The Sun. — London, England, 1847-03-29 00:00:00

WEST FLANDERS RAILWAYS. _ The third half-yearly general meeting of the pro prietors in this undertaking was held on Saturday, at one o'clock, at the London Tavern ,Bishopsgate-street, to transact the ordinary business of the company. W. P. Richards, Esq., occupied the chair. The SICRETARY read the advertisement and the re port, from which we extract the following paragraphs:— " In laying before the proprietors the statement of the proceedings, of the company during the last half year, and of its position and prospects for the future, the directors have to report that the portion of the line be tween Bruges and Thourout was completed on the 14th September last, and opened on the 6th October.. The line has since been opened a short distance further to Lichterrelde, making in all a length of fourteen miles now opened. " The directors, whilst using every exertion to open the first short section of the line, had reason to expect that a further length would very speedily have followed; in this, however, they were disappointed. The winter, which set in in Fldnders with unusual severity on the Bth December, and continued with no available inter mission until the first week of March, necessarily sus pended the works of the bridge over the Lys at Courtrai as well as the brickwork on all other parts of the line. Considerable progress, however, had been made pre viously, and the piers of the Lys bridge carried up above the water level. The unfinished works suffered no in jury from the severe weather, and the whule are now advancing rapidly towards completion. The frost also materially interfered with all the earthworks, so as to make it impossible to complete the line to Courtrai by Christmas, as had been expected at the date of the last balf-y early report. " rroceeding onwards from Lichtervelde, great pro gress has been made in the direction of Roulers, distant 5} miles. This section, it is expected, will be com pleted within a week. The population of Roukrs is about 11,000. " Between Roulers and the towns of Iseghem and In. gelmunster the works are nearly finished, and be tween the latter town and Courtrai they are in a forward state. The earthworks, with the exception of one cut ting in Lendelede, about 500 yards in length, and a maximum depth of 18 feet, are almost entirely on the surface, and the reports of the engineer and contractors lead the directors confidently to expect, that this further section, which will complete the communication between the State lines, will be ready for traffic by the end of June. The works on the Lys Bridge at Courtrai form the measure in time for the whole " With reference to the traffic to be obtained on these lines, and the consequent success of the undertaking, the opinion of the directors remains unaltered. The calculations on which the prospects of returns were in the first instance based, were made out in 1845 from data derived from the existing traffic aed other statistical details. These calculations received material corroboration from the work of M. Desart, published in March, 1846. Reference efts made to this work in the last report of the directors, and it was then shown, that, assuming the principles of M. Desert to be applcable to West Flanders, as he had shown them to be t 3 the dis tricts traversed by the State limes, the traffic case of the West Flanders lines would be made out to the lull extent of the anticipations. " Without, therfore, drawing hasty conclusions from the partial experience on the line opened, the directors consider themselve borne out in stating, that the indica Lions thus far lead to the conclusion that the ay. , rage re ceipts obtained on the State lines (in 1846 they were 1,6131. per mile) will be reali , ed on those of West -Flan ders. During the year 1845 the receipts on the Govern ment lines produced a profit of 4 1 2 per cent. on an outlay of 17,5001. per mile, and it appears tllat in 1846 the profit amounted to 41 per cent. on that cos;;—it is clear that the West Flanders lines wi:l not coat one half of the above sum per mile, aed, if so, it necessarily follows that on an equal receipt the divideed will be double that of the State lines. " The directors do not anticipate this result imme diately on the opening of the line—time will be required for the development of the goods traffic especially; but the directors entertain no doubt diet the amounts above indicated will at no distant period be realised." The balance-sheet, made up to Dec. 31, 1846, exhibits a balance re the banker's and in investments of 73,998/. 17s. 11d., the receipts having been 288,5941. 175., and the expenditure 204,5951. 19s. ld. The CHAIRMAN said, that although less progress had been made than was anticipated, yet enough had been shown to give some idea of ;he cost of construction and the expected traffic. They had not yet been enabled to ascertain what the cost of management would be, and on these three things did the success of a railway de pend. The opening of the line from Bruges to Thourout gave them excellent data .on which to Sound an idea of the cost of construction of the whole line. The distance was 111 miles, which involved a total cost of 67,477/., or an average amount of 5,7501. per mile. This was about the cost of the Belgian lines; and the activity already manifiested in that portion of the line which was opened was quite equal to the activity upon the State lines. He did not think they were too sanguine, the refure, in anti cipating a double profit to that which resulted from the Belgian railways. At Thourout they met with the first impediment; for, in the first place, a difference arose between themseires and the Minister of Public Works, which led to some correspondence, and of course delayed in some degree the progress of the works. Then they had to meet the increased demands of the landlords, who supposed that time was of that first importance to them, that they would submit to any thing in order to avoid delay. He was happy to say that this impediment was got over, and that they were now, if possible, in a better position than they were before. They had had also a very severe winter to con tend against. The Chairman then paid a well-merited compliment to Mr. Desart for his ingenious principle of testing the expected traffic between towns. The prin ciple on which that gentleman founded his calculations was, that the traffic between any two towns was in the direct ratio of their populations, and varied inversely as the distance between them. That gentleman had, by analysis of the entire returns, been able to establish a number to represent every distance from one mile and a quarter to above 150 mites. The Chairman concluded by calling on Mr. Cubitt to state the present position of the works, Ste.: Mr. CIIBITT recapitulated at great length the state ments adverted to in the report. Mr. DISNEY moved that the report be received. Mr. CAss seconded the motion. In answer to several questions, The CHAIRMAN stated the expense from Bruges to Courtrai would be under 6,0001. per mile. The stations were very modest things, and only adapted to single lines. When the next call should be made the company would have a surplus sum after finishing the line to Courtrai. A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman and directors, and the meeting separated. DORCHESTER AND SOUTHAMP TON RAILWAY. A special general meeting of the company was held on Saturday, at tho Terminus, Nine Elms, for the purposeof obtaining the sanction of the proprietors, according to the late Act, for the several Bills which the company now have before Parliament ; Lord de Mauley in the chair. The Bills comprised one for making an alteration of the Southampton and Dorchester Railway, including a Deviation and Branches to Lymington and Eling ; another for a Branch to Blandford ; a third for a Branch to Weymouth from Moreton, and a fourth to enable the South-Western Company to subscribe to wards the capital of the Southampton and Dorchester Company. The advertisement convening the meeting having been read, Mr. CAMPBELL, the Secretary of the London and Southampton Railway, read the preambles of the Bills, and stated the substance of the several clauses, the effect of which in all the Bills was nearly similar, giving the usual powers to lease the line, take tolls, and to make such other regulations as might render them conformable to the general Act and in unison with the Acts pre viously obtained by the two companies chiefly interested. All the Bills were unanimously approved. The Bills having been passed, The CHAIRMAW stated that he had been informed by the engineer that the whole of the line would be open to inspection on the Ist of May. Thanks were voted to the Chairman, and the meeting was dissolved. LICENSING MEETING. The adjourned general licensing m eetin g for the parish of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields division, was held on Saturday. The magistrates present were, Lord Mon ford (chairman), Mr. Graham, and Mr. Welsby. In the ease of an application made by Mr. Ireland for a license for a house situate in Northumberland-street, to be called the Northumberland Tavern, Mr. Ballantine appeared in favour of the application ; Mr. D. W. Wire appeared in opposition. Evidence was given of the due service of the notices required by the Act. The applicant in this csse, it appeared, carried on business as a retailer of beer and a purveyor of ham and beef sandwiches, and was also a clerk and collector at Mitchell's Scotch ale stores, Hungerford-market. The application was presented si g ned by nearly 100 persons. Petitions were presented praying the Court not to grant the license, from persons residing in Northumber land -street, from the agent of the Duko of Northumber land, from o th e r persons in the neighbourhood, and I .Ton l the body of licensed victuallers, on the ground that the wants of the district were amply supplied by public houses already. Also a petition signed by a number of persons who had previously signed a petition in favour of the appli cant , setting forth that their names had been obtained by misrepresentation, and praying the Court to refuse the license. Mr. D. W. WIRE — then proceeded to argue that there w as no public necessityf l o t i this additional corner of a narrow licensed house. Th e house was thoroug hfare, of situated at not more feet in width ; the than house was not more than 106 feet from house already aShovel a li ce nsed, known as the Northumb erland Arms, and at hythe and r , about the sam e distance from the Shi p h ous e which hail bee n well conducted pro prietor for the last twenty-fiveyears, and which afforded ample accommodation, by means of a commodiou s tap. room and parlour, for the wants of the customers visiting that house. lie felt quite satisfied that the Court would not, in a quiet and retired neighbourhood o f this sort, grant a licen se to a house thas not in the slightest degree called fur. It might be said by his L',arned Friend that there was a great traffic through this narrow thoroughfare, but he apprehended that that was not sufficient to induce the Court to grant a license to the applicant. From the ex perience which that Court had had in matters of this kind, he felt assured that they would refuse the license in the present case. It did not at all follow, that because the applicant had obtained a good trade as a rf.tailer of beer, and a purveyor of ham and beef sandwiches, that therefore it was a fit and proper house to be licensed as a tavern. He might be an industrious and enterprising person, but it might happen that by granting this license the Court would be only adding another to the list of those distressing cases which were so often brought before the Court as incapable, from want of ne cessary support, to meet the demands made upon them. He hoped, therefore, that the Court would in the present instance feel it their duty to refuse the license. Mr. ROCHE, the clerk to the magistrates, said that a letter had been received by Sir J. Marshall, the landlord of the house, praying the magistrates not to grant the license. Mr. BALLANTINE, upon this, handed in a letter from that gentleman, withdrawing his letter and recommend ing the applicant to the favourable consideration of the Court. The Learned Counsel then, on behalf of the applicant, contended that this house, if licensed, would afford accommodation of a nature very much needed, not only in that district itself, but throughout the whole of the metropolis—a house that would afford the greatest possible accommodation at the least possible cost to a respectable class of people, such as those who resided in the neighbourhood. With respect to the Ship and Shovel, it could not for a moment be contended that li censing this house could affect the interests of the pro prietor, who had conducted it for the last twenty•ilve years in a most respectable and creditable manner. That house was principally used by persons connected with Hun gerford-market. And with respect to the Northumber land Arms, that was a house principally used by barge men, coalheavers, and other persons connected with the wharfs along the river. This house. if licensed, would not, therefore, in the slightest degree affect the interests of that place. The room was then ordered to be cleared. Upon the re- admission of the parties we were informed that the magistrates had decided upon refusing the license. License refused accordingly. Several other applications were disposed of, and the Court adjourned. yet, in sections of the country free from stagnant water, low lands, swamps, &c., the climate agrees with Euro pean constitutions very well, especially after they have become accustomed to its frequent and sudden changes, in the higher latittnf es, say between 36, 41, and 42 de grees. In winter, the young and feeble require warm clothing. Flannels and woollens of all kinds are found SMITHFIELD MARKET. (From the Times ) With an earnest desire to discover whether any reason could be given for the continuance of the Smithfield nuisance, we have read with the most careful attention some observations which have been sent to us on the subject of the proposed removal of the great cattle market from its present locality. We must confess that had we wavered in the opinions we have already ex pressed, we should have been decided by the document now before us, for the arguments we have heard on one side are strengthened by the lamentable failure of the attempt that has been made to answer them. We will take the observations in favour of Smithfield-market paragraph by paragraph, from the first to the last; for an appeal has been made to our justice, and the appel lants must not complain if, after a due consideration of all they have to allege, our judgment is still against them. The observations set out with falsely and foolishly accusing the public of sanctioning " the specu lations of a private company." We are not aware of any private company being in existence which has suc ceeded in subjugating general opinion to its intereas, and causing an unfounded prejudice against Smithfield market. It is obvious that the outcry now raised against this abominable nuisance is founded on long experience of its danger and inconvenience. Few people care what company, or whether any company at all, may be benefited by a change ; but there is an almost unani mous feeling that the unwholesome and perilous practice of collecting cattle together in the very heart of the City is one which we ought no longer to tolerate. Our attention is next called to an alleged prejudice against the butchers, and an attempt is made to show us that the public good and that of the butchers are identified. This effort to throw a sort of pathetic interest over the butchers, and induce the public to fraternize with that useful class, is simply ridiculous. Nobody wishes to hurt the butchers, but we cannot consent to run the risk of our lives, to say nothing of our being continually disgusted, for their especial and gratuitous convenience. We do not see the force of the reasoning that " any peculiar privilege or immunity" conferred upon the butchers " must surely be for the interest" of the public. We cannot regard the butchers as channels through which any boon whatever is certain to diffuse itself over the whole community. It is all very well to talk about " giving the butcher the free and unrestricted use" of a certain market, but surely the public may be supposed to have an equal claim at least to " the free and un • restricted use" of the streets of the metropolis. After making the moat he can of the case for the butchers, the writer of the observations in favour of Smithfield proceeds to ask " what will be the feeling of the graziers" in the event of the removal of the market? 'We would not wilfully hurt the feelings of any class, but the sentimentality of the graziers must not stand in the way of a great public boon, more especially when their sensitiveness is found to be of the most maudlin and unreasonable character. It is hinted that they will be deeply affected by a falling off in the number of buyers in the event of the cattle being taken to any other market than Smithfield, or, at least, that it will not be purchased alive in such large quantities if public abat toirs, which are suggested in connexion with the aboli tion of Smithfield, should be resolved upon. It is gratifying to us to be enabled to relieve the apprehen sions of the graziers on this account, and we hope to spare those feelings for which, in the observations bet'ore us, so much tenderness is exhibited. We think we need not enter into very elaborate calculations to prove that whether the cattle is driven to one place or another, and whether they are slaughtered on th! butcher's premises or at a general establishment, and whether it is purchased by them dead or alive, it must be much the same to the graziers, so that the consumption of meat is the same by the public in general. Unless, therefore, the public should be afflicted by a loss of appetite for meat after the removal of Smithfield market, the demand is not lilt' ly to diminish, and the graziers and breeders will have to furnish the same supply that they do at present. If the dead stock were obtained from a source quite diffe rent to that ftons which the live stock is derived, the cattle vendors might fear that if the butchers bought the meat when slaughtered, the cattle would never be sold; but the objection taken at present, is as idle as if it were said that an increased sale of a manufactured article must injure the dealers in the raw material. In a sub- sequent paragraph of the observations which are now the subject of our remarks, we find it stated that " the number of persons actually annoyed or injured by the cattle is so comparatively small" as not to justify the change that is s u e gested. There is some reason in t h e use of the word " a ctually," which is, we presume, meant to draw the distinction between those who are merely alarmed, or, to use a common expression, " more frightened than hurt," and those who are positively tossed or gored by street perambulating cattle. We admit that some of the fears of passengets at meeting a drove of oxen, one or two of whom may be eccentrically disposed, are occasionally more imaginary than real, but that they are often well grounded has been proved by frequent accidents. Allowance must also be made for the very serious influence of fear, whether well grounded or not, and even the consoling assurance from a considerate drover of " Bless you, ma'am, they won't hurt you," would scarcely reconcile one of the least ner vous of the gentler sex to the ungainly gambols of an ox in a very crowded thoroughfare. The champion of Smithfield endeavours still further to weaken the argu ment for removal, on the score of personal danger, by alleging that "the reports of accidents aro many of them mere inventions," and otheis are " grossly exaggerated, to serve the purposes of interested speculators." We can asstfre the author of this remark that the day is passed when Use inventive faculty, or even the poetical power of exage ration, is cultivated by a contributor to the columns ;of a newspaper. Space has become too valuable to allow the admission of an infuriated ox, "except on business," into any portion of a public journal. No newspaper could afford them to allow the brute to continue his gambols down half a column for the sake of allowing scope to the inventive genius of the reporter, who is stigmatised, we suppose, as an " inte rested speculator" on our own and the public credulity. In defence of the gentlemen to whom we are indebted for this branch of our news, we may state with confi dente that it is seldom we catch an imaginary mad bull trespassing upon our columns. When our readers meet with an infuriated brute in such a place they may be tolerably sure that it is an animal direct from Smithfield market. The advocate for the continuance of the mar ket next proceeds to argue in favour of the salubrity of slaughterhouses, and uses the proverbial good health of butchers, their families and servants, as a support to his position. We suspect that eating the meat has more to do with the alleged healthfulness than a residence in close vicinity to a slaughterhouse. If such_ places are conducive to health their erection ought to be a part of the sanatory regulations of every neighbourhood. It will be something new for the Commissioners for the Health of Towns to hear that slaughterhouses should be provided in abundance fur the benefit of the inhabitants. It is not denied that abattoirs answer in Paris, but it is sagaciously discovered by the advocates for Smithfield, that because ahe Pari sians eat meat on a smaller scale than we do they require large establishments to slaughter it. There is something new in the idea that a small consumption of food requires an increased amount of convenience for its preparation. If the Parisians, who eat less meat than we do, require large abattoirs, we may presume it would be argued, that if they ate still less, their slaughtering establishments ought to be still further extended. Though our friend the admirer of Smithfield is evidently ignorant of a great deal, he has some knowledge which is quite new to us ; for he has told us that " the cattle, while living, transport themselves at little or no expense from the market to the place of their ultimate destination." This accommo dating willingness on the part of the cattle, to " trans port themselves at little or no expense," is in the highest degree considerate. " But if," says our Smithfield author, " instead of being at once driven there. they are first to be driven to some other place for the purpose of being slaughtered," the expense will be enormous. We should think so, indeed ; for we know of no cost at which the arrangement could be effected. To drive them to be slaughtered first, and then drive them somewhere else, would be a most extravagant undertaking. This instance will furnish a very fair criterion of the value of the reasoning to be found in the observations against the removal of Smithfield market. We have long been con vinced of the necessity for its abolition, and we need hardly say, that what has been placed before us as an argument ,in its behalf has confirmed us, if possible, more strongly than we ever were, in the opinion that Smithfield cattle-market is one of the most defencelss and offensive nuisance to be found—not in the metropolis alone, but in the whole of England. very useful. As most of the emigrants land in America during the hot months of summer, it is well for than to know that the climate is as much hotter in summer as it is colder than that of Great Bri tail , ' in winter. In the old country (England) a man can without much inconvenience wear the same kind of clothing the year round. Not so in the Unite,' States. Clothing, to be healthy and com fortable, must t , :e changed with the season. Very light cheap cotton or linen goods will be otten found most pleasant in summer, while heavy , woo11 , :us are ind,spen sible in winter. It should always be borne in mind, that feeble children and adults will be most healthy in wearing flannel next their skins the year round. Labouring people generally wear flannel jackets, even in summer, as they protect them from the sudden effects of cold when overheated. When emigrants a.rrive in America in summer, much caution is necessary. in order to preserve the health of themselves and tamilios. clodiin, if pos s ibl e , should be adapted %o the season. Young children, about the period of teething, are liable to be attacked with the diarrhcea. (looseness of the bowels), called in New York " the summer complaint," and which, if not guarded against, or attended to in time, becomes dangerous. Fruit of all kinds, especially peaches, apples, me l ons, &c.. are plenty and cheap in America, and being ve . ,y . palatable to emigrants after a lon g sea voyage, th, y are very apt to indulge themselves too freely, and suffor the consequences in nit attack of dysentery, or cholera morbus, which, however, if prop:Tly attended to in time, is easily - cured. All emigrants io tending to seek a home in the West boxes of or valley of the IVEississippi, should supply themselves with a small stock of simple medicines, Each as castor oil, rhubarb, Epsoanifeswaltsb,lucealpc amnadresiA, seidlitz powders, if its employ ment is understood, calomel, which, prnperly ad:ninis tered, in many cases proves a useful medicine, especially in bilious and other fevers. To these articles, if deemed necessary, boxes of simple salves, lint, paragoric, and laudanum, might be added. In all cases of serious indisposition, it will be best to call in the advice of a physician of good standing, avoiding pretenders and quack medicines. The whole art of preserving health may be summed up in a few words:- Ist. Strict habits of temperance in everythin, but especially in eating and drinking. As spirituous liquors are ve , -y cheap in America, many emigrants are tempted to drink to excess. The practice, if it should become habitual, never fails of undermining the constitution, and ending in the ruin of the person addicted to it. Over-eating fruit or other articles very often engenders RAILWAY COMMIT FEES (SATURDAY.) HOUSE OF COMMONS. GROUP I. The Select Committee appointed to consider the merits of the Bills comprised in this group re-assembled at the usual hour this morning; Lord Granville Somer set in the chair. - THE soirrff-EASTERN SCHEMES. Mr. MacGregor's cross-examination was resumed by Mr. Talbot, but his evidence in chief remained unshaken in the least degree. At the last meeting, he said, the company paid a dividend at the rate of 6i per cent. per annum, and he en tertained the hope that ere long the line would yield 10 per cent. Under his own management the traffic had consider ably increased, and the lines now before the Committee were absolutely necessary fur the accommodation of the public. ' Mr. MacGregor was also cross-examined by several Learned Gentlemen, who represented opposing landowners, but it was stated, that the company were quite ready to make fair and liberal arrangements with all parties whose property would be injured by the lines. On re-examination, Mr. MacGregor stated that he based his hope that the concern would eventually return lot. per cent. upon the expectation that the Committee would concede the lines und4r discussion. Mr. T. B. Fern, solicitor to the South-Eastern Com pany, proved that so far hack as 1834 the company pro jected lines similar to those before the Committer, but the opposition of the landholders led to their abandon ment, and eventually the company was forced to adopt their present circuitous route. The Committee adjourned at half-past four until Yon day, at twelve. ---.---. disease. 2d. Undue exposure to night air in a new country should, if convenient, be avoided, and proper attention paid to clothing. The diseases to which emigrants may be exposed in the valley of the upper Mississippi are few', and simple in their character and treatment. Further seuth they are more serious—billions remittent fevers occasionally prevailing during the siellfly months. Early in summea. slight cases of dysentery and bilious diseases sometimes occur, while in autumn, at reel:a of the ague, or " chills aad fevers," especially in low pisces or near swamp marshes, are occasionally rxperierced. For the forme - 7. a dose or two of blue pii!a, or calomel, worked elf with oil or salts, way be taken, fal lowed with doses of quinine between the intermissions. In cases of dyeenterv, blue pills, followed by infusion of rhubarb and calcined magnesia may be taken, which, with strict attention to diet—which should consist of rice soup, Indian meal gruel, or thin porridge, barley or oat meal porridge, &o. Till the disease gives way, all aei mal food, fruit, &c., should be avoided. The diarrhoea of young children, cften induced or aggravated by the use of unripe fruit, requires early and particular atten tion. The flannels of young children, on arriving in America, should not be changed. They should be guarded in their diet. Green fruit of all kinds should en no account be allowed them. Should the disease ap• pear serious, their food should consist of arrow-root, soft boiled rice, or rice water, with boiled milk, &c. Their drink should be plain water, with gum-arabic dissolved in it, or flax-seed tea, cold—or, of what is still better, cold water, in which " Bane Leaves" (a plant cultivated in America) have been steeped. The best purgative, or alterative medicine, is an infusion of rhubarb, a tea. spoonful of which may be given mixed with a small quantity (say half a tea-spoonful) of calcined masnesia (Henry's if convenient) to a child from eighteen months to two years old. Where the case becomes exhausting, tedious, or severe, it will be best to call in a physician of experience. In some instances, small doses of caltanel (say two or three grains to a child from eighteen months to three years old) may be given on a little dry sugar, followed by a few mouthfulls of water, which, if neces sary, may be carried off by small doses of the rhubarb mixture or infusion. The winter complaints are pretty much the same as those which occur in the old country, and require about the same treatment. Children after they pass the period of teething are generally healthy under proper care, and are little liable to disease, it we except attacks of beeping cough or measles. They *sometimes, as in the old country, experience attacks of scarlet fever. Occa sional ablutions with clean water, with general attention to cleanliness, will be found useful as a means of pre serving health. Buildings, however rudely constructed, should be so arranged as to be dry and airy in summer, and warm in winter, and at a distance from all collec tions of stagnant water. In settling a new place good pure drinking water should be obtained, if practicable, for family use. To understand the nature of the climate at the west, in the upper valley of the Mississippi, we shall give ex tracts from tables' of the weather kept at rhfferent places in that part of the country. As a set-off to the sudden changes of temperature, it may be remarked that the number of clear, bright, and unclouded days greatly exceed those of Great Britain, in a given year, which Often imparts buoyancy and cheerfulness to the feelings. Clear and pleasant weather also renders out-door labour more agreeable. Dr. Drake, of Cincinnati, celebrated for his accurate tables respecting the weather, noted down 4,263 obser vations, from which it appears, that of 365 days in the year, about 176 were fair, 105 cloudy, and 84 variable. Dr. Beck made similar observations respecting the weather at St. Louis, and found that a single year gave him 245 clear days and cloudy, including 110 variable days. In a period of six years the mean number of clear days per annum was 172 83, cloudy ditto 164.33, variable ditto 82.16. The greatest number of clear days occurred in May, June, July, August, and September, and of cloudy days during the winter and other months of the year. The prevailing witrds in the valley of-Abe Mississippi, especially in the summer, are from the south-west or west, and the climate is said to bo somewhat milder than on the same parellels of latitude in the Atlantic States. t he Notwithstanding steady clear In the country at the West, sa y in M ichigan , W is consin, upper part of lowa , &c., or that s e ction of the country lying north of 41 deg. N. latit ude , the thermo tuhteeteirnotefntesi intensity n fal o l s f in thweinter cold, belowowin owing sr t o o . bracing weather with which it is accompanied, persons do not feel the effects of it more sensibly than they do that of weather much less cold in England. By meteorological observations made in Bloomington, on the Mississippi, in lowa, for 1839. it seems the mean temperature was 54 deg.; the maximum, 95 deg.;, minimum, 5 deg.; clear days, I II; cloudy, 77; variable, 80; rainy, 79; snowy, 18. Warmest day, July 24th 84.74. Coldest, 29th of December, 4.40. Warmest in winter, January 10th, 56. Coldest in summer, August 30th, 50. By meteorological tables kept at Marietta, Ohio, on the Ohio River, it seems the mean temperature was about 53.54 ; the maximum 92 deg., and minimum 3 deg. The quantity of rain for the year 1839 was 33 inches. The range of barometer was from 28.80 to 30 inches. In various parts of the west, the clear days in the year amount to from 170 to 210. As we proceed south, the mean temperature increases, the range often reach ing, at Natchez, in Mississippi, 80 to 89 deg. The clear days bear about the same proportion. The temperature peculiar to certain latitudes in the United States bear about the same comparison with latitudes 10 or 12 degrees further north. Thus New York, which is in latitude 40 deg. 42 min. 2 sec., is as cold in winter as the climate of London, in 51 deg. INFORMATION TO PERSONS EMI GRATING TO AMERICA. (From the American Sun.) The climate of the United States differ in many re spects from that of Great Britain or the Continent. It is colder in winter and warmer in summer. Owing, however, to the immense size of the country, extending from the Rio Grande, on the southern border of Texas, in 26 degrees of north latitude to the British possessions in Canada, and to the 49th degree of north latitude, and in width from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans, the character of the climate is greatly diversified. It is also much influenced by mountain elevations, as well as by the sea air near the coasts, &c. Every 253 feet in elevation in a given latitude is said to be equal to a degree of diminished temperature. As the elevation increases, however, it is thought the change becomes less. Notwithstanding the diversity of soil, the difference between the degrees of heat and cold experienced in the extreme northern and southern latitudes is not so great as might at first be supposed. For instance, the thermometer rises about as high at Quebec or New York, in 41 deg. to 42 deg., as it does in Mobile or New Orleans, in 30 deg., but the duration of heat is a great deal less at the former than at the latter points. On the other hand, ice is sometime.; formed, and the ground partially frozen, at New Orleans,but the duration of cold is brief, seldom continuing longer than two or three days at a time; while at the north, the du ration of cold lasts for two or three months, closing the rivers and c.inals with ice, and suspending navigation. The rivers of the west are seldom obstructed with ice below 36 or 38 degrees of north latitude. The features of the climate against which the emi grant should provide, are first, its sudden changes. Thus in winter as well as in spring and autumn, the thermo meter will fall and rise 10, 20, 30, or 40 degrees in 24 hours. These sudden changes, if practicable, should be guarded against, by adapting the clothing to the state of the temperature. When it suddenly changes to cold, warmer clothing should be put on. When the change is from cold to hot weather, thinner clothing may be worn. This disposition of the climate to suddenness of change at the season of the year mentioned, is pecu liar to the whole country, if we except that portion bor dering on the Pacific Ocean, not yet fairly open to Eu ropean emigration. Although the changes are sudden, the thermometer often rising or falling more degrees in a single day in America than it does in a whole year in Great Britain, FOOD ON THE CONTINENT. We translate the following from the Gazette de Gri sone, a French commercial journal. It presents the re suit of investigati o ns• made throughout Europe for that paper respecting the late harvest: — RUSSIA--Southern provinces—Grain moderate in quantity, good in quality. Northern provinces—Harvest abundant. Potatoes diseased in only a few districts. PuLAND.—Grain tolerable in quantity and quality. Potatoes failed extensively. SCANDINAVIA.—Bad harvest in general. Pilu"lt• — ln all the provinces there has been an ave rage harvest. Grain and potatoes tolerable in quality. SAXE*HOLSTEIN.—Grain tolerable. Potatoes attacked with the disease, more or less. HANOVER.—Grain tolerable. Potatoes failed almost everywhere. WIRTEMBERO AND BAVARIA.—Grain moderate in quantity, excellent in quality. Potatoes have com pletely failed in some provinces, and have been abundant and good in others. TURKEY.—Main good. Rice and wheat tolerable. AUSTRIA.—Grain abundant, but not very good. Po tatoes diseased in some provinces, but deficient in others. Generally speaking, a good harvest. ITALY.—Maize good ; rice not very good ; grain scorched in many districts. No return as to potatoes, not being much cultivated in Italy. SWITZE I ALAND.—Grain moderate in quantity, good in quality. Putatoes FRANCE.—Grain only tolerable. Potatoes failel in four fifths of the kingdom. HOLLAND AND BELGIUM: Grain tolerable. Pota toes failed generally. ENGLAND.—Grain good. Potatoes failed in many dis tricts. SCOTLAND.—Grain tolerable. Potatoes failed exte n aively. IRELAND.—A bad harvest in some kinds of grain. Potatoes failed almost entirely. A few days ago, the wife of the Rev. J. Ryder, Vicar of Nuneaton, near Coventry, was safely delivered of four children, who were all living. About ten months ago she had three children at a birth, who are still living. W orcester Chronicle. THE 6-14 N, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING-, MARCH -29, 1847. A SCHOOLMASTER CHARGED WITH CRUEL CHASTISEMENT. The following case was heard at Brighton on Satur day, before Major Willard, T. J. Bellamy, Rig., and C. Carpenter, Esq., magistrates. We have abridged the report of the proceedings from the Brigi,ton Guardian. PICKFORD V. WHARTON.--This was a charge brought by William Henry Picklord, son of Mr. Pickford, of Cavendish-place, surgeon, against Mr. Wharton, a schoolmaster, residing in Adelaide-crescent. Mr. Verrall (the eleih) having read the charge, Defendant said he pleaded " Jostitication." Mr. Verrall—That ir, not guilty. Mr. Bellingham, solicitor, who appeared in support of the &large, addressed the ikdtch, and called The tannola , nant, who took off his trouir; and ex hibited two or three merks on the thigh, which were much swollen and black. He was then sworn, and stated as follows:—I am 12 years of age. Igo to school am- Mr. Wharton's, the defendant, at 10, Acelaide•cres cent. I have gone to school there 18 months. )(ester day, as soon as we had dined, a gentleman came to Mr. 'Wharton's and they went into an adjoining room. He then sent a servant into the school-room to say he wished to speak to one of the boys. The boy went and came back, and aicl Mr. Wharton wished him to turn out those snobs in the school-room. About ten minutes atter that, Mr. Wharton came into the school-room and asked to spealt i. to Mr. Hamm Aid, the teacher, in the other room. Atter the teacher had been out with him, Mr. Wharton returned and asked one of the boys if he was not ashamed of the severe message he had tent him. The boy made no reply. He then turned round to me violently, and took my chair away. He then, to the best of my recollection, celled me an idle brute and went out of the room and fetched in a cane or stick—l think a cane,—and thrashed me with it till he briao it about my back. He then asked Cowley, one of the boys, to lend him his riding-whip ; and Cowley replied, " I would rather not get it." Mr. Wharton then asked the boy where it was, and he replied that it was up stairs in his drawer. Mr. Wharton then ran out of the room and returned with the Whip in his hand and thrashed me with it. Major Willard—What kind of a whip was it ? Mr. Wharton produced the whip. (It was a common riding whip.) Complainant—That is the whip. Ido not know bow many times Mr. Wharton struck me. He was thrash - - ing we about five minutes altogether. (He then exhi bited a cut in his trousers which he stated was caused by the beating.) Major Willard—Was Mr. Wharton aware of where he struck yeti ? Complainant—He did not seem to be. He struck me once across the head, and once across the eye. Mr. Bellingham—lf the bench wish it, I have a medi cal man here who will speak as to the marks. Major Willard—lt is not necessary. Mr. Bellingham—l had thought it necessary to have one or more of the pupils here to be examined. .1 have asked Mr. Wharton it they are here, and be says, '• cer tainly not." I complain to you that he prevents the witnesses coming. Major Willard—You can call the witness after he has cross examined the complainant. Complainant cross-examined by Mr. Wharton—We dine at half-past one and generally finish about two. You called us into the room immediately after dinner. I can't recollect that it was on the table and the gentle man waiting to see you. I do not recollect that you came into the room to require silence before you sent in. When you came into the room you ordered me to stand up to learn Euclid. There had been no fault found with me that day of the manner in which I learned Euclid ; there had been previously, several times. At twelve o'clock that day you said I had not done my translation properly. lie-examined by Mr. Bellingham—There was a teacher in the room when Mr. Wharton sent in the mes sage. He had not complained of our misconduct. When he heard the message he said he thought we were not making more noise than usual. Previous to his inflicting this punishment upon you, did he charge you with any misconduct ?—No, sir. Did you refuse to stand up when you were desired to do so ?—No, sir. Were you impertinent at all to Mr. Wharton ?—I said nothing. Major Willard—Did he complain in the morning ? Yes, he said I did not do my work properly, and that I could do it better if I liked. Mr. Wharton—Had I done so previously ? , Complainant—Yes. Many dines ?—Several times. Mr. Bellingham then requested that one of the pupils whom he had caused to be summoned as a witness should be called. Defendant. —I appeal to the bench whether it is de sirable for. a schoolboy to be summoned to a court of justice. What' evidence could be given by a little boy ? How would you like your own boy to be called as a witness ? Major Willard—That does not matter, if it is abso lutely necessary for the proceeding in a court of justice. Mr. Verrall—There aas a summons Mr. Wharton, and it was your duty to let the boys come. It was for other persons to judge whether they should be examined. Major Willarg—Certainly : and it was very disre spectful to the bench. You are not to form an opinion whether they should be examined. Defendant then addressed the court. He had received the father's instructions, and only a few days past, that if the boy would not learn, he was to make him. And Mr. Pickford also hut w that he only consented to take his boys on condition that he should be at liberty to punish them if they required it, that was, to flog them. He only r unished him till he said he would learn his lesson, and he felt that he was doing his duty properly to the father and to the child. Ile had treated this boy with great care and caution ; and after a great deal of forberance he thought he must either punish him to make him learn, or dismiss him. He regretted that he did not do the latter. Major Willard said they had gone quite - sufficiently into this case to be satisfied, without the examination of any other party, that the offence was clearly proved. The bench was also of opinion that the child had been chastised without any necessity. There was no call at all for the severe punishment that the defendant gave him. Supposing that the boy had been forgetful, and that the defendant being out of tempter, had a weapon in his hand, he might havo struck him with it ' • but that was not all, tor he asked a boy to fetch a stick or a cane to beat the lad with, and with that weapon he laid about the child till he broke it ; and he was not satisfied with that, but he asked a boy for his whip, and when the boy refused to go for it, he went up stairs for it himself. One might have imagined that in that interval he might -have softened down in his temper ; but they found that with that weapon he punished the boy most severely, much more than the occasion called for, and much more than a schoolmaster had a right to do. Under these circumstances they felt it necessary for the pro tection of children who were under a master that could not command his temper, to impose the full amount of he fine that the law required. He was fined 5/. Defendant—May - I be UllOwed- to say the bench has isunderstood the evidence. ' Major Willard—The case is closed. Defendant then paid the money.- THE FOOD QUESTION -IRISH DISTRESS. The following are extracts from a letter contained in ;he second series of the correspondence relative to the it adopted for the relief of distress in Ireland. (Just issued by order of Parliament) : MR. J. ERICIISEN TO MR. TREVELTAN. Welbeck- street, March 9. There are two points in connexion with the food ques tion to which I wish briefly to direct your attention. The first is the relative nutritive value ot different com mon articles of feed ; the second the kind of diet that should be furnished to the starving Irish. It is necessarily the object of relief committees and other charitable associations that provide food daring the present scarcity, to furnish such food as will afford the greatest amount of nutrition, at the smallest psssible expense. Now, it does not follow that the lowest priced food is in the end the most economical, as it may con tain proportionably less nutritive matter than a higher priced article of diet. Thus, for instance, it has been ascertained by Liebeg, Boussingault, and others, that 107 parts of wheat are equal in nutritive power to 111 of rye, 117 of oats, 130 of barley, 138 ot Indian corn, 177 of rice. 894 of potatoes, and 1,335 of turnips. Thus a quarter of wheat at 80s. should, according to their relative nutritive power, represent barley at 643., and Indian corn at 625. per quarter ; ar.d it would be as economical to buy the wheat at 803. as the Indian corn at 625. When we compare vegetable with animal mat ters, we shall find that the nutritive power of the animal food (I mean the cheaper sorts) exceeds that of the ve getable food in a greater ratio than the difference in price ; thus, for instance, a pound of wheaten flour and a pound of common Dutch cheese are about the same in price, say 2d. ; but the amount of nutritive material contained in the cheese, more particularly of that kind of nutritive matter that goes directly to the formation of blood, bone, and muscle, and that is especially essential to the maintenance of the physical powers of the body, has been ascertained to be at least sevenfold that which is contained in the wheat; and, although either the wheat or the cheese are, separately, highly nutritious, we shall find that the power of affording nourishment possessed by these substances will be greatly increased by their combination in proper proportions. This leads me to the second point ; the necessity of variation in diet, or rather the combination of different alimentary substances for the preservation of health and life. The body is made up of many principles, differing from one another in composition and chemical proper ties. Now we might, a priori, suppose that textures which are chemically different require different alimen tary substances for their nourishment. The living body has no power to create any of these principles ; it must, therefore, be supplied with food containing all the ele ments that enter into its composition ; ene of the most important of these elements is a pi inciple called nitrogen, and this the cereals contain in very small quantities indeed ; whilst, on the other hand the leguminous plants, peas, beans, and the pulse tribe, together with all arti cles, of diet derived from the animal kingdom, but espe cially cheese, contain it in very large quantities. Now, nitrogen is absolutely necessary to the proper nutriment of the body, and must be supplied in some shape, - and in larger quantities than exist in the cereals, wheat, oats, barley, rye, Indian corn, or in the potatoe. If the sys tem has to depend solely upon the amount of nitroge nised ;natter that can be obtained from this kind of food, an immense mass must be taken into the stomach to pro vide the requisite supply of nitrogen to the system. An Irish labourer, though eating eight or nine pounds of potatoes daily, about the average quantity, barely obtains enough nitrogen for the nutrition of his system : this quantity of potatoes not containing more of that prin ciple than, and being about equal in nutritive power to, three-quartens of a pound of butcher's meat. or half a pound of cheese. I would, therefore, most strongly advise the relief committees, if they wish to do something more than fill the stomach of the people, to substitute for a portion of the cereal foul a certain quan tity of the leguminous food. and especially cheese. In stead of pure Indian corn, it would be better to furnish ten ounces of the corn, with three or four ounces of peas, or beans (the commonest horse-beans would be highly nutritious and wholesome), and one ounce of cheese. One pound of food of this kind would go as far as at least a pound and a half or two pounds of In dian corn, in the amount of nutrition it would supply to the body. In this way the consumption of cereal food might be much diminished, the supplies in the kingdom husbanded, and a greater amount of nutritive matter, and pro Canto of health and strength furnished to the people in the distressed districts, without an increase of expenditure. That this combination of the nutritive principles con tained in the cereals with those in the leguminous tribes, and in the animal kingdom is absolutely necessary, not merely for health and strength, but for life, is proved by the experience of all nations. I have not time to adduce many examples, and it may not be necessary to do so, but I may refer you to the diet of the Hindoos; this consists as its basis of rice, but in addition, clarified butter (ghee), peas, or pulse are always added. In Norfolk and Suffolk I find butcher's meat is never eaten by the peasantry, who live almost exclu sively on wheaten bread and potatoes, but a pound of cheese is said to be the regular weekly supply of each family. In Dorsetshire and Devonshire, wheaten bread, potatoes, with a little cheese, butter, or bacon; in York shire and Northumberland, oatmeal porridge, bread made of barley and pea - meal mixed, p otatoes, and cheese or bacon. These facts afford sufficient evidence that the poor in this country find that they cannot live without either t - I cheese, butter, or peas, where they cannot afford meat. MATTERS IN AGRICULTURAL SCOTLAND. Never perhaps in the memory of man has there been a more favourable seed-time, or a greater extent of land sown in the same number of days, as within the last fortnight. Around Edinbtirgh many farmers have finished sowing both oats and barley, and with a con tinuance of a few days of weather similar to that we have recently enjoyed, the seed time of 1847 will be completed in the Lothians. A large breadth of beans has been sown as a substitute for potatoes, but there are few farmers not determined to make another trial of the latter, though the extent that will be planted will be very limited. There does not appear to be much difficulty in procuring seed, but the price asked is exor bitant-20/. a ton has been demanded, though we have not heard of any sales at that figure. Sound looking seed from England and the north of ScoCand finds ready buyers at 121. 10s. and 131. 10s. per ton. The opening of the North British Railway has proved a great boon to cow•keepers ; but for the large quantity of Swedish turnips brought by this means of transit from East Lothian, food both for cows and horses would have been much higher in Edinburgh than it is, and it is indeed very high. Around the city the fields are nearly cleared of turnips, and there does not appear to be many stored , up : and as a consequence of this scarcity of keep, which I pose - r c s r b o e w in d g ed e t o h u e n s t e r t y w b o u ni tch ar e k rs et co d m a !ve r _ b believ e i s general, our catt l e mar k et h as b een particu larly bei ng y , s e — l l e m d a n to y o s e f i l t , h e t h e e x i r exhausted. We ' have had some slight showers durin g th e week, bu been rather a he avy fall oftrwaien understand t e h rs e t a w nd es t t h w e a r r e d h .— as I Sat, mu n. A poor woman lately died at Liverpool, chiefly through neglect in childbirth, the surgeons who were applied to to attend her refusing to do so because she had not the weans of paying the fee. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE ELECTION OF CHANCELLOR. The following analysis of votes, given for Prince Albert and Lord Powis at the late election for the office of Chancellor of the University, is given from the Cam bridge Chroniee H. R. H. P. A. E. OF P. Masters of Colleges ' Professors Bishops Judges Noblemen Honourables Right Honourables Baronets Knights D . .D. 29 14 LL.D. M.D 22 16 CHANCELLOR ' S MEDALISTS. The two gold medals, given annually by the Chan cellor to the two hest proficients in classics, were awarded on Tuesday, as follows :- 1. Charles Evans, Trinity college. 2. Augustus Arthur Vansittart, Trinity college. CHRIST'S COLLEGE. The Rev. Edward Gould, M.A. (8.A., 1822), of Christ's college, rector of Sproughton, has been ap pointed chaplain to the High Sheriff of Suffolk, H. J. Oakes, Esq. The Rev. C. E. Plater, 8.A., of Christ's college, vicar of River, has been collated, by his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, to the rectory of Newchurcb, Kent, vacated by the Rev. E. R. Nares. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. - - . On the 18th instant the Rev. John Henaman, (8.A., 1801), of Corpus Christi college, was, on his own petition as patron for this town, admitted and licensed, by the Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, to the perpetual curacy of Clifton, in the county of Gloucester, void by the death of the Rev. J. Taylor. DOWNING COLLEGE. On Tuesday week the Bishop of Norwich instituted the Rev. H. B. Longe, M.A. (8.A., 1825)N of Downing college, to the rectory of Monewden, Suffolk, Patron, Andrew Archdeckne, Esq., Glevering Hall, Suffolk. GONVILLE AND CAWS COLLEGE. At a meeting of the Master and Fellows, on Satur day last, the following translations were made :—Corbet Flue, M.A., to a Frankland Fellowsbip; W. B. Hopkins, M.A., to a Fellowship on the Wortley Foundation. PEDESTRIANISM.—HAINSWORTH AND MOUNTJOY. —These men walked their 8-mile match on Thursday, at Bed dington-corner. The sum contended for was 10 soya. aside. The veteran pedestrian, whose'performances in years gone by were remarkable, had here the long odds of youth against him. He, however, looked extremely well ; and, indeed, went so strongly to work, that we were not surprised, when six miles had been covered,in something like fifty-six minutes, to see his opponent not only considerably in the rear, but with little chance of fetching up his lee way, he being, though so much younger, the more distressed man of mile, en. Th in e contest, which was up and down a (short?) ded favour of the veteran by a couple of hundred yards. DRorrwicH.—THE SALT TRADE. --We are glad to s a y that the salt trade of the borough is just now satis factory, and that the works generally are in full operation. The recent partial success with the East India Company has emboldened the Cheshire and Worcestershire salt owners to persevere in their endeavours to procure toe removal of the unrighteous thousand per cent. duty levied on all salt in our Indian dominions; and that' these efforts may be crowned with success, we should think, must be the desire of every humane and considerate human being.— Worcester Herald. KENDAL.—Within the last few days a letter has been received by Mr. R. Wilson, from Mr. Warburton, the Member for Kendal, announcing his intention to resign his trust at the th,riolution of th preent Pnrlilment, ae.d retire altogether from public life.—anchester paper. s ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. NORFOLK CIRCUIT.—Bury St. Edmunds, March 27. CROW COURT.—(Before Sir F. POLLOdIt.) Catherine Foster. aged is, was arraigned upon an in dictment charging her with the wilful marder of her husband, John Foster, by administei:ing to him arsenic. _ _ . at Acton, on the 18th of Novewber last. Mr. Gurdon and Mr. Sanders were counsel for the prosecution ; Mr. Power defended the prisoner. This case, which has excited much public attention in this and the adjoining c uuty of Essex, being specially appointed for this day, the court was greatly crowded Ceinre the usual hour. From the opening statement of the Learned Counbei for the pros. , eution, and the evi- • dence of the witnesses called in support of it, the fol lowing narrative of .this domestic tragedy mi.• 4 l - it be gleaned :—The deceased, who was an agrieultiv-al la bourer, was a native of Acton, a small village near Sud• bury, where also lived the prisoner, for whom, though of no prepossessing appearance, he early in life con ceived a warm affection. They went to school together in early youth, and worked together till r‘he went to ser vice at the age of 16, when his boyish penchant ripened into manly love. During her absence he frequently visited her, and matters progressed between them In this way till the autumn of last year, when the pri soner being about to pay a visit to - her aunt at Paken ham, a village on the other side of Bury, and twenty miles from Acton, the lover became most desirous that the marriage should take place, possibly because, like all lovers, he fancied that every man would fall in love with thelady of his affections, and he might lose his prize. Be that as it may, according to Mrs. Mu: ley's testimony, he earnestly urged the propriety of his being at once mar ried, and promised that he would allow his bride to pay her promised visit to her aunt as soon as bhe pleased after the ceremony—all he wanted was to be married at once ; and being backed in his suit by the prisonef, the ceremony took place at Acton Church on the 28th of October, after which the young couple took up their abode in the house of Mrs. Morley, with whom was then living, besides her daughter, a r son, Thornm, aged' three years. John Foster having thus gained the long cherished object of his heart, was as happy in the pos *session of his youthful wife as man could well be. On the third morning they parted according to his promise. He handed her into the carrier's cart, and bidding adieu to her, asks d if " she thought she would stay all a month?" To which she replied, " No, John, I'll be back b. f,,re." After the lapse of ten days she returned to her home, and her husbend's cup of happiness seemed filled to overflowing. He was happy as the day was long; worked with zeal, alacrity, and joyousness, in the daily discharge of his " lot; in litc." He was then, as he had ever been, according to one of the witnesses, " as strong and blooming a young man as ever you seed;" though he had, about a fortnight before, met with an ac cinent while loading a waggon of hay, but that had only produced a slight headache, a thing which his friend as sured him would soon pass off—as he " often had it on Mondays—after a day's rest." This remark was fully verified. The deceased soon resumed his wonted cheer- fulness and strength, and on the 17th of November re turned from work to his evening meal with his friend, singing all the way to that house whence he never de parted alive. On his arrival he partook of supper with his wife and her little brother, their homely meal con sisting of dumplings, potatoes, and tea. The mats had no 'sooner partaken of his dumpling than he was taken violently sick at the stomach, and obliged to go into the yard. Soon after this his mother-in-law, who had been out all day waehing, came home, and found him retching violently in a basin, the contents of which she threw into a neighbouring ditch, where some fowls were in the habit of picking up their scanty subsistence. During the whole of the night the poor man remained in great pain; at tour o'clock he trit•O`to get up, but fell down from weakness, and on the following morning his wife went to Melford for a doctor, whom she told her husband had got a " bowel complaint," and asked to come and seehim that day. Deeming from her account that his patient was suffering from English cholera, then very prevalent, the surgeon prescribed eccordinely, and the prisoner took away the medicine, some of which she gave to her husbatsd. On her return she found him worse than when she left him, and he finally died in her arms at four o'clock, soon atter which hour his mother and the surgeon arrived. On the same day the fowls all died, and a post-mortsm examinatiun of the body of the deceased was made by Ir. Jones, of Melford. At that time no suspicion was engendered, and that gentleman gave it as his opinion that the deceased came to his death from English cholera; but suspicion being afterwards excited by the death of the fowls in a sudden end mysterious way, a further and more searching in quiry was deemed necessary by the coroner, and the con tents of the stomach of the deceased were taken to Bury, where they were subjected to analysis by Mr. Image and Mr. Newham, who unhesitatingly pronounced the pre sence of arsenic in great quantities, not only in the sto mach and its contents, but also in the crop of the fowls, and a pudding bag, in which the prisoner had boiled the dumplieg of which the deceased had eatea the night before his death. Under these circumstances recourse was had to the family for further information, and it was ascertained that the prisoner had spent the day with the mother of her husband 6 - very comfortably," from twelve to four, when she stated that she " must go home, for it was dumpling night."• Her brother was also called before the coroner, when he stated that his sister had made one dumpling for supper, of which they all partook. After wards, however, ,he varied his statement, and then, as was stated to-day, deposed to having seen his sister make two dumplings on the night in question, into one of which she had put soma powder out of a paper, after which she burnt the paper,•and put that dumpling into a pudding-cloth. lie is also repre sented to have stated that he and his sister supped off a different dumpling, and did not partake of the dumpling of which the deceased ate. In addition to this it was shown that after the unfortunate .occur rence the prisoner had stated that " she wished she had gone to Bury before she had married, for then she would not have been married at all, and would have got a good place." This she stated on the day after her return from Bury, and also on that after her hus band's death, when she had gone into a neighbour's house in tears, and asked ;or leave to stay there " while the doctor's opened John," which she could not bear to witness These facts were for the most part proved to-day, but the boy, when examined, though he stated that he had seen his sister make the two dumplings, and boil one for the deceased in a bag, de nied that he had seen her put any thin g into it from her pocket, or burn any paper, and insisted e in saying, that both his sister and himself, who had not exhibited any symptoms of illness,.had partaken of the same dumpling with the deceased. On this subject Mr. Image and Mr. Newham both de posed, that if the deceased had taken the poison in that dumpling, it was impossible that any one else could have tasted it without experiencing great illness and danger to life from it. At the close of the case for the prosecution, which oc cupied the entire day. . Mr. POWER addressed the jury on behalf of the pri soner, strongly commenting on the extreme improba bility that a yang and recently married girl would per petrate so diabolical a crime as the murder of her 1-.us band. He contended that there was an utter absence of 'all motive on her part to commit such an outrage on human nature ; and without direct proof that she had bought any arsenic, er been known to be possessed of any, the more reasonable inferen e was that the husband must have taken the poison, of which it was impossible to deny he was the victim, elsewhere that at his own home, and at some other meal than the supper. The CHIEF BARON most carefully and minutely went over the whole evidence to the jury, pointing out to them the peculiar features of the case, and calling their attention to the facts which bore in favour of the prisoner, as well as to those which went to support the serious charge now under their consideration. In his opinion it was not essentially necessary to prove any motive in such a case, but it was for the jury to say whether, utter all the circumstances which had been deposed to, they were of opinion that the de ceased had come by his death frem poison administered to him in the dumpling at the supper prepared for him by his wife. If they thought that propositien established, the serious question was, by what means the poison Carat' into that dumpling, of which, whatever the boy might say, no one could believe that any one could have eaten without feeling the ill effects of poison, as had been de posed to most unhesitatingly by two eminent surgeons who had been examined to-day. The jury retired for about twenty minutes to delibe rate, and after that time returned a verdict of Guilty.— Sentence deferred. The prisoner, who bad stood unmoved during the whole trial, received the verdict of the jury with a slight quivering of the lips ; but beyond that expression of feeling, which was momentary, she exhibited not the least emotion from the first to the last moment of the inquiry which was fraught with such awful consequences to her. MIDLAND ClRCUlT.—Warwick, March 27. This morning the Learned Judges, Mr. Baron Parke and Mr. Justice Patteson, attended prayers in St. Mary's Church; and at half past nine o'clock Mr. Baron Parke took his seat on the bench at Nisi Prins. Mr. Justice Patteson did not enter the Crown Court until eleven o'clock. There were 25 causes entered, and the calendar enumerated no fewer than 82 criminal charges, or 114 prisoners for trial. CROWN COURT.—(Be fore Mr. Justice P ATTESON). SEN T E NCE UPON ' WELC H, THE LATE TREA SURER TO THE BIRMINGHAM BOARD OF GUARDIANS. At the conclusion of the Learned Judge's charge to the grand jury, as placed at the bar to Yeomans Welch was s ni t 't i ze. c eir e icc KrrEsoN, addressing the prisoner, said receive J os ephj sr . Justice he was tried at the last assizes and convicted of embEz ziement; but doubts being entertained upon one or two points of law, they were reserved for the consideration of the judges. The judges were unanimously of opinion that the evidence was properly received, and that the offence did come within the meaning of the Act of Par liament, and that consequently the conviction was good. Considering all the circumstances, it was his duty to pass the sentence which Mr. Justice Coleridge said he should have passed at the last assizes hrbd he tilt reserved the points submitted by your Learned Counsel—that is, that you be transported for ten years. The prisoner, who has apparently suffered much in body and mind siace the last assizes,. was then removed from the ha. apparently in a state of stupef=ction. ATTEMPT TO MURDER A WIFE.— - Bunney was place d at the bar charged with cutting snd wounding his wife with to kill, murier, disable, or ,do her some. grievous bodily hat m. The offence was stated to have b:en committed as far back as the 24th 'of January, 1845. Ile was ainirehended at the time,.but such was and has been the state of his mind since that period. that it wnq i•ot deeri.ed proper to put him upon his trial. ' . • 'io day, , whet] placcd at , tlio oar, coo pi.iQuaec pre-' sented a collected, ruddy, and healthy appearance ; but more than once during the trial he betrayed symptoms of sill existing insanity. Sarah Bunney was then called. On her appearance (her face still strongly seamed, the effects of the wdunds inflicted) the prisoner fixed his eyes upon her, and burst into tears. She deposed as follows:—'•I was married to the prisoner in 1845, and lived at the Rainbow public house in High- street, • Bordes!ey, Birmingham. We lived together for three days after our marriage. We were married on the • Tuesday, but I did not observe anything particular in his manner until FA idity. On the evening of that day we went to bed as usual. Thtween two and three o'clock on Satur day morning I was disturbed by finding my husba.id very - restless. He sat up in bed, and appeared much c -rifwed. He took his clotlong from under the pillow, and I saw he had a knife in his hand. When I observed this I got out of bed, and went towards the door. I first tall iried to get the knife out of his hand, but I could not succeed. Before I went • the door the prisoner wiataded his own throat with a knife. When I went to the sloor, he wounded me. He said, •We have lived together, we have loved together, and we will die toge ther.' I found the door locked. He wounded me with a ponknife in the throat, the face, and other parts of the.body. I fell on the floor. I had not at first my senses, but I recovered myself a little, and ran to the vbindovv. I broke a pane of glass, and cried out, Mur der,' when somebody brought a ladder to the window. My husband also called out, Ob i see what they have done !' When the w;ndow was opened my husband got through. It was on the second floor that we slept. Mr. White and Robert Fletcher came, and also Mr. Archer, the surgeon. The morning after our marriage the prisoner said he thought all his friends were against him. His manner was much ex cited." . . M. Justice PATTESON asked the prisoner if he wished to aik his wife any questions?—The prisoner (almost " laughing outright") replied that he had none. Mr. John Archer, surgeon, of Deritend, Birmingham, beim; sworn, stated that he was called in to Mrs. Bunney on the morning in question, and found her with a w( u id 2I inches long on the throat, and another wound 2i inches long on the cheek. The wounds were inflicted vtith a sharp instrument. He afterwards saw the pri soner at Fletcher's. He had a superficial wound in the throat, one of his fingers was slightly cut, and there were several slight stabs on the chest. The prisoner ap elred to be in a state of great excitement. He said, "see how they Lave served me; they brought me three days ago from a distance to be married." Heard him in conversation with other persons, and from his manner thought the prisoner at the time was insane. Ile at tended Mrs. Bunney for several weeks afterwards. The wound in the throat was i!angerous. The evidence of several medical men azt to the pri soner's state of mind was then taken. They statcd that he was decidedly insane. The jury immediately Acquitted the prisoner on the ground of insanity. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, MAacn 27. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market here for railway stock today has been very dull, and the transactions few and unimportant. Speculation seems to have turned again to the article of cotton. The sales are—Birmingham and Ox ford Junction, 8% —Buckingham shire, % p.—Dundee, and Perth, 37% —Eastern Counties, York Ex tension, par—East Lancashire, 174 p. —Ditto, New (scrip), 265. 3d. p.—East Lincolnshire, 2% p.—Edinburgh and l'erth, New, 2 p.— Leeds and Thirsk, 1% dia. —Liv2rpool, Crosby, and Southport, 2q p.—London and North-Western, 178 —Ditto, 401. Shares (L. and M.), 2T74 p. —Ditto, Quarters, New, 11 p.—Manchester and Southamp ton, 14 dis..—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, Eighths, 1 dis.— Midland Stock, 117% —Newcastle and Berwick, New, 3% p.—North Staffordshire, 3t p.—Shrewsbury and Hereford, 74 dis.—Shrop shire Union, 1 dis.—South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4, Thirds, 1 ls. 3d. p.—York and Newcastle, New, 5 3 ,4 p.—Ditto, Preference, p. MANCHESTER, MAach 27. STOCII. EXCHANGE. The sales are-7-Arnbergate. Nottingham, and Boston, 3-16—Birkenhead, -Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, —Birmingham and Oxford Junction, 8 13-16—Blackburn, Clitheroe, &c., Preferentials, 1 11-16—East Lancashire (late B. and I'.), New (scrip), 1 7-16—Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding Junction, % Leeds and Thirsk, Ditto, Preferentials, 1% —Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland, 10s. dis.—Manchester and Leeds, 321. Shares (late Extension), 2%—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, Eighths, 1 % —Ditto, Griinsby Dock, 2% dis.— Manchester and Southampton, 7-16—Newcastle and Berwick, New, 3 13-16—North Staffordshire, 3% —North Union (A), 215—Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A), IM, —South Staffordshire, %. LEEDS, Marten 27. Swim EXCOANGE.—Appearances were a little better in the early part of the week, but the improirement was not maintained, and business has beets dull for the last two or three days, with declining prices where sales were pressed ; but the general disposition among shareholders appears to be to avoid as much as possible any unne cessary depreciation by urgent present sales, while at the same time any improvement would at once bring out a considerable supply of stock. The sales are—East Lancashire, New, 395. p.—Ditto, New (scrip), 275. p.—East and West Yorkshire, 13s. n. p.—Great North ern (London and York), Is. n. dis.—Ditto, Extensions, par—Hud dersfield and Manchester, Thirds, 20s. p.—Leeds and Dewsbury, Extension, Scrip (green), Bs. 6d. p.—Leeds and Thirsk, 2 n. dis.— Ditto, New, 12s. 6d. dis.— Ditto, Preference, 295. 6d. p —Manchester and Leeds (late Hud. and Sheff.), 3% p.—Ditto, Fifths, 51% c. p.— Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire (Grimsby and Sheffielsr). Quarters, 1 % clls.—Midland, Preference, 3% c. p.—Newcastle and Berwick, 9% it. Ditto, New, 31. 16s. p —North Staffordshire, 3U, u.—North-Western, par n.—W .st lading Union, 345. p.—York and Newcastle, Preference, 4 p.—York and North Midland, Preference, 9%p NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, MARCH 27. STOCK Excite Koz.—The sales are—Newcastle and Carlisle, 115 — Newcastle and Berwick, New, 3% p.—Ditto (North Shields), Pur chase, 11% p. cum n.—York and North Midland, Preference, 9% p. • IA a" HULL, MARCH 27. STOCK EXCHANGE..-The sales are-North British, Extens"on (scrip), 15s. p.-Ambergate, Nottingham, and Boston, 438. 6d. -Cale donian, 27-Great Northern (London and York), 2% -North- Western, 4-Shropshire Union, 20s. dis. EDINBURGH, bfeacu 26. STOCK EXCHANGE.-The sales are-Aberdeen, 281.-Airdrie and.. Bathgate, 31. 18s.-Arbroath and Forfar, 271. 10s.-Ditto , Hail Shares, 151.-Ayr and Galloway, 2/. Is. 6d.-Caledonian, 271. 10s.- Ditto, New, 21. 10s. Gd.-Caledonian and Dumbarton, 21, 78,- dale Junction, 301. us.-Deeside, 3/. 55.-Direct Northern, 21 . Cd.-Dunblatte, Donne, and Callender, 11. 12 s . 6d.-D u ndee an. Arbroath, 42/. 10s.-Dicto, New, No. 1, 301.-Ditto, New, No. 2, 301. -Ditto, New, No. 3, 41. 155.-Dundee and Northern Junctio n , 21. Bs. 6d.-Dundee and Perth, 331.-Ditto, New Shares, 191.-xast of Fife, 21. 165.-East Lothian Central, 21. 17s. 6d.-Edinburgh and Bathgate,: 5/. 17s. 6d.-Edlnburgh and Glasgow, 711. 10s - . ex div.- Ditto, Half Shares, 191. 10s. ex div.-Ditto, Quarter Shares, 17 1 . 17 8 . W. ex div.-Edinburgh, Leith, and Grantor, 201. 2s. 6d- Ditto, oydes- Preference, 211.--Ditto, New, 21. 17s. 6d.-Ditto, Quarters, 155.- Edinburgh and Northern, 16/. 155.-Ditto. New Shares, 41.4x.-Ditto, Newport, 71. IN.-Ditto, ditto, New, 2/. 145.-Edinburgh and Perth (Old), 11. 17s.- Ditto (New), 21. Ids. 6d.- Dit'o,'Halves. 11 Is. Gd.- Glasgow and Ayrshire, 611. los.-Ditto, New Stook, 371. 7s. 6d.- Ditto, Halves, No. I, 5/. 55.-Ditto, ditto, No. 2, 81.-Ditto, Quarter Shares, 161. IN.-Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, 5/. 155.-GlasBQm' and Garnkirk, 391.-Glasgow General Terminus, 12/. 55.-Glasgow and Greenock, 181.-Ditto, Halves, 91.-Ditto, Preference, 8/. 55.-Glas gow, Kilmarnock, and Ard . rossan, 5/. 18s.- Great North of England, 2331. IN.-Great North of Scotland, 21. 1 1 9.-Great Northeni (late Direct Northern), 3/. 135.-Ditto (London and York), 2/. 155.-Man chester and Leeds, 108/.-Ditto, Sixteenths, Si. 55.-Newcastle and Berwick, 33/. 55.--North British, 331. .15s. ex div.-Ditto, Halves, j tt u o n , ct F lo it n t , hs, 6/. 155.- Scottish 10s.-Ditto, Quarters, 41. 2s. 6d.-Ditto,. New Quarters (scrip), 11. Bs. 6d.-Ditto, Thirds , Scottish Central, 221 . .- I/. Is. -Scot tish Midland, 201. 10s .- Shrewsbury Shrewsbury, and Hereford, H. 12s. 6d.- Shrewsbury, Oswestry, and Chester, 81. U.-Ditto, New. 11. 2s. 6il. -Stirling and Dunfermline, 31. 18s. 6d. -Stirling and Midland, 21. 9 s 3Slc.otitit 6d.-Ditto, -Wishaw and Coltness, 481. 15s. ex div.-York and Newcastle, Great No 361.-Ditto, New, 161. 2s. 6d.-Ditto, Preference, 8/. 17s. 6d r .- t - h Direct Bombay and Madras, 25. 9d. - East Indian, Bs.- Gr of India, 35.-Great Southern of Madras, 3 5. -Madras, Arcot, 2s. /ignore, and GLASGOW, Macs 26. STOCK Excnsaqox.—The sales are—Caledonian and Dumbarton shire, 445. 6d.—Direct Northern (scrip), 52s.—Dundee and Northern Junction, 42s.—Edinburgh and Perth (New Co.), 58s. 6d.—Ditto, Halves, 20s. 6d.—Glasgow General Terminus, 1294 —Glasgow, Kil marnock, and Ayr, Halves, No. 1,5% Ditto, Halves, No. 2, 81. — Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, 53( Great Indian Peninsular, 3s. 9d.—Kilmarnock and Ayr Direct, 39s.—Manchester and South ampton, 30e. 6d.—Midland, Halves, 51. N.—South-Eastern and Dover, New, No. 4,87 s. 6d. —Stirliiag and Dunfermline, 785. Wilonto Arti, Morningside, and Coltness, 701.—York and Newcastle, New, 15%. 81R2715. On the 24th inst., at Brighton, the wit's of 11:chard Wolstan Dixie' Esq , oi a son. On the 25th inst., at Berry. head, Brixham, the lady of the Rev. I. llogg, of a daughter. On the, 25th inst., Mrs. B: J. Thompson, of Hull, of a dan2hter. On the 25th inst., at Upper Clapton, Mrs. El: Burnard, of a daughter. On the 26th inst., at St. Paul's-place, Ball's-pond, Mrs. Henry R' Greaves, of a son. On tt e 26th inst., in Edward-street, C:ty•road, Mrs. Edward Shep herd, of a son. MARRIED. On Cie 26th Inst., at St. George's, Hanover-square, Charles Leopold Buiheck, Esq., of Wilton. crescent, to Harriotte , daug hter of the late John Sowerby, Esq., of Hackney. DIED. On the 18th inst., at Lympstoue, Devon, Ann Balcombe, re li c t of the late Lieutenant-Colonel James West, R.A., aged 76. On the 19th inst., at Hereford, Thomas Cooke, Esq., Lieutenant- Colonel of the ilerefordshire Local Militia , and a Deputy Lieutenant for the county, aged 85. On the 20th inst., at Bury, Lancashire , H. H. Fell, Esq., 66th Regiment. On the 21d inst., in Princes-street, Westminster, Sarah Smith, the wife of J. A. Smith, aged 39. On the 33d inst., at Preston, Catharine Howard Pear, the wife of William Martin, Esq., K S F., late Lieut.-Colonel, 2d Lan-ers, B. On the 23.1 inst., at Catharine-place, Bath, Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Aitch son. On the 2ith inst., at Poles, near Ware, Agatha, relict of the late Sarup‘on ta , thury, Esq., aged 71. On the 26th Inst., at Hornsey-lane, Harriet, widow of the late j• Hawes, Ef - q., aged 79. , Lon4oni Printed arid Published by IitITRDO YOUNG, of NO. 1 19 ;ar'Li ,do it'. 44tr<ri •n Pieeinc, Lk.: County 4A 3 141014 29, 1847. EXPORTATION OF GRAIN.---The high prices of grain on the Continent are causing no little bustle in the grain -trade in Lei' It. Another ship was chartered on Wednes day by a mercantile house, to load wheat for Antwerp with oh di,p itch ; and .0 anxious are merchants to take aUvantag a of the start in the prices on the continent, that a vessil which arrived on Thursday in the roads, with about 1,0 quarters of wheat from Pomerania, received orders on Thaw day night to proceed to Belgium with her cargo. Another, and rather an important feature in the present state of the grain trade is, that many of the parties who entered into winter contracts for the shipment of grain at first open water to Leith, have been giving orders to their foreign friends , through factors here, to resell their purchases at the better prices obtainable for other markets, such as France, Holland, and Belgium ' • and this has already been done to tome extent . --Edinburgh Evening Post. Sunderland is over-run with wretched Irish, who are in a most mist rable condition, and herding, twenty and thirty together, in a single room at the low end of the town. The scenes of miserv!and want among them are inde..crib.ible , but, happily, disease has not yet appeared among thou. Every cellar and room that can be procured is filled, and they subsist in common, on whatever they c anet by beggill and occasional work, but many of them are unable to Ana employment —Durham Chronicle. [AD VERTISEM EN T.] —The Registered Paletot Of Llama cloth, 'the most fashionable coat for both the present and approaching seasons, still retains the same moderate price, which, with its usefulness and gentlemanly appear ance, has secured such geceral popularity. It has been made special command for their Royal Highnesses Prince Albert, Prince George of Cambridge, Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar, his Grace the Duke of Wellington, and the several royal visitors to the British Court. In London it can coif be purchased of the patentees, H.. 1". and D. Nicoll, Court tailors, 114, Regent-street, and 22, Cornhill. Agents for Liverpool, Dawbarn and Son, Bold-street ; for Dublin, Gee. Macdona, Molesworth-street ; for Birmingham, Wareing and Son, New -street; and the principal tailors in other large towns. [A DVERT/SEMENT.]—A MPUTATION OF Two LEGS PREVENTED AND CURED BY HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PILLS.—EI . tract of a letter, dated Roscommon, Feb. 19, 1847 Mr. Ryan, pro prietor of the hotel next door to me, had too very bad legs; one with eight ulcers on it, the other with three. After spending seine time in Dublin with several eminent medical men, he left with the choice ,f one of the two alternatives—to have both legs amputated, or die. Ou h s way home he met with a gentleman in the coach, who re commended him Holloway's Pills and Ointment, which he used, and by their means is now quite well.— (Signed) CHARLES Tom!, Pro prietor of the Roscommon7ournal.' " Fold by all druggists, an" at Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244, Strand, London. NA` I The syste- Ltl,tl Loan lattit of th e upproba ofCeers of tl !tad Soclet ~.411Lnen Off 1( %laties gene t g n _re , l, a Co .41 ta unicat 'Actually d boas class dtltad I n tl Vsh still ir finger the jinpre. €t St the disc F riendly at Ito attael or adopting to give an itid mutua Loetn from ._______ N. Al This Ir With reap 4 48, on al l elture of 1180 the tresta to Azaurai 4tes. The re "kg enalil a itturti t t 4 4 each I The di 'terabe 14 A1 Notice 0 11 A R E, I nttant Ahril ne The D b kr, the L'lcePte tiff Jan /*tic Cha Ant Gen (;ec The t tkrn ul ti tug exa Pho 00 --z--- Insu rates. ?rot /low g above; volur ir Age - I at Entry, L i This Cheap