The Sun. — London, England, 1817-09-03 00:00:00

ROMAN CATHOLIC 6. , When wepfestrile(lto our Reade nr s onentittclay 'ast The Catte6raot, or Convention., between THE FUPK and the KING OF FRANCE, we animadverted on the Stiliterviency of the latter to the tlead of the Rottlan 'Catholic Church. A second Concor dat, which we inserted the nekt dAy, strengthened our objections to any PikPAL INTERtEIIENCE in the Governinent anther State, except merely on the grocinitg the National Faith of that State, if it acktowledged THE PoPE as the Head of its - Q . (oth. We are glad to find that our ob jeCtions receive support from the very able and loyal conductor of The (Dublin) Correspondent, Voth Which Paper we have taken the following just and pertinent observations on a subject that must always he interesting to those who wish to preserve our Constitution, in Church and State, twin the open or insidious assaults of PorEeY he mil oltdaim against U. Anti what is tote ground upon Which this undue interference in the affairs of a foreign independent State is attempted that the free exercise of religioo is allowed to per'son's riot belonging to the communion of the Church 'Of Rome I. No human power can inter cept the prayer of any religion, On its wa y to the Aliniglify—tyranny tins always sunk Irtfiled from the design. The heart will pray—even the lips will grow wearrin pious labotirtio power that mati ever sswayed can prevent it. Alt that human power can do, is to prohibit public worship : all that the dangerous liberality of the Constitutional Charter established was to secure to all religions the right of pttblio Worship—the free exercise of it. Does his Holiness the Pope consider the free exercise of religion " contrary to the laws of ?" Does he consider it as repugnant to the religious scut intents professed by Louis X:11111., that the free exercise of religion should be allow ed by law ? It he think thus concerninv a state, professing that religion exclusively of which he I s t h e head—what must he rooceive of a Nation, wherein his religion is not the religion of the State, but is allowed, with at! others, free exer cise If the free exercise of religion be contra ry to the laws of religion, in the contemplation of the- Pope—what moist he his horrors at be bolding any other religion that' his own para mount ? Here is evidence irrefragable, of the circumspection and sensibility which the Holy Father exercises and indulges concerning the in terests of the Church committed to his charge— here is demonstration, that hi, zeal in the dis charge of .his trust has carried him to the length of intermeddling in the civil concerns of an inde pendent State—and yet there are men who, are endeavouring to persuade the Roman Catholics of Ireland that the Pope and Gonsalvi are conspir ing with Lord Castlereagh and the English Go vernment to destroy the Roman Catholic reli gion ;—amd there are others, endeavouring to per suade us ail, that the Head of the Roman Catho lic Church confines his vigilance and superintend mice to mere spiritual atrair.• !—antl whets, that affect to think that all reasonings upon public facts are libels, and all inferences, however just in point of reason, fit to be answered by execrations atid ,larders.! " The King of France excuses hinself from the impi.tation of haring conferred that upon his sub jects, %%hien is " contrary to the laws of reli gion," by affirming, that the oath which he took " does not extend to any of the dogmas or laws of the Church, and relates only to the civil con stitution of afraies." How could the free exer cise of religion relate to any thing else ?—Sorely the Pope most have known as much, even when he was complaining." NEXT WEDNESDA Y THE LOTTERY WILL BEGIN AND FINISH—ONLY Q,900 NUMBERS—FORTY THOU SAND POUNDS MAY BE GAINED BY ONE NUM BER I—PRIZES ALL f.a,TERLING MONEY. '7l - liiATRICAL REGISTER. Performed Last Night. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.-- , TeaZing' Made Easy: Prin- Chnracter, by Mr. Terry and hiss Matthews. After which, The Actor of All Wort:. To which was added, Tilt: Critic. NE W THEATRE ltnirAt, EtitivlSH OPERA-HotT3E..—The Purse. After which. Frederick the Great: Frederick the Second, Mr. H. Johnston ; Matilda. Miss Kelly. To which was a..ded, Fire and Water. 'AA I.s A Wnivri , --1 Mitultorgti, l Gottcnburgh, 2 Waterford. Du c-1 HatobOtati. w STOCKS THIS I , ,ve rwELVE u'CLOCK. 3 per Cent. 1ird......50/i HO 1 Bank L. Ann.. 104 I:3-16 11-16 :3 per Cent. Cons. ..... 79iiii India Bonds,. 1064. 107 s. pr. 4 pet Cents "I i 1 Exch. 8i11..:.255. Ws. 2f3s. pr. 5 per Ccut. N4;y Ann. 10444 1 C ,, f , s. fu , October,Boii SO 7O 1';. F.YTON, Stock-Broker, 2, Cornbill, and IE3, Coventry- s treet. HIGH WATER AT LONDON Blti9GE To-moItROW. Nt.rnitic, 20 minut , ..s after 7. I Evening, 45 minutes a fter 7. THE SUN. sostni QUIS DICERS FALSUM AUDKAT, LONDON, IVEDNESD:IY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1817. " RELIGIOUS LIBEIZTY. " The Co , tVention between Pope Pins VII. and the Kingol Prance, appears to have at ratted. more attention in this country. transaetiotne Ut ari ordinary kind between foreign Potentates usually provoke. Let the real case stand as it u ill, it wonld seem, from the official doenment signed by M. illacAs, as Envoy F4xtraordinary of his %losr Christian Majesty, that there are some pretensions set up by the Holy See to interfere in the civil govertiMent of nations, which are n ot to the taste of the present age, and which cannot be suffered to pass, without sonic sort of disavowal bring mane by the real hiemis of Ci% it Liberty. The Cousittitional C , ,arter of France—that to hicl, both and l'eople have sworn fealty— coot 4i•s the explicit declaration of certain funda mental things, as the common right of the nation, in their politic capacity, as unalterable privileges— acknowledgments to be held sacred for ever, and destined for the . freedoM, happiness, and peace of Ole people at large. Among those things, so con sented to between the nation and their Govern. roent, the free exercise of religion, by All sects and communities of Christians whatsoever, form, a n explicit covenant, to the due observance of which the parties are soieninly held. This free exercise elf religion, is not made out of an indifference to. rill religion—because, the same document, the same record of the public rights, in which is re gistered the right of all Christians to the tree -ex ercise of their religion in France, recognises, at the same time, generally, and•explicitly, the Etonian Catholic religion as the religion of the State. The Ittloinied religion, and all others protesting, in doctrine or in spit it, against the tenets of time Church of Rome, appear to have obtained - no thing, of ;I very positive nature, by this Constitu tional Charter. They have a right to worship God, unmolested by the Law or by the Magis trate : but their respective religions are wholly left to their spiritual iirfinence-- . .-and the one religion only, namely, the religion of the Church of ac,:ording to the laws and privilegesin sisted upon by the Galilean Church, is identified with the State. " This established supremacy of the Church of %nue, inl4 . e,nce, may hate saeidied a very zealous Pope of the 19111 century. But it scents that Pins tile VII., notwithstanding, entertained some fears for the Church at the head of which he is placed, In conseqnence o f this Cove ant, cowained in the COtotitutional Charter, guaranteeinV. to an wen th-. tree exercise of their religion ; ...— an d i t ,4,,„„id appear, that those feats extracted from his 11,1i ro-ss certain Retnotistrote , !s, or , at least, certain Declarations, upon wh.en it was thought neces. naryby the French Government to come to sonic explanatian. This is plaiely inferable from the Declaration of M. Blacks, who ittfi!ans, that " his Most Christian Majesty hail leartiel, with gt.eat pain, that some 'articles of the Constirutinnal Charter which he has confetred on his subjects, bad appeared to his Holiness contrary to the la•vs of rvitgibui and to the religious sentiments which Majesty bad never ceased to profess." The Declaration, after other matters, " protests, in the Udine of his Majesty, and according to the s en timents which belong to the eldest Son of the Church, that after having declared the Catholic, Apostolic, and Itifinait Religion to be that of the State, it was incumbent upon his Majesty to de clare, to all those his subjects who professed tli osc other persua,lons establidied in France, the fire exercise of religion, and to seCare that liberty by the Charter and the oath of the Sovereign." " After ris, there cannot exist a doubt, but that the articles of the Charter, which guaranteed the free exercise of religion, were those which his Holiness the Pope complained of as appearing to him contrary to the laws of religion, and to Vie religious sentiments protesed by Louis XVIII. that is to say, that it appeared to him to be con trary to the laws or religion—his religion being that of the Church of Rome—that the tree exer cise of religion should he allowed by law. No other imaginable construction can 'be put upon the language expressed in M. Blacas's documeot. Ju the first place, it strikes many as an intolera ble pretension, utterly at variance with every principle of Civil Liberty, that his holiness the - Pope shoidd, in any respect, interfere with the bestow e d by any S overe i go system of civil polity upon his subjects, or agreed to conventionally between both. The Pope, It is said, pretends Merely to a spiritual authority in matters relating to religion. If this be the case, what right had the Pope to meddle with the civil adjustments of France What right had he even to comp l a i n of any thing which an independent Sovereign State may think it proper to do, in its owl , infe rior concerns ? Between France and the Pope, there is no imaginable lieamcnt, save what a Church administration, subject to the supremacy of the Pope, may claim-- - -how, tken, could the r oF , with any shadow of right, pretend to ar , raign any principle which France had thought proper to lay doWn as fundamental, in the scheme of her civil polity ? " To the principle of such interference, every mean, whose breast contains a single spark of pure liberty, will object—he will protest a g ainst it— We received this morning the Paris Papers of Sunday last.—The following are Extracts : " PARts, ALTO. 31 —The Count de Ruppin (King of Prussia) set out yesterday morning at 3 o'clock. " Yesterday ot ten, the two Committees of the Interior, and of War, of the Council of State, as sembled at the Hotel of the Chancellery, by spe cial order of the Keeper of the Seals; M. Becquny, Under Secretary of State in the department of the Interior, presided. " General Debelle, whose sentence was by the clemency of the King commuted for ten years de tention in a State Prison, and who was confined in the citadel of Besancon, has been by the fur ther grace of the Monarch, and us believed at the intercession of the Duke d'Angouleme, set et liberty. " Many English continue to arrive in France. They write from Boulogne, that the number of English families who have established themselves in that town and its environs, to pass the summer, artmunts to nearly 1,500. " The Frankfort Journal states, under date Aug. 10, that the officers, sub-officers, and sol diers of the Swiss Guard of the King of France, who had gone to their country on leave of absence, or to recruit, have been recalled, and are to re. turn to join their corps. " Letters from the Brazils statv, that the Co- ronation of Lb Most Faitl.ful Majesty took place on the 6th of Aptil. " Yesterday the Ministers for Foreign Affairs and General Police transacted business with his Majesty. " The Marshal Duke de Reggio accompanies the Count de Ruppin to the frontiers. The Count de Ruppin visited Versailles on Thursday. " There were in France, before the Revolution, 139 sees ; the Concordat of 1801 suppressed 90. According to the new Concordat there will be 92 secs, that is to say 42 more than in the former, and 47 less than in the ancient order. " They write from Calais that there is still the same bustle RI that port. The number of persons from England who have disembarked there from the Ist July to the 24th August was 4,373 ; that of persons who embarked, 2,791. Thus in 55 days 7,164 travellers have passed through Calais. " The Gazette of Parma denies the assertion of several Journals which designate that city as the birth-place of Martinez, Chief of the Rebels of Perna►nbuco. There is only one family of that name at Parma, and of which no individual has quitted his native city to wander in other countries. " Marshal Davonst, Prince of Eckmnbl, was presented yesterday to the king. It is understood that he will this day receive from his Majesty the baton of a Marshal of France. " The Count Maxime de Choiseul d'Aillccourt, Prefect of Orleans, author of a very good work on the spirit and influence of the Crusades, was on Friday elected a Member of the Academy of In scriptions and Belles Lettres, in the room of M. Choiseul-Gouffier, his node. "'They write from Brussels the 27th tilt. that the Infant of Spain, Don Francis Paul, on taking leave of the King of the Netherlands, received from his Majesty the Grand Cross of the Order of the Belgic Lion. The Prince set ant the 27th for Amsterdam. Acccording to the same letters, the Court of Brussels was about to be occupied im mediately with the trial of a person of distinction Who is contumacious. " FIVE PER CENTS.—Saturday, 68f. 45c. " MADRID, Auo. 19.—Measures are taking to obtain two-thirds of the general contribution un der the new plan of Finance, by the Ist of Sep tember next. " The Badly de Tatischeff enjoys here the high est consideration. Our relations with Russia ap pear still very close and very amicable. " INSPRUCK, AUG. 20.—The following is the most recent news from Italy : All the Austrian troops have now quitted the kingdom of Naples. The Coitnt de %Valmoden, General in Chief of the Austrian Corps d'Arm6e, has left:.-Naples for Rome, with all his Staff. The Neapolitan troops not being yet suf ficiently numerous, it is understood that the Court of the Two Sicilies has agreed with Eng land for 'the latter Power to give up to it two of the Albanian Regiments which are in the pay of Great Britain. It is also understood that the Court of the Two Sicilies will take into its ser vice two Swiss Regiments, if it can conclude a military capitulation with the Cantons. The Pope has sent Colonel Galassi to Bo logna, to form a corps of gendarmerie of the three Legations. They are to be named the corps of Carabineers. It seems scarcely possible to re establish public safety in the States of the Church. It is even nearly the same in the Austrian Pro vinces in Italy, where the Government has so much greater resources, and can employ a greater number - of troops against the brigands. The en virons even of Milan are not cleared of malefac tors, who frequently attack travellers and couriers. The Princess of Wales ha decided to pass a part of the Sun.mer and Autumn in a villa near Bologna. The price of grain has fallen in the half of Italy. In the States of the Church there is now abundance. The culture of potatoes is much augmented. The epidemical disorders have di minished.' " FIAbIEURGIT, AUG. 20.----The Icing and Queen of Denmark quitted Altorm co-day to continue their journey by Pinncberg. " iNiuNrcH, Auo. 23.----The last letters from Italy make no further mention of the conferences which were to have taken place at LUCC%-1. Car dinal Gonsalvo has been indisposed for some time, and cannot take the journey. " EVe lesrn the arrival of the Prussian Minister of State, M. Guillaume de Humboldt, at Carls bad. He will shortly return to Frankfort to finish the negociations respecting the territorial arrange ments. MArnutt, AUG. 9.—The Cemi•orship on the Mess is ie-e,tablished .on the same footing as it was in the month of November 1814, when it was confided to the direction of the Councillor of Castile, Don Joseph Colon. Don Francis LN.lario, Member of the same Counc:!, is now charged with it. This Magistrate is the Supreme Judge with regard to books in general. The Tribunal of the Ingoisition is only occupied with what has been already printed, and by virtue of express de• nonciation. " Old Castile is still overflowing with wheat. The produce of the iast harvest has sold at a very (ow price, or rather :las not been sold at all: The barns arc en - cumbered. The present harvest, however, is not ao favourable as had been hoped, the great heat having injured the quality of the grain." (From the. Boston Conwercial Advertiser Of Aug. 8) On Monday Commodores BAINBRIDGE, EVANS and PeLily, General SWIFT, and Colonel M'ItEA, visited this harbour in the Lynx schooner, for the " purpose of making observation►s, preparatory to a decision on the most suitable places for defences of a naval dock-yard and depot. The report that these Gentlemen arc directed to make an actual survey of the whole Eastern Coast, is inaccurate. Their duty, eve understand, merely r.quiring, that they examine the entrance of harbours—ascertain the depth of water occasionally, and as it respects, points for defence, to take coups &cell views. It is not enough for the spirit of Party that a :Leasure intended for the national advantage has not succeeded, as the Opposition Writers. are sure to make the failure a matter of triumph. The British Press, from which we expected a more li beral species of hostility to Government, has arraigned Ministers on account of the miscarriage of the Embassy to China. It says, that before Lord AMHERST was sent upon this Mission, it ought to have been ascertained whether the Bin• peror of CHINA would have been induced to forego the custom of prostration. No w,. as that custom was not required from Lord Pa ,V,',AIiTNEY, and as that Nobleman was held, in high re spect .by the people in China for having refused to submit to it, there was a precedent sufficient to justify Government in expecting that it would be waived on the last occasion. IVe might have hoped that The British Press would be indignant indeed it Lord Aar lERST bad lowered the dignity/ of the Country whose Monarch. be represented, had he submitted to a custom so humiliating and degrading. The British Pressasks, "what greater degradation is it to strike the ground with the. bead before a Sovereign than to kiss his toe."— The case is essentially different. ROMAN CA THOLICS may indeed kiss the toe of the Head of their Chinch with fervent devotion, but no such act is performed by Protestants, who merely stoop in courtesy, and are not required to do more. But shall the Majesty of the British Empire be degraded by a submission of the moat abject kind, that, once declined, was reasonably expected to be laid aside hi reference to this Country ?—We would rather advise The British Press to engage in the harmless religious controversies of The Morning Chronicle and The Courier, than to blame Government for not consenting to degrade itself in the eyes of all mankind. For our .part, though we must, of course, regret that the expe dition miscarried, not merely on account of the expense attending it, which seems to be the chief grievance with The BritiSh Press, we cannot but rejoice that it was entrusted to a Nobleman who felt so proper a sense of the dignity of his Countri and the honour of his Sovereign. The Morning Papers of this day have questioned the authority of a paragraph respecting a recent failure at the Stock Exchange, which we inserted yesterday ; and, to oblige a Correspondent, we have given a letter upon the subject. Upon in. quiry, however, this morning we tiLd, that thefacts we stated are quite correct, and that the amount alp bided to is N o. settled at the present moment..--k We mean no reflection upon the individual re• ferred to, whose character, we tmderstand, iS highly respectable, but we think it right to state thus much, in consequence W . the correctness of oar paragraph of yesterday having been impugnedi CORN EXCHANGE, SEPT. 3.---Owing to the fine state of the weather, our Market WdS exceedingly dull for all kinds of Grain ; a few sales made itt Fine Wheat was at Monday's prices, but there was so little business doing, we consider the prices in► general little. more than nominal. The following Circular MIS received in town yesterday from New Orleans : • " Spani.ch Com Neiv Or.'e,rhs, 'mitt 16, 1817. " ilis Catholic Majesty's Coosal has received official corn.. rOunications that the port of Vera Cruz is closed against all foreign vessels, even those formerly admitted with provisions front flies,: States." Extract of a Letter from Montserrat, dated July 20, received in totvn yesterday : " There k a report here that come of the Britisli Islands have heel) opened to American vessels. We learn by letter, that the Islands of and Neck are opeoed to the im— portation of American produce in British vessels." Yestettlay, about a quarter past four o'clock, the PRINCE REGENT and General ButnToN left Carlton !louse ftir Windsor, awl dined with her MAJESTY. 1 I '4l