The Sun. — London, England, 1847-03-18 00:00:00

•• 6eries. , in the voJuine• ul Pen' rhon s nded to ge nds;' bat ale r his , , fl . ol dsby scrum ,golds curl"' a suetcbe ig rbYp „ i g sP r ° ll , r n u g a P :l 6 rtw; it e SOUTH-EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY. The twenty-first half-yearly general meeting of the pror .. _lnietor s in this railway was held yestetday at the Board nu, Lond on -b r id ge T erm inus, for the purpose of receiving !!e n:port of the directors, and transacting the ordinary bu 55!'s of the company. James M`Gregor, Esq., chairman the company, presided. The advertisement calling the meeting having been read, A i nd the common seal of the company affixed to the registry `et poprietors, Ile SECRETARY proceeded to read the report , of wh ich she following is a brief abstract : The Accounts of the South-Eastern Railway Compa ny for the half -year, ending on the 31st of January, 1847, slow t the gross Reseipts of the Company on Revenue Account :;ave mounted during that period to 236,404/. Os. bd.; that ?eat working expenses have been 61,197/. 9s. sd. • the ie G nt of the Greenwich Railway and the Whitstable Railway, l e 7B l. 2s. the Rates, Government Duty, and Toll to t he London, Brighton, and South-Coast Company, for use of the Croydon Railway, 31,0471. ss. Bd., mak together the Expenditure on Revenue Account, 1),4,1221.4d. The Balance carried to the Account of A r9 fit and,Loss, 124,2811. 3s. ld. • and the Profit and Loss of 100,2031.75. shows an amount at the ' disposal of the Proprietors `. 100 ,204/. 7s. 3d. b a o,The amount received for passenger traffic during the "'Year on the South-Eastern Railway', exclusive of the Greenwichs i „„ Branch, is 144,0001. 12s. 7d., of which 1 " ,1 - 15s. Id. has been paid by 112,419 first-class pas sengers; 54,683. Ps. 11d. by : '247,670 second-class pas ktgers; and 3:3,8901. 4s. 7d. by 381,708 third-class pas -ngers, ti"," ws A comparison with the corresponding half-year of 1845-6 i ti an increase during the last halt year of 38,5701. Bs. 9d. lao7 s e elPts and of 16 . 040 fi rst class : 41,186 second class ; and third class in number, in all 187,579. 11:1,,lhe comparison of last half - year wit h the corres p ondin g ':Year of 1845-6, shows an increa se of 7,241 of p ersons tarried over the Greenwich Branch, within that period, and 1 l e ; 8 is an increase of the earn in g s on this branch of " 4 . 3 /. Ils. 7d. e op; The merchandise account has yielded 37,245/. 14s. 7d. th;nag the last half year, which exceeds by 13,320/. 6s. 7d. tnount earned in the corresponding half of last year. directors gave up possession of the New Cross Lo th;c4i7e Works on the 31st of January, in accordance with the agreement which had been entered into, and removed ° South-Eastern Locomotive Establishment to the new w Its, at Ashtord. "The amount due to this company from the Brighton As o PanY, on giving up the Ne w Cross Works, amounting to tY 40,0001, has not yet been paid . "Thethe branch f ro m Minster to Deal will op en so soon as q o ; a wing-bridge over the Stour is completed. Its construe „,,uss been delayed by the severe winter. o :Line contracts for widening the Greenwich branch and to it to Gravesend, and for filling up the canal in the to Del, and doubling the line of the railway from Gravesend f o rehester, are all let. All the works are proceeding Itiej a hly , and there is every reason to expect that they L W* completed according to the contract which require h t .:" works to be constructed and ready for opening within months after obtaining possession of the land. That of the North Kent Railway between Gravesend and h eater will it is hoped, be opene d as a double line in two as— , It" The directors have arranged with the Board of the te eo mg, Guildford, and Reigat e Railwa y to vary the agree existing with that company, and instead of the South- V vi rn. Company allowing 4% per c ent. to the Reading, T n drord, and Reigate Company , o n the whole outlay for hoy4tructing the line and a division of profits besides, they c o lagreed, subject to the approbation of the proprietors, to east; , SI A per cent. without division of profits, on a fixed itiZ a int 600,0001. The South-Eastern Company having the e'',,,nsibility of executing the woiks. itsd"e directors trust the arrangements they have made, plB are making, for the interr.al management of the corn- Y, will insure to them efficient aid in all departments of the knit] i s p erv iee, and they beg leave t o tenderto the proprietors - assurance that no exertion s on their part shall be of th g r , to uphold the property and increase the p ros p erit y Th e oouth-Eastern Company." e then said that he tr usted the report read hwouldid „ne found satisfactory. O n the 24th of February they ad interview with the Brig hton Company, which they es,,,unped would terminate satisfa ctoril y , were it not for the pith determination of the Brigh ton Company to p roceed their Mid-Kent schemes. A copy of the corres tirittlee which passed between the Chairmen of the I:ti"owipanies was read, and it appea red that while both s ei es expressed themselves an xious to come to terms, th was willing to forego the schemes which they them tions.; were promoting. If he were asked why the negotia so„, a t ad not been proceeded with on their part, he should th',. that, as the basis of all negotiation was founded on 80' withdrawal of the Brighton Mid-Kent projects, the `oat h - Eastern Company, finding that this withdrawal would t o Lhe conceded, and esteeming these proje cts, if finished, 045 paying ones, had deemed it prudent to re j ect all !tares while these projects were insisted on. t„,. 4 Snansuiromaxn said that there was one item of expendi- Cesenerally found in the reports of other railways which th e did not find in the South-Eastern Company. lie meant i n amount due to directors for their own services. Were t he directors not paid. or was the omission a clerical error? the The CHAIRMAN said that when the directors undertook management of the railway, they found that it was a Matter of absolute necessity to apply the pruning knife to the salaries of all the officers. The secretary, for instance, was Only allowed 4001. per annum, and the others were propor tionably low. In adopting these reformatory measures, they felt it to be their duty to begin at home, and a resolution Was agreed to that their services should be given gratuitously , limit the position of the company could be made fully satis factory to the proprietors.—(Great cheering.) The CHAIRMAN then moved the adoption of the report, Which having been seconded, was carried unanimously. The CHAIRMAN then proposed .that a dividend of 21s. per share on the paid-up shares be decla red ; of 13s. on the ' h ares created on the 19th of March, 1844 ; and of 7s. 6d. IT:Share on the shares created on the 7th day of November, 1 8 1 4 ; the same to be made payable on the 12th of A p ril, ' 7 . —Carried • eA lex retirin directors, Mr. Martin Luther Pritchard, Mr. el e arer Ra g ndall, and Mr. Henry Lewis Sinai!, were re esiA t o / esolution, expressive of the obligations of the company ses o ?, l-4 Viscount Torrington. moved by Mr. Prasscorr, s ok n qed by Mr. BLISSARD, and supported by Mr. D. SA -138. was carried with acclamation. 0 , 41. L _CliAllistax said the business of the meeting was now p res ,out he could not permit them to separate without ex tioa'lng the thanks of himself and his colleagues for the l h . a nrable confidence they had reposed in them, and he their t o assure them that no effort would be wanting on ts,„, i Part to carry the affairs of the compa n y to a successful • vnation.—(Cheers.) jr• BARLOW moved a vote of thanks to . t he chairman. M Th COLEMAN s econded the motion, which was carried r h unously. e Cnsittatax returned thanks, and the meeting broke up. UGURATION OF HIS ROYAL j IGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT, K.G. , AS CHAN eILLOR, OF CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSIT Y. tT heh er inauguration of his Royal Highne ss Prince Al bert' IC-G., as Chancellor of the Univers it y , will take on Thursday, March 25. t 1 ,1 deputations from the University will consist of the e ,lee-Chancellor, the Heads of Coll o g es, the Ca p ut, . r'-vtora, Registrary, nd the Esquire Bodel. Whe theral; tne members of the Senate in gene ral will attend ( :eremeuy we have not learned. Th eth e ;deputation will proceed to Buckingham Palace at e h flour appointed. At the ceremony the Vice- Ltncellor will address the Chancell or in an En g lish sil , I , 1 ; be will then deliver him the letters patent, Ir e n with the University seal, and also the book of the Oi l . • ersi statute. Chancellor s will then take the oaths of the elle w:le and supremacy, and then t he oath of office, after bleb the Vice-Chancellor, taking him by the right ed, plac es the Chancellor in the chair ; the Public Q t °r will then advance and make a Latin s p eech, after the Chancellor will reply in English. Royal Highness the Chancellor wi ll entertain the :Potation at dinner in the evening.—Cambridge Ad- EXPORTATION OF FISH. forw arded f o ll ow i ng has been received in answer t o a letter w arded by the fish markets of Yarmouth , t o W. Wil lhekere, Esq.,to procure the interference of the Govern ferett t obtain, if possiblerestrict the removal of certain dif tin "ja o i duties, whic the cousumption of her - g 8 on the continent : " Foreign-office, March 4, 1847. Sir.--I am direct( dby Viscount Palmerston, to ac knowledge the receipt of the m emorial, which you h ave, transmitted to him from the fishing owners and 6 cUrers of Great Yarmouth, and its vicinity, praying °r his Lordship's interference with foreign Goverments °II the Continent of Europe, to obtain the removal of certain differential duties which at present restrict the cons um ption of British cured fish, i n those countries ; and lam to inform you that it belongs to the Board of Trade, to consider the matters treated of in the memo ti al transmitted by you, and that Lord Palmerston will happy to pay every attention to any recommends ton which he may receive from that B oard, as to the _est means of attaining the object so u g ht for b y the memorialists. I am, Sir, your most obedient humble " H. U. ADDINGTON. " W. Wilshere, Esq., M.P., 37, Old Bond-street." --- Bitry Herald. The Conde de Montemolin, who has been ele cted ~, .nonorary Member of the British and Fore i g n Institute, nt Thllignified his intention of being present, with his suite , • the Soire e of that Literary Association, to-morrow even. 5.• Friday. ~•r-IXTENSIVE FIRE AT SonAM.—We have just re- C t ed information of an extensive fire at Soham, that nr ,sl out on Monday night last, in Hall-street, on the op -6111,t0 side of the street where the late conflagration burst l R a. V(e can furnish no particulars. —Bury Herald. '',AW•DUST BREAD.—Sir John F. W. lierschell, ts discourse on the study of Natural Philoso p h y , states t at eaw-dust itself is susceptible of conversion into a sub iiniee bearing no remote analogy to bread; and thou . gh cer -41 Y less palatable than that of flour, yet no way disagree • e , and both wholesome and digestible as well as highly e n , NoTE. " See Dr. Prout's account of the experi -18-2-7`a of Professor Autenrieth, of Tubingen. Phil. Trans. "P. 3 80. This discovery, which renders famine next to nb r ; ssible deserves a higher degree of c elebrit y than it has alne d."—The following is the pas.-age in Dr. Prout's eel', to which Sir John Herschel refers:—" To illustrate i n lP,_ ro perties of lignin as an aliment. the only point of view experiments w e h ave to cons id e r it here, I shall briefly quote t he sho wed of Professor Autenrieth, of Tubingen, who red some y ears a g o that by proper nunagernent this 01l ciPle might be rendered capable of forming bread. The thefirst place,h everything h that was soluble in water was re ed by frequent maceration and boiling. The wood 10 7 then reduced to a minute state of division, that is to not merely into fine fibres, but actual powder ; -o,7:nectar being repeatedly subjected to the heat of an Pre • w as ground in the usual manner of corn. Wood thus of pared, according to the author, acquires the smell and taste of , I.ll ,flour. It is, however, never quite cornflour ut always r e ,„ Yellowish colour. It also agrees with in this i u teet_ ; that it does not ferment without the addition of ; and in this case sour leaven of corn-flour is found go answer best. With this it makes a perfectly uniform and niTeui% bread ; and when it is thoroughly baked , and has rust ' it has a much better taste of bread t han w hat cor n. es .,gf scarcity is prepared from the bran and husks of ton..h Wood flour, also boiled in water, forms a thick , k "46 trembling jelly, like that of wheat starch, and which Pet? lluttitioas." - , THE SUN, LONDON, t AITRSDAY MORNING, MARCH 18, 1847. STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, TUESDAY, MARCH 16. There has been an exceedingly dull and depres-ecl market to-day. The demand, both tor - goods and yarn, has been ex tremely limited, and prices are in many cases a shade lower than last week. A considerable number of mills are now entirely stopped, and very few, except those spinning fine numbers, are working Lull time. ROCHDALE, MONDAY, MARCH 15.—There is yet no change for, the better to report in the flannel market ; the demand for goods continuing limited, and prices much the same as last Monday. Wool remains firm in price, but limited in demand. HALIFAX, SATURDAY, MARCH 13.—1 n every depart ment of trade the dullness remains unabated; and our piece hall, to-day, presented but a gloomy appearance. Alike in yarn and manufactured goods, the same depres sion continues, both as regards price and demand. In deed, the situation of the spinner and the manufacturer can scarcely be worse. There is very little doing in any kind of wool, and the prices continue to drop. LEEDS, MARCH 16.—Our market of this day does not present any new feature, and is like that of last week— without animation.—Manchester Guardian. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE 01 COMMONS. Marchlf. The SPEAKER took the Chair at Twelve o'clock. SOUTH-EASTERN RAILWAY. Lord HOTHAM moved, pursuant to notice, that it be an instruction to the Committee on Group No. 1 on railway Bills to entertain the petition of Captain James Ryder Burton (presented the 15th of March) against the South- Eastern (Mid-Kent and Direct Tunbridge Bill) not withstanding the same was not presented three clear days before the first meeting of the Committee thereon. He (Lord Hotham) wished to say a few words with regard to this petition, in order to show that the peti tioner was entitled to have his application referred to the Committee sitting on the South-Eastern and Mid-Kent lines. The applicant possessed a mansion about 150 yards from the turnpike-road, between the two towns of Seven oaks and Dartford, and in the first instance the railway was to pass so close to his house that a part of the paddock was included in the line of deviation. It was how ever arranged that the lire should pass to the west side of the turnpike-road, and consequently Cap tain Burton did not think it necessary to enter any opp sition. The Committee was appointed for the 11th of Mardi, and until a few days before its sitting Captain Burton did not know that the course of the line was again altered, and that it would affect his house. He bad not, therefore, time to present his petition three clear days before the sitting of the Committee, as reluired, and consequently could not enter any opposition. Under sueh circumstances, he hoped that the House would allow it to be an instruction to Group No. 1 to entertain this petition. After a few words from Mr. GREENE, which did not reach the gallery, the motion was agreed to. 14 ER E FOR D AND GLOUCESTER RAILWAY. This Bill was read a second time. EASTERN AND WEST YORKSHIRE RAILWAY. Mr. FINCH presented a petition from several persons on the proposed line against this Bill. SMALL DEBTS BILL. An I I°N • MEMBER presented a petition against the Small Debts Bill. POOR REMOVAL ACT. Mr. CHRISTOPHER presented a petition from Gates head, praying for the repeal of this Act, which stated that the effect of it was to greatly increase the burdens which they had to endure from the poor-rates. INCOME AND ASSESSFD TAXES. Colonel T. WOOD presented a petition from the collectors of the income and assessed taxes, stating that the salaries they received were totally inadequate to the duties which they had to perform, and praying for an increase of re muneration. YORK AND NEWCASTLE RAILWAY. The Bill for this line was read a second tinie. RATING OF TENEMENTS. On the order of the day being moved for the second reading of this Bill, Mr. FERRAND arid that he could not sufficiently express his astonishment at the conduct of any Member of that House who interposed his own Bill before the Committee of the Ten Hours' Factory Bill. The SPEAKER reminded Mr. Ferrand that the motion had not yet been put to the House, and that he was out of order. Mr. FERRAND explained. Mr. SPOON Eli presented a petition from Birmingham and the adjoining parishes, praying that the Bill might not pass, and if it did pass that they e.iglit be exempted Irons its operation. The order of the day having been read, Mr. P. SCROPE said that he trusted the Hon. Member would not press his motion for the second reading of his Bill upon the House, and wished to know whether it was in tended to take the Factories Bill this morning? He was satis fied that the discussion upon the second reading would oc cupy a c insiderable time, for if it were taken he should en deavour to obtain the indulgence of the House,while he stated his reasons for giving his most strenuous opposition. It was well known that there wasgreatobjection in rural districts to the building cottages for the accommodation of the poor, and if this Bill were passed be believed that that disinclination would be very largely increased. He was quite aware that there was a great extent of property not assessed for the re lief of the poor, and he was of opinion that it was very pro perly excused, though that relief amounted, as he be lieved, to some hundreds of thousands of pounds —he could speak of his own knowledge to the amount of more than 100,0001.—he felt assured that it was actually no loss to the country, while it had proved of great benefit to the persons concerned. This Bill proposed to make the landlords re• sponsible for the rates of their tenants, but that would confer no relief whatever, for the landlords would be sure to take their own back again in the state of an increased rental. Ile trusted, therefore, that the Hon. Member would postpone his Bill. Mr. WADDINGTON suggested that the Bill might be read a second time, and go into Committee pro forma. Mr. BROTHERTON wished to see it postponed till after Easter. Mr. WADDINGTON would have no objection to postpone the Bill, bat he had done so last year, and then had never obtained an opportunity of bringing it forward before the end of the session. Sir G. GREY said that if the Hon. Member wished the Bill to be read a second time pro forina, because he had great alterations to propose, and intended to bring it forward in another shape, there could be no objection to that - ctitirse. But if such was not the case, although lie had not the same amount of dislike to the Bill as had been expressed by his Hon. Friend behind him (Mr. P. Scrope), yet the lion. Member must not expect the House and the Government to commit themselves to the principle of such an important Bill as this without a full discussion on the second reading. lie therefore thought that the better plan would be to postpone it. Colonel T. WOOD said that this was a most important Bill for the labouring classes, and ought to be taken to-day. Besides, if this Bill were to be postponed, there was the Juvenile Offenders Bill, which affected a con siderable number of individuals, and he thought therefore that the best plan would be to proceed to the discussion. Mr. CRIITS also thought that the better plan would be at once to proceed with the Bill. Mr. FERRAND was not at all surprised at what had fallen from the Hon. Member who had just s down, for he remembered that he was a strong opponent of the Ten Hours' Bill, and would therefore adopt any course by which it might be delayed. Mr. CRIPPS said that the Hon. Member was quite un warranted in the assertion which he had just made. Mr. FERRAND said that it was by all means advise bie to proceed with the Factories Bill, and if the Rating of Tenements Bill were to be taken, that must be postponed. There WilL: urgent necessity that the Factory Bill should be passed, in some way or other, before Easter; for he could assure the House that unless it was passed, the whole of the manufacturing districts would be in the most intense anxiety respecting it. Ile had, besides, un derstood, that the Wed nesdays were to be give n up to the lion. Member for Old ham until his Bill was finished. Colonel VERNER concurred in the request that the Bill might be postponed. Mr. CRIPPS said that there was an express order of the House, that the orders of the day were to be taken as they sweet on the paper, and important as the Factory Bill was, and he was not at all disposed to underrate its importance, the Rating of Tenements Bill was, in his opini of still greater importance, and affected a larger number of people. It o ug ht. therefore, to take precedence both of the Factory Bill and of the Juvenile Offenders Bill both of which stood after it on the paper. Sir J. PAKINGTON said that he must continue to. feel it his duty to oppose the measure. He thought that it would not he his duty to consent t o t h e p os tponement of the Bill which he had introduced u p on th e subject of the j uvenil e offenders. It was of great importance that the subjecti d should be settled before the ensui ng quarter - sess i o n s e was not, however, dispos e d t o o ff e r any opposition tothe further progre-s of the Factories Bill, and b e w a s quite , willing to consent to the Ju ven il e Offenders Bi ll being-read a second time, sub silentin, arid any discussion that might be raised upon the principle of th e Bill should take p lace on the Bill going into Committee. Colonel SIBTIIORP thought that the most advisable course would be to postpone the consideration of the Fac tories Bill until after Easter. After a few words from Mr. Robert Palmer, Lord J. Man ners, Mr. Dennistoun, and Mr. Newdewate- Sir G. GREY said that he did not 'think it was desirable that any Bill, upon the principle of which diver sityther.evtvhaastaalie of opinion entertained by lion. Members n should be read sub slientio as proposed by the Right Hon' Baronet (Sir J. Pakington). seed a second Mr. HENLEY objected to the Bill being time sub silent* as the magistrates of quarter-sessions of io ,l n would o t u h ld e conceive that the House had adopted the Principle Bill. Mr. B. ESCOTT thought that if the Bills were to be discussed, they ought to be discussed atoncene.tio.lie would oppose the proposition to read the Bills sob si b l unfair that t Mr. MILES thought that it was nost opponents of the Factories Bill should morioP oliee, by their ro pe P time of every - position, the whole of the W e dnesday. lie did not think that even if the Factories Bill werebr,(omingghttohnt,otuhgaht there would be the smallest chance of its C o mmittee that day, or even in the present session. There was a vast quantity of notices on the paper with respect to that Bill, which would occupy a vast amount of time. After a few words from Mr. GREENE, the gallery was cleared for a division. On our return to the gallery we found that no division had taken place, but that Mr. BRIGHT had moved the adjournment of the debate. Mr. WILLIAMS thought it would be better if the dis cu;siiro. n onbooth Bills were deferred till after Easter. WARD concurred in that recommendation. A P. n con versation then ensued on the question of proceeding or adjourning , w h en strangers Were again o r d ere d t o with draw, and the House divided, when there appeared— For the adjournm ent Against .........Majority 39 ajoritY ........... —4B JUVENILE OFFENDERS... Mr. WAKLEY considered that the y ou ght to proceed n d e u d ty for to a fortnight. move that w ith the Factories B ill without loss of time, a n d i n order that they might d o so at once, he felt it hispo th e second reading of this Bil l be post Mr. FERRAN D seconded the motion. The House then divided, when there appeared-- For the motion 93 Against it majority ..................... 64 FACTORIES BILL. ......... Lord JOHN RUSSELL presented a petition from master spinners and m anufacturers in favour of thi s Bill , s i gned by 39 4 firms in Lancashire and Yorkshire, making, in addition to those signing petitions already presented, 922 distinct firms. The petitioners stated that ten hours was the dura tion of labour in their occupation, and that the reduction of the hours of labour of children and women in factories would be attended with the best results. They were of opinion, however, that the hours of work in factories could only be reduced by a legislative enactment like the Ten Hours' Bill. Mr. BRIGHT wished to ask the Noble Lord if those who had signed the petition were millowners, u s i ng and working them by fteam , or merely Persons machines, working by hand in their own houses? Lord J. RUSSELL replied that the petition had only been put into his bands that morning, and that he was not aware whether those who had signed did or did not work by steam power. They were mill-owners, and there could, therefore, be little doubt. but that they were owners of machinery, and worked it by the aid of steam. Mr. favour] t DUNCOMB the Bill. E and Mr. WAL LEr presented petitions in Mr. BRIGHT presented a petition from a number of persons who worked cotton and worsted by water power, and also were in the habit of working their m ill s twelve hours ' a day, against the Bill. They stated that the Ten Hours' Bill would render that power useless for two hours a day less titan heretofore, by restricting its use to ten hours a day, that this would be a grievous loss to them, and praying the House not to pass the measure. Mr. FIELDEN presented a large number of petitions in favour of the Bill from various places in the manufacturing districts, the names of which, from the low tone in which the lion. Gentleman spoke, we were unable to catch. On the motion for going into Committee on the Bill, Mr. DENNISTOUN rose to bring forward the motion of which he had given notice, that the House should not resolve itself into a Committee until this day fortnight. He said, notwithstanding the violent denunciations of the Hon. Gen tleman, the Member for lilare-sborough (Ur. Fenno), THE DRAINAGE AMENDMENT ACT. The following is an abridgment of the Bill introduced by Sir George Grey and the Lord Advocate, for the purpose of explaining and amending the Act passed last session authorising the advance of money for the im provement of land by drainage in Great Britain:- 1. That the following may he included among the ex penses of works of drainage, in respect of which ad vances may have been made under the previous Act— namely, the expense of making an ()Haan through other land, or such part as the Commissioners may think rea sonable; the expense of making open drains and water courst s, including such open drains and water-courses as may need frequent repair; and the expense of fencing, trenching, and clearing the surface of the land to be drained, for the purpose of converting the same from waste or pasture into arable or tillage land, where it may be necessary to secure and render productive the pro posed improvement by drainage; provided that it shall appear to the Commissioners that in all such cases afore said, the works will effect an improvement in the yearly value of the land, which will exceed the utmost yearly amount which can be charged thereon under the said Act in respect of the advance applied for. 2. That where, by the said Act, the plan, estimate, and specification of the proposed drainage is required to ' be inspected or examined by, and to he annexca to, the report of the assistant-commissioner, or surveyor, or engineer, unless the commissioners shall otherwise di rect, to inquire into and to embody in his report such pariculars of the land proposed to be drained, and of the proposed manner of effecting the drainage, and of the estimated expenses, as shall appear to him sufficient to enable the commissioners to judge of the expediency of an advance in respect of the proposed works; and that it shall be lawful for the commissioners to certify their opinion that an advance should be made in respect of any works, notwithstanding any deviation from the proposed manner of effecting the drainage, if such deviation Abell appear to be expedient, and productive of improvement. 3. That all parties who shall have made applications for advances under the said Act may at any time, be fore provisional certificates shall have been issued, by writing addressed to the commissioner, withdraw or re duce the amount of the advances for which their several applications are made. 4. That where separate applications shall have been made by the same owner for several advances for the drainage of several lands, or where successive applica tions shall have been made for an advance, and a further advance for works of drainage on the same lands, it shall be lawful for the commissioners (with the consent of the owner for the time being of such lands). by their pro visional certificate, to declare such applications to be consolidated and treated as one application, after notice is given by advertisement, the same as under an appli cation for an advance. 5. That where a provisional certificate has been issued under the said Act, it shall be lawful for the commis sioners to certify to the Commissioners of the Treasury that an advance on account shall be made in respect of any part of the proposed works which shall have been actually executed, not. exceeding in amount the whole of the sum then actually expended thereon. 6. That no provisional certificate shall be issued under the said Act, unless it shall be shown to the satisfaction of the commissioners, or security be given to their satis faction by the party applying for the advance, that the works for which the advance is to be made may be com pleted within the period of three years; arid provided that, if it shall appear to the commissioners that the completion of the works within the time mentioned is impracticable, it shall be lawful to the commissioners to allow such further time as they shall think reasonable, not exceeding two years. 7. That certificates and provisional certificates under the said Act may be made in such form as the commis • sioners shall think fit; and every such certificate and provisional certificate respectively, when sealed with the seal of the commissioners, shall be conclusive evidence that all the applications and acts whatsoever have been made and done by the persons authorised to make and do the same, and that an advance may be issued by virtue of such certificate, and that the land shall become charged in respect of such advance. 8. That any owner of land to whom a provisional cer tificate shall have been issued under the said Act, or any subsequent owner of such land, may assign such provi sional certificate, by way of security, to any person who may have advanced, or may agree to advance, moneys for the execution of the works therein mentioned; and such assignee shall be entitled to claim and receive such advances as the owner by whom the assignment shall have been made might have claimed and received in case such assignment had not been made. MUSICAL MEMORANDA. PHILHARMONIC. —It had been arranged, previous to the rehearsal on Saturday, to commence the Philhar monic Concert with an overture, and conclude it with a symphony ; but we believe that the plan heretofore acted upon will still be adhered to—Haydn's symphony, "La Reine de France," will open the performance ; Beethoven's symphony, No. 1 (in C), will occupy the place of honour, at the commencement of the second part ; and the same composer's " Leonora" will finish the concert. Miss Kate Loder will play a pianoforte concerto, by Weber, in the first part ; and Sainton a violin concerto by Mendelssohn, in the second. ANCIENT CONCERTS.—A second change has taken place in the arrangement of the Queen's Concerts of Ancient Music. In consequence of an expectation that the installation of his Royal Highness Prince Albert, will take place at Cambridge, from the 3d to the Bth of July, the eighth Ancient Concert will not take place until the 14th of that month; and the Messiah will be performed on the 21st, so that the commencement week, &c, will be clear of any musical performance of consequence in London. Madame Lecoy's concert at the Castle Assembly Rooms, Richmond, on Thursday evening, was extremely well attended by a highly fashionable and genteel au dience. The vocalists were Caradori Allan, Madame Lecoy, and Madame F. Lablache, Signor F. Lablacne, and John Parry. The Diqin family perforated on the Sax horns. Negri and Chaulicu conducted, and all went off excellently. SUSsEx HALL.—A concert was given on Saturday evening, which attracted about 700 persons. Several songs, duet..., trios, &c., were successfully sung by Misses Poole, Isaacs, %Vortham, Barwick, and Sara Flower ; Messrs. Sporle, Robinson, F. Smith, Percival, and John Parry, and the encores were n u merous. Director, Mr. W. C. Percival. Conductor. Mr. F. Smith. The Glee Club dined on Saturday at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, when seve-ral very fine compositions in parts:were well sung; and Bishop's charming glee, " Blow, gentle gales," was loudly encored, the upper parts being well sung by Mr. Turle's pupils. REVIEW of THE BRITISH CORN TRADE. No particular alteration has taken place in the position of the Wheat trade during the week ; the demand for France has not diminished, nor has there been any falling off in the inquiry for the article on Irish account. Meanwhile the deliveries from the farmers have become less liberal than heretofore ; and the consequence has been a steady and progressive rise in prices. Speculators having fur some time past kept aloof, there has not been any great excitement ; still the coutinued shipments to Ireland, and the more recent exports to France, are beginning to tell on our stock , , and from present appearances. we are inclined to think that the granaries at the diff,Tent maritime ports will be pretty well cleared bef ire the spring shipments from the Baltic can come to hand. The arrivals from America have for several weeks been on a much more moderate scale than had been calculated on, which may, however, have been partly caused by the prevalence of easterly winds. Even at Liverpool the receipts have been moderate of late, and the quantity of Flour shipped from that port to the sister isle has exceeded the quantity received. Till within this week or two the deliveries from this growers have been liberal, but latterly a falling off has taken place in the supplies. This has no doubt been partly caused by the necessity of employing all hands in the preparation of the soil; but at the same time it is fair to inter that the previously large supplies have so far thinned the stack yards as to render farmers somewhat indifferent about making further sales, more particularly as the aspect of the autumn-sown NN , heat is not very favourably spoken of. The weather has certainly been very trying ; and though we do not attach much importance to the ap pearance of the plant at this early period, still the severity of the recent frost must, to say the least, cause a backward spring, and militate against any early harvest. The most serious matter is, however, the shortness of stocks, not only in this country, but over the greater part of Europe ; and that alone will, in our opinion, prevent low or even moderate prices until another harvest shall have been secured. The Wheat trade has, as already intimated, been firm without being lively ; and the advance in quotations at the leading provincial markets held since Monday has not been very important. Whilst the trade has remained in a comparatively quiet state at the leading consuming t owns, a good deal of excitement has prevailed at the shipping ports on the east coast, in consequence of the appearance of buyers from France ; and Wheat has brought nearly as high prices in Lincolnshire as it would have realised at Mark lane. Many of the large steam-mills are still employed grinding meal for Ireland; and less Flur therefore, being manufactured than usuel.—liarko-lane Express. NORFOLK RAILWAY ADATTOI I I,..--,.. Trowse sta tion, an abattoir, consisting of two sets of slaughter-houses, has been built and fitted up with every accommodation and convenience for slaughtering 100 beasts and 300 sheep daily. The buildings and yards are enclosed within high brick wails, and the yard has been divided into compartments or pens for the beasts and sheep. Adjoieing the slaughter house there is a large tank, above a brick structure, to supply water. Close to the open end of the houses there is a siding from and to the railway, on which the trucks run to be loaded with carcases. The directors intend to let both sets of slaughter-houses, either separately or together.— Norfolk Ch, onicte. FREEMASONRY.—We regret to state that the mo tion for a grant of One Thousani Pounds to the famishing poor in Ireland and Scotland, by the Grand Lodge of Eng- ' laul, could not be brought on at the Grand Lodge, held on the 3d inst., at Freemasons' Hall, by reason that the hour for entertaining new motions had eiapse.l. Surely in a case like this, where lives of millions are at stake, a standing order might have been suspended. The meeting was most numerous (upwards of four hundred), and success was cer tain. We presume it will be brought under consideration at the next Grand Lodge. PLANTING POTATOES.—The planting of potatoes in the neighbourhood of Newlyn is now becoming very general, and the plan of first immersing the potato in a liquid compounded of two ingredients, viz., one quart of coal-tar with five quirts of water, has been adopted by many; while some few have still adhered to the old one of placing them under a good layer of common manure.—Falmouth Packet. The night train of the Tours Railway was delayed eight hours on Wednesday in consequence of a vast quantity of snow having !alien between Meting and Orlc ans. l'he snow was so compact that two locomOtiTes t COuld not force their Tray through it. LIGHTHOUSES. A RETURN by the Corporation of Trinity House of Deptford Strsnd, showing whether they have adopted the recommendation of the Select Committee on Lighthouses, in the use of Culza or Rapeseed Oil, instead of Sperm Oil, and what saving of expense has accrued therefrom ; and also whether they have made any and what reduction in the Light Dues charged by them. RAPESEED OIL. The attention of the Corporation of the Trinity House had been drawn to rapeseed oil as a substitute for sper maceti oil ; and trials of its qualities, with the object of introducing it into use at their lighthouses and light vessel:, had been directed to be made prior to the sitting f the Select Committee on Lighthouses, in 1845. Suit able arrangements for the burning of this oil have since been made, and are continued as opportunities present themselves ; and its use will probably become general at the lighthouse and light-vessel stations in England. The quantity which was contracted for and supplied in the spring of 1846 was thirty tons, being so much, or nearly so, in diminution of the contract quantity of sperm oil; the respective contract prices being, for rapeseed oil, 3s. 9d. per imperial gallon—spermaceti oil, 6s. 4d. per im perial gallon. It must not, however, be supposed, that the whole difference in the price per imperial gallon is actually saved, because the quantity of rapeseed oil celsumed very considerably exceeds that of spermaceti oil, if the flame in the lamp be maintained as it should be, at the maximum of its power. The time which has elapsed since the use of this oil has been extended has not been sufficient to show conclusively what the excess of consumption will be in practice ; but the present re sults induce the expectation that it will be very consi derable and there do not at this time appear any certain grounds for supposing that the difference can be mate rial ty reduced. In the mtumn of 1845, the Board referred the in vestigation of the power and qualities of the light pro duced from the combustion of this description of oil to Professor Faraday ; and the following valuable and interesting observations, having reference to the question of consumption, are extracted from his consequent report, dated the 911 i of October of that year, viz.:— [Here follows a scientific disquisition of the compara tive merits, tested by experience, on the consumption, within a given time, of Tape and sperm oils.] LIGHT DUTIES. The Corporation of Trinity House have not reduced their light duties since the report of the Select Committee of the Honourable the House of Commons on Light houses of 1845. The subject has, nevertheless, received due attention on their part ; anti although they are per suaded that the expectation that relief would be afforded to the shipowner by the reduction of those dues would not be realised, the Elder Brethren admit the principle, that it is desirable that the charges on shipping should not be unnecessarily large; and they trust that the state of the Corporation's finances will justify them in submit ting propositions for the reduction or modification of their light and buoyage dues, for the sanction of her Majesty in Council, in the course of the present year. J. HERBERT, Secretary. Trinity House, London, Jan. 26, 1847. RECRUITING IN GLASGOW. A FEMALE RECRUIT. Last Saturday the East India Company's recruiting sergeant, stationed here, was applied to by a splendid looking young fellow to be admitted as a recruit. Con gratulating himself on his good luck, the sergeant led the way to the rendezvous, where the recruit was found to be 5 ft. 51 in. in height. The chest and legs were examined as usual, though the worthy sergeant con sidered this proceeding quite unnecessary in this instance, and performed this part of his duty very cursorily. A bystand-r's eyes were, however, sharper than the deluded sergeant's, for he saw, while the chest was being looked at, that the would-be recruit was—a female! To avoid a closer examination, she at once confessed her sex, while the disappointed sergeant stood by in gaping astonishment. She said her name was Anne M‘Lean, IS years of age ; was a native of Ireland, though of Scotch parents, who were poor, and that after their death she had found it difficult to obtain a livelihood. Being stout and hardy, thought she might pass for a boy : came to Cork, engaged as a sailor, and went two voyages to the West Indies. On her return, in November last, got employment for three weeks in a factory in Glasgow, but did not like the confinement. Subsequently was employed about the Broomielaw as a coal porter, and also at Pollokshaws in field labour. Having a brother in the East India Company's service. thought she would go there also, and was much disappointed when discovered. She bus cousins in Glasgow. and generally passed her self off as her younger brother, an. was never even sus pected before. She has altogether a manly look ; and dreysed out in corduroy jacket, moleskin trowers, blue bonnet, striped shirt, and hob nailed shoes, the masculine gentler could not be doubted. To avoid suspicion, she smokes, and can take her glass of whisky or porter like her would be fellows. Her voice is rather shrill, and is the only weak point in her assumed character. She left the soldier., saying she would endeavour to get work on the railways as a " navvie!" This true tale serves to confirm the old adage "that truth is sometimes stranger than fiction."—Scotch Reformers' Gazette. THE GANG OF CORN STEALERS IN KENT.—At the Rochester Quarter Sessions, held on Saturday, before James Espinasse, Esq., Recorder. Mathew Burgess and Charles Smith. two of the men implicated in the extensive robberies which have been recently committed in various parts of the Western Division of Kent, were brought to trial, together with Robert Jenkins, charged with being an accessory after the tact. The trial occupied the greater part of the day. Mr. Rose and Mr. Russell appeared for the prosecution ; Mr. Addison defended the prisoner Smith and Burgess, and Mr, T. Hills attended on behalf of the prisoner Jenkins. Barns and granaries around the neighbourhood of Rochester had re cently been robbed to a considerable extent, access to which had been obtained by means of skeleton keys, 24 of which were found in the possession of one of the prisoners, and an inquiry being set on foot, it was found that small quantities of cornl . Bd at various times been sold to Stephen Charlton, a corn factor, at Strood, by William Gilbert, who has ab sconded. The case was clearly proved against the prisoners Smith and Burgess, and they were sentenced to seven years' transportation. Jenkins, through whose instrumentality the principal offender, Gilbert, has for the present escaped, was sentenced to six months' imprisonment with hard labour. We regret to have to announce the death of the Baroness Frederica, wife of George Traherne Thomas, Esq and only daughter of the late Baron de Hildprant, of Blattna and Slabez, in the kingdom of Bohemia, who died at Prague on the Ist instant, three days after giving birth to a daughter. The Great Western Railway has made a very good regulation in respect to passengers' luggage. In addition to the label showing the destination of the luggage, a ticket with the initial letter of the passenger's name is also pasted on it, and the luggage is sorted alphabetically, so that when a passenger goes to Paddington, supposing his name is Brown, he has only to go to a bin marked B, and find his luggage at once. ROMANTIC ADVENTURE OF A CHILD—John Dun can, the son of a respectable working man in Liverpool, having been in Scotland for a few weeks last summer, with his mother and the rest of the family. con tracted a strong attachment for the locality and the friends with whom he resided. Upon his return home he fre quently requested his parents to consent to his return, and latterly became so importunate, that he had to be chastised in order to drive the notion from his mind of going to Scotland. Within the last few weeks, unknown to his family, he had accumulated a small stock of bread and money ; and on Monday last he might have been seen with two companions, directing their course towards the Cla rence Dock, inquiring in the language of our hero for the " Stot-land boat." Upon their arrival at the place of emb irkation all the glowing pictures of the land of cakes failed to induce his less courageous companions to go on board, but undaunted, the child went alone, without companion or guardian, a child seven years of age, with the Commodore, bound for Glasgow and Greenock. From the last-men tioned port he had a further sea voyage to perform of twenty miles. In a lonely and mountainous district in the Island of Bute, upwards of 250 miles from the gas-lighted streets of his native Liverpool, our little voyageur in the grey of even ing approached the object of all his longings. a small farm house, the inmates of which were gathering round the cheerful fireside, when a knock was heard at the door. When opened, they found, to their astonishment, their little Saxon favourite of the previous summer, cold, wearied, and hungry; he received a truly Highland welcome, and soon forgot the toils and dangers of his perilous journey. He breakfasted on the banks of the Mersey on Monday morn ing, and on Tuesday night he slumbered in the land of the Celt. Such is the romance of steam. Liverpool Journal. THE SOUTH DEVON LINE.—ATMOSPHERIC TRAC T iow.—During the last few days various trials have been m ade on the South Devon line , to test the capabilities t of the a atmosp h e ric mode of traction, and in every ins result has been m ost satisfactory. These experiments the h ave aroused much curi osit y —indeed, the " Atmospheric"'cr't presents rather a novel appearance; and in the minds of msny who have been unable to think of a train unless accompanied by a locomotive engine, with the curling mass of steam and smoke marking its progress, it has excited no little wonder and surprise. To the spectator it seems to glide on without any apparent motive power; and the speed to which it attains is already very considerable, more than a mile having been done, in some instances, in one minute. It must be reco llected, however, that these experi ments are now only preparatory, and no criterion as ' to what will be achieved when the conditio extensive It im a s chinery is brought into good working n. generally thought by scientific me th a t is when the Atmo spheric is carried below Newton (where iunderstood the pipes will be larger) a speed w ill be obtained, averaging eighty miles per hour. The determined perseverance of the board of directors merits approbation for thus endeavouring to carry out, in spite of every difficulty, a system which in truth seems at present to comprehend what the public re- T b body motherso f quires—a mode of travelling Which combines economy with velocity and safety.—Devonport Independent. of another ch in ild a wra S p U p S ed PE u C p TED INFANTICIDES.—On Wednesday morn ing,strt e thet. a male child was found in Brooks-street, wasb u n discoveredl , a haven and on the tituh ase as; et tr e i vi)mye b in een morning, the 0 , d t gv h se e wr d b a t o .e d_ r y . Liverpool v against those who opposed this Bill, he should not would, by shortening the hours of labour, give be deterred from bringing forward his motion, and of stating them the opportunity nen of attending on Sunday-schools, be reasons which led him to do so, together with the , of which, from w ol e v ar t ier i l e and jaded by their weekly reasons why he could not agree to the Bill ; but at the same ' labour, they could n g ot so n time he must disclaim any intention of wishing to defeat this Bill, then, they would largelybeay'eryad‘. ant ag e. By advancing passing tho the measure by any factitious opposition. He should not, at i morality of the peopl e , f or th ey would be affording to those the moment the House was about to rise, at six o'clock, ' young persons the o pp or t un i ty for acqrtiringdontes-tichaits, N t also nova an amendment, as had been done in the former and thus not only e njo y a great bee discussions of the measure.—(Hear, hear.) When he enable them to confer benefit s on others.tit themselves, Then, with thbu regard tooked at the history of the various proceedings which had to wages, the Right lion. Baronet, the Member for Tamworth, taken place on the subject of a Ten Hours' Bill, he was for- i had indulged in a long disquisition on the effect which this eibly.led to the conclusion that Hon. Members had but a very I reduction of time would have upon wages • ' but a greater fal faint comprehension of the measure. He had taken the trouble 1 lacy had never been put bef ore an ntell p ig e e o n p t le aassembly.to look t hrough" Hansard ;" h e there found that three years ago 1 That Right lion. Member had en t ere d into a calculation to I when they divided o n th e T en H ours ' Bill introduced by Lord show, that, by this reduction, the working would be Ashley, that the number s were 186 to 183, and on the obtaining two holidays instead of one; but the fa ct v was Twelve Hours' Bill (as we u n d er sto o d the Hon. Gentleman) I that they were absolutely working s even d ays a the numbers were—for the Bill, 183, and against it 181. I instead of six ; and the whole of the calculation on the redue- Shortly after a Bill of the same class—a Ten I tion of the wages,by a sixteen per cent. income-tax, fell to the Hours' Bill—was introduced, and the same House ground. By a reference to the work of Mr. Porter, it w ou ld of Commons, who had decided against a Twelve ;be found that wages always bore a relative amount, not to Hours' Bill, voted against this Bill by an overwhelm- I the time of the worker, but to the importance of the business ing majority of 297 to 159. And now the supporter , tof the which he had to perform, and he (Mr. Finch) was prepared measure had increased from 159 to 195, whilst the number ito show that, according to the evidence of expe of opponents of the measure had been reduced from 297 to ! rience, the reduction of the hours of labour would 87 ; therefore, it appeared to him, that the House had not aI in no way affect the rate of wages. The Right very detruite notion of the question. Then he declared that I Honourable Baronet had talked of giving the people cheap the title of the Bill was a dishonest one, as it was termed a I =non, cheap bread, and cheap beef; but this hed better be lett "Bill for limiting the hours of labour of young Ito the people themselves, who, if they were allowed sufficient persons and females in factories." He therefore wished ' opportunity, would be able to take care of their own interests to put this question to those who had charge in these matters without the intervention of the Legislature. of the Bill : " Will the Bill not also affect the .In America the manufacturers did not suffer by limiting the labour of adults—of men ?" They must know that if they I hours of labour, and in point of machinery, coals, and capital, limited the hours of children and females to ten hours a day, . they were in a much worse position than the manufacturers that the men would be prevented from working more than lof this country. He had no hesitation in saying that the ten hours a day. They could not work without their aid, manufacturers of this country would have as much work and therefore they must suspend their labour at the same done by working ten hours a day as by working twelve time. He a lid, ther e f o re, th a t the Bill was nothing more hours, and Ii hoped the House would carry the Bill as a than " a delusion, a mockery, and a snare," as it could Ten Hours' Bill. not fail to have the effect he had pointed out. lie was Mr. AGLIONBY said that the principle of the Bill had not one of those who admitted that former legisla- been debated over and over again, and been decided upon tion had been beneficial. They had lately interfered with by the House. lie did not think it necessary, there regard to children, and the result of that interference was, fore, to take up the time of the House ' but would im that at the present moment there was not employed in plore them to go at once into Committee. The Scotland one single young person under the age of thir- Hon. Member for Glasgow had stated no adequate reason teen. He wished to know if it had in any way pro- for postponing the Bill for a fortnight, and he hoped his pro moted their interest. On the contrary, he had in his position would be rejected. lie thought it better therefore possession an advertisement, inserted in a Glasaow paper, to proceed with the question at once, and any amendments calling a meeting to take into consideration the lamentable Hon. Members wished to make could be discussed in Com condition of the children who infested the streets of this, the mittee. second city in the empire. All illegitimate interference with Lord J. RUSSELL agreed with the Hon. Gentleman who labour on the part of the Government was, in his opinion, had just spoken that the best course for them to adopt would most objectionable. They had interfered in favour of the be to go into Committee at once. Had he had an opportu agriculturists by their abolition of the corn-laws. They had nit.y of stating his opinions before the House rose when the interfered in favour of the shipping interest by the navigation- question was last under consideration, he would have made laws. In the West Indies, their sugar duties were interfering some remarks on the general question. It was with them, and, again, there were the enormous duties they not, however, the fault of the opponents of had imposed upon silk. He would ask the House who had the measure that he had not had that opportunity. been the parties? Who had come there year after year (as The Honourable Gentleman who spoke towards the close an Hon. Gentleman opposite had expressed it) whining for of the evening, had been carried away by his argument, protection, but those very parties on whose behalf they had and was in consequence induced to prolong his speech till attempted to interfere? They had not only interfered with nearly six o'clock. He was quite willing to forego the oppor protection but they were now about to interfere with the tunity he had at present to enter into the question, and rights of those who had never before asked anything at he did so for the purpose of preventing delay and the hands of that House. lie had been very much struck avoiding a fresh debate. The House had pronounced with the mode in which the Right lion. Member for its opinion on the measure twice—first, on the second Tamworth put the case a, affecting wages, but he had very reading of the Bill; and, secondly, on going into Committee. much understated the case. He said that their interference He took the question, then, as decided, and he thought it far would be equal to an income-tax of 12 per cent. on wages, better for them to go into Committee at once, when any but it was in reality equal to an income-tax of 16* per cent., amendment the Hon. Member for Glasgow, or any other and more than that, for when they placed an income-tax on Hon. Member, might propose, could be discussed. He all property above 1501., they did riot, at the same time, tie thought his Hen. Friend who had spoken last had made a the hands of all the parties who were liable to it. On mistake with regard to the proposition which he stated as the contrary, it was only an inducement for further having been made by the masters, and that it could not exertion and more determined energy to make up for be regarded with sincerity, inasmuch as it was made at the that loss. They were not only putting a tax. of five- eleventh hour. He ( Lord John Russell) thought that so far fold upon the labourer, but they at the same time tied his from its being a proposition of the manufacturers, it was a hands, and said that no powers of his should be exerted be- proposition of ono gentleman—(Cries of " Three ")—engaged yond ten hours of labour. That was neither more nor less in the cotton manufacture , . He thought it, therefore, uu than a boon to their foreign competitors. He did think that fair to charge them with bringing forward the question of the House she uld be more cautious before it gave in to a relays, or of introducing it at the eleventh hour. He notion, which he knew was very prevalent, that this thought it quite unnecessary to discuss that propo country, in its manufacture of cotton, was infallible in its sition now, and considered that the best course for supremacy. and that no foreign nation could touch them. He the House to adopt would be to go at once into believed that a more fatal delusion never went abroad ; and he Committee. It was true that great anxiety and great ex might say that the trade of a country once gone, was gone for pectations were felt on the subject, and he trusted they would ever. Let the House look at the manufactures of Flanders. lose no further time. What was the situation of Bruges and Ghent? At one time Mr. FOX MAULS said, when the Hon. Gentleman got up they possessed the whole manufacture of lace. They and used arguments for not delaying the further consideration had lost it, and had never since been able to of the Bill, he thought he should refrain from introducing recover the loss. They might say that there topics in his speech, which would have the effect orgiving rise men had not the industry and energy of those of this coun- to argument. The Hon. Member for Cockermout h stated that try, but they stood nearly equal to this country in the menu- the object of the amendment was to cause farther delay, facture of cotton. What was the state of the cotton trade and that the minds of its advocates were so fully made up, towards the close of the last century, and he might say towards that it was quite useless to make any proposition to them the close of the war? Why, this country possessed almost to forego the Ten Hours' Bill, and, secondly, that the propo the entire manufacture of cotton, but, from one cause sition now made was not a hood fide one, inasmuch or another, competition had gradually sprung up, so as it was made at the eleventh hour.—(bear, hear.) that, at the present moment, in the article of The parties who had made this proposition were not only cotton, instead of being the sole manufacturers, their foreign honourable men in their calling, but also gentlemen who had rivals managed exactly to compete with them ; that was done all they could to carry out in their manufactories the to say, that they manufactured the same amount of cotton, provisions of the Factories Bill. and they were encroaching upon this country at a great Mr. AGLIONBY said—Directly the opposite. rate. There were many causes for that. They had great Mr. FOX MAULE—Then his ears never so mistook any water power and less cost of the raw material, but they were thing which had ever been stated in that House. He thought about to step in and make an artificial restriction, which that the proposition showed something like a desire upon the would act as a boon to that country. He had part of the masters to meet the wishes of the men ; and he got a statement of the usual hours worked by thought it desirable to secure the seining co-operation of five of their chief competitors, America, France, both masters and operatives in carrying out the provisions of Prussia, Switzerland, and the Tyrol. They worked upon the Factories Bill, should such pass into a law. If good the average 14 per cent. more than this country. But, said feeling were not established between the masters and opera the Noble Lord, they could not refer to America, because he tires the greatest mischiefs would result from the passing understood that during six weeks or two months they bad of the proposed measure. holidays allowed to them. He would then strike out America Mr. AGLIONBY rose to explain. He denied having altogethenwhich worked 13 per cent. more than thiscountry, made any reflection whatever on the character or conduct and there remained still an advantage of 14 per cent. in favour pursued by any manufacturers with respect to this measure. of the remaining countries. They proposed to add 16 per Mr. BROWNE thought that by passing this measure au cent. more to that advantage, making 30 per cent. in their injury would be inflicted upon the country, equal in its ex favour. But, if they looked at it in another point of view, tent to that produced by Louis XIV. upon France, by the the magnitude of the interest involved in this country was banishment of skill and labour from that country, wit& the something enormous. Let them see what was the money cruelty inflicted upon the operatives themselves would be of value of the manufactures of this country? He should take the most serious and alarming kind. It was an undeniable It at the moderate estimate which he had put, namely, proposition, that a few hour's employment would be remune -119,000,000. Now, it they struck off one-sixth of rated by low wages only. The present measure proposed to , that amount ; they would strike off nineteen millions per rob the poor man of all the capital which he possessed, viz., cent. How would that effect the export trade? lie believed his labour, and he should therefore feel it his duty to oppose that the great bulk of it would come into other hands, and if the further progress of the measure. their exports did increase to nineteen millions, or in what - Mr. P. BORTHWICK opposed the amendment. The object ever proportion they increased, be would wish to know what of the amendment appeared to him to have been proposed for would become of their imports, and what would become of the purpo,e of obstructing the progress of a measure which the enormous amount of trade they would be compelled to hal virtually received the sanction of the House. forego. He thought that the lateßlinistry had well and pro- Mr. BRIGHT wished to make a few observations with perly resisted this infraction, and, in point offset, the present respect to the petition which had been presented by the Government, although the Noble Lord at the head of it was Noble Lord at the head of the Government. Some time ago not opposed to it, those who were at the present time more a memorial was presented to the Noble Lord and his col- perfectly responsible for the finances of the country were in leagues, signed by nearly 400 master spinners largely en oppo -ition to it. What di.! the Chancellor of the Excite- gaged in the cotton trade , representin,!, he might say, five s , five quer say ? There was no man in that House more opposed sixths of the capital inverted in that trade, and employing over to the views of the promoters of this measure. What said , 120,000 persons; but the Noble Lord, he was sorry to say, the late Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Right Hon. ' did not accede to the proposition which it contained. B u t, Member for Cambridge, and what said the one before today, be had presented a petition in favour of the Bill, him, the Right lion. Member for Portsmouth? What which he stated was signed by manufacturers in Lancashire, said Lord Monteagle and Lord Ripon? Why they were all York, Chester, and Derby. Time first name in the petition opposed to it. The Secretary of the Board of Trade, Lord was that of the brother of the Hon. Gentleman the Member Clarendon, the Secretary for Ireland, and the former Presi- for Oldham, to which no one could object. Next came dent of the Board of Trade—every one of those, with a regard the names of several persons who were stated to reside in for tire finances of the country, were diametrically opposed Rochdale; but, with the exception of about twelve, he w as to it. Notwithstanding all that array of authority they had in a condition to say that he never had the felicity of know determined to proceed. At all events, those opposed to ing that they were spinners. One signed himself John the measure would have done their duty in warning Scholefield, a flannel manufacturer, who stated that he en-l ed six persons.—(" Ilea', hear," from Mr. Ferran t i ) the House of what in their opinion would be tire inevitable 1 ,10 3 . result. On them alone would rest the responsibility. H e another ' Josh. Wild, of Great Bolton, waste dealer, who em would make a short statement with regard to the amend- ployed four persons; but the majority of theta employed m e nt as proposed to her Majesty's Government. lie h a d no more than two persons, and but few of theta employed given the subject his best attentions, and he must three. Some of them signed themselves grocers and say that it appeared to him, as he would show, a drapers. At any rate the majority of those who had signed very feasible one. His only objection was that the the petition had little or no connexion with steam-power, House was going too far, because, in point of fact, they or in the capital invested in machinery, or any of were to admit the principle of the ten hours those trades which the Bill was proposed - to affect. He altogether as applied to the number of hours to be wrought complained that such a petition had been presented by the in a week or in a year. The advocates of this measure said Prime Minister, because a petition presented by one in that that no female or young person should work more than 59 high office carried with it much authority. Perhaps not hours in a week. He took that principle, and agreed with one-hundredth part of the capital invested in the cottons arid it—all that he asked was that they should concede that other trades was represented by them. Either the Noble which appeared to hint to be the principle of the Bill. Lord must have been at a great loss for supporters, or he had That they should be allowed to work during the been grossly deceived ; certainly it did not convey the views three clays as much as twelve hours at a time of those engaged in that trade. He also complained that the binding themselves not to work during two con: Noble Lord had not discussed the principle of the Bill. On sccutive days more than twenty hours—that was twelve the first occasion he WAS asked to discuss it, but he declined hours one day and eight hours on the succeeding day. Their to do so; he was in the second stage sought to do so, but he object was to be allowed to work their machinery d u ring three again declined. Now they were about going into Corn days for twelve hours, so that by a system o f re l a y s the pro- mittee he still adhered to his resolution not to speak. ductive powers of the country would not be trenched upon. He should not complain of this if the Noble Lord were not at If that point were conceded it would meet their views almost the head of the Government. lie admired his talents and to the letter. That was a fair proposal, and they would do his courage, and he, and those on that site of the House who well at once to agree to it. He called upon the House, how- felt disposed to support the Noble Lord's Government, felt ever, to delay the measure for one single fortnight. The g Hon. Member for Knaresborough said that it was a most un- rieved at his silence as to the grounds on which he sup ported the Bill.--(Hear.) lie stated it did not resolve itself fair thing to delay the passing o f thi s measure until after into a question of principle but into one of degree; Easter. lie would a s k th e H on . M em b er f or Oldham but, whether it was a question of principle or of degree , the Bill would, if passed, have the effect of stopping the ma if there was the slightest c h ance o f an y f ur th er stage being obtained fur this Bill b e f ore E as t er ? E ven un d e r the chinery of the country to a great extent, and therefore most favourable circumsta nces , t h ey cou ld not ; ge t be- w as one of paramount importance. — (The Hon. Gentle yond the Committee; and when the report was broughtlong man then read a extract from an article in the last up there would be a dscussion upon th a t. U n d er the most number of Chambers s Journal, entitled " Two Days f avo urable circumstances, they cou ld not b r i ng up t h e repor t in Dundee," by NS' Mien Chambers — all of whose before Easter. He proposed that they should go into Committee writings, he said, could be relied upon—to show that that day fortnight, so that the manufacturers of the country many parents had removed their children from the factories, should have time to consider the provisions of the Bill. They where they were earning 18.3 d. a week, for the purpose of would be able to say "aye" or "no." If they agreed to it, being sent out to beg. The industrial schools gave three it would be preferable that the measure should have meals a day, and this led them to consider the question the general concurrence of the masters and men, whether this quantity of food, and what was made and there would be less opposition in the House than there by begging, was not of more value than the wages they received. This showed that interf e r ence wit h to to ti t ie ho e s n e ip p l e o r y s e o r n s s . , N B Vl 3, l , ll t S i t te it r N e v t o u l r i n ld s was likely to be if they went on at present. It would be difficult to explain, to such an audience as he then had, as to d la o bo in u e r a w le •o u u la ld bl e e lo the proposed mode of working the mills by the system of m il i ° sc g h o ie o f d relays, and how that system was to be got up. In his of the factory inspectors, it appeared that from the year mind it was perfectly practicable to use such a system, 1835, when this system of agitation commenced, down to and they would not require more than '2O per 1839, there wete 30,000 fewer children employed under 13 cent., or one-fifth more of the amount of labour. Solt- years of age. Mr. Owen was more entitled to the posing that a mill at present employed 100 operatives, authorship of this plan than any other person, as he Under this clause, the same mill would be obliged to employ had suggested it years ago. From a paper he had 120, and of course their wages would continue to be the received front the United States, it appeared that a corn same. The mode in which this was to be brought about rnittee of Congress had, on his instigation, been appointed u t d o he would explain. Supposing that 120 hands entered consider the subject, but they had reported that they o the mill on the Monday morning, sixty of these hands would not come to any conclusion on the subject. The Bill wouldl e work the entire day, and the rest would be divided into threelegislation could not with relays. At the hour of breakfast the first 20 labourers would out the aid of the great manufacturers, master-manufacturers thought wantonly interfere-with the capital of the country, and be carried on at all ; and if the . retire, and their place would be taken by the reserve twenty, and at three o'clock the' second twenty would have thesr pro places taken by the twenty which had worked for the first be carried out. arldlestated.that if it was not passed the three hours. It would be imposiible to explain the system Knaresborough h would revolt ; but they had found that every Proper to enter into a comlblionnationaflaotoinsatntlitishßoilllsiltecmobuoldr not properly to the House, and therefore he could not proceed working classes with it.—(Cries of "Go on.") These would be again re- and many of them anticipated lies by another reserve, so that the third branch would a reduction resulto front this measure. Why should the only have worked eight hours. The result of that was, that a like 'eduction of the hours of work had been accompanied with out of the 120 sixty worked for twelve hours, and sixty of this year by working more hours during worked for eight hours. The next day the thing was exactly for the losses were anxious to make up reversed, for those who worked twelve hours on the Monday 1348 be pre era would rather have a ten hours than an eleven manufacturersveonf tecdottforno,ns who 0 0ing so ? lie believed the would work only eight hours on the Tuesday, and those a mPi s ° ' Y ß 13}I1. —(Bear, (Hear, bear.) The employers who approved who worked eight hours on the Monday would work twelve hour it simply did so in order that it might be hours on the Tuesday. Thus the thing would go on until . maintain it.—(Hear, hear.) lie, for one, wished the Saturday, when the hours were restricted to nine; but • ciple could be applied to those nine hours. So would hear.) The speech of the same prin ° tried ~ and if it was found a good principle they the matter decided at once.—(Hear, that the whole 120 would only have been working seven the lion. Gentleman the Member for Salford (Mr. Brother hours per day during the week —an amount considerably less ton) had a great effect upon the House; but since that Hon. than the proposed Ten Hours Bill. In a short time he Gentleman was employed in a factory a great change had thought that the system would work so well that they taken place, as an enactment had been passed forbidding would be enabled to carry it en with 116 instead of 120. the employment of persons under thirteen for more than six He had endehe avohaut ifeavouredd been ured to m at ak all obscuree the systemit was as diowi ngstinct a to the s oe hours a day, and the majority of the y oun g p ersons in p difficulty of explaining these operations to such an assembly. They had more persons then in shops in this c o untr y un der Ile had done his duty , and felt great l y ob l ig ed for the atten- other trades, who were apprentice d, were under thirteen. the ages of fourteen than they had in their factories. Theo thin with which he had been heard, and would conclude by were in a temperature not less injurious, and engaged in work moving that this Bill be committed this day fortnight. hardly less hurtful than in the factories. Ile bud a str(,ng Mr. FINCH had anticipated, when he saw the notice on feeling for the working classes, and he would rather , the paper, that this motion was merely a factious o b p o p u oitihi i i, oppose them than deceive them, for lie had a I and Member therefor e anel any h ebut he saw that the measure whetherlVas a the t ho e u u se e regard for his own practical experience and con- i both scientione convictions. He believed that the Bill ; d it, the mover and his motion were accepted or rejected pl et )o i r i t el t i ho w t ox o l t d ion be of in t j i u re rio l u i s o , n. The llon. Me ber ftr Oldham had him one, and he believed therefore, .. entitled to respect. on.of m although ob. self allowed that the system relays,very s Vt il aS ollld °ll s e u other vote which would retard the passing ofthis many accounts, was at least an advantage. measure. jectionable on Her Majesty's Government had voted for this measure three the had just sat down had stated that The lion. Member who . children in Glasgow were previously neglected, but that years ago, and he (Mr. Bright) had predicted what would the happen. That prediction had since been fulfilled. H not an uncommon occurrence, and he did not see eholed was that, seeing the consequences of the vote, he r A ' '' ' the Ten Hours' Bill would. at all affect the evil that vernment would not now assist e which so much complaint was made. It had been in forwarding the measure. o Mr. lIINDLEY saidthat I. that with respect to young females they did not attend . • he had been a free- trader all his urged to them after the business of the day was concluded , • but it life, and believed in the principle to its • fullest extent, but he thought that the was plainly evident that, according to their constitution and the slat of • t of their health, they would either partake of articles produced should be made with a due regard to the feelings and morals of dcn3estic enjoyment or have the opportunity or improve-the people. What had Mr. Cobden sand upon this Went in the lectiire-mta or reacting elation. They f subject? After commenting upon the system 0 elTrt:foLl UFN trade, la tad 'raid, that if the - 7-7 .. t.- ~. . Government would take off the restrictions upon trade, he would freely give his labourers the same wages which they were then receiving, with ten hours' labour.— (Loud cheers.) The Hon. Member for Oldham had not always supported the opinion he had just given out, for upon a former occasion he had agreed with the Hon. Member for Stockport in his views upon this measure. He would no longer trespass upon the time of the House, nor hinder them from going into Committee upon this question.—(Cheers) Mr. FIELDEN was astonished at the assertions which had been made by the Hon. Mer. - -ber for Durham, for he had placed the petition against which this protest was entered in the bands of the Noble Lord a fortnight since. That Hon. Member had complained, in the protest which he had pre sented, that the mill owners who had signed the petition were not men cf property, and that it consequently was not entitled to the attention of the House, and had con tended that his own protest was a more valid document. But if it were so, why were not the names of the several partners in the different firms given, together with a state ment of the number of men employed in each factory, for that would have given validity to the assertions which it contained. There were 323 firms, whose names were signed to this protest, arid it was pretended that they represented a constituency of 323,000 people, but he would like to know whether the Hon. Member for Durham would make himself responsible for the respectability of these firms, as he would make himself responsible for those who had signed the petition presented by the _l'oble Lord, and why throw th e responsibility upon hi af passing this Bill through the 'louse? He should like to know how this protest was got up, and what part the Hon. Gentleman had taken in it. For his own part, he did not know but that it was written by the lion. Gentleman himself, for be found that it was signed by Bright and Charlcsworth, of Ashton under-Lvne.—(" Hear, h ear ," f rom Mr. Bright.) It was signed also by Samuel Scotland Jones, of Rochdale, and by several other persons whose respectability he would not impugn, but there were other names for which there were no owners in existence. There was Joel Gee, of Dunkinfield, together with several other the owners of which were nowhere to be found. While the names of those who had signed the petition presented by the Noble Lord were some of the most distinguished men in Manchester, well known throughout the whole of the manu facturing districts.—(Hear.) And what did these people say ? Why they wanted to convince him that he did not understand his own business.—("Hear, hear," and laugh ter.) More than thirteen years ago he had stated the whole of the case to the mill-owners, and had then recommended them to adopt the ten hours' system. And look at the be nefit that would have arisen from it. There was the Hon. Member for Durham himself, whose mills were at the pre sent moment entirely at a stand-still, and all his hands stand ing idle.--(" Hear," from Mr. Bright, and cheers from several parts of the House.) He did not hesitate to say, that if this Ten Hours' Bill had passed last session, and was at pre present in operation, that every mill in Manchester would be now at work. They had machinery now erected at such an extent that they were enabled to supply all the markets of the world. And then with regard to wages, it was his own firm conviction that wages would be as high under a ten hours' Bill as they were under a twelve hours' system. In 1834 he had recommended that a ten hours' plan should be adopted, and since then the House had passed a Bill for preventing the use of relays of children, and had hindered alt under a certain age from working more than eight hours a day. But let him finish with the protest. (The Hon. Gentleman then read several names which he stated to be fictitious.) The Hon. Gentle man bad asserted that these parties were in possession of fully five-sixths of the capital employed in the cotton trade. Why a greater story never was told. Ha had to complain that no notice whatever had been given to him of the inten tion to bring this motion forward, for if he had received a note, or any intimation whatever, he should certainly have been in his glace to resist it. Nor had there been more courtesy with respect to the protest presented by the Hon. Member for Durham, of which he had heard nothing until he saw it OR the table. The fact was, this motion was merely brought forward for the purposes of delay, for it could serve no other purpose whatever. If there was any object really to be attained, why did not the Hon. Gentleman meet him at Manchester, at Oldham, at Halifax, and at the several other places which he had visited for the promotion of this object?—(Cheers.) It was true that the Hon. Member possessed the gift of the gab—(Laughter)— but it was a pity that he did not uSe it in conferring a boon on the people, instead of imposing an injury, He would not content to any delay of the measure, even for a single hour. Mr. BRIGHT said that he had no doubt that the whole of the mistake referred to by the Hon. Member for Oldham (Mr. Fielden) arose from a mistake in the printing of the list of the names from the petition. Mr. DENNISTOUN rose for the purpose of making some explanations respecting a conversation which had passed between himself and the Hon. Member for Oldham (Mr. Fielden), to which that Hon. Member had referred. Mr. STANSFIELD was understood to say that he would support the motion. - Sir R. PEEL said that he was not quite certain what was the actual motion before the House. Mr. DEN NISTOUN said, the motion was to postpone the Bill gcing into Committee for a fortnight. Sir R. PEEL could not then support that motion. It appeared to him that it was only a motion for delaying the Bill. The Bill had been already fully discussed upon every preceding occasion; it was now proposed to delay the Bill going into Committee for a fortnight, which would bring the House to the Wednesday immediately preceding the adjournment; a day which he did not think would be a very convenient one for the purpose of discussion in Committee, and he thought that the consequence would be the postponement of the Bill till after Easter. He did not think that sufficient grounds had been made out for delaying the measure, and he should, therefore, feel it his duty to oppose the motion. Mr. DUNCAN supported the motion for postponement. Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that the Hon. Member for Durham complained that he had taken no part in the discus. 'ion. He should now, therefore, state as shortly as he could the reason which induced him to support the Bill. Ile hoped the Hon. Member and other Hon. Gentlemen would not forget that on one occasion he did briefly state his reasons for supporting the Bill, and it he did not then go fully into the question, it was because he was limited to ten initiates to do so, the Hon. Member who spoke before having only finished ten minutes before six o'clock.—(Hear, hear.) The Right Hon. Baronet the Member for Tamworth in a speech he made on the Bill, had also stated that he would like to hear him (Lord John Russell) express the views which he entertained on the subject, but the 'Right Honourable Barohet was so led away that evening by his argument, as to preclude the possibility of his being able to state what his views were. Be tore be could now proceed to make any observations on the general question, ho wished to say that he did not think the Hon. Member for Durham had any right to lec ture him upon his conduct in 1844.—(Cheets.) It was with his eyes open that he (Lord J. Russell) then supported the measure brought forward, and he was quite willing to bear the responsibility of the consequences that resulted from that step. If he recollected well, it was urged as an argument for the abolition of the corn-laws by the Hon. Gentleman and thorn who acted with him representing the Anti-Corn law League, that if these laws were abolished there would be uo ,;necessity for prolonging the hours of factory labour to the same extent as then prevailed. Now, if he were disposed to retaliate on the Hon. Member, he would say that those assertions were held out for the purpose of securing the support of the working classes, irrespective of the truth of the statement. He would not, however, say that they were insincere in their representations but he thought that a consideration of this should induc e him to be sparing in his taunts of his (Lord John Russell's) conduct in 1844. With regard to the question, it had been debated before, and it was scarcely necessary for them to enter into it. There could be no doubt - but to limit the- hours of labour for the young people in factories was a perfectly legitimate object. It ,was stated, however, that the con sequence of this would be to limit the labour of adults, but be could not assent to this objection, as it would bo just as reasonable to allege with regard to a proposal to make a railway from a sea-port to Loncon that it would injure the coasting trade generally. The principle of the measure was good, and should therefore be carried out, notwithstanding any inconvenience which might result. —(Hear, hear.) He thought the object of the Bill was a perfectly legitimate one, and it should therefore have his support, as he believed that great benefit would result from it. The powerful argument for the limitation of the hours of labour was the opportunity which would - be thus afforded to the manufacturing population of baring re ligious and moral instruction, cultivating the domestic affec tions, and acquiring domestic habits. Now, the advocates of these improvements in the social condition of the working classes seemed to forget that they were incompatible with the protraction of the hours of labour to 14 hours a day. It was said, however, that the hours afforded for those purposes would be abused, and devoted to vice; but he was not deterred by such an objection from supporting the measure, He should be quite content if those who would be benefited were left to spend the leisure which this Bill would give them at their own homes, in kindly intercourse, instead o imposing any restriction upon them as to how they should spend it.—(Hear.) They next came to the great question inserted in the Bill. Could they give these advantages to the sons and daughters of the working classes employed ill factories, without at the same time injuring the manufac turer and the industry of the country, and thereby injuring those classes whom the Bill was designed to benefit? This w,45 a large and formidable question, and though the limitation of the hours of work might be indirect, still if the practical effect of such a limitation was likely to injure our foreign commerce, the question became, as he said, one of a been ry serious nature. Now , he did not think thatactao show thatse h ad made out lay the opponents of the measure serious injury to our fi n in trade might be apprehended.— ( Hear, hear.) And, considering the question, they must not simply look at the val ue of the manufactures exported from this country—namely, 37,000,0001., as for instance, one of the largest manufacture's in this country—Mr. Marshall, of Leeds, only worked his flax-mill eleven hours a day, and they had a right to assume that he did so with profit. They had also been told that many other manufacturers in Leeds did not employ their workers more than eleven bourn a day ; therefore the hours of work did not bear so materially on the amount exported as many Hon. Gentlemeu seemed to suppose. The next consideration was, how many various elements there were in the price of the article,. in order to show they would be affected by foreign compet i tion. W ith respect to cotton, there was the original price of the saw material, the cost of its transit across the ocean, the commission of the merchant at Liverpool, the expense of working it into thread and into various fabrics. It had then to be embarked again, and he would assume that it was carried to China, where it would have to compete with American and Swiss manufactures. The original cost would not be affected by the Bill, and the manufacturers would not pay their workers for twelve hours' work if they worked only ten.—(Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") The manufacturers would pay only for the quantity of work done. The expenses of a manufacturer who had invemited 100,0001. in his works had been thus estimated :-51. per cent. interest on capital in the first instance ; wear and tear 61. •, oil, tallow, and coal, about 121. ; and 11. for gas ; making altogether twenty-four pounds per cent.--(Hear.) With regard to wear and tear, as far as the reduction of the price of labour was concerned, there would be an equal re duction in this part of the expenditure. Less coal and tallow, &c., would be used, and this, with the other, item, would m aka a reduction of about 121. per cent.; so that there was only SL. per cent. on which any loss could take place—nan:ely, the in terest on the capital.—(Hear.) But look at the great ad vantages which the cotton manufacturers bad obtained. There was formerly a tax of 700,0001. a year on cotton in the raw material—( Hear, hear)—and the repeal of the corn-laws must also be looked up e o n " as aled a great advantage, as, now the corn-laws had there could be no longer that difference bet ween: b the re price of price in - this corn in other countries in Europe and its in the same country.—(Hear, bear.) The . s wo w u a ld s high or low. position whether the price was country was formerly If the average price for the future the prices 555. per quarter, and 4 o s f s co • in rn F i rance , in these countries would be the same. If there was a time of was 70s. extraordinaryscarc ity " a deficient harvest — and the price of corn sJs• a q uarter, the French manufacturer would not have the 4 advn a ter) of obtaining his corn at 60 5., whilst the English people had to pay 705., as there would be an equalisation of prices.— (Hear, hear.) These advantages, he thought' were equal to 700,0001. a year to those engaged in znanufacturez.(Hear.) But of this he was mu, that all those who hail col to iu that Roan fot the mug f*,/ ~.. y ~~ \. ~ ~~ `°~ 1, ginl36 I l i 0 1 i i r g f: $ DO C A, I, ell" e 04 1 0 0 ,4 ioll I Al°