The Sun. — London, England, 1857-10-07 00:00:00

MONEY MARKET A ND COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. CITY, Two o'CLocK. This was observed as a strict holiday in the City, all the private and public establishments being closed. BRITISH FUNDS.—CLOSING PRICES—YESTERDAY. (From the Official Lid:l Zusinees dere. . per Cent. °cragGls+ ..A.lmnities New 3i per Cent. Annuitles India Stock. 2lO Bank Stock for Account CoLsols for A. econet, Ex liegter 13111 e, :!,d £l000 ;MOO . Shall 2 7 d PRICES OF FOREIGN FIJNDS—YESTERDAY Brazilian 5 per Cent. Do., 1829 and 1839, 5 per Cent . Guatemala Bonds, 5 per cent 5O Mexican 3 per cent 2l 1 Peruvian Bonds, 44 per Cent — Ditto 3 per Cent . — Ditto Account Russian Bonds, 1A22, 1.! St., 5 per Cent lO9l Ditto, 4i per Cent. 9Bl 9 Sp oils] Bonds. 3 per Cent. Ditto New Deferred, 3 per Cen'. Ditto Account 2si i Turkish Bonds, 6 per cent 95 Ditto Account Dividends on the above payable in London. French Rentes, 44 per Cent. — Ditto 3 per Cent. CBf. 2ic. ex 25f. 25c. Dutch Exchange, 24 per Cen:, 12 Guilc;crs 65.} Do. 4 per Cent. Certificates ........ ..... 98 x d THREE a CLOCK. Consols, money Console for account, October 14 9O * DOES OFFICIAL RESPONSIBILITY EXINT ? " A Civilian" writes to a contemporary as follows: —Sir,--It has been announced that General Lloyd is under arrest, and is to be brought to court-mar tial for not having displayed proper activity and vigour at Dinapore. The Psalmist has told us "that the days of our age they a r e b u t th ree score years an d t en , an d `though men be so strong that they do come to four score years, yet is their strength then but labour and &orrow, so soon it passeth away and we are gone." And yet we are about to try a notoriously infirm septuagenarian for a lack of activity and vigour ! Sir, if we try General Lloyd we shall try the wrong man. Whose duty was it to see that such com mands as that of General Lloyd's were in compe tent hands—to report upon them if they were not —to act on such reports ? We take almost vexatious pains to ascertain that a recruit is sound wind and limb. We strip him naked, we pommel him all over, we make him go through all manner of probationary contortions, and we reject him at once if we espy the slightest &feet in his physique, considering him unfit in such a case to be intrusted with the responsibility of a private in the British army But when we have to appoint a General to a position in which the lives of thousands, his country's honour, the fate of an empire may depend on his soundness of mind and body wo take none of these precauti ons . If we see t h at h e i s an o b v i ous cripple and dotard, we appoint him all the same ; "it would be so hard upon the poor old man to pass him over." Yet if he fails when he is so appointed —as we know he must fail when put to the test—we inexorably try the poor old creature by court-martial ! That there have been septuagenarians and octo genarians who have done good service to the State in spite of their years is true ; but there have been very few of them. Palmerstons, Napiers, and Radetzkys are rare fowl ; it will not answer to reckon on a regular supply of them in the market. As a general rule, it is safest to assume that a man of 70 is unfit for any public duties, military or civil. _ Certain passages occur in the evidence given be fore the Purchase Commissioners by Sir James Simpson which are so apt to General Lloyd's case that I must submit a precis of them to the public. (See qq. 2,877 to 2,895). General Simpson informed the Commissioners that before the Russian war he was Inspector- General of a district in England, and in that capacity he occasionally came across certain old gentlemen in command of regiments who were perfectly unfit for their positions. He felt it his duty $o report them, officially, as superannuated, dull, and useless. No notice was taken of his reports ; and the dull, u-less old gentlemen thus reported on remained at the head of their regiments just as if they had been. able and efficient officers. TWO cases General Simpson specified, in which one of the incapaMe Lieutenant Colonels remained in command of his regiment till he died ; the other is in command of his regiment still, " much to the detriment of the public service," adds General Simpson. The reason why the Commander-in-Chief is thus regardless of the reports of Inspecting-Generals is, we are told, twofold. In the first place, it is con sidered at the Horse Guards very hard to deprive a ma❑ of his command merely because he is officially reported to be unfit for it ; and, in the second place, the officer so ejected might possibly take offence at his ejection, and " give trouble." These are the ipsissima verba of Sir James Simpson—an officer of great experience at the Horse Guards and elsewhere. General Lloyd appears . to come up to General Simpson's idea of an effete veteran whom it would be hard and might be disagreeahleto supersede. He is old and infirm, ho is probably not; very acute, and, to use General Simpson's words, " pretty use ess." The Governor-General and the Commander-in- Chief have doubtless been aware of these slight de fects in an officer intrusted with an important post, but they have, with a curious mixture of good na ture and selfishness, refrained from superseding him, partly because ho might not like being super seded, and partly because, if superseded, he might " take offence and give trouble." They are now, however, about to make up for their mistaken lenity by trying the poor old man by court-martial for the absence of qualities which they never supposed him to possess, and which his age and infirmities obviously precluded him from possessing. If a railway accident occurred in consequence of the want of energy aud vigour of the driver, a man of 70, long known to be ruptured and gouty, and if lives were lost, what would the verdict of the jury, be, supposing the directors defended them selves by alleging that it would have been hard upo❑ the poor old driver to supersede Lim, and that he would probably have been very importunate for a pension had he been superseded STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, OCT. 6. The market to-day is exceedingly firm in all de partments, but there is no great business doing in any descriptioe of goods or yarns. The rise in pric .s in Liverpool has caused an advance of about id. per lb. in yarns since Friday, and this has, no doubt, had the effect of limiting the amount of transactions ; but the opinion appears to prevail that rates must become still higher. Manufacturers are not now dispoied to make any concession from their latest quotations, or there would probably be a good deal of business done at the rates current last week. There are reports of three or four fail ures in the silk trade, for from 30,0001. to 40,0001. in each case, and the particulars will probably transpire to-morrow. Mesre. John Sla.gg and Co. report as ollows : " There has been a good demand during the week for the better qualities of 40 inch shirtin2s, and an advance of 11d. to 31. per piece on the prices of Tuesday last is n ow readily obtaked. F or near l y a ll et h er d escr i pt i ons We have a very quiet market, but as stocks are light and the price of cotton again tendin g upwar d s, t h ere i s no giving way in price. LEEDSa d ha nds ' OCT. G. A moderate' amount of cloth has change) in the cloth -h lls this morning, and th ere was - a nothing either as to price or the aspect of the mar lo-t deserving of notice. In general terms it may be stated that the market was about the same as last week, and as good as was expected. HUDDERSFIELD, OCT. 6. The market is generally quieter. There are many strangers in, but the operators are cautious and the transactions limited. The latter appear to be chiefly confined to low woollens, cottons finding a much less ready sale. Wool nearly staticnary— ?-f any change, a slight tendency to advance. ROBBERY OP CIIILDBEN IN KENSINGTON GARDENS. —Mr. G. S. Jenks, of South-wharf, Paddington-basin, writes ,to a conte-nporary :—" Tyco of my children, boys, aged respectivtly seven and five years, were sent to the gardens this morning. They had not been long there before a very respectable lady (as they describe) accosted them, and, by dint of prom sing them tor, ,persuaded them to let her tare off their boots, that she might get them new ones of the same sir?. She then placed them on a seat, and, carefully covering their feet ••with a pinafore, that they might not be observed by passers-by that they were without boots, quickly de camped. From the manner in which she committed the theft and her being so well dressed, there cannot be a doubt that she was an old hand at this business ; but still it does seem too bad that in such a place of resort, and in the ruidlle of the day, children cannot be trusted for a few hours." THE SUN, LONDON, WEDIk-iESDAY EV6,:NI NG, OCTOBER 7, 1657 SEARS MARKETS —(Yesterday.) RAILWAYS. Closing Price' RAILWAYS. Antbg. Nottutr. Bost. & Eastn. Junc.... Belfast & Ballyrnen , Birmng. Wolverh. fi Stour Valley Birkenhd. Lancsh. Cheshire Junct..' Blackburn Blyth & Tyne origins , £25 (iss. at £45) Bristol & Exeter Caledonian. 5 -5; 8 - 8. 65 - 61 7 - 8. 85 - 87 85 - 85 33 - 34 7 - 9 Citester & Holyhear'. Cork and Bandon. Cork, Black. & Pass. i - -8 !Cornwall D. 1 Do. B. ... DublindtßelfasiXanc Dun. P. &Aber. June. East Anglian ' 8i - 9 19i - 2041 56 - 57 45 - 47 30 - 32 Eastern Counties ,EasternUnion,A. stk IDo. ' do. B. IDo. New A ..... ,East Kent . East Lancashire 'East Suffolk ....... . Do. d inbnrgh dr Glasgow Edinb. and Peebles Edinb. Prth. &Duna& Forth and Clydaunc. IFurness ............. Glasgow dr S. Western Great N. of Scotland Great Northern Do., A. Stock .. , Do., B. Stock Gt. Sth.&West.(lre.) ,Great Western. 17 - 18 91 - 93 63 - 64 28 - 29 96 - 93 8 - 9 97 - 98 89 - 91 121 - 123 97 - 99 53i - 54 60 - 65 St. I 100 iDo. Str.V.R.. gna.St 12 I all ,Irish South-Eastern 5C I all Lancaster &Carlisle 164 , 14,4 Do., Thirds 16j 12 • Do. New Thirds St. 100 Lancash. &Yorkshire 16 j 6 Do., do. F £l6 3 j 1 Do., Wst. Riding lJn 20 all Do. Sontlipt,rt.. . 11} all London & Blackwall St. 100 Lond.Bright.&S.Ost. l St. 100 London &N. Weston' 20 all Do. Fifths 10 all D0.,10/.Sh.,M&B 0 12A 5 Do. Eighths 100 London & S.Weatero all Lndndrry.&Coleraine all Lndndrry. & Ennisk. 100 Manch. Sh ef. &Lin cln. 1 Metropolitan 1 Do. J. L. Ricardo's arrangement 100 Midland 100 Do. Birming. & Derby all Midland o.West.(lr.) all Do. i Shares all Newcastle & Carlisle Nowpt.Aberg.&llrfd Newry & Enniskillen Newry, Warrenpoint 73 - 76 7 - Si; 7i -8; 94 - - 2 5i - 51 LO2 - ]O3 954 -95 i I d i 89 90 40 -- iC, q 81 - 81 55 - 57 ill - ii all 9 all 4 Rt - strevor Norfolk_ Northn. Counties Un North British ......... North Devon, Rail. S. Dock Stock Do., A Stock ......... Do., B Stock N. Eastern Berwick Do. do. Extension Do do. G.N.E.Purch Do. Leeds Do. York North L0nd0n......, N. & S. Wstn. , Hamp stead, and City Jn. North Staffordshire North Western N. 4 S. Westrn. June Oxford Worcester 4 Wolverhampton Portsmouth Rhymney Scottish Central ...., !Scot. N E. Abrdn. St !Shropshire Union Sitit gbourno&Sheer South Devon ,South Eastern Do. 4 per:. Shares South Wales !S. Yorksh. Rivar GO 62 3a 47 4S 91 - 92 - 43 - 49 77 - 78 93 - 95 4i - 4i 7; - 8 10 - 101. 31i - 32 7 - 6 (i 1102 - 104 24 - 25 47 - 48 3- 2 . 32 - 34 65 - 66 83A -- F 4 13i -- 144 5i -- Old 9 -- 11 39 -- 41 S'tain.es,Wok.,&Wok.l Stockton & Darling Do. do., 1854 Do. do., 18 -1 5 Stockton & liartlepl ,TaT Vale :Do. Pref., No. 1 Thames Hay. D. &R Vale of Neath Watcrfd. & Kilkenny Waterford&Limerick West Coi nwall 1 1Vest End of London and Crystal Palace:. Do. A Do • B West London Do. First Class Do. Second Class Wmbledon &Croydon 20,} - 20 7 - 9 3 - 4 5i - BRITISH POSSESSIONS. Atlan. and St. Law. Bombay, Baroda, and' Cen.lnd,guar. 5 p. c. Do. id— is Buffalo dr Lake Hur. Buff Brnt. tit Gorf ch. 6 p. cbds. , 1 Aug. ,'72 Do. do., 1 July, '73 Do. do., 1 Juuc, '74 Calcutta and S. East. Central Oude (Lim.) Ceylon A sliares Do. B. do. all Demerara 5 i - Ca' 1 - Eastern Bengal East Indian - Do. C Shares.. I i 97 98 i id D 0.4 p.c.Bnds.,'s7 Do. do. do., '59, do. I Geelong &Melbourne, guar. 5 per cent...., _ _ . Trunk. of Canada! Do. 6 p. c. Deben Gt. In. Pen. g. 5 per c Do. New. guar. 5 p. c Gt. Westn. of Canada I Do. New 20i -- 43 -- 44 76 -- 73 19i -- 194 id -- P 20i -- 21 99 -- 101 P 1 1 105 -- 110 "105 —llO Do. Do. IDo. Bds., payable 's7' l do., '76, p.'60...! do., '73, do. do., '73, without) option all Madras, guar. 4, , j p. c all Do. do., 5 per c. 1 10 Do. 4i p. c. Exten ; 5 Do. 3d Ex., g. sp.c 5 Do. 4th Ex., do. _I ss. Oude (Limited) 5 Scinde, guar. 5 per c all Do 102 105 174 181 Xl9l 194 11 lid, d ad— id i - i P Business dons pester lay. FOREIGN. Antwrp & Rotterdam Ardennes.. Belgian East. Junet 1 Beziers to Graissessac! Carmeaux& Toulouse Coal Minos and Ry Dutch Rhenish Eastern of Franco Do. New ;Euphrates Valley 'Gt. Central of France ;Great Luxembourg ,ItaHan Junction ILake Const. & Bale 'Lierre and Turnhout Lombardo-Venetian Lucca & Lyons and Geneva Lyons & Mediterran Maria Antcnla Do. New Namur & Liege Do. do. 6 p. c. Pref Northern of France NorwegianTrnk. Pref Paris and Lyons Paris and Orleans Recife & San Fran., (Pernam.) g. 7 P. c. Rome and Frsszsti, Royal Danis Royal Swedish Sambre and Meuse Do. 5i per cent. pref. Southern of France !West Flanders IDo. per c. Prof W.&N.W. of France' 'Western of Austria West. of Switzerland Wiesbaden all all all all Do. 3 p. cent. prof. 'Zealand JOINT-STO 6h 6a •• •••••• ... 1 • ••-•• is 4 - 4i 3 i - 3i6 28i - 281 "''' ... 6f - 6 3i - 4 p - 27 -- 2.7} 7 -- 7i 18i -- 19} 36 -36 i 9 -- 10 34/ -- 35 55 -- 57 id' 14 - 16 7 - 74 25 - 5 - 5i 81 - 94 28 - 28. Z BANKS. 82 —8! 4 3id 48 50 65 - 67 ••• - 181 - igi 18 1 -18 i 46 - 43 36 - 37 18 - 18. .s• --. ... ••• 32 --- 3 41 6 - 1 ••• - ••• 13 -- lid Australasia ,Bank of Egypt Bank of London 111. C lah .&L 01. kn. Co merican City . • Au.. &eh ... Colonial ..... .: . . Commercial of Lond. Eng . Scot. &Ans. Cht. Lon. Ch. Bk .of Aust Ditto New London and County Lnd.&E.Bnkng.Corp London Joint Stock. ILond.andWestminst, National Pro. of Eng. iD o. National Bank New South Wales .... 'Oriental Bank Corp. Ottoman Bank ...... Provinc al of Ireland Do. New South Australia ' Union of Australia Do. New Union of London Unity Mutual Woltz - an of Loud LINES LEASED AT FIXED RE NTALS. RAILWAYS. Leasing Companies Closing Prices yesterday Buckghamsh. Cllydereale Jc. Col.Stour Vy. E. Lin. g. 6 p.c. E. Un. H. Sh. Glas. Barr. & Neils. Direct. Do. New Glstr.&Dn.Fr Hull & Selby Do. Shares Do. 1 Shares Lon. &Greenw Do. Preference Lon. Til., &S. I Do. Bark. Sh. Manch.Bxton. and Matlock I Mid Bradfd. Newmarket BuryE.G.spc. N.&Est.s p.c. Do. 6 per ct Do. Fixed sp. c Prest. & Wyre Do. Shrs. Roystn.& Hit. Shrews.& Her S. Staffordsh WearVal.g6pc Do , Wilts &Somrst Ln. &N. W. CaWon... E.U.dtE.O Gt.Northn E. Count. Caldonian. Gt.Westn. Y. & N.M 1 Do S. Eastern Do Peto &Co Do Lll. &N. W.l & Midld. Midland... E. Count Do Do ... Do L. &l's . W Do Gt.Northn T. Brassey , M. MCI ean Stk.dtDar Do Gt.Westn Do.. PREFERENI Blyth and Tyne 10 p. e.pref. (issd. at 501.) Bris. Ex. 4 p.c. St. Po. 4 per c. Shares Caledn. £lO , q p. c. Ches. & Ho. 5i p.c. Do. do. 5 per cent Cork Szßandonsip.c Dun.Perth.kAher.J Anglian Cls. A Sh Do. do. Cls. B Op. c Do. do. Cls. C 7 p. c Eas.Co.Ex,sp.cNo.l Do. No. 2 Do. New 6 pr. c. St East Un., G. 6 p. c. Do. 51., per cent. Do. 101. Debentr.Sh. Do. do. 4 per cent East Lane ash .6 p. cts E.&W. York. J. sths &lin. 6c cal. sp. c. Sh. Ed.Prth.&Dun.4p.c. Furness, 5 p. c Glas. di 5.W.G.5 p.c Great Northn. 5 p.c Do. 5 p. c. Redeem at 10 p. c. prem Do. 4i per cent IDo. 5 p.c., Red. at 5 p. c. prem. Gt.N. of Scot. Ist Pre Gt. S & W. (Ireland) Do. 4 per c. Prof. St.' Gt.W.(B.&H.Ex.spc Do. con. red. 4 p.c. Do. con. rod. 4 p. c. Do. bred. 4 per sent. Do 5 p. c. red. pref. Do. Birm. Pref. Sh Do. Chester Sp. c .P. S Do. do. 5 p. c. do Do. Birm. Gua. Stk Do. Chesh. Gua. Sh Do. do. do. Do. do. do Lan.& York. 6 pc. St. L0n.&13.G. 5 pc.No.l D0.,P., 5 p.c.St.No.2 Do. New Guar. 6p. c. Do. do. 5 p. c., No. 4, Lon. & N.W., Coy. & Nuneaton 5 p. Lon. & S.W. 7 perct. late 3d Shares ...1 Londy.& Color. Sh. Lundy. &Ennis. Sh, M., S., &L. 6 p. Cont. Do. do. do. £6 Do. do. 3i per cent. Marypt. Carl. 4 p.c. Do. 4i per cent Do. do. Nfld. Consol. 6p. c. St. Do. Con. Br. Bir. 6 p.c. Do. 4i p. c. Pref. St. Do. L. di H. Pref. St. New. , Aber. , &c., pr. 5 p. c. red. 5 p.c. pm. Do. Perpet. 6 pr. et. tsTorf k. Deb. 4 p. a. Sh. Do. 5 p. c. Ext. 1846 Do. 54 p.c. pf , 1847 Do. Wv.V.sp. North British Do. 71. Preference N. E. Berw. 4 p. c. Prf. Do. do. do Do. Leeds C pc. No. 11 'Do. do. Qrs., 184 S 1 Do. York EL &S. Pur North Staffordshire Ox., Wor. & Wolv. 6 p.c., let guar. Do. 6 p. c. 2d guar 'Scot. Cont. New Pref Sc.N.E.Aber.g.6p.c Do. do. 7 p.c. pf. St Do. d0.3l p.c. pf. St South Devon Do. fixed 4i pr cent. S. Eastern (Reading Ann.) of Os. 6d. Do. 4} per cent Do. Fixed 4i p.c. Sh S. Wales Gua. 4 p. c Do. do. 4i p. S.Yorksh.4 p.c.Guar Stock. &Dar., sp. c Do. do. do. Stock. do Hartl. g. 5. p.c. till July 1, '56 Watcrfd& Kilk. 6 pc. BRITISH Alfred Cons. (Ptak.) (British Iron Condurow (Cambrn.) Bev. Gt. Ousts. (Tay.) Great South Tolgus Grt. W. Alfrd. ( Philk.) Grt.W. Vor (Helstn.) Lady Bertha N. Frances (Illogan) N.W.Basset (Illogan) North Wheal Crofty Par. Cons. (St.Blasy) Porkellis U. (Wend.) Sort. Cons. MM. Co. S. Caradon (St. Cleer) S. Cara Brea (Illogn. S. W. Frances(lllogn. Tani. S. At L. Min. Co Tin Croft Un.Mines (Gwennap) V. of Towoy (Canaar.) W. Basset (Illogan)., W. Caradon (Liskrd.) Wh. Basset (Illogan), Wh. Buller (Rdruth). Wh, Edward(Calstek Wh. Kitty (U. Limit' Wh. Ma. Ann (Menht. Wh. Trelawney (Lis.' FOREIGN Nustralian Brazilianlmp.(issued at £5 pm) Do. Cocaes dz Cuiada Do. St. John Del Rey Clarendon Con. MM. Co. of Jamaica Co bre Copper Copiapo Fortuna General Linares Lusitanian Mariquita New Granada Noveau Monde Pont.Sil.LdM.& Smlt Port Philip Santiago do Cuba South Australian ' Do. Scrip Do. 10 p. c. Prof. United Mexican all all all all all all all all MISCEL . Australian Agricult.l Australia. Royal Mail Berlin Water Works Brit. American Land Canada Do.Go.6pc.Jan&July Do. 6 p. c.Feb.&Aug. D 0.6 p.c. Mar.&bept. Copper Min. of Eng. Do. Pref. 71 p. cent Crystal Palace I D o. Preference Crystal Pal, of France D uston Iron Ore Eastern Steam Electric Telegraph Electric Tel. of Irel En. &Aust.Cop.SmCo Eur. & Ind.Jctn. Tel. 'Gen. Ir. Sc. Col.(lim.) 'Gen. Steam Navigat. London Discount Lond. Gen. Omnibus! Magdalena St. Navig. Mediteran. Elec. Tel. Mexican & S.Americn Nat. Discount Co Do. New Netherlands Land , Do. Do. Do.B p.c.Pf.iss.at Icl ! Do. Do. - I New B. &N. S. Land N.S.W. Gov.s p. c. D. N. B. Australasian... Nrth.ofEuropoSteamr Oriental Gas ,Do New Shares jPeell-tr. Ld. & Minrl Peninsular & Oriental. Do. New Rhymney Iron Do. New Royal Mail Steam (Scot. Austral. Invest Do. New S. Aus, Gov. 6 p.e.bds South Austral. Land Submarine Tel. Scrip Do. Registered True. Ln. Co. Up. Can IVan Diemen a Land... 92 - 94 94 - 96 12 - 14 131 - 133 3i - 4i 106 - 107 12 124 22. 234 93 97 1 1 cs 24 24 90 91 par i P 54 1 128 - 130 7i - 81 9 - 94 ii - 32 84 - 86 !E SHARES. 89 - 91 oi = ge 5i 6, - 113 - 122 - 108 - 106 - 124 ,• - ••, giro - .., - 70 - 116 - 108 - 103 - 83 - 98 - - 16. - 9i - 14 - 139 - 114 - 157 - 6i';' - 131 - 96 - 87 - 11 - 102 - 93 -1, id - 23 - 113 - 104 - 10 22 100 100 - 16 - 27; - 50 MINES. 13 -- 14 6 -- 7 105 -- 115 460 -- 470 16/ -16 i 5 - 6 3 - 4 - 13 - 14 14 - 14 54 19§ 1 20 : .1 2i - 335 - 345 5 - 6 235 -- 245 1 -1/ 4i - 4 140 - 150 i -- i 24 -- 25 1171 -- 122 200 -- 210 295 -- 310 91 -- 9i 21 -- 22 46 -- 48 24 -- 26 MINES. 1/ - 21 12•-- i 45 47 10 12 i id 16 18 8 8i ld p 1 - 5 - 7 - ii 7_ ii - it= '47 lOUs. 21 - 22 1 35 -4i 40 5i - 'l2B X 1341 1091 - 30 - 35 25 27 11 - li 3 , 4 102 -- lOi 'll : ii 3 - 33-1 1 lai 3 1 2i 3 3 ld 16 18 95 - 97 i 1 - li P - iP 11 - '2 71 - 76 5 ..- 6p 21 -23 6 - 8 58 - 60 1 - 11 32 - 31 - 1 - 1 ••• ••• 9 11 RnsineBs Mkt LAY IRELAND. DUBLIN, TUESDAY. THE LATE FRAUDS IN BELFAST. The Belfast News Letter of yesterday has some further particulars in connection with the recently discovered frauds in the Customs :- 1 " Since the discovery of the extensive frauds every exertion has been made to arrest Mr. J. J. Moore, the person who is charged with being the perpetrator of this robbery. As soon as it was found he had left Belfast the police in Dublin and Liverpool were telegraphed to, and a description sent of his general appearance; and on Fri day evening Inspecto r Shi e ld s, o f t h e l oca police force of this town, left by the steamer for Liverpool, as it was considered Moore would make for that port, in order to sail thence for America at the earliest opportunity. A tittle before the Belfast steamer arrived in Liverpool the Asia left that port with the mails for New York, and Mr. Shields was informed by an officer of the Liverpool police, that a person answering the description given of Moore had, as they were informed, gone by a small boat on board of the Asia immediately before she sailed, and the police were unable to reach the vessel until she had got under weigh and steamed down the river. A tele graph to that effect was sent to Belfast, where immediate steps were taken to, if possible, have him arrested bef ere the Asia would get clear of the channel. A tele graphic despatch was sent to Cork, from C. Hunt, Esq., R. M., directing the constabulary there to engage a steamer and proceed outside there to watch the Asia, and endeavour to get on board of her and search for Moore, of whom a description was also sent them. Several gentlemen interested in the arrest of this de linquent proceeded, accompanied by Inspector M'llroy, of the Belfast police force, down the Lough in the steamer Wonder on Saturday afternoon, with the object in view of watching for the Asia, should she have sailed northward from Liverpool, and after going down some distance they exchanged to the Vesta, in which they hoisted the Admiralty flag, and proceeded in her to the North Channel, where she remained all night and re turned to our quays yesterday morning without having met with the Asia; and it is confidently stated .that the American mail steamer could not go by the northern route without having been met by the Vesta, so that it is hoped those who had been on the look-out at Cork may have seen the st amer as she passed that coaat,and have been able to search her for Moore, and if on board, to of course arrest him. The Asia must have been off the Cork coast at about 2 o'clock yesterday morning, and intelligence of the success or non-success of the efforts put forth is expected here this morning. It has bean found that ie leaving this town Moore went by car to Lisburn, and when dispensing with the services of the vehicle there, he directed the driver to meet him at the Ballymena Railway Terminus at 4 o'clock, and if he should not arrive by that train to drive out for him to Saintfield, all of which the driver states he did, but of course failed in meeting with Moore, who was at the time too much engaged in evading the telegraph and detec tives, a work which, as far as we have yet learnt, he has succeeded in performing, and we would suggest to the authorities and those interested in his arrest that it is more than probable he has not yet departed from Ire land, and no exertions should be left untried to have him secured. We are inclined to think that Moore has not sailed in the Asia, and we are led to this belief from several reasons which it might not at present be judic , ous to publish. We may mention, how ever, that Mr. Bristow, of this town, is a passenger ou board that steamer, and it is nut likely that Moore would go in the same vessel with a person who would at once know him. We merely state these matters as being worthy of the attention of the authorities, who we hope wilt not relinquish their efforts to have Moore taken, even should the Asia not be met with, or, if met, that he should not be found on board of her. During the course of Saturday a further examination of the stores was made, and we understand that several additional tea. chests were found fiihd with rubbish like those previ ously discovered. The entire frauds, it is estimated, will amount to about 10,0001., the one half of this; being the duty on the bonded goods, and the remainder the value of the property itself." THEBALLINASLOE GREAT OCTOBER FAIR. The following account of the first day's opera tions appearsin eaunders's Newsletter of this day : "I.3Allioast,e, Monday Evening, 5 o'clock. "The 4th October having fallen on Sunday the show of sheep took place to-day. As was expected, there was a decline in the numbers exhibited for sale compared with those of last year, but the fair must be considered, on the win is, a large one ; and though I make this statement as my own opinion, there are many gentlemen who are fully in the belief that there is no decrease in numbers. The Connaught flocknoasters entered the race park of Garbal y this moaning, fully confident that prices would rule higher than usual ; in fact, that they might demand and obtain what they pleased. For a length of time business was very dull. Sellers held out for long prices, and buyers refused t 3 make any conces sions. Transactions were rather dull up to 12 o'cloek, when the rdo commenced to fall in torrents. The pre . . . vious night had unfortunateFy been a wet one, but towards daylight, the morning having cleared, the sheep had considerably improved in their appear mace. No donbt the early hates were effected by this circumhttuee, but it Wa3 to no purpose after midday, for from that time we experienced a regular deluge. Not with•tanding this the prices obtained for sheep surprised every one. The anticipation of a decrease in the num bers of sheep arose from the statement of the Earl of Carlisle at the Waterford exhibitiou—l mean the an. nouneetnent founded on the returns of the Registrar- General, to the effect that there was a material diminu tion in the number of sheep throughout the entire king dom, and as a matter of course, the circumstance would have its effect at Ballinatdoe, the great national empo rium for the sale of live stuck. When business com menced, which was at 8 o'clock, there was a demand for all classes of sheep. Wethers brought very high prices, and the advance over 1.4.,,t year was from 3s, to 6s. per head. Young ewes were also purchased at a consider able advance, but towards evening there was rather a reaction, at least in the cas e o f o ld eves. " The total number of sheep sold to-day, as shown by ;be offiedal returns, was 51,172, or about 27,000 less lan on the show-day last year." THE PROCLAIMED DISTRICT. • At a meeting of the Privy Council held on Sa turday it was resolved to enlarge the limits of the proclaimed district so as to embrace several addi tional townlands on the Dow* side of Belfast, and an additional proclamation was agreed to accordingly. INQUEST ON SERJEANT SALMON, 3D BUFFS. --THE MILITIA. RIOT AT LIMERICK. Yesterday, at Limerick, an inquest was held on the body of Serjeant Salmon, 3d Buffs. Sir M. Barrington, Crown, solicitor, appeared on the part of the Attorney-General to conduct the case for the Crown. On Saturday Patrick Hayes, of the county Limerick Militia, was the only person in custody. Yesterday four other privates, viz., Wm. O'Brien, David Flaherty, Martin Tuohy, and John Sheahan were also charged. The exAmination of witnesse4 was then proceeded with. Anne Shearman sworn—l remember last Monday night. I was not at the circus; but on that night I was passing through Coloony-street about 11 o'clock, when I met the ssrjeant, who is since dead. He asked use if I knew where we could get a drink. I said I did not know, as all the shops were shut, but would try. He came on with me, and when we reached near the corner of King's-lane, where I live, we met three of the County Limerick Militia.' Two of them addressed the serjeaut, and said, " Are you a setjeaut of the Buffs?" He said, " I am, what demand haveyouon me?" They said, "Will you give us money for drink?" and he said he would not, they had no claim on hirer. I said they wore no men, for three of them to attack one; I said till,' because from their manner I thought they were going , to do so. I said, "Are you going to strike the man ?' They said,Yes, and you, it you deserve it." The sergeant and witness passed on the lane, and went into the house together. There were two civilians in the house when they went in. Their names were Barry and Hanlon. There were five other females is the house besides witness—namely, Mary Savage, Ellen Flaherty, Margaret Keefe, Catherine Goggin, and Anne Ranehan. In about five minutes after the sergeant and witness had been in the house the place i was attacked, and the windows broken in with stones. The stones came in about the house. There was a great noise. The sergeant and the two civilians who were in the house said it was too bad that they should be treated in such a way. They then oliened the door and rushed out. When the sergeant came back in a few minutes he had his hand up to the Nido of hie head. I looked at his head and saw the cut. In a short time Barry and Han lon also returned to the house, and soon after three of the militia men entered. Hayes and O'Brien are two of them. When they came the second time to the door there was a railway porter named Walsh with them. Catherine Goggin asked, "Who comes there— didn't ye do enough ?" and sine of them repleed they were gaugers, And beard she sold whisky. She then opened the door, and when the militia men and the railway porter entered, one of the militia chaps said, " Did you see a sergeant of the 3d Buffs here ? She replied that he was gone. Ha es was one of the militiamen. He had two bricks in his hands, and Paid, " It is well for him he is gone. or I would have his life." The sergeant had been secreted in a room at the time ahe said he was gone. Walsh, the railway man, said to Mrs. Goggin that se he brought the men in ho would take them out, and accord. ingly they left the place. The wound on the sergeant's head was washed, and ho was put to bed. He did not speak a word after he entered the house t hesecond time. Next morning went to th e sergeant major of the Buffs, and told him that a sergeant of his corps was in a bad state in King's-lane. Also identified Hayes in the militia barrack. To Mr. O'Shea —Whe n the sergeant was going out, after the attack ou the house was made, he had his belt in his band. To Colonel Dick son— There was no other woman with the sergeant when I first met him. I thi n k h e wa s per fectly sober. T a o occurred.M belt. e . t F . a g I didn't see H ayes strike the sergeant an _l was out i n the lane, but didn ' t see what Mr. O'Shea—Thu you swea r b e f ore the magistrate that with you saw Hayes strike the sergeant with his belt ? Witness—l did rot, sir. Mr. O'Shea —Then it was not you that wrote to the Dublin paper. The prisoner Hayes — Gentlemen, allo w me t o sa y that this girl did swear before the magistrate that I doubled up my belt and struck the sergeant, and she now swears she did not see me do so. Witness —It was Margaret Keefe that swore it, not me. Margt. Keefe was next examined, and swore she saw Hayes strike the sergeant with a belt in the street, andthat when he (Hayes) cause back the second time looking for the sergeant be had two bricks in his hand which she took from him. She also identified Wm. O'Brien and David Flaherty as of the party of militia men who were engaged in the attack. _ _ _ V 613. Barry and James Manton, Mary Savage, Ellen Flaherty, and Catherine Goggis were examined. Their evidence was merely corroborative of the testimony of the other females as to the attack upon the house in King's-lane by the militiamen, but nothing transpired to implicate the prisoners as regarded the assault which unfortunately caused the death of Sergeant Salmon. At five o'clock the inquest was again adjourned. BALLINASLOE, TUESDAY, 11 A.M. BALLINASLOE FAIR. The rain ceased about 10 o'clock last night, and a limited supply has caused a great increase in the prices of sheep on yesterday's rates. Wethers, 3s. and ewes, 2s. higher. There was a demand for at least 20,000 more than were in the fair, and every lot was sold off rapidly. Horses and cattle are coming in. Of the former some are very good, and, it is expected, will fetch high pricer. The weather is beautiful. HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK. (From the _Report of the Registrar-General.) In the week that ended on Saturday, Oct. 3, the number of deaths registered in London was 1,087. In the 10 years 1847-56 the average number of deaths in the weeks corresponding with last week was 1,136, which, if raised in proportion to increase of population, becomes 1,250. The deaths from diarrhoea last week were 79, being nearly the same as in the previous week, when they were 83. There were no deaths from cholera among adults ; but two cases of infants who died of choleraic diarrhoea are referred to this bead. A potman, aged 34 years, died in the Hackney Workhouse on Sept. 28, of " natural decay, accelerated by want." On the 3d of July the wife of a serjeant committed suicide with cyanide of potassium; on the 15th of July a woman committed suicide with the same substance; and on the 29th of August the son of a serjeant, aged six years, was poisoned by it, the bottle which Old it having been left within his reach. Cyanide of potassium is used by soldiers for cleaning their lace. Of six nonagenarians whose deaths are re turned, the oldest are two men, aged respectively 94 and 95 years, • and a woman who died in the workhouse, Newington, at the age (as stated) of 105 years. Last week the births of 916 boys and 849 girls, in all 1,765 children, were registered in London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1847- 56 the average number was 1,141. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29.868 in. The mean temperature was 58.4 deg., which is 4.6 deg. above the average. The mean daily tempera ture was more or less above the average throughout the week. The wind was generally in the south west. No rain fell except on Monday, when the amount was 0.17 in. Fourteen thousand two hundred and fifty-nine persons died in the quarter that ended Sept. 26. The number exceeds by nearly 200 that of the same period in 1836. But if diarrhoea had not pre vailed more in the past summer than it did in 1856, other conditions being unaffected, the pre sent returns would have indicated a superior de gree of health. In the last three summers the total deaths were (taking them in the order of time) 13,042, 14,066, 14,259; and the deaths from diarrhoea were 1258, 1610, 2343. The influence of a particular disease in raising the total mortality, which would otherwise be stationary or depressed, is palpable in these numbers ; and a like increase is traced in the deaths attributed to complaints of a kindred character, and to some sporadic diseases affecting the alimentary system. Dy - seute►y was fatal in the threesuminersto 4(3, 73, and 84 persons ; cholera to 106, 131, and 177 persons. To tabes . mesenterica 262, 284, 333 deaths are referred ; to disease of the liver 122, 143, 187 ; and under teeth lug, though th• number decreased in 1856 from 141 to 122, it rose this summer to 163. The unusual heat experienced in the first months of the quarter, co-operating with agencies that are more under control, has perhaps been mainly efficacious in pro clueing these results ; but with the knowledge that cholera has been lately infesting parts little re moved from our coast, it may be conjectured that the epidemic virus extended itself in a milder form beyond the immediate field of action, its advance in force being only a question of time and opportunity. The speculation may be futile, but the fdc•s must be admitted, and supply a more than sufficient motive for preparation. . . The teat of the last quarter is its Wriking meteor ological feature, and will be described by stating that the mean temperature was 63.6 deg., which is 3.5 deg. above the average, and that there was an excess of the mean temperature above its average in 12 weeks out of the 13, and ou 71 days out of the 91. The result is a reduction in the mortality of pulmonary diseases, particularly bronchitis and pneumonia ; and it will be seen also that cephalitis, apoplexy, and paralysis were less fatal than usual. MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM AI•L CAUSES REGISTERED IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCT. 3. Zymotic Diseases Diseases of Uncertain Seat . 243 Tubercular Diseases Diseases of the Brain, Nerves and Senses Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 5O Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of Respiration . 125 Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion Diseases of the Kidneys, &c. Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c. .. 6 Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles 3 Diseases of the Skin, &c. Malformations 1 Premature Birth and Debility 3O Atrophy Old Age sudden .. 14 Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 129 Causes not specified DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES Population Deaths in corre- Deaths Enumerated. sponding week In the 1851. of 1856. Week. West Districts North Districts 490,396 Central Districts 393,256 East Districts 485,522 South Districts 1,071 Totals Males Fomales BIRTHS IN THE WEEK. Males Females.. 1,087 588 490 Total SANITARY STATE OF TUE CITY. Yesterday, at the City Court of Sewers, Dr. Letheby, the medical officer of health, presented his weekly report, from which the following is an extract : THE NUISANCE ON THE WASTE GROUND OF NSW VICTORIA-STREET. "A letter has been received from the board of works of the Holborn district, containing an extract from a recent report of their medical officer of heelth. It is to the effect that last spring he directed the attention of the board to a very great nuisance caused by large accumulations of putrifying animal and vegetable re fuse upon the waste ground between Saffron-hill and Cow-cross. The City authorities, to whom the pro perty belongs, at once took active measures to abate the nuisance, and much good was thereby accom plished. He now complains of a large and offensive pool of stagnant water on a piece of ground between St. Peter's Church and the lower part of Vine-street. " This complaint has been submitted to me for inves tigation, and in reporting of it I think it hardly neces sary that I should occupy your time with anything more than a very general description of the barren waste upon which the offensive thing stands. "Years ago, a large tract of land, extending from Holborn to Clerkenwell, crowded with the worst dens of the metropolis, and haunted by poverty and crime, was cleared of its wretched habitations to make way for the new street that now traverses it from end to end. That a great public improvement was effected by this clear ance there can be no doubt, but it remains for the future to have it fully realised, for at present as the rubbish of old buildings was first heaped together, so it now stands, and where the pits were dug to reach the deep foundation, there they stilt remain ; in point Of fact, except for the rich contributions that have been fre quently made to the refuse of the place by the coster mongers, the oyster-dealers, and thecountless poor of the neighbourhood, the ground is in pretty much the same condition as when the last house in the old colony was levelled. The condition of the surface is very favourable for the collection of stagnant water and the formation of offensive pools, such as now the subject of complaint. There can be no doubt of their unwholesome influence and of the necessity for removing them. "Another source of annoyance, to the neighbourhood is the disgusting way in which the dry arches of the new street are used. Hundreds of these arches line the two sides of the road, and form the boundary of the barren waste to which I have been alluding. By day they are the resort of per , ons who ;e conduct is offen• sive to public decency, and by night they are tenanted by wretched outcasts who can procure no better shelter. I wish indeed they had no worse occupants for upon the City side of this locality we have long since found it necessary to fill the arches up. I therefore recom mend not only that the surface of the vacant ground should be made level and the ditches filled in, but also that the police who aro on duty there, and the keeper of the ground who is employed by the corporation should be instructed to prevent any improper use of the open arches. "And now that I am reporting of waste „;round, I am desirous of directing your attention to several pla ces within the City, where the inhabi tants aro accustomed to deposit their trade refuse, and thus to be a constant source of annoyance to the neighbourhood and expense to the commission. One of these is in Angel-alley, Bishopsgs,te-street. It is a large space of unclaimed ground, that bas be converted into a common laystall. At the present time n it contains some hundred tons of rubbish, besides many cartloads of oyster shells that have been recently deposited there. Another such a place is in Willis's-court, Brackley-street ; a third in Half-moon alley, Little Moorfields ; a fourth in Featherbed-hill, Moor-lane ; and a fifth in Sussex-place, Leadenhall street. If these places could be cleared and then paved over, or even if they could be boarded in, the nuisances would be abated and the commission would annually save a sum of money which they now pay to the sca vengers for carting the refuse away. " As to the water supply of Thompson -court that was referred to me for examination at the last meeting of the commission, I have to report that in the month of Nov., 1853, orders were given to the landlord to provide cis terns for the supply of the six houses in the court. He then erected three tanks over the closets of the alter nate houses. Theee tanks will hold about 450 gallons of water- But this quantity is not sufficient for the 119 inhabitants of the court, besides which the cisterns are so placed as to receive the offensive effluvium from the closets, and the water is thereby rendered unfit for do mestic use. My recommendation, therefore, is that as the cisterns are only sufficiently large to supply the closets of the six houses, an order be given for the con struction of another cistern, capable of holding 500 gal -1 lone, and that it be erected, with all needful appliances, in the court." 0;det:; - 1:ere issued accordingly by the commission. EPIDEMIC CHOLERA. -411.- The following precautionary advice to local boards of health, with reference to epidemic cholera, has been issued by the General Board of Health, Whitehall : " General Board of Health, Whitehall, Sept. 29. " Cholera has again become epidemic in several of the Baltic ports, and at Hamburg. On each of the three former occasions, when the disease has visited England, its first appearance in our eastern seaports followed closely on its epidemic outbreak in the last-named city. " During the past three months there bas been ob served in London, and in some other parts of England, a very unusual fatality front diarrhoea ; and this de rangement of the public health is such as, on the previous occasions referred to, preceded the commence went of the epidemic periods of cholera. " The General Board of Health deems it expedient to eall the attention of local boards of health to these facts, and most earnestly recommends that the powers vested in such boards for the protection of the public health be exorcised from the present time with especial vigilance. "As regards the exercise of those powers with parti cular reference to the prevention of cholera, the most important security for the public health is to he found in the fulfilment of two conditions :—First, that the air within and about dwelling-places be not contaminated with offensive organic effluvia, such as arise when the homes themselves are ill ventilated, overcrowded, and un clean, or when their refuse is not properly removed from. them by drainage or otherwise, or when any filty accumu lations exist in their neighbourhood, or when the local sewerage is defective. Secondly, that the public supply of water be, as !ar as possible, unpolluted by any kind of animal or vegetable impurity ; for where cholera is pre sent or impending no house cart be considered safe for habitation in which there is any offensive smell of animal refuse, or of other putAfactive animal or vege table nnettr ; and to water can be considered safe for drinking into which there flows (as is often the case with rivers and with wells in the neighbourhood of house.) any habitual discharge of town refuse or any ac cidental soakage or leakage from drains or cesspools. "An abstract is subjoined (see below) of those more important provisions of the Public Thalth Act, the Nuisance Removal Act, ani the Common Ledgirg• houses Acts, under which local boards of health are able to provide for the sanitary improvement of their respec tive districts is the various twitters referred to. " In proceeding to the exercise of these powers at the present juncture, it is desirable that early and special attention should be given to those parts of each district which have hithert,) been unhealthiest, particularly to those whore cholera has prevailed on previous occasions, or where dia,rrbce a has been most frequent ; also, that the lucal board should be kept well informed as to Viso amount of bowel complaint prevailing from time to time within their district, and that intelligence should be given to the General Board in case of any notable in crease in the prevalence of such disorder. "It is to be expected that the officer of health (where one has been appointed) will inquire with more than ordinary minuteness into the state of premi,em, and into the quality of the different sources of water-supply, within his district ; and that sanitary inspectors of nui sances wilt use the uttuost vigilance in every department of their duty—especially in reference to public scaveng ing, to the state of sewers, to the removal of house-re fuse, to the keeping of slaughter-houses and cattle sheds, and to the fulfilment of such orders for sanitary work as the local board may find it requicit• to issue. " Two case:—`urniehed by the experience of the last epidemic—peculiarly deserve the consideration of local boards, as illustrating what may reasonably be expected from sanitary improvement in averting the ravages of cholera. " 1. In September, 1853, the most devastating out break of cholera experienced yet in England occurred at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, which is near to Tynernouth, and connected with it by a railway. In Newcastle and Gateshead, within a few weeks, nearly 2,000 people died of fhe disease ; and the cost (direct and indirect) of this visitation was estimated at about 40,600/. over and above the large losses sustained from the temporary stoppage of trade. In the neighbouring borough of Tynemouth, during the same epidemic period, only 12 deaths from cholera occurred, of which four were indigenous cases ; and yet diarrhoea was generally pre •alent at Tynemouth, while cholera prevailed at New castle and the adjoining town of Gateshead. Many thousand persons from the latter towns fled to Tyne mouth, and many continued to pass daily between the two towns during the whole time of the visitation. This comparative immunity of Tynemouth is the more re markable from its contrast with the heavy mortality experienced during the out-break of 1848.9, for on that occasion the deaths in the parish from cholera and diarrhoea amounted to 463, and the contingent expenses for the maintenance of widows and orphans due to that four months' visitation appear to have amounted within the next four years to 7,5001. "The great difference between these results seems to liave been entirely due to sanitary improvements effected in Tynemouth during the interval between the two visi tations. Dr. Greenhow (who at that time was chair man of the local board, and took an active part in pro- Rioting its sanitary measures) has written the following account* of the course which was adopted :—' The Public Health Act was applied to the borough of Tyne mouth, on the petition of the town-council, in the snm• user of 1851. The provisions of the Act relative to the registration and regulation of common of common lodg iiighouses and slaughterhouses and the construction of new streets and houses were immediately put in force. Care was taken to prevent the erection of houses without proper conveniences, and provision made for ventilation. No ashpits were allowed to be made against the main walls of dwellin4-houses or without proper doors and covens. Wherever sewers existed drains from the houses were insisted on, and all persons laying out new streei,s were compelled to have back entrances to the houses, and to provide for the con struction of drains from the backs of the houses, instead of carrying them underneath the basement story, as was previously usual. In the autumn of 1852, when the re appearance of cholera in this country was considered probable, an active inspection of the t own was i ns t i t u t e d by the üblic Health Act Committee ; the bycourts and lanes were thoroughly cleansed; the gully grates trapped; the foul open ditch behind the North-street was cleansed and filled in ; and many other local nuisances throughout the borough were removed. On the report of the first death from Cholera in Newcastle, in 1853, the like measures were again resorted to. The courts, lanes, and common lodging-houses were inspected by the health committee, aided by other members of the town-council. Every common lodging-house iu the town was peremptorily ordered to be lime-washed and cleansed within 48 hours, an order which was obeyed. A large staff of carte and men were at once employed to cleanse ell the courts. lanes, and back passages in the town, which, after the rough dirt was removed, were eluioed with water thrown into them by a powerful fire engine afloat on the river. All the courts and smaller streets, after being thus perfectly cleansed, were lime washed. Depots of quicklime for the use of the poor were placed in convenient places throughout the borough, and to induce them to make free use of it the local autho rities personally visited the inhabitants of the localities in which cholera had formerly prevailed. Ruinous channels were repaired, and where the gullies were imperfectly trapped this was rectified, and chloride of lime, of which a ton was speedily consumed, was profusely used for the purpose of disinfecting them. In the course of 14 days the town was brought into as good a sanitary state as possible under existing circumstances, 1,500 cartloade of manure having been removed in that short period from the vicinity of human habitations. The entire expense incurred by these operations amounted to 2301., which was afterwards reduced to lees than 2001. by the sale of the manure." "Secondly the southern districts of London (compris ing nearly a fifth of the entire population of the metro polis) have presented a complete proof of the importance of a pure water supply in relation to the ravages of._ cho lera. For throughout those districts, during theeptde epide mic of 1853-4, there were distributed two different qua lities of water, so that one large populationw was drinking population an ex a tolerably good water, another largee cee p d u i I n a g t l i y on f s o u (beingw ater;w intermixedh while i t po ino other the r samerespects districts, th ese w and living e t under these nd sanitaryr i c penset i . ) 74 w u, were et circumstances. evenf A n n de r p dw i n h r e t e h n c , e i s a e a t l Y n t s h a i ems endtiri a e r e i t o s O f C t i o h a e l a epidemic rates of these populatiotri were compared it was foucd that the cholera mortality in the houses supplied by the bad water bad been 3i times as great as i n t h e h ouse su pplied by the better water. This proof of the fatal influence of foul water Wai rendered 011 stronger b% reference to what had occurred in the epidemic of 1848:9 —for on that occasion ono of these companies (which soon afterwards improved its supply) was giving even a werte water than its rival ; and the population supplied by it bad at that time suffered a proportionate choler., mortality. So that the cinsequeece of the improvement male by this water company in the interval between the two epidoncs was, that whereas in the epidemic of 1848-9 there had died 1,925 of their tenants, there died in the epidemic of 13534 only 611 ; while among the * Cholera. in Tynemouth in 1831:o2, 1848- :9 and 1853. By E. 11. Greenhow, M.D., Stc., read before the Epitiemio. logical Society of London, Feb. 5, 1855. all 8 45 all 100 St. 100 50 3 St. 100 St. 100 20 20 10 St. ,100 .100 all 100 all 20 , ail 25 all 25 15 St. 100 St. ,100 22 20 all 20 .all sii lall 20 ; all 10 I all 5 ' all 5 al l 20 all 10 all 20 all 10 all 20i 100 100 00 20 20 20 2s6d lOs 20i 20 100 100 100 100 all l 0 all all all all all 181' 50 all all all all 20 85 4 i 33 19/ 561 i 63i 4 3 89i 90 1211 54 3i 95 4i 5 102 A 961 - 51 4 6 40i i 40 811 57 48 7i 8 91 i 1 6 98 7 771 7 89} i 83a x d 201 i ad 97i 8 21 43i 2; 4 77 i 19; i 2O 9i 10i 10 271 Do. 110 117 105 103 122 • .• ."• all , 40 326 100 100 100 all all 10 all all 1231 21 12 i i i i 130 28 110 tenants of the rival company (whose supply between the two epidemics had become worse instead of better) the deaths, which in 1848-9 were 2,680, had in 1853-4 in. creased to 3,476.* And when these numbers are made proportionate to the populations or tenantries concerned in the two periods respectively, it is found that the cho lera death-rates per 10,000 tenants of the companies were about as follows :—For those who in 1848:9 drank the worse water, 125 ; for their neighbours, who in the same epidemic drank a water somewhat less impure, 118 ; for those who in 1853.4 drank the worst water which bad been supplied, 130 ; for those who in this epidemic drank comparatively clean water, 37. The quality of water which (as is illustrated in the first three of these num• bets) has produced such fatal results in the metropoli s _ causing two-thirds of the cholera deaths in those parts of London which have most stvnely suffered from the disease—has been river water polluted by town drain age ; but in other instances there is reason to believe • that some of the most destructive outbreaks of cholera which have occurred in particular groups of houses have depended on the use of well-water into which impurities had either been carelessly thrown, or had drained or leaked through the adjoining soil. "The General Board of Health would earnestly direct the attention of local boards to these cases. They (with many similar facts) support the conclusiont which, at the close of the last epidemic, was adopted by the Media cal Council of the General Board, to express the present state of scientific knowledge as to the causes of cholera : The doctrine of epidemic cholera which has gained almost universal acceptance does not affect to explain what may be that power—the exciting cause of the epi demic manifestation, which at intervals of time has forayed from place to place about our globe, sometimes vaguely spreading over a widened area, sometimes seem ing to move in more defined procession, and which now for the third time has shed its fatal influence on our land. But, with this mystery still unsolved, there has grown more and more into shape a doctrine which is both intelligible aid practical that the undiscovered power, in its wanderings, acts after the manner of a ferment ; that it therefore takes effect only amid congenial circumstances, and that the stuff out of which it brews poison must be Air or water abounding with or ganic impurity.' " It is possible that no human efforts may suffice to avert the course of that epidemic ferment which thus at certain intervals of time, comes, as it were to test the sufficiency of our sanitary defences. But public authori ties, armed with the existing powers of the law, can do almost everything to render the mysterious influence in nocuous by removing those local conditions through which alone it is enabled to destroy life in this climate. "Local boards may be well assured that if any precau.: tions adopted by them against cholera should hereafter seem to have been superfluous in relation to that epidemic —if the suggested possibility of a fourth visitation should happily not now be realised—the pains and cost which may have been given to sanitary improvement will in no degree have been wasted, since undoubtedly such -exer tions will have borne fruit in preventing other diseaseand in lessening both the misery and the expense, the waste of life and the waste of money, which are now the conse quence of defective sauitary arrangements. " W. Cowrza, President." " APPENDIX. `` POWERS OF LOCAL BOARDS OF HEALTH, WHICH OUGHT TO 13E STRINGENTLY EXERCISED AT THIS TIME, "1. UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT. "To provide that a.l streets within the district, in cluding the foot-pavements, are properly swept, cleansed, and watered, and the dust, ashes, rubbish, filth, dune*, and soil therein collected, and removed. (Sec. 55.) ' " Ter provide that all drains and water-closets, privies, cesspools, and ash-pits aro constructed and kept so as not to be a nuisance or injurious to health, and to give authority in writing to the surveyor to enter and examine any premises with reference to the state of the drain, water-closet, privy, cesspool, or ash-pit. (Sec. 54.) " To drain, cleanse, cover, or fill up, at the owner's or occupiers expense, all pools, ponds, open ditches, sewers, drains, and places used for the collection of any drainage, filh, water, matter, or thing of an offensive nature or likely to be prejudicial to health, with power to pay the whole ur part of these expenses out of the general or special district rates. (Sec. 53.) "To order the removal, within 24 hours, of any nui sance arising from swine, kept so as to be a nuisance to any person. (Sec. 59.) " To proceed against any person who suffers waste or stagnant water to remain in any part of a dwelling-house for 24 hours after notice, or who allows the contents of any water-closet, privy, or cesspool to overflow or soak therefrom. (Sec. 59.) " To take proceedings against the owners or occupiers of any houses which, on the certificate of the officer of health, shall appear to be in such a filthy or unwhole some condition tbat the health of any person is affected or endangered thereby ; and to direct the whitewashing, cleansing, or purifying thereof where this would tend to prove r,t or check infectious or contagious disease. (Sec.6o.) " To prevent the business of a blood-boiler, bone boiler, fellmonger, slaughterer of cattle, horses, or animals of any description, soap-boiler or tallow-welter, tripe boiler, or other noxious or offensive trade, business, or inanufec'eire being newly established in any building or place, without the consent of the local board, unless the General Board shall otherwise direct. (Sec. 64.) "To prevent the occupation of cellars as dwelling- Louses, unless certain conditions be attended to. (Sec. 67 ) "To provide a proper and sufficient supply of water for their district if the Waterworks Company established within such district are not able and willing to furnish such a supply upon terms certified to be reasonable by the General Board of Health. (Sec. 75.)- " To require that houses be supplied with water, if such supply can be furnished at a rate not exceeding 2d. per week. (Sec. 76.) " To cause all existing public cisterns, pumps, wells, &c., used for the gratuitous supply of water to the in habitants to be maintained and plentifully supplied with water ; or to substitute and maintain other works equally convenient ; or to construct any number of new cisterns, pumps, &c., for the gratuitous supply of any public baths or washhouses established otherwise than for private profit, or supported outof any poor or borough rates. (Sec. 78.) "To recover penalties from any person fouling any water under the management or control of the local board. (Sec. 80 ) " 2. tINDER THE NUISANCES REMOVAL ACT, 1855. " Tu appoint, or join with the other local authorities in appointing a sanitary inspector, a power of entering into premises being given for the following purposes : " 1. To ground proceedings. " 2. To examine the same where nuisances exist, to ascertain the coarse of drains, and to inspect works ordered by justices to be done. " 3. TO remove a nuisance in case of non-compliance with order, or to inspect articles of food, &c. " Where a nuisance exists a justice shall, on com plaint, require the person causing it, or, if he cannot be discovered, the owner or occupier of the premises where the nuisance is, to abate it, and in case of non com pliance snch person is liable to certain penalties. Where the person causing the nuisance and the owner or occu pier of the premises are unknown the order of the magis trate may be addressed to sad executed by the local authority. " Any nuisance removed may be sold after five days' notice, but where that delay would be prejudicial to health jutices may direct au immediate removal. " To provide that when any ditch, gutter, drain, or water-course is a nuisance, and cannot be rendered inno• cuous without a sewer or other structure along the same or instead of it, such sewer, eze., be laid down, and to keep it in repair; and assess parties using the ditch, gut ter, drain or water-course as a means of sewerage to the expense thereof, such payment to be either immediate, annual, or extending over a term of years. "To enforce the penalties where any person or com pany may foul water with gas washings—the penalty thereof being 2001., and (in addition) a daily penalty of 201. (imposed by the 25th sec.) "To provide that all meat, vegetables, flour, &c., ex- posed for sale, on their way to, or in the course of being prepared for sale, or landed from any vessel in any port in England, be duly examined by the sanitary inspector, and if in his opinion they are unfit for human food, to have them seized and taken before a justice, who shall make order thereon. "To see that complaint be made to justices of nuisances arising from noxious trades or manufactures, and of any house so overcrowded as to be injurious to health, the persona causing the same being on conviction, liable to penalties. 4 3. UNDER THE ACTS FOR THE WELL ORDERING OF COMMON LODGINGHODSES (14 AND 15 VICTORIA, CHAP. 28, AND 16 AND 17 VICTORIA, CHAP 41.) "To give all keepers of common lodginghouses notice of the Act, calling upon them to register their houses ; the ►ocal authorities are to keep this register, entering therein the particulars required by the Act. From time to time, and as circumstances may require, to make re gulations for fixing the number of lodgers who may be received in such registered houses, for promoting cleanli ness and ventilation therein, and with respect to the in spection thereof—such regulations to be confirmed by one of the Secretaries of State, and to enforce these re gulations by the imposition of penalties. To see, by their officers, who have free access to these houses at all times, that the provisions of the Act as r e gards cleanli ness, lime-washing, &c., are duly carried out. "To see that no house is used as a common lodging. house until the same has been inspected and approved as fit for the intended purpose, and registered, and to re fuse registration unless the person applying can produce a certificate of good character. Should fever, or any infectious or contagious die• ease, break out in a lodgingholise, to provide for the re moval of the patient to an infirmary or hospital, the au thorities thereof consenting. To take care that the clothes and bedding are disinfected or destroyed, and compensation to the owner for any loss or injury made out of the poor -rate. "On receiving a certificate of the existence of nuisances under the Nuisances Removal Act, to order (when no cessary),the causes of compl•sint certified to be removed. "To take care that no lo iginghouse is kept by any person disqualified by three convictions under the Act. * Subsequently to the epidemic of 1854 this company has had recourse to parer sources of supply. t Report of the'Committee for Scientific Inquiries i n re lation to the choleia epidemic of 1853-4. A, •io ago on SCENE AT AN EXECUTION.— A .orri....eBCeDB (says th e Hanover a few days Weser Gazette) took place at H the occa?ion of an execution; Not only did a large Crowd —many of them carrying bottles of brandy ---assemble and commit gross exces,e., but a number of individuals subject to epilepsy rushed to the Ecaffold a t th e momen t the criminal's head fel l to dri nk the blood, the popular Lielief being that it is a cure for ep il epsy , and the execu tioner readily gave it to them ! This frightful scene has caused an iminene sensation in Hanover, and petitions :o the Government, praying that executions may no longer be public, have been numerously signed. .4* . 0 " it , I:. . 511 i 261 20 12 25 20 L 0.6! 20 25 25 12 100 100 I all 100 all 100 25 50 25 12i' 121 20 100 4 50 50 50 25 12 all 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 all all 12/ 12 11113 '6/15 lh 1256 51 117 s, 10 25 15 20 101 1301 9 i i 47 i 21i I 2 74 5 154