As .Tories we plead guilty to the charge here made against us; and we can imagine the satisfaction with which " the , , • •• Whigs and the Reformers" have read this one-sided compli ment; the truth of which we are, nevertheless, but little in clined to dispute. Indeed it would be useless to raise - a question as to its accuracy, in the face of the following declaration:— " And, when every day's experience proves the truth of this statement, is there any justice or fairness in the outcry which the Tory writer is attempting to raise against the arrangement made by the sub-committee ? On the contrary, does it not proie most unequivocally, that a certain disproportion must and ought to exist betwixt the supply of the different London papers." Our excellent contemporary thus concludes:— "The sub-committee may expect to have their arrangement fiercely assailed. if their assailants can.produce good and satis factory reasons for an alteration, it will be their business to take those reasons into consideration. They must not, hew ever, pay the least attention to clamour, While impudent dicta tion must be met with dignified contempt." To all the "dignified contempt" with which it is in the power of the sub-committee and their organ to visit us, we can well afford to submit. And without putting ourselves to the trouble of "fiercely assailing" the arrangement of the sub-committee, we will content ourselves with gently exposing its unfairness, and mildly reminding the gentlemen who compose the sub committee, of their unfitness for the situation which they fill, when they allow their political feelings to lead them into the violation of a compact. Thus much for the London and local press, the changes in question having been limited to those classes. But we have a word or two to say on the arrangements of the provincial press in the newsroom. Without at present going minutely into the subject, we perceive, on looking down the list of provincial papers, that four radical Manchester Guardians are taken on Saturday, but no tory Manchester Courier on that day. We see a radical Bristol Mercury on Wednesday, but no Fe!ix Farley on Saturday. We find a Newcastle Courant, but no Newcastle Journal. Of the high character and respectability of the three excepted papers here named no one, we venture to surmise, will raise a question. Then, instead of "fiercely assailing" the sub-committee, we beg to suggest to them,, with the utmost modesty and humility, that, as all the other provincial papers are limited to one copy each, the Manchester Guardian should be placed on an equal footing ; and that the three extra papers, now partially thrown into the scale of radicalism in favour of that especial paper, should be taken from the tory- press—the Manchester Courier, Felix Farley of Bristol, and the Newcastle Journal. In thus humbly suggesting our opinion, we beg leave, in the same modest strain, to remind the sub-committee, that the course we recommend is in exact accordance with the expressed sentiments of their organ ; and, as oue of the organs ourselves of that party which is stated to prefer reading all sides, we do entreat the sub .committee to bear in mind that, although talis and prussic acid are, each in its proper place, useful matter, yet too large a dose of either may be dangerous to .the constitu tion,,auct the antidote should be at hand. IMPORTANT DECISION TO SHIPOWNERS AND' EMIGRANTS. The following trial, which took place in New York, although for a trifling amount, involves a very important question, which is, that of the liability of shipowners to refund the amount of passage-money, in ease a ship is prevented, by stress of Wea ther, from performing the passage. It appears this decision that the owners were obliged to return the original amount re ceived for passage : COURT OF' COMMON PLEAS.-BEFORE JUDGE IRVING. WM. MALONEY v. EDWARD MACOMBER. This was one of a class of actions brought by the plaintiff., who is an emigrant, and others, against the defendant, who is the agent of the Liverpool line of packets, for the recovery back of his passage-money, in consequence of the non-fulfilment of the engagement to carry him from Liverpool to this city. From the evidence adduced, it appeared that the plaintiff, with numerous others, took paisage in the steerage of th e s hip Governor Strong, at Liverpool, for New York, and paid pas , sage accordingly, at the rate of sixteen dollars each ; the pas sengers to provision themselves, but to be furnished with water. fuel, &c. agreeable to the custom in those cases. The ship, with her cargo and passengers on board, proceeded to sea, and when four or five days out experienced a violent gale of wind, by which she was so essentially injured in her hul and rigging, that it became unsafe to prosecute the voyage, more especially. as she had sprung a-leak. At the instance of the passengers, Captain Farnum (whose skilful and energetic measures for the, safety of the ship, and whose kind offices to the passengers were fully appreciated by all) determined to put back, which he did, and arrived at Liverpool in safety, where the ship underwent a strict and impartial survey by the proper authorities, and was pronounced unseaworthY, and unfit and unsafe to prosecute the intended voyage.. . In consequence of this involuntary termination of the voy age, in which no blame appeared to attach to any one, the plaintiff, with the other steerage passengers, were necessarily compelled to remain at Liverpool, subjected to expenses which they could ill afford, until another vessel could he .provided or procured to carry them to New York. The consigne es , how ever, in Liverpool, with the agent of the line, promised them a passage in the ship Dalmatia, which had not yet an ived f rom New York, and which did not arrive in three or four weeks thereafter ; but the plaintiff and others demanded the return of their possage-money, which they did not however receive, and they were then offered a passage in the ship Jay, not of the same line, but which the plaintiff and others declined ; and tak ing Passage for themselves, after some weeks detention, arrived in safety in this city. Here, in consequence,ef the non-payment of their passage-money, and expenses of detention at Liverpool, they were instructed to bring suit for the recovery back of the amount paid, as also of the many extraordinary expenses in curred. The case being one of considerable interest to ship , owners, citizens, and emigrants, called forth, on the part o f the , defence, able andi energetic efforts to defeat the claim. The de-: fendant proYed that no negligence had occured on his part, or on the part of the captain, consignee, or agent, that although the passage-money was not paid back, yet a passage was offered to plaintiff and others without any additional consideration. That the refusal of the plaintiff to take the passage offered, in lieu - of the one lost by an act of God, would properly preclude the recovery back of the amount of the passage money; that, by a principle.. of the maritime law, the party paying Ins pas sage, and losing it by virtue of an accident of the kind described, could only recover back, pro rata itinens, on the part of the pas sage that was not complete. It was also contended by defend ant's counsel, that the counsel for the prosecution hadiniStaken his plaintiff in this cause, that inasmuch as the ticket or certifi cate to a right to a passage on board the Gover no r Stroi_i_y was made out in the names of \William Maloney and Bridget Duyer, conjointly, that the suit should have been brought in the names of them both; that, although for conveying freight to a certain place in which attempt to carry failed, freight-money could be recovered back, yet there was a material difference between freight and passengers, the latter not being entitled to receive back, except pro rata itinene, and, therefore, moved for a non suit. This motion the court denied, and permitted the cause to ga to the jury. . After an able summing up on both sides, the court charged the jury on the law and the facts, and laid it down as law that in cases of the payment of passage money, and the considera tion not being rendered, nor the passage completed, those con tracting to carry the passengers, as common carriers, were bound to execute their agreement, which, if not done, they were liable for the amount paid them. That there was no dis tinction in law between freight and passage, both being alike in the same principle of maritime law, which requires the car rying of the freight and passage money as agreed. That when a vessel starts with freight, and returns to the place whence she started, without fulfilling her contract, there is no freight car ried; and the same is the case in relation to passage. The voyage is not completed, and they are, therefore, liable for th e passage money. They may furnish another vessel, and offer to carry the passengers to the port of their destination ; they are bound to provide the earliest possible conveyance, in that or some other vessel without delay, and if so done, they would he absolved from the repayment of the passage money; that the cases cited by the defendant's counsel rest. on the particular circumstances characterising each of them that prove, freight was carried by usage, in consequence of leaving it at an ex traordinary part of the voyage, and that freight money Paid on a consideration,. that hippens to fail, is always recoverable back the same as in any other contract, the consideration of which fails. It was the duty in this case of the defendant, when the vessel put back to have furnished another as speedily as possible, and he should have shown that he found a passage for the plaintiff in the first vessel that sailed to the port of his destination. The offer was made, but whether followed up or not is not in proof. The defendant must show that he did all he could to furnish the earliest possible passage, and as he had not proved that, he is liable for the passage money, unless he shows that he did offer this, and that it was refused, the plain tiff is entitled to recover. It rests with the jury to determine whether they will allow any thing for the expense of the de tention in Liverpool, or any thing more than the mere amount of the passage money, to dollar 3. The jury returned a- verdict for the plaintiff of 16 dollars with cost.. - THE LIVEI,POOI - 4 STANDARD, LONDON LATEST NEWS. Wednesday Evening, Half-past Seven o'clock. The death of the King of Spain is the sole topic of conversa tion here, and it has somewhat alarmed our speculators, lest it should lead to hostile demonstrations ou the part of the leading powerS. Already it is understood that a.Freuch army of obser vation is to be formed on the Spanish frontier; and the Russian envoy . at Madrid is in active intercourse with .the Spanish minister. •The French Fonds have fallen between 1 and 2 per cent., and our Money Market has been exceedingly dull to day, the quotation for Hui account having been done as low as 871 At the close of the Market the price was 87a, sellers. The demise of King Ferdinand caused Spanish to be done as high as 241, but it has not maintained this improvement, closing this afternoon at 233 3. The speculation in Portuguese Stock has not been on au extensive scale, the closing price was 231. Our Northern Bonds are 'very flat, and incline for a fall. Rus sian Bonds have receded to 1011 1021. Dutch to 481 • and Belgian to 931 1. Little has been done in Brazilian ionds, which are 684 ?I. Attempts are making here to revive the Company mania, and not a day elapses that some new one is not put forth. The Railroad Associations at present predomi- I nate ; but we have New Zealand, Pearl Fishery, Havauah Cigars, and other humbug attempts at duping; and we caution our country readers not to be led away by any of the tinsil pro mises of our worthies here. By letters from Smyrna to the sth ult., we are informed that the Prench squadron remained at Vourla, and that at the above date there was no English ship of war in port. The Acteou frigate had returned to Constantinople, together with the Hind cutter ; the Gem yacht arrived at Smyrna on the 24th of Au gust, and sailed again for the coast of Syria, having Lord Waterford on board. Accounts from Guadaloupe to the 20th August, state that all was perfectly tranquil there. The elections had commenced, but the colleges would not meet until the end of November. Late accounts from Bermuda state that some very severe weather had been experienced there, accompanied by thunder and lightning.' One of the barracks occupied by a part of the 71st regiment was struck, but fortunately the men escaped in jury, although the door was carried off the hinges. Letters from Leghorn to the 26th ult. state, that the depot of Wheat on the 23t1 contained 385,514 sacks of that grain. LOCAL NEWS. NEW MAGISTRATES.—Benjamin Heywood, Shakespeare Phillips, Daniel Broadhurst, and T. B. W. Sanderson, Esqrs., have been added to the commission of the peace for this divi sion of the county.—Manchester paper. DEATH BY DROWNI NG .-0 n Tuesday last an inquest was held at the house of. Mr. John Bradley, Wilton Arms, Pilkington, before Mr. I'arrand and a respectable jury, on view of the body of Sarah LOrnax, who was found drowned in the stall reserfoir . adjOining Mr. Morris's factory, Pilsworth. The deceased, who was upwards of sixty years of age, it is supposed went to the re servoir about four o'clock on the Monday morning, to fetch .a pitcher of water, and loosing her balance when stooping to get it fell in, and from her age and the suddenness of the shock was unable to get out, although the reservoir is not more than four or five yards square, and the water not more than three feet. deep. The pitcher was found near the body. Verdict, acciden tal death. CRICKET.—The Rochdale Cricket Club closed for the season . on Wednesday, the 2d instant, with playing a friendly match, the best 11 against 22; wickets pitched at ten o'clock.—The fol lowing is the result of the game : .The best 11 first innings..lo7 I The 22 first innings 59, second , 62 „ second „ 62 The eleven winning by 48 runs. After the match was over, both parties with their friends, about 60 in number, retired to the club-house, where they partook of an excellent dinner, provided by the landlord. The cloth being removed, appropriate toasts were given from the chair, and amongst them. the Manchester, Liverpool, and Burnley Cricket Clubs, which were all drunk with three times three and one cheer more. The commitee having engaged glee singers for the occasion, the evening was rendered more pleasant. The party did not separate until a late hour. The Rev. R. W. Jelf, tutor to Prince George of Cumberland, and his family, took their departure for Hamburgh on Wednes day morning, by the General Steam Navigation Company's mail packet Tourist. The crew of the Caledonia, whaler, arrived at Kirkaldy from Davis's Straits fishery, report having fallen in with the Alfred, whaler, of Hull, which had touched at a small island at the head of Lancaster Sound, where some of the men found ou the shore two or three portable soup canisters, and a quantity of tobacco pipes, on Which was stamped the word "Deptford." It wss conjectured (but with what degree of probability we can not venture to decide) that these articles had belonged to the unfortunate expedition of Captain Ross. At the place where they were found, there was not the slightest appearance which indicated that there had been any erections for shelter; but it is added, although we hope incorrectly, that the remains of a human hand were also picked up.--Dundee Advertiser. RATHER OMINOUS. — The Dublin Mail announces the sudden dissolution of The Dublin Times. It should seem that the name of its great progenitress is no longer a tower of strength behind which her offspring, who have located themselves throughout the country, can be sheltered from the attacks of their adversaries. The time has arrived when, to bear the name of The Times, or even the remotest degree of kindled to that old Puddle Dock beldame, is to be thought dull, base and venal. The whole family of The Times's, from the omnipotent THE, down to the lowest provincial drivellers of the clan that clothe themselves in any of her cast off apparel, are in the autumn of their prospe rity. Newspaper readers begin to ask "What's in a name ?" If we mistake not, the mortality in this blustering family is not yet ended-they all exhibit strong symptoms of being rather consumptive—we would advise all the minors of this race, as they cannot change the air, at least to change their names. The day is gone by for Times's of any kind—the name has out lived its reputation. On Tuesday morning last two horses with a cart were backed into the King's Dock.. The bystanders immediately exerted themselves to cut the traces, and by means of slings, &c., they fortunately were enabled to 0t the poor animals ashore witti, comparatively, little injury. . The Liverpool Medical Society beld its first meeting of this session, at the Royal Institution, ou Wednesday eveninglaat, when the officers for the ensuing year were elected. The four presidents chosen were, Dr. nutter, Dr. Carson, Mr. Chris tian, and Dr. Hunter Lane. _ _ _ INstiEsT.—On Tuesday last, an inquest was' held on, the body of Mary Harrison, wife of Robert Harrison, Shaw's-alley, who was burnt to death at about twelve o'clock the night be fore. It is supposed that the deceased, who had been to a neighbour's house a few minutes before eleven o'clock for a light, which seemed to have been placed on a chest of drawers in the house-part, had imprudently sat down too near to it, and fallen asleep. When discovered, the deceased was seated on a chair near to the drawers, upon which was a candlestick, but the candle had burnt out.—Verdict, Accidental. M. DE BERIOT'S CONCERT.—In our last number we alluded to a concert given by M. De Beriot and Madame Malibran, at the Amphitheatre, on Monday night, and stated our reason for not attending the performance. On the following day the con ductor of this affair called to inform us that tickets had been issued for the Liverpool press, and that it was owing to an acci dental omission that those intended for our use had not been properly forwarded to the STANDARD Office. Tickets being supplied, we attended the second concert on 'Wednesday even ing, and had the pleasure of hearing Madame Malibran sing once more "The deep, deep sea;" the "Provencal airs;" and so me very beautiful pieces of Italian music. M. De Beriot per formed two Fantasias on the Violin, in a brilliant and masterly style, which he was called upon to repeat. The fittings up of the theatre were the same as at the grand concerts during the festival, but we sadly missed the crowded audience, the full orchestra, and the other concomitants that gave a zest to the entertainments of this memorable week. Those of the audience who did not see the house in all its glory, and, consequently, were unconscious of its diminished lustre, enjoyed a good musi cal treat. We were much pleased with a concerto on the flute by Mr. Weiss. TITS LATE ALDERMAN PORTER.— We regret exceedingly that our obituary list of this week contains the name of an indi vidual whose kind and amiable qualities, in every relation of an active and useful life, were as highly appreciated by the respecta ble and enlightened connexion in which he moved, as his me mory will be respected now that they have to lament his depart ure. For several years Mr. Porter filled a large space in the public eye: his civic reign was one of unusual popularity. It fell to his share to lay the first stone of the new custom-house, — an event so interesting to this town, that it could not fail to excite a peat and general feeling of gratification, and was, acc ordingly, marked by uncommon ceremony and splendour; and the whole of his period of office was especially character ised by a zealous devotion to the high and arduous duties which devolve upon the chief magistrate of a town which is second to none in the empire, save the metropolis itself. Upright, intelli gent, patient, and humane as a magistrate, urbane and hospi table in the less essential duties of his office, he has, since his elevation to the bench, fulfilled the various engagements of public life with a disinterested prodigality of labour which would have been highly creditable to any one in perfect health, a blessing which it was not his happiness to enjoy for several years previously to his decease. On Friday last, the vessels in the docks, foreign as well as English, had their flags lowered half-mast, a token of mourning rendered to the lamented gentle man as having been 'a member of the Dock Committee, in which, as well as in the Common Council, he has left a place to be filled up. The remains of the highly-respected alderman were interred in the family vault at Walton-on-the-Hill, on Monday last. By . special request, we understand, the funeral ceremony was strictly private; Otherwise, there is no doubt, it would have called forth a simultaneous display, of respect from, hi§_fellow-townsmen, by whom no one ever lived more deservedly beloved or respected than the late' Mr. Porter.—L'pool Courier. The Infanta Maria Isabella Louisa, who succeeds to the throne of Spain, under the name of Isabella 11., is three years old; she was born the 10 th of October , 1830. The Queen Mother, Maria Christina, is twenty-seven : her sister the In fanta Louisa Charlotte, who is a woman of extraordinary accomplishments and powers of mind, and is said to have great influence over her, is two years older. Ferdinand was forty-nine years old; his brother on Carlos is forty-five ; and Don Francisco de P D aula, the third brother, and husband of the Princess Louisa Charlotte, is only thirty-four. Don Carlos has a son aged fifteen. — Messager des'Chambres. SOMERVILLE, THE PATRIOTIC EX-PRIVATE.—OUT readers are no doubt aware that this man has run from Edinburgh to Ame rica, leaving . his creditors in the lurch. He had lately opened a tap-room in Rose-street, and, on the strength of the funds subscribed by the reforming gulls throughout the country, he got tick to a fair amount. Like many other patriots, he has fled to the land of liberty with as much cash in his pockets as he could scrape together. We have hitherto refrained from noticing this appropriate close of a farce got up by the op ponents of military flogging and the friends of refractory poli tical privates. We had expected that the gentlemen of the press amongst us, who had elevated this man to the rank of a herca and a martyr, would have noticed the event, and tendered some explanation or lamentation on the occasion. We have waited iu vain—the Whig and the radical presses are " mum"; Why is this, men of the Mercury and Scotsman? Somerville was one of your staunch contributors; you must regret the loss of such au ally. Why, then, not express your sympathising feeling ? It is " too bad." And, then, Messrs. 'Hume and 'i'ait, why are you silent? Your protege has done you much credit. Ile has proved himself a true patriot—no doubt, under your tuition; you ought to reckon him amongst your " apt scholars." We do not say that you advised him to make him self scarce; we only hint that he has not unprofitably listened to your political lessons. Mr. Tait has published the praise of debt—the practice of swindling is only an extension of the idea. But, seriously, Mr. Tait, we ask you, did you not know years ago that Somerville was a swindler? Yet you polled the fel low, as if he had been an honester man than Lord Alt.horpe. What can be said of such conduct, Mr. Tait? For ourselves, we are not at all astonished that Somerville has proved the rogue we always knew him to be; it is only matter of surprise to us that he did not long ago reach the ,allows at home, or the galleys in Botany Bay. Johnson used to say, that " patriot ism is the last refuge of a scoundrel." Looking at the career of Somerville and others, who can deny the force of the remark ? Yet the public are gulled by the pretensions of men of a like kidney; nor will all the examples of knavery which are held . up to their gaze better their judgments. The History of this man Somerville, combined with the tricks of his patrons, we recom mend as an instructive study. —Edin burgh . Evening Press. . EXECUTION AT STIRLING. On Wednesday morning last, in pursuance of his sen tence at our late Circuit Court of Justiciary, Robert Tenant was executed in front of the Court House, Broad street, Stirling, for the murder of William Peddle on the road near Beancross, in the parish of Falkirk, on 31 August last. The barbarous nature of the attack, and the cruelty of the means by which the aged victim was bereft of life, rendered it all but certain that the conviction of the murderer would be followed by a ca pital punishment; and although the humane feelings of the Jury prompted them to recommend the unhappy man' to mercy, the faintest belief could hardly have been entertained that his was a case in which an exten sion of the royal clemency would take place. The un happy man slept little or none the night preceding his execution. At seven o'clock on Wednesday morning he was waited on by the Rev. Mr. Bennie, and shortly after wards by the Rev. Mr. Leitch, who joined with him in prayer and praise, and religious conversation, which oc cupied the time till the fatal hour arrived. The religious services accustomed to be performed before appearing on the scaffold being concluded, the unhappy young man was then led forward. through the Court House to the gibbet. All being ready, the unhappy .criminal stood trembling for a few seconds, vith his hands uplifted, and engaged in uttering such ejaculatory expressions as these, " God," "0 God have . mercy," &c., and having given the signal, the drop fell at twenty-five minutes past eight o'clock. The ill-fated youth, whose untimely end we have now recorded, was about twenty-fonr years of age, and a native, we believe, of the parish of Falkirk. If not under the immediate influence of intoxication at the moment of committing the fatal deed, he was certainly in a phrenetic state, engendered by a course of intem perance. After he was in custody on the charge, the re collection of the commission of the crime, he said, " ap peared like a dream to him." INDECENT OUTRAGE.—The executioner had come from Etlinburgh some days previously, and, intending to re turn by one of the steam-boats, was proceeding thesame day to the shore through the Castle-hill, when he was. recognised. A crowd soon collected, and followed him till he reached some gardens near the bridge, into one of which he took shelter, to escape the vengeance of the low disorderly mob, who, by this time, had become quite outrageous. They pursued him into the garden, where they got hold of him, and struck and abused him. See ing that his life was in imminent peril, he made a des perate effort to escape out of their hands, and having succeeded, he ran towards the river, followed by the crowd, who showered stones after him, several of which struck him. On reaching the river, he plunged in, and swam towards the opposite side, where, fortunately, a person happened to be standing, who not only aided him in getting out of the water, but was serviceable in rescu ing him from the crowd, who no sooner saw their victim swimming towards the opposite side than they crossed the river by the bridge, and would, in all probability, have taken the man's life, had not information of the outrage been early communicated to a number of the high constables, who instantly proceeded to the spot, drove off the crowd, and conveyed the man to jail for safety. Thev not only succeeded in rescuing the man, but in apprehending two men, still in custody, and charged with being most actively engaged in the assault. FATAL DUEL IN INDIA. Mr. Charles Gerrans Phillips, Mr. Thomas Etheridge, and Mr. Frederick Henry Thompson, were lately tried in the Supreme Court at Bombay, for the murder of Mr. Witchet Kean Hawkins in a duel fought at Singapore. The decea s ed was a midshipman on board his Majesty's ship Curacoa. Mr. Phillips and Mr. Etheridge were mates in the same vessel. Mr. Thompson was a super numerary mate waiting to join his own ship. The wit nesses who were examined proved that on the 19th of last August, when the Curacoa was at Singapore at the south ern entrance of the Straits of the Malacca, the prisoners and the deceased went ashore, having obtained leave from the lieutenant; who was not aware of the intended meeting. The first lieutenant, Mr. Fletcher, went ashore the same afternoon, accompanied by Mr. Foley, the second lieute nant, Lord H. Russell, and a midshipman, and met the prisoners at the Residency at three o'clock. Mr. Fletcher afterwards met them at an inn at Singapore, and asked them where they were going? They said they were go ing to take a walk, and they parted, the prisoners going one way and Mr. Fletcher another. Mr. Fletcher, on returning from the Residency between seven and eight in the evening, again met Mr. Etheridge and Mr. Thomp son. Mr. Etheridge said he had something serious to communicate. Mr. Fletcher asked him what it was ? and he said a duel had taken place between Mr. Phillips and Mr. Hawkins, in which Mr. Hawkins had been wounded, and that the parties themselves wished the captain to be immediately informed of it. Mr. Etheridge added, that it had been a very fair duel—that ,he had seconded Mr. Phillips, and that Mr.Tliompson had seconded Mr. Haw• kins. It appeared that the deceased received his adver sary's shot in the hip, and instantly fell. ~ Mr, . 'hillips immediately ran to him, and, shaking him by the hand, said, " Well, Hawkins, this must settle all our differences." The deceased was taken on board the ship, where he survived six days. Mr. Fletcher stated, in his examination, that Mr. Phillips told him, with a great deal of earnestness and fervour, that no man in the world could more deeply deplore the lamentable issue than himself, and that what ever form of trial took place he was perfectly resigned to meet it. The p r i soners , a t th e sug gestion of their coun sel, declined making any defence. Several of their fellow officers proved that each of the prisoners possessed a most humane and amiable character. The jury, after a con sultation of fifteen minutes, brought in a verdict of not guilty in favour of all the prisoners, who were 'immedi ately discharged, and received the warm congratulations of their numerous friends and brother officers. HANOVER OCT. I.—The determination of His M a j est y the Rill, with respect to the proposals of the States, concerning the fundaniental law of the kingdom, was received this day by the Ministry, together with the Royal rescript, dated the 26th of September.—Haneversche Zeituny. QUITE A GENWS!—A gentleman of Wakefield received on Tuesday the following brief evidence from Manchest er of t h e School master ' s boasted march ;—" Sir I am sorry to inform you that y our h ore i s d ea d . Hi s longs and his liver was quite destroyed as I have scen him hopened. The medicine is 4 shillings Attendance 4." Then followed the name, which we o mit; and the learned phy . sicker of horseflesh writes himself " vetney surgent." The rin the last word is an after-thought, and is honourably distinguished wite a towering situation over the j q. SQUIRES AND GENTLEMEN.—On Friday, a return was made at Chelmsford by the overseers of the jury lists in the different parishes, and a long di scus sion took place as to who were in reality " Esquires," many persons being described by that title. The Bench said esquire was as much a title of honour as baron or knight. .Blackst o n e Burn, and other authorities , were referred to, and th e Bench said it seemed to be a general oninion that Property to the amount of £3OO or £5OO a-year woukt confer the title ; but this was a mistake. No property, however large,. would confer it. They, therefore, would give the parties notice that, if they did not appear on Tuesday, and show cause to the contrary, the " Esquire" would be struck out. No one ap peared, and the " Esquire" was accordingly struck out, the word " Gentleman" being substituted.—Colchester Gazette. MOST EXT RAORDINARY AFFAIR AT MILTON, NEAR NORTH AMPTON.—On Friday week, John Benton, Esq., accompanied by two legal gentlemen from London, arrived i n this quiet vil lage, and was received with cries of " Benton for ever." He stated he came to take possession of an estate of which he had been illegally deprived. He took four men of Northampton with him, and on reaching the first gate on the property he put a , lock upon it, and also upon other gates on the farm. He ordered the men t o drive off the cattle, which was done, and his party then went to the homestead, where he forcibly entered the yard gates and proceeded to the house-door, which Mr. Gough, under -tenant of Mr. Sharman, the tenant in posses sion, locked. Mr. Benton, however, succeeded in entering the house. On the following afternoon, Earl Euston, Mr. Wilkinson (partner of Mr. Peppercorn, who holds the estate,) and Mr. Sharman, came to remonstrate with Mr.:Benton. He told them he was acting under advice, and was prepared to abide the consequences. The party then admonished Mr. Ben ton not to touch the corn; but M r B en t on, on Monday, or dered a thrashing-machine to be erected, and several' men, about 2 o'clock, commenced th ras hi ng ou t the corn. About 3 o'clock a party of eight constables appeared wills a warrant to arrest Mr. Benton and the four men in possession of the house. Mr. Benton requested the manager of the machine to continue thrashing, and also ordered four of the thrashers to take pos session of the house, which they did. On Tuesday another party of constables apprehended them, and also five men en gaged iu thrashing. Earl Euston, Mr. B ouver ie, and ' Mr. Rokeby, the magi s t ra t es , committed Mr. Benton on a charge of felony, and th e n i ne thrashers on a charge of felony, and three of the Men first apprehended on a charge of riot.—North anipton. Herald. DUNDEE.—INCREASE OF TRADE.—No less than 73 vessels have arrived in the month of September, from foreign ports, whose registered tonnage amounts to 11,200 tons. Of these upwards of 60 are from the Baltic, including Archangel, with cargoes consisting of flax, hemp, and codilla, to the extent of nearly 8,000 tons, being more than the whule amount which was imported a few years ago. Of the above number of vessels 11 are Prussian, from the lower ports. Their rate of freight is from 335. to 375. per ton, for flax, which shows the advantage of free trade to our manufactures, while, at the same time, it must be obvious that the expense of outfit and wages to our ship owners aie such as will not admit of their contending success fully with foreigners. In these circumstances, government should give every aid in their power by the reduction of taxa tion on every article connected with our shipping. The heavy arrivals have occasioned a temporary dulness in the.flax market, which may be quoted at from 20s. to 30s. per ton lower within the last ten days; but, considering the increased 6ansumption, arising from the additional machinery now in motion here, and the demand from other places, this town being now the empo rium forelax, it is calculated that 20,000 tons of flax would re quire to be imported this year to meet the demand in the market. DUEL BETWEEN TWO FRIENDS.—OBC day, after dinner, two officers in a celebrated Irish regiment, and very intimate friends, haying . carricd'their badinage beyond the precision of military punctilio, a major and a captain, well known for their Jove of duelling, interfered, and at length gave the young friends to understand that they must have a shot or two at one another. As they walked to the field of blood, without a grain of ani mosity against one another, but of no little displeasure against their friends upon the occasion, who would listen to no excuse, apology, or explanation, Calamy, having a moment's oppor tunity of speaking to Trollope apart, whispered—"l'll lire at your second, if you'll fire at mine." "Agreed," replied Trol lope. When they came upon the ground, and ail due pre liminaries had taken place, off went their pistols together in a straight line at their seconds. The major and the captain were startled, and were found very ready to settle the aficiar.—From Consequences of an Irish Ckaring. SPORTING INT EL4 GE.NCE. The only important affair on the turf at present attracting Lb attentiou of our Lancashire arid Cheshire sportsmen is the Holy well Hunt Meeting, which 'opens on Tuesday next, and bids fair to furnish ample sport to those who intend -to tiouour this cele brated Cambrian course by a visit. The most interesting and sporting contest, it is anticipated, will be the race ter the Mostvu Stakes—the Mostyn mile. Cirincellor andPerseyerance are the favourites, and continue neck and neck fur' precedence .in the odds; they, of course, are not entered, as no entry takes place before Monday next; - but, as they are both theite, "Ma not en tered for any other race, no doubt is entertained hut - they urn gone for the Mostyn Mile Stakes. SinC e o ur l as t another Can didate has entered the field for the saMe stake, tiz., Diana, who has been backed at Sto 1. Birdcatch er and Jack Failcett re main iu the same situation as last quoted. The stapes are of ten sovereigns each, and the follkiwing thirty-two noblemen and gentlemen are the subscribers:--4.ord Gre - N 7 of 0 - roby, J. Cotes, Esq., J. Douglass, Esq., .Lord Mostyn, E. Getecre, Esq., Henry Bold Houghton, Esq., R. M. Biddulph, Esq., F. It. Price, Esq., W. 'Wynne, .Esq., T. L eg h,- E sq ., Si r R. W. Bulkeley, Bart., l l .ouourable E. M. Mostyn, honourable P. S. L4d, C. J. Stanley, Esq.; 'l'. W. Gifford Esq., the Hon. R. B. Wilbraham, W. M. Stanley, E sq ., R. I;:rrington, Esq., Hon. E. G. Stanley, R. W. Vaughan, Esq, J. L. Wynne, Esq., Sir J. Williams, Bart., Sir J. Hamner- Bart. 0. F.''Aler rick, Esq., Sir R. Hill, Bart., Sir' E. J. Smyth, Bart., W., Childe Esq,: W. Yates, 14:sq., Si r Thos. ;Massa Stanley, Preis 11lostyn, Esq., Sir E. Mostyu,- Bart., and the 'Marquis of Westminster. . . The above race will be the first. on Tuesday,. the Champagne, the Produce, the Taffy, the Chieft a i n , an d £5O Sweepstakes Will follow. The appointments for Wedne s d a y are th e Silver Tureen, the Post Sweep, the Gold Cup, and the Pengwern Stakes. For Thursday the Hawarden Castle Stakes, the Baron Hill Stakes, the St. Winifred, the Handicap, the Free Handi cap, and the Hokee Pokee Stakes. For the Cup, Birdcatcher and Jack Fawcett are the favourites, and for the two year-ofd's Vittoria is the most fancied. The Notti ng h am . races - com menced on Wednesday, and conclude this day, there are some excellent horses entered for the various races, amongst them we may enumerate Independence, Como], Mussulman, Wolver hampton, David, and Titus for the cup, but the betting in Lan, cashire upon any of the Nottingham events has been very trifling, owing to the hard nature of the course at that place. The following is the latest state of the odds:— THE MOSTYN MILK.-5 to 2 agst Chancellor, (t); sto 2 agst Perseverance, (t) ; 5 to 1 agst Birdcatcher, (t); 6 to 1 agst Jack 'Fawcett, (t); 8 to 1 agst Diana, 10 to 1 agst any other. THE GARDEN STAKES at Newmarket Second October Meet ing, next Monday . ,-5 to 2 agst Kate, (t); 3to 1 agst Whale; 5 to 1 agst Rounctval, 5 to 1 agst Hawker, 7 to 1 agst Basto. CLEARWELL STAKES at Newmarket, on Tuesday next.-5 to 2 agst &made (t); 3to 1 ag,st Louisa. LEGER.-20 to 1 agst colt by Lottery out of din, (tk) ; none others named. THE DERBI.-121 to 1 agst Mr. Watt's Bubastes, (t).; 16 to 1 agst Duke of Cleveland's Guardian, (t) ; 17 to 1 agst Duke or •Grafton's Olympic, 18 to 1 agst Captain Gardnor's Comet, (t) ; 20 to 1 agst Col. Cradock's Emigrant, 20 to 1 agst Mr. Chifney's colt, 20 to 1 agst Mr. Walker's Delirium, (t). THE OAKS.-8 to 1 agst Mr. Walker's Cotillion, (t) ;12to 1 agst Mr. Stonehewer's (t) ; 14 to 1 agst Mr. Forth's Louisa,- 14 to 1 agst the Duke of Grafton's Dublin, 20 to 1 agst Mr. Neville.'s Arnado, (t) ; 20 to 1 agst Duke of Grafton's Prudence filly, 20 to 1 agst Mr. Bigg's Sister to Muley Moloch, 25 to cast Mr. Etvill's Maid of Underley, (t). FAHION, FACTS, AND FICTIONS. It is rumoured (but we do not vouch for the accuracy of the report) that their Majesties contemplate sojourning three or four days at St. James's Palace, previou s ly to th e i r visit to the Pavillion at Brighton ; in which case, it is added, their Majes ties will visit each of the patent theatres. The Duke of Wellington, it is understood, will remain a fortnight longer at Weimer Castle, with the party now on a visit to his Grace. In consequence of numerous applications received by the Duke, he has deemed it necessary, it is said, to prevent trouble and further importunities, to luive a lithogra phic letter prepared announcing that "he holds no communi cation with the Irish government." Lord Barham and his newly-married lady (late Lady Frances Jocelyn) have been added to the numerous fashionable Con tinental tourists. They have taken their departure from Bar ham Court, near Maidstone, for Paris, whence they travel through Lyons, Savoy, Turin, Milan, Florence, and Rome, and take up their residence at Naples, where so many of our no bility will likewise remain during the winter. Prior to their departure they paid a visit to Sir Gerard Noel, the venerable parent of ins lordship, at Exton Park, in Rutlandshire. The eldest daughter of 'Sir Bethel and the Hon. Lady Cod rington, is about to bestow her h an d on Sh aw, E sq.. o f Queen knne-street. The ceremony is expected to take place in about a fortnight. Earl Dudley's will has at last been proved, and probate granted for 1,:g50,000, personal property, within the province of Canterbury. His lordship has written a codicil, in his own very neat autograph, upon note paper, by which he l eaves L a dy Lyndhurst an annuity o f £2,006 a-year, to be paid to her self quarterly. If she attempts to sell or dispose of the annuity, it becomes void. He likewise, by a codicil, written by himself, leaves an annuity of £BOO a-year to his friend Mrs. Spencer, the wife of William Spencer, the poet, who is in Paris; and a legacy of £25,000 to Mrs. Spencer's son, to he paid to him when he is twenty-five years of age.—Morning paper. _ . The Marquis of Anglesey left town on Monday for Dover, with his fatuity and their physician, Sir James Murray, on their way to Paris, Lyons, Nice, &c.. to winter at R ome . _ _ General Mina, who has been for some time in this country for the benefit of his health, is on the point of taking his de 'parture for Paris and the south of France. The death of Fer dinand has accelerated his departure, in the hope that his ser vices will be of importance to the young Queen at this moment, as 'he has a very great influence with the Constitutional party. —Globe. We bare just heard that Don Carlos has left Portugal, and, it is said that he may be proclaimed at Toledo. There is n o doubt of his having goneinto Spain.—Globe. The General Steam Navigation Company's packn', - the Att wood, from Rotterdam, arrived off the Custom-house on Sun day last. The Columbine, from Hamburg, same .morning, having made the passage in fifty-two hours. It also made the passage to Hamburg from London, last week, in the short period of fifty-one hours. The Harlequin, from Calais, at a quarter-past three o'clock, p.m., same day, having made the passage in nine hours and forty-five minutes. The Harlequin always - makes quick pas Sages across, but the one of Sunday was remarkably so. MARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFE.—On Monday.morning the much talked-of marriage of Viscount Fordwicb, the eldest son and heir of Earl and Countess Cowper, with Lady Anne Florence de Grey, eldest daughter of Earl and Countess de Grey, was so lemnised at St. James's Church, in the presenee of a select party of the relatives and friends of the two noble - families. After the ceremony Earl and Countess de Grey gave a dejeuiie a la fourchette at their mansion, in St. James's -square, to a dis tinguished party of forty individuals. Amongt wliton were pre sent—Prince and Princess Lieven, Prince Paul Lieven Prince Esterhazv, Earl of Ripon,. Earl and Count ess Cowper, Lord and Lady Ashley, Countess of Sandwich, Earl of Sandwich, Countess of Jersey, Hon. Captain Vyner and Lady Mary Vyner, Lord Palmerston, Prussian Minister, Danish Minister, and Baroness Blom, &c. After receiving the congratulations of their numerous friends, the newly-married couple left town in their new travelling equipage for Pansanger, Hertfordshire, to pass the honeymoon. CAUSES OF BANKRUPTCY.—A return was some time ago ob tained from the Bankruptcy Court, of what - ;in the opinion of the judges, had been the main cause of the different bankrupt c i es . Of 500 cases which had been investigated by the court,. upwards of 400 were stated to be caused by expensive living. A HINT TO TOURISTS.—A trial took place last week at Boulogne, in which a son of Sir William Clayton, Bart., pro secuted 'a French tailor, named Mulliere,. for fatse arrest and surcharge. The defence set up was that, as the family lived en Prince, they could well afford to be cheated. A n English seigneur, it was argued, ought to be charged more than a simple bourgeois. We hope our fashionable emigre's will bear this in mind before they leave their native land, which they are now doing in shoals. AN AMERICAN JURY.—A jury, which bad previously retired to deliberate, came into court, and proceeded in the usual form to deliver their vet diet. It was not without astonishment, 1 confess, that I remarked that three-fourths of the jurymen were engaged in eating bread and cheese, and that the fore man actually announced the verdict with his mouth full, eject ing the disjointed syllables during the intervals of mastication ! —Men and Manners in America. - AN ACTOR DAMNING HIMSELF.—On Thursday the tragedy of Othello' was performed at Cambridge theatre, • for the pur pose of introducing Mr. S. Smith as Othello, and Mr. Reynolds as lago. At the conclusion Mr. Smith was - loudly called for. He said he thought they had seen enough of him in the course of the evening—he was aware he had made a total failur.. He had given but - a schoolboy's reading to the part—a mere water colour sketch. If he had succeeded, he meant to have tried Richard the Third; but as he had failed, he took his leave of the stage for ever—he should never. appear befote them again. He felt himself totally unequal to the task, but he had done his best (cries of "Bravo, live and learn.") "Ekactly . - so," and he therefore would take his leave. We cannot give a better critique of Mr. Smith's exhibition than was contained in his own speech. The other actors were more successful.—Cam bridge Press. A GRAIN. OF WIIEAT IN A BUSKEL. OF CHAFF.—Pew scribblers have penned greater trash than "Achille: Murat," and yet he sometimes ofiers good advice. Speaking of a per son desirous of emigrating to America, he says,- . " But if he is not very much persecuted in his own country, or if his love fur our institutions rs not extreme, I advise him to remain at home." LEs BRAVES BELGEs.=—Leopold's soldiers seem to be de serting to - France in numbers, for the Prefect of Lille has issued a- circular. letter to the mayors of his department, de siring them to remonstrate with the said warriors on the ho propriety of their conduct. Lawyers • and law-hunters complain that durinr , the-present long vacation it has hitherto been difficult to ad a judge in London, either in chambers or elsewhere. Lord Chief Justice Denman doubtless finds the work of Term and Sittings at least as muchas he can manage. Such complaints, however, used not to be made. DArc YOU'Rc NVANTED.--" l‘lurat" says, The Creek (Indian,) or the Cherokee, is more .ciyilite'd than the Irish or Austrian peasant. IC the Big Becgarnraa does not call his brother Liberal to an account, lie Ought no longer to live mt the eleemosynary c ontrile.tions of the ' finest pisantry in the world.'" GARDEN OF PLANTS IN PARIS.—The Garden of. Plants has been enriched with a variety of new and intoesting living ani mals. Among them are some chinchillas and didelphi, and two chameleons from Algiers, with two other reptiles of the same class, called Protees Anguillards, but which live constantly in the water.. They resemble eels in their form, but are of a light, dirty rose colour, having a hood or topping streaked with a bright red. They have four small paws scarcely distinguishable, and can only live in a very obscure light. They were presented by a merchant of Liverpool, who brought them froin the grotto of the Magdalen, near Trieste. They cost him great care and trouble, as he kept theni for five months, changing their water daily, without which they cannot lire. •• THE •BREEIHNG BROOD.—The appointments of the Greys have become so numerous that they bewilder us. Enumerate them we cannot. It is impossible. Nor can we conceive from where all the Greys proceed. Such swarms of locusts were never before let loose upon any country. The ministerial papers tell us, that " Earl Grey has, within these few days, appointed one of his nephews, Mr. C. Grey, to the situation of Clerk in the Treasury." Now that is true enough ; and it is also true that ,?arl Grey has given a place to another nephew in the colonies.— Further, it is true that one of these nephews is a son of Bishop Grey—poor man—his family wants assistance!— a»d that he was with a bill-broker in Abchurch-lane. Verily, show us a place, and we will show you a Grey, for inexhaustible is the breeding brocd.-7Q/ii EtVancl,