The Sun. — London, England, 1857-03-19 00:00:00

SALT and Co.'s EAST INDIA PA LE and BURTON ALES. BREWERY—BURTON -ON-TRENT. STORES : LONDON.. •• •• LIVERPOOL Y2, Henry-street. MANCHESTER .. •• • .. .. • SHEFFIELD ....... BIRMINGHAM Old Court-house, High-street. BRISTOL.. .... DUBLIN EDINBURGH ........ • • .. Portbopetoun Warehouse. GLASGOW St. Vincent-place. These Ales, in Casks of Eighteen Gallons and upwards, and in Bottle, obtained from all respectable Bottlers. JOZEATJ'S COPAHINE, or SACCHARATED CAPSULES, approved of by the French College of Physicians, ImccessfUlly administered in the Paris and London Hospitals, and acknowledged by them to be the best remedy for a certain disorder. (See " Lancet" of Nov. 6, 1852.) A copy will be forwarded on appli cation.—Price per 100, 45. 6d. ; 50, 2s. 9d. To be had of the inventor, GABRIEL JOZEAU, sole French chemist, 49, Haymarket, London, and all the principal chemists. CANCER HOSPITAL, London and West Brompton.--Secretary's Office, 167, Piccadilly.—This Institu tion has been established exclusively for the treatment of the poor afflicted with cancerous diseases. Out-door patients to attend at 167, Piccadilly, on Tuesdays, at 2 o'clock. In-door patients are admitted at tke Brampton Establishment, for one month, and for a longer Period if recommended by the medical officers. The number of per sons under treatment as in or out-door patients have averaged for the last three years about 400 cases each year. Since the foundation of this Hospital in 1851, 1,799 poor persons, suffering under every form of this dreadful malady, have received the benefits of this Charity. A Weekly Board manage its affairs, and every informa tion with the Institution may be obtained on application to the Secretary. Contributions to enable the Committee to centinue this great work of benevolence are urgently solicited, and may be Paid to William Loxham Farrar, Esq., the Treasurer, 66, Lincoln's inn -fields t Messrs. Coutta and Co., Strand ; and at the Secretary's Offices, 167, Piccadilly. By orier. W. J. COCKEIIILL Secretary. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road. Patron—The QUEEN. —Founded 1828. The sick poor are admitted on their own application alone; no re- Commendation is required. During the past month the following number received the benefits E his Charity, either as out or in-door patients, on their personal a PPllcation Week ending 7th February ....•• 2,095 Ditto 14th February .. •• .. 2,351 Ditto 21st February •• .. 2,650 Ditto 28th February .... 2,890 Total in February .• .. • . 9,986 Of which 3,39 were new cases, the remainder (still under treat ment) having been admitted previously. The clergy of all denominations have unlimited access to the Patientj. Heavy expenses are inevitably incurred in affording such eaten lave relief. The Committee, therefore, earnestly entreat the aid of tin public. The management of the Hospital Is in the hands of 30 Governors, Yearly elected from the general list of subscribers, at the Annual General Meeting in January. A Board is held every Thursday, at 4 o'clock (Rev. J. B. Owen, Chairman), to conduct the business, when any subscriber may attend, If so disposed, the Board being at all times desirous of receiving suggestions or giving explanation. The Hospital is not endowed, but is wholly dependent on volun tary contributions and legacies, which are received by the Treasurer, John Masterman, Esq., M.P., Nicholas-lane ; also by Messrs. Coutts and Co.;Drummond and Co.; Ilerries a nd Co. ; Ransom and Co. ; Prescott, Grote, and Co. ; Smith, Payne, and Co. ; Glyn and Co. ; Jones Loyd and Co.; Barclay and Co.; Denison and o .; li Wilams, Deacon, and Co. ; Overend , Gurney, and Co. ; Nisbet nd Co., Ber ners-street ; Masterman and Co. ; and at the Hospital. Clothing for the destitute patients will be thankfully received. By order. J. B. OWEN, M.A., Chairman. ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE. New and improved Edition, enlarged to 196 pag es, illustrated by 100 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on -Steel, just published, price, free by post, 1 s., THE SILENT FRIEND : A Medical Work on the physical exhaustion and decay of the frame, from the effects of solitary indulgence, infection, and the injurious conse quences from the use of Mercury ; with observations on the obliga tions of marriage, and directions for obviating certain disqualifica tions. By R. and L. PFRRY and CO., Surgeons. Sold by J. Allen, ti). Warwlek-lane, Paternoster-row; Sanger, 160, Oxford-street; and Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street, London. The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUM is employed to renovate the impaired powers of life; Its action is purely balsamic ; its power in reinvigorating the frame in all cases of nervous and sexual Oe bilit'y,:obstlnate gleets, impotency, barrenness, and debilities arising from venereal excesses, has been demonstrated by its unvarying success in thousands of caseA. Price I is. per bottle, or four quan tities in one for 33e., which saves 11s. The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE, an anti-syphi litic remedy, for purifying the system, and is recommended for any of the varied forms of secondary symptoms, such as eruptions on the skin, blotches on the head and face, enlargements of the throat, tonsils, and uvula; threatened destruction of the nose, palate, &c. Its action is purely detersive, and its beneficial influence on the system is undeniable. Price Its. and 335. per bottle, also a saving of Ile. PERRY'S PeRIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS constitute an effec tual remedy in all cases of gonoracea, gleet, stricture, and diseases of the urinary organs. Price 25. 9d., 4s. 6d ,an 1 1 Is. per box. Sold by Barclay and Sons, Farringdon-street ; Darby and Gosden, 140 Leadenkall-street ; W. Sutton and Co., 10, Bow-churchyard ; W. Edwards, 67, St. Paul's -churchyard ; J. Sanger, 150, Oxford- Street; Hannay andDietrichsen, 63, Oxford-street; Butler and 'larding, 4, Cheapside ; Prout and Harsant, 229, Strand ; and all Medicine vendors throughout tho United Kingdom. O THER MEDICINE DYSPEPSIA, N ERVOUS, BILIOUS, AND WO MORE PILLS NOR A NY OR CONSTIPATION, INDIGESTION, rim , CO NSUMPTION, AND DE BILITY _ LIVER COM PLAINTS, COUG II, AITA D U BARRY'S d e licious - 13 EA LTII-RESTOR ING REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD saves fifty time s its e complaints and their cost in other remedies, and cures the headaches, nervous consequences, such as hemorrhoidal staff7cvtionrst,. flatulency, dlsten Sion, acidity, heartburn, palpitation of the ryslpelas, snip, thane neuralgia, deafness, noises in the head and ears, pains at the pit of the stomach and between the shoulders, e scrofula, thane of the Win, impurities and poverty of the bloat,pregnancY, droPsy, rheumatism, gout, nausea and sickness during fits, spleen, after eating, or at sea ; low spirits, blushing, general debility, inquietude, sleeplessness, involuntary of me paralysis, tremors, dislike to society, unfitness for study, spasms, epllepti loss . n mory, delusions, vertigo, blood to the head, exhaustion , i nela ,,,, eholy, groundless fear, w retchedn ' moreover, "'" best food for infante and invaii es". generally , jtls turns acid on the weakest stoma% as s with a good liberal diet, but imparts a h 1 - , nor interfere. dinner, and restores the faculty of digestion and thy relish for lunch and to the most enfeebled. Supported by it never stud nervous and muscular energy ed professor of Chemistry Dr Andrew testimonials from the celebrat vey ,Dr Campbell, Dr. Gattiker, le ITre, Dr. Shorland, Dr .Har- Stuart de Decies, the Dowager CountessWur rzer, Dr. Ingrain, Lard other well-known individuals, whose heaOaastlestnart, and 50,000 this useful and economical diet, after all other hi"e been resto redtried by s had been in vain for many yea r s, an d all hopes°freeevery in abandoned. Analysis by the celebrated Professor of Chemistry Andrew Cm Bloomsbury-s q uare. M.D., F.R.S., &e., &c. " London, 24, " I hereby certify, that having examined Du Barry Arabica I find it to be a pure vegetable Farina, pereectl evalenta some, easily digestible, likely to promote a healthy action whole stomach and bowels, and thereby to counteract dyspepsia (Indlgeg. tiou), constipation, and their nervous consequences. ANDREW USE, M.D., F.R.S., &c., Analytical Chemist." Ukase by the Emperor of Russia. Russian Consulate General, London, Dec. 2,1817. The Consul-General bas been ordered to incorm Messrs. Barry, Du Barry and Co., that the Revalenta Arabica they had sent to his Majesty the Emperor, has, by imperial permission, been forwarded to the Minister of the Imperial Palace. Suitably 'muted for all climates, and with full instructions. In Canisters, Ilb 25 00 ; 2lb 45 6,1; 51b lls , 121 b 22s ; super refilled quality, 11b Gs ; lb 11 s ; 5113 22s ; 101 b 335. The 101 b and 1211) cants t ers are forwarded carriage free, on receipt of Post-oflice order. Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London; Fortnum, Mason, and Co., purveyors to her Majesty, 182, Piccadilly ; also at CO, Gracechurch-street ; 330 and 451, Strand ; 4, Cheapside ; OS, Cornhill ; 49, Bishopsgate-street ; 5 5, Charing-cross; 54, Upper Baker-street ; 63 and 150, Oxford-Amt. THE OTTOMAN BANK. TO THE SHAREHOLDERS. Why are our Shares at so low a prico (only 1 premium, of which 15s. is about to be returned in dividend), seeing that seventeen and a half per cent. has been earned this year, al though only a ten per cent. dividend is declared ? It being also well known that sufficient profit has been already made to pay 20 per ceat. next half year. The public cannot be aware that, by Royal Charter, this Bank is under limited liability. March 16, 1557. 3,I[ONT BLANC IS OPEN TO-NIGHT. 3 4 R. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDIT I Eit'!, , with New Costumes and • .rious Novelties, vocal and Cha .es7cristie, every evening (except Saturday) at Eight. A MORN ' G P ERFORMANCE every SATURDAY, at Three. Private Boxes and , „ St " may be secured, without extra charge, at the Box-office, King William-street, Charing-cross. The hall has been entirely redecorated. GENERAT_, TOM THUMB performs Daily at 1 .,,„ PRINCE OF WALES BAZAAR, 209, Regent - stre et. from ;.„..1-ve Past Twelve to Two, Half-past Three to Five, and half-past to Nine o'clock, introducing, among numerous New Songs, Dances, and Imitations," Villikins" and "Bobbin Around." lie has appeared Three Times before her Majesty. Admission, is. and 2s. C-,OR I his DON CIIMMI . NG, the LION HUNTER, wi give new and popular ENTERTAINF,NT, descrip tive or e• yer EXPLOITS and ADVENTURES in SOUTH AFRICA TrAevenitlg, except Saturday, at S. MORNING REPRESENTA "erY SATURDAY, at 3 o'clock. The Lion Hunter's Bush z _ , Ple, thin the great Kalahari Desert, will a ppear incidental to the sea7aininent. Piano by Mr. Harries Wilson. Are a . Is. ; reserved t our . ' 2 5.; stalls (which may he taken daily between e l e ven and at the Museum), 35.-232, Piccadilly. ARGYLL ROOMS.-LAURENT'S CASINO, Roo ms Great Windmill-street, St. James's. — The above elegant Laure are now op en ever y e vening for the winter season, with nomeurtnt's cel e b rated Orchestra. P r i nc ip a l Cornet-a-Piston, M. The Proprietor begs to inform the p ublic that this rkahlon°.able. place of resort has been entirely redecor ated during the Doors lion 0 oPen at hali-past eight, commence at nine. Admis ne ROYAL SURREY GARDENS. A GRAND CLASSICAL CONCERT, in aid Twin of the F un d s o f t h e EARLY CLOSING ASSOCIATION , SDAY Evening, the 19th inst. See Placards, &c. JOHN LIL WALL, Hon, Sec. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS. THE EARLY CLOSING ASSOCIATION Funds w ill give a GRAND CLASSICAL CONCERT, in aid of its , at the Music Hall, Royal Surrey Gardens, THURSDAY Even .B, the 19th inst., at 8 o'clock. (Doors open at 6.30.) M. Jullien's entire splendid Orchestra, with the following distingu ished artistes : ;'alas Dolby Miss Arabella Goddard, and Miss LOU IS ' Dinning. T ickets, 15., , 2s., and 31. each, to be had at M.Jullien's, 214, Re- Um - street ; the Offices of the Association, 35, Ludgate-hill, &c., &c. 41111 nber JOHN LILWALL, Hon. Sec. TO BE SOLD, for 221., cost 50 guineas, a GETt „,„ TLEMAN'iI GOLD POCKET CHRONOMETER, by Ar nl, of the finest possible construction and finish, modern in style ' 4 ;l . guaranteed perfect in condition. It has eight je w e ls . enema May be seen at Wales and Wen loch's, 32, Ludgate- I L r eet, near St. Paul's. SECURE IN VES TMENT S. —lVlessrs. R. ROBLEY and Co., 48, Threadneedle-street, Sworn Stock, Share, a nd Mining Brokers, will be happy to forward a list of carefully selected Securities, paying good di vid ends, to those who may favour them with tacir business, and to advise them on the safest mode of invegting their capital. Business transacted in the English Funds at 1-16th Per cent.. and in all Stocks, Railway and Mining Shares, on the most reasonable terms. A selected list of dividend-paying (from 12 to 20 per cent.) and progressive mines to be had personally or per letter. BANK OF DEPOSIT, No. 3, PALL-MALL EAST, LONDON. Established A.D. 1844. Parties desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the plan of the Bank of Deposit. Prospectuses and Forms for Opening Accounts sent free on appli cation. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. INSTITUTED IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE, A.D. 1714. T T NI ON ASSURANCE SOCIETY, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES. OFFICES— ", eOrnhill, and 70, Baker-street, London; College-greet', Dublin; Gronengen-street, Hamburg ; Bristol, Liverpool, and Manchester. The Premises in Cornhill being now rebuilt, the business will in /Inure be carried on therein. The Receipts for Fire Policies falling due at Ladyday, are now ‘ e itY at the Head Offices in London, and at the respective Agencies in the country. WM. B. LEWIX, Secretary. THE BADDINGTON PEERAGE : being his Lerdship's Life; a story of the Best and the Worst Society. by GEORGE AUGUSTUS SALA, author of " A Journey Due North," in Dickens's "Household Words," will be commenced in the" ILLUS TRATED TIMES" on Saturday next, and will he continued weekly until completed. The "Baddington Peerage" will b 3 Illustrated by BALE OF OLD STORES AT CHATHAM. ADMIRALTY, SOMERSET-PLACE, 17th March, 1857. THE Commissioners for Executing the Office of iind Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom o f Great Britain A Ireland, do Hereby Give Notice , tha t on TUESDAY, the 28th _p_rn next at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, the Captain Superintendent nil Put np to sale, in her Majesty's Dock Yard at Chatham, several Lots Of STORES ; co nsisting of old Rope ( cablela OL ki D and hawscriaid), Shakings, Canvass fittings.,_, Lead Ashes, Ocham, Hemp Tyers and Rak i ng s, & c., &c., all "Flog In the said Yud. Persons wishing to view the Lots must apply to the Superintendent T or notes of admission for that purpose. ... Catalogues and Conditions of Sale may be had here and at the lard. (N o. 20,202.) PUBLICATIONS. NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOB. OF " EMILIA WYNDHAM. " . Just ready, in 3 vols., THE ROSE OF ASHIIRST. By the Author of "Emilia Wyndham," " Two Old Men's Tries," &c. Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to henry Cclburn. THE NEW NOVEL, THE SECOND WIFE, Is now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols. " The plot is well worked out, and there are in the book passages of great power."--Herald. Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great Marlborough-street. NEW VOLUME.-CONTINUATION OF ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE. This day is pollshed, Vol. VI. of E HISTORY OF EUROPE, from the Fall of Napoleon to the Accession of Louis Napoleon. By Sir ARCHIBALD ALISON, Bart., H.C.L. Vols. I. to V. may be had, in demy Svo., uniform with the Library Edition of the " History of Europe from the French Revolution to the Battle of Waterloo." Price 15s. each. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh anti London. THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. COXIV., will be published on Thursday, April 21 and therefore ADVERTISEMENTS intended for insertion are requested to be forwarded to the Publishers immediately., Advertisements cannot be received later than Thursday next; tilis received until Saturday, 28th inst. London : Longman, and Co., 39, Paternester-row. Price Three Pence. SAVINGS BANKS, their History, Laws, Investment, Management, Interest, Defalcations, Responsibility of Olvernment. Trusteea and Officials, Past Progress, and Present Results ; with Remedial Suggestions. By the Rev. J. BEAUMONT HAWKINS, B.A. London : Longman, Brown, and Co. Second Edition , Revised, octavo, 10s. 6d., BACON'S ESSAYS, with Annotations by RICHARD WHATELY, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin. London : John W. Parker and son, West Strand. Two volumes, post Bvo., 165., THE WEDDING GUESTS ; or, the Happiness of Life. By MARY C. HUME, Author of " The Brides maid," " Count Stephen," and other Poems. John W. Parker and Son, West Strand. Second Fdition, 78. 6d., KAT E COV EN T RY, an Autobiography. By G. J. WHYTE MELVILLE. By the same anthor, DIGBY GRAND. Two Vol:. 18s. GENERAL BOUSCE. Two Vols. 155. London: John W. Parker and Son, West Strand. Now ready, price iicpence, CONSIDERATIONS on the CHINESE lJ COALITION. By RICHARD WILDMAN, Esq., Recorder of Nottingham, and Author of "Institutes of Internationnl Law." James Ridgway, Piccadilly, and all booksellers. INDISPENSABLE to every letter writer in the kingdom. Splendid P.stal District Map of London—size 2 feet 3 inches by 3 feet —to be issued to subscribers of the "Illus. trated Times "on Saturday next. In this Map the names •f all the streets are distinctly shown, and the Divisions of tho New I'ostal Districts clearly defined. Although ti an exact counterpart, not only as regards size but in point of minute finish, of the map prepared for the use of the London and Provincial Post-OffiCe, and which is s ••ld to the public at 55., it will he issued with the " ILLUSTRATED TIMES" at the price of an ordinary number of the paper, namely, Ad., the price of the Newspaper and the Map being 5d., or 7d. stamped. Immediate orders should be given to the agents. Office, 14S, Fleet-street, E.C. Now ready, price 2d., Part I. if FEIST'S RACING RECORD, containing a complete CALENDAR of SPORT, from the Ist of January to the day of publication. Edited by ALBERT FEIST, Editor of the Turf Department of the "Sunday Times," and Reporter of Sporting Intelligence to the London daily papers, &c. Printed and published, on the Ist of each month, by William Wright, Sporting Printer and Publisher, Fulwood-reuts, Holborn. Just published, price 2d., or post free 3d., the 102 d Edition of THE NATURAL REGENERATOR of the DIGESTIVE ORGANS, the STOMACH, [AVER, NERVES, LUNGS, &c., without Medicine, Galvanism, Electricity, inconve nience, and expense, by an easy, natural, pleasant, end infallible remedy, which saves fifty times its cost in other means of cure. Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professor of Che mistry, Dr. Andrew lire ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ;' Dr. Camp bell; Dr. Gattiker ; .Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram; Lord Stuart de Decies ; the Dowager Countess ofCastle-Stuart ; Major-Gen. Thomas K 1 ng, and many other respectable persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other means of cure had failed. Londoii : Barry Du Barry and Co., 77. Regent-street. The Third Edition. Just PLiblished, price 55., by post, free, ss. 6d ON TRUE it FALSE SPERMA.TORREREA, with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the Real Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD. " Dr. Pickford is known to English readers by his frequent practi cal contributions to German medical literature. This is the first time, he informs as, that he has addressed himself to the non-medi• cal reader. We trust this may not bo the last, if he shall detect an, other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his power to cor rect,"—London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of ' Quiet Sympathisers,' and 'Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed ; and if this boo) could find its way into the hands of those whe gaffer from the com- plaint of which it treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds wonlc be saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is o less importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize— much money...... This volume is well qualified to put an end to th. empirical system of treating Spermatorrho3a, and to place the treat ment upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore likely to do much good."—Medical Circular. London: IL Baler°, '219. Regent-Street. GENERAL ELECTION.—PRINTING with Economy and Despatch for Pamphlets, Addresses, Circulars, and Posting Bills, either Letterpress or Lithographic.—PAßTY, 27, Camomile-street, Bishopsgate, London, E.C. A SHAREHOLDER. LAMBETH ELECTION.—W. ROUPELL, Esq., the Resident Candidate, will meet the Electors of the Borough of Lambeth at PUBLIC MEETINGS, to be held as follows : The Literary Institution, Walworth, This Evening, the 19th March instant ; The Rosemary Branch, Peckham, on Friday, tho 20th March, instant ; and Camberwell Hall, Grove-lane, en Saturday, the 21st March instant. The chair will bo taken each evening at half-past seven o'clock. Public Meetings in other parts of the Borough will be duly announced. Central Committee Room, Horns Tavern, Kennington, 16th March, 1857. HE LONDON, HARWICH , and CONTI rfI NENTAL STEAM PACKET COMPANY. (Limited.) Capital 100,COOL, in 10,000 Shares of 10/. each, with power to increase. 2/. per share payable on allotment. Incorporated under the Act 19 and 20 Vic., chap. 47, by which the liability of the Proprietors is limited to the amount of their shares. Offices, 44, Moorgate-street, City, E.C. As the Allotment of Shares in the above Company will take place on the 2tith inst., NO APPLICATION can be received after WEDNESDAY, the 25th inst. Prospectuses and forms of application may be obtained of Messrs. Hugh Tassie and Sons, 135, Buchanan-street, Glas gow ; H. C. Beloe, Esq., 18, Brunswick-street, Liverpool ; O. J. Williams, Esq., Lloyd's agent and Vice Consul of the Netherlands, Harwich, Essex; and at the offices of the Company. FORM OF APPLICATION FOR SIIAREg. To the Directors of the London, Harwich, and Continental Steam Packet Company (Limited), 44, Moorgate-street, City. Gentlemen,—l enclose you a receipt for £ paid to the London and Eastern Banking Corporation, and I hereby request you will allot me shares in the London, Harwich, and Continental Steam Packet Company (Limited); and I hereby agree to accept such shares or any smaller number that may be allotted to me, and to pay tho calls thereon, and to execute the necessary deeds of the Company. I remain, Gentlemen, your obedient servant, Name in full Address in full Occupation Date BANEBRS' RECEIPT. ReeeNed the day 1857, the sum of on account of the London, Harwich, and Continental Steam Pac k e t Company (Limited), London. l3y Order, HUME GREENFIELD, Secretary, .TZ AIL TVA Y TI?.A ?FIG RETIII?ArS. AND NORTII-WESTER N RAILWAY. —Traffi c LONDON return f o r the week ending March 15 , 1537 £56,618 0 0 Corresponding week last year .................. 54,933 0 0 GREAT NOR RAILWAY:—'.... BAlLWAY.—Traffic reLurn for the week ending March 8, 1857 ..................... £21,394 9 1 Corresponding wok }set year ................... 12 7 CHESTER AND 1:101,11113AD RAILWAY.—TrAtiIe return for -,, 110 week ending March 1;i, 1857 ............... i 5, 0 133 0 0 s'°iTespondiug week last yea ..................... 4,831 0 0 Increase in 1857 ...................... £232 0 0 Lkisre turn "Hi" AND YOBICSIIIBIL I.IAILTIAT:—Trrs, ffie re ( Corr(); for the week ending, March 15, 1857 -.121,402 17 *) Cor responding coß week last year .................... 20 , 655 3 4 ending BANDON RAlLWAT.—Traffic return for week 0 arch 111857_ ..................... 12 11 LONDON GENERAL week last year ...... ................. 218 15 9 turns for GENERAL OMNIBUS COMPANY.—Traffie, Te e week ending M eh it 1557 glO 025 0 0 ar_ , 0 ~ ~~~~~ ;- / ~~ ~~a - ~~ ,J • • ;". -t. y;t4 ce A k kl 6‘ tt r- 441 ,4 • - . „., - ..• , '%44 k A t ,11,44 L _7e , A un 4 ) . ./ • 01 .4 1 Y';;;T o , ' . N;4B Tor. -7 (944 1 . 1. 7.z 4. • -, ,jti" „ LoNDoN, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 19, Itifq. REPORT FROM THE FRENCH ENVOY AT ROME TO THE FitENCH MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS. [This extraordinary document has been communi cated to tr. (Daily News) by an individual on whose truthfulness and honour we have the most implicit reliance. We are assured that it has been obtained in such a way as to preclude the possibility of any d( ception or mystification. Some numerical refer ences will be observed in the document. They indi cate passages to which answers were to have been appended in the form of notes. These notes ware to have been forwarded to us by a private hand, as it would obviously have been unsafe to trust to the French post-office for their conveyance. Unfortu nately they have not yet reached us; and the near approach of the dissolution of Parliament appears to render the immediate publication of the re port imperative. The notes shall be published as soon as we receive them. Some comments of our own on this astonishing document will be found in our second " leader" of this day. We think it will be universally admitted to be, in its way, unsur passed in the annals of diplomacy.] (Copy.) ROME, MAY 14, 1856. Mousier le Comte,—At this moment the situation of the Pontifical States pre-occupies more than ever the different cabinets of Europe, and particularly the government of the Emperor in the twofold point of view of the interests of catholicism, and of the armed protection with which France and Austria surround the holy chair. This question is con templated under so many different aspects, it is so perverted by the spirit of party, it excites in one sense and another such vehement passions, that a truthful and impartial re view of the facts appears not inopportune. Though the accusations brought against the pontifical government may bo greatly exaggerated, it is undoubtedly vulnerable on one side; its territory is occupied by foreign troops, and it is questionable whether it can dispense with this support. Every independent state is expected to suffice for itself, and to be able to maintain its internal security by its own forces. Tho court of Rome is reproached with fall ing short of this reasonable expectation ; the cause of its weakness is inquired into, and it is generally believed to b e the discontent awakened among its subjects by a defective administration. The real cause of the weakness of the Pontifical Govern ment is a much more complicated one, and is in fact con nected with quite a different class of ideas ; but it is a much more convenient and rapid mode of arriving at a conclusion to complain of the administration, then labo riously to interrogate the history and the tendencies of the Italian race. The discomfort and discontent of the populations arise more especially from the fact that the part played in the world by Italy, is not that of their visionary aspiration'. This sentiment of nationality has been sensitively alive at all epochs, and the temporal power of the Papacy has constantly been considered the main obstacle to its gratification. Daring the two last centuries the general prosperity of the pontifical system, and the abundant resources which flowed to Rome from all parts of the world, silenced complaint (1). But the great changes which have taken place in Europe during the last 50 years have dried up the sources of Rome's affluence. The Church has been compelled to remain con tented with the revenue derived exclusively from its own territory. Hence discomfort which, increasing from year to year, leads the minds of men by an easy process to discuss and attack the acts of their Government. The papacy, pro tected all this time by a great prestige, begins to sink in the estimation of the people. The last traces of the ancient ecclesiastical sovereignties have disappeared from the rest of Europe. Our fathers, accustomed to the sight of these sovereignties, saw nothing singular in them. In the eyes of the new generation one Government of this kind, left alone in the world, becomes an anomaly (2). Criticisms on this score multiply. At the same time the constitutional system, which easily seduces the peoples,has gradually esta blished itself in a majority of states (3). Men ask them selves whether it is conformable to the genius of the age, whether it is respectable to obey a priest, and perpetuate a superannuated system. Besides, how would it be possible to establish a system of liberty and free discussion, in pre sence of a power which lays claim to infallibility in spiri tual matters, and rests exclusively on the principle of authority ? How create a powerful Italy so long as the peninsula is divided into two distinct parts by a state, neu tral from the necessity of its nature, and isolated from all European :conflicts? How play a great part when the centre of Italy is in the possession of a sovereign who does not wear a sword? (4.) Other (muses, not less powerful, have encouraged these hostile tendencies. Italy had al ways wielded the sceptre, not indeed of warier politics, which are not exactly in its line, but at least of civilisa tion, science, and art. All felt that this sceptre was fall ing from her hands. The hundred views of the press daily informed the Italians of the progress of their neighbours, and proved to them that they had been outstripped iu many points. If-- thanks to the :blindness of national self-love--this sentiment has not yet become universal, at least a great part of the population feels itself threat ened in the last entrenchments of its legitimate pride now and terrible grievance for which to hold the Governments responsible. In the meanwhile the loudly avowed tolerance of several cabinets for the com plaints made by the populations was not, it must be con fessed, one of their least encouragements. At present it is the most active of all, and the one to which the hopes of all those turn who wish for something different from what they possess. On a. soil thus prepared insurrections and revolutions could not fail to germinate with facility. They turned the country topsy-turvy, and left deep traces. The momentary victory obtained over the Papacy completely stripped it of all prestige. It was no longer the sacred ark against which no effort could prevail. In vain it heaped concessions upon concessions; the very principle of its ex istence was called in question. The idea of its ceasing to exist became familiar (5). Hostile passions derived new strength from the consciousness of a probable success where till of late success would have seemed impossible ; more than ever the national vanity attributed its wounds to an administration marked out for attack by the pecu liarity of its character. The prejudices against what is called a Government of priests (0) reached their culminat ing point. It is necessary at this stage to offer a few remarks on the poculiargenius of the Italians. The most prominent feature of the national character is its intelligence, its penetration, its quick comprehension of everything. This precious gift which Providence has disseminated over Italy much more profusely than elsewhere, and which still shines with all its pristine lustre, is dearly purchased, except in a fow remark able exceptional eases, by the utter want of such qualities as energy, strength of mind, and true civil courage (7). It is seldom that the Italians are seen firmly united amongst themselves. Always suspecting each other, they aro continually separating. No one has any confidence but in himself; they remain isolated. Hence they have no commercial or manufacturing associations; no common understanding ; no combination either in private or public affairs (8). With such dispositions, they aro destitute of the essential element of publio power; they are totally devoid of organised strength. Armies—which are knit together by the reciprocal confidence of the soldiers, and obedience to the general—are impossible. The ranks are complete on parade ; but in the hour of danger the chiefs are accused of treason, and the soldiers have no reliance on each other (9). This defective equilibrium of intellect and character in the Italians is the key to their whole history, and explains the state of political infirmity in which they have remained, in comparison:with the other peoples of Ea- rope. Left to themselves they have never been able to do anything but debate in public places; give the victory ul timately to extreme parties ; wear themselves out in fruit less agitations; divide and subdivide themselves to infinity; and yield up their country to the first occupant—French men, Spaniards, or Germans. Every nation pays the pe rialty of its own defects ; but bow is it possible to make it comprehend that its inferiority is attributable to itself and not to its Governments? (10.) It is the fashion to take the Piedmontese for Italians, and to quote them as an example of what may be expected from the Italian populations. This is a great error. Tho Piedmontese are an interme diary population, containing much more of the Swiss, and French element than the Itallan. One fact is sufficient to convince me of this. It is that they possess that true mili tary and monarchical spirit which is unknown to the rest of Italy (11). The Italian mind with respect to policy and administration is by nature directed towards middle terms, accommodations. The interpretation is considered to be above the law itself. Following religiously the traditions which have been preserved of aucient Rome, jurisprudence is a governing principle. This tendency is met with every where. It has occasionally a very happy influence on the progress of great affairs, but in practice it leaves to govern- ;Dents a very great latitude, and takes away from the authority of the law in the eyes of the governed, encourag_ ing them in a singular manner in all manoeuvres which may spare them from the rigorous application of rules. An in flexible law would be odious to them, an administration keeping close to the letter of the law, without compromise, would appear in their eyes insufferably harsh (12). Let us examine the possible wishes and tendencies of the popula tion at this moment. They formalise their complaints much more than their plans. With respect to their plans, it may be said that they aro almost as numerous as individuals. In the lower depths of society, Carhonarism is kept up ; it still continues to make recruits. The dagger here is still held in honour. The end to be attained is the upsetting of every social hiergvhy (13). The followers of Mazzini form already a class in some degree above these. The I universal republic, the unity of Italy, constitutional go. vernment, war against Ausfri,, is their programme. They say that they are a numerous lygly, and are ready to act, but they never keep their word. Directed by the committee of London and Genova, their watchword for the present is quiet and inaction until the return of their chiefs by moans of an amnesty, and the departure of the foreign troops gives them an opportunity of operating with a chance of success (14). This section extends to a certain portion of the middle class. This class, and the higher classes in ge neral, are tormented with the desire of taking a part in public affairs. The example of Piedmont is turning their heads. A constitution d r Anglaise is in their eyes marvellously adapted both to the manners and wants of the country. They desire for themselves and for their country a great line of ai.tion. They look upon themselves as disinherited. Convinced that the presence of the Pope is an invincible obstacle to the realisation of their projects, they earnestly pray for . the annihilation of the Pontifical power. The greater portion of the members of this party have coalesced with the followers of Mazzini, leaving it to the nation to decide between the two parties after the victory is ob tained (15). Refusing to go as far as the English con stitution, there is a certain number of individuals who profess attachment to the Pontifical Goveinment, and at the same time overwhelm it with their attacks, pretend ing that they limit their desires to the obtaining of a better administration. They are not able to define exactly what they mean by this. In their eyes every thing depends upon Government, even to the proper main tenance of their own houses, and the direction of their own affairs. If enterprises everywhere reserved for the efforts of private industry are not developed in the Roman territory, the reason is that tha,G-overnment places obsta cles in the way. Attributing all the acts of the adminis tration to motives exclusively personal, and such as are founded on the basest calculations of interest, they believe that public affairs and the profit derived from conducting them, are in the hands of a small number of monopolists, who exhaust the resources of their country for their own advantage. They dream of nothing but dishonesty and collusion (16). Taxed as they are more lightly Clan the ma jority of European countries, they complain that they are crushed under the weight of fiscal imposition. At thesame time, they complain of the state for not undertakinggreat works which it is their duty to undertake themselves. Ig norant of the first principles of political economy and ad ministration, they enunciate systems utterly opposed to the lessons of experience, when they are compelled to for malise a project (18). Finally, they profess to have a great fear of the Mazzinians, and at the same time are opening the door to them (19). Lastly, there is a, party which attributes everyevil to tho abandonment of ancient errors. If we could return, they say, to the ecclesiastical regime pure a simple, as it ex isted formerly, excitement would be appeased, and every difficulty would disappear. Between these parties there is anumerous crowd very in different to everything else but their own prosperity, fond certainly of grumbling, but friends of order, and living on good terms with the Pontifical Government. Any where else such a party would furnish the Government with a good point d'appui; but in a country in which the spirit of enterprise, and the energy necessary for any resistance whatever are absolutely unknown ; where the only uni versal rule is laisscr faire, with the reservation of theright of complaining when the thing is don e , i ns t ea d o f before hand, how can such friends be trust e d, an d h ow can th e destinies of the State be placed solely in such bands? Here is the grand difficulty. No Government can dispense with material assistance, and this condition cannot be fulfilled in the Roman States. Whichever of the whole number of parties has the luck to triumph, it is an indubitable fact that it will see forming around it, as has already been proved, the same assemblage of complaints which is di rected against the present dovernment. The same diffi culty which the present Government experiences in finding points d'appui in a land which is not able to furnish them, will be experienced by every party which gains power. The party which limits its wishes to reforms, when inca pable of defending itself, on account of no one being wil ling to compromise himself in its defence, will give place to the constitutional party; this will in turn yield to the Mazzinians, which, thanks to the measures of violence on their part, and carelessness on the part of others, will re main definitively masters of the situation. This will re present accurately the inevitable march of events when ever the present equilibrium is again disturbed (20). Pius IX. showed himself full of ardour for reforms. He himself put bis hand to the work. Every ono is acquainted with the catastrophe which ensued. What happened then would be reproduced exactly in our days (21). Here then we have the soene of ik nation deeply divid ed, animated with burning,.mp„bitian, without any of those qualities which make the greatness and the power of other nations, stripped of energy, devoid of military spirit, as well as of the spirit of association, knowing nothing of the respect due to law or to social supetiorities ; and this nation, being discontented with its lot, accuses its rulers, who are in reality bone of its bone and flesh of its flesh (22). How can we dare to hope that to meet the difficulties of so complicated a situation, it is sufficient merely to introduce a few reforms into the Pontifical administra tion ? Verily such a remedy appears little adapted to the disease, and it is not easy to see what alleviation even it might produce. If the populations had a real cause of corn. plaint against the Pontifical administration, and if their wrongs were founded upon this single cause, the receipt would be excellent, but I h ave enumerated at length the true causes of the sad con diti on o f t he populations, and I have not been able to see that anywhere these causes were in direct connexion with the mere Diode of administration. Fundamentally, the very principle of government is the point in dispute, and not the mode of putting it in opera tion (23). . _ What grave reproaches can be made against the Pontifi cal Government? A n d w h a t an idea is formed of the men who compose it? I s it p oss ibl e th a t they are devoid of that intelligence which is so richly scattered over their nation ? Can it be that they have so feeble a feeling of their duties and interests as to place, of their own accord, an obstacle in the way of the prosperity of their country? It would not be just to condemn them blindly and without a rigid exa mination of their conduct. It is a general opinion that the Pontifical administration is placed entirely in the hands of the priests. It is asserted that the priest whose lot it is to defend the interests of heaven unlerstands nothing of the interests of earth ; that having no family of his own, ho is utterly indifferent as to th e prosper ity of the country; that dwelling apart fro m society, he cannot understand the true wants of society; th a t th e esprit cis corps is more powerful with him than the feeli ng o f nat i ona li ty , an d so on. People are loth to believe that the priest employed in the civil ser vice by the court of ltomehas no eacerdetal character during the great portion of his time, and that far from monopolising the whole of the administration, he has but a small share in it —ho is in a minority. I have often asked ardent opposers of the Roman rule what w as th e i r valuat i on o f th e num b ers o f priests employed in the administration. In answer to my question the number was generally stated to be about 3,000. No credit was given to me when I showed, with the proofs in my hand, that putting them all together the number did not exceed a hundred, and that the half of these pretended priests were not in orders. It is neverthe less upon data of such falsity that are founded gray charges which are accepted by the public as undeniable. At a time when the character of the Pontifical Govern ment gave rise to no ground of objection, the church under stood thoroughly that the part of the priest destined for the altar, and that of the administrator of public affairs, might possibly clash on some occasions. The church then opened the door to the lay elemeut, by the institution of the Pre lature, and ieserving for it a certain number of places oven in the Sacred College. The Prelature increases and re ceives continual augmentations from a class of men who aro specially destined for administration. Certain conditions of education and fortune are imposed upon these men. But lately they have performed their duties entirely at their own expense, and thus lightened the weight of the budget. So important a position as this yielded to the incumbent a few years back only 600 scudi annually. Since then, in order to render such offices accessible generally, the emolu ment has been increased in a moderato degree. The Ro man prelates are not at all bound to enter into holy orders. For the most part they dispense with them. Can we then call by the nano of priests those who have nothing of the priest but the uniform ? Is Count Spada, brother-in-law of Pere Beauvean, a more zealous or more skilful admi nistrator now than when in the costume of a priest he officiated as Minister of War ? Do Monseigneur Matteuci (Minister of Police), Monseigneur Hertel (Minister of the Interior), Monseigneur Berardi (substitute of the Secre tary of State), and so many others who have liberty to marry to-morrow, constitute a religious caste, sacrificing its own interests to the interest of the coun try, and would they become all of a sudden irreproachable if they were dressed differently? (24) If we examine the share given the prelates, both priests and non-priests, in the Roman administration, we shall arrive at some results which it is important to notice. Out of home—that is throughout the whole extent of the Pontifical States, with the exception of the capital—in the Legations, the Marshes, Umbria, and all the provinces, to the number of eighteen, how many ecclesiastics do you think are employed ? Their number does not exceed fifteen—one for each province, except three, where there is not one at all. They are de legates, or, as we should say, prefects. The councils, the tribunals and offices of all sorts are filled R ith laymen. The number of these latter amounts to 2,313 in the civil service and 620 holding judicial employments, in the whole 2.033, so tat for ono ecclesiastic iu office we have 195 lay men. Is it possible for the most prejudiced intellect not to recognise that sat ecclesiastical power which has reduced to so low a karts the number of men of its order who are the der s ,mitarie4 of power throughout the whole QX tent of its territory has already reached its lowest limits ? Who will believe that this is an intolerable abuse, and that the danger will cease when this small number of prelates shall disappear from the scene ? But hero a curious fact presents itself to ou r cons id era ti on . Th e p rov i n ces admi nistered by l a y men , amongs t ot h ers t h ose o f F errara an d C am Governmenteri ar e for sendingpermission deputation to h have a n The people are not a ccus t ome d t o l ay de l egates. Th ey re dep prelate uta re fuse obedience and res p ec t t o th ese l atter. They accuse appointed.. the them of confining their interest to their own families, and there is nothing even to their wives which does not give rise to questions of precedence and etiquette. In a word, the Government which, to satisfy this pretended desire of the populations to be presided over by laymen, reserved a certain number of places for them, finds this disposition opposed by the population themselves (25). In the city of Rome, the centre of Government, the number of prelates, whether priests or non-priests, en gaged in the - administration is necessarily more consider able than in the provinces. Nevertheless, the numerical superiority in favour of the laymen is striking, and leads to the same conclusions. These are the statistics, reckon ing by Ministerial departments. The office of the Secre tary of State for Foreign Affairs, not reckoning those em ployed abroad, is comprised of five ecclesiastics and 19 lay men. The principal of these ecclesiastics, such as the Car dinal Secretary of State and'his substitute, are not priests any more than the greater number of the prefects who are marked here as ecclesiastics. The Council of State reckons three ecclesiastics and five laymen. The Ministry-of the Interior comprises 22 ecclesiastics, including amongst them the 15 presidents of provinces of whom I have already spoken, and 1,411 laymen. The Ministry of Finance reckons three ecclesiastics against 2,017 laymen. The Ministry of Commerce and Public Works reckons two ecclesiastics to 161 laymen. The Ministry of Police, two ecclesiastics to 401 laymen. The Ministry of War has not a single ecclesiastical functionary. The Ministry of Justice, including the superior tribunals, which are of a mixed nature, reckons 59 ecclesiastics to 937 laymen. This number of 50 ecclesiastics is divided in the following man lier In the Ministry, 1 ecclesiastic, 18 laymen. In the Tribunal of the Segnatura (Cour de Cassation), ecclesiastics, 8 laymen. In the Tribunal of the Rota (the superior court of civil jurisdiction), 12 ecclesiastics and 7 laymen. In the Civil Tribunal, 3 ecclesiastics and 116 laymen. In the Tribunal of the Consulta (the superior court of criminal jurisdiction), 14 ecclesiastics and 37 laymen. In the Criminal Tribunal, no ecclesiastics, 37 laymen. In the Tribunal of the Bishop, 9 ecclesiastics, 17 laymen In the Tribunal of the Apostolical Chamber, 9 ecclesias tics, 16 laymen. In the Provincial Tribunals of First and Second Instance, both criminal and civil, 620 laymen, no ecclesiastics. In the Archives, Chamber of Notaries, &J., 16 laymen, no ecclesiastics. In different offices, 1 ecclesiastic, 6 laymen. Fundamentally the tribunals aro the nurseries of the Roman prelates. There it is that they servo their appren ticeship and prepare their career. In order both to surround itself with administrators wear ing the ecclesiastical dress,and to introduce not only into the administration, but also into the Sacred College, and even to the very throne itself, those enlightened views gained in practice, by experience in business, and at the seine time, as I have alread3 said, to open the door to the lay element, the Court of Rome has always sought to group around it a cer tain number of men chosen with cure, who have no desire to be priests, and to whom a career is opened. Twelve or 15 prefects' places in the provinces would not suffice for recruiting, apprenticeship, and recompense of services. The superior {tribunals have been reserved to satisfy this imperious necessity. The total number of ecclesiastic.; em ployed in the interior of the Pontifical States does not ex ceed the number of 98. Against this we find there are 5,059 laymen in office. This gives 52 laymen to 1 eccle siastic.* Leaving out of consideration the superior tri bunals of the capital, some of which, like that of the bishop, have exclusively ecclesiastical attributes, we find that there are only 36 ecclesiastics employed for the whole administra tion of the Pontifical States (26). The employments reserved for this small number of in dividuals are not the merely secondary ones. The places which they fill are the most important, otherwise their in fluence would be nil. It is right to say, also, that in spite of prejudice the ecclesiastical habit still inspires a certain degree of respect, which aids the action of government. The people pay no deference to the lay functionary, and do not forgive him his superiority in rank and office in the same manner as they forgive an ecclesiastic. I have seen formerly, and I see still, lay functionaries exposed to personal attacks much more violent than those to which ecclesiastics are liable. This is no doubt a con tradiction, but it is nevertheless an incontestable fact (27). Is it possible to believe that the happiness and the repose of the populations are powerfully affected by the presence of such a small number of persons, who, I repeat, have for the most part nothing of the ecclesiastic but the habit? Evi dently the question does not lie in that direction, because it is not here that wo must seek either for the evil or the remedy. On tho side of the opponents, however little they may understand the true situation of thing., the secularisa tion indicated as a remedy is nothing more now than a trap used to introduce opinion froin without, and to attaok the Pontifical Government in its very principle. The opponents do not at present dare to say we want no more with the Pope; the expression of such a wish would occasion alarm. They content themselves with saying wo want no more with the priests. This mitigated formula has the double advantage of appealing to the sympathies which exist among those populations which know of no other priests than such as preach and say mass, and at the same time to strike a blow in the direction of their end, and to prepare the ruin of the temporal power of the Papacy. It is the duty of those who by conviction and interest are the de fenders of the order of things essentially connected with the maintenance of Catholic unity, and the principle of authority in the world, to be on their guard against ap pearances, and to estimate at their just valuation the ex aggeration of the numerous and ardent adversaries of the greatest and most fruitful of the institutions which the ages have loft us (28). After having shown in what consists the pretended ex clusively ecclesiastical character of the Roman administra tion, it is essential to examine how it works ; and whether in effect its action is so contrary to the interests of the populations that they have a legitimate cause of complaint, and of invoking the support of other nations to put a ter mination to the evils by which they are overwhelmed (29). Formerly the ancient traditions of the court of Rome were faithfully preserved. Every modification of esta blished customs, every amelioration was looked upon with an evil eye, and was considered to be full of danger. The administration was confided exclusively to the prelates. The laity were by law forbidden to hold the highest offices in the state. In actual practice the different powers of the state were often confounded. The principle of Pontifi cal infallibility was applied to questions of administration. Society saw the personal decision of the sovereign over turning the verdicts of the tribunal, even in civil matters. The cardinal secretary of state, the premier, in the full force of the word, concentrated in his own hands every power. Under his supreme direction the different branches of the administration were confided to persona who were clerks rather than ministers. The ministers formed no council, and never deliberated together on public affairs. The management of the public finances was carried on in secret. No information was given to the nation as to the expendi ture of its own money. Tho budget was a mystery, and it was often discovered that it was net made out, and that the accounts were not closed. Lastly, municipal freedom, which above everything else is appreciated by the popula tions of Italy, was restricted within the narrowest limits (30). From the very day when the Pope Pius IX, mounted the throne, he made, we aro entitled to assert, continuous efforts to sweep away every legitimate cause of complaint against the public administration of affairs. I will not content myself with appealing to the commencement of his reign. Betrayed by the very men whom he had, recalled from banishment, deceived in the most flagrant manner by the lay ministers who wore placed about him, in obedience to a principle of complete secularisation, and who had no hesitation in publishing to the world that their sovereign had given his assent to measures which he had in fact dis tinctly and formally rejected; carried rapidly along by a system of pure administrative reform to the establishment of a constitutional regime, which being destitute of all real strength, and without the slightest support from the nation, gave way at once to the republic, threatened even in the very Interior of his palace by an armed insurrection, the Pope had no other resource loft if he wished to pre serve his liberty and independence than that of leaving his dominions (31). We must do him the justice to allow that, in spite of the unfortunate termination of his attempts at reforms, he never abandoned his pro jects of amelioration, and has been unceasingly occu pied with endeavours to put them in •practice. I will give a brief sketch of the principal governmental and administrative acts which have emanated from the Papal Government. On his return from Gaeta, Pope Pius IX. proclaimed the principle of the right of admission of the laity to all offices save and except ono only, that of Secretary of State. This was the first time that the spec tacle was soon of the Pontifical Government choosing conn clitoris of the highest dignity from the ranks of the laity. This principle has been consecrated by the presence of a cer tain number of laymen amongst the Ministers and the dele gates. Already bad civil and criminal law been the object of complete revision. Different codes of procedure in civil and in criminal cases as well as a code relating to commerce, all founded on our own, enriched by leitsons derived from experience, had been prornuleted. I have studied these carefully. They are above criticism, Tho Code des Hy pothequos has been examined by French jurisconsults, and has been cited by them as a model document (32). The Roman law, modified in certain points by the canon law, was held as a basis of civil legislation (33). The different powersof the State wore carefully separated and defined. Distinct Ministerial boards, differing in autho rity, were created, each operating within the special circle of its duties. A Council of Ministers, under the presidency of the Secretary of State, was appointed, and business was always subjected to the test of discussion. At the same time, the greatest respect for the independence of the judi ciary power was proclaimed and practised. A Council of State, for the preparation of laws, composed of men the most intimately versed in administrative matters, comprising Prince Orsini, Prince Odoscalchi, the Advocate Stoltz, and Professor 0 rioli, was appointed for the purpose of enlighten ing the Government, by previously investigating all projects prepared in the Ministerial Boards. A Council of Finance, composed of members nominated by the Sovereign, after a freeelection of the municipal bodies, was specially appointed for the supervision of the expenditure of the State revenues. This Council is only deliberative, or consultative, in the dis cussion of primary budgets. - Unless this worts the case it would be a chamber of deputies. In respect, ho wover, of past Since the date of tho official summary, from which I ob tained all these details, the development in all the ministerial departments has been such that the number of laymen, either actively employed or at the disposal of the government, has risen to about 8,560. The Consulta is occupied with the task of reducing it to 6,000. The number of ecclesiastics remains the same. The proportion in favour of the Wes is now as BO to A, [PRICE 4i). STAMPED 513 accounts, when the matter is to verify the exact application of the regulations established beforehand by the budget, its decisions havo the force of law. Every year the state ac counts, and all the projects which whether nearly or re motely are connected with finance, are placed before it by the Ministers. For the first time in the history of the Pon tifical States, we have seen the bead depositaries of power compelled to give an account of their doings to the represen tatives of the nation. For the first time, the public ac counts have been properly published at the commencement of the time of their application, and consequently subjected to the control of the nation itself. Municipal organisation has been, at the same time, the object of a complete reform. .Local interests occupy much of the attention of the Italian mind, and aro the objeot of marked predilection. It would be difficult to respond more completely to this want than has been the case in the now organisation. The most• highly taxed inhabitants of the commune, to gether with those who have acquired high degrees in the university, form together an electoral body, which have the direct nomination of the municipal councillors. The latter in their turn prepare, by the mode of election, a list of candidates, from which the Government chooses the members of the provincial council. The latter, in the same way, make a list of persons from which the Holy Father selects members of the Consulta of State for Finance. A. great latitude both in the creation and expenditure of re sources is left both to the communal and to the provincial councils. It is not the representatives of the Government who are charged with the administration of the funds of the com mune, or of the province. • This trust is confided to an exe cutive commission elected by the council which it repre sents, and which remains en permanence during the whole of theiuterval between ono session and another. The dele gates or prefect have only tho power of supervision, and take no direct part in the management of provincial or communal busiuoss. This system has already been the occasion of many ameliorations of all kinds in the. Pontifi cal States • many roads—an iinportant,benat—have been made, and useful improvements instituted. Never theless, in certain points the equilibrium between receipts and expenditure Las been disturbed. Tho small towns have taken to building theatres, and a qiiiistion is now mooted whether it would not be proper to limit the dia. cretion left to the municipal power, and extend•the super vision exercised by government authority. At othet times, and in every other country, such reforms and institutions would have been accredited to their author (34). In the interior every new concession has had the effect of creating greater wants. Abroad these essential changes introduced into the older order of things, these incessan , , efforts of the Pontifical Government to ameliorate the lot of the popula tions, have passed unnoticed. People have had ears only for the declamation of the discontented, and for the per manent calumnies of the bad portion of the Piedmontese and Belgian press. This is the source from which public opinion has derived its inspiration ; and in spite of well established facts, it is believed in most places, bat parti cularly in England, that the Pontifical Government has done nothing for its subjects and has restricted itself to the perpetuation of the errors of another age (36). I have only yet indicated the ameliorations introduced into the organi sation of the administration. I must mention the acts of thelPontifigal Government and the results obtained. Above all, let us remember that never has a more exalted spirit of clemency been seen to preside over a restoration. No vengeance has been exercised on those who caused the overthrow of the Pontifical Government, no measures of rigour have been adopted against them. The Pope has contented himself with depriving them of the power of doing harm by banishing them from the land. No im prisonment, no trials even had taken place, except occasion ally in consequence of the obstinacy of certain individuals I who, insisting on being tried, have been condemned, and punished by being presented with a passport. As to the flagrant conspiracies which followed the return of the Pope, it was his bounden duty to take measures against them, as well as against the assassinations which followed them. These measures were taken in the most regular manner. The Holy Father never failed to mitigate the rigour of the sentences. A largo number of individuals, the most com promised, obtained their liberty after a certain time with out the condition of exile. At the present moment it is difficult to ascertain the exact number of persons who are forbidden to enter the Roman states for political reasons ; but with respect to the number of those who were the authors of the revolution of 1849, it is considered that it does not amount to a.hundred. This extreme mildness of treatment, however, has not availed to preventthe English Parliament from accusing the Pontifical Government of cruelty (37). I come now to questions of administration. We know the cost of revolutions. The Roman republic met its ex penses by creating a paper currency, which soon suffered considerable depreciation. The Pontifical Government did not hesitate to recognise these assignats, and undertook the task of withdrawing them from circulation by buying them up. The operation was successful, although the sum was very large. It amounted to 7,009,000 scudi, rather more than the annual revenue of the state. The same pro portion applied to France would have given from 800 to 900 millions. The assignats now have totally disappeared from circulation, and the notes of the Bank of the Pontifical State, the only notes now current, are of equal value with the metallic currency, and are generally at par. This re markable result goes for nothing with the detractors of the Pontifical administration (38). Tho Roman Bank, originally a French foundation, re sponded but very imperfectly to the wants of commerce. It was remodelled, and became the bank of the Pontifical States. It has established branches in the provinces, has extended the circle of its operations, has given and still gives great assistance to trade, and to the Government., and has shown that it stands on a solid basis, by passing with safety through many groat crises. The Pontifical Government, directing its attention with great propriety to the means of augmenting the revenue derived from indirect taxation, has revised the custom house duties. It has lowered the duty on a great number of articles, and is at this moment preparing a new measure more complete and more general in its operations. Postal and commercial treaties have been concluded with France awl other states upon the widest basis, and in con fortuity with those principles which are adopted elsewhere as being iu unison with the idea of progress. The system of farming the • indirect revenues has been abolished. The Government undertakes the direct ma nagement of the salt and tobacco trade. Important pro fits have been realised, and the success of the management is certain. _ _ In spite of considerable burdens which wera occasioned by the revolution and left as a legacy to the present govern ment, in spite of extraordinary expenses caused by the re organisation of the army, in spite of numerous contribu tions towards the encouragement of public works, the state budget, which nt the commencement showed a tolerably large deficit, has been gradually tending o wards equilibrium. I have had the honour recently of pointing out to your ex cellency that the deficit in 1857 has been reduced to an in significant sum, comprised for the most part of unexpected expenses and of moneys reserved for the extinction of the debt. The taxes remain still much below the mean rate of the different European states. A Roman pays the state 22f. annually, 63 millions being levied on a population of three millions. A. Frenchman pays the French Government 45f., 1,600 millions being levied on a population of 35 millions. These figures show demonstratively that the Pontifical states with regard to so important a point must be reckoned amongst the most favoured nations. The expenses are regulated on principles of the strictest economy. One fact is sufficient to prove this. The civil list, the expenses of the cardinals, of the diplomatic corps abroad, the mainte nance of the Pontifical palaces and the museums, cost the state no more than 600,000 crowns (3,200,0001.) This small sum is the only share of the public revenue taken by the Papacy for the support of the Pontifical dignity, and for keeping up the principal establishments of the superior ecclesiastical administration. We might ask those persona so zealous in hunting down abuses whether the appropria tion of 4,000 crowns to the wants of the princes of the Church seems to them to bear the impress of a proper eco nomy exercised with respect to the public revenue (39). The organisation of the army bail been the object of as siduous care. Not only have the native troops received re wards, and been elevated to the number of 12,000 men, but a body of 4,000 Swiss has been raised, and novel regu- Ittions foued)d on those in use amongst ourselves have been promulgated. The principles of administration fol lowed in the management of our forces have been adopted and put in practice. The appearance of the Roman sol diers at present elicits praise from all who have seen them. If the Government could give them fidelity and energy with the uniform and the musket, there would be no need to apply to foreigners for assistance. Even in this direc tion, however, the Government has performed all that was incumbent upon it to do, and if its success has not been complete, the fault is not in it, but in the very nature of the national mind. At the same time the state finances have been re-organised, and in spite of the limited re sources of the budget, numerous sums have been devoted to the encouragement of commerce and arts. A great num ber of roads have been opened in various parts of the country, the port of Terracina has been enlarged, works of drainage have been executed in the Pontine Marshes. The marsh of Ostia is now in process of Woe- drained, and via ducts of remarkable importance have been constructed in several places (40). Steam navigation has been introduced on the Tiber ; thanks to a good system of towing, the port of Rome has been visited by a larger number of vessels than was formerly the case (41). The city hasbeen lighted with gas, electric telegraphs have been introduced, conces sions of railways have been made. That of Frascati, which is to be extended to Naples, will soon be opened. A ne gotiation is on foot for an important line, which is to con nect Rome with Ancona and Bologna. The construction of the railway to Oivita Vecchia has been granted to a company which will commence operations immediately (42). Agriculture has been equally the object of encourage ment by the Government. Prizes have been established for the encouragement of gardening and the raising of stock. Lastly, a commission, composed of the principal landed proprietors, is now studying the hitherto insoluble ques t tion of draining the Campagna of Rome, and filling it with inhabitants. if the Roman people were capable of helping themselves, or were eager for work, if their ambition was itedtothe attainment of a restricted income ju s t lstuoffitev limited if they nt to satisfy the primary w a nts of nature, without the expenditure of much fatigue, if they were to profit, as is the case elsewhere, by the facilities offered to them for the employment of their energies and pecuniary resources, the country might spring up rapidly to prosperity. But they allow all opportunities to escape them, and abandon to foreigners all useful undertakings. To make progress in the direction alluded to, Government cannot, it is clear, substitute its own action for that of private industry. (43.) Nevertheless there are numerous proofs of public energy to be seen. Now buildings, for example, a re very numerous; the price of lodgings and food of all kinds is increasing ra pidly. Commercial relations are extending. Important profits are being realised in agricultural and financial ope rations. Considerable fortunes are being made. The condi tion of the population is that of comparative ease. Thq rush together in crowds at the first signal of public rajoilc; ing or pleasure. On these occasions their listlessness, usceualof carried to exc ess , i s l a id on one side. An aPP?arBaaiety prosperity strikes the eyes of the least o bservant- of of the most e x p ans i ve ki n d i s to be trace d on We f aces all. It may be asked whether this can be the miseries excite to such a degree the Europe ? There is in truth misery hereple whose elsewhere, but it is infi asuredclimates. Mere ne nitely less heavy than in less favo ured charity cessities are obtained cheaply. Pri vate "ercked• Establishments of pu ) commiseration of is largely 1 lic charity are numerous ' ..... : . :; )7. : ,.. e.; -. C.-4.-- -- g- - 3-- . V 7-2 14 and effective. Here also the of the g,over perceptible (44). Important am Itiat ions have bee - d aced into the administration of i tale and psis.o6). Some of these prisons should be visit hat this visikr nay admire —the term is not too strong—therstferin.Ma r ity op produced happy reason, r of the Holy-Father. Iwill not extend this enumerati on . What I h ave said ought to be sufficient to prove that all the measures adopt e d b y t h e P ont ifi ca l Ad m i n i stration. that t there they have rbea m al a rey rk ad e f es a u u lt d s ; I) re i n g rh e o ti rt ;hat , is not a single detail of interest to the well-being either moral or material of the populations which has escapedthe attention of the government, or which has not been treated in a favourable manner. In troth, when certain p ersons , say to the Pontifical Go vernment, " Form an administration which may have for its aim the good of th e people,". the government mig ht reply, " Look at our acts, an d con d emn us if you dar The government might a s k, no t on l y which of its acts is' s subject for legitimate bl a m e , b u t i n w hi ch of its duties ' lt has failed. Are we then t o b e t o ld th a t th e Pontifical G vernment is a model—that it ha s no weaknesses and im perfections ? Certainly not ; but its weaknesses and /elver. tedious are of the same kind as are met with in all govern. ments, and even in all men, witha very few exceptions (46) The Pontifical Government is a government compos e d o f Romans, acting after the Roman fashion. It mistrusts, fears, hesitates at, dreads responsibility; it is fonder of exa. mining than deciding. It likes alternations and accommo dations. It is deficient in energy, in activity, in taking the initiative, in firmness, as is the case with the nation itself. But although we may be permitted to attack any one who neglects his duties, it is unjust to impute it as a crime to any one that he has not the genius of a Sixtus V., of a Colbert, of a Naeo!ss I am perpetually in. errogating those who come to me to denounce what thsycall the abu ies of the Papal Government. This expression, it must be retire aibered,is consecrated, and is above criticism or objection. It is held ae gospel. Now, in what do these abuses consist? I have never yet beam able to discover. At least the facts which go by that name are such as are traceable to the imperfections of human na ture, and we need not load the Government with the direct responsibility for the irregularities committed by some of its subordinate agents. lam told that the custom-houses ask travellers for a pour boire. This is without doubt a very blameable custom, but would the secularisation of the Go vernment cure the country of a vice deeply ierplanted in. its nature, would it hinder the people from being always ready to hold out the hand? If this sad tendency was car ried out on a large scale there would be reason for alarm ; but whatever may be ta'd of the venality of the Pontifical administration, it would be impossible to quote a single au thent'sate 1 and notorious feet, unless we accept as genuine the current coin of calumny. In any case if we see any one be coming rich it is always a layman. I have neverseenaprelate augment his property by illicit means. The fortunes which are made, and which may easily be cited, originate in either banking or agricultural operations. Nothing shows that there is any trading with power, or appropriation, of the State Funds. To pretend that no act of faithlessness is committed would be irrational. No country is beyond the reach ofsuch misfortunes; but what may be maintained is this, that if they take place in the Pontifical States, they do so on a small scale, and that the public service and public morality are not affected by them in a sensible manner. The imperfections of the judiciary system are often cited. I have examined it closely, and have found it impossible to discover any serious cause of complaint. Those who lose their causes complain more loudly and more continuously than is the custom in other places, but without any more reason. Most of the important civil cases are decided in the Tribunal of the Rota. Now, in spite of the habitual licence of the Italian criticism, no one has dared to express a doubt of the profound knowledge and exalted integrity of the Tribunal of the Rota. If the lawyers are incredibly fertile in raising objections and exceptions—if they lengthen out law suits—to what is this fault to be attributed except to . the peculiarity of the national genius ? Lastly, civil law is well administered. Ido not know a single sentence the justice of which would notbe recognised by the best tribunal in Europe. Criminal justice is administered in a manner equally unassailable. I have watched some trials throughout their whole details. I was obliged to confess that all necessary precautions for the verifications of facts, all possible gua rantee for the free defence of the accused, including the publication of the proceedings, were taken (48). The sen tomes are occasionally delayed, the processes are prolonged. These, however, are inconveniences, not unpardonable crimes. When Italian witnesses shall learn to give their evidence without being intimidated by the presence of the accused and the fear of his vengeance, the delays will be less. Our French councils of war byre the greatest difficulty in ob. tattling depositions, and are often forced toewploy severity for this purpose. Against tendencies of this kind the Go• vernment can do nothing. Much is said of the brigands who, we are told, lay the country desolate. It has fallen to our lot to pass through the country in all directions without seeing even the aim dow of a robber. It cannot be denied that from time to time we hear of a diligence stopped, of a traveller plun dered. Even one accident of this kind is too many; but we must remember that the Administration has employed all the means in its power to repress these disorders. Thanks to energeticmeasure', the brigands have been ar rested at all points, and punished. When in France a diligence is stopped, when in going from London to Wiud sor a lady of the Queen's palace is robbed of her luggage and jewels, such an incident passes unnoticed, but when on an isolated road in the Roman States the least fact of this nature takes place, the press, eager for a pretext, prints tie news in large characters, and cries for venge ance on the Government. On the side of Rome, the at tacks which have taken place at distant intervals have never assumed an appearance calculated to excite anxiety. In the Romagna organised bands have been formed,which, taking advantage of the neighbouring Tuscan frontier, easily escaped pursuit, and were for a time to be dreaded. The Government declared unceasing war against them, and after 'several engagements, in which a certain number o f gendarmes were either cilled or wounded, these bands have been in a great measure dispersed (49). To conclude, we shall be obliged to confess, upon inves tigation, that the Pontifical Government has not failed in its task, that it has proceeded regularly in the road of re form and amelioration, and that it has realised a consider able progress. If agitation is still kept up, the cause of it will be found is the character of the nation itself, in its ambitious views directed to unattainable objects. We must recognise, lastly, that the remedy for this sad situa tion of things is not to be found in a crowd of measures which, modifying an order of things perfectly unconnected with the evil, would only make the evil much greater and more dangerous still by exalting its hopes, tied byreducing it already much shaken to the last degree of impotence and. weakness (50). If the Seve - reign of the Pontifical States were not at the same time Head of the Church, his preservation or hisrnia would be oflittle importance. But the cause of Catholicism is at stake in this matter. For thisreason it is that so high a degree of interest is so justly consideredby the great Ca tholic powers to attach to the interior condition of the Roman States. These powers have a profound feeling of the dangers which would threaten themselves even in the event of a new revolution, and they understand what a re construction of the temporalpower of the Papacy on a new basis might cost Europe. Religions passions being un chained simultaneously with political passions, the gravest perhaps even the bloodiest conflicts might arise. The prudence of statesmen induces them to seek for the means of anticipating and preventing such fatal complica' tions (51). Attention is naturally directedtowards the nature of the concessions necessary to satisfy the populations. Unhappily these populations are not to be satisfied. I think I have proved this. By destroying the Pontifical authority a numerous party, but not the whole nation, is sure to be satisfied. By the establishment of a constitutional regime, which would appear, however, to be little in harmony with the power of the head of the church, a large number of individuals would be equally satisfied ; but, as I have said, the one party as well as the other would rapidly allow public business to fall into the hands of the most violent section. M. Rossi, who wanted neither the neces sary talent nor the good will, had devoted himself to the task of introducing into the Pontifical states a Parlia mentary regime. It might have been believed that he might have reckoned on some support. The event teaches us that he completely failed in obtaining this support. Nobody was found'in the moment of danger to support or defend him. No voice was raised to deplore his violent death, still less to invoke vengeance for the deed. It is in the highest degree impossible, in the midst of passions which are dividing the minds of men, to create a truly popular Administration. But allowing-the attempt to be successful, such an Administration would find no more defenders at a critical moment than Count Rossi found when endeavouring to carry his undertaking to a successful termination (52). Simple reforms content no ono. I think I have abundantly shown that this is not the question, and that, besides this, the movements of the Pontifical Government are far from being such as to give occasion for tho populations to consider themselves damaged in their legitimate interests. Reforms would be wonien tarily granted by certain parties only on considerat'en of the damage and loss of popularity which they might inflict upon the Pontifical Government. We cannot even see to what combination we could have recourse. A profound investigation of tho true situation of things gives no precise indications as to the course to be adopted in this matter. In what direction are media tions to be employed ? How far are they to be carr ied? With regard to this point the greatest uncertainty ex i sts. Now, modificatious can bear no good fruit unless they are clearly natur e se o e f tb th e i oaso e ro indicated We consequently eqnently spectacle aeh is u the nu t m t o h a u t contradictory views being promulgated according to the nature of individual opinions. Certain persons who have already succeeded once in de priving the Holy Father of his tiara, 'not for their own profit, but for that of the demagogues, are accused of en tertainiug the project of dividing the Pontifical state into two portions, one of which is to be governed by a delegate of the Holy Father. Such a combination as this, I con. fess, appears to me to present the greatest danger. There is no doubt that it would open the door to revolution, and. that it would take advantage of the r evo l u ti on attracted by the expectations founded 'upon certain success. The population would have less respect for their lay overnor t o li r o a w n f o o rr a d h r e p p r o e f s b e I n o o t d d to l e d g mouths the fall of th e Sovereign pontiff e a f te eti s. 4 hi Thoy would no g t risk • wouldAth b o e e n d 0 n d e i a r f a o d f ew nt Bologna,anltalian eonstituent assembly would beconvoked and war would be declared against Austria. Allowing that will suec s w h li on ic l h d tne new power would be able to maintain its position, and could be given to the other half of the Pontifical states, fo will ask for equal share? What is to be done if thogr u r b ille t g at they rection to gain their ends, and bow can We doubt will the Pa "codmi:ialsantiosffybineigngthaebpoandpoulnaetdi,ons, and what answer will resort to extreme nieasuros ? T a e t t::. e d and Catholic pacy be plundered, its eninnie n e ,os ' t dangerous agitations. Europe become a prey to thethat the Pope would meet In any case, we must e xpect o at desperate resistance. In such a project with the m eld deserve to have a brevet of reality, if he did not h : e r to him in the presence of all radical incapacity deecreivehis assent to sucha plan; but whe- Europe. He wil lne L t r ; r yield, the Papacy would be struck ther he were to r es nd, and this is what the authors of this with a mortal nwdeurstand very well (53.) There would be combinationeny. d The Italians always depend for the com but o ne o re L i f their projects on foreign support. If this support ple wer e to f a il them they would adopt a proper course much mo re readily th a n would be imagined, l oo ki ng a t th e i r cc t would be necessary, however, that in AI situation. land and Sardinia the organs of the press should cease to excite the passions, and that the Catholic powers should continue to give the Holy See evident marks of sympathy But bow can we hope that enemies, animated with such a spirit as influences the opponents of the Holy Bee, would. put a stop to their attacks when they have been made to so remarkible a manner ? Ido not think that all the questions of this world must necessarily have a definitive eolittion. The Roman Ties. tion, in my opinion at least, has none. We can only, imp. cising a benevolent and attentive protection, avert thedans gers of a catastrophe, and prolong a provisional state of things which has at least the grand merit of preserving Eue rope from innumerable evils (54). Any Q om order of measures would only procipitati (2-.-., - Ztz--r:iz ,