The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-12-04 00:00:00

Etterature. POET R Y LINES ON THE REPEAL OF THE NAVIGATION THE DAUGHTER OF A MASTER IN THE ROYAL ,s of the.si sh sailor on the vv - av To guard the Revoke My a rights that prove a nation's towe .nthrall Thy long And ye ti den walls t that o'er your nation I rd your British tars with honc And let Britann out hir diadem gay why? li then I'd sc midst t :e some vain coquet blaliu, none like it besici Let Britain's so Then shall the f veil back. day Mr. A 10,000, to which amo the at ing a view issued from llexant t see the hail ou ARIETI —ln 1785 a great be gather [ally per- g one of the pauses in a a lady by whom Sam, will trust me with ploy it advantageously." a waited on the lady with n instar r Queb easter lay do 7 or the citizen had —Chronicles of the A ex tranrd in ary _ ed friend of G. Ryland. ;command- ihramagog, in an open meadow, where hen the deer to OF TH two vv rls the when, after an round wolf then made id fled • but as it astened upon the —ln 1600, the is Company had its from the simple pound in Din en much in use, in consequence of th to remedy in ted a charter to .o hundred and fifteen its, ur tion of " Th London, tradi .hat this co l eno mina- ,f Merchants of 'corn such a small company stand s not until ny assumed the Ice of blunder amusing the under t a third is [At the t lather mus Sir Charles lance is brother to the Anson, Keeper of the Privy Purse. [The of the first Viscount Anson, the other of the Dean of Chester.]—Spectator. to the C George late Ho 'ernor of C;eyl —Bentley's tili ty in ement, wl s of St. .1 rz-in-law of the in the navy, and es of the Board of Control. e secretary, Lord Minto, his relatiol (Lord ' of six years ! Sir George Grey Earl Grey Is cousin rington). The Hon. Anson, ( BOOK-MAKIN Histor Lddock tells us that, on one occa- k on his "Natural them to finish s k which lay upon his nd for which the press was urgent, he being de tained by other engagements at Windsor. They met by appointment at his chambers in the Temple. where they found every thing in disorder, and costly books lying scattered about on the tables and on the floor ; many of the books on Natural History which he had recently con . rected proof sheets. The ich he had suddenly broken you know any thing about ng. " Not an atom," re 'do you?" " Not I; I scarcely know om a swan ; V however, let us try what we can set to work and completed their friendly SOPHISMS OF FREE TRADE*, CHEAPNESS For the benefit of the masses it is not enough to snake things cheap, even in the best sense of the word. What is wanted is, to make them accessible, attainable by the multitude. By making things cheap, you do not neces sarily make them accessible. Nay, there are some modes of making things cheap which will make them less acces sible to the multitude than they were before. What the masses want, is, the means of purchase. If the means of purchase be wholly absent, it is.a matter of supreme indifference to them whether things be dear or cheap. The only means of purchase which they possess are the wages of their labour. In a word, employment is their means of purchase. You may have cheapness without full and various em ployment for the masses. That is cheapness, but without plenty. You may have f.'ll employment for the masses without cheapness ; that may be competency or even plenty without cheapness. The aim of all good legislation should be to unite the two blessings, cheapness and plenty. But if, as often happens, in the imperfection of human affairs, you have to choosvot only between two evils, but sometimes also between two good things, which are inconsistent with each other,—which of the two is to be chosen—cheapness for the benefit of a few, or plenty for the benefit of ALL ? Undoubtediy, plenty. Then the study of every govern ment, in order to produce plenty, permanent plenty, plenty widely diffused and extending to the masses, should be, the full. and various employment of the people. The test of every measure ought to be, and used to be this,—Will it promote the employment of the people ? Adam Smith has shewn that the production of articles at home which can be made or grown somewhat cheaper abroad, though it should not produce cheapness, does promote the employment of the people, does give them the means of purchase, does produce plenty—permanent plenty—plenty widely diffuses ' . —plenty extending every where to the masses of the population ; and that the oppo site policy, even under the most favourable circumstances, though it should and will create cheapness. will destroy the means of purchase, and introduce a real and spread ing want. Adam Smith himself declares and proves that foreign production, compared with domestic production, gives BUT ONE-HALF THE ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE NATIVE INDUSTRY OF THE COUNTRY''. . And this under favourable circumstances, and with per- fect recip, THE PUECH E OF FOREIGN COMMODITIES ENCOURAGES Take any article you please , patiently analyse the ulti mate distribution of its price, and you will find that the whole value is the creation of so much wealth in the na tion in which it is entirely produced, enabling that nation to spend and enjoy an equivalent to that whole value with out being the poorer for the consumption, and conferring on that nation the further advantage of a home market, as enter 'e and permanent as ti - reduction itself ,uppose it nation which had produced both the exchangedvalues at home, or, to use Adam Smith's ex pression, had replaced two domestic capitals, should alter its policy, and should thenceforth import one of those va lues from abroad, giving for it the other value as before, (which we will suppose the foreign nation ready to take) that alteration of policy would entail on the country adopting it, a loss of the entire value of the commodity formerly produced at home, and now produced abroad. Let us illustrate this by an example. Suppose stockings to the value of £500,000 a-year are made in Leicester, and exchanged annually for gloves to the amount of £500,000 a - - made in Dover. The landlords and tradesmen, and workmen of Leicester and Dover enjoy together an annual net income of a million. Suppose, now. — that for some reaj or supposed advantage in price or quality, the Leicester people, instead of ex changing their stockings for gloves from Dover, exchange them for gloves from the other side of the straits, say from Cal England loses the change what is the conseq half a million a year by Englishmen have half a million a-year this, that ' Frenchmen have half a million a-yea spend. English markets fall off to the e‘' and wor more to 3f half a - ar ; French markets are augmented by half a Suppose the Dover tradesmen along with their manu- England would lose half facture to Calais, still a million a-year, and Indeed this latter sup ance gain it in the clear , though setting the loss d cases, it light, would, of .t 1 probably be the most advan the trade migrated without t would be left behind. is to Englan( ev could turn th Alas ! this is or )eople, a nest of pauF hands to some new em of the things easier said nent.l To find er which is s the very thing e is Just cisuPremely difficult as to be of ten pronounced impossible. It is the problem remaining for the true political economist to resolve. Its solution will be an event not less brilliant, and far more important to mankind, than the discovery of the solar system. Nor does the mischief end here. On the Dover glove makers were dependent bakers, millers, grocers, butchers, tailors, shoemakers, with their servants and families. The altered policy is a blight withering the industry of all. Now under a system of perfectly free trade, if the Lei cester people can buy their gloves 1 per cent, or a minute fraction per cent cheaper from abroad, they will do so. By so doing the individuals may gain £lO,OOO a-year, but the nation at large will lose half a million a-year minus ten thousand pounds, that is, £490,000 a-year. All this may happen even under a system of perfect reciprocity of free exchange on both sides, without any disturbance of . What therefore we set out with venturing to submit, seems to be correct, viz., that if the premises contained in the axiom at the head of these observations be true, the consequence does not follow. The truth is this. The gross value of every product of industry is national net income. When one product is exchanged for another, if you have produced at both ends of the exchange you have created two national net incomes. If you now change your policy, and produce at one end only, you create but one national net income, and sacrifice the other. But if these things are done in the green tree, what shall be done in the dry ? If such may be the conse quences when there is reciprocity, what will be the conse quences of one-sided free trade; of exportation of the precious metals to pay balances§ ; of the consequent ap preciation of the currency, augmentation of the pressure of taxation, and the diminution of industry ? The public at present entertaln very inadequate conceptions of the devastating consequences. suited I open amc subject in hand, and asked Dr plied Craddoc a goose do." T task. LIFTING GREAT MASSES.—A correspcndent of Weekly Paper says :—" I have just finished reading Miss Martineau's Travels in Egypt and Palestine, and observed a remark of the authoress twice repeated, once in the first and once in the third volume, to the effect that the art of lifting such masses of stone as are found in the ruins in Egypt and at Baalbec is lost, and that the men of these days could not quarry, transport, and raise such immense weights. Now. as an engineer, I must positively deny this to be the case, and shall briefly endeavour to do away with the imputation on the present state of engi neering science. The size of the stone mentioned at Baalbec was, if I recollect right, 68 x 18 x 14 feet. which would give a weight of between 1,100 and 1,200 tons. Now the weight of one of the tubes of the Britannia Bridge at present erecting over the Menai Strait is 1,800 tons, or GOO tons more, and I can hardly imagine that the stones of Baalbec were in a worse position to set than the tubes at the Menai Strait." PUBLIC EXECUTIONS.—Sir F. B. Head has replied to Mr. Dickens. He says, " The merciful object of every punishment which the law inflicts is not so much to re venge the past crime as to prevent its recurrence. Now, Mrs. Manning's last moments clearly explain, or rather, indisputably prove, the benefit which society practically derives from a public execution. She had courage enough, as she sat smiling by his side, to plan the murder of her best friend ;' to dig his gravo ; to prepare vitriol and lime to burn his body; to blow his brains out; to bury him in her own kitchen. She had resolution enough, almost be fore he was cold, to go to his lodgings to obtain his pro perty. Her self-possession before the police authorities at Edinburgh was unexampled; her hardness of heart on 'her trial, as well as in prison, most extraordinary. And yet this bold, courageous woman, who, after the murder, and with her hands stained with blood, had said to her husband, ' I think no more of what I have done, than if I had shot the cat that is on the wall !' afterwards trium phantly adding, I have the nerve of a horse !' did not dare to face the indescribable terrors of a public execution ! So long as it shall be deemed advisable by us, by laws divine as well as as human, to deprive the murderer of his lif>, the whole process of his trial, ending in an act of such awful responsibility, ought to be performed in open day, in order that the community may at all events, clearly see what it is they are doing,—what it is they have done." SOUTHEY'S FIRST ATTEMPT TO APPEAR IN PRINT.— The Microcosm, which the Etonians had recently pub lished, excited a spirit of emulation at Westminster; and soon after I went there, some of the senior king's scholars, of whom Oliphant was at the head, commenced a weekly paper called the Trifler. As the master's authority in our age cf lax discipline could not prevent this, Smith contented himself, in his good-natured easy way, with signifying his disapprobation, by giving as a text for a theme, on the Monday after the first number appeared, these words scribimus indocti doctiquc. There were two or three felicitous papers in the Microcosm which made a reputation for the book ; indeed Eton has never produced men of more genius than those who contributed to it. The Trifler may in general have been on a par with it, that is to say, neither of them could contain anything better in serious composition than good school-boy's exercises : but it had no lucky hits of a lighter kind, and when forty numbers had been published, more to the con tentment of the writers than of anybody else, the volume was closed and was forgotten. The only disgraceful cir cumstance attending it, was that a caricature was put forth representing Justice as weighing the Microcosm against the Trifler, and the former with its authors, and the King as a make-weight on their side, was made to kick the beam. This was designed and etched by James Hook, then a junior King's scholar, and now the Very Rev. Dean of Worcester. Ido not suppose it was sold in the print shops, but the boys were expected to subscribe for it at a shilling each. My first attempt to appear in print was in the aforesaid Trifler. I composed an elegy upon my poor little sister's death which took place just at that time. The verses were written with all sincerity of feeling, for I was very deeply affected : but they were very bad I have no doubt ; indeed I recollect enough of them to know it. However, I sent them by the penny post, signing them with the letter B ; and in the next number this notice was taken of the communication : " B's Elegy must undergo some alteration, a liberty all our correspon ents must allow us to take." After this I looked for its appearance anxiously, but in vain ; for no farther mention was made of it, because no alteration could have rendered it fit for appearance, even among the compositions of elder school boys. Oliphant and his colleagues never knew from whence it came ; I was far too much below them to be suspected, and indeed, at that time, I was • kndwn out of my remove for nothing but my curly head. - -Affe (if Southey. calls, t, ke thes, AST INDIA COMPANY HIGHER WAGES WILL BUT INCREASE POPTLATION Mr. Malthus published the first edition of his work in 1798. Since that period, which has augmented most, po pulation, or the means of subsistence ? Which have done most,—the mouths that have come into the world, in di minishing food, or the brains and pairs of hands that have come with them, in augmenting the means of pro ducing it ? Protectionists tell us, that in the article of food alone, our means of producing, even within the narrow boun dary of the British islands, are yet unlimited. There are many millions of uncultivated acres, of fertility till lately unsuspected. The resources of drainage and improved cultivation are but beginning to be opened up. Agricul tural chemistry is in its infancy. The elements of ferti lity have but just begun to be scientifically understood. They point to your colonies in both hemispheres, where the precious grain of the Anglo-Saxon race is sown and germinating, There you have, not petty territories, like France or Spain, but vast continents preparing to receive your productions, to pour back in return their food and other natural riches ; and if need be, to receive more peo ple than you can send. They add that steam has, since the days of Malthus, laid your colonies, with their bound less fields, alongside your coasts. The free-traders, on their part, bid you look to the val ley of the Mississippi, able to supply all Europe with food. They tell you that you could, and ought, to draw your supplies from that and many other inexhaustible foreign sources. But both protectionists and free-traders agree in this, that, since the days of Malthus, however the population may have augmented, the means of producing and acquir ing food have been augmented, not only in an equal, but in an infinitely increased ratio. Now look at all other material things besides food. The difficulty is not to produce, but the difficulty seems now to be, not to over produce. Steam, and mechanical powers, with chemical agencies, have laid the riches of all nature at our feet in inexhaustible profusion. The means of subsistence have therefore not been wanting to population. There was, in 1798, no real dan ger of too great an increase of men and women. Provi dence had gifts in store, not suspected by those who dis trusted it 3 prescience and bounty!` But how often has population - been wanting to the means of subsistence! Where are the dense populations that anciently lined the banks of the Nile,. the Indus, and the Euphrates ? The fertile land remains in Asia Minor, Arabia, Syria, Egypt, Persia, and Northern India, but the huge cities and the myriads of human creatures with which, under their ancient monarchies, they once swarmed, are gone. In fact it has been truly observed by Paley and by M. Thiers, that there never yet has been a nation which even fully cultivated its own soil; and if we are to j u d ge o f t h e future by the past, there never will be. But the second position, that the rate of wa ges governs the rate of increase, and that the increase of a pop u l a ti on is therefore in proportion to its comfortable circumstances, is quite as irreconcileable with established facts. Comfort and a station in life, we find beget prudence. Poverty produces recklessness. The middle and upper classes do not breed like the lowest. Few populations multiply like the most wretched Irish. There is nothing therefore in a true theory of population to scare either governments or benevolent individuals from persevering endeavours to better the condition, and raise the remuneration of the lowest class. On the con trary, there is every thing to encourage such philanthro pical endeavours. It is the truest, soundest In the wynds of Glasgow and cellars of Liverpool, popu lation multiplies as fast as any where else. And what a * Sophisms of Free Trade and Popular Political Economy Examined. By a Barrister. Seeleys, Fleet-street and Hano ver-street. _ t It is not pretended that Adam Smith is everywhere consis tent with himself on this subject. He certainly is not. For this admission alone destroys the theory of free-trade. Mr. Horner himself, speaking of Smith, calls him a loose writer. Mr. M'Culloch has here fallen into a transparent sophism. He says in his " Principles of Political Economy," (p. 151) that tke displaced artificers would be employed in the production of the articles that must be sent as equivalents to the foreigner. But that is not so. It is the Leicester stocking-makers who are employed in producing the equivalents—but they were em ployed before. § Political causes have, at present, prevented this. English absentees and foreigners have, through foreign disturbances, been driven to this country by thousands, mut their property by millions. LAWS. y fame, population ! The moral degradation, deep as it is, is no deeper than the physical deterioration of the fathers and mothers of the next generation. . . . . nequiores mox daturos Progeniem vitiosiorem. We have thou"ht it worth while to improve the breed of oxen, sheep, Ad pigs. Our sleek and comely animals seem another race from the lean and long-legged crea tures of France. But there is reason to fear that the re verse operation as to human creatures is proceeding in the great cities of both countries. Compare the swarms of fragile women, of slight, delicate, and half-begotten men in London, Paris, Lyons, and Manchester, with the men and women now living in the country districts of Nor mandy, and frequenting the markets of Dieppe or Caen, and you will see what is going on. There is no reason to fear an increase of population. But there is great reason to fear an increase of a mo rally-depraved and physically-deteriorated population. INVITATION TO UNITED PRAYER The Rev. J. H. Stewart has just issued his annual address on this subject, from which we make the follow ing extracts : _ _ ".` How many urgent calls are there at this eventful season for earnest prayer for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. First of all, that God, of his infinite grace and mercy, may sanctify the judgment with which he has lately visited us, in the grievous disease which has suddenly carried off so many of our countrymen. It is true that by the com mand of Her Gracious Majesty—whom may the Lord long preserve in health and peace—prayer was offered in the churches for the removal of this malady ; and whilst writing this address, the public journals make known that a day of general thanksgiving has been ordered ; still, unless the active energy of the Holy Spirit is granted, there will be no real repentance for sin ; no breaking off from our many and grievous transgressions; no true thankfulness of heart, leading to a general desire to glorify God, to honour his Son, and to render a willing obedience to the Divine commandments. It is the Holy Spirit who must put the fear of the Lord into the heart, and make us sensible that Righteousness exalts a nation, but that sin is a reproach to any people.' Without his gracious aid a day of thanksgiving may be but a vain offering, like the morning dew, which passeth away and is no more seen. Let then this loud call for prayer sink deep into your hearts, my beloved friends ; and as you love your country, commence the New Year by earnest entreaty that by the aid of the Holy Spirit, when ' the judgments of the Lord are upon the earth, the inhabitants of the world may learn righteousness.' " A second pressing call for our uniting in this concert for prayer is the great importance of carrying into effect the proposals which have been lately made for the reve rential observance of the Sabbath of God. Whoever consults the history of the Lord's ancient people will see, that whilst the Lord promised special blessings to those who kept his Sabbaths, it was the profanation of this holy day which filled up the measure of the iniquities of Judah, and was one of the immediate causes of the destruction of the first temple, and of their captivity in Babylon. And if we read the lives of the most holy men who ever lived, it will be seen that in the degree in which they feared the Lord, in that degree was their reverence for his holy Sabbath. They did not enter into those doubtful dispu tations into which some in later times have gone, but ' they called the Sabbath a delight, the Holy of the Lord, and honourable ;' a day in which God, of his abundant mercy, relieved mankind of that curse which sin had brought upon them—the necessity of gaining their bread by the sweat of their brow—and admitted them to enjoy the privilege of the angels who stand around the throne ; the privilege of employing ONE DAY IN SEVEN in the special service of the Lord, in acquiring an increasing knowledge of his glorious attributes, and in praising and magnifying his holy name. What a blessing would it be if such a reverence for the Lord's Day was general ! But how can this, or even a less spiritual observance of the Sabbath be effected, but by the aid of the Holy Spirit giving that delight in God which will make the Sabbath, not as it is now used, alas, by some, as a day of worldly gain or ungodly pleasure, but the day of all the days the best—the day which may be termed a stepping-stone to that blessed abode where ' our Sabbaths will never end, and our assemblies never break up.' " Oh, then, my beloved friends, as you love the Sabbath of God yourselves, and as you desire that those who are now almost compelled to labour on that holy day may be set free from their burdens, unite in this concert for prayer for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the first day of the New Year, that by his Divine aid the Sabbath may be kept holy, and 'the Lord of the Sabbath' duly honoured. "A third reason which calls for this devout concert for prayer is the increasing activity of the powers of darkness. Of necessity it is difficult to distinguish the thoughts or actions which are the offspring of Satanic suggestions, from those which are the produce of ' the desperately wicked' human heart ; but those who have reflected upon the late horrid blasphemies put forth by infidel writers, the artful devices used to lessen the paramount authority of the Bible as the inspired Word of God, and the late woful increase of dreadful crimes and 'acts of depravity too distressing to specify ;—those, I say, who have re flected upon these things, and who consider that the last days are approaching, are led to believe that Satan and his evil spirits are now more than ever at work ; that earnest prayer, therefore, becomes needful, that when the enemy is coming in like a flood, the Spirit of the Lord may lift up a, standard against him,' especially that he will endue some among the Lord's servants with those powers of mind which may enable them to meet every sophistical argument against the plenary inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, and confirm his people in their faith; leading them to be followers of those who over came the Enemy, BY THE BLOOD OF THE LAMB AND BY THE WORD OF THEIR TESTIMONY." 'l'll LIVERPOOI STANDAR% ,ramnßwMl:M The Duke of Sutherland has presented to the Ragged Schools of Wolverhampton a piece of land consisting of 858 yards, for the purpose of a central school. On Friday morning the Mystery lugger, with a crew of five men, while attempting to speak a schooner bound for London, was run down by her, and all her crew perished. The Gazette contains official notice of the appointment of Messrs. Lewis, Wood, Byng, Miles, Sir H. Verney, and Sir J. Duke, as commissioners for inquiring into Smithfield market. WILD GEESE.—It may interest our ornithological and meteorological readers to hear that a flight of wild geese passed over Greenwich on Friday, testifying to the early setting in of the winter, and its probable severity. A very extensive and successful forgery of the £5 note of Messrs. Backhouse' Bank, Darlington, has been effected, and many of the tradesmen in the town have been taken in by them. On Tuesday Birmingham was visited by the densest fog remembered for many years. it commenced about twelve o'clock and terminated at six,—the town, in the interval, being wrapped in almost total darkness. At a recent meeting of the Westminster Medical Society, Dr. John Welster related the histories of three cases of insanity after the use of chloroform, during labour, which had come under his cognisance. Dr. Buckland mentions that the scarcity of water in London is likely to ruin the brewers. If it has this effect upon the brewers, it is horrible to think what will be the fate of the milkmen.—Punch. The Tablet, in its list of " Conversions," announces that, a few days ago, the Rev. I-I. Bittleston, assistant minister of Margaret-street Chapel, was received into the Roman Church by " Father Oakely." The Queen has conferred a liension of £lOO per annum from the Civil-list upon Mr. George Petrie, one of the honorary secretaries of the Royal Irish Academy, who is so well known for his extensive antiquarian researches. The Sunday Times states that Mr. George Hudson, M.P., at one period was the leader of a Methodist congre gation. A female member having bequeathed him a large sum of money he turned linen draper, and afterwards railway speculator. At a meeting in Landon of " Fraternal Democrats," on Wednesday, to sympathise with Ledru Rollin and Co., Mr. Bronterre O'Brien called the French a " rascally government." What ! a government resulting from uni versal suffrage " rascally ?" The voluntary choir of St. Philip's, Sheffield, have pre sented Mr. J. K. Hoberfield, the mayor of Bristol, with a case of razors, as a token of their gratitude for; his strenu ous efforts to maintain the choral service in the Cathedral Church of that city. The exhibition of manufactures and arts now open in George-street, Hanover-square London, is nothing better than a private speculation—an adroit attempt of a 'cute Frenchman to make a handsome profit on the sale of the goods he has collected together. TRAVELLING IN THE INTERIOR OF AFRlCA.—Govern ment has determined to afford effectual assistance to Mr. Richardson, the African traveller, in prosecuting his travels in the great desert of Sahara, Soudan, and the regions of Bornou and the Lake Tshad. The Times, in an article denying that it is the official organ of the Colonial office, nevertheless communicates the important official announcement that government has decided on establishing a penal colony for convicts in Western Australia. INCENDIARISAI IN DERBYSIIIRE.—During the last fortnight there have been some half-dozen incendiary fires in the neighbourhood of Putbury and Hatton. Haystacks, sheds, and other outbuildings have been set on fire, and in some cases considerable damage has been done. Mr. Macaulay's .History of England is now in its fifth edition; Layard's Nineveh is in its third; and within a few weeks of the issue of a second edition of Sir John Herschell's Astronomy, it was out of print, and a new issue, equivalent to a third edition, is now on sale. James Brabant, a wine cooper, aged 53, in the employ of the London Dock Company, was directed 'to fill fifty bottles with brandy on Wednesday last. He was found near the barrel in a state of insensibility, and conveyed to the hospital, where he died from the effects of having drunk a quantity of brandy over proof, Elizabeth Hillier has been committed by the coroner for Bath, for the wilful murder of her illegitimate off spring, which was found tied up in a bundle in her box, quite dead, and the lower jaw broken and pressed back about an inch, clearly indicating that great violence had been used to deprive the child of life. The United Service Gazette complains that the Royal Victoria and Albert yacht is about to have a new set of boilers, the third within five years, although only em ployed about a month in the year, and that she has now cost nearly £200,000, a sum sufficient to purchase half a dozen efficient vessels instead of one most inefficient. You cannot see a Welsh beggar in London. When an investigation into the mendicity of London was made some years ago not one Welshman was found ; although the number of beggars that infested the streets of that capital at that time was reported by the committee of the House of Commons to be 15,239. As Mr. Shrewsbury, a surgeon, of Bradford, was talk ing to a patient last week, he suddenly stopped, and the parties standing by thought he was collecting his thoughts. They soon found however that he was dead, having ex pired of an affection of the heart. On Saturday, on the arrival of the 4.39 down train at Ashford station, Sir Norton Knatchbull, in attempting to leave the carriage before the train had stopped, lost his balance, and was thrown with such force upon the plat form, that his collar-bone was dislocated and his arm broken. EXHIBITION IN HYDE-PARK IN 1851.—The prelimi nary arrangements for that great trial of the industrial strength of nations which stands for 1851 are, we are happy to announce, progressing successfully. The sum of £20,000 to be given away as prizes has been deposited in the hands of the trustees for the objects intended. Itusu PRODUCE.—For many years between 2000 and 3000 pigs were, on an average, imported from Ireland to Bristol weekly. For a long period, judging from the official lists. hardly a single pig has been brought to Bristol ! Free trade is annihilating the provision or staple trade of Ireland. At an inquest, held on Friday, on the body of the late Mr. Sergeant Law, Mr. Dens, a surgeon, stated his opinion that the deceased brought on spasm of the heart through .imprudently leaving his warm bed during a very severe night and drinking a tumbler of cold water. The jury returned a verdict accordingly. EXTRAORDINARY SIIICIDE.—On Friday, a respectable female, named Elizabeth Baker, aged 56 years, committed suicide at her apartments, No. 30, Hampton-street, London, by sitting down on the floor, opening a small wound in the front of her neck by a penknife, and delibe rately bleeding herself to death. A young man, named John Hayes, interfered with others to keep the peace on Sunday week at Manchester, between Bernard Sheridan, a bricklayer, and his wife, who were violently quarrelling. Hayes was subsequently met by the former in the street, when Sheridan ran at him, plunged a chisel into his breast, and killed him. He has been committed for trial for the murder. Mr. Rock, one of the churchwardens of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, writes to the Times that the City of London passed a resolution, on Tuesday, to discharge immediately all the casual poor at present in the union, except those actually sick, and in future to refuse relief to all casual applicants, however destitute, if not at the time aotually sick. An inhabitant of Penrith, allured by the prospect of a cheap bargain, purchased for 17s. 6d. a parcel purporting to contain 151 b. of tobacco, from a pretended smuggler, who visited that town last week. On further examina tion, however, the unlucky buyer discovered that the par cel was filled with sawdust, though about half an ounce of tobacco was spread within the paper at one place. IRREGULARITY IN A CHURCHYARD.—An unsuccessful attempt was made by the Vicar of Weston, near Spald ihg, last week, to prevent a " Forester" from reading an address at the grave-side of a departed member of the Order. The vicar called upon the churchwarden to aid him in stopping the ceremony, but the churchwarden siding with the Forester, the latter read on to the end. MINIATURE STEAM ENGINE.—Mr. Blanklev, of Brunswick-terrace, Gateshead, has under a glass shade a steam engine, the whole machinery of which, fly-wheel included, stands upon a twopenny piece ; yet so exact and ekilful is the workmanship, that when a, steam-pipe is applied, there being no boiler, the engine is immediately set in motion, and works with admirable precision. The system of free-trade in corn is beginning to pinch those whom it was never designed to affect. It is said that one of the finest and largest farms in the northern part of this county, belonging to a leading member of the present government, and which has been advertised to he let for some time past, has not met with any offers within £4OO a-year of its former rental. THE GAME LAWS.—An extraordinary society, called the Rural Supporting Club, has been formed in Wiltshire, at the instance, it is said, of John Collett, Esq., of Lake house, Cheltenham. The Times, which gives an account of some proceedings of this club, states that " labourers are not to be paid by it as much money whilst undergoing imprisonment for poaching as they would have obtained by the exercise of honest industry." A NOVEL SCHOOL.—A correspondent informs us that there was lately opened, near the White Milbank, in the parish of Llandebie, a school, superintended by a female, who herself is ignorant of the alphabet. At present, however, only one person has entered this academy. It is not poverty that makes her have recourse to this scho lastic scheme, as she lives as comfortable as any person of her station in the parish.— Carmarthen Journal. A curious accident occurred in the streets of Glasgow on Saturday week. Simultaneously three individuals perceived lying on the flags eleven £1 notes, and simul taneously they dashed at the prize. A girl got two, a wright one, a weaver eight, and away sped the weaver, leaving the other two to dispute with an envious city porter. Subsequently, however, all the notes were reco vered by the aid of the police. A SHROPSHIRE MAN !—There is now residing at Wel lington, a man named William Ball, a native of Horse hay, near Wellington, who is supposed to be the heaviest human being in the world, his weight is supposed to be about 35 stone, he measures 6 feet 5 inches round the body, 3 feet round the thigh, and 22 inches round the arm ! He has be en every bard-working man, and is very act ive, notwithstanding his immense size and weight. The Literary Gazette states that letters from Mr. Lay ard, the explorer of the ruins of Nineveh, mention the discovery of representations of the moving of the great winged bull, and it is hoped that these representations will explain the mechanical means employed by the Assy rians and Egyptians in raising and moving the immense masses of stone which form part of their buildings and monuments. In a case of the most frightful depravity which came on for trial at the Old Bailey, on Friday, the offender escaped through the impossibility of administering to the only witness for the prosecution the necessary oath. The charge was one of incest committed by a father, but the victim, a girl of twelve year§ old, proved ignorant of the very existence of the Divine Being, and a verdict of Not Guilty was recorded under the direction of the learned fudge. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. RACING CHALLENGE.—We do not know whether our readers are patriotic enough to feel duly interested in the Pacha of Egypt's challenge to the Jockey Club. If so, we are happy to inform them that the negociations are in a state of forwardness, and that the match will probably come off next spring. As yet, however, we have not got beyond the preliminaries. Business-like Mr. Greville will not stir a step without making sure of his ground. "Is his Highness to be depended upon ?" "In whose hands are the stakes to be deposited 1" " Should we be quite certain of fair play, if we had the best of it ?" The Pacha as promptly responds. " His money is ready," as the sporting phrase is, at any European consulate John Bull likes t) name. He offers, paths-like, the fabulously large stake of £50,000. But he will have no heats or re turn matches ; his horses shall run once—if they win, they win, and there is an end of it. Twelve miles over the deep stony sand of the Desert are calculated to put to a severe test the superiority of the English animal over the Arab, and it is thought that we must give up speed, and rely upon a thorough-bred steeple-chase horse, accus tomed to something heavier than the sound, springy turf of Epsom Downs. We trust that the gentlemen of the Jockey Club will remember that the honour of England, nay, perhaps her prestige in the East, are now in their hands. etneral ffitatilanp. A royal commission has been appointed to enquire into the live and dead meat markets of London. _ A statue in memory of Lord Nelson is about to be erected at Norwich, Norfolk being his native county. At present there is not a single prisoner in the - Ripon House of Correction. Last week, five sheep and two pigs were imported into London from New York. Lady Seaham gave an elegant ball to a distinguished circle of the aristocracy at Bryn-y-pys on Wednesday. The lucifer-match manufactory of Mr. Smith, at Charl ton, near Dover, has been destroyed by fire. Several orders for spears have been received in Sheffield from the Austrian government. • On Sunday night. the shop of Messrs. .M`lsrab, of Perth, was robbed of watches, &c., to the amount of £5OO. It is reported that in a garden in Hampshire, the tem perature of the soil has been raised fifteen degrees, by draining heavy land four-and-a-half feet deep. The Marquis of Dalhousie is expected to return home from India, on account of his health, before the hot weat her. Mr. Frank Foster has been appointed " principal en gineer" to the Metropolitan Court of Sewers, at a salary of £l3OO with £2OO travelling expenses.. At Banbury, the painful operation of firing has been performed on a horse when under chloroform, with perfect success. An incorrigible soldier of the 50th Foot was drummed out of the regiment with the usual ceremonies, at Dover, on Friday. Mr. Spark, of Daventry, has been appointed organist of the parish church of St. George, Leeds, vacant by the elevation of Dr. Wesley to Winchester Cathedral. _ Professor Dick recommends to farmer:; to wash all roots before giving them to cattle, stating that he has seen a hundred weight of earth taken out of a horse that had been killed by it. A sum of - X2OO, in twopenny subscriptions from the private constables of police, in London, has been realized for the widow of constable Walsh, who lost his life in the sewer at Pimlico. A young man named Gibbs, employed by a Spanish merchant in London, hung himself last week in conse quence of being suspected of a theft, and being watched by policemen. The Hull newspapers are calling out for a stipendiary magistrate to be appointed for that borough. A slight fracas between Ald. Thomson and the Mayor has revived the cry. A Sheffield paper relates that an old Irish woman, living at Barnsley, lately cut two leeches into pieces, and forced her daughter to swallow them, as a surgeon had ordered two leeches to be applied to the girl's stomach. The Board of Admiralty - has issued orders to all the dockyards, that iron vessels lying near ships that are cop pered are to be removed, in consequence of the galvanic action likely to arise. Correspondents of the Builder and Daily lketva advo cate the propriety of reviving the ancient custom of burn ing the dead, as the most reasonable and expedient mode of disposing of our mortal remains. Turnbull, the man in custody as being concerned in the murder of Thomas Dairdson, game-keeper to Sir James Graham, committed suicide in Carlisle Gaol on Wednes day last. The other parties concerned are still at large. A grocer living at Holmfirth, Yorkshire, was returning home on Wednesday night, when he fell head foremost into the cellar window hole of an inn, and was found quite dead on the following morning. upAn active business has been done in Spanish Bonds, on the information that the government at Madrid is likely to accomplish a saving of 44,000,000 per annum in the state expenditure. A man named William Richard Fragile, but better known as William Parry, keeping a drug and grocery shop in Suffolk-street, Birmingham, was committed on a verdict of manslaughter by a coroner's jury, for causing the death of a female whom he, a non-professional man, attended in labour, and sent for assistanconly when it was too late. As a person named Lowis, who lives at Low Plains, near Penrith, was crossing the river Eden by the stepping stones at Bongate Mill, and carrying his son, a boy seven years old, on his back, his foot slipped, and the little lad fell into the water, and was carried down the stream a con siderable distance before his father could rescue him, when life was extinct. The Tablet contains an ordinance of Dr. Wiseman, Roman Catholic " Vicar Apostolic of the London Dis trict." enjoining that, " in Votive Masses and Offices of the Conception of the B. V. M." the word Immaculate to be joined to the word Conceptio, and that in the public recitation of the Litany of Loretto the words Regina sine labe originali concepta be always added. PRICE of MEAT.—A Worcester butcher has just en tered into a contract to furnish meat—beef and mutton — to the county gaol of that town, for the ensuing quarter, at 34-d. per lb. for the first six weeks, and 3d. for the second six weeks. This contract tells tales ; for at the same time the butchers of Worcester are selling meat to their general customers at 6d. and 6d. per lb., as in this city. Joseph Ady was summoned to appear at the Mansion House, London, on Monday, in consequence of his refu sal to pay the sum of £ll Ils. due for the postage of his circulars, which had been refused and returned to the post-office. Before the case came on for hearing Ady paid the amount. It appears that he posted 1400 unpaid let ters on Friday, so that he will probably be again sum moned in a short time. THE MURDER IN MILLBANK PENITENTIARY.—Fran cis, the man who lately killed one of the warders in the Millbank Penitentiary, was tried at the Central Criminal Court, on Thursday, and was acquitted on the ground of insanity. It appeared that he was affected with an hered itary tendency to insanity, that he had gone mad when under a former sentence of transportation, and that he was maddened by excessive fear of transportation. INGENUITY AND PERSEVERANCE.---A young man named Griffith Giliffiths, of Chorlwyn, Merionethshire, twenty-two years of age, is now in progress of building a smack of eighty tons burthen. He is assisted by an only sister named Laura, who in a masculine manner handles gaily the large carpenter's saw. Two years of perseve rance have jointly together so far advanced the building that the deck beams are completed.—Carnarvon Herald. Mr. Lea, of Astley, formerly a large manufacturer in Kidderminster has issued an address to the working men, in which he calls their attention to the projected exhibi tion in 1851, as a means by which the trade of that borough, may be promoted ; and offers a prize of 100 guineas for the man or set of men who may invent a new article of any description, provided it is done in Kidder minster, and adapted for general use. Cunzeous.—Soine months back, a little girl, the daugh ter of a person named Carter, residing at Cambridge. fell down a flight of stone steps, on her way home. She has at intervals complained ofia pain in her leg, on the thigh of which a flesh wound was for some time visible. On Tuesday last, a piece of slate pencil, three inches in length, was extracted from the calf, the blunt end being next the skin. The little sufferer is now going on well. Lieutenant Gale's proposal to employ balloons in searching for Sir John Franklin, has drawn a letter from a Parisian gentleman, M. Dupuis Delcourt, who asserts that he was the first to propose the use of balloons in Arctic exploration, and who adds that he is about to appeal to the French government, and to the learned societies of all countries, for the means of executing a project he has formed for the circumnavigation of the globe by balloons. A FORTUNATE PURCHASE.—A few days since Mr. H. Siviter, bookseller, purchased a lot of books at the Auc tion-room, Fleet-street, London.. Amongst them was a large quarto volume, entitled " Venables on Diabetes." On getting them home, as was his custom, he commenced arranging them for sale, and on inspecting the above work found some of the leaves pasted together, and on separat ing them discovered a £5O and two £lO Bank of England notes. On Wednesday, two young men, named Scorah. and Lynch, were in a stable near Wakefield, when a friend came in with a double-barrelled gun, which, while the three were in conversation, went off, and the contents lodged in the breast of Lynch, who died instantly. The only way by which the accident could be acounted for was, that in trying to shut the door the hammer, which was down on the cap, might have naught the dress of the friend, and being drawn back exploded the cap. DUBBING, ONES-SELF A KNIGHT.—The other day a respectable farmer called at the post-office, not one hun dred miles from Dunfermline, with a money order, which the postmaster asked him to sign, " I see," said the far mer, " it maun be signed name and sirname ; but how can Ido that, I fear it will no do to write sirname"— "Oh! yes," said the postmaster, "write your sirname there, pointing to the place. He then signed the order Sir David —, and received his money.—Fifeshire Journal. OLD EXECUTION AT YORK.—On Tuesday, April 13th, A.D. ' 1649, - George F. Merrington and Maria Merrinu ton, his wife, were executed at the gallows of St. Leonard's, Green Dykes, without Walmgate Bar, for the wilful mur der of Wm. Rex, Esq., Dunnington, near York. This dreadful murder was committed in their house at Fulford, in the evening, just before dinner on the 9th day of March. Mr. Rex's body was found by a piece of cord that led to his grave in the kitchen, where they buried his body near the fire-place. POOR-LAW HtmANrry.—The St. Alban's Board of Guardians refused last week, by a majority of six to two, to pay to a nurse who attended two cholera patients for thirteen days and seven nights, sixpence per day and six pence per night, 10s. The poor woman was brought twice before the board, and her account was reduced to 7s. 6d. The physician testified that she was " efficient in the discharge of her duties, and very attentive to the patients." Such is the way in which the friends of the new poor-law " consider the poor." The Romanists at home must be in a poor way with respect to converts: The market is so bad that recourse has been had to an old stereotyped paragraph announcing the conversion of the daughters of Dr. Bathurst, once Bishop of Norwich,-ladies who are continually going over to Rome. An entirely new paragraph also announces the recent conversion of some score of individuals, two of whom, it is said, were barristers. No names are given, as we are sure they would be were they worth record ing or existing to record. - FURTHER - MEASURES FOR RELIEVING SIR JOHN FRANKLIN.—We are informed on good authority, that with the view of undertaking some further steps to ascer tain the fate of Sir John Franklin and his gallant com panions, a committee of officers experienced in Arctic navigation—namely, Captains Sir William E, Parry, Sir John Back, and F. W. Beechey, associated with the Admiralty hydrngrapher, Rear Admiral Sir Francis Beau fort, were last week summoned together to consider the most advisable means for carrying out the wishes of the government. MUNIFICENT BEQUEST.—On Monday Mr. Thomas Cooper, author of the " Purgatory of Suicides," an nounced that a bequest of £lO,OOO for the erection of a working man's hall, in the metropolis, had just been made by a Mr. Jenkins. The building is to be for the free use of working men of all denominations, under the control of twelve directors, who have been nominated ; and also that Mr. Hall, the celebrated geologist, had ex pressed his intention, on the completion of the building, to present his magnificent museum to it ; and further, that a gentleman, whose name did not transpire, would furnish a library of 1000 vols. A tablet to the memory of Sir John Barrow, has been erected in Ulverston Parish Church, with the following inscription :—" Sacred to the memory of Sir John Bar row, Bart., LLD., F.R.S., 40 years secretary of the Admiralty, who was born in a small cottage in the adjoin ing village of Dragley Beck, on the 19th June, 1164; and departed this life on the 23d of November, 1848. Full of years and honour. Soli Deo ploria." A tablet also in -ernembrance of Sir John has been placed in the humble cottage, at Dragley Beck, wherein he was born, recording his birth there,, and, in few and simple words, his:subse quent honourable career. At Clerkenwell Police-office, on Wednesday, Charles Corbey, a young man not yet of age, was charged with at tempting to murder Mary Noble, a young woman will whom he had lived. Thecouple had a quarrel, and Noble left the prisoner, saying that she would live with him no more; he went to her place of work, pretended to kiss her, but cut her throat with a razor. The young woman was examined ; when she was bound over to prosecute she ex claimed entreatingly,—" Oh ! I hope you will have mercy upon him : the Lord has been so merciful as to spare my life, and I hope his will be spared." Corbey is a man of weak aspect, and :during the examination he betrayed every sign of being a very silly person. On Saturday, two little boys, varying in age from twelve to fourteen years, were committed to prison for two months at Twickenham. for throwing stones at a train on the South Western and Windsor Railway, and thereby injuring William Dear, the fireman of the " Charon" en gine. The offence was proved by the evidence of several witnesses, and it appeared that the practice was one of frequent oocurrence. The prisoners made no denial of the charge. The magistrates observed that under the General Railway Act they had the power to commit the prisoners for trial, for the misdemeanour, which rendered them liable to two years' imprisonment with hard labour, and were it not for their youth they would have been committed. _ DREADFUL FIRE.—On Tuesday a fire broke out in Nottingham, in what is called Lees's-close. A hovel, a shed, a hay store-house, and a stable were entirely de stroyed, tind other places more or less injured. At the time the alarm was first given, about twenty pigs, several cows, two horses, and a pony were fastened within the buildings, but all were brought safely out, except the three latter, which were burnt to death. One of the horses was rescued twice, but such was its great alarm that it both times broke away, and ran into the midst of several tons of burning hay, and soon afterwards died in great agony. The horses and pony were worth something less than £5O, the property £2OO or £3OO. None of the owners of the property were insured. EXTRAORDINARY CASE OF SEDUCTION.—In the Court of Common Pleas, on Thursday last, before Lord Chief Justice Wilde, an extraordinary trial for Deduction took place. The plaintiff, a Mr. Collyer, is a post-master at Tottenham, and the action was brought for the seduction of his daughter (a girl of little more than fifteen years of age) by the defendant, a person named Mayne, a bread baker in Tottenham. The offence was committed upon the plaintiff's daughter in the parlour behind the defen dant's shop, on an occasion when she went to the defen dant's shop with some pickles ; and, according to the evidence of the girl herself, the defendant accomplished his object by force. The details of the case disclose the most abominable facts which were, perhaps, ever laid be fore a court of justice. The damages were laid at £1,000,1 and, after a lengthened hearing, the jury returned a ygr. diet for the plaintiff—Damages 4150, Dec 4, k of w l On the occasion of the marriage, last wee k second daughter of Baron Anselm von Frankfort, with Baron Willy von Rothschild , 0 1; to . i t? the sum of one million of florins (£83,000) is s alu k r agbil l beer)ittresented to the youthful pair byeßaron zrei, von Rothschild, read of the great Frankfort P..of The ceremony was perform ed under a strict observisrotej the older Jewish ritual, Baron Willy being a ° Hebrew. • THE LAUNCH OF AN EXTRAORDINARY P°' ', 7 ° , 6 ,10110 pontoon, or floating landing-stage, four hundred beet by fifty wide, and weighing six hundred tons, ha s p ole constructed in this town and is to be launched a t . c — e tbe early next month. The vast platform, which is t w _ l aidet length of a ship of the line, will be launched bra'_ ea' and the launch is looked to with great interest DY,g gineers, as no structure of equal dimensions has 05 1 ' la te launched in one piece. The pontoon is madat. al teri deti iron, except the deck, which is of wood. It is la ° site for the pier at New Holland, on the Humber , ° P O P , the Hull, and is for the landing of passengers, fr°, -chite steamers communicating with one of the Lne° lll- t icle , railways. The pontoon will rise and fall with the ore Two covered ways, called girders, also made at th e hea eo works, of plate iron, and on the s am e principle as t" f e et tubular bridges in Wales, one h un d re d and forty -0 1 ( 1 ) o. in length, will extend from th e p on t oo n to the r e ' an d station on the pier, so as to enable passengers to O luggage be conveyed under cover, at all times,co°f the o rie tide, from the railway carriage to the steamer. o '. of the inclination of the girders will vary with the belg_ol the tide, as one end will be attached to the stone P ie ' the other to the floating pontoon.—Leeds Mercury o f CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA.—In the 8 10 110 more exciting matter, a returned officer of the i n a t he army has originated a paper-war in the Times I n dia' subject of the results of Christi an Missions i n „ D O Under the anonymous signature of " Sepahee" be ra", t . e ßt asserted that our missionaries made no converts „e: s • t hig such as were plainly converts for profit's sake. o ll ee t; assertion he was backed out by another letter, a ‘ , ls , 6ce r. ing an anonymous signature as "An InfantrY u "" rate Both letters assert that the o ffi cers o f th e Indian arra'ead the best and most impartial witnesses as to this fae t i n dis both declared that after many years residences a they have found Christian Missions a tboroug,..„,,feS Their bold assertions have, however, elicited severs! ';',r e a l from parties also returned ' from India, who bear hig; fl aita honourable testimony to the success f missions ie and who (unlike the traducers of those missions ) 101 l of their names thespaut she blic is "a land of bibles ly to their letters. As and it is i : iso he si g roo , t we have been much gratified by reading such triaTP aids refutations of these anonymous,attacks. If it be t" e i t he of sound politics to secure " the grea t es t h a ppiness a u ' f 5. greatest possible number," as Benth am s a id, and as . lo g e totle said before him, a Christian politician can ne ver sight of missions. A PERILOUS POSITION AND PROVIDENTIAL ESCA,r-;s.. The following graphic anecdote of Sir James Ross leg pedition has been communic a ted by one of the 17"kr . engaged in it :—•' Those who have never visited th e of icebound shores of Greenland c a n f orm no concept ion a o our dangerous position on the evening of the 15 03 an d morning of the 16th July, 18 , 18. It WAS raining t hat blowing fresh. We were moored to an i ce berg, an d 00 berg drifting in a space of open water not larger than ne . Grand Harbour of Malta, surrou n ded by m ountainsLr s i e g cipices, and glaciers ; huge be rg s d r ifti ng and cia, e around us from all directions, pres en ti ng to the scene of terrific grandeur. No means of escape lef t " bre the only passage (that by which we entered this s ° , n3 t hot locality) being blocked up with he a vy ice. The herr we were fast to began to tu m ble t o pi eces . We bad ,beit no alternative left but the dangerous one of making and endeavouring to get hold of one aground. . I° oo , complish this we had to run the awful risk of coming l a It tact with some of the numerous floati ng masses tbrovge, which we had to thread our way in the ' wind's e pa Y t't Our vessel was sluggish a n d un cer t a i n i n h er move,cai; o o and had we missed stays,' our destruction woul d ifice been inevitable. Had we been comm an d e d by an, ° fi s te of ordinary experience, it is h ar d t o sa y w h a t would ',ea been the result ; but our saf e ty w a s en t ru sted to a ' c es firm of purpose and of strong nerve, who gave his ° r bad on this trying occasion as cool and distinct as if h e At been tacking ship' in the middle of the Atlantic' h ot t 5 a.m. we got hold of a berg aground, and lay fast;fa (1 in apparent safety, until the afte rnoon o f the fai;„f 0.4 day, when we let go, and stood i n t o o p en wa ter, a ll exceedingly glad that we had got out of our critica",re. "„- dicament " 7 0 1 i C° SWINDLING riq LONDON.—At the Westminster- 1 Court on Friday, a fashionably dressed man, ahe et i s ir, years of age, whose name was stated to be Alfred Sinf 4e . with four or five aliases, was c h arge d w ith sw indling -` O5 , ral tradesmen. The prisoner, it appeared, had taken P od session of two valuable houses, one in Cadogan Place, bio the other in Vauxhall Bridge Road, which were let t° on the favourable representation of an accomplic,; fro ta these houses he had goods to a lar g e amoun t brougu" old upholsterers and house agents; who f ou nd, when ~ir called to be paid, that the houses we re a b an doned bY occupants. Under the name of Barclay and Co. th e ; soner had also a large warehouse and counting ho,u s ; be Queen -street, Upper Thames-st ree t ; a t w hich lu ac i e se caused furniture and other g oods t o b e b rou ght, Prod edly for exportation to the Wet Indies. In three _no after, however, the whole firm, t oge th er w ith the ser', o l employed by them, had disappeared. Among the Per - J - 0 who appeared at the police court to prosecute, we r e[ n itinerant chair-seller, who had been accosted by the PT;fri; in the street, and desired to make six dozen "7rbil which he did, but without ever being paid for them- of court was crowded with m anu f ac t urers o f goo d s and 0'; „ persons who had been victimi se d by th e swindler, v °l ll said to be one of a formidable gang, who have for Y`*" - been plundering tradesmen.—He was remanded. THE MORAL AND SOCIAL. ASPECTS OF FREE TO o f —Every industrious class in the country is complaittedi the " cheapness'? which has in some instances dirolc,' - s o, in others totally destroyed, among the working r c'.s4 the means of pnrchasing their daily food. The - 31° ':Ierf Chronicle contains a fearful picture of the sin and n''' or er which this cheapn e ss cr y h as en t a il e d upon the IV ec t3 classes of our countrywomen. The un f or t u nate s u d io llf of the Morning Chronicle's d escr ipti ons are se" hies starved into sin. They lo a the th e con dition to ' c o o they are sunk, but political economy has taught us thtble must buy in the cheapest market, and the rais,, eo p: needle-woman must be content to h ave h er wages i c " fi eci ened below the price at which lif e can b e sustained' eke out her livelihood by such me an s a s the 3 10 & D oi Chronicle describes. Take the foll ow i ng e vidence "" one of the unhappy creatures : dei l " I am sorry to say there is too many persons like do: trade—hundreds of married and single doing the same a ,l-41 1 ' for the same reason. It's the ruin of us, body and so' ea teP owing to the low prices. Almost all that works for the Pr in g do the same thing. I know several thats very youngl i ‘ bard, the same manner. It 'most drives 'em mad. They; re ptiC" working industrious people, but they don't ge t sufficiec . to have enough, no, not even of the coarsest victuals." to fie'" Young as I am," says another, "my life is a curse The low prices have driven me to what I am." Another says : p1e 4 1,, e I am the daughter of a minister of the Gospel, and •ce r e d my word, solemnly and sacredly, that it was the low Pri og iti for my labour that drove me to prostitution. I often st4tl l ,, against it ; and many times have I taken my child 1 ..„,10` streets to beg rather than I would bring s'iume upon, W'o l .: and it any longer. I can and will solemnly state tha , ,2 ol e the smallness of the price I got for my labour that drov,eit; prostitution as a means of living. In my heart I hate b oA whole nature rebelled at it, and nobody but God knows struggled to give it up." f Hear this, political economists, and be proud ° r i c o effects of your teaching ! " Cheapness and low' P run through all the dismal narratives of misery an Cob' " We cannot consider the small capitals," said 3 1 ,1' 0 f the den in the House of Commons. No, nor the souti t ilif, poor; let them starve, rot, die, distribute their '''„gt between the streets and the gaol, but everything ra" t "hof " cheap," at whatever cost of sin and suffering sing sto' rt whom cheapness deprives of th e means o f purellt!'ifobe,r ficient food. We remember an apologist of S'r ( Aid , Peel, in a pamphlet entitled " Pitt and Peel pointed with triumph to the increased consunTl do imported needlework since Sir Robert reduced tj !, e beS on its importation. The Morning Chronicle furn,-„ eloquent commentary upon the pre= raised " Robert Peel's admirer 110P DR. ROCKLAND ON LONDON `YELLS.'-'On-'On -d - no evening Dr. Buckland delivered a le c ture in Lou 400' Artesian wells. He said—lt had been asserted th sb yt e n such ~o Wells in ts c tstmLi nhhhi i oao e egeuai n n rntrtrrtee t dcyoeweow W wpiloyosa a eleers t lr;l iedsaesfrrr:btifsotlnlorutwomwtahai from geff ayha h orsosn2ee t rnstd b aowowohr e vaetaotelnri o so, ofirei b lfinnac t lelp n i rietlso e neaeuno d ngnblem: l ue ae l Ax l riterepir t nliepte h atyaehtdln i lysosediAAarAMtanwrrorffittfehteewrttersoesereso : p an, 4 :0700::: ; 4 , if m it s n we three miles of St. Paul's. An Artesian well / 01 " no ttit: neighbourhood of the metropolis, namely, in th e !OO P . of the Horticultural Society, i n th e gardens of the,cion of London at Fulham, and in Brentford and its / t l hr oer .. l but the wells which were now made by boring f ie the London clay were merely common wells. „ in f", 4 heard it said that Artesian wells might be 1 1 1 5 % - f pwwaihrtihtc which would gwaorudidt London, oritshe eoN‘f , because aittesr oowb t nt h a ere was ecdortdo a ;s übpupt s i yh p e P I /0 ft i loc i s tint F o o of the 40 Rab b/ in Trafalgar-square, that it did not rise within d up o f the surface (a voice,-80 feet) ;it was Pur a P e opPlitb , means of a steam-engine, and the requisite roe water could be obtained at a much less cost Chelsea water-works. Indeed the same water;;; WP ped up over and over again. The large br e , to a actually on the point of bankruptcy with reger"„ te r 0 9 , 0 1 ply of water. The average depth at which y o be now be obtained from so-called Artesian wells T ; o a, bo was 60 feet below the Trinity-house water-th at ld 0 0 _:be believed that, in 20 or 25 years more, water w°,, s ,g, obtained at a less depth than 120 feet. This . obo biPrat had said, a subject of vast importance to the. l o f n, of the metropolis, who had not now a supPlY,,, e ir equal to one-fourth of what was required forir7by nary use. The rev. doctor proceeded to i o ntain ea ppil means a sufficient supply of water could be o 0 11, t , the metropolis. He considered that ari3 geigh might be obtained from the Thames in the to hood of Henley. The water might be convq,`o4leiwieli don by an open aqueduct of suffi c i en t depth, rd hove the Great Western Railway ; and, as it of sal. Wil; of three feet, it would flow without the ilia ser fore neering works, and might be brought to a r e ,_, S t 0 ,4', valley north of Paddington. It would there u, „ co l ei of 105 feet above high-water mark, and at ths4 floe thirds of the inhabitants of London Inight' s ureiolo an engine, be supplied with water at high Pr the 4o otif Tite hoped the government would take he ; k ing op p —Mr. R. Stephenson did not approve 0 1 c ote from the Thames ; and a gentleman pre ,s 1 be 0 0 0 from his own experience, that London W u ' to g by wells.—[The Henley Company unde rta r o o 250,000,000 gallons a day, that is 12 5 P i inhabitant.l De L 4 n ides, • Calm () 111 8ta nt. Ags, Ellneen ( Victo r ins 'sant. tf,',` ;; `ages Vi go tnion 0111 E 4ntwer arth Alean; WElrs; Atier u ' r " 1 • e gor eir—L Lon,; tar Steb LA MA] " k i "kStn. Ak AR R )4!seit:Eltell Nom 1 , ,) 1 trYad Rose f ,0 g a ged 0 , 4 . 0 t11, Tt, t ki T