The Sun. — London, England, 1857-01-08 00:00:00

THE PUNjAI7B RAILWAY COMPANY.— Frcnn Monl+an-fo Llbbre and Umri +sir, being an Extensio❑ of the Sciude Railway, and now under survey, with the sanction of the Hon. East India Company. Offices-- Gresham House, Old Broad-street. To be incorporated by Act of Parliament. Capital, 2,500,0001., in 125,000 shares of 201. each (with pswer to increase). Two-fifths of the shares to be allotted to the shareholders in the Scinde Railway C mpany, in the proportion of two shares in the Punjaub Railway Com pany for every one share in the Scinde Railway Company. The directors have every expectation, on the completion of the survey, of obtaining from the Hon. East India Company the same terms and conditions as those granted to the Scinde Zailway Company. Deposit, 2s. per share. CHAIRMAN. W. P. ANDREW, Esq , 26, Montague-square (Chairman of the Scinde Railway Company). DIRECTORS. Sir Maalox MADDOCIC . , M.P. (Lite Deputy-Governor of Ben gal, Director of the Scinde Railway Company). J. EDMUND ANDERDON, Esq. (Director of the Bank of London and Scinde Railway Company). HARRY BORRADAILS, Esq. (late Bombay Civil Service, Director of the Scinde Railway Company). THOMAS WILLIAMS, Esq., Grove-end road, Regent's -park (Di. rector of the Scinde Railway Company). Engineer—T, A. Yarrow, Esq., C. E. (Engineer to the Scinde Railway Company). Bankers—Messrs Smith, Payne, and Co. Solicitors—Messrs. Marten Thomas and Hollams. Superintending Engineer in the Punjaub —W. Brunton, Esq., C.E. Agent in India—J. Neville Warren, Esq. (Agent to the Scinde Railway Company). Secretary—Thomas Burnell, Esq. This company is established to introduce Railways into the Punjaub, commencing at Mooltan, and proceeding to Lahore and Umritsir. The line will ho about 230 miles in length, and will be con nected with the Scinde Railway by an improved system of Steam Navigation between Hyderabad, the upper terminus of the Scindo Railway and Mooltan, and will place Lahore, Umritsir, and other important to erns in communication with Kurrachee, the natural port of Scinde, the Punjaub, and lisighbouring territories. " Lahore, situated on the Itavee, is the capital of the Pun janb and the seat of its political administration. The town is very extensive, and carries on a brisk internal trada. The civil station of Anarkullee, and the large military station of Meean Meer, are likewise attached to it Umritsir, the commercial capital of the Punjaub, distant 3F miles, is at least equal, if not superior, to De hi, in population and wealth. The intervening country is level, and without even a nullah of any size, and an intercourse of so great an extent is maintained between them that the road is literally thronged day and night with every description of wheeled vehicle, horses, camels, &c. , and foot passengers ; in short, more resembling the street of a town than a mere communica tion between two cities so far apart. Umritsir is the grand entrepot for the commerce of the cis-Sutlej States—the rich and mountainous region eastward to Rote Kangra—the horses, fruits, and woollens of Cahill and Bokhara, the shawls and other produce of Cashmere, Yarkhand, and the mountainous country towards the north-east—in fact, of the whole Pun jaub and the countries encircling it, are here concentrated. Mooltan is a large town and military station on the Sutlej or Ghara, so termed after its conjunction with the Boas. It is quickly becoming an important emporium, for it is the con necting link to the trade of Northern with South-Westeru India, or rather Bombay and Europe. Kurrachee, situated at the mouth of the Indus, is fast advancing into prosperity and into notice as a seaport ; it will probably soon be known as the first in the empire, being superior to Calcutta, Madras, or even Bombay-"--t 'alcutta Englishman. Sir Justin Sheil, late British Ambassador in Persia, has re cently advocated the great political advantages to be derived "from a railway running the whole length of the left bank of the Indus." For commercial and social as well as state purposes, the improvement of the transit along this ancient line of commu nication has become a necessity. The local authorities, especially Mr. Bartl e F rere, t h e Com missioner in Scinde, and Sir John Lawrence, the Chief Com missihner in the Punjaub, concur in the necessity of affording to the provinces drained by the Indus and its tributaries a free access to their port of shipment. The latter of these dis tinguished gentlemen, in a recent despatch to the Govern. ment of India, makes the following forcible remarks : " Indeed, these two essentials, viz , the railroad and the steamers, may be said with truth to be the crying wants of the Punjaub in the dc partment of public works. Them pro. vided, the commerce and produce of those territories will be turned to their due course, viz,, the Indus and its feed ers, and to their natural outlet, viz., the p or t o f Kurra " " For the railroad the face of the. Doab offers an unusual equality of surface. The Chief Commissioner, while depre cating any general extension of the public works department in the Punjaub fortbe present, would yet beg most earnestly to press these cardinal objects on the attention of the Go vernment. He believes that, if carried out, they would effect more for the development of the resources or those territories than any other work, or number of works, that could be devised." A railway from Mooltan to Lahoro and Umritsir would not only afford an outlet to the impeded traffic of the Punjaub and neighbouring territories, but would of n ecess it y greatly enhance the imp or t ance and value of the line from Km rachee to Hyderabad. Scinde and the Punjaub (including the States Under control), cover an area of 139,000 square miles, with a population of nearly twenty-five millions. The flower of the European and native army occupies these provinces, and numbers 70,010 men, more than 15,000 of whom are Euro peans._ - The Directors having received official information that the views long entertained by them, as to the best mode of in troducing improved means of transit along the line of the In dus, has been approved by the local authorities, and permis sion having been obtained from the Honourable East India Company, for making the necessary surveys of the county between Mooltan, Lahore, and Umritsir, a superintending engineer of ability and experienoe, with a carefully selected staff of six engineers, loft England for India on the 4th of Sep. tembeflast. Sneh'deed as the Directors may consider proper for the in regulation ef the Company, and for carry i ng out the objects view, will be prepared • and if any Shareholder should fail to execute the same, /or one month after the publication of a notice, in the Times newspaper, calling on the Propietora so to do, his Shares, with the deposit paid thereon, will be come forfeited to the us e o f the Company - FORM OF APPLICATION FOR SMARR% To the Directors of the Punjaub Railway Company. I request you will allot to me shares in the capital or the above -named C ompany, and I hereby engage to accept the same or any les s num b er, on the terms of the Pros pectus, and to pay the amount thereof, and sign the deed of settlement as and when required by the Directors, and subject to their rules and regulations Name (in full) Occupation Address and date Referee • t, NOTICB OF REMOVAL. nRITISH NATION LIFE ASSURAN CE AAP A SSOCIATION.—The Business of this Association is row e endueted at the New Offices of the Association, 291, REOE NT STREET (near the Polytechnic Institution), where it is requestel all cairn:tunic:diens may be addressed. Ch O HENRY LAKE, Manager and Secretary lefffices,'29l, Regent-street, London. W., January 7th. 1857. ORRISTMAS , PRE'SRNTS. T liFf 'tlee of th e f ee li ngs, amid scenes of gaiety, Induces the fair and youthini to shine to advantage under the gaze of many friends, and therefore to devote especial attention to the duties of the toilet. It is at this festive seaeoa that ROWLANDS' MACASSAR For creating and sustaining a luxuriant head of hair ; ROWLANDS' KALYDOR, For rendering the skin soft, fair, aed blooming ; and ROWLANDS' ODONTO, or Pearl Dentifrice, For Imparting a pearl-like whiteness to the teeth, are called Into in cret sed requisition, to the attainment of those personal advantages so tbtiversally s light flu' and admired. Br ware of spurious imitations ! The only genuine of each bears the t ante of "Rowlands" preceding that of the article on the wrapper or la. el. Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, Hatton-garden, London, and L v Chemists and Perfumers. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road. Pat ron — The QUEEN. —Fousded 1828. The li ck Poor are admitted on their own application alone; no re coMmandatien is required. Ouring the past month the following number received the benefits of this Charity, either as out or in-door patients, on their personal aonilcation:— ....., ..... ...... Week ending 7th November - Ditto —....— Ditto 2,154 14 th November.... • • 2,043 Ditto ' , 4 21 st November.... • • 1 , 9 72 _ .....,. 28 th November ___ A and 30th No vember.. • • ...is.— •••••••...... Total in November • of which 2,775 were new clues, the rernal .. t;d . e . r (still B7l7 under treat- The having been admitted previously. The clergy of all denominations have unlimited access to the patients. sive Heavy f expenses are In incurred in affording suc h eaten thee public, The Committee, theretore, earne s tl y entreat the aid of The management of the Hospital is in the hands of 30 Governors yearly elected from the general list of subscribers, at the Annual General Meeting in January. A Board is held every Thursday at 4 o'clock (Rev. J. B. Owen, Chairman). to conduct the business, when subscriber may attend, if so disposed, the Board being at all times desirous of receiving stiggestions or giving explanation. The Hospital is not endowed, but is wholly dependent on volun tary contributions and legacies, which are received by the Treasurer, John Masterman, Esq., M.P., Nicholas-lane ; also b y M essrs. Coutta sm i th, Payne, and Co.; Glyn and and Co.; Drummond and Co.; Berries a n d Co.; Ransom and Co. ; Prescott, Grote, and C o . ; Jones Loyd and C o . ; B arc l a y a n d Co. ; D en i soh and Co. ; William Co. s. ; Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and Co. ; Nisbet and Co., Bei.- ners-street ; Westerman and Co.; and at the Hospitai. Clothing for the d es tit ute p a ti en ts will be thankfully received. By order. J. B. OWEN, M.A., Ch a i rman. ..........._ A N om' AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCR OF MEDICINE. patent Office Seal of Great Britain. Diplome d'Ecole de Pharmacie Ph artnacien de Paris. I mper i al C ollege of M e di c i ne , Vienna. TRIESEMAR No. 1,2, and 3, prepared in the form of a lozenge, 4 evold of tast e or smell, and can be carried in the waistcoat pocket. Bold in ti n cages, divided into separate doses, as administered by Yalpeau, Lallemand, Roux, Ricord, &c., Ste. riiIIIESEMAR No. 1 is a Remedy for RE „s'...._ LAXATION, r• PERMATORRIREA, and all the distressing roo"feenences arising from early abuse, indiscriminate excesses, or too et,,,Lnt!ildence in hot climates. It has restored bodily and sexual vrhatevere ne,,,firtit,tnd vigour to thousands of debilitated individuals who are e aleYihent of health and the Functions of Manhood; and . Itlatax „alaY be . the cause for DISQUALIFICATIONS for MAR ' 4, eY are effectually subdued by this Wonderful Discovery eftectualiy TRIESEMAR No. 11., eradte, tes i a l i n the shert space of tnree days, completely and entirely Urn. Ols e n traces of Gonorrhtea, toth in its mild and aggravated Urine, pains Op trictu resarritation of the Bled ler, Non-retention of Ca Paivi and en,l ll ,e Leiria and Kidneys, ano those disorders which tutu ofthe heaizesothave so long been thought an antidote for, to the is the great coot' a ° est Portion ot the potuLition. TRIEsEMAR loins. It also cc:4ll,W Remedy for Syphilis and Secondary SymP- Cutaneous so tutee a certain cure for Scurvy, Scrofula, and all OW r tons and impel-wee ; ' lt :eying and expelling in its course all corrup the virus of disease, ' t he vital stream, as altogether to eradicate rz l through tile median, of u e i xpel it with the insensible perspiration never-failing remedy ter th e Pores of the skin and urine, and is a the English Physician treat:t shay of disorders which unfortunately Bon of the patient's constit o Z ti l Mercury, to the inevitable destruc• the world cannot restore. vrie. e : end Which all the sarsaparilla in Which saves I Is.. and In 5/ , o , os e l iv le., or four cases in one for 335„ To be had wholesale and retail ; ii h ereby there is a saving of 1/. 12s. 140, Leadenhall-street; Prout, 22 9 s t an dee, of Derby and Gordon, ord-street ; Sanger, 150, Oxfor d•at ' ree r t !",, d ; Bannay and i:o., 63, Oa ritnoton-s reef ; Butler and Ilardim•-_,:4':areliele,ta3p'saidned; Son, Edw ai 97 d , s, Fa s r t - . aul's Charehyard. ------ lIUMAN FRAILTY ; a Popular Medical Lallemand, Roux, Ricord, work, price Is., post free, beautiluily illustrated with 100 engravings, and containing the opinions of Valpeau, Ike. It gives copious instructions for the perfect restoration of those who are prevented by impediments from entering into the married state, also showing the dreadful results from early ab,,e, gonorrhoea, Yconstructed and syphilis, and the benefits arising from the chemical tests ans 23, Paternoster examination of the Spermatoza, by the author's nowl alloroaooln, With powerful lernies.—Piper and Co., ; and fawn all agouti for the male of"Triesendar." oed at 2nt to id de - order nurn- .coin- ►valrp liens, Chat• Wai on hia deci- Lke of 1853) am to 'dship ander She enced o stop sailed 4, Sir dier, t 'rgent and vessel bO tl. \ 0 . 20,14.2.) PUBLICATIONS. The SECOND PART 13 now ready, prfce les. G(l., of T HE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CCXIII. Will be publist ed on Thursday next. CONTENTS. I. Philip 11. and his Times. 11. Human Longevity. lIL Convocation. IV. Fergusson's Architecture. V. Macaulay a History of England. VI. Rights and Liabilities of Husband and Wife. VII Scottish Lawyers and English Critics. VIII. French Society under the Directory. IX. Parliamentary Committ. es and Railway Legislation. X. India, Persia, and Afghanistan. London : Lons4man and Co. Edinburgh :A. and C. Black. POST -OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY, 1857. --The Subscribers to this work are respectfully in formed they can exchange the Ma su. plied with the Directory for one m unted on Hollers, oloured, Varnished, and on which the new Postal Districts are distinctly defined, on payment of ss. Kelly and Co., lg to 21, Lid Boswell-court, St. Clement's, Strand, W.C. LONDON POSTAL DISTRICTS.- STANFORD'S PATENT POSTAL DISTRICT ENVE -I,OKs, indicate to Correspondents the district to be appended to th- address in reply. Samples an prices on applicathn to Edward Stanford, litapsEller and Stationer, 6, Charing•croas, S W. LONDON NEW POSTAL DISTRICTS.- the MAP of LO \DON, coloured to show the new Postal Districts, prepared by direction of her Majesty's Postmaster•gene ral, for the use of the Provincial and London post-offices, to facili tate the earlier delivery of letters, &c., can be obtained of h dward -tanford, 6, Charing cross, S.W. Price, sheet, ss. ; case, 7s. 6d. ; rollers varnished, 10s. 6d. ONDON POS i AL DISTRICTS. -SKETCH AA MAP of the LONDON PoS UAL DI -Tll1C1';-, extending upwards of 12 miles from the General Post Office, with a list of pri ,- ( ipal places and the district in which they are situate (prepared for the Postmaster-(3eneraPs Annual Report). Price, on large sheet, 2s. ; case, 4s it; rollers varnish , d, 7s. London: Edward Stan ford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W., and all booksellers. LONDON POSTAL DISTRICTS. - TH E USEFUL EN PWLF DGE SO lETY'S MAP of LON DON, coloured t show the NEW POSTAL DISTRICTS, with the Post office List of pnncipat streets and places as divided into Postal Dis tricts, by command 4' the Poqmaster-general. Price, plain Is.: coloured, I s. Gd., in sheet or folded ; mounted on linen in case, 2s. Cd (per post two stamps additional) ; rollers varnished, 6s. London: Edward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W. DR. LIVINGSTON'S DISCOVERIES IN AFRICA.—The MAP of AFRTCA, in the Series designed and engraved by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, illustrates the Route nd Discoveries of this distinguished traveller Compiled from the mins in the possession of the Roy al Geographical Society. Price, plsin, ed.; colou ed, 9d. A list of 221 maps in thi, series may be hrd anon application to Ed ward Stanford, 6, Charing cross, S.W., London; per post tor ene stamp, EXPEDITION to PERSIA.—Th e MAP of ' PER-4I a, with Part of the Ottoman Empire. By G. LONG, M. k. Price 6d. plain ; 90. coloured. Published in the Series of The Useful Knowledge Society. Can be obtained of all bookseller.. Also, same series and pric., a Map or Afghanistan, Beloochistan, with parts of Persia, Rokbara, and Sinde London : Edward Stan ford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W,, whose catalogue of maps can be had on application. BO NIBARDMENT of CANTON.—TiIe ATLAS 0' ,26 Coloured Maps, contains in addition to the maps of India, revis d by JOHN W sLKER, Esq. (G ographer to the Honourable East India Company), maps of Canton and its ap proaches, acao and Hong Kong; China and Burmah ; Persia; Arabia; Japan ; Asiatic Archipelago ; Islan , s in the Indian Ocean Polynesia, &c., selected from the Series designed and engraved by the Useful Knowledge Society. The Atlas, 'Tice one guinea; the Maps singly, coloured 9d ; plain 6d A list of the Maps and atlases in the series, may be obtained on application to Edward Stanford, 6, Charing.cross, London (S.W.) NEW ZEALAND.—The truseful Knowledge Society's MAP of NEW ZEAL %ND 1% as recently been thoroughly revised from Admiralty Surveys, ani additions in the interior, by WALTER M ANTE LL, Esq., &c. Price, coloured' 9d. , plain 6d. The Family Atlas, selected frum the series, contains so maps and index, price three guineas. London Edward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W. CANADA, UPPER and LOWER, with the RAILWAYS.—Maps of these Provinces in two sheets, are included in the new edition of the CYCLOP,ED AN ATLAS. just published, price one guinea, containing 39 Cot ured Maps of th. various parts of the world, amongst which will be found maps of the United states is two sheets, British America, with the Arctic Regions, West India Islands, Australia, New Zealand, &c., &c.. se lected from the Useful Knowledge Society's Series. The maps singly, plain Gd ; coloured 941. London: Edward Stanford, 6 Charing-cross, S.W. The Third Edition. Just rublish e d, pr i ce 55., by post, free, ss. 6, , ON TRUE 43z FALSE SPERMATOttitIi(E/ . with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from t,., K.. Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wido-sprea, Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from ,he German of Dr. PICIEFORD. " Dr. l'ickferc 's known to English readers by his frequent prac contributions to German medical literature. This is the fir. , me, he informs es, that helms addressed himself to the nos-med :t1 reader; We trust this may not be the la.st, if he shall letect an, Aber equally flagrant evil which It may be in his power to oor ect." —London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of Quiet Sympathisers, aid Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed; and if this hood :Quid find its way into the hands of those whe suffer from the corn iaint of which it treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds wont saved much needless suffering of body and wind, and what is ss Importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize -inch money ......This volume is well qualified to put an end to th , npirtcal system of treating Spermatorrhcea, and to place the tree' nent upon a more rational and phrinlogical basis. It is, thereto* Ikele to do much good."—Medical Circular. ` , ondon: H. natitere, 21. Regent-street, LAW LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, Fleet-street, Ist January, 1857. Notice is Hereby Given, that a GENERAL MEETING of the Proprietors of the Law Life Assurance Society will be held at the Society's Office, Fleet street, London, on MONDAY, the 2d day 4 February next, at 12 o'clock at noon precisely, pursuant to the provi sions if the Society's Deed of • 4 ettlement, for the purpose of receiv ing the Audi ors' Annual Report of the A ccounts of the Society up to the ilst December last; to elect a Trustee in the room of the late RI ht Hon.. Sir John Jervis, Lord Chief .J ustice of the Court of Com mon Pleas, deceased ; and for general purposes. By order of the Directors. WILLIAM SAMUEL DOWNES, Actusry. BURKE'S HISTORY of the LANDED GENTRY of ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IPELAND. To he completed in a single volume, uniform with "The Peerage," divided into 4 Parts, price les. 6d. each. Hurst and ISLlckert, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great Marlborough-street. NOTICE OF DIVIDEND. BANK OF DEPOSIT, No. 3, PALL-MALL EAST, LONDON. Establl•hed A.D. 1844. The Warrants for the Half-yearly Interest, at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, on Deposit Accounts, to 31st December, will he ready for delivery on and after January the 10th, 1857, and payable daily. PETER MORRIRON, 3fanaging Director. Parties desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the plan of the Bank of Deposit. Prospectuses and Forms for Opening Accounts sent free on appli cation. MR. ALBERT SMITH'S MONT BLANC. BADEN, up the RHINE. and PARIS, is NOW OPEN EVERY EVENING (except Saturday) at 8 o'clock.—Stalls, 3s area, 2s. ; gallery. la. Stalls can be secured at the box office, Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, every day between eleven and four, with out any extra charge. The Atonal/1g Representations take place every Tuesday and -aturday, at Three o'clock. MR. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDITIES, with New Costumes and v 'rious Novelties, Yocal and Ch i racteristic, every evening (except Saturday) at Eight ANI OWN ING PERFORM ANC E every SA I URDAY, at Three. Private Boxes and Stalls may be secured, without extra charge, at the Box-office, Pnly,raphic-hall. King William-street, Charing-cross. The hall has been entirely redecorated. RGYLL ROOMS.-LAURENT'S CASINI ), Great Windmill-street, St. James's.—The above elegan Hooms are now open every evening for the winter season, with i.aurent's celebrated Orchestra. Principal Cornet-a-piston, M. voulcourt. The Proprietor begs to inform the public that this fashionable place of resort haQ been entirely redecorated during the recess. Doors open at half-past eight, commence at nine. Admis s on tine IA R. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, 4, Coventry-street, Leicester-square. —Open (for Gentlemen r l 3) from 10 till 10, containing upwards of one thousand models ad preparations, illustrating every part of the human frame in ealth and disease, the race of men, &c. Lectures delivered at 12, ,4, and half-past 7, by Dr. G. Sarrors, F.It.G.S. ; and a new and , ahly-interesting series of Lectures is now in course of deliver) Y Or. KAHN, at a quarter past 8 p.m. precisely. Admission, Ore ,hilling. Catalogues containing Lectures as delivered by Dr. Khan (gratis). GORDON CUMMING, the LION HUNTER, will be AT HOME in his Encampment, surrounded by the •Poils and trophies of his achievements, and give his popalar ENTER TAINMENT, describing his ADVEI TURES in the Interior of SOUTH AFRICA, every evening throughout the week, at 8 o'clock. A SPECIAL AFTERNOON PERFORMANCE cn SATURDAY, at Three o'clock. Several important adlitions and emb e lli s h men t s h ave been Made to the Hunte 'sMuseum, and three new views—illustra tive of Ostrich Hunting in the Karoo, the Death of the Giraffe. and Vultures en their Prey in the Desert—painted by Samuel Hodson, added to the series of Dioramic Scenes. The Lion Hunter's native Bushmen will appear incidental to the Entertaiinment. Fiano by Mr. Ha daily between eleven and four), 33.-232, Piccadilly. INVESTMETS in BRITISH MINES .— F uII particular. of the most important Dividend and Progressive Esq.' FputlYlieFil:PT4 Edition tit o T f E IS R 1 1 1 H z v d iE l I: E c : c M o i n s e 4 s 1 D w 1, 11 : 1 R I E ) e p f ou A n s d the posititi? cn recently 3 5.6 d . ; published post 4 b s y J . An tilrivrceourtli. Ii s I i IiII 3 CJI N I I S N O G N , gi al v so ing 11. MURCHISON, at the end of each quarter, the dividends BR % l ir il and prospects of the Mines y The Review for the quarter endi ng 30 aid, & c . of the Bassett district, price IS. ending B ePt last contains a Map " The hook will be found extremely va i n , able. '— " A valuable little book. "—Glo be , Observer. "A valuable guide to investors."—Tlerapaih . "A useful little volume."—Morning Herald, "Of great value to capitalists."—Sunderland Times, " Parties requiring information on mining investment better and safer instructor than Mr Ai urchlsen.._LeZBw4,lll Ilnes dno " One of the most valuable m inin g p ubli cations which ham. under our notice, and contains mor e inform ation than anys come other on the subject of which it treats." Derby Telegraph. " To those who wish to invest capital in British Mines, this went is of the first importance."—Welshman. " This work enables the capitalist to invest on sound principle, ; it 5, in truth, an excellent guide "—Plymouth Journal. Copies of the above publications can be obtained at Mr. Murchison's offices, i 17, I ishopsgate-street Within, London ; and reliable infor mation and advice will tio given at any time to those who may re quire it. SALT and Co.'s EAST INDIA PALE and 1.._7 BURTON ALES. BREwEEY-B unION-01c-T KENT. STO&ES :- LONDON . LIVERPOOL .. • ..... • • MANCHESTER SHEFFIELD ( 2, George-street. BIRMINGHAM BRISTOL.. • DUBLIN EDINBU,GH GLAS,;OW St. Vincent-place. These Ales, In Casks of Eighteen Gallons and upwards, and in 1. ottle, obtained from all respectable Bottlers. // / ), 2 (4) 7 /f 7 i 9 N,7" CI vr A Y CI 9 '" V r s ,v,.7 ._,4 4.2.\ ~.:4", c - , ,1 7 -:.:2_ t_ j. - 1 , 2 i- 1 ~,'-c-i _!?l2:t' — 4 - -- ~,-. r '• ,- .1.. ‘. 1 I lel_ t_4 r ~. .... _ _ - 1 .1. el. ... . - _ . _ e ~ . 7 - 1 , • •.,,;: '0 , siiwilr' g ---4 " --2 . -,1 .Jr lk ~.) . . . „ ...; - . I : .., i :::.., to:N r .en ‘^" r) 7 ,„,... A , ..;....:. 1. 0 , 4,;, 1 Ill' al ~,,„, , ,, , s , • a lii ' --_-_„-A 0 ) *'z: , - - 7.-: • .a ; ,;-. r ~,,-, . - , - ' ~..,Th:,___,, , ,‘.,::" ~,, 1 . 1:.„,,, , ... ~,..."1„, . 'Alt - - J A , I -; , „. •-',..,,,._ 1 1,- s tO r f 4 fi -'. \ s '''' ; -...-- ~' .', —yr --c— ~,, .1 ( ~ ,i r ,- ~ .., . , .„vp_ . , ,"d w;-7- 0 , -„,, f ---"p, / Art - 3 4 ~ . s. i - l i -.., -- - - --1-.4) ,, ct,.- 4 4, ~ , '4' -- 1. 1 ., -t. z.! et yms- , ,, , .' , p;>4 - , s „, ji.,x ----.., 4 , -,.....--,.- _,- 35 -t. - 1 ) 1 11) " ~, . ,67,Kir _di— -00 ' t , -J4 , - ----\- --' eiR , ----- , ,-- _-_,--- -_ Al y* -- . 4111 -1-" ° ' : ' • ‘.. ' ' .',. r'PRIInt 4D. STAMPED 5Li so a , to reduce by their combined influences the great number of recommittals. • A continuance in a career of petty crime leading to more serious resnits is encouraged by not giving the tullest effect of which they are capable to sentences of 'imprisonment. 3. Effective assistance to deserving prisoners on dis• charge ; for what can a man, woman, or child do if turned out in the street to starve or steal ? Yet in this country it may be said that some 70,000 or 80,000 are k _eo . ttirned out every year. It is not by congregating them at work that as,isiance will best he given, but by aff rd• ing opportueities of &ding employment when dispersed. 4. We now come to the class termed convicts. There is no greater mistake than to regard all who receive a sentence of transportation or penal servitude es being irreclaimably bad or Bunk to the same depth of moral turpitude. The fact is not so. There ie every shade of difference in character as well as in the circum stances of temptation under which their crimes may have been committed. The opinion expressed in the resolution of the select committee of the House of Commons, 1850, that " the great majority of convicted prisoners are, open to the same good motives and good impulses which influence Other human beings" is in accordance with all experience of convicts under a good system of discipline for lung periods. I have said thus much in the hope of impressing more deeply the truth and importance of the following obser. cations in yonr leading article of the 6th of Jan. You _justly observe, "The reformation of criminals is a high, holy, and noble, object, worthy of any Legislature, but the criminals which it contemplates are those of a corrigible nature." You go on to say, " When it weighs the tredtn3eiat,of criminals it discriminates between their various character, misdeeds, and ebaticeetof amendment. It punishes those w'honi it despairs of amending. It instructs and moulds those who are susceptible of refor mation." Keeping in view these admirable remarks will greatly facilitate a satisfactory solution of the question, " What are we to do with our convicts I" I have said it is a great mistake to consider them all as one irreclaimable mass; there is little affinity between the cluntry clodhopper, who begins with stealing a hen and rises to a goose, as compared with the finished swell ►nobsman, the rascally receiver of stolen goods, or expert London burglar. Prisoners of the former stamp and others not following crime as a profession have been reformed to the extent of acquiring industrious habits by hundreds ; the latter are professional men, and their craft will not be easily relin quished for any less exciting employment, either at home or abroad. With respect to the more hopeful of the convicts, what ever might be the means of eventually disposing of them, it would appear an essential condition that some fixed portion of their sentences of penal servitude should be endured in this country, so that certainty of punishment, which is of the greatest importance with a view to a re pressive effect out of doors, might replace in the criminal mind the dreams of gold fields which the very name of iiransporation now inspires. After undergoing the probationary period they might be removed or banished to any colony where suitable pro vision could be made for absorbing their labour, and Western Australia probably affords more facilities than any other place for this purpose. Such a means of dis po-al would be alike advantageous to the mother country, the colony, and the convict. Lord Campbell, however, jusqy observes in his evi dence—" I think that it the country is to send people abroad as emigrants, and you call that transportation, that, instead of being a punishment, it may be a reward.' Hence the importance of demanding some fixed mini mum period of penal infliction before any convict is so disposed of. As regards the worst class—if a man is dangerous when at large society has a right t take care of itself, and a, in the case of a lunatic, any such man should be prevented doing mischief, either at home or abroad. It appears unreasonable to inflict upon others that which we cannot bear ourselves. But how is this to be effected In my view, it might to a great extent be accomplished by carrying out such sentences of penal servitude as will at least break up associations and habits, and expending the energies of the burglar, the highwayman, the receiver of stolen goods, and others of that stamp, for terms of 3 or 10 years, or for life when necessary, on useful public works, where there exist scope for employment to any extent that is likely to be required, and the means of making all who are so disposed of earn almost the entire cost of their maintenance. There is no reason whatever to fear the inconvenient accumulation that marry suppose. Convict labour has not yet been developed to the extent of its useful effect, and the supply has never yet been equal to the demand. After undergoing such a punishment, which I think would be calculated to produce a marked effect in the repression of crime, the question of disposing of them so as not again to be troubled with their presence in this country remains to be solved. SIR JOHN PAZINGTON ON °RIME AND TICKETS OF LEAVE. Sir J. Pakingtoo, as chairman of the Worcestershire Court of Quarter Sessions, addressed the grand jury at the commencement of the trial of the prisoners at those sessions on Tuesday, referring to the increase in the police force of the Dudley and Stourbridge district which had been ordered on the previous day. He said he thought it his duty, consipering the state of alarm —he might call it panic —which pervaded the public mind just now with reference to the ticket-of-leave sys tem and the increase of crime, to make some observa tions to the grand jury upon those subjects. Now, looking to the . as.ize and sessions calendars, and to the other means of information which they possessed, he thought this alarm and panic were exaggerated. "It is impossible," continued the right hon. baronet, "to deny that throughout the country generally—and the northern I ortion, the manufacturing portion, of this county is no exception to this rule—there has of late been an increase of crimes, and those of the most serious character ; but this I think may be accounted in several ways, for, whatever may be the action of the ticket-of-leave system, I think there are other causes which will account for the increase. At this season of short days and scarcity of em ployment such increase may be looked for, nor can we shut our eyes to the fact that the prices of provisions have for some time been very high. More ever, we must not omit to remember that during the past year a great reduction has taken place in the army and navy, and that the militia has been disbanded. These are some of the results of the restoration of peace, and no doubt to these causes we may trace some of that increase of crime which we deplore. But, after making allowance for these causes, I am not indisposed to admit that there still remains behind a considerable amount of crime whice may undoubtedly be traced to the practice of turning loose upon the public men of the worst character, who have a'rea ly been convicted of grave offences. But, admitting this, I think the public are in error throwing the whole onus on what is called the ticket-of-leave-system. I think it may appear that the real evil does • not consist so much in the prac • Lice of granting tickets of leave to convicts as in superseding the practice of transportation by a system of penal servitude. The effect of this system is that these offenders are set loose upon ,society as soon as the period of their sentences expires ; and it becomes a grave ques tion for consideration whether, when these men are so liberated, it would not be better to free them with a ticket of leave than without. For my own part, lam very much inclined to think that such discharges under a ticket of leave, with proper regulations, will be better for the interests of society than an unconditional release, and I think that the ill effects are to be attributed rather to a defect in the law than to the system of 'granting tickets of !cave. It is well known to all who are ac quainted with the working of the system of prison dis cipline that it is not well to exclude the element of hope in the treatment of prisoners under sentence ; it is found to be productive of good effects for a prisoner to he led to expect that better treatment will follow good con duct. At the same time, however, I must say that, from what I have seen in the public newspapers, and from my owu personal knowledge, I am in duced to think that a practice has obtained of mitigating sentences and advising the exercise of the prerogative of mercy in a manner not altogether conducive to the interests of the public. It was only at the late War wickshire winter assize that Mr. Justice Willes called attention to the case of two men who were convicted of a serious offence in January, 1855, and sentenced to four years' penal servitude, but were released in August, 185 G. This is an error in practice, not of NA. It was, stated in the House of Commons that it had been deter mined not to issue tickets of leave to men se e n a t d e e n i c s ed to penal servitude ; but here is a case where offenders loose upon society za, cas e w heel tenced to four years' penal servitude were society at the expiration of considerably . less . than one attheoirur l u a t t e e n c h u a rl one half eodf a man convicted at the summer assizes of 1855 of high- W ee. orce A ste B rrhi e re wh w a i t nt s e l was sentenced . to the mild punishment way robbery of 15 months' imprisonment, and after undergoing nine months of that punishment he was liberated. There may possibly be reasons for investigation of w hi c h I am not cognisant, but I have been led from causes which have come to my knowledge to form the conclusion that the practice of remitting the sentence of penal servitude has been too indiscriminately exercised, I should be very way the exercise of the pre averse from fettering in any rog ative of the Crown, but I feel that this matter requires to be placed on a more satisfactory basfe. Tne panic which at present pervades the public mind on the sub ject will, no doubt, lead Parliament to demand of the Government that the subject shall be fairly considered, and the whole question of secondary punishments be thoroughly revised. There is a desire in the public mind and, no doubt, one of the principal questions will be whether there shall be a return to the system of trans portation. As far as England is concerned, transporta tion has undoubtedly worked beneficially ; but I doubt whether it will be possible to again adopt it to the n ame extent as formerly. In any case, however, I think there should be a reconsideration of the present scale of sen tences. The law, in my opinion, was hastily altered and badly revised. Penal servitude is by no means an equi valent for the sentence of transportation ; but four years' penal servitude is now the sentence inflicted where seven years' transportation was formerly imposed. It is thought LON D,)N TH URSDA Y EVENING, JANUARY 8, 1857. I ONDON and NORTH-WESTERN 11...4 RAILWAY. —TO RAILWAY CONTRACTOR; AND (,TIIERS.—The Directors are desirous of receiving Tenders for Widening the Railway between Primrose-hill Tunnel and Willesden Station. Parties desirous of tendering may inspect the drawings and spe cification., and obtain a statement of the quantities, at the Engi neer s Office, Enston Station, on llionday, January 19, between the hours of 10 and 4 o'c ock. Seated Tend , rs, addressed to the Secretary, at this Office, to be sent in on or before Wednesday, 28th January, at 10 o'clock a.m. By order. CHAS. E. STEWART, Secretary. • Secretary's °dice, Jan. 7, 1857. with Gen. Sourochokoff, a common man, whose whole anxiety was to impose upon people who trusted in him. At my command he had sent for we to the station a mag nificent carriage, with four magnificent grey horses. I hastened at once to our dwelling; near the English em bassy, accompanied by my wife, Lord. Stafford and his wife, the Duke of Newcastle's son, and Lord Shaftesbury's son. Sourochokoff charged me 1001. for the hire of each horse ; and, although 1 strongly objected to the impost, I was compelled to pay his exorbitant demand. We all had enormous establishments, and lived at an enormous rate. As the great fair was being held at Nishni, and that being a matter thoroughly unique, in itself six or seven of us de termined to visit it. I went to the postmaster and found him one mass of decorations. I was quite frightened with his pomp and ceremony. He gave me shat he called an official . , but a man I should have taken for a general officer, so splendid was his uniform—(laughter)—he was to guide us, and see that everything was done es la Aunt. We started in two carriages and six on the 2d of Aug. for Nishni, situated on the Volga, and just had one week to do every thing in. We went from Moscosi without provisions, thinking we should find plenty on the road. We could• not speak one word to the man who took us in charge, and of course had to leave ourselves entirely in his hands. He took us at w tremendous pace. We travelled on a road as smooth as Hyde -park frogi Moscow to Nishni, 400 miles, in 28 hours-15, 16, and iT miles per hour fre quently. We were in the second carriage, and I once made signs to, our richly-dressed director that we were not going fast enough, and that the first carriage was outstrip ping us. He immediately rose from his seat, dragged the man from the box, and cast him to the ground, nearly killing him. (Laughter.) I took care not to complain again. There was no postilion ready for one of the six horses when we stopped at one post house, but the director in gold insisted that we must have six horses and six riders, and to supply, the vacancy rushed into the crowd which had collected, seized the first person, put him upon the horse, and started off again. The man had no stock ings or shoes on, but that did not matter; he soon got into a dreadful state from riding, and dropped off the animal. The horses frequently became tired, and when they fell down exhausted were left by the roadside. The postboys suffered the same treatment when they became unable to perform their duties. (Laughter.) Ido not think I ever enjoyed travelling so in my life. (Laughter.) We slipped quantities of money into their hands, and they were well contented with us. When we arrived at Nishni, which, under ordinary circumstances, numbers 30,000 inh abitants, but at the fair times contains 400,000 and 500,000, we could not for some time get lodgings ; and I assure you that, after travelling at that tremendous pace for 28 hours in carriages without springs, and without tasting food, we were thoroughly worn out. Eventually we all got into a room ; we were compelled to rough it, and shook down in an inn we found there. (Laughter.) Our arrival caused a great sensation, for they had never perhaps seen an English face before. The following night sone of oar party went to the theatre. The Governor was there, and, seeing strangers, inquired who we were, and as soon as he ascertained he treated us with the greatest pos sible hospitality. During the whole time I was in Rus sia I, never saw such a brick as the Governor was. (Laughter.) While quietly walking over an immense bridge at Nishni, smoking a cigar, I was seized by a Cossack, who nearly wrung my neck off, and who, holding his great weapon over my head, took me prisoner along the streets. (Laughter.) I could not speak a word to the fierce soldier, and was in , something like the same position as the Englishman in France, of whom Hood or Matthews sung : " Never go to France, unless you know the lingo, Or else you will, like me, repent of it, by jingo— Staring like a fool, silent as a mummy, There I stood, looking 'nation like a dummy." Bursts of merriment.) We had nothing to sleep bn, hub had plenty to drink. I never saw a man with such a capa city for drinking as this brick of a Governor—(laughter)— and no matter how much champagne he drank, I did not notice that he ever appeared affected by it. (Laughter.) He gave us a fete on the Volgai and we had an excellent opportunity of seeing the scenery of this fine river, which flows into the Caspian Sea. What delighted us most was going into the fair. We saw there Kalmucks and lovely Circassians, the latter being particularly engaging, and I was nearly engaged twice by some of them. (Laughter.) Nishni is the tea emporium of Europe. We saw thousands of pounds of tea brought there. I brought several cases home with me, and paid 345. per pound for them upon the spot. I also saw the people from Bokhara with their pre cious stones, and purchased from them some torquoises, which I feel sure would realise in this country all that Gen. ScuroehokciErob bed mire ors falr rtgbter.) I am always anxious to recover, and' never like "to be done." (Renewed mirth.) "After alluding to a purchase or caviare ? which cost 100/. per pound before it reached Moscow, and *as nasty even then, and mentioning the v ar i ous races , an d th e arti cles they ffered for sale at the grand fair, Sir Robert ob served—" I saw among the trowded and varied people men from Manchester and Birmingham, a Staffordshire yeoman and a Scotch lassie, and as I gazed upon them I felt proud of my country. ((" , beers.). We hurried back because we knew that on the 24th the Emperor was to enter Moscow, and after a rapid drive of 28 hours arrived in the Imperial city at 5 o'clock in the morning. Shortly after that hour the Emperor and Empress arrived at Moscow in grand state—nothing could exceed the magnificence of the Em press's carriage. The Emperor Alexandria is a fine-look ing man, his appearance and the expression of his physiog nomy being mild—i n f ac t, no thi ng d espera te -looking about him. The h omage h e rece i ves f rom hi s su bjects is God like, and su c h as cou ld scarce l y b e conce i ve d in a free coun try. At the unearthly hour of 6 o'clock in the evening I had to dress in uniform to commence a series of presenta tionsT which lasted ever y mor t a l h our o f the whole week. The fatigue w e un d erwen t i n thi s d u ty was enormous; in deed, so gi eat was it that our uniforms hung about us, and we all lost that reputable rotundity w hich so peculi ar l y characterises En g li s h men . W e wer e presented at the co ronation by Count Morny, the French Ambassador, a spick and span man of considerable aplonib, and who, by the way, is on e o f th e grea t es t specu l a t or s in the world. R e g ot speculates in ev er ythi ng , an d b oug ht a lot of pictures t o sell again a n d ma k e a p ro fit o f. N e xt to Count M orny stood the representative o f a co untry which deser ves lrthe sympathies of a ll civili se d p eop l e , Sardinia—(chee rs )— General Dabormida. Th en c ame th e Ambassador of th e smallest kingdom in Europe, B e l g i um , the Prince de Li gne, the very picture of swe lli ng insignificance, deed, that he could not f or the lif e so look swellin g, ofhim clowne lin i the contemplatio n o f hi s own i mpor t anc e. Then th ere was that fine specimen of a e lan , P r i nce Esterhazy, the repre sentative of Austri a . Th en th e repres entative of N ap l es, of whom, in ch ar ity, I w ill say no thi ng . Then the T ur ki s h representative, a clever Turk. Of course he was not ad mitted into the church. At the same time you could not look at him without feeling that he was the representative of an effete and worn-out nation. It was impossible for Turkey to long resist the aggression of Russia without as sistance. Then came the Papal representative, and, fin a lly, that of this country, Lord Granville, then whom no one could more thoroughly represent a true Englishman, H e was the representative of the most powerful nation in the world, yet plainly dressed. When I saw him standing amid the decorated group around him I was reminded of the lines of Burns— " A king can mak a belted knight, A marquis, duke, and a' that; But an honest man's aboon his might— Guid faith he manna fa' that !" (Loud cheers.) Then, casting the eye across the cathedral, you saw the distinguished generals of the Russian army— Todtleben, Gortschakoff, and others—and, just beside the Emperor, Count Orloff. I believe he was in the palace when Paul was assassinated, and has been the favourite of three great Emperors. He possesses quality of heart and hospitality for which I am much indebted. As the Empress entered she fell flat on the floor, I supposed by accident, It was, however, to kiss some sacred atone or other; and then she came in with her hair dishevelled, looking like Norma in the opera. The ceremony then took place, and Emperor and Empress were duly crowned. At the moment when the Empe ror placed his crown on his head the imperial ermine fell to his feet, while that of the Empress fell from her head and broke into pieces. These accidents in Rome would have been deemed ill omens. In the evening their Majesties went out to see the illuminations, which lasted three days, and were most magnificent, so much so as to make one wonder whore the Russians got their supply of candles. Then there was a review of 140,000 men, where I figured in the full uniform of a captain of the Burton Yeomanry, who would be well pleased to see their commander in the imperial cortege. There were troops of all the tribes of Russia, Cossacks and Circassians, and so hostile are some of them that two regi ments turned their sham fight into earnest. There was a grand charge of 40,000 cavalry en Masse towards the spot I was standing on. Many of the Russian soldiers had hel mets with bullet marks; but I suspect they must have been of their own making, ortheir heads would not have escaped at the same time. The next grand spectacle was an enor mous dinner. There is an account of an enormous feast somewhere in the Bible, which I looked for and couldn't find, and whichmust have been very likethe one I beheld at Moscow. Unfortunately the officer who had the management of the feast thought the people would not behave themselves without a rehearsal, the result of which was that it was all demolished prematurely. Of course he was tried by a drum-head court-martial, and if he did not lose his head was, at all events, (a isgraced . Then we h a d a grand chasm, In his chasse at least 800 horsemen were present, besides about 20 men blowing enormous horns, and some 20 dogs. They started hares, and they started foxes, and they started wolves ; but all the 800 horsemen, with the dogs and the trumpeters, could never manage to run down one of them. In fact, they no mare understand the chase than you understand what serfs are. Lastly, they had eagle hunting, in which a Khirgish carried an eagle on his fist, and then having started a fox, the eagle flew after him, but always missed him ; the chase never extended over more than 20 yards of ground." The hon. baronet next spoke of the immense size of the great bell in the courtyard of the Kremlin, 21 feet high, 22 feet in cir cumference, and weighing 150,0001 b., while our Groat Tom of Lincoln only weighed 10,0001 b., and the greatest bell in Franco 36,0001 b. The Russian bell had never been raised. and when he asked a man why it had not been elevated he said it was too heavy, and when an attempt was made it broke the scaffolding and fell 100 yards into the ground, but with respect to this latter point," added Sir Robert, " my informant must have been mistaken." (Laughter.) The hon. baronet next alluded to the battle of Borodino, when Napoleon's army of 120,000 men defeated a Russian army of a like number, under Kutusoff, leaving 80,000 men dead on the field, and in vigorous language described his feelings as he gazed from Moscow upon the scene of the great contest. He went to say, looking back to his tory, and contemplating the present position of the Run- ! sians, they could not but feel that they were a brave pleple, who, under a better government and more liberal institu tions, might become a mighty and flourishing nation. " What I wish to impress upon you is," said Sir Robert, " that you should not throw away your money to improve . the internal condition of a country which will turn the benefits you confer to their own advantage. (Cheers.) I know not whether I have afforded some little enter tainment, but if I have J am well pleased, and shall be glad to devote my little abilities at any time to your ser vice. I would close m e y observations with this which cannot fail:to be that of every one who hears me great as Russia is, when I contemplate the power of my own country, I would ten thousand times sooner repose in -the lap of Britannia the humblest' citizen in the land than own the allegiance or bow the knee to the power that sways the sceptre in Russia." Tile hon. b;ronet resumed his seat amid vehement cheer. ing, and the meeting silortly afterwards sepa.ated. TICKET OP-LEAVE AND SEOONDA.RT PUNISIEVP,NTS. Col. J. Jebb writes to a morning contemporary as follows : , Sir, am induced to beg the favour of your allow ing me to offer a few explanations concerning the ticket of-leave men, not with any view of advocating the sys tem, but in the hope that it may serve to clear up the misapprehensions which still exist concerning them, and show in its real proportion the magnitude of the evil which the country is enduring. It might seem superfluous again to explain who ticket of-leave men are, but I think a little preliminary informa tion is necessary to clear up doubts and make a fair start. Up to September, 1853, persons who had committed certain classes of crimes were sentenced, not to three. 0 - 1 four years' imprisonment, but to be transported beyond the seas for terms of seven and ten years. The colony of Van Diemen's Land, previous to that time, may be said to be a consenting party to this ar rangement, and willing to receive them. In the three years-1850, 1851, and 1852—an average of 1,173 men, and about 350 women had been disposed of from England in that colony. The colony, however, without much previous notice, withdrew her consent, and the Government were thus left in the dilemma of having a number of men under sentence to be transported, but with no place to which the majority could possibly be sent. This was the difficulty they had to deal with. Referring to former precedent, the sentences would, as a matter of course, have been changed or commuted into imprisonment for half the period, with release at home. Such was the invariable practice with invalids and others, who could not,, from circumstances, be em barked for a colony, and at one period was the general practice in regard to all male convicts under sentence of seven years' transportation. Between the year-, 1843 and 1847 no less than 3,450, chiefly of the latter class, were released from the hulks with free pardons. Instead of closely following this precedent, however, an act was passed in August, 1853 (16th and 17th Vic., c. 99), enabling the Secretary of State to impose an ad ditional restriction upon their liberty by granting to them a revocable pardon or licence instead of a free par don. This measure was designed as a protection to the public, but it unfortunately has also had the effect of making the men, as a class, distinct from prisoners re leased from ordinary gaols, the effect of which has not been favourable to their obtaining employment, and has doubtless driven many into crime from sheer necessity. The periods when the men referred to would become eligible for release with a licence or ticket of leave were determined, after much consideration, at three years for the seven, and four years for the ten years' sentences, with good conduct, and the men have respectively been brought forward for release with ticket of leave at those periods. I would here beg permission to notice two points in connection with this apparently early release. 1. It must not be regarded as a measure of benevolence or any special tenderness towards the convicts, for expe rience has sufficiently proved that by the great majority transportation after 2 and 2i years' confinement, which were the periods respectively assigned to seven and ten years' men under the former rule, would have been pre ferred to release at home with a ticket of leave after three and four years' imprisonment, which was the rule established in its place. 2. The chaplains have had little or nothing to do with determining the period. It has mainly been exemplary conduct and a good character for industry that has been taken i❑to consideration. It is, however, much to be regretted that it has been, from circumstances, impossible, with a due regard to justice and keeping faith with the whole body, to take into account the difference in their crimes. It was absolutely necessary to treat them all alike in this re spect, and to assume that distinction in their crimes had been considered and disposed of by the judge in passing sentence. On the whole, it may fairly be said that, as a general rule, each convict released on licence had endured such 'a measure of punishment as would have been awarded to him if sentence of imprisonment had been originally passed ; and she restrictions imposed by the licence, which subject them to be again confined for the whole period they would otherwise have been at liberty in the colony, have been so much penal infliction in addition. Now, as regards the number with which we have to deal. Thera have been released on licence between Sept., 1853, and Dec. 15, 1856, a period of about 3i years, 6,730 male convicts ; the greater part being from convict prisons in England, the remainder from Bermuda and Gibraltar. The following is an extract from the Home-office regis ter of the number who have been committed to prison from the commencement to Dec. 15, 1856, showing how they were disposed of : Men and women committed Ditto acquitted Ditto oases still undecided 1,021 101 Deduct women Total number of men convicted Of these licenses revoked on conviction of some trifling offence Number reconvicted and sentenced to penal servitude Percentage on the whole number in 3i years 11 . 3 The crimes of which these ticket•of-leave men have been convicted, either before magistrates, or at the assizes, or quarter sessions, are as follq 762 Larceny 285 Uttering base coin .... 14 Against Vagrant Act Assaults 3 Ditto on police .. Against game laws Desertion Misdemeanour Picking pockets or at tempting Theft and reputed theft 86 Wilful damage 3 Total minor crimes ... 588 Felony, housebreak- Offences of a graver char Murderl 1 Forgery 7 Burglary Ai son' 2 Robbery with violence 7 ing, 97 inter, viz.:— Highway robbery Cutting and wounding 2 The following statement vi ticket-of-leave men at large i victed of the criminal classes 77 Total rill show the proportion of in comparison with the con- The summary convictions and sentences passed in court (luring the period of three years and a quarter, be- tween Sept., 1853, and Dec. 15, 1856, may be taken in round numbers as follows : Summary convictions ... 170,000 Sentenced in court... 65,000 235,000 The total number of ticket-of-leave men would, there fore, have been short of 3 per cent., if they bad all re lapsed into crime ; and a little store than 3 in 1,000 have appeared among those convicted of crime. Those who are interested in the fate of men who, during their imprisonment, bave had opportunity affordel them of instruction and industrial training, might be disposed to regret that even this limited portion should relapse ; but if there be a matter of surprise, it will surely be found in the fact of the comparatively small number who have fallen. The whole body were, as a class, less likely to give up their criminal courses than those who pass their time in and out of ordinary prisons ; and yet, if there be not a greater fallacy in figures than I trust many will be dis posed to admit, they have struggled far more successfully against their difficulties. As regards the number of ticket-of-leave men released in different localities, the following is the proportion to 100,000 inhabitants, in the undermentioned counties, the first three being the highest in the scale, and the last three the lowest :- 1. Somerset 7O I 7. York 2. Middlesex 3. Berkshire 4. Hereford 45 1 10. Durham l6 5. Lancaster 6. Stafford A candid consideration of these statements, with a de sire to arrive at the truth, will, I think, tend to dimi nish the alarm that exists on account of the " ticket-of leave men." So far as they are concerned they are neither formid able from their number nor dangerous above their fel• lows from the nature of their crimes. But still it is of great importance to consider whether any, and what, measures can be resorted to which will lessen the evil of addin g , i n h owever sma ll pro p or ti on , to the criminal classes, or, I should rather say, how that very numerous class ca n b es t b e di m i n i s h e d. This i s the real question at issue, and it is one to which you have frequently directed the attention of your readers. In a leading art i c l e w hi c h appeare d i n your i m pression of the Ist of Jan. you advert to "a complete revision of the whole system." This is a task that might well en gage the utmost exerti ons o f a ll who desire to see an im pression made on the crime and criminals of the country. A complete review of our system would embrace -7 1. Measures of prevention which b es ides questions of educati on and the industrial training of pa u p er and criminal children, will include a systematic pressure on the known causes of crime • among others will be found all that p romotes drunkenness and immorality, all the facilities for the disposal of stolen property, &c. 2, The c ons ideration of the discipline in ordinary pri sons with a vie w t o es t a bli s h a more uniform and strin gent, and at the same time a more reformatory system, SALE OF PROVISIONS, &c., AT GOSPORT. ADMIRALTY, SOMRRRET-PLACB, 7th January, 1357. THE Commissioners for Executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain .nd Ireland, do Hereby Give Notice, that on WEDNESDAY. the 28th ihtsl,, at 12 o'clock at noon, the Captain Superintendent will put up to Sale, in th Royal Clarence Victualling Yard at Gosport, several Lots of Army and Navy Provisions, Victualling Stores, Seamen's Clothing, Transport Bedding, &c , &c., &c., consisting of Salt Meat, Lemon Juice, Rice, Tongues, Chloride of Lime, Brandy, Ale, &c., &e. all lying in the sat.; Yard. Persons wishing to view the Lots must apply to the Superintendent , or notes of admission for that purpose. Catalogues and Conditions of Sale may be had here and at the Yard. SIR ROBERT FEEL ON RUSSIA. BIRMINGHAM, JAN. 6. Last night the new library in Adderley-park was inaugu rated by a dinner given to the members of the late bazaar committee, and subsequently by a meeting in the Museum Room, at which, were present Lord Lyttleton, Lord Leigh, Sir Robert Peel, M.P., Mr. Adderley, M.P., Mr. M`Ges chy, the Mayor of Birmingham, Mr. Charles Ratcliffe, and ❑umerous friends of the institution. The great attraction of the night was a promised lecture by Sir Robert Peel on the subject of " Moscow," which proved, upon delivery, to be highly amusing, if not instructive. After appropriate addresses from Lord Lyttleton and Mr. Adderley, announcing the flattering prospect of " the People's Park and Library." Sir R PEEL presented himself, and was loudly cheered. He said that it was only the day before he had read in a public newspaper that he was expected to appear on that odeasion to address an audience upon the far distant city of Moscow. His humble services had, however, been, and should be, at the disposal of the public. The hon. baronet then proceeded to dilate upon the immediate subject with which his name was associated in the programme. He said, " You are aware that last summer I went, in com pany with many others, to that distant country called Russia. I had the proud satisfaction of being conveyed thither on board one of those magnificent vessels which plough the ocean like queens, and gloriously assert the in dependence and greatness of our country. (Cheers.) I proceeded up the Baltic, where in the year preceding such mighty fleets were assembled. I passed along the shores of Finland, and arrived within gunshot of that great for tress which Sir Charles Napier did net take. (Loud cheers, laughter, and, hisses.) Some gentlemen express dissent from what I state, but I believe it is strictly and literally true. (Laughter.) I saw that mighty fortress rising before as. I reflected naturally upon the past and upon the great distinction that might have resulted from any successful operations against it. We then advanced up the Neva, that great and mighty river which flows by St. Petersburg. We arrived at St. Petersburg sufficiently tired by the journey, and expecting to be overcome by the heat. Although it was in the middle of summer it was bitterly cold ; the weather was very changeable, like everything else in Russia, and I had the greatest difficulty to keep myself warm. St. Petersburg is built on piles, and is always very subject to the east wind. (Laughter.) When the east wind blows St. Petersburg has a chance of be ing done away with, as the public expected Sir Charles Napier would do away with it---(laughter)—at all events, it then stands a good chance of being sunk in the water. It is not a very magnificent city, and does not strike one by its fine streets and buildings after all. It has nothing else but granite floors, with outsides all paint and stucco. Its edifices are a great deception, as are most things else we have heard of in Russia. (Laughter.) The Admiralty is a remarkable building situated next to the Winter Palace, which palace is the residence of the Czars. It is in this palace that the Emperor Nicholas' lived in the simplest manner, great as was his mind ; and it was in a poorly furnished room on the north-east side that he breathed his last. The square before this palace is one of the largest in the world, and the monolith in the centre is the largest in the world, consisting of a single piece of stone, on the top of which is placed a monument ,to the Emperor Alexander, who died in 1825. In the Winter Palace are deposited the Crown jewels. I have travelled a good deal and seen many fine sights, lent I never saw anything like the splendidjewels belonging to the sovereign and people of that Court and country. They are something beyond belief. The crown exhibits a ruby such as was never seen before; the sceptre has the largest emerald in the world ; the ball of state has an enormous sapphire ; the Empress's beautiful crown of pearls contains the largest pearl I ever saw ; and the effect produced by this congre gation of brilliants is something quite magnificent. In this palace there is also a number of portraits of distinguished Russians and great generals; among others the Duke of Wellington. There is likewise a splendid picture by Horace Vernet, illustrating the attack on Poland, one of the most interesting and, at the same time, most bloody episodes in Russian history. (Hear, hear.) Another palace is called the Hermitage. It is, however, nothing like a hermitage, for it is in the middle of the town, and holds a most famous collec tion of pictures, originally from this country, and known as the Walpole collection. It is a misfortune that no private individual could be found to secure such a collection for our country; and it is quite out of the question to expect Governments to be liberal on such a matter. ("Hear," and laughter.) I went to view the pictures one Sunday after noon. The man in charge of the collection pointed my at tention to a quantity of works of art i and said, "Here is the Kertch collection." I said, " I thought they were all taken by the people"—(laughter)—to which he replied, "Oh no ; they were removed by order of the Emperor two years ago." That shows the premeditation of the man. (Cheers.) Those pictures had been removed at great cost and difficulty from Kertch to St. Petersburg two years before ; and this pro- ceeding leaves little doubt on my mind that there was a great design against the liberties of Europe. (Hear, and ^hears.) The next palace is called is the Marble Palace. In everything there is deception, and in this instance there is almost another deception. It is called the Marble Palace, beeause it is built of granite. (Laughter.) The Marble Palace is the residence of that " frank and open hearted sailor" Constantine. How I laughed when I read that description of Constantine's character. (Laughter.) You may remember what has been said about the distin guished Admiral Constantine. With all respect to his Highness, I must say that I never saw a man who gave me less of the impression of a " frank and open-hearted sailor.)" (Cheers and laughter.) It is all soft sawder, you know. (Laughter.) There is another great palace, the Tanrida. It was given by Catherine to the remarkable character called Potemkin—remarkable for the power he acquired over that most powerful Empress. Potemkin se cured to Russia that very spot, the Crimea, in which so much precious blood and treasure has been lately expended by the allies. Potemkin caused the Khan of the Crimea to be assassinated, and then attached that border of the Black Sea to Russia. It was he who first raised the post with the well-known inscription, " La route de Constantinople"— an inscription which is has ever been the anxious desire of the Northern Czars to carry out, and which remains for us ever to resist. (Cheers.) Having finished the palaces, I will turn to a more serious subject, the churches. The Izaak Church is the chief church of Russia, and 2C3,000/. was spent in preparing for it a foundation of piles before a single stone was raised. It was commenced 19 years ago, and is not yet finished. In the interior are eight magni ficent malachite columns, given by a rich Russian pro prietor, Demidoff, and valued at 1,009,000 roubles. There was not much to keep us in St. Petersburg, for we were so horribly fleeced by our innkeeper. (Laughter.) I have lived a great deal in that way, but I never in my life came across a man with such enormous ideas of the principles of " doing." ( Laughter.) lam a Ilan who am satisfied with little, but our dinner every night cost us 601. sterling. (Roars of laughter.) It was per fectly monstrous. If I had not been in Russia I should have lived with the police, but I gave up that notion after wit nessing the manner in which Russian constables knock people about. (Laughter.) The police use a sort of great antique fork, which they stick into their unfortunate vic tims, and then leave them on the ground, instead of taking them to a lock-up or something of that kind. (Laughter.) We were glad to get away to Moscow, that being thegreat goal of our anticipations. When we get to the station to start off our luggage was so enormous that the station could not hold it. We took a most extraordinary quan tity of clothes, and all sorts of fancy dresses, and as there were 20 of us, with 20 servants, and more than 20 other attendants, you may imagine what a tremendous amount of moveables we carried about. At last we started, bowl,. Mg behind what we could not take. In Russia the trains are in the habit of stopping every quarter of an hour, and remaining a quarter of an hour when they do stop. (Laughter.) When wo arrived at Moscow we were wearied, but not•hungry, having plenty to eat, for the in the carr i ages. quarter of a n h our stoppages were apparently made for the express purpose of ea ti ng. We had most charming apart ruenal English railway directors are stingy about their accommodation, but not so the Russians, for we had every convenience that a well-regulated esta blishment could possibly desire. After passing the night tolerably well, we reached Moscow, and found 10, 0 troops drawn up at the station, together with an enormous quantity of footmen. We had just arrived with the Impe rial jewels in the same train, and it was thought necessary to surround them with pomp, I had made as agreement z / .rIA , PE R 7144 i:, ,,.. ) re_, " 477' .4, , Y• ...,' •,,',. • 1 '0 c:.7 .t. pi( v.. ~Y Ta b by those who advocated the substitutio vict, during the course of his four years' imprisonrOnvm suffered to a grea t er ex t en t pena ll y than ditrTg a penod:a of seven ye ars spent i n ex il e ; h ut t hi s, to my Jpind, a very narrow view of the question. In the:'.tase- bf 113 seven years' transportation the convict is taken away from his family and his connexions, and the result has most frequently been that he never returned to them again. Then seven years is a much longer period in a man's life than four years, and the former is spent far away from friends and connexions, while the latter is served in this country, and at the end of the sentence the convict can rejoin his friends. I have a strong opinion that the code as at present existing is inadequate 'and unsuited to the Requirements of justice. lhe u sairrnn terms of punishment ought to be greater Than they now are in order to inspire the prisoner with a wholesome dread, which is the great object of all punish ments. The question at issue is really whether our great criminals shall be discharged at home. The whole theory and practice of our criminal law must have a thorough revision with the view to their speedy altera tion." REPEAL ON THE INCOME-TAX. LEICESTER, JAN, 7. A public meeting, called by the Mayor, was held in ,he Town-hall, on Tuesday evening, for the purpose of petitioning against the income tax at its present high bate of ls. 4d. in the pound. The Town-hall was crowded. The first resolution affirmed that the increase of the tax to Is. 4d., although justifiable and expedientduringthe war, was unjust and burdensome in time of peace, and that its reduction to 7d. was necessary and expedient. This was moved by Alderman Manning, and seconded by Alder man Toiler, and carried unanimously. The seoond resolution declared the proposed continuance of the in cr-ased tax two years after the signing of the treaty of peace to be unjustifiable and contrary to the spirit of the act of Parliament. Mr. Councillor Moxon and Mr. Councillor Hurdy were the mover and seconder of the resolution. A third resolution, proposing that a petition to the legislature be prepared, embodying the above resolutions, and declaring that, if the income tax be con tinued beyond 1860, the assessment of it ought to be based on more just and equitable principles, was moved by T. Macaulay, Esq., and seconded by Mr. A. Acgrave. Sir JOSHUA WALMSLEY, M.P., who was very well received, after some prefatory remarks, in which he ex pressed his acknowledgments to the Mayor and the com mittee for the opportunity of being present, and his desire to meet his constituents more frequently, said he had listened with attention, and not without profit, to the very pertinent, moderate, and just observations which had fallen from those who had addressed the meet ing, and was rejoiced to find they had suggested, not the abolition, but the equitable adjustment and reduction of the present unequal mode of taxation, and should the subject come before Parliament those observations, so far as he was concerned, should have all the attention they so well deserved, but he was not without hope that the income tax in its present shape would not again form part of the budget of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. It must be as evident to that right hon. gentleman as it was to others who had given attention to the subject, that to levy the same rate per cent. on industrial and precarious incomes arising out of trades and professions as on those arising out of real property, was not only unequal but manifestly unjust, and could not have been levied under a sound system of representation. He was not aware of any otber country in which so en goal a system of taxation prevailed. In most of the European nations the chief burdens of taxation were borne by the land. In some there was a graduated land tax, varying from 35 in the pound on incomes of 3001. a year to ss. in the pound on 4,0001. a year. In the United States, all property, whether real or personal, was charged, but there was no tax on professional or precarious incomes. He would not weary the meeting with further statistical details, but, wzth permission, would point to one or two authorities on this subject, out of a host of others which be held in his hand, whose names would give weight to these opinions, Sir Archi bald Alison, in his "History of Europe," pertinently remarks : "A greater error in finance could not have been committed than the introduction of an income tax without any graduation, but that arising from the amount of revenue," In this short, but pithy, sentence he em bodies the whole gist of the question. Another authority, and no wean one, the late M r . H ume, th en whom there w a s no sounder deaticier. In his report as chairman of the income and property-tax committee of 1851-2, he says : "Such a tax, with its present inequali ties, could not remain a permanent one. The inquiry before the committee had established the truth of the public judgment, on its injustice. But (he adds) an assessment on all property and on capitalised industrial incomes would be more equitable, and enable the nation to carry out free trade in its integrity." He (Sir Joshua Walmeley) fully concurred in those sentiments, and he believed they would find a response from those he had the honour to address. It was, indeed, only just that the greater portion of the revenue should be drawn from those who were not only best able to bear the bur den, but for whose benefit it was more especially dis horsed. Were taxation to be equitably adjusted on its own merits, there could, he thought, he little difficulty in framing a just and satisfactory measure ; but powerful class inters.ts had interfered, and so complicated the subject as to throw the greater portion of the burdens on the shoulders of those least able to bear them. He ex pressed his satisfaction that his constituents were alive to the danger of an abolition of the income tax, lest it should enable others to throw overboard the property-tax and to revert to a system of imposts the most unjust and the most oppressive —taxes on the first necessaries of life, which necessarily fall with undue severity on the working cla-ses. Something had been urged as to the property and income tax being a war tax. In his opi nion, all taxes were for the protection of life and pro perty, and the only distinction he could draw was, which was the most equitable for all purposes. If, however, it were specially a war tax, it ought to be retained until those oppressive burdens incurred by war were removed, and we were more free to struggle in the race of compe tition, now so severe, with other nations. To the 800 millions left as a legacy we bad recently added 40 mil lions more. It was due to all classes that there should be a more equitable mode of taxation. He had never found any portion of his fellow -countrymen indisposed to pay their full share of the burdens, but the present unequal levy had caused much dissatisfaction. In a prizs essay published in Liverpool in 1848 under the signature of "X. Y.," there was a proposition well worthy of mature consideration : "To remove every exiting tax, dir.ct and indirect, and in lien thereof to substitute a capitalised income and property tax, gra duated according to the interest, whether for one or twenty years' purchase, and it was estimated that 1 per cen - . on such capitalised sum would meet ail the require. ments of the state. He would not trespass further on their attention than to assure them that although he bad not recently attended any public meetings of his constituents, he had not neglected their interests. Ia fact his whole time and attention, since he had the honour of tepreenting them, had been devoted to their servioe, and should so continue whilst 'be held that confidence. The resolutions were carried with the greatest unani mity, and after a vote of thanks to the Mayor (J. Under. wood, E..q ), and to Sir J. Walinsley, M.P., the meeting separated. Mr J. Biggs, M.P., the other member for the borough, was unable to attend the meeting through indisposition. . , , FROME.—On Fr id ay evening last at Frome a meeting of the inhabitants was held in the assembly-room, at the George Hotel, Donald Nicoll, Esq., in the chair, when resolutions were passed unanimously declaring the exist ing tax of 16d. in the pound to be enormous in amount, offensively inquisitorial, by its itiequalit, unjust, and and that its continuance beyond the sth of April next would not only be oppressive, but a violation of the spirit of the act consented to by Parliament and the people of this country, in the belief that the impost would not be continued more than one year after the terming tion of the war with Russia. Also that to tax precarious and permanent incomes alike is manifestly unjust ; and that a petition be presented to the House of Commons in accordance with the foregoing resolutions. The meeting was addressed by Mes.rs. Coombs, Chapman, Beal, Rev. S. Manning, Morris, Rev. E. E. Holroyd, and others ; and after a vote of thanks to the chairman the meeting was dissolved. CAMBRIDGE.—A large meeting of the inhabitants was held yesterday afternoon, at the Town-hall, Cambridge, the Mayor in the chair, fur the purpose of petitioning Parlia'uent for the reduction of the income tax from 16d. to its original amount of 7d. in the pound, from and after the month of April next. The speakers coailifested great unanimity in their desire to be relieved of the burden, and a petition embodying• the opinions of the meeting received immediate signature. A preliminary meeting was also held at Ely, on Tues day evening, for the same otject, at which resolutions of a similar nature were unanim •usly passed, and another meeting convened fur the formal adoption of a petition founded thereon. A numerous meeting of the inhabitants of St. Mary, Islington, was held last evening at the' Myddleton-hall, Upper-street, at which resolutions were passed for the immediate reduction of the income tax to 7d. in the pound, and for the exoneration of all incomes under 1501 per annum ; and a petition to Parliament praying fur the above object was forthwith adopted. A public meeting of the i❑habitants of Bridgewater, convened by the Mayor, Mr. J. Ruddock, w4s held in the Guildhall of that town on Monday. Resolutions in opposition to this tax were unanimously agreed to. At the Central Criminal Court yesterday, Henry Carr, alias Thomas Baker, 21, shopman, pleaded guilty to an indictment for stealing 52 handkerchiefs and other goods, valued at 601., the property of Charles Meeking and another, his masters. He was sentenced to be kept in penal servitude for four years. The prisoner, who did not seem to anticipate such a sentence, groaned heavily, aid staggered as he left the dock. Jacob Israel, a young man, surrendered to take his trial for a felonious assault upon a girl eighteen years old, named Julia Cohen. 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