The Sun. — London, England, 1840-11-21 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION LITERATURE. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. By Jon A , ELLlorso.v, M.D. Cantab, F. R S. Longman, London, 1840. .• In the generality of instances w e hold with the old G ree k adage that " a great hook is a great evil ;" but there arc exceptions to this rule, and the volume before us is one of them ; for though i;; a most bulky and corpulent octavo—a very Daniel Lambert among books, containing upwards of eleven hundred closely printed pages, yet it is so full of valuable information on the important subject of Human Physiology ; exhibits such extraordinary research on matters of the ab strusest kind ; is so ably reasoned ; and, above all, is so terse and perspicuous in its style, that, despite its cumbrous dimensions, even old Sam Johnson—who detested, what he called, a " big book"—would have acknowledged its claims on his attention, and hailed it as a great addi tion to the stock of useful literature. One of its principal recommendations with the general reader is the utter absence of any ostentatious display of learning ; the volume is less bur dened with medical and scientific technicalities than any work of the sort we are acquainted with ; indeed, Dr.Elliotson, the author, is studiously simple and lucid in his language, as though anxious to make himself intelligible to the most ordinary ca pacities. Another laudable feature we find in his volume, is the s)stematic and harmonious arrange ment of his very eliversified matter; he proceeds step by step with his subject, reasoning consecutively with the precision and method of a thoroughly-dis ciplined mathematician. It will not do to select a few chapters at random from his work ; so read, it will be apt to perplex one's attention ; in order to get a clear insight into its content-s, and the skill with which they arc disposed, the reader must begin with the beginning, and work way diligently to the end. In the first chapter of his volume, the Doc tor indulges in some general observations on the Corporeal Characteristic of Alan," which may be considered as the frame-work, or scaffolding of his subject ; and then proceeds to canvass the na ture and functions of 4. Mind," observing, " In contending that the mind is a power of the living brain, siad the e‘.:ere...iee cf it the functions of thee organ, I eintend for merely a plr-sical bet ; and no Caristidn "„ho ha, just conceptions of tile Author of Nature -Al Lec,itato to look boldly at Nature as she is, lest ha should discover facts opposite to the pronunciations of his revelation ; for the word and the works of the Al mighty cannot contradict each edict-. Bacon aceerd ingly, in a v ery memorable part of his writings, directs the physical inquirer to be uninfluenced by religious Opinions, as the more independently truth is pursued th e sooner will it be gained, and the sooner will the real meaning of a divine statement of natural things, and th e conformity of this to physical fact, be established. Ilia assertion, however, that the mind is a power of the living brain, is not an assertion that is material ; for a power or property of matter cannot be matter. Neither is it an assertion that this power cannot be a something immortal, subtle, immaterial, diffused through and con nected with the brain. A physical inquirer has to do with only what he observes. Ile finds this power, but attempts not to explain it. He simply says the living brain has this power, medullary matter though it be. Seeing that the brain thinks, and feels, and wills, as clearly as that the liver has the power of producing bile, and does produce it, and a salt the power of assuming certain form, and does crystallise, he leaves others at liberty to fancy an hypothesis of its power being a sub !le, immaterial, immortalsubstance, exactly as they fancy life to he a subtle fluid, or, perhaps, though very extra ordinarily, the same subtle fluid (if subtlety is immate riality and immortality), elucidating the subject no Wore than in the case of life, and equally increasing the buinher of its difficulties; as though we were not cre ated beings, or not altogether ignorant what matter is, or of what it is capable and incapable ; as though mat ter exhibited nothing but extension, impenetrability, at traction, and inertness ; and as though an Almighty could not, it it seemed good to him, have en dowed it, as he most evidently has, with the superad dition of life, and even of feeling and will. " 1 Nor does this assertion imply that the resurrection from the dead is impossible, or even improbable. Tho brain, and inquirer, finding the mind a power of the and abstaining from hypothesis, must conclude tt lat, in the present order of things, when the brain ceases to live the power necessarily ceases—that, in the language of Scripture, " Dust we are, and unto dust we all return—that our being is utterly extinguished. and we go back to the insensibility of the earth whence we were taken." Our consciousness of personality can afford no reason for imagining ourselves immortal and distinct from earth, more than brutes ; for this the fly possesses equally with the philosopher about whose head I t buzzes. The moral government of the world, the N nlinie reach of our acuteness the great improve " --- this pleasing hope, this fond desire, This longing after immortality ; ---- this secret dread and inward horror Of falling into nought," have been thought to completely harmonise with a life hereafter, but certainly fall so short of proof as to have left th e wisest of antiquity, Solomon, Socrates, Cicero, & c --in uncertainty,4s when they saw how death reduces to our pristine elements. The hope of immortality 31 'ired by such reflections, assisted by the desire of e lPlair,i ng every thing in some way or other, first, I 4 1 3 rebend, made men attempt to find, in the imag i ned et hereal e ssence of th e sou l, a reason for our not totally Peri s hi ng as our senses wou ld l ea d us t o suppose. But, hee ause we refuse to listen to a mere hypothesis re lPeetiog spirit, we are not neccessarily to deny the re trreetion. For if a divine revelation pronounce that re shall be another order qf things in which the mind sh e 4 " exist again, we ought firmly to believe it, because 1 „ 1 1 1t her our experience nor our reason can inform us at will be hereafter, and we must be senseless to ar t obj ec ti ons on a po i nt b e y on d th e penetration of U r faculties." •In th e chapter entitled " Hunger," Dr. Elliot °ll, in reply to the general opinion that attributes R i s sensation " to a sympathy of the stomach • 411 a general feeling of want in the system," re arks, that if hunger arose from fatigue of the t h t "aell, it should be greatest immediately after e laborious .act of digestion, and gradually de ass ; but on the contrary, it increases. Were i tation th e cause , h unger s h ou ld b e grea t e st when tare stomach i s filled with food. On the whole, therefore, lie considers that hunger " may be re arded as a sensation connected with the contracted sta te of the stomach." On this branch of his „ tl i ke.t:ts lie relates the following curious anecdotes : fo _ "lippoerat es sa y s t h at most o f t h ose w h o a b sta i n f rom ,_''ofor seve n d ays di e w i t hi n t h at per i o d ; an d if t h ey 1 7 1 ,rt n _t, and ar e even preva il e d upon to eat an d d r i n k , I they perish. Sir William Hamilton, however, saw !trl, sixtee n years of age, apparently not in bad health, was ext r i cate d f rom the ru i ns of a house at Op ti!ood ; us I n which she had rema i ne d e l even d ays w ith ou t t. an infant i n h er arms, b ut a few months o ld, abllied died on the fourth lilt n ay day, as the young are never so e to endure ahstinesntcoenshi absti n ence, moderate supply i of Water lengthens gentlem , ni" Dr. w lan was called to a yo ung ab s tained from everythingb'unt w ho h a d voluntarily fla voured with orange j u i ce, for sixty days little water, Just ; death ensued a fortnight. afterwards. Redicruelly found that of a umber of starved fowls deprived of water, none lived beyond the ninth day, whereas on e i n d ulged with water !Ives upwards of twenty. If the water is not swallowed, but imbib e d b y t h e sur f ace or l ungs , i t may also prolong 1 I fe• Foderee mentions some workmen who were extri 114ted alive at the end of fourteen days from a cold onp cavern in which they had been buried under a t r , u t o• In a b s ti nence equa ll y great i m b ec ili ty o f m i n d o , l ' . e , S place as of body ; ex t reme emac i a ti on an d ce d ema ' the le gs present a frightful spectacle." , 4,1, 1 11 1 . excellent chapter on " Digest i on " follows, ii, creed the author describes the nature and peen 416es of the ~1 gastric juice ; sonic of his remarks tt►ls head are curious ; but we should be doing ell' Qontr Justice were we to curtail then] ; and our gi t a ued limits pr ec lude the possibility of our Mthem at length. In the chapter on the ot' f ) ,, rt too of the Blood," we find sonic interesting 41141:c.usla.rs respecting the circulation of this fluid, ;tt, discoverer, Harvey : Wi t h out ` ~ ' Q uid not be right to terminate this section . ° I th e h a note upon the discovery of the circulation to h blood—a truth of which the ancients are thought qv _ e tn ,„ remained ignorant, from finding the arteries co PI after death. The discovery was made by our mews y t i ,l ot . Dr. Harvey, Phy s i c i an t o S t . B ar tholo- Ite "sPltol and promulgated by him at the e aur,e 4 forty- one , i n an anatom i ca l an d surg i ca l so of lect ures a t th e C o ll ege o f Ph ys i c i ans 4„,,, .,1 619 . Ile is e ntitl e d t o t h e g l ory o f say ri g ii i nrtle it, says H ume , by . reasoning alone, without Ras texture, of a cci d en t. H e informed B oy l e t h at h e to it by reflecting on the arrangement of the .f the heart and veins, as exhibited by his in 'I Pab r i c i us. Noth i ng, he knew, was planned bu t , std they clearly allowed a fl u id to pass li 0 " w ay. By this argument, and the f act o f .4 eeu tn ga , t ,, ur e upon an artery causing the bl oo d to v e i r Cgtte in it on t h e s id e neares t th e h eart , an d upon toYond the ligature ; and that on animals bled blast ed LI wounds in arteries or veins, he chit fly esta .4l"str 104 doctrine. After his time it was de tri4l, 4 ted with the microscope in cold-blooded ani tila ' a His immediate reward was general ridi tes • 11(1 abuse, and a great diminution of his prac- I ter and no plivsician in Europe, who at the time to t ,,, t e : d ell it ezl forty . years of age, ever, to the end of life, '1 1 , 4 is doctrine of the circulation of the blood. e truth could be denied no longer he was -441111( iiir 5 '6 og tar of Pa' au' ion r illY jig- the Ito leY pronounced a plagiarist ; the circulation was declared to have been known to Plato ; nay more, to King Solo • mon. The circulation through the lungs had certainly been taught about seventy years previously by Sorve tus, a Spanish physician of great anatomical knowledge, and original and active mind, who was slowly burnt to death in 1558, the fire being made to last two hours by means of wood, small in quantity and green, through Calvin, for not happening to be in all his writings of the same opinion as himself upon a point in divinity. Calvin was honourable enough to produce private letters in evidence of the difference of the opinions of Servetus from his own,and fancied himself to be a Christian." The chapter on " Respiration" is one of the most elaborate in the volume ; Dr. Elliotson has evidently put forth all his strength on this important part of his subject, and indeed may be fairly said to have exhausted it. His own opinions are, as he more than once assures us, the result of long practical experience, and, as w perceive by the notes, they are fortified by the opinions of the best medical authorities of the present, as well as of past, ages. From the chapter on " Animal Heat" we quote a passage illustrative of the power of the human frame to endure the two extremes of heat and cold : " air Joseph Banks, Sir Charles Blagden, and Dr. Solandcr, went subseluently into rooms heated to be tween 1913 des?. and 211 deg,—about the temperature of boiling water—and remained several minutes. If they breathed on the thermometer, it sunk several de grees, and every expiration felt cold to the scorched nostrils ; the thermometer under the tongue was 98 deg., and the body felt cold to the touch, though at 98 deg. Sir C. Blagden remained eight minutes in an apartment heated to 260 deg. The air felt hot, and for seven minutes the breathing was natural, but anxiety and oppression then came on ; the sensible heat of' the body varied but little. Dr. Dobson went into a room heated to 224 deg., and felt no oppressive heat, though every metal about him speedily became hot. A bitch of moderate size was subjected to a heat of 220 deg. In ten minutes the only sign of distress was that of holding out the tongue, and when taken out at the end of half an hour, the temperature being at 2:36 deg., the bottom of the basket was found wetted with saliva. The thermometer applied to her flank was only 110 deg., i. e. 9 deg. above the natural standard. In these rooms, eggs on a tin plate were roasted hard in twenty minutes ; beef-steaks cooked in thirty-three minutes ; and, if the air was impelled upon them in a stream, they were cooked dry.in e_bmit th:rten minutes. TiliEt and Dult!aswl el to that the young female servaet of a baker at RCellefOLIC itlit went habitually into ovens heated to 276 deg , and remained without great inconvenience for twelve minutes, taking care not to touch the oven. 'l' hese gentlemen them selves bore a heat of 290 deg. for nearly five minutes. Dr. Delareche and 1)r. Berger found various warm and cold-blooded animals support from 108 deg.. to 111 deg. for an hour and a half in heated dry air; but an elevation of about :30 dcg. beyond this killed them all, except a frog, in from half an hour to two hours. They themselves experienced a sense of scalding in a vapour-bath of 122 deg., and could not hear it more than about ten minutes ; while M. Letnonnier could not bear a water-bath of 130 deg. above about eight minutes. Hence, at the very high temperature of time surrounding medium there is more secretion by the skin in a vapour-bath than in dry air, and more in a water-bath than in a vapour-bath. " The striking prerogative of man, in respect of bearing a variety of temperatures, is evinced by his being re• stricted to no climate, but inhabiting every part of the earth, from Hudson's Bay, where mercury freezes, and from Nova Zambia, to the scorching shores of Senegal." At Sierra Leone, the mean temperature is 84 deg., and Watt and Winterbottom frequently saw it 100 deg., and even 103 deg., in the shade. At Senegal, it has been 108' 1 deg., and even 1171 deg. Duriog the sirocco, it is 112 (leg., in Sicily ; Humbolt saw it 10 deg. and 115 deg., at. Oronocco, in South America. On the other hand, at Nova Zembla the cold is so in tense that, when the sun sinks below the horizon, the polar bear is no longer seen, the white fox only enduring the cold. Yet the Dotal), who wintered there under Hemskerk (75 deg. N. L.), withstood the cold, if moving about and previously in good health. When some of our countrymen were on Churchill River, in Hudson's Bay, lakes tea to twelve feet deep were frozen to the bottom, and brandy froze in their rooms, though provided with tires. They suspended in their rooms red-hot twenty-four pounders, and kept an immense fire : but, if theso went down. the walls and beds ware covered with ice three inches thick. Yet in Hudson's Bay the Canadians and Esquimaux live and hunt in the coldest weather. Gmelin, sen., witnessed at Jeniesk. in 1735, a cold of-20 deg., that froze mercury and killed all the sparrows and jays- Captain Parry once observed a temperature of .52 deg., below zero. When the air was at —49 deg., the party used to walk on the shore. It was usually at-32 deg. The temperature of eleven out of sixteen foxes was from 100 deg. to 106 deg., of four about 100 deg., and of one only 98 deg., although the air was from —3 deg. to-32 deg. No relation was observable between the temperature of the body and of the atmosphere ; it thus appearing that tba tempera ture is more steady under cold than heat. I may here remark that, if an animal is drowned in hot water, a puppy or kitten, for example, in water at 90 deg. or 120 deg., the action of its hearrirreenrerahly ceases sooner than if it is drowned in cold water." In his account of the "Mental Functions of the Nervous System "—which the generality of read- ers will probably think the most entertaining chap ter in the volume-:--the author exhibits a great power of ingenious reasoning, and throws con siderable light upon a subject, much of which is still, we believe, involved in mystery. His cursory observations, also, on Phrenology are such as to entitle them to respectful attention, though we must honestly confess that we are among the number of those who are inveterate sceptics on the subject. Altogether, the volume is one of immense re search, and the various knowledge on all points connected with Human Physiology contained in it, must have been the slow and careful accumulation of years of thought and toil. THE FARMERS' ALMANAC AND CALENDAR FOR 1841. Ridgway, London. Since the repeal of the stamp duty on Almanacs the most remarkable change has been effected in the quality as well as quantity of those useful pub lications. Almost every trade and profession now have special almanacs for their own use, and we are glad to see that a class, the most nu merous, we believe, in the community, and perhaps, the most useful, have not been for gotten by the Moores of the present day. That published by Ridgway, and edited by Messrs. Johnson and Shaw, is an excellent work of this description. It contains besides the usual calendar and fairs, copious and interesting monthly notices on agriculture, horticulture, the management of plants and flowers, and at the end of each of these general notices giving the etymology of the month, the flowers in blossom, &c. &c. The following no tice on the present month will afford a fair specimen of this part of the work : GENERAL MONTHLY NOTICES—NOVEMBER. The early Saxon inhabitants of England called this Blott dilatant, or slaughter month, because in those primitive days winter feed was so scarce in England that it teas usual to kill and salt the greatest part of their winter meat in this month they called it also Wint Monath, or Wind Month, from the tempitu ous weather with which it is commonly accompanied. Its name is derived from the Latin Norm, nine, and Imber, a shower. It was so called in the Alban Ca lendar, and has preserved its name both in our island and on the continent. In this commonly wet and gloomy month, a few flowers continue to open upon us ; even towards its close, the sweet coltstoot, tussilogo frograns, comes into flower, as do some of the verlthetnia. The birds, however, begin to come nearer to our dwellings; the goldfinch locates himself in our gardens ; the Royston crow is seen nearer to towns ; the woodcocks arrive in numbers ; the fieldfare comes over about the 1-2 th of this month. On the 2t h of November, in 1628, was born the illustrious English naturalist, John Ray, the son of a blacksmith, at Black Noticy, in Essex. He is known to the general reader as the author of a work on the wisdom of God, as displayed in the works of creation. The labours of this great man, in exa mining and making known the native plants of this coun try, were of the most gigantic and valuable description. All his modest efforts tended to some good cud, and though not immediately to the farmers' benefit, yet, in directly, they were attended with no mean advantage to agriculture ; for he first cleared a hidden path, which others have since directed to a more practical purpose. Thus, when the late Mr. George Sinclair and others exerted themselves in introducing what is commonly too little attended to by the farmer, a better assortment of the native grasses for pasture, they all ;availed them selves of the assistance afforded by the able works of this great English naturalist. ST. CLEMENT DANES CHARITY SCHOOL. --By the recent death of Sir F. M. Ommanney this ancient and excellent institution was left without a treasurer. On Wednesday evening last a very numerous meeting of the trustees took place at the school-house, when David Boobbycr, Esq., of Stanhope-street, was unanimously elected to fill the onerous office. We understand that the report of the improve ment in the health of the Hon. Mrs. Cavendish is un founded. That lady continues in the most imminent danger. We are enabled to state that the accident which happened last W e d ne sday night, when the carriage o f Si r Francis Burdett was o v e rturned by coming in contact with a cart, bet ween T w i c k en h am and Ember -court, was un attended by any other consequences than the fright expe rienced by the ladies in the carriage. THE SUN, LONI/ON, SATURDA 1, NOVEMBER, 21, 1810. E BIBLE MONOPOLY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,—ln the Tinffs of phis morning, which has just arrived here, a leading article, in defence of the Bible monopoly appears, which cannot fail to call forth the reprobalion of every man who rega:ds the free distri bution of the word of God as of the first importance to the happiness and the peace of the wo:1d. In the middle of last year, the Bible monopoly in Scotland ex pired, and you with your accustomed earnestness for the public good, inserted in your paper the warrant issued by the Crown, authorising any persons in Scot land to print and publish the Scriptures, and appointing a Board or Committee to guarantee the purity of the text from interpolation and error. That Board is com posed of the law officers of the Crown, and the mode rator of the General Assembly for the time being, two divines, two laymen, and a Secretary, all of the Esta blished Church. Since the abolition of the monopoly, the price of the Scriptures have been reduced in sonic cases to nearly half their former cost to the public. The Timcs of this morning attempts to throw ridi cule on a speech made at Liverpool, condemnatory of the system which withholds "the bread of Heaven from a famished world," and insists that it is not a matter of any consequence whether a New Testament be sold for 7: 1 ,d. or Bd. The Board above-mentioned made a report in June last, and, as their opinion is exactly as oppo site to that of the Time: :Is their reputation and honour are above that of the leading Journal, 1 beg your kindness to insert too extracts in junta-position, one from the " Report of the Board of her Majesty's Sole and only Master Printers in Scotland, June, 1810, presented to both Houses of Parliament, by order of her Majesty. London : printed by W. Closes and Sons, 14, Charing -cross, for her Majesty's Stationary• office," and the other from the Times of this day : The Times, Nov. *2O, 1810. Report of Scotch Board, June, 1 . 40. "We utterly deny that any "It is not merely a ivies further lowering is to be de- lion as to the amount of re sired. We do not wish to see duction, by the effects of corn the Sacred writings so far re. petition, though even in this duced in price as to be the respect it is far from being cheapest thing that the Infidel undeserving of attention, but or Socialist. can buy for waste whether a vast number of in paper purposes. Already, the dividuals arc, or arc not, to be two great Societies have so far put in possession of the Sacred lowered their prices, that the Scriptures. In this way, a street-sweeper can possess him- very small diminution of price self of a copy—if he has hut acquires a magnitude and Um the inclination—out of a single portance - essentially cliiThrent week's savings. Whether the from what can be predicated in price of a school Testament respect of any other article of shall be 7,141. or Bkt., or that sale. The difference of a single of a llrgc Bible 4s. 3d. or penny in He of a Bible utterly deny to 1:w determin , dear after s. ear, a matter orty cf the na- vite,ther the v. - ord of God tional attention." or is not, to 'enlighten aed glad en thous=id,3 of The Boari further report that English Bibles can now be bought in Scotland at from t2O to 30 per cent, cheaper than they could he purchased in Eng land previously to the expiry of the former patent, and that there cannot be a doubt, from the number of edi tions of the Scriptures which are in preparation, that Bibles and Testiments will be sold for half the price they were sold at during the continuance of the nionodoly. The man who is so sunk in moral and religious feeling, whose mind is brought to the conclusion that it is unim portant whether a poor man pays nd.or for a Testa• ment for his family, must be an object of pity, even though he believes the unhappy proposition ; but what shall be said of the man who knows, or ought ti know, that the New Testament, under the system which no .v ob tains in Scotland, is sold, not for 71d. or 81., but for 3d., and who uses the argument of no difference between 73 : d. and a penny more kir the purpose of throwing dust in the eyes of those who do not understand the subject, and checking the distribution of the Word of Life without note or comment? Depend upon it, Sir, the speech which has given so much umbrage to the Times, the Bible Society, and the King's Printer, will do infinite good, by having rowed up the Thunderer to notice the subject—a subject so plain that it has only to be mooted to be soon understood ; and I venture to affirm that of the thousands of readers, of whom the Timcs boasts, there is not one friend to the distribution of the Bible, who will not see through his transparent article. That man must have attained the summit of arrogant self-importance and delusion, who does not see that this article of his ex hibits the terror of his friends the Puscyites. on the one hand, lest the Word of the Lord should have free course and be g!orified, and his friend the King's Prin ter, who dreads the loss of his unholy gains. I am, Sir, your obliged Servant, A MEMBER OF THE BIBLE SOCIETY. Ipswich, Nov. 20. 1840. GREAT MEETING OF DISSENT ERS TO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE IMPRISONMENT OF MR. W. BAINES. (Abridged from the Leicestershire lliercury.) On Monday evening a very numerous and highly-re spectable meeting of the friends of religious liberty, called by the Leicester Voluntary Church Society, was held in the New Hall Wellington-strcEt, in this town, to take into consideration the steps to be pursued with respect to the imprisonment of Mr. Baines-. Mr. JOHN THOROGOOD, who had arrived in town but a short time before, appeared on the platform, ac companied by Mrs. Thoragood, and was received with enthusiastic and protracted cheering. After the tumult of ,ipplAuke had subsided, he was moved into the chair. Mr. THOROGOOD then rose amidst the most hearty and continued cheering, and as soon as he could he heard, addressed the meeting as follows :—My friends and fellow-countrymen, it is under no ordinary circum stances that 1 appear before you. 1 hare just been I to see our excellent friend Mr. Baines in his prison ; but I feel great pleasure in knowing that he is not laid in that place " as a murderer, or as a thief, or na an evil-doer ;" but through the contrivances of rapacious, and cruel, and tyrannical priests.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) It often gratified my heart, when 1 remem bered how kindly he sympathised, with me, when I was lying in a damp and dreary dungeon. lam placed to night in a situation which 1 could not have wished ; nevertheless, I could not refuse therequest of my friends here, when my fellow-sufferer for conscience sake, Mr. Baines, who treated me with so much kindness, was l3ing within the walls of a prison. lam sure you will excuse me. I ant not accustomed to address public assemblies, and 1 have had very little intercourse or communion with men whom I can commune with, with satisfaction. There are friends around me who will address you, and therefore I shall sly no store at present.—(Cheers.) The Rev. E. MIALL rose amidst loud cheering, and stated that an invitation to attend the meeting had been given by the Voluntary Society to the Members for the borough, Messrs. Easthope and Ellis, and to that con sistent friend of religious liberty, Mr. Thomas Dun combe, M.P.—(Cheers.) It was with deep regret that be had to state that Mr. Easthope was suffering under severe indisposition, and could not therefore be present. Front Mr. Duncombe the following reply had been received : My dear wish it was in my power to be with you on Monday evening, but unfortunately I have engagements on that day which preclude the pessibility of my being able to be present at your meeting. I should like much to have witnessed that righteous in dignation which I am confident must be unversally felt, and I have no doubt will be boldly expresFed by the friends and fellow-townsmen of Mr, Baines, at this fresh act of cruelty and intolerance which the Esta blishment has thought it expedient to perpetrate. But after the encouragement and countenance which the Lords Spiritual as well as temporal gave, during the last Session of Parliament to the protracted persecu tion of poor John Thorogood by the Essex malig. nanis, I confess that I am not much surprised that other bigots should take courage and do likewise. How long this system is to last, I much fear must now de pend upon the energy and determination of the great body 01 Dissenters themselves, for if you rely upon the Government, or the House of Commons as at pre sent constituted, for redress, be assured you rely upon a broken reed, which, as was well said," not only basely fails, but also cruelly pierces the hand that rests upon it." With best wishes, I remain, my dear Sir, Your's very faithfully, THOMAS DUNCOM BE. The Rey. T. STEVENSON, proposed the first , reso lution, and bore the following testimony to Mr. Baines character. The enemies and some of the pretended friends of Mr. Baines, have been basely circulating the report, that he is a man of extreme, vicious, and vio lent party feeling—an ambitious man, desirous of h,:ing regarded as a martyr. I assure you, my respected fellow-townsmen, that I have known Mr. Baines for many years, and I feel hound thus publicly to state that Mr. Baines is a man of sound and sober views and feelings, both in polities and religion. 1 do not think that 1 ever heard a violent expression escape from his lips.—(hear.) I do not believe that a man of more in tegrity, and good sense, and modesty in the parish, ex ists, than my neighbour Baines. The Rev. E. MIALL seconded the resolutio n in an eloquent speech. We can o n ly g i ve a b r i ef extract : A few there will be, of necess i ty, whose little grovelling minds never can sufficiently expand as t o comprehen d the noble heroism displayed, when outraged conscience sets at defiance the laws of man, and takes its higher stand upon the law of God—a few will insist upon it, that it is ridiculous for an individual will to set itself above the will of the majority— a few who will stand calmly by and see the domains of c onsc i ence entered and its rights despoiled, and bless God that they are not political—(Hear, and lnughter),—who be fore the Toleration Act would have sneered at the at the davn of the Reformation would h ave h e ld up forwardness and obstinacy of John Runyan, an d their hands in pious horror at in the•violen ce o f M artin Luther—and who in every age, which principles have been tried with fire, would have sided with power wielded in whatever country, and allied to whatever creed.—(Cheers.) A few such men, Sir, may be found amongst us—but they constitute not the great body —nor can I believe that their influence will avail in this i nstance t o smo th e r the voice of public indignation, No, Sir, I have confidence in the right feeling and en ergetic action of Dissenters in this case—a confidence based on reasonabl e grounds. I look at their ances try, I read their history, I hear their professions, I examine their principles, and I find in them ail a gurantce for sympathy and exertion. They boast, cor vainly boast, of their nonconforming forefathers, who resisted ecclesiastical imposition in matters in volving a far less important principle than CArch-rates, and who, r a th er t h an yield up the r i g h ts of conscience,, even at the d emand ' of law, were content to sufl,2r indignities, at the very recollection of which hu manity shudders.— (Cheers.) I ask, can men be proud of such an ancestry and yet be allay want ing in this spirit ?—I read the history of Dissenters— I find that liberty both civil and religious, when driven from every other corner of the earth, has always found among them an asylum and a home.—(Hear, hear.) I hear the professions of Dissenters and examine their principles. ritual affairs e y repudiate affairs---the,,, declare etha t State i interference n religion tli with ey know no master but Christ—own no allegiance but to Him— and denounce as impious assumption the claims of any earthly Government to fix the creed of their subjects Now William Baines of Leicester is just actieg out their principles, just living up to the mark of their pro fessions, adding another page of glory to their history, imitating that con d uct and display i ng that noble spirit i(*.lir u c ia iti s t e.) their an ces t ors t h ey point to w i t h exultat i on.— I defy any man to be a consistent ad mirer of the one who sloes not cordially sympathise with the oth er . I challenge any gainsayer to lay his fiver upon the difference between the prin ciples acted upon by the two parties. What was right in them cannot be wrong in him—if he be condemned they are involved in his condemnation—in both cases the contending is for freedom of conscience —in both the law of man is set at nought—in both there is cilia), patient, and unmurmuring endurance— and there must be some intellectual and moral obliquity in that mind which can laud to the very heavens the heroism of a forme r age, and yet find nothing but a sneer for John Thorogood and William Baines.— (Hear, hear.) Up, I beseech you, sons of the Non confOrmists, up and be doing—(Enthusiastic cheer ing) awake from the slumber of these later days arouse yourselves. for auction summon your aslemblics—record your resolutions—manfully avow. your . solemn determination tell the Le gislature, in a voce like that of many waters, that you will be their butt and scorn no longer—lay aside all petty jealoudes—give to the winds all little and low born fears. Unite—deliberate—determine—lod !hen 53r,:0y itself ,0411 before yon ---the pr;• ,,, ) dnerc will fly orie end sly; c;,ptiv , 9,e f , q,h frr The Rn. :.ill.. uin cd reso lution anti concluded thus t—The very feet of an Esta blisioncnt supposes injustice and degradation to one part of the (mm 11111114 3 ,, and its inevitable tendency, so far as the spirit of the age will allow, is to every species of ty ranny and cruelty. No reform or alteration of it can ren der it other than a system of oppression and wrong. IN' c are opposed to it in every one of its Proteus forms, on religious grounds, on moral grounds, on social and poli tical grounds. We bcliere it to be anti-Christian in its principles, anti-social in its operations, deserving' the hatred and malediction of God and man. It has " been tried in the balance and found wanting." It is radically bad—irremediably vicious ; it reeks to heaven. If I may be permitted to repeat the reported saying of the great celebrity of our living essayists—" it reeks to hea ven, and only pleases the nostrils of the prince of the power of the air."—(Great cheering.) The Rev. T. Alai's seconded the resolution and ex pressed his firm conviction that the established episco pacy of this country is essentially tyrannical and perse cuting. Our only hope is in our own energies. it • must be ours to restore the Church to the position in which God himself' did place it, sustained by his throne, and obedient to his high commend. There must be an entire separation of th e Ch urc h f rom th e St ate ; the system is radically wrong ; no reformation can re may the evil. Established episcopacy has always been persecuting. With her money is every thing. but her money she holds most tenaciously. When ~Lncas o elay go—her ritual may go— t took with hi m hi s family end his household doctrines (o,di,sr—oy t i hi n e thin gs he loved best. Alen of Leicester—Fellow countrymen, you must awake— you must arouse yourselves, or you will be traitors to your country—traitors to your principles —traitors to your God. You must be prompt and 'decisive in your movements, that there may be a speedy and an entire separation of the Church from the State, that she „may no longer tyrannise over the consciences of men and insult heaven.—(Applause.) The resolutions being put from the 'chair, were.unani mously carried, and the meeting broke up. IMPRISONMENT OF MR. WIL LIAM BAINES FOR NON-PAYMENT OF CHURCH-RATES. cic c the I s v i r c i • t r s cr i c; u u t ry ni ) t 9 About half-past one, Mr. Dent, th e Sheriff's officer, en execution. On Frida ( y l , :r t o h m e I t 3 he th r , tered Mr. Baines's shop, and seeing him there, desiredto speak with him in private. H e then said that he had at last called to execute the long -expected writ. Mr. Baines immediately said, " My intention has been from the first, and remains unaltered, to let this case take its course, and to suffer imprisonment. I ask no favour, but 1 deem it my duty to inform you, that I am hourly expectin g my wife's confinement." The i officer expressed with some feeling, a wish that he had known it before, but declared that it was out of hit power to suffer Mr. Baines to go out of his presence. Meanwhile Mrs. Baines and a friend who had en gaged to dine with the family on that day at two o'clock, begun to wonder at the cause of his absence, and laughingly, in entir e ignorance of what had taken place, surmised that he might be gone to goal. His ucontinuederabsence,esi gad ion ntl (Into l eo v t i:vret shop, co o rn p e m, aennr(iyin ascertaining gentleman ie t t h hr e ttahieni nst,trhifra t, officer, he called on Mr. Dads, and afterw ar d s h astene d back to Mr. Bain es ' house, and cautiously commis- nicated the intelligence to Mrs. Brines. Although taken by surprise, she heard of the event with calm ness—calmness that nothing but high-toned principle could inspire. jo‘isn'tell'elhbys, prisoner' in lelobcc;kati.otvhle.e'n,,S,i.tal.:nf our to five Church Society S e laosc e t i s .e . e t ; i ng' met the arrange C onunlint rteael was s p sa o u is( f ) h r l i t e i ll e ol e n.o m fir V e n e o e t l t i i : , i n g, t a 3 n o r d n we b eli Payers o,e , w o c t remosmost offeredof for the A n ir i . s., B en ai t n in e g s and Chapelsltis fi,ountilhse, town on Sunday. On that day, his pr % i v l o i f ur e nt , egh g omaeth‘ , o a cdveithd ‘ ,plinh . ttt e e,o.,hodmtna l i ) osrnn i te,h r id(oisni t oni, l it i t,tr,.eihh;hec t iiilrioh o enhee_s a a n ( d ia e u o g t h ig te e r gat l i n o aies n t e h i e a, i at ts:ctes:do' Bond-street o ras i g n o n t ! di ( :is:, school-room iniir':lecooyeormtlec- commend Chapel,ontnrombqineuer attached :d al C AL b tre a .ir p i yßet'ltihoi:se'caGsssoethwiv.ronged, and earnest prayers were put up to , God t boon publichi s meeting on tniriig.Aofl itgofAeosairftosoorptdi.uiecal redrc3, Monday, , il,ci,t.toefoo.rerlettrov:p3ll,:a., n(e.oss, IttreulaKeansgdl,,ai,rninperellgodurro..cedbld: trsairosellltlooedhncn:i ttila t e h tlaiirnl a it,toln, t eionee, a sgislts:s. t e n ztclsidno e . idmuttiriltotitheireAliisesiii)rl,eß:awsAgaechinee,iu.rdncs je l s t o..oabtnpnl y ti,: e e.iitnhp s ec u rdi b s j oi a ,n i e t er i "11. should to Mr. Baines on behalf of the meeting, and the Dis senting ministers were requested to act as a deputation, with Mr. Thorogood, the Chelmsford victimib,iostuctre:atnri;r: their wishes into effect. The friends of Mr. B athe ; were, at the same time, invited to testify their respect for him, and the cause for which he suffered, by j o i ning ce i ti n iricsirl a ,e(l);ai p sbt u sioi l e ; nl l t i l, c hpli.o p reiu r ds o ro c iiiyi e :ere s ra s : i r : si n ceoltfi‘ t c o olai n..zo t eg, h c, brothers followed. The Dissenting ministers with Mr. I,‘l i t o u t rt e si r iee e i interested : eurdat,o_, The partv , throu ,o l the tmh T ouo h nv o de r tri o hi egedooongd,gecamegentlemen, se n t n e T, x e i t ri, , ,e,, and wa itiusli Market-place, up Mariet-street, and with h t the prisoner. No i;ad missionissootionfqN.Aliri.oßis,ttionressp' present to severalt visit stiht,er sooner ha t d they entered than , the throng; ; without sent up to the skies three hearty cheer s for Air. Baine4, aisd then presented sen admit t7cl o in f then peaceably spparated T.OO deputation proceeded public meeting,gentlemen who to we tr.loie speedily d i ) n , succeeded in gaining an entrance. Mr. Thorogood, as Leicester County s s i p le ee n c e i c i), (h t i i s le eM m o e t: n o o n r S ia b l ein g too " W erfl to Mr. 13itines. Mr. Mursell read it : the Chairman of the payment of Church -rates. , , ; _i en d and Fellow-Townsman,We, the Respected t r Fberty of th friends of religious , . , c tow n and vicinity of Leicester, in public meeting assembled, beg to express our indignant reprobation of the outrag e dmie to the cause of religious liberty, t hy your imprisonment for thu non-payment of Church -rates. With the utmost cordiality, we tende r to you, and to T°G\a‘o'ill,lifaomr non-payment the members of your family,i and earnest expressions of sympathy and condolence,,n our fervent hope that gloom o f a prison, you amidst themay enjoy the high and sacred satisfaction resulting_ from a consciousness that you have done your duty ; and that the sufferings , ou endure in consequence of y our fi rm and unflinching )inciple, will greatly promote the ad vance of religious freedom. We beg respectfully to record our unqualified admi ' ration of the consistency, the fortitude, the undaunted and unostentatious resolution with which you have borne a persecution of n early three years, and which you now maintain even in bonds. Be assure, I of our heartiest eff or t s f or your honourable release, and suffer us to express our conviction that from this trouble, which you nobly bear for conscience sake, 11 crc long come forth triumphant. you will We remain, R e spected friend and fell ow - townsman, Your's most sincerely, (Signed on behalf of the meeting.) Th e high-minded prisonerlistencd, during the reading of the address, with feelings which no effort could sup ' press. At the conclusion, he replied as follows : " Christian Brethren,—lt w ou ld i n d ee d b e byp ocr i iy I if I were to tell you that I could do justice to my own feelings in expressing the deep sense of your kindness for this expression of your sympathy. I cannot refrain from assuring you of the perfect and uninterrupted tranquillity 1 have enjoyed from my first entering this place. I have possessed a peace of mind which nothing but a strict reliance on Almighty God could afford me. Had I trusted to my own strength it would have as suredly failed. We arc told that the prayers of the righteous will be heard and answered ; these I have reason to believe have been offered at the throne of Grace by hundreds of the best of human beings ; in addition to which—in answer to my own repeated and fervent petitions that I might receive divine support in the hour of need—strength has been vouchsafed unto me in a much greater measure than 1 could possibly have ex pected. In reference to my endeared parents it has been to them a bitter trial, they having arrived at an eve when the nervous system is not expected to retain its more youthful vigour. " But, my Christian Friends, I again thank you for this token of your kindness and trust it is an event that will never be forgotten by any of us:' During the delivery of this reply to the memorial, Mr. Baines spoke throughout as one whose heart was too full for utterance, and when making a transient al lusion to his family, he was, for a moment or two, over powered by his emotions. The scene was now one of the most touching that can he imagined. High admi ration of the firmness and unbending principle of the prisoner was blended with sympathy with him for the wrongs he endured. It was felt that united prayer would be appropriate—and Mr. Thorogood was requested to offer supplication to the Most High. This he did in a manner so simple, in tones so touching, in a strain so fitting the occasion, and in a spirit of meekness and kind ness so lovely, that every man in the assembly felt sub dued. At the close of the prayer, the prisoner — re quested the company to sing, and gave out himself, " Praise God, from whom all blessings flow," which was sung with the utmost feeling. The company then shook hands with the prisoner and departed. FRAN CE. CHAMBER OF PEERS. (Continuation of the debate of Tuesday, 17th.) Baron Charles Dopin began by saving that the moat splendid picture had been givo,n of * Oriental greatnes, and wealth, and of the source of all power being there And it was then asked, how could France shrink front rI-ini!ni7 hi- , prA,-,.i.,;-,,i, f,-.-e r ~,,ii -...0.14i,:, ..owitrte. , : filt. , 1:0 ; , •4 5 the troth ? Of L. , a ~;//;,,,/, of Fr.-0,1, co , nloyre..., Mine hotillr ,, l million; of ir,,tic ~,f -, -,.itil tit- We -t, ,1 4 ,1 but tf,irl,.t o . o oliffinit,, :riot tit E it. 111 , tocre.llL.rit, of .M.ulloh26ter azd Liverpool i)11 ~f, r t, d ii to protest for peace and its interests. Why did not the men of Lyons, Rouen, Bordeaux, end Marsoillos (hi the same, instead of clamouring for blood, and assailin g the residences of the Consuls of Foreign Powers'? I'h, French were not alive to their true interests when they proposed risking their trade and prosperity for some ima ginary stake or influence in a remote corner of the Medi terranean. But political interests were to be consulted as well as commercial ones ; and the balance of power was to be preserved. Was this to be achieved by at tacking the Porte? He saw nothing but what was natura' in the conduct of the Four Powers. They supported the Turkish Government and Empire. They offered Me hemet the hereditary possession of Egypt, but threat ened that if, discontented with this, he still rebelled, he should be treated like the great feudatory of any and every empire in a similar case, viz., that he should bt deposed. We arm 900,000 men to oppose this. lii the finest days of his reign Napoleon but raised 900,000 men to coerce or intimidate Europe. The remains of that great man are coming amongst us, and are about to be placed in the Chapel of the Invalides, in the spot from which the altar of the living God has been re moved in order to make way for them. Ask those re mains, thus deified, the consequence of such efforts as you now propose to make, and they will tell you that the hero who commenced his career at St. Jean d'Acre, terminated it at St. Helena. Look to the history of Mehemet. He saw that under this status quo men and money were failing bins ; and, to get out of it, he provoked the Sultan by claiming inde pendence. The result was a war an d a b att l e , as disgraceful to victors as vanquished. Sixteen of Ibra him's battalions disbanded on the field of battle, and left the victor for five days unable to pursue any other fugi tives save those of his own army. Four battalions of Ibrahim's guards, enrolled from Syria, deserted to the foe. Even after his victory the Lebanon revolted against him, the Maronites were with difficulty reduced, and the Haouran was only kept in submission by the Egyptians seizing all the wells and sources of water, and building fortresses over them. These Syrians fought for their freedom as did the Poles. Why should not Europe feel the same sympathy for them? Seventeen thousand of Ibrahim' troops perished in the Taurus of • cold and privation. New recruitments were necessary 1 to fill the void, and boys were taken down to the age of 13 to make soldiers of them. No wonder that an army so formed, and so cared for, should disperse before 1,000 English and 3,000 or 4,000 Turks. Syria has broken the yoke of Mehemet, and so, perhaps, may Egypt, tilt population of which has decreased by a million under his reign. Ai for Franee, instead of stipulating to procure the Pucha fresh provinces, she ought to inter pose 'to prevent his depopulating those be bus. She ought to stipulate that the force of his armies should not surpass the reproductive power of his population. She ought to interfere for the wretched fellah, that he might have more than a mendicant's subsistence from the soil. She ought to insist on introducing the benevo lent code of Gulhane into Egypt, instead of seeking to spread Egyptian tyranny and depopulation over the rest of Asia. Count Montalembert said that he came to plead the cause of peace and resignation. Yct he had always been the partisan of a spirited feeling. He preferred war to humiliation, but no war that was not a just one. France in his opinion, had been most cruelly deceived, both as to the merits and the force of Mehemet Ali. As to his being a usurper, he could have forgiven it had he been a mild, a fair, or benevolent prince. His provinces may have been disorderly before ; but in this very dis order, this irregularity of administration, were found intervals of repose, exception from tyranny, and escape from the yoke. 'Under Mehemet there was none of this—no repose, no exception, no escape from his rod of iron. Mehemet Ali has imitated Russia in prostituting the inventions of civilisation to the sup port of the genius of barbarism. In rendering despotiim mere regular, he has rendered it more crushing and uni versal. • He has levied soldiers so as to annihilate the population ; and for a revenue he has taken, not a part, but the whole of all property—monopolizing at once commerce and agriculture. Out of three millions of subjects he keeps up an army of 270,000 men, and de corates this fearful oppression with titles and appear ances borrowed from France. What an infamous pa rody of our institutions to have forced the whole male population of Cairo into a national guard with tin! up lifted stick as the source of discipline! The stick is the only Egyptian instrument of civilization, as famine, nudity, and despair form all the wea'th left to his sub jects. Egypt has not revolted, because it is without hands or arms ; but Syria has pretested by continued insurrections against this frightful regime. The Syrians counted on our sympathy and protection—we had no sympathy but f.or the Egyptians ; and when our Consul interfered, lie was removed. H. might un desrstand the Russians admiring Mehemet Ati's Go vernment—he could not understand Frenchmen doing so. After the battle of Nozib 3,000 Egyptians fled with the vanquished, to escape the tyranny of their old generalissimo. Is it not well known that the population has decreased one-third during the reign of the Pacha? It would be something if this atro cious system begot force : but, on the contrary, feeble ness is its result. It is like the Egyptian fleet of twenty sail of the line, which has cost millions of men and money, yet which dare not face three English vessels blockading the port of Alexandria ; and his famous army, what has become of it before a handful of 'forks and English ? Egypt and Syria furnish 150,000 recruits, two-thirds perish, and leave but an army of 50,000 soldiers. How could he pass the Taurus with such a force ? We relied upon his strength, England knew his weakness, and see how successful she has proved. The orator then proceeded to show how much more advantageous it would have been for France to have embraced the alliance of the Sultan, which had been from Francis the First's time the alliance of France. How much more honourable to have sup ported the reforms of Guiliano than the tyranny of the Nile and Lebanon Frenchmen might have been, and were welcomed in Turkey as in Egypt. Turkey has a political creed. It believes in legi timacy, which in France is merely a word invented by Talleyrand, but which in the East is an idea. It is the superstition of hereditary right. The son of Mah mond is inviolate in Mussulmans' eyes ; whereas the son of Mehemet is and never can be more than an ad venturer. Turkey is weak ; France should have forti fied it, instead of opposing and forcing other Powers to form a Treaty to support it to our exclusion. The ora tor then entered into a history of the false policy of all Ministries, even before 1830. The elder 'bourbons supported Russia, ,and sent a French Env ay to assist at the delivery of 'Varna. General Gui';tetninot first sought to make the _Paella an ally of Tbaiace against Russia, but he was recalled in consequence. The Due de Broglie's Ministry scarcely interf 'red in the events which preceded the Treaty of Kut , A iah. Admiral Rous sin arrived late, and protested in va in, The Russians were at Constantinople, and thu s Treaty of . Unkiar Ske lessi ensued. Then camel litu.shal Souk's first Ministry, which, after the battle of I!Tezib," adhered to the declaration of the 27th of July, ~ h; w-- - gar e to the Five Powers the decision of a question Waief s France and England might have settled alone an.' WuiCu committed the great fault of allowing the i I:ur'ish fleet to be carried off to Alexandria. Marshal to join the Vienna ce 'Smiles former Ministry refused , inferencec , because Russia would n ot consent to tner, ; and, according to M. Thiers, it me action 0 k refused the comb; d f .he English and Fr enc h fleets in the Sea. of Marmora. Ws'r might have resulted from this, bt' it Would ham been frank, national, and advantageous war. M. Thiess' Ministry, too, had its fault. It ought to have taken advantage of its popula rity and its power over the Press to have'changecl the direction of the national policy in the East—to have re knitted the Anglo-French alliance, and above all not to have consulted the Pacha as to the terms of an arrange ment. It seems there were three grand errors with re gard to French policy in the East—first, too great fear of Russia, and of a collision with her ; secondly, a blamable negligence in supporting the status quo as something permanent ; and thirdly, the unjust and exorbitant sacri fice of the Ottoman interests to those of Egypt. For note well, Messieurs, what ore the most positive results of our Eastern policy, and of that increase of Egyptian power which we so applaud. The result consists in two facts, the most serious and deplorable of the last ten years—that is to say, the presence of the Russians for the first time at Constantinople in 1833, and the sup- Lure of the Anglo-French alliance in 1840. This is what the Paella of Egypt has cost the world and us.— (Prolonged sensation.) I know how unpopular it is at present to defend the English alliance ; but I persist in thinking it the only one that is moral, just, and useful to France ; and I feel myself still more forced to pro claim it, as I perceive with grief the idea of a speedy alliance with Russia daily gaining ground. As to the preponderance of England in Syria, we should have shared it had we gone along with her ; whilst to attempt to prevent., England opening a shorter road to the Indies, with a hundred millions of sub jects on one side and twenty-five millions on the other, WAS working against nature, reason, and good sense ; it would have been quite as rational to have at tempted to prevent, at another epoch, the discovery of a passage round the Cape of Good Hope. If the French make war for the East, they must do so without an illy. The Propaganda is nons ense . W e arc d etested in Europe by high and low, on account of our absurd pretensions, and can never make a successful war until we make it for a good and a just cause. To make war for the independence of Cracow were better than to declare it for the aggrandisement of Egypt. In con elusion, Messieurs, said the speaker, I believe that this Eastern question will be the tomb of that peace which we have enjoyed for ten years, and I am glad of it.— (Hear, hear.) But I do not believe the moment Suing. nor the cause sufficient, to sishstitute for it war with the whole of Europe. I believe in the great ness, in the power, in the invincible courage, of my country, but I believe also that these incalculable re sources must rest on a just cause, to act with all their due force in the destinies of the world. 1 believe th a t l'i th, ii,:art of E , irop,, i‘at she ,a nno t. on ,cn Pike this, flu - pwely personal reeLon un the t!ioso whom it we must ti. yle,tio! s which oe up)-, utiloti; the. st,,L!:sin;:n of F;escee such a space, still believe that the late Ministry had more at heart than any other the dignity of their country, and if they save committed the faults I have describcd, I know but too well how they will be repaired by their successors, sho, we knew, were their predecessors, and who have .tone still more mischief. I conclude with certainty I that my language must lie displeasing to all parties, and )pposed to every prejudice, but with the sweet and proud conviction of never having sacrificed my princi ples to any fear, to any passion, or any party.— (Cheers.) The Noble Count, on taking his seat, was eongratulated by many of his brother Peers. M. Villemain, the Minister of Public Instruction, justified the French Government for having signed the collective note of the 26th of July, and said that it could not have acted otherwise. It had been said, observed M. Villemain, that this was the prelude to a still greater fault, viz., that of demanding from the Porte its consent for the admission of the two fleets into the Dardanelles. M. Villemain entered into a justification of the conduct of the Goverment on this occasion. Alluding . to the trea son of the niche who commanded the Turkish fleet, he said that France was desirous of seeing it restored, Jut that as the niche refused, she could not resort to the extremity of burning it, and also the Egyptian fleet, in the port where they were sheltered. This would not have been humane, it would have been bat barons. " The eGrts of a great Power," added M. Villemain, " were long made. When the Cabinet of the 12th of May endeavoured to negotiate, every kind of good under standing soon became impossible on the Eastern ques tion. France wished for what England objected to ; the two Powers could not agree, and the French Go vernment then adopted a policy which would not com promise the future. France was desirous of peace ; she ,treaded the effect which might be produced in Europe by the sound of the first cannon in the East; we did all xe could to maintain peace in Europe ; and if we do maintain it, and maintain it honourably, es we hope to do, justice will be done to us, and the country will thank us." Count Serrurier then read a speech, but in so low a tone that he was inaudible. There being now a general call for adjournment, the Chamber adjourned at a quarter after five till to-morrow. SITTING OF Nov. 18. Baron Pasquier, the President, took the chair at half past one, but the Chamber was not in number to pro ceed to business till two o'clock, at which time all the Ministers had arrived. ' The order of the day was the continuation of thc dis cussion on the address, previous to which, however, MM. Cunin Gridaine and Tcste presented two bills passed by the Chamber of Deputies, for credits for the , reparation of damages caused by the late inundations , ►nd for the relief of the sufferers. M. Pelet de la Lozerc rose and said, that as a mem ber of the former Administration, he was not dis posed to keep silence while that Administration was attacked, and thought it incumbent on him to repiy to it, without at the same time accusing any one. The line of policy followed in the affairs of the East, and, especially, in that between Turkey and Egypt, was fixed by the Treaty of the 27th of July, 1839, and was the only one which could be followed. The speaker then entered into a long detail of the circum stances which have brought about the present complicat ed state of affairs, the origin of which he traced back to 1833, the epoch at which war commenced between the Sultan and the Pacha, as also of the negotiations that had taken place since the Sultan first claimed the inter ference of the Five Powers, M. Guizot ascended the tribune, and said : The greatest circumspection was necessary for him in the present state of circumstances, hut at the same time it was his duty to state clearly the position of the Cabinet, and which could Lot be better described than in the words of the Speech from the throne. Since 1833 peace had been threatened more than once the Sultan and the Pacha had been equally ready to disturb it ; but for six years it had been maintained in spite of the events which had threatened to trouble it. France had nothing to reproach herself with. She hail done, both at Alexandria and Constantinople, all that was incumbent on her for the maintenance of peace. We have no engagement with the Pacha beyond that arising from the interest we. have manifested for him, and yet have we not already done enough for him and his cause. We have incurred the coolness of our best friends, and isolated oursela es among the Powers. France has no thing to apprehend from the coalition of the Powers. No intention has existed of dividing the Ottoman em pire. This was the express intention of the Treaty. 'rite best resources of France arc in peace. It is thereby that France will best. consolidate in Europe her credit, dignity, and power. Only suffer her to live free and tranquil, and there would be nothing to fear from English influence. After a few words from M. Montalembert, the gene red discussion was closed, and the first paragraph of the address put to the vote and adopted. Par. 2 adopted. On Par. 3 being read, M. de Dreux Emu rose, and was left speaking at the hour of post. As different versions arc given of what M. Guizot said, we add the report of the Times, which differs from what is contaircd in our other Contemporaries, and give some later particulars supplied by the Correspondent of the Times : M. Guizot, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, said, that the policy of the new Cabinet was clearly laid down in the Speech from the Throne. France, under the circum stance in which she had been placed, could not but con tinue her armaments, and assume an attitude that enabled her to be ready to act according to e vents. "We trust, , however, (said M. Guizot) that the p eace of Europe will not be disturbed, that the pending differences will be ho- nourably adjusted for France ; we arc labouring to that effect, and our intentions are known to be sincerely pacific." ffe next showed France at all times desirous to preserve peace in the East; she had nothing to re proach. been he e called n herself ; her endeavours at Constantinople madeand Alexandria tended uniform l y to that end. lie then de viatedaum the mo from in the East, and Europ e was now reaping the a glowing an d e unieucgei of policy. policy Tuhfat peace, pol policy y which had fatal results accruing from that mistake. France had-pre vailed upon Mehemet Ali to give up Candia and Arabia for the sake of peace, on condition that he should retain the hereditary possession of Egypt and Syria. England at first would only grant the hereditary government of Egypt and of the Pachalic of Acre, without the fortress which sh e con sidered as the key of Syria. At a late period, however, and with a view t o maintain p eace, she offer ed to concede 1 Mehemet Ali the Pachalie of Acre, together with the fort. ress, but merely for life. This being her ultimatum ehadesh eorbbl obliged d friend;t o hka rn a ll n egotiation.; were broken off; but the opinion of M. Guizot was, that it would have been preferable for all parties at at any time, to have acce m pt s e e d lve e s itl t i o er ti o ie f t p h r o e. to what alternatives France. bad t m han G to u have zo t thouex possheodwt been reduced by her support of Mahe t A l quarrelled iies ; oh e with w she was left alone whole of Europe ; and all that f ruin ous armaments, and incurred the • o s f ak %w o r all l th b o u u t veetreAcolia.rseSt:ehtande vritir a distant and uncertain friend. M. Guizot or next tbe contended tzbak•! l ° offence had been meant or offered bythe Powers, parties to the Treaty of the 15th of Jul It was after the failure of all attempt s at an accommodation ) that they 1,04 re solved on settling the • operation differences without the co- • of France. The f •cautioned the foreign negotiators had n ot French Mini s t er mere l y once b ut repeatedly during the course of the ne g otiations, that if Fra nce kept aloof the Four other Powers would undertake themselves to adjust the question. Franca was accordingly aware of what would occur, and could not cons e q uentl y regard herself an affronted when uo insult was igtended or offered. EVEN' N EDITION. The Powers never contemplated to deceive, dare, or isolate France; tney were not actuated by any hos tile feelings towards her, and it was only when all hope of coaling to an understanding with her had vanished, that the Treaty was concluded without her. M. Guizot then concluded by all eloquent app ea l i n b e h a l f of peace ; the time of violence'and conquest, he said, was gone by France, wealthy, prosperous, and free, should strive to peace every w h ere. " M . Gu'zot had n preserve the blessings of peace, and 'adopt f or h er motto, " Peace for ever, o sooner concluded, than M. Montelembert ran to the tri bune, slid protested against the last sentiments delivered by M. Guizot, which be said amounted to "peace at any price." M. Guizot then interrupted the speaker, and expostulated against that construction being placed on his expressions. M. de Baissy d'Anglas afterwards read his opinion on the Address, amidst the noise of private conversations. When he had left the tribune, the general discussion was I closed, and the three first paragraphs, including that on the East, were adopted without opposition. The article relative to Spain alone 'gave rise to any debating. M. Dreux Breze profitted of the opportunity to inveigh against the policy pursued by Great Britain in respeet to that country, and which he charged with fomenting civil disc , rd in the Peninsula for the purpose of taking advantage of it and ruining the influencJ of Franca. M. Guizot offered a few observations in vindication of the . policy of Great Britain with regard to Spain, and maintained that she was so little actuated by se.fish mo tive:-, or by a desire to assert her a: ci.adaney in :hat king dom, that she proposed, four years ago, forrance, to join her in an armed intervention, which invitation the litter had declined. The paragraph was then put to the vote and adopted. 11. d'Harcoutt next moved an amendment in laveur of the nationality of Poland. He said that there was no cc casian to develope his amendment, which had obtained, during the last session, the adhesiou of Marshal Soult and M. Villemain. M. de Taschcr seconded the nmcndmei.t, which, on being put to the vo!e, was adopted by a small majority. M. Villemain rose in its favour, but Marshal Soult and Ad miral Duperre voted against it. M. Humana, the other Peer Minister, took no part on either side, The paragraph relative to the Argentine Republic was next adopted without any debate, and that respecting Al geria was under discussion when our reporter left the houxe. • A considerable number of Deputies, and among them most of the Commissioners of the Address, assisted at the ' sitting. M. de Remusat, the former `sinister of the Interior, was also present, but retired atter M. Guizot's speech, to which he appeared to pay the neatest attention. M. Dupin had accepted the mission of dialing up the Addrcs*. of the Chamber of Deputies. The f.);lnwi ne are the opin;onc of P. rnrtion of the Pari s debafr :-- The Chamber of ~~ :. ; Ir , lo r two passage , declares O.: sooner than consent to the degrailatiou of tlio (Tun try. This declaration comes too late. It would have produced some effect under an energetic Ministry ; it has the appearance of a boast, under an AdmitisAration which has already rend,2red war impossible, and which can no longer obtain an honoutalde peace. The Coarrier Francais adds. that, it can more readily compre hend the very cordial reply which the Chamber makes to the provocation whick the King's speeds contains relative to the laws of September ag,dost. the press. " There is little to be said on the thili , ..te," continues the Courria Francais. .Nl. de Dreux Brez,',:• only spoke to:demand a congress for the purpose of putting an end to the Treaties of ISIS, and of renewing the basis of the balance of pO5 er in Europe. The Baron Charles Dupin wished that the Treaty of London sl:ould be tia . red to be accomplished. It was not necessary to rise to express such a pacific wish. The Ministry has provided for that. The Count de Montalembert, who has just returned from a too hasty journey into the East, drew up a bill of indict ment against the Paella. It is quite consistent that M. de Montalembert, wishing to crush the Pacha of' Egypt, should wish that the Treaty of July should be executed ; but there i; mote in the Treaty than the humiliation of the Pacha ; there is in it likewise the iso lation and humiliation of France. The Courrier Francais regrets that a statesman like M. de /thnitalembert should not have recollected that fact. M. de Villemain endeavoured in his reply to explain and justify the policy pursued by the Ministry of the 12th of M a y. Thi s apology will probably be contradicted en Wednesday by M. Pelet (de la Lozere), who has announced his inten tion of speaking, but up to the present hour the debate has not been equal to the subject." The National says that five orators took a part in the debate in the Chamber of Peers on Tuesday_alat Dreux Breze, Charles Dupin, Montalembert, Villemain, and Serrurier. The. latter addressed an auditory which was fatigued and iouArrilat pay atteritiOn. M. Dupin succeeded in driving away even the Ministers whose policy he was do fending. Whilst he was speaking there were fifty Peers who gazed in stupid amazement, whilst others were yawning or chatting, and the Duke of Orleans,who felt obliged to observe a demeanour of etiquette, whiled away the time by an im moderate use of his eyeglass. No doubt M. Dupin thought be was relating most wonderful news, for it is impossible for any orator to bring a greater stock of self-sufficiency to the tribune, but an hour and half of his squeaking voice is intolerable. The only two interesting speeches during the debate were made by MM. Drcux Breze and Monta lembert. The first, abjuring all factious opposition, drew a gloomy but accurate picture of the situa tion of the country; France, wi . hout allies abroad, placed in a solitary position, the result of the policy pursued by the Government for the last ten years ; the alliance of Great Britain exposed in its true colours, that of profound and incurable hostility ; , an uncertain and unskilful diplomacy without foresight previous to events, and without firmness when those events ace concluded, condemning this great nation to act in a manner unworthy of her history, and unworthy of her power; a moral disorder at home, weakness abroad; a dishonourable and ruinous peace, a war sooner or later inevitable—such -is the picture which the speaker drew of the present position of affairs, and no one can assert that the description is overcharged. M. de Montalerubert, whose style is grave and simple, and whose melodious voice is calculated to convince his auditors of the sin cerity of the :;peaker, concluded his discourse by declaring that he was certain of exciting the prejudices of all poli tical parties against him. " Although," continues the National, " we are of opinion that the orator made use of many fallacies, we have never appreciated in any other manlier than M. de 11lontalenibert the egotistical and mean policy which has been followed for the last ten years. W e have anticipated him in the vivid and just criticism which he passed on all the Ministers for the last ten years, but we cannot partake his illusions upon the durability of the Ot toman empire, and he appears to resign himself to the consequences of peace IN ith too great facility." I The Commerce says, " The Chamber of Peers corn meaced t.1.,e debate upon the address on Wednesday, but there is not much to be said on the subject. The Marquis de Drcux Breze rather glanced at than examined the great questions of the day. M. Charles Dupin proved that he was animated by a more lively than enlightened desire for peace, and the Eastern question appeared to hint of little importance. It is to be seen how the debate will be con tinued on Thursday." The Univers stilt, that since the cannon of Beyrout caused the Chambers to be convoked, the situati to of affairs, both at home and abroad, has changed con siderably. The Nlidistry which c, nvoked the Chain.. b et s has dissppeared, and almost at the same time has Mehemet Ali's power fallen to pieces, the fra gility of whose empire has deranged all the calculations of the French policy. Syria has fallen into the power of England, so that as far as regards that part of Mehemet Ali's conquests, the Treaty of London may be said to be executed. The Four powers accept the ultimatum offered by the note of the Bth of October; they restore Egypt to the Paella, who had lost it by virtue of the treaty. France finds that she has procured les for the Pacha than the treaty granted him. But if she had not inter fered actively in favour of the Nona, be would not have been witness to his dapo...itien. This result, so -ire po littl . e tio fl n a o t r te a r ir i the Dreux Breze remarked in the Chamber of Peers, without or ench diplomati t c ° s en a l a r k - l e o ; e n r, of ch t a i r7geln ti° t " h elgad to flattering for it has left France, as the Marquis g i de allies in Europe. That alone is a fact of immense magni tude. The rupture of the allies with France will neces sarily cause the rupture of the entire system of European policy, and in order to reconstruct another system Fran ce must either negotiate or fight. The Constitutionnel observes, that the address of the Chamber of Peers is neitfier remarkable for clearness nor precision. ". An endless paragraph," ii says, 61 i s devoted to the Eastern Question, but it does not say all that it ought to say. Nevertheless, we must be just. The Chamber, to whom the draught of the address was communicated yecerdav, made se venal wise suggestions, which the Committee approved of According to our information, the Staeding Committees introduced important modifications in the address. This assembly, in which so many illustriou s Generals are to be found, spurned, for instance, to declare that war was a formidable extremity. In the paragraph relative to Sp. in an expression was struck out which was both improper and irrelevant. We congratulate the noble Chpmbcr on the amendments it has introduced in the draught of its re ply to the Speech from the Throne, and we hope that the public discussion will complete this work of improvement. Such as it is, however, the address, we hesitate not to ad mit, is more explicit and more energetic than the Speech from the Throne." t ?ll~.Ii;iMl h!:•In. I . r.^ : I.:rrS A garrison na gunner Court-martialnierand driverw 'as of held at Woolvrich Thursday onthe Ist battalion, who had been detected with a ball cartridge in his breast under very suspicious circumstances. lie had been making inquiries for the Sergeant-Major previousto being detected. The gunner and driver is a man of very bad character, and has twice deserted from the regiment. The result of the Court-martial is not yet known to the public. This occur. occur at present, rence has created a treat sensation in the garrison owing to the recollection of the untimely end, last Year, of SeraSe . would be in the geant- Major Shepherd, who was shot on the parade wlndow worthless character belonging to his company. AcTicaN 0 F EA RTIIQUA IC ES.—Professor Buck. land remarked, that, as lectures were now going on i n the land of earthquakes, be would tell them what to do when "- them betake an earthquake occurred. He had been at Palermo,ad a the roof and flat: window,th the learned that, if an earthquake were to those sitting in the centre of the room greatest danger, he who was sitting a t a in the least. In such circumstances,let would be beams s e g lv i e v s e w to ay a dfirosotr. earnedupright stand the shock.—Mirror. walls longest with-. CONCERTS D'HIVER, DRU a 1 '.. theatre was last night numerou s l y LANE.—TbiS n obility we noticed the following attended. Among the Prince Esterhazy, Earl and : —Lady Palm e rston, Sandwich, Lord Tern 1 Countess of Erroll, Earl of p etown, Sir John and Lady Paul, Colonel Jervis, Sec. Dr. Thorburite, of Liverpool, has become the proprietor and manager of the Belfast Theatre. I