The Sun. — London, England, 1840-12-29 00:00:00

EV -ENJN4 EDIfiON. GERMAN NEWS. FRANKFORT. 'DEC. 20.—1 t is asserted here that the intention of the Federal States is not to place troops on the Rhine, 'but in the spring to collect the Bavarian, Wurtemberg, and other troops, in order to execute manwuvres, as during the last autumn at Heilbronn, that by this vaeans the various troops may be accustomed to act end move in concert with one another. Thorwaldsen, the Danish sculptor, who was requested to send in a design for the statue of Goethe, a native of Frankfort, has sent in two, both of which have been re jected by the Committee, and it is now rumoured that Professor -I,aunitz, whose plan for the Guttemberg mo nument mut so much approved of, will be intrusted with the execution of the work. CARLSRUHE. Two new journals have already been called into ex istence, and advertised in the other papers. Another, it is said, will appear at Stuttgard. The conscription for 1841 is taking place earlier than usual ic seve ral states of Germany—for instance, in Wurtem )%urg, Bavaria, &c. The conscription takes place irk April or May, it is now ordered for the %Id of January. The annuals are just now appear ing of all sorts and sizes. Your English readers are perhaps not aware that Germany, too, has her winter annuals ; indeed, I question whether they are not of older d ito in Germany than in England. Unlike those at home, they really do possess something good in the shape of letter-press, and do not teem so much with " Ross 'Matilda " namby pamby. Not only young and votaries of Parnassus lisp forth their virgin vira l:ions in them, or, as the Germans would say, " sharpen thvir poetical bills," but, old stagers cut capers as well as the best of them. The principal one is perhaps th Urania, wherein a novel from the pen of Ticck alwa) s iippears ; this winter it is called " Wahleinsanik , :it." 'clic next. best is the Musen Almanack, chiefly contri- Zmted to by Ruckert and the other poets of the day. The Historical Almanack is published by Frederic k Von Raumer, the enlightened gentleman who travelled through Ireland as fist as he could go, a parasol and green spectacles to protect him from the sun, and upon the strength of this gave a grave dissertation to the world on the state of that country as viewed by himself. The first and last of these appears at. Brock house's, at L-ipsic, The Gedenk e Mein is unotter published its Vienna, and is principally devoted to poetry and rornarces. PRAGUE. Mince I have been here, I have busied mysdf in snaking some inquiries into the various braochrs of Bohemian industry.. The land is now no desert, al.hough it might have been one at the time Pulix enes wes King. Corn and wood clothe its surface in Woundance, and under gr , mr.cl it can boast of resources which few other parts of the "6' - 9utinent can. The pro• duce of silver, for instal cep is considerable, and during the last ten years it nas much increased. .27,000 'marks was the amount of this year's produce. This is for the most part from Imperial mines ; the quan tity belonging to individuals was only 1,000 mark.. - Coen! are abundance of other mineral production'. During this s ear were produced in private works alone .6,328 quintals of copper and iron vitriol, 7,432 quin tals of alum, 5,838 quintals of pure sulphur, and 41,371 of sulphuric acid. The trade is pretty good. The price, for instance, of sulphufic acid rose lately from 12s. to 18s. per quintal, and the other articles in proportion. Were the Customs' duties for export not uo high, it would considerably increase this fruitful branch of industry. The trade in black-lead, which formerly went to England in great quantities, has now considernb4 fallen off. In 1833, 43,332 quintals of this %rttele were produced from Prince Schwarzci.- btr. o gli's mines alone ; this year it has fallen down to '6EI4 i 4,000 quinials. The reason is, that in England, where it was so much used for machinery, it has been found that it can be obtained cheaper from the Spanish mines. Coals arc abundant in Bohemia. Much lies near the surface, but that of this description which I have teen is not particularly good, being brown and stony. But there arc very good sorts. It is exported to Leipsic for the railwa)s, and from that place to Magde burg and Dresden. It goes also to Nuremburg for the railway between that place and Furth, as also to Munich and Augsburg for a similar purpose. Add to this, it goes to Linz in large quantities for the use of th steam navigation on the Danube. When railways in crease the export of coal will also be far greater, as Bo hemia in this respect is f vveured above its neighbours. In Bavaria t'aere is no coal, with the exception of what is obtaine:i in the Rhenish provinces, which, of course, is not available in Bavaria, the distance being too great. In 1839, 4,000.000 lasts were obtained, costing 350,000 guilders, or 55,0001., while in 1836 the produce was aanly 2,000,000. In Bahernia the manufacture of sugar from beetroot is very great. Of 52 manufactories, there arc at pre sent 46 at work, not to mention many refining-houses. There are also nine manufactories for syrup from po tato meal. During the last working season 35,000 quintals of sugar were made. A great part of this goes to Austria. The cotton manufactories are flourishing. while those of linen are somewhat on the decline. It is computed that 00,0')0,000 guilders worth of glass is manufactured annually in Bohemia ; 3,500 families arc employed upon it, and the manufactories arc 73 in num. ber. The coloured glass is perhaps superior to that made in England, and is remarkably cheap. It is sent to the Levant, South and North America, Spain, and ail parts of Germany and Italy. VIENNA. It is rumoured here that the Archduke Stephen, son of the Palatine of Hungary, and cousin of the Em peror, will shortly make a tour of Germany. As far as I atm learn, it will most probably be extended to St. P4tersburgh, where he will solicit the hand of the Princess Olga of Russia. He does not come within Byron's category of " thick-lipped Austrians," being a handsome, well-built young man. Of the beautiful tower of St. Stephen's Church here there has been as much taken down as was thought necessary—viz., 70 feet. It leaned so much out of the perpendicular that it was considered dangerous to allow it to remain. It will be rebuilt exactly as it . originally was, and it is thought will be finished in three years. The expense will be 100,000 guilders, and it is very splendid. The Noble Italian Guard, which has been recently formed on the same principle as the,Noble Hungarian one, has just entered on its duty in Vienna. Letters from Pesth, on the Danube, describe com merce there as at a complete stand still. This is at tributed to the deteriorating influence which rumours of war have had upon public credit in Austria. This has reacted on Hungary, and the more so as it possesses no national bank, but is dependent on that of Vienna. A great scarcity of money has bean felt. Another caisse is the want of a market for Hungarian produce. The fact is, that an AnglornaniA reigns to an indescri lsablo extent in Hungary, and this not only among the nobles, but also down to the bourgeois. The expense of transit across Germany being mind too great, arti cles of English manulactitre arc now carried up the Danube, in return for which, however, very little Hun garian produce goes to England, nor will the Austrians buy it, because Austrian manufactures find no sale down in Hungary, and the Austrians act on the retaliating principle. Hence the market is completely overstocked. Two new steamers of sm ill draught are building at Ofen, in order to obviate the necessity of unloading and disembarking at Orsova, Orenkova, and other places on the Danube, during the passage down to Constantinople. 'Tae steamers still go between Vienna and Pesth ; but lower down the Danube they have ceased for the winter. THE RHINE. The winter has set in very severely ; the cold has already reached 16 degrees below zero of Reaumur, and the Rhine has a considerable quantity of floating ice on it, which has stopped the steam navigation above tlannheirn. The bridge of boats there has been taken up, as also that' of the Neckar. The Upper Danube is also so full of ice that all navigation has ceased. BAVARIA. , The King, who i s n eve r a t ease when not employed in building, beautifying, &c., is causing a new summer residence to h e b u il t f or bins at Aachaffenburg on the Maine ; it is after the model of a house discovered at Harcelmteum. General Hesse, who followed Colonel Radowitz to M un i c h h as a l ready l e f t f or t h e ot h er Ger man Courts ; he travelled to Augsburgh by that most w r e tchedly -managed of a ll un d erta ki ngs t h e ra il way , and had the satisfacti on of a rr i v i ng a t th e l a tt er pl ace a t twelvo o'clock at night, i ns t ea d o f h a lf- past s i x, t h e proper time of arrival. The company say they have been cheated, and received bad engines from England ; but the truth of the m atter is, tat there is nobody (but the drivers , wh o arc En glish) who u n d ers t an d s a bit about the matter. We talk a great d ea l i n E ng l an d about societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals. It will probably be interesting to know that the fi rs t society of this kind was for med at Nuremburg, in Bavaria, and the example was followed. WURZBURG. Two companies of Gendarmerie passed this on their way to Spezer, in Rhenish Bavaria. T h e ir ultimate destination is said to be the Rhine. The regiment of infantry of th e C rown P r i nce , now at Munich, is ordered to the fortress of Germershein, on the Rhine. Un abated preparations are making in Bavaria and else where. Th e t roo p s are a ll t o b e p rov ided with per cussion muskets, in consequence of which workmen are busy changing the flint and steel into the copper dap. In•Wurtemberg, where the army is, matters arc exceedingly well attended to ; this has long been 0 case ; officers have been despatched from Carlsruhe to S'uttgard, in order to take the requisite steps to eff c. ,a:ndaralter at i on i n t h e B a d en mus k ets. A t B er li n , too, the like is bein g d one . S ome tr i a l s h ave l ate l y b een made there with the Sbarpnell grenades, and they being found to answer very we ll, t h e P russ i an b atter i es w ill be supplied with a number of them. BERLIN. song by Becker i 3 now being sung at ;Mae. At Vienna some doubts were 'hether the censorship would allow of produced ; but they have all been expressly by Prince Metternicli, and !re in Sap, air's next concert,—Moriz- s itE .4" , . ...al s , lirt thez i e fit.. I .4 °K 0 wlo 4ip , 7 7 41 ,,,. rely 4 .. - ••• •,. v,. ~,.A. .. ld, r 9 t.. ,K.r,"'r,.... , -.: ihe lk ir _ • STATE OF THE PEOPLE IN LAN- CASHIRE. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) Most of our public journals are at this •ime on copied with the success of our foreign diplomacy, and the prowess of British arms, and feeling as an English ought to feel, proud of our success, I too, am not with out emotions of this kind ; but when we contrast such matters with the wretchedness and forlorn condition of our people at home, the mind sickens at the thought. How often do we hear the exclamation, " Oh that the Government were as successful at home in causing prol ix rity and comfort !" The state of the manufacturing portion of Lanca shire is deplorable indeed, both for roasters and men, the continued reduction in the prices of goods and yarns, has almost, if not entirely, ruined both. Reduc tion in wages has taken place on reduction, masters to sustain themselves have sought out less expensive modes of working, thousands of operative spinners and care-room hands have thus been thrown out of employ - ment in the depth of winter. Scores, if not hundreds of mills are entirely stopped, because their owners are ruined ; two or three families huddled together in one house, in a state of destitution and wretchedness, and the country swarming with pitiable objects craving cha rity from an exhausted people, desirous to work but not able to find it. Oh my country ! my bleeding country ! who shall show thee any good? Have the Government taken any step to mitigate or relieve this general suf fering? Why, nothing has been done, or, at least, no thing effectual. They seem to think that that is a busi ness of ours, there's to do state homage, receive their salaries, and levy taxes ; perhaps, for our consolation, they may point to the glory of British arros, a poor sub stitute, indeed, for the prosperity and happiness of a p ople. It is an old maxim, that a country cannot be well governed where the industrious and right-minded arc in tile depths of poverty, whether it be by Whig, 'fury, or Radical. We know the Corn-laws, the landlords' taxing acts have had their share in producing this wretchedness, and if their authors hal intended to have destroyed the prosperity of the commercial classes, could they have done it mare effectually ? Not they, their triumph is com plete. Take the following as a sample of our condition : On a recent survey of ttso toe,. —a parish of Ash' under-Lyne, there appears to be nearly 800 empty homes, and seven or eight empty cotton mills, amount ing to a loss, to their owners, of at least 10,000/. a year : In Oeiliam, a still greater number, and heavier loss ; and the other manufacturing towns of Lancashire, are similerly circumstanced. It the Chandos' pets had suffered a thousandth part of what is suffered (Lily in corninere',al Lancashire, their cry would have reached the heavens, the Government would have been assailed by every means. Tne people here despairing of any relief from our and legislators, at least such as can, arc fleeing to foreign coun'rics to seek that bread and comfort which their o.:n denies them, carrying their skill aral industry to set up rival manufactories. Is this to be wondered at ? Not it, indeed ; it is the result of despa'r of any change for the better. With our legislators, commerce and the prosperity• of it are small considerations ; it is of no value, but as it can be made to administer to the pampered appetites of the bread taxers. I wonder it these gentry ever read that significant fable of " the boy (a landowner no doubt) ar.d the goose that laid golden eggs ;" they arc killing commerce that they may get golden prices, and they will have ultimately to exclaim, with trim, " what fools we have been." We have had ail kinds of " commissions of inquiry" except or.e, and that the most important, " a commis sion to ir.quire into the actual condition of the people," aye, the working millions ; but that, to be sure, is of small consideration. Court extravagance, in fact extra vagance of every kind, is crying Tax ! tax ! the people can yet bear more." Was it for this that the people rose in their majesty, caressed and hugged the " whole Bill, and nothing but the Bill?" Nothing of the kind. In that reform they thought they saw good and paternal Government—happy and prosperous days to their firesides and their homes. This was the motile ; but how little did they dream that their enemies would so soon make tlait measure almost as effective fur partial lee,islation as the Old Sarum system of nomination. But the reader may exclaim, these things arc known too well, but where's the rem sdy ? Then we say, re form the Reform all, so as to make it an instrument of good ; effectually reduce the expenses of the State, as to require less money from the people—let the starving artiz An and field labourer purchase bread at the best market—let our monetary affairs be put on a sounder footing, not one day causing apparently great prosperity,, and another ruin and misery, and • Britain may yet become "great, glorious, happy, and free." REPRESENTATIVE GOVERN- MENT. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Slit.-1 am astonished to find that an American writer ot some celebrity asserts, that Representation is a discovery ot modern times ; for it is a fact as certain as history can make it, that the present Civil Constitution of * England was introduced by the Saxons, who when they made themselves masters of this kingdom, established a form of . government in it. si milar to that which they had been accustomed to live under in their native country ; and this government, like that from whence they came, was founded upon principles of the most perfect liberty. My authorities for this assertion arc " Petyto's Rights of Com. ;" " Brady's Comp. History ;" " Ra pin's and Squire's Inquiry." Every freeman was a member of the Watenag,emote. —Tacitus de Govern. c. Flow long this right of being personally present in the Parliament continued, and when the practice of representation was first introduced, cannot be deter mined with precision, but let the custom of represent ltion be introduced when it will, it is certain that from thenceforward every freeholder had a right to vote for Members of Parliament.—See 2d Inst. 27, and 4th ditto, 2. . This right of representation is still more evident by referring to the Statute, Ist Hen. c. 1., which limits the right of election to resident freeholders—but yet every resident freeholder, be his freehold ever so small, had a right to vote. And this right continued till it was taken away, by the Act of the Bth of Hen. VI. c. 7, which excluded, or disfranchised all but forty-!hilling freeholders. The American writer quoted by the Times, lays it down that ail men have from nature equal rights, which in the social state are not relinquished, but held in abey ance. This is another mistake ; for, on reference to " Vat tcl's Law of Nations," " Locke on Civil Government," and " Wollaston's Kul. of Nat.," it will appear that although mea in a state of nature, are absolutely free and independent of one another, and of course of all sovereign jurisdiction, yet that when they, by their own voluntary act, enter into society, they must submit to the laws by which they agree to be governed ; and thereupon the natural rights are extinguished, and ar.) not in " abeyance," as asserted by the American author. Every person who by modern enactments is denied his share in the Legislature, to which he had an un doubted original right, is, in effect, excluded from the benefit of the British Constitution ; therefore, I respect- fully submit that the " modern scheme of representa tion" as now practised, cannot be properly described as a noble discovery of the most proper way of bringing the democratic principle into action. I am humbly of opinion that a scheme of represen tation which would unite the Reformers of the Uoi!ed empire is perfectly practicable ; and 1 may hereafter, if agreeable, trouble you with the particulars.—l hay e the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient, humble servant, VALENTINE BLAKE. December 25, 1840. EMIGRATION TO THE WEST INDIES.—On Wednesday a meeting was held at the City Court-house, for the purpose of dissuading the people from emigrating to Jamaica in the Robert Kerr, now in this port. S r David Roche, M. P. took the chair. The meeting was addressed at considerable length by Counsellt r Moore, the Delei:ate of the Anti-Slavery Society, who dwelt forcibly on the miseries and destructive consequences likely to at• tend such a step, The Chairman, William 'lowly, EF-q , Thomas Steele, Esq., and Thomas Shannon, E , ,q , lately arrived from a similar climate, also cord mned the mea,ure in the strongest terms. A resolution was then unanimously adopted to that effect. William White.:Esq,, inc respected President of the Chamber of Commerce, and his brother, John White, Esq , attended the meeting, as agents for the Emigration Company ; but the opposi ,ion was so stormy, that those gentlemen had to retire, without being allowed to:give any such explanations as they could on the subject. Mr. White, however, stated that there were three times as many applications to him as he could comply with, and that he had returned the money lodged to every one of them that required it, and would continue to do so up to the moment of theyessel sailing. It wa,, also stated by Counsellor Moore, on the authority of the Right Rev. Dr. Ryan, the t Roman Cath,l c clergy man from this diocese has an intention of going out in the vessel ; and that he, with some of the Society of Friends, aoplie , l at the office to know his name, and would nut ho informed. A vote of thanks to the etiairm3n, and to Counsellor Moore, concluded the proceedings, which lasted three hours. Lima ick Chronicle. On Saturday night, about half -past 11 o'c'ock, fl,-e was di,eoveren at No. 9, Prospect-terrace, Gray's inn-road. The fire escape stationed at the Founding, be longing to the Royal Society for the Protection of Li!e from f''ire E,i was om q , u kon the s p o t, w h en th e con d uc t or , Thomas found cl it necessary t o f orce o p en a s t rong :s iron gate, placed at the entrance of the street, with a crow bar before he could apply the escape to the burning pre mises. Fortunately there werelno lives in danger, and he then assisted in saving the goods. Shortly afterwards the Society's water cart escape arrived from Bedford-row, when a number of buckets of water were used, which stayed the progress of the flames until the arrival of the engines, when, by the exertions of the firemen the fire was confined to the upp , r part of the boil. e. IMPORTATION OF HORSES. —We understand that a great number of horses are now weekly imported into Ireland from different parts of Wales.-- Washman. THE sUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1840, FOREIGN LETTERS. There seems to be a very general and erroneous impression that the postage of foreign letters can not be paid by means of stamps. The 3d and 4th Vic., c. 06, sec. 12, authorises that stamps may be used for foreign letters outwards. In those cases, where the stamps are insufficient, and the payment of the foreign postage is compulsory, the letter is returned to the sender ; but where the pay ment is optional, the letter is forwarded and charged " with such postage as if no stamp had been thereon or affixed thereto." The crowds which inconveniently assemble at the last moment to pay their letters in money at Lombard-street and St. Martins-le•Grand would be much lessened if let ters, both inland and foreign, were posted in stamps. WHAT IS PUSEYISM? TO TEE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sett,—A Correspondent of your's some short time since asked the question—" What is Puseyism ?" In answer I would reply that Puseyism is the advocating, by Dr. Pusey and his adherents, of the same construe• Lion being placed upon the rites and ceremonies of the Established Church and the Book of Common Player, as was promulgated by Dr. Anthony Sparrow, Bishop of Exeter, in 1676, in his " Rationale upon the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of Ecgland." This work may be looked upon as the text book of the Puseyites ; it has recently been republished by the Oxford Tract Society, but as some of your readers may he curious to know something of this book, without the payment of five shillings, I have made several extracts from an original copy, and also from a sermon appended to the same work. After your Correspondent has read these extracts, I consider that he can be under no mis take as to " What is Puseyism ?" I am, Sir, your's, &c., ROBERT WILLIAM DICKINSON. Ilfracombe, Dec. 22,1840. ExTizacTs from a Sermon entitled " A Caution against False Doctrine," preached at Truro, in Cornwall, by i Dr. Anthony Sparrow, Bishop o f Exet er , at his prim ar y visitation. Published in Londo n, 1676 . " Let every soul he subject to the h ghee powers, to him that bears the sword not only for wrath, hut also for conscience sake, and whoever resists shall receive damna tion."—Romons xiii. "Be subject to every ordinance of man, for the Lord's saka, whether it be to the Kin' , as supreme, or unto Governors who arc , c'nt , by him."—l Pet. 11. 13. Which words are as plain as can be spoken, and cannot admit of any other interpretation. " Ile that will not hear the Church, let hiss be to thee as an heathen and publican." —Mat. xviii. 17. " Not forsaking the public assembling of ourselves," Het). x. 25; " According; to the commands of those who are our governors."—Heb. xiii. 17. Remember it is God who commands in those plain texts before mentioned, and none but himself can discharge any obedience ; and therefore you must obey till you find the particular commands of your superiors forbidden by as plain texts as those which in general require you to oliey. Keep stcdfast in the faith of all such truths as the Catholic Apostolic Church hath believed and delivered as necessary. t• The Church is the ground and Pillar of truth," I Tim. 5 : " Into her bosom and registry the apostles com mitted all necessary truths. as ouc Lord commanded them," Mat. xxriii. 19, 20. '' Go teach all nations "to observe all things whatsoever T. have command ad you. They hoe their Lord's commands, and were true to their trust in teaching them accordingly. These necessary truths thus laid up in the treasury of the Church arc domestic house hold doctrines, which all cf that family should hold fast, end not he carried about by every wind of strange or for, ign doctrine.— Ileb. xiii. 19. Th-sa necessary truths, committed by the Apostles to the churches of their oa,n plantation, God }lath womised (Mat. xxviii. 20) should be delivered down to the end of the world. L. 3. I am with you (namely, in the teaching all that I have com manded) to the end of the world. What ti.eiefore loath been constantly &livered and believed as commands of Christ by the general testimony of the universal Church in all ages, ought to be fcmly b..lieved upon the same con• sentient testimony we receive and believe the Canonical Scriptures to be the Word of God. Doctor Anthony Sparrow's ( Bishop of Exeter) " Ra tionale upon the Book of Common Prayer." 'rue Common-Prayer-Book contains in it many holy efices cf the Church : as prayers, confession of faith, holy hymns, divine lessons, priestly absolutions, and benedic tions : all which are set and prescribed, not left to private men's fancies to make or alter, Lord bo with you"—is a most excellent and seasonabblee 1 prayer for the people, in effect thus much, tls Lord with you, to lift up your hearts and raise your devotions to his service. The Lord be with you, to accept your services. The Lord be with you, to reward you hereafter with eternal life. The people answered," and with thy spirit," which form is taken:out of 3 Timothy iv. and is :as much as this, Thou art above to offer up prayers and spiritual sacrifices for us, therefore we pray, likewise for thee, that He, with out whom nothing is good and acceptable, be with thy spirit, while thou art exercised in these spiritual services, which must be performed with the spirit, according to St. Paul, 1 Cor. xiv, 15. Thus the Priest prays and wishes well to the people, and they pray and wish well to the Priest. And such mutual salutations and prayers as this and those that follow, where Priest and people interchange ably pray for each other, are excellent expressions for the " Communion of Saints." VERSICLES AND ANSWERS. After the Lord's Prayer follow short versicics and answers taken out of Holy Scriptures. The Priest, when he begins these short prayers, is directed to stand. It is noted :that the priest in the holy offices is some times appointed to kneel, arid sometimes to stand. The reason of this we shall once for all inquire. The priest or ministar being a man of like infirmities with the rest of the congregation, a sinner, and so stand ing in need of grace and pardon as well as the rest, in all confessions of sins and penitential prayers, such as the Litany is, is directed to beg his pardon and grace upon his knees. He, being moreover a priest or minister of the moat high God, that hath received from him an office and authority, sometimes stands, to signify that his office and authority ; which office may be considered either in rela tion to God or the people. As it relates to God, to he is God's ambassador (2 Cor. v., 20), to whom is committed the ministry of reconciliation, in which respect he is to teach, bsptize, consecrate the holy Eucharist, bless and absolve the penitent ; and in all these acts of authority which he does in the name and person of Christ, he is to stand. As his efficc relates to the people, so he is in their stead, for them appointed by God to otter up gifts and sacrifices to God, particularly the sacrifice of praise and thanksgiv ing, together withtheir prayers ; so we read, Hebrews v., 1. " Every high priest or priest (so the words are promiscu ously used, Hebrews viii., 3 4) taken from among men, is ordained for men, or in their stead, in things pertaining to God, to offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins"—which de finition of a priest belongs not only to a priest of the law, but also to a priest or minister of the gospel. For St. Paul from this definition proves that our Lord Christ, who was after the order of Melchizedec, not of Aaron, a priest of the gospel, not of the.law, ought nof;to call himself (ver. ) , but was appointed by God ; and moreover, that he ought to have gifts and sacrifices to offer (Hebrews viii. 3), because every high priest or priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices. These arguments of St. Paul, drawn from this defirii ties, are fallacious and unconcludiug, unless this be the definition of a gospel-priest as well as a legal. Seeing, the.), that we must not conclude St. Paul's arguments to ha unconcluding, we must grant that the ministers Of the Gospel arc appointed ky Gol to offer up the sacrifices of prayers and praises of the Church for the people, thus to stand betwixt God and them ; and to show this his office in these services he is directed to stand. By this we may sae what advantage it is to the people that their prayers are offered up by a priest. For God having appointed hint to this office, will certainly assist and accept his own con stitution ; and though the minister be wicked or undevout in his prayers, yet God, that will punish this neglect in himself, trill certainly accept of his office for the people. Upon this grotto(' probs'aly it was that God sent Abime kelt to Abraham to pray for him, fur he was a prophet.— Genesis xx., 7. LITERATURE. THE COMIC ALMANACK. Tilt, London, 1841. This, we believe, is the third year of this merry, grotesque production, which still keeps up unimpaired its reputation for literary and pictorial humour. George Cruikshank has supplied the plates, and excellent they are, full of the daintiest conceits, yet showing a purpose even in their, apparently, most unmeaning extravagance. We like George better as a droll fantastical satirist, than when he attempts the heroic or romantic in design, as he has lately been doing in his illustrations of " Guy Fawkes" and the " Tower of London," for he has not the slightest notion of the dignified or earnest, and consequently falls into the strangest possible mis takes,both as respects symmetry and expression. But in illustrating wotks like the present, for which little more is requisite than a certain bold extravagance of humour, no one succeeds better than Cruikshank. How rich is his sketch of the " Theatrical Fun-din nci," wherein Clowns and Harlequins, Othelios, Richards, Hamlets, and Machcths, are all repre sented as getting drunk together, regardless of their dramatic dignity, and, what the philosophical Square would call, " the fitness of things'" The condition of Hamlet is irresistibly laughable. Ile is past the power of even hiccupping a soliloquy, and sits staggering in his chair, looking as sick and senti mental as a Cockey on board a steam-boat, when a stiff west wind is sweeping up the Channel. His ' father's ghos., awfully drunk, lies full length on the floor before him—a inagnificent specimen of an in toxicated apparition ! " St. Valentine's Day" is aptly represented by a bevy of amorous birds, who are all billing and cooing in the tenderest man ner possible. One long-necked heron, with a cap and bonnet on her head, listens with mani fest delight to the soft nothings whispered in her ear by a lanky-legged ostrich who is dressed in the very height of dandyism, and looks not much un like some of the tight-laced, whiskered fops whom we sec on fine spring days strutting up and doss Regent-street. The " Unlicensed Victuallers' Dinner" is a smart hit at the annual ovation of these epicurean folks. Of the various pose and verse trifles of w Ilia the letter-press is made up, th e m ost whimsical is a song entitled " Dividend Day at the Bank." PATCHWORK. -3 VoLs Moron, London, 1840. Captain Basil Hall, the author of these volumes is one of those amusing, gossipping writers, whose works are always perused with pleasure by the ge nerality of readers, because they never fatigue the attention, or demand any very severe exercise of thought. Slight in structure, ready and off-hand in style, shrewd in observation, but never profound, they are just the sort of writings to trifle away an idle hour over. It is as a traveller, however, that the Captain is most acceptable, for he is as ardent, as was Jemmy Boswell himself, in his pursuit of novelty, and grudges neither time nor trouble in his chase after it. We well remember his account of his visit to the Loo Choo Islands, till then unknown to Europeans ; the exceeding vividness of his descriptions ; his happy sketches of native character, so fresh and life-like ; his arch allusions to the formal, long pig-tailed Mandarins, whom he was introduced to during his stay at one of the Chinese seaports ; and the interesting particu lars which he gave of his interview with Napo. Icon at St. Helena, with whom he was admitted to the honour of a long conversation, on his way home to England. In his present volumes, which, from their sketchy, desultory nature, arc most ap propriately named " Patchwork," the gallant Au thor details his reminiscences while lately tra velling through many prts of Europe ; and is specially minute on the subject of Sicily, which he seems to have explored with some attention. Among other travellers' freaks he took it into his head to make the ascent of Mount jEtna, which Brydone had previously done ; but though his ac count of this troublesome ascent is circumstantial enough, it is wanting in that sparkling grace of narrative, and graphic liveliness of touch, which we admired in his earlier and fresher productions. He writes more like a practised author than one who con sults only his own mercurial impulses, and lingers so long over his task, that at times he becomes almost wearisome. One incident, however, he mentions, which is well worth notice. While driving towards lEtna, he fell in with a party of Sicilian shepherds, one of whom was playing on the celebrated Doric reed, so often alluded to by Theocritus—an inte resting-fact, which suggests a host of classical recol lections, recalling the fabulous times of Pan and Syrinx, and those primitive shepherds who played and sang at even-tide to dancing fawns and satyrs, by the fountain of Arethuse. In his Alpine sketches Captain Hall contrives to impart something like novelty to a theme on which we should have ima gined nothing new could be said, as will be seen by this account of a sunset in the immediate vicinity of Mont Blanc : The most remarkable change, however, which takes place in the colour of the snow on the higher ridges of the Alps atter the sunset has not, I think, been either poetised, or ever been described in prose,—and as it was quite new to me, may possibly be so to others. While the eye is feasting on the rich tints which suc ceed to the bright light of day, and wishes they might last for ever, the rose colour gradually dies away, and its place is taken by a livid, dead white, resembling so fearfully that of a corpse, that I felt quite shocked as well as startled by the change,—nor have I ever met with any one whose nerves were not more or less dis turbed by this painful transition from the blush of health, as it were, to th aleness of death ! I have seen very wild deserts in i'cru and elsewhere, and many other scenes of desolation in the world, but none which has struck me with so deep a feeling of melancholy, as the sight of Mont Blanc during the period, fortunately a brief one, in which this livid hue is spread over it. Before the shades of night finally settle over all, a very slight and scarcely perceptible return of the rose-tint is often visible on the snow, a sort of reanimation of the scene, which is most cheering and consolatory. SCIENTIFIC AND LITEICARY TREASURY: . _ _ Longman, London, 1840. A work full of the most varied and useful in formation, condensed, with considerable tact, by Mr. Maunder, to whom we are indebted for that popular volume, the " Treasury of Knowledge." We cannot doubt, looking to the careful manner in which it is got up, that this work will be equally well received by the public. A CIIIIISTNIAS DAY IN INDIA.—The natives arc fully sensible of the great importance we attach to the above festival, and endeavour to show themselves ready to acknowledge the reverei•ce in which it is held by us. In the early part of the morning of Christmas Day imposing bouquets of gay flowers are brought into the dwelling and placed upon the several tables, whilst the porticos outside the house are graecfully festooned with floral drapery. The domestics attire themselves with new vestments on the occasion, and after breakfast is over present themselves, one after another, to the Sahib, making their congratula tory " salami." Some of thorn go so f.,r as to offer their " nozzur," or festival gilt, to him. The gardener brings in his basket of choice fruit, which he has purloined from your own garden; the butcher with a fat sheep, which, in collusion with your shepherd, he has managed to thieve from your own flock ; the poulterer with a magnificent turkey, which he has obtained in the bazaar in exchange for half a dozen or more of your beat geese; the " serdar," or chamberlain, with a gold ring, which has been made out of the gold mohura he has from time to time pilfered from your pockLts. It is customary upon these occasions for the master to return the compliment by conferring a pecuniary donation to the above donors, so that the custom, on principle, amounts simply to this; viz., that the master " pays blackee" for giving him back what is his own. COMPLIMENT TO NAPOLEON.—To Captain Usher, of "the Undaunted," was entrusted the convey ance of Napoleon Bonaparte to the Isle of Elba; and no one could have evinced more consideration and respect for the fallen Emperor. The following beautiful and classic compliment was attributed to Sir . Thomas Usher, at the time. On one occasion, when the sea► appeared somewhat - a Lion : " F ear not, Sire," replied the gallant seaman, 6 ' I have more confidence than Caesar's pilot."—Knightuye of Great Britain and Ireland, OF C3NFF,SzION The pric3t and the people, — b - c . ing prepared, make their confesion, which is to be done with ‘• an humble voice," as it is in the cxhortat;Ja. Our Churches' direc tions in this particular arc grave, and conform to ancient rules." TILE MISOLITION. Next foli,Jws the absolution to be pronounced by the priest, alone standing : And in the Rubrick after the confession at the com munion, the Bishop or Priest is ordered to pronounce the absolution standing. Besides, reason teaches, that acts of authority are not to be done kneeling, but standing rather. And this absolution is an act of authority, by virtue of a " Power and Conimandmant of God to his Ministers." as it is in the preface of this absolution. And as we read, St. John xx., Whosoever sins ye remit, they ;are remitted. And if our co nfession be serious of hearty, this absolution is effectual as if God did pronounce it from - % Heaven. So says the confession of Saxony and Bohemia ; and so says the Augustan confession, and which is more, so says St. Chrysostom in his fifth Homily. " Heaven waits and expects the priests' sentence upon earth ; the Lord fol lows the servant, and what the servant rightly binds or looses here on earth, that the Lord confirms in Heaven." The same says St. Gregory, Homily 2i), upon the Gos pels. " The Apostles (and in them all the priests) were made God's vicegerents here on earth, in his name and stead to retain or remit sins." St. Augustin and Cyprian, and generally antiquity, says the same ; so does our Church in many places, particularly in the form of absolution for .he sick ; but, above all, Holy Scripture is clear. St. John; xx. 23, " Whosseoever sins ye remit, they arc re mitted unto them." Which power of remitting sins was not to end with the Apostles, but is part of the ministry of reconciliation—as necessary now as it was then, and therefore to continue as long as the ministry of recon ciliation, that i 4, to the end of the world. ‘Vhen there fore the priest absolves, God absolves, if we be truly penitent." There be three several forms of absolution in the ser vice. The first is thLt which is used at Morning Prayer : " Almighty God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, &c., &c., and hath given power and commandment to his Ministers, to declare and pronounce to his people, being penitent, the absolution and remission of their sins, he pardoneth and absolveth." The second is used at the Visitation of the Sick : " Our Lord Jesus Christ, who bath left power to his Church to absolve all sinners which truly repent, of his great mercy forgive thee ; and by his authority committed to me, I absolve thee, &c." The third is at the Communion—" Almighty God, our Heavenly Fattier, who of his great mercy haul promised forgiveness of sins to all them that with hearty repent ance and true faith turn to him, have mercy upon you ; pardon and forgive you, &c." All these several: forms, in sense and virtue aro the same ; for when a prince bath :granted a commission to any servant of his, to release out of prison all penitent offenders whatsover, it were all'one in effect as to the prisoner's discharge, whether this servant says, " By virtue of a commission granted to me, under the prince's hand and seal, which here I show, I release this prisoner ;" or thus—" The prince who hath given mo this commission, he pardons you;" or lastly, " The prince pardon and deliver you," the prince standing by and confirming the word of his servant. So is it here all one as to the' remission of sins in the penitent, whether the priest to pro nounce . p ar d o n to the ‘ a a f l t l e pr tests powerf orm Almighty God, who bath given absolves rn c him after penitent, He pardons you." Or thus, "By virtue of a commission granted to me frem God, I absolve you." Or lastly, " God pardon you, namely, by me, his servant, according to his promise, Whose sins ye remit, they are remitted.'" All these are several expressions of the same siting, and arc effectual to the penitent, by virtue of that commission mentioned St. John xx. 23 , " Whose sins ye remit they are remitted." Which commission, in two of these forms is expressed ; and, in the last, viz., that at the Communion, is sufficiently implied and supposed; for the priest is directed, in using this form to stand and turn to the people. Which behaviour certainly si gn ifi es more than a bare prayer for the people, (for if it were only aprayer for thepeople, he should not be directed to stand and turn to the people whets he speaks, but to God, frosts the people); this gesture of standing and turning to the people signifies a message of God to the people by the mouth of his priest. THE LESSONS. " Then shall the priest or bishop if present, stand, and turning himself to the people, &c." So in the Pune diction, reading of tho Lessons and Holy Commandments ; but in thoso parts of the office which were directed to God immediately prayers. hymns, lauds, confession of faith, or sins, he tu rne d f rom t h e peop l e ; an d for that purp o se, , as in many pari s h c h urches o f l ate , t h e rea di ng -pe w h a d one desk for the bible, looking towards the people and the body of the church, another for the prayer-book, looking towards the cast, or upper end of the chancel. And very reasonable was t hi s usago ; f or w h en th e p eo pl e w ere spoken to i t was f i t to l oo k towar d s t h em; b ut is hen God was sp o k en to, it was fit to turn from the people. And besid es , if t h ere b e an y part of the world more honourable in the esteem of men than another, it is fit to look that, way when we pray .to God in public that in turning of our bodies, towards a more honourable pla ce , may remind us of the great honour and maj, sty of rho person we speak to. And this reason St. Augustin gives of the Chinches' an cient custom of turning to the East in their public prayers, because the east is the most honourable part of the world, —Augustin, I. 2 (15 Ser. D om . i n Monte, c. 5. light, whence the glorious sun arises being the region of`. people v e Aihi to e w r a r r d e rt o h n e u m p aY pe r b e e n dgoi e t iL of the et) chancel turningnour fr om h t prayers. because it is fit in our prayers to look toward; that pert of the church or chancel which is the highest and chief, and where God a&rds his most gracious and mysterious pre. scree, and that is the holy Table and Altar, which anciently was placed towards the upper or east end of the chancel This is the highest part of the chancel, set apart to the highest of religious services, the consecration and distri. bution of the holy Eucharist. Here is exhibited the most gracious and mysterious presence of God that in this life we arc capable of, the presence of his most holy body and blood. And, therefore, the Altar was called the of God, the Type of Heaven, Heaven itself. As, tlvre fo r there fore, ti e Tabernacle J e % o v of s i God'stheir Glory, I p o r r s Chair of State, tl:e Throne a y ; e rs x xvlii. 2 , looked towards the princi palB3 the Christians, is th e i r prayers , turned towards the V,e Mercy-seat-seat--Palmprinpcia;:lofptalr'et Temple , hurch, the Altar, of which the of the. Mercy res t was but a type. And as our Lord bath taught us in - hi , prayer to look up towards heaven tthcn we pr ,, y, s.ty ing " Our Father which art in heaven," not ai if Gad were th,:re confint ti. fur he is everywhere, n Car h ; s wail as in heaven, but because " Heaven is his Throne," whereas " Earth is but his Footstool;" so holy Church by her practice, teaches us in our public and solemn prayers to turn and look not towards the inferior and lower parts of the footstool, but towards that part of the Church which most resembles heaven, the holy Table or Altar. Correspondent to this practice was the manner of the Jews of old, for at the reading of the law and other scriptures, he that did minister turned his face to the people, but he who read the prayers turned his b-,':k to t:t, people, and iris face to the At k.— Me, Thu.,. of no. plge i " The Lord be with you," " And with thy spirit." This divine salutation taken out of the Scripturegm," The PRAYER FOR THE CHURCH. The Church, excellently described by bishops, curates, and the people committed to their charge. By curates here are not meant stipendiaries, as now it is used to signify, but to all those whether parsons or vicars, to whom the bishop, who is the chief pastor under Christ, 'lath committed the cure of souls of some part of his flock, and so are the bishop's curates. The bishop wilt these curates, a flock or congregation committed to their charge, make up a Church. For according to our Sa viour's definition, a church is a shepherd, and his sheep that will heed his voice ; to which St. Cyprian's description agrees, Ep. lxix. Eli stint Ecdesia, plebs Sacerdoti adunata, et pastori suo grew aalterens. " The Church is a congregation of believers united to their bishop, and a flock adhering to their shepherd ;" whence you ought to know, says he, that " the Church is in the bishop, and the bishop in the Church ; and they that arc not with the bishop are not in the Church. Now, because the bishops are guides and governors of the Church, so all acts of the Church arc ordered and di rected by them, as the same Cyprian says : therefore, the custom of the Church always was, and not without reason, to pray particularly, by name, fur the bishop, as they did for the King. The preface to this prayer is suitable— " Almighty God, which workest great marvels, send down upon Thy Church, bishops, curates, and the congrega tions committed to their charge, the healthful spirit of thy Grace." THE BLESSING. We cud our service - ‘, 7 4h - a --- blessing, which is to be pronounced by the Bishop if he be present.—( See the Ru bric before the blessing in the Communion Service.) " Then the priest or bishop, if he: be present, •hall let them depart with his blessing." This is ordered for the honour of the b'shop's authority.—Hebrews, vii. 7. With out contradiction the less is blessed of the greater. Therefore, blessing being an act of authority, the bidhup ought not to be blessed by the priest, but the priest by the bishop. This blessing of the bishop or priest was so highly es teemed in the primitive times, that none durst go out of Church till they had received it, according to the Councils of Agatha, Can. 31, in the year 472, and Orleans the Third, Can. 22. THE COMMUNIIN SERTIC'E. The consecration consists, chiefly in rehearsing the words of cur Saviour's institution—" This is my body, and this is my blood," when the bread and wine is present upon the Communion Table. Can. Anglic. 21. St. Chrys., Ser. 2. in 2 ad Tim. The Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, which the priest now makes, is the same that Christ gave to his Apostles. This is nothing less than that. For this is not sanctified by men, but; by Him that sanctified that—for as the words which God our Saviour spako are the same which the priest now uses, so is the sacrament the same. Again, Scr. de Jude, lat. liel. tom. 3., Christ is present at the Sacrament Row, that first instituted it. He consecrates this also—lt is not man that makes the body and blood of Christ by consecrating the holy elements, but Christ that was cru cified for us. The \'‘ ords are pronounced by the mouth of the priest, but the elements arc consecrated by the power and grace of God. This is, saith he, my body. By this word the bread end wine arc consecrated. Before these! words (" This is my body") the bread and wine arc common food, fit only to nourish the body ; but since our Lord bath said " Do this, as oft as you do it in remembrance of me, This is my body, this is iny blood ;" as often as by these words and in this faith they arc con secrated, the holy bread and blessed cup are profitable to the salvation of the whole man —Cyprian de Ccena Dom. The same says St. Anil:). 1. 4, de Sacram. c. 4 and 5; St. Aug• 28, dc Verb. Dei, and others. TRANSLATION OF THE SCRIP TURFS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUiV. d Sta,—ln your Paper of last night is a letter, signe " A Constant Reader, M.A.," in which the writer de fends the present version of the Scriptures. It is a pity that such persons do not examine the Scriptures before thus venturing to give an opinion. The present version which he asserts is a translation made by men learned in the Hebrew, &c., is not a translation at all ; it was merely, as these clever and learned men themselves ac knowledge, a revision of previous translations ; it con tains the chief errors of the translations from which it was made. In fact, I have no hesitation in asserting that the mistranslations of the Scriptures, and the want of consistency between the :preaching and the ;acting of thosa men who assume to themselves the title of clergy, arc two main props of infidelity. To support the common version is to support infidelity—to support a translation from the original, such as is John Bel larny's, will be a powerful agent in the destruction of infidelity. Few persons know the beauties of the Scriptures ; the dignity they possess, when properly translated, it truly divine. And here we have had, for generations, a body of men, clothed in black uniforms, and fed as the public expcnce, at about six millions a year, for the purpose of making known the will of God, and what have they done in the matter most important to the knowledge of that will, namely, a correct translation ? Nothing. In fact, a correct translation of the Scriptures would send the clergy adrift, and would teach them, by ne cessity, to get their living by active industry. Your Constant Reader, London, Dec. 26, 1840. J. E. ~ GouvitunsT.— WEALD Or KENT HOP DUTY. —" flop duty day" has passed, and as far as this district is concerned, the Queen, " God bl es s her," b as got the duty in full ; the Lords of the .Treasury would not wait, and bet ween be g ging an d borrowing, mortgaging silver spoons, and pawning old coins, by selling cows,..an pigs, and fowls , the money has been raised, and the dreaded day has passed, not, however, without a few being sum and some addition made to the charges in the shape of costs. It has, however, gone off better than was expected, and it re mains to be seen how the p lanter can "o on without money, the collector having taken it all. At present we have a great many labourers unemployed, the uni,,n-houses are filling fast, and poor-rates are inercas in.!. in a mount. If the farmers are not light in heart this Christmas, we are sure they are so in pocket, arid they must hope for batter f,rnes. Hop duty day is over as f u r as they arc concerned ; not so with tne tradesmen ; the cash for Christmas bills will ha missing, his till on a S itur day will not be replenished, fur one very good riot son—the labourer will have no money to spend. A most distressing ease occur, d et Horsmonden. A small philter owed Ebout for duty, and could not raise it in time ; be started for London to sell what few apples he had in order to pay it, but before he return( d borne an execution was put on the premises, and the expenses and duty amounted to considerably more than he received fur the fruit. Thanks to a few kind friends (but none to the Lords of the Treasury), the money was raised.—Sussex Express. SKATING ON TIIE THANIES.—SO intense has been the frost during the past week that that part of the Tharneseall d Reach, closet° thi!, - town (13...tiding') , hArti ...o pori:9ossitAlity.; oil it Thursday last, j glad to learn, the occurrence of any accident,_Berbs I Chronicle. el A RDENERS' GAZETTE.—The Propr ie- J( tors respectfully announce that they have placed the ma nagement of the Horticultural Department of this Journal in the hands of J. C. LOUDON, Esq., F. H.S., assisted by able contributors. This announcement will be considered a suffi cient guarantee that the GAZETTE will be conducted so as to merit the patronage of every lover of Horticulture and Flo riculture. When it is generally known that the GAR DENERS' GAZETTE contains all the News of the Week, in addition to a mass of information on all gardening matters; that it steers clear of all party polities; that it is free from that licentiousness which unfortunately characterises too many newspapers of the present day ; it will be readily admitted that it is in every respect a desirable Family Newspaper. The Con ductors earnestly solicit the Fathers of Families to give this Journal a trial. The Proprietors will feel great pleasure in forwarding Specimen Copies gratis to the address of any Lady or Gentleman wishing to see it. The GAZETTE is one of the best Advertising mediums existing, not only for Books, but everything connected with Horticulture and Agriculture. Orders received by Joseph Clayton, jun., News Agent, at. the Office, 320, Strand ; and by all Postmasters and Booksellers throughout the kingdom. With the Number of January '2 will be presented, gratis, a novel and splendid Gardeners' Alinanack. Along with the ordinary Number for the Week, on Saturday, January 2, 1841, I - IHE SPECTATOR will publish , in a IL Stamped Sheet, of equal size, the House of Commons' REPORT and mosT IMPORTANT EVIDENCE on IMPORT DUTIES. Showing, on the highest official au thority, how the present Customs injure the Merchant, the Con sumer, and the Public Revenue ; and, on the same high autho rity, suggesting a simplified Tariff, with diminished rates, tend ing to th, benefit of the Revenue, the cheapening of Commo dities, the relief of the Dealer, And the general increase of Trade. Orders received through all the Newsvenders in Town and Country. THE ERA NEWSPAPER of SUNDAY, 3d January 1841, will contain, in addition to all the News of the Week, Captain Marrvat's Nei' Tale—The Pea:iher (continued) — Glimpses of the Turf for 1841—Comments and Suggestions— The Turf Summary concluded—and a curious Handicap Table (by Vates). NEW NAVAL NOVEL. Now ready, at all ihe Libraries, in 3 vols., T E NAVAL SURGEON , By the Author of " Cavendish," " The Flying Dutchman," 8:e Henry Colburn, l'ublisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Now ready, in 3 vols. post Bvo., with numerous Engravings, on Wood. POPULAR RADITIONS OF ENGLAND. FIRST SERIES. LANCASHIRE. By JOHN ROBY, Esq., M.R.S.L. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. To be had of all Booksellers. ITIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA having AUTHORISED and GUA RANTEED several DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY D!VIDENDY , , which (though they arc NO LOTTERIES) after many possibilities of obtaining LARGE FORTUNES. HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, Are now SELLING BONDS for the saidDISTKIBUTIONS. Persons desirous to purchase for the next Distribution, may re ceive, PREVIOUS to giving any order, the PROS -) ECTUS tud PARTICULARS, upon addressing WITHOUT DE LAY, a line to HEINE, BROTHERS, at HAMBURG/1. THE NEXT DISTRIBUTION, managed and guaranteed by the Austrian Government, contains TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED DIVIDENDS, Amounting to £954,888, The Dividends being £15,000 £6OO £7O 0 £37 10 7,500 300 50 0 37 0 3,800 200 42 0 36 0 1,800 150 40 10 35 0 1,200 100 39 0 THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN. •;NDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTIUS. THIS EVENING, DEC. 2t Will be presented Shakspere's Comedy (with Musis) of THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR. Sir John Falstaff, Mr. BartleT ; Master Slender, Mr. C. Ma thews ; Ford, Mr. Cooper ; Fenton, Mr. W. Harrison; Mrs. Ford, Mrs. Nisbet ; Mrs. Page, Madame Vestris ; Ann Page, Miss Rainforth, Mrs. Quickly, Mrs. C. Jones. After which, The NEW GRAND CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME will be repeated, entitled THE CASTLE OF OTRANTO; OR, HARLEQUIN AND THE GIANT HELMET. Harlequin, Mr. C. J. Smith ; Clown, Mr. T. Ridgway ; Pantaloon, Mr. Dlo•"tli ; Columbine, Miss Fairbrother. To-morrow, The Midsummer Night's Dream, with the New Pantomime. Doors to be opened at half-past Six—the performances to :ommence at Seven o'Clock. Titkets and plates for the BOVA to be taken of Mr. Grogan Ii the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may oe had upon application. Dress I3oxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 3s. 6d.; First and Second ircles, ss. ; Second Price, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, 35.; Second Price. ; Gallery, Is. Private Boxc, to be had so'ely of Mr. And: aoss, bookseller 67, New Bond-street. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Third Night of the Grand Christmas Pantomime, and Grand Dioramic Annual. The principal Characters in the Panto mime by the Boleno Family; Mr. Southby, the Popular Closn ; Signior Felix Carlo, from Franconis, at Paris : and Miss Sharpe. THIS EVENING, DEC. 29, Will be represented a New Domestic Drama, entitled MARTHA WILLIS, THE MAID SERVANT. Martha Willis, Mrs. Henry Vining. Supported by the entire strength of the Company, After which will be produced the New Comic Pantomime, entitled HARLEQUIN AND MY LADY LEE ; OR, GOOSEY GANDER AND THE SPELL-BOUND GOSLINGS. lIIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO.MORROVV. Morning 4I minutes after 5 Evening 4 minutes after 6. The Publication •f t e Evening r.dition •f 'lna Sux com menced Lt 20 minutes after Three. LONDON: TUESDAY, DECEMBER 21). 1840. The regret which we expressed yesterday at the line of conduct which Admiral STOPFORD felt it his duty to pursue with respect to Commodore NAPIER'S Convention with MEHEMET ALI, has not been diminished by a more careful perusal of the correspondence between the Gallant Admiral and his Highness the VICEROY. On the con trary, the first painful impression made upon our mind has been deepened by the closeness with w hi c h we have endeavoured to examine this ques tion in all its bearings. There were so many rea sons to induce the Admiral, if he could not accept the Treaty c onsistently with his instructions, no t to reject it altogether, that we are really asto nished how he could have arrived at the conclu sion at which he did. In the first place, why was Commodore NAPIER sent with a squadron to Alexandria, if he was neither to fight nor nego tiate ? If a mere conference only was anticipated, a steamer would have answered the purposes better than ships of the line, calculated by their movements to alarm Eu rope. Next, the Conven tion having been signed, and on its way to England it ought :o have occurred to such a man as Admiral STOPFORD that no injury could arise from remain ing silent till he had received further instructions from Lord PALMERSTON. Ile must have been sensible that he could not reject the Treaty without passing a severe censure upon the conduct of a most meritoriou:, offiLer—wonr ding in the tenderest point the pride of the PACH A of Egypt— and indirectly inflicting great injury upon British good faith in every part of the world. Nor was even the rejection of the Treaty conceived in terms becoming the high rank of the Gallant Admiral, aid the il lustrious name of the officer c ensured by it. The Admiral himself must have felt this very sensibly when four days after he had dcnounced Commodore "A:Q. Conrentiou es" hx,:ty and unauthorised, he found himself obliged to submit for the PACHA'S acceptance a Convention proposed by Lord PAL• r c * " -w, Avi . -,.. -) . -4 , 0 -g- e ":,.. , A. 0,,,,, \-,,,,- rr . e t ,,,. ,?,N.., , _k_ t c' 4 4 , ~.: _i f f e t,... i •....2 - • - ,e,gict • -, 3,!: , , , . ~.....S. , v ~...," - • ZU fln. EVENING EiliTlOlsi"! sth MERSTON precisely the same in substance tIS that which he had rejected. Dates are of 'grgat consequence here. On the 2d of Deceniher the gallant Admiral rejected NAPIER'S Convection, and on the 6th of the same month he forwarded the . PALMERSTON Convention to Alexandria. The two Conventions were in the Mediterranean at the same time, and had Commodore NA PIER'S as r rived in London before Lord PALMERSTON/4 was despatched, not a line of it ever woo shave been written. That Admiral STOPFORD was 101,11CRCed by any considerations but those of an anxionr: desire faithfully to discharge the duties of his high trust is not to be supposed for one instant. Nothing can be stronger than our conviction that no private or personal feeling —no touch of wounded vanity—had the slightest share 71 causing him to reject the Treaty in the ma ntis,` , r he did. In showing himself for a moment up; equal to the discharge of the great duty which de volved upon him, he evinced a limitation ocnigh capacity—nothing else. Did this question merely concern the gallant Admiral and the Commodore, we s hould not think of adverting to it a second. time ; but, as it cannot but Meet the:credit of Bri tish agents in Egypt and India, and the British Government everywhere, we could not, in fairness to the national good faith, and to the successful negociation of the chivalrous NAPIER, suffer it to pass out of the immediate t ecollection of our readers, without again alluding to it. We are ready at. all times to examine and rcfute, if we can, any semblance of argument in favour of the Corn-law, or even an y assertion, For example, the Post of Saturday had the following paragraph, which, though the statement has been refuted over and over again, we shall re-examine : "We regard the Corn-laws a s of inestimable value to the working classes , beca use they secure tneces o our o wn population so much of empkyment as is sary for cultivating the la nd which p that these roduces the food cons umed in this country. It is very true laws are also of inestimable value to the owners of land, because they secure to them the pr,ofitable em no employment at a ; but the princi ployment of property which otherwise might find those laws is that of the working people, becatc,e'the cultivation of the land is the greatest and oatm ce,•tain source of employment in this country, and dior pal inserest in tion of employment is the grand cvii to be dreaded by them. It is already too scanty. They are already slightly rewarded for their labour, because there are, too many labourers in proportion to the work to be done. But the greatest work which has to be done by labourers in this country is the raising of food from the land, and, if food were p rocured from foreign coun land, with.. tries, that work would be d iminished or done away If, then, it is true—which we maintain g i gs—t the greatest evil of the working classes in country is the difficulty of obtaining constant employment, then it follows that to make a change which would throw much of their present employment into the bands of foreigners would be a great evil to them." Is it a fact or a ficti on that the Corn -laws secur e em ployment for our people ? meat ? Not one word. What d oes the law Does it profess to s dd to employ men t ? Not it. say—anything abo ut employme The enactment runs in substance thus :—" Whereas it is expedient to allow grain, flour, &c. to be im ported, be it therefore enacted, that grain, flour, &c. mav be entered for home consumFtion on the pay ment of certain duties." Not a vvottl does the law say about employment. On the contrAry, it ap pears to be solicitous that the people be fed, and therefore it allows the import of food, clogged with the condition that when they import it they shall pay to the State certain duties in proport not to the wants of the State, but the price of corn in the market. There is not the slightest reason to be lieve, from the wording of the Act, that to sacure e mployment was in the contemplation of the Legis lature, but much reason to believe that the Legis lature was penetrated with the conviction that Great Britain could not grow food enough for its people, and therefore said, " it is expedient that food be imported,"—and also much reason to believe that the Legislature, nevertheless, wished to keep up the price of grain, for it would not allow the importa tion, however expedient, however necessry to save the people from starving, unless they p aid a duty high in proportion as the price of wheat was low, en it being admitted at the dut y of ls. a q uarter wh er the price rises to the eno rmous sum of 735. p quarter. In the enactment, then, not a word is said about employment ; neverth eless the Post affirms that the law—operating differently from the intention of the Legislature, which obviously was to secure a supply of food, and at the same time keep tip its , 'l7 price—secures employmen t for tne peope• The Post does not explain how to permit the importation of food, and keeping up its price, augments the employment of its people ; but it thinks that the law keeps the land in cultivation.. Prior to the present law, there was a positive pro hibition to import food till it had reached certain prices, and experience had proved that the prohibi tion could not be sustained —it was impossible ; and the Executive Government, during i ts exist ence, interfered on more than one occasion to sus pend the law. The present law was an amendment on the old law, and it re cognized as expedient that importation whic h the more barb aro us law of 18 15 had prohibited. But before the barbarous prohi bitory law was passed, importation froe. During that natural sta te of things, cu l t i va tion, in stead of decreasing, extended rapidly. From the ; beginning of the reign of GEO. HI to 1791, and no less than 1, 532 Inclosure Acts were passed, 2,804,197 acres of land were added to those under n_ cultivation. " It deserves (says Mr. Locu, from whose Dictionary we copy the strut?, ment), particular notice that from 1771 to 1791,. both inclusive, the period during which the greater number of these improvements was effected, there w as no rise of prices ." There was, however, a fre_ importation of corn, and instead of employ meat. being diminished by the land going out of cultiva tion in consequence of that free importation, it was increased by the extent of 2,801,197 acre... taken into cultivation. The supposition, therefore,, that free importation of food would put our own land out of cultivation, is a mere far.cy or fiction of the Post not warranted by the law, and not in the least warranted by our experience of the effectsthe of the free importation of food. In the d e b a te on . Corn-laws, Sir HENRY PARNELL refuted ,the supposition of the Post. The law which allows the importation at certain. s;;] prices on the payment of certain duties, appears the price of food in operate in this manner. In the ordinary and , • p a average e other e t aotuenot countries the e is tsnoa muchcts, lower than t he ;e 4 tt t o l u ie t re paLi p n r g essly price a heavy duty, that no corn is grown fixed by the law at which it can be imported with- G,"( for our markets. The law puts a stop, which it probably intended, to employment in veil agriculture in the foreign countries. It impoverisheurif the customers of our manufacturers. How does fi'" that rebound on England ? The foreigners are not in disposed to stan d idle, and the y want the clothing 13' '31( . 1' which they woul d have if the y were allowed to buy from us. Though not so advantageous for them ' 4 ." corn to ~..,, ! ;,:toge 1•i ,•f tb"v their attention to manufactures, and break up stileir Adia' arable ground into sheep walks. This is evictly:g°l what occurred, and what is now occu rrin g , in tier many. The people who were disposed to tic' 0 /. 31 corn for our markets now look to improving and making cloth for themselves. Our people at"' l3ll . the same time lost, and now lose, the profitahlnern-'-`3. 1". p!oyment, OA; '; Miltrtd 03) . Gills the (~grin-i.V., ' , by oti the natural course of trade, levy in g duties to keep lII° ~Tkf F?A~x .11.1 'Jaen' an ec, them agric factu ter 0 gtess fo.d tiled the r THE CHINA_ SUN," CONTAINING A MAP, AND HISTORY OF CHINA, WITH THE LATEST NEWS, now on Sale, Price SIXPENCE. 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