The Sun. — London, England, 1857-06-22 00:00:00

THE IMAGINARY COTTON CRISIS. (From the Examiner.) The clever but usually not very imaoinative - men of Manchester are now, and hive been for come years back, as it appears to 114, in a state of un called for alarm about the supply of coAon wool. They are, at present, as they have been f.,r the last half century, dependent on one country, Anglo- Saxon America, for six-sevenths of their whole supply, and suddenly come to the conclusion that it" is to fail them. They have just published a pam phlet, entitled the Cotton Crisis and H ow t o avert it," and one of them, the hon. member for Stockpot'', lately read before the Society of Arts a long and elaborate paper on the same subject. Moreover, the question is to be brought formally before the Commons on Tuesday next. Our own opinion, and not for the first time expressed, is that there is no "Cotton at all, and that if there were, the means proposed for averting it are mistaken onei. We proceed at once, then, with oar refutation of the mist 31Kes of Manchester. In every one of the last seven years, during which the long Manchester paroxysm has existed, there has been a large increase in our importation of cotton. In 1850 the import amounted to 663, 576, 8511 b. and in 1856 it rose to 1,023, 886, 5281 b. an increase, in this b, ief period, of above one-half. In 1850, Anglo-Saxon America furnished, of the above supply, 493,153,1121 b. and this had risen in 1856 to 780,040,0161 b., an increase of fifty-eight per cent., whereas th 9 increase of the supply from all other quarters was but fifty-four per cent. In 1834 the value of the raw cotton which we im ported, as given in the public returns, was 26,175,3951., and in 1856 it had risen to 26,434,695/. _ _ The seven years now alluded to were those of the gold discoveries of California and Australia, which gave so wonderful an impetus to the indus try of the civilised world. Such, in this 'period, his been the increased power of general consump tion, that prices have greatly risen in every com modity in which the supply did - not quickly respond td the demand, such as hemp, flax, dyes , tea, coffee, spices, tin, and c o pp er . O n th e o th er hand, there has been no rise of price, but in a few cases even a fall, in commodities in which the supply readdy met the demand, as in iron, sugar, and sheep's woool. In this last category stands cotton wool, in which there has been a fall of some five per cent. We derive our supplies of cotton from six dif ferent quarters, extending over above fifty degrees of latitude of the old and new world. Let this be compared with our supplies of similar commodi ties. Our supplies of sheep's-wool come from about the same number of quirters, exclusive of onr home supply. Of this article our imports in 1850 were 74,326,778 lb. and these had risen in 1856 to 116,211,395 lb. or an increase of 57 per cent., notwithstanding a fall of some twenty per cent. in price. We receive our supply of raw silk from about the same number of quarters as our supplies of cotton and sheep's-wool, and owing to a disease in the worm in the chief supplying countries, we were, for the last two years threatened with a short supply ; but China, the parent coun try of silk, steps in to meet our wants, and the im ports which in 1850 amounted only to 5,411,9341 b. bad risen in 1856 to 8,236,6871 h. Such examples as these, we should think, are calculated to allay the fears of Manchester, but we shall give one more. Our whole supply of tea is virtually derived from one country only,—that, too, one of the most populous in the world, and distant 15,000 miles. The import bas risen from the two pounds and two ounces presented to King Charles the Second in 1664, not worth intrinsically sixteen sixpences, to 86,159,5171 b. valued in the public returns at 5,246,4591., and this without enhancement of price but on the contrary a great fall. As we have already said, six-sevenths of all our raw cotton, in quantity, is derived from Anglo Saxon America, and far more than that in value. Without that supply (the produce, every pound of it, of slave labour) the greatest of our manufactures would inevitably become one of the smallest. It is this state of things, perilous, however, only in imagination, that has arouse I the fears of the stirewel men of Manchester. The hypothetical con tingencies on which they ground their apprehen sions are various, and we shall state and answer a •fevr of them. " The demand may outgrow the supply." We have already shown that the supply from America has not only kept pace - with the demand, but even gone ahead of it, and we now add that by More skilful husbandry, and pushing the cuPivation to climates more congenial to the plant, the price has, within the last 50 years, been reduced from 22d. a pound to 6d. " There may occur a failure of crop from a storm, a drought, or a mysterious epidemic like the potato rot." Any of these cala , mities are possible, but highly improbable. 'The cotton plant has been cultivated for 70 long years in the Un . ted States and none of them have oc curred, and are now less likely to occur than in the earlier time of the cultivation, since, instead of being confined to a small northern aduncongenial locality, as it originally was, it now extends in a southern direction over ten genial degrees of lati tude. "The slaves may be emancipated." We hope, for the honour of America and credit of hu manity, that they may ; but when emancipated, they must labour to live, and in the labour in which they will be employed they will enjoy a monopoly, since it is such as no European can engage in. "If not emancipated, they will emancipate themselves." Four millions of miserable men of an inferior race are not very likely to free theinselves from the bon dage of 21. millions of a superior race, the most energetic that the world has ever seen. But then, it is added, "We may be at war with the American Union, and in this case the Americans hold a rod With which they may beat us to death, that rod being a denial of their cotton." We have been at peace w.th America for 40 years, and every year th) prospect of a war becomes less and less. How comes it not to have occurred to our usually adote opponen t s that two can play at the game of mischief of . which they are so appre hensive ? If the Americans have a rod for us in the refusal of a supply of cotton, do we not possess a scourge no leis formidable for them by refusing th. In a market for it ? In 1855, the sum which we paid to the Ame , icani for - eutron was 16,863,228/. Lest year it would exceed 20,000,0001. ; and some thing like this, to say nothing ref the worth of corn, tobacco, and o'her trifle=, is ahout the amount of the penalty-bonds in which England and America a.e bound to kt.ed the peace t )wards each other, to say nothing of broken crowns, war taxes, debt, and lainkruptctes. But now we come to the Manchester means for averting the imaginary crisis. It consists in sub situting cotton, ; the produce of British India, for that Of Anglo-Saxon America. India does supply England with a considerable quantity of the worst co tun which it receives from any quarter, and the quanity has been larg‘ ly increased for some years, without any improvement whatever in the quality. In 1842 the quantity was only 92,972,609,1e5., and this hatlincreasecl in 1856 to 180,496,6241b5., an increase of ninety-four per cent. in fourteen years' time, a proportion which exceeds that of America itself within, the same time. Not so the quality ; the Indian cotton always stands at the bottom of a Icing list of quotations, and the valuation of the Board of Trade makes it forty per cent. less valu able than the average of a'l other cottoes. It forms, in fact, between one-fourth and one-fifth in quan tity, and between one-seventh and one eighth in value of the American cotton. Four-and-forty years of free trade that haveimproved several other pro ducts of India and called new ones into existence, have made no improvement in Indian cotton, but all this is to be suddenly changed, because some men of the "City of Industry," frightened out of their wits, will have it so ! . Every part of India is within the region in which the cotton plant flourishes and every part of India prod ucts it, b ut th e districts which yield a surplus are only the scantily peopled, and these are to be found here and there between S te T ro pi c an d C ape .;eraorin. The whole valley of the Ganges, with Its d ense nctort p t o ,) p n i:l at . On, produces an immense quan tity but no surplus for exportation. On the co it has been an importer from the under-pe o a T led countries of the south for a century hack,. Within the laltoPtint lation having greatly increased it has even ceaseughtt:7 pr years, the result has`been that export rice, its staple pro duct • for altho potte ' d into England see this . AI tide yearly fromim- India, in 1855, to the value of 1,576,000 c. i t j 3 popu lous Bengal, but of feetitelir the produce of r. can and Pegu, coun tries with from fifteen to twe nty Eve inhabitants to tve rn a v_ ooo to 500 as in the, square mile, instead of from the valley of the Ganges. e more populous of the provinces of the south yield no cotton surpl to the u qu t a ab re . Thus Tanjore, with 450 inhabitant s .mile, does not produce a pile for expor tation but is itself an importe r from its le ss dense o ly n .the .peopled .neighbours. The cotton provinces which yield a surplus cent iin usually from 80 to 150 i nhabi _ _tants to the square !toile, and when these come to be densely peopled they will cease to yield on e , f or ;they will, lik e B enga l, th emse lves consume all they , produce. No populous country of Asia export s cotton. The island of Java, where it is an univer sal object of cultivation, does not export a pound,, because it h as ' 1 0,000,000 of nati v e consume rs, ors some. 250 - to very square mil e . Populous China • is an importer' froze every country that will supply! -it, and underpeopled southern. India is one of them. The native cotton of India (all foreign varieties 'have substantially failed) is short in the fibre, but still more objectionable from always containing a large per eentage ofa-shear dirt. It is, in fact, a rudecommodity l and Such was the case with every . ..._ , rEE SUN, LON DON, MONDAY EVENING, Naval and Military intelligence. 't The following General Order has been issued :- 1 • " Horse Guards,- S. W,, June 19. " His Royal Highness the General Commanding-in- Chief calls the attention of officers commanding regi ments, depots, and depot battalions, to the condition of their regimental schools. It is scarcely less essential to the godlier to be able to read and write and keep his own own accounts than to be acquainted with his drill. Without these elementary acquirements no soldier is capable of profiting by the instruction giving him in the use of the rifled musket-, his promotion is rendered less probable, and he is de prived of the interest and improvement derivable from the excellept libraries now placed within his reach. " His Royal Highness is pleased to direct that for the future every soldier, after being dismissed from drill, shall attend school as a duty until he is reported upon as sufficiently advanced in reading, writing, and arithmetic. " With the concurrence of the Secretary for War, no feei are to be required for this attendance at school. " It will be desirable that commanding officers should so arrange the duties of the men as to give, if possible, at least four hours' attendance each week to all men of the above class. "No man is to be considered eligible for promotion to corporal, unless in the field, who has not been dismissed the above class, "For promotion to the rank of sergeant higher quali fications may be expected. It is not intended at present to lay down an absolute rule on the subject, but the at tention of commanding officers is called by his Royal Highness the General Commanding-in Chief to the im portance of carrying the education of non-oommis.ioned officers to a higher point than the mere acquisition of the arts of reading and writing. With this view it must be un derstood that those men who avail themselves moat intel ligently of the means of improvement within their reach will be generally preferred for promotion, where in re spect to conduct and soldierlike bearing, they are eligi ble for it ; and that neglect so to do will be regarded as a disqualification. It is not, however, intended hereby to fetter the discretion of commandingofficers in the pro motion of men who display conspicuous courage, or show the tact and moral influence which give non-commissioned officers weight with their comrades. "By command of his Royal Highness the General Commanding in Chief, "G. A. WETHEEZ,ALL, Adjutant-General. An Admiralty order arrived at the head-quarters of the Chatham division of Royal Marines on Sa turday, directing the Colonel-Comariandent E. A. Parker to furnish from the staff at present at head quarters 1 lieutenant-colonel, 5 captains, 1 field adjutant, and 12 lieutenants, with the divis'onal band and colours, and 438 non-commissioned offi cers and mon, to form a battalion of Royal Marines on the occasion of her- Majesty's presenting the Victoria Cross to those officers and men nominated to received that distinction. The detachment of Marines will proceed from Chatham to-morrow morning, the following being the officers selected to accompany the detachment, viz.:—Lieut.-Colonel G. Elliot, Brevet-Major H. Marriott, Brevet- Major G. B. Rodney, Capt. D. Blyth, Capt. E. A. Wylde, Capt. C. J. Ellis, Adjutant H. G. Elliot, - Lieuts. C. L. A. Faimar, C. W. Carrington, J. F. Hawkey, C. T. Daly, Lennox, E. Willis, R. D. Kennicott, H. Wolrige, R. J. Pascoe, H. M. Kay, and N. F. Way. On Saturday afternoon upwards of 1,000 officers, non-commissioned officers, and men, belonging to the depots of the 24th, 27th (Enniskillens), 52d (Light Infantry), 61st, 70th, 81st, and 87th (Royal Irish Fusileers), regiments at the Provisional Bat talion, Chatham, the whole of whom are under or ders to embark for India, were drawn up on Chatham lines, for inspection by the Commandant of the Provisional Battalion, Colonel H. Jervis, previously to their eaabarcatioa on board the East India Company's vessels at Gravesend. The man oeuvres were performed in an efficient manner. The Provisional Battalion will give upwards of 8,000 troops this season for the rerriments serving in India, the whole of whom will - have embarked before the close of next month. On the recent oc casion of the Duke of Cambridge Visiting Chatham garrison his Royal Highness expressed' himself in high terms on the appearance and excellent 'disci pline of the troops proceeding to India. The fol lowing officers of the above regiments are under orders to embark with the detachments:—Col. A. C. Blachford, Captains F. Clark and. W. Winniett, Lieuts. R. H. TraversandW. B. Logan,and Ensign J. Johnstone, 24th Regiment ; Captains W.Croker and H. Mitford, Lieut. A. Cottee, Ensigns H. M. Caine, L. W. Desborough, H. Dixon, and W. Clay, 27th Regiment ; Capt. C. P. Heathcote, Ensigns W. Owen and S. L. Pidsley, 52d Light Infantry ; Lieuts. T. E. Gordon and W. Willcocks, 61st Regiment ; Captain A. J. 0. Rutherford, Lieutenants W. T. M'Grigor and J. W. Mad den 70th Regiment ; Ensigns W. H. M. J ac k son and T. W. Bell, 81st Regiment ; Major W. F. Ring, Ensigns G. M. Marsden and F. F. Devereux, 87th Royal Irish Fusileers. The Commander-in-Chief has appointed Major- General H. W. Breton, commanding the south west district, to lao Major-General on the Staff of the Governor and Commander in-Chief of the Mau ritius. General Breton's loss will be much felt at Portscriouth, as Lieut.-Governer of which fortress he had earned the high respect of all the com munity. The screw despatch gun-vessel Vic!or, 6, Com mander De Horsey, arrived at Spitbead on Satur day from the West India station. She left Ber muda on the 2d inst., and came home chiefly under sail. The Intrepid she reports having left Ber muda for England ten hours before herself, and the Pioneer was expected to arrive at Bermuda in about two days Irons the time the Victor left, also on her way to England. Admiral Sir H. Stewart arrived at Bermuda in the Basilisk cn the Ist inst ,- at which date her Majesty's ship Indus, 78, the flag ship, was hourly expected from Havaunah. The Atalanta had left for England. The Victor has proceeded to Sheerness to be paid off. On the 18th inst., off the Lizard, she exchanged numbers with the Royal mail steamer Parana, outward bound. The Unite! States' steam corvette Niagara, Captain Hudson, having completed the alterations necessary to enable her to stow her portion of the great Atlantic telegraph cable, left Portsmouth on Saturday forenoon for Liverpool to ship it. The paddlewheel steam frigate Leopold, 18, Captain Wainwright, fitting at Devonpert, to ac company the Agamemnon, and assist ire laying down tLe telegraph across the Atlantic, is ready for sea, and will shor ly proceed for her destination. The St. Jean d'Acre will be taken out of dock at Devonport, to-morrow. - The paddlewheel steam vessel Pluto, 4, Lieut.- Commander W. Swinburne, was placed at Devon port on Wednesday, to repair damages sustained near Sierra Leone. The crew of the screw steamship Exmouth, 91, Capt. Eyres, were paid off at Devonport on Satur day, and she is placed in the second-class steam re serve. • • The Melville, 72, hospital ship, Commander Trollope, went out of Portsmouth harbour on Sa turday, and anchored at Spithead. Rear-Admiral Wallis, the newly-appointed Com mander-in-Chief of the squadron on the south-east coast of America station, returned from leave and rehoisted his flag on board the. Cumberland, 70, at Spithead, on Saturday; and saluted the Port Ad miral. • The Avon steam tender arrived at Portsmouth yesterday, with men paid off from her Majesty's ship Exmouth at Devonport. _ The Archduke Maxiniilian of Austria inspected the Great Eastern steamship, under construction at MiEwan, on Saturday morning. Her Majesty's screw steam sloop Lyra was on Saturday, received into basin at Woolwich, to be fitted for service. The paddlewheel steamer Vivid, late tender to the Fisgard, was on Saturday hauled out of basin at , Woolwich, and ordered to be docked on Monday. • The paddlewheel steam-sloop Ardent was on Sa turday placed under the east shears in the inner basin, Woolwich, to have her engines re-shipped, after thorough repairs in the factory of that yard. The paddlewb eel steam-frigate Firebrand, at Woolwich, is ordered to Deptford yard, to go through the necessary repairs in the hull. Amongst the buildings erected in Sheerness dockyard by the eminent firm of Messrs. Rigby, of Westminster, stands the new testing-house, for testing anchors and cables by hydraulic pressure. On Friday last a mooring-chain of 3i inches was tested at full working power —viz., 150 tons hydraulic pressure. Everything worked admirably to the satisfaction of the dockyard authorities. The Waterloo, 120, flag ship, Capt. Lord F. H. Kerr, will soon strike the flag of Vice Admiral Hon. W. Gordon, commander-in-chief at Sheerness, the gallant admiral's time expiring on the 30th inst. A letter received at Sheerness from Madeira, dated 10th May, states that the yacht Emperor, in tended as a present to the Emperor of Japan, left there that day, after coaling, for Japan, via St. Helena, Cape of Good Hope, and Singapore. , The paddlewheel steam-vessel Otter, Lieut. Commander Cortland H. Simpson, arrived at Sheerness yesterday at 11.30 from Portsmouth. The screw steam guardship at Sheerness, Edin burgh, has in consequence of so .many continuous service men claiming their discharge, issued posting bills for the entry of leading stokers and stokers, to carry on the duties required on board the several divisions of vessels laid up in the steam reserve at that port. • The Ganges, 84, sailing ship, has been masted at Sheerness. It is reported that she will be commis sioned during the present week, and that Rear- Admiral of the Red Provo William Parry Wallis will hoist his flag on board of her. The screw steam sloop Malacca, 17, was put out of the basin at Shee r ness on Satu r d a y, an d t owe d to her moorings by the African and Myrtle as an advanced sh;p of the first division of the steam re serve. The f •llowing appointments were made cn &tur d iy at the Admiralty :7—Mr. D. Dew, C. 8., Inspec tor of Hospital=, to the Belleisle ; I. Ilearnden, assistant-pasmaster in charge, to the Myrmidon ; J. V. Millett, clerk, to the Castor. Indian product requiring care and skill, so long as t'ley remained in the exclusive hands of the natives of India. Such was the case with sugar, indigo, silk, and lac, until their preparation was un de: taken by Europeans, and the value of these articles now exported cannot be estimated at less than 15,000,0001., a property, the greater part of it, thel creation of English skill, enterprise, and capital. Europeans have not engaged in the culture of cotton, which no doubt they would have done had they found it profitable, and the consequence is that Indian cot ton is a barbarous article. It is not the only one that is in this state when neglected by Europeans. Tol , as,co, for example, has been cultivated in India for 250 years, and many of its soils and climates are as well adapted for it as those of Maryland or Cuha. Although universally produced it is a wretched article, so unfit for exportation that it hardly shows its face in an English price current. The value of all the crude tobacco imported into England in 1855 was 1,303,0001., of which British India sup plied 171. worth. : The value of cigars furnished by the Spanish possessions of Cuba and the Philip pines in the same year was 237,447/. ; that of Bri tish India was 4831. ! In consequence of Irish famine and free trade, maize came to be a new im port into England, a few years back, and ready America supplied us in 1855 with this corn to the value of 1,171,5001., our whole imports amounting to the value of 2,640,251/. Of this British India did not furnish a single bushel. Although Indian industry is incapable of pro ducing for exportation commodities demanding skill and care in preparation, it produces freely enough such as are the mere product of crude and cheap manipulation, or which can be raised on land too poor to be applied to the production of bread corn, or which the forests yield, or which there is no market for at home. Thus, although oppressed by a pernicious monopoly, it produces opium to the yearly value of 2,000,0001. We have at this mo ment before us a list of no fewer than 24 articles unknsown to Indian commerce before the abolition of the monopoly, and the aggregate value of which imported into England in 1855 was no less than 3,500,0001. They consist of such commodities as cocoa-nut husks, oil seeds, a kind of coarse hemp (corconts junccea), sheep's wool, coarse but useful, hides, cocoa-nut oil, gutta percha, Indian rubber, gambier, and tallow. Such commodities as these, it will appear at once, demand no skill ; wherever skill and care are required for the pro luction of commodities suited to the European market, the Hindus will be found unequal to their production. The Chinese canmakefine sugar andfinet-ilk without European help, but not the Hindus. Among such new commodities as those above referred to, those demanding skill are all of Chinese manufacture, such as Malay tin, sago, gambier, and the good sugars of Siam, Java, and Manilla. For impeovement in the growth of Indian cot ton the Manchester interest is di s p ose d t o l ay mighty stress on irrigation, but this is quite a mis take on their part. Cotton is a dry-field, not a wet field culture, and there are, indeed, few useful plants that thrive so well with little moisture. When land is made amenable to permanent irrri gation (an expensive process) its productive powers are increased five-fold, nay even up to ten-fold, when the water supply is ample and ifs sources perennial. The most valuable crops only will then be cultivated, and rice, within the Tropics and near them, will be sure to have the preferen ce , even on lands but partially irrigated. Cotton will only follow rice, as a second crop within the year, as do sesame, pulses, and such like plants —save all crops, as it were. This is Indi an h us b andry, and Manches'er possesses no magician's wand to change it. LLOYD'S SHIPPING.- 4Zits Day.) LONDON, June 22.—Wind this day at noon, N. N.E. light airs, and hazy. PLYMOUTH, June 21.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Gentoo, from Sierra Leone. PORTSMOUTH, June 21.—Wind W.—Arrived—Fier Majesty's steamer Avon, from Devonport, and proceeded to the Eastward. DARTMOUTH, June 21.—Wind W.—Arrived—Scotland (9.8 ). from Calcutta. DUNDEE, Jane 29.—Wind S.E.—Sailed—john, for Cape of Good Hope. FALMOUTH. June 21.—Wind W.S.W.—Arrived—Va lencia, from Matanza. CARDIFF, June 21.—Sailed--St. Augustine, for Ceylon Rautnei, Rio Janeiro. HULL, June 20. —Wind E.N.E.—Sailed—Rob Roy, for Bombay. NEWPORT, Jane 20.—Wind E.S.E..—Arrived—Hap niman, from Nantes for St. Thomas (PER ELECTRTO TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, Monday, 10 a.m , Wind W. Arrived—Bessie, from Portsmouth ; Union, Wyborg ; Mermaid, Newport. Sailed— Thuile, for Copenhagen ; Hamlet, Ernestine, and Solide, Guernsey; Harmony, Griffin, Ellen, Atalanta, and Sir P. Peel, Sunderland. LivEurooi, Monday Mornin& W ind S.W. Arrived—Bonne Mere, from Bourdeaux; A.dolphine, Ice land; Emma, Hamburg. Sailed—Fox, for Venice; Preuzen, St. Petersburg; Isaac Wright, New York ; B annoc kb urn, Montreal; Normau screw steamer, Hamburg; Cora, Hamburg; Elise, Cron stadt. (BY SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAPH.) GRAVED, Monday, Wind N.W. ; tide two hour' S s fl ood; cloudy .9.2o A.M. Arrived, June 22—Denmark, from Havre; Don Alfonso, Valencia. June 21—Northumberland, for Calcutta; Mid summer, Sunderland; liabella, Benin. DEAL, Monday, 9 a.m ; light weather, foggy. Passed, June 21--Vesta (s.s.), for Oporto; Durham, Mika ; Fomasino, Swansea ; Feliz, Cadiz ; Agatha (s), Saleombe. ROCHDALE ELECTION.—This committ-e met on Satur day when a discussion ensued as to whether strangers should be allowed to be present at its proceedings, and it was ultimately decided in the negative. Those mem bers and several gentlemen of the press who were in at t indance hal accordingly to retire. 'MONUMENT TO CAPTAIN LYONS —A monument to the memory of Captain Lyons, son of Admiral Lord Lyons, who was killed' on board the Miranda, which be commanded in a night attack on Fort Constantine, on the 15th of J une, 1855, in the late war with Russia, has just been placed in the south aisle of St. Paul's Cathe dral. It was executed by Mr. Noble, of Bruton-street, and consists of a large tablet, on which is carved th e :Miranda attacking the battery. The sculpture is very good, the difficulty of representing water and smoke in marble having been surmounted with BUCC:Se. The national flags of England, France, Sardinia and Turkey, with a medallion likeness of the lamented officer, sure rounded with oak and laurel branches, aro introduced. The monument, as the inscription states, is erected " in deepest grief by the officers and ship's company of her Majesty's ship Miranda, who had served under the gal lant officer in the Baltic, White Sea, Black. Sea, and the Sea of Az ell." ST. JAMES'S PALACE.—Whenever there leas been a question of abeltshing St. James's Palace, or of apply ing it to any useful purpose, the ccurt always maintained that, however old and ugly it might be, it was the most convenient and commodious inside for receptions and state occasions of any palace in Europe. Thanks to Verbena, the falsehood of this cry has been exposed ; and as it is now known that St. James's Palace is as in convenient as it is ugly, there can be no possible reason why it should be allowed to encumber the ground. Let open St. Jarnee's-street into it came down a t once , an d the Park and Pall-mall into the Green-park. We should then have a metropolitan improvement for which the public would not object to give a quid pro quo in the shape . of providing a place for court ceremonies and state receptions. But as for laying out a penny on St. James's Palace, the proposition is absurd and offen sive to the common sen-e of the nation. Clear the ground and sell the old materials for what they will fetch, and then let the site, except the roadway into the Park, be applied for public purposes or leased. Then, e‘itle the money, we may be able to put up a couple of boiler-houses in Kensington swamps for the milts to be held, if it still be inconvenient to hold them in Buck ingham Palace. In fact, Kensington swamp appears a very proper place indeed for the court to be held in. It is the place of predilection of the Field Marshal. A couple of boiler-houses would not cost much, and they would be quite costly enough for drawing-rooms, seeing they have been deemed good enough for our fine art collection.—Building New. [ADVERTISEMENTI—Mothers and Nurses w ill fi n d D u Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food admirably adapted to remove all disorders of stomach and bowels to which in fants and children are at all times liable, such as indigestion, 'flatulency, colic, dysentery, diarrhoea, constipation, debility, and restlessness. It strengthens, nourishes, and is used with more advantage than milk iu rearing infants. We quote a few testimonials:— No. 58,034, Grammar School, Stevenage, Dec. 16, 1850. " Gentlemen,—We have found it admirably adapted for infants. Our baby has never once had disordered bowels since taking it.—R. Ambler." Amsterdam, 31st Dec., 1852. Dear Sir,—Our child, up to the age of eleven weeks, was very delicate and wasting away, and milk, sago, and arrowroot turned sour on its stomach, causing great suffer ing. ' We then fed it upon Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica, which agreed wonderfully with her ; and she is now, at the age of nine months, a plump and lively little girl.—Daniel Servas. Wildervank, Holland, Sept. 20, 1853. Dear Sir, — Our baby, which Heaven presented us with ten months back, was attacked, when four weeks old, with a disease of the stomach and glands, by which our seven previous infants -had all been carried off, and this last child seemed destined to follow its sisters and brothers before many days, for our doctor, a very able practitioner, had, during three weeks, ex hausted all his skill, and was at a loss what to prescribe next, when he advised Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica, which, greatest I am happy to say, worked a great change fur the better in a tverwelldays ; and, in six weeks' time, the child was perfectly , and is now a cheerful, blooming boy—a source of the veredThis delicious remedy may fairly b e ..... _ w t i ns t p h p id in e e r s e s d o t n o e u o s f the ali. greatest blessings ever disco- Chemistry, D r bii ,...,„ ___., _ eternal gratitude, yours, &c., L. H. Vaalman. k'PorLeu by testimonials from the celebrated tod Professors of Andre w 17re ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ; Dr. Campbell ;* 3: ;. 9attiker ; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram ; Lord Stuart d e I %cl:a ; the Dowager Countess of Castle- Stuart; Major-Gen, persons, whose health has King, and many other respectable been ead e r rs est ar or e e r d ef b err y it, e after all other means of cure had failed. ' this invaluable food oa r ing or further particulars respect- Advertisemen t in anotUer part of thi f . d_to Du Barry's Paper. LOUIS NAPOLEON AT PAUL7'. - (Prom the Times.) No one can presume for a moment that Franco believes in her own institutions. There exists at present across the Channel a Constitution as clearly defined and as elaborate as our own. At the head of the Administration is an Emperor elected by universal suffrage, the guardian of the laws, the supporter of order, the chief of the forces by land and sea. This Sovereign is assisted by a Council of State, who prepare laws and advise on the ex ecution of them. Then there is a Senate, composed of the most distinguished men of the country—the Marshals, the AdmiralP, the Cardinals, and other high dignitaries. Lastly comes the Representative Body, chosen by the people on the very broadest basis. Surely here is a Constitution which ought to mean something, and to give some guarantees for liberty. And yet it is but a name, a delusion, the shadow of a shade. There is the Emperor firm in his seat, and the army steady in its allegiance and in its hatred of the Pariiian mob. These make the Government—everything else is but a fiction more or less serious ; and yet it would appear that despotism must pay a certain homage to the shale of departed freedom. In this age even absolute au thority must have its decencies. The Constitution of 1852 must occasionally be brought into action, not to attain any definite end, not to satisfy any immediate demand, but to prove that the life has not quite departed out of it. For some reason best known to the rulers of France, it is thought.conve nient that mankind should not place the Govern ment of Paris in the same class as those of Berlin or Vienna. The French Sovereign must appeal in some degree to 1789 and to the new principles of France, and"these aro more or less connected with the preservation of democratic forms, however un meaning and ineffective they have become. Hence the ceremony of a general election. It is a super stition of the dynasty. The appeal to the entire people is part of the Napoleonian idea—something to be kept up in form, -however it may be influen ced and perverted. Every one feels raturally disposed to ask why these elections take place at all. The Emperor had a legislature as quiet and subservient as he could possibly wish ; why did he not keep it ? True, its term had expired according to the constitution ; but what is the constitution but the offspring of his own will,*a form of government which he establish ed, and which he may change ? Surely the planner of the coup d'etat cannot be scrupulous as to the rights of representative assemblies. Why this wond rous devotion to legality, so strangely contrasted with the cavalier proceedings of Prefects all through the country ? Here is a Government which, on the eve of an election of the people's representatives, prepares its own list of candi dates, enforces the choice of them by official ar ticles, by a vast organisation of functionaries, by making known its intention to grunt liceuses, pri vileges, and places only to. those who support it ; which " warns ' one of the most popular newspapers in France for recommending the claims of Opposi tion candidates ; whi c h, i n fact, openly asserts its right to control the choice of the people, and prac tically to nominate the representatives, and yet this same. Government will not go one little step further to save itself all this trouble, vexation, and scandal. An Englishman would certainly think it a much less stretch of authority for a Parliament to prolong it own existence than for the Crown to com mand every county and borough to choose Govern ment members. We cannot at first see any valid reason why a project of law should not have been introducnd mo _Hying the Constitution so far as to add another five years to the life of the late Repre sentative Body. It seems, however, that a defer ence to the principl e o f universal suffrage, a belief that its occasional exercise, though really without liberty or practical result, gives fresh strength to the Imperial system, is among the most deeply rooted feelings of the present ruler. The success of past trials has naturally tended to strengthen this prepossession. The vote of the people made him President, President for life, and Emperor ; it pro duced the late Assembly, which has proved so obe dient and so adulatory ; it may well be expected to confim his five yeare'policy by returningat his bidding the same body of men who had before received his approbation. Another reason for this appeal, or pretence of an appeal, is the disquiet which ever affects absolute authority. The very apathy of the French has of la, , e made the Government feverish. It has been terrified at the . stillness itself has made. What could be the meaning of this wonderful obedience, this portentous lull in the atmosphere ? Was it the tranquility which is said to precede the earthquake ? It would be a relief to break the silence ; even a demonstration or a tumult would be better than the broeding whch must be hidden under such an unruffled surface. It was, no doubt thought that at this period of prosperity and commercial activity the elections would pass off quietly. Certainly the Imperial Go vernment is conspicuous for the success of its policy and the splendour of its fortune. It has since the last- election humbled Russia, attached to itself Austria, Prussia, and Sardinia, and established no small influence in Spain. France has been intersected by railways, which are worked with profit to the shareholders and comfort to the public, trade has increased enormously, private life has become luxu rious, and private ambition turned into a channel which saves the Sate from all the dangers which spring from unruly energies. In fact, the Etnperor tiso powerful s and d el f le i ct and fairly YPP c u o lar uLge a his, friends i are w a o ble t greater enem i.estbcaonnftehsast ofth aatnyhis i good fortune has been It might na turally be supposed that the forme r re p resen t a ti ves d b e again to o elected, with just sufficie n t s h ow o f opposition the Court t o d ec l are th a t woulenable opinion was not dead in France. Those who were not for the Government were at first unwilling to be against it. The policy of abstaining from voting was recommended to all who could not conscien tiously support a Government candidate. Both 171- tramontanes, who hanker after the Bourbons, and Democrats, who look forward to ano her Republic, were for a time in favour of this course. But of late a change has come over the political world. The newspapers, the liberal circles, the old Constitu tional and Republican patties have resolved to mako a demonstration. Of course, these different sets quarrel among themselves by the agency of their respective journals ; but still there his been sufficient unanimity to enable the Liberals of diffe rent shades to put forward a threatening list of can didates. The men of 1848 are emerging from seclu sion, and appear once more on the stage. Cavaignac, Bethmont, Carnot, Goudechaux, Lasteyrie, Rey nand, Garnier Pages, Jules Simon, Bastide, will receive the suffrages of all the discontented of Paris. In the departments several Constitutional ists and Republicans will try their fortune. Now as to a practical effect—the actual election of an Opposition candidate—of course, that is a matter in which the Government is omnipotent. The cult dy of the ballot-boxes and the proclamation of votes are functions of the authorities, and we can scarcely doubt the result. But these things can never be kept entirely secret. By private communication it will be known if any Opposition candidate re ceives a large number of votes, and the strength of the parties disaffected to the Imperial power will be pretty accurately tested. Under these circumstances the Government has given symptoms of something like alarm. The Prefect of the Seine, and now the Minister of the Interior, have pub lished manifest oes i n a tone o f mingled defiance and supplication, which cannot fail to produce a bad effect. M. Hausmann addresses the electors of the Seine with a heat which is both insulting to them and undignified in himself ; while M: Billault's message to the Prefects betrays no small apprehen sion, veiled under an hysterical affectation of con fidence. On the whole, we cannot believe that the present elections will add much to the Imperial prestige. It would have been wise to leave France quiet while she was prostrate ; the chain neither clanked nor burdened her ; now that she is bidden to rise and dance in her fetters she must hear their ill-omened sound, and feel their intolerable weight (From the Daily News.) Not a few French electors seem disposed to walk into a net stretched for them by their Government. Some mutter that they will not vote for a candi date unless they are made certain beforehand that he will take the oath. A deputation of the electors of the third Arrondissement of Paris have gone so far as to wait upon General Cavaignac, and ask him point blank whether, in the event of his being elected, he would take it. It is evident that these Marplots entirely misapp re h en d th e i mme di a t e object of the electoral movement. Independent candidates are being brought forward, and electors are called upon to support them, in order to afford the friends of Parliamentary government in France an opportunity to pronounce in its favour. To ensure the registering of the greatest possible num ber of votes in favour of Parliamentary government the best known and most trusted political leaders are selected as candidates. The business of the electors is to reco r d as many votes as t h ey possibly can for these candidates, less for the puiposo of ensuring their admission to the Corps Legislatif than for the purpose of proving to the Emperor and the world that Frenchmen have not renounced their attachment to representative government ; that they are still reso l u t e t o asser t th eir right to a INOIN UN'E 22 1857' voico in the managment of the'r own affairs ; that tkey are act so silly Gr so dastardly as to allow' ono t mAtt tutor or guardian to do eveything for t`!em, in tl:eir name, as if they were idiots or in t.: des. When the elections are over it will be the turn of the independent candidates who have been elected—if any are elected—to decide how they are to act. The honest and liberal electors will then have done their part • recorded their u n dyi ng devo tion to the came of eree discussion, and of the self govermlont of the people through the instrumen tality of elected representatives. The time will then have come for the elected independent candidates to make up their minds whether the conditions prescribed by the Government to those who seek admission into the Corps Legislatif can be complied with by them. The probability is that some will find nothing in the oath exacted from members of the Corps Legis latif that is incompatible with their principles and views of policy, and that some will find it utterly repugnant to both. It will, of course, be the duty of the former to take the oath, and of the latter to reject it. Both will be doing good service to their country by the courses they respectively pursue, diametrically opposite though these courses be. They who refuse to take the oath will demonstrate to all reflecting and intelligent Frenchmen that the oath is of such a partial and captious character as to deprive them of the legislativeservices of many of their best and most trusted citizens. They who take the oath may by their criticism of the mea sures submitted by Government to the Corps Legislatif, and by their votes upon them, open the eyes of the unreflecting to the mischievous opera tion of a nominal Legislature which is a mare office for registering the edicts of the administrative. The electors who vote for independent or opposi tion candidates, the successful independent candi dates who take the oath, and those who decline it —all will be taking an important part in an initia tory movement, the object of which is to create or resuscitate a national constitutional party in France. This is all that true patriots in France have any chance of accomplishing at present. The unpre meditated revolution which the blended self-will and imbecility of Louis Phillippe, Guizot and their creatures, provoked in Paris, called into exist ence a multitude of contending parties, and de stroyed every centre of combinesl action. A wary, bold, unscrupulous, under-estimated man availed himself of this state of anarchy to snatch the reins of government. By irritating and- fostering sec tional grudges, he set the labouring classes in array against the middle-class. By fawning upon the speculators of the Bourse, he gained the support of its most unscrupulous members. By large donations and larger promises, he gained the mercenary and unprincipled part of the army and of the civil administration. When thus far secure of his object, he sought to impart an appearance of popular sanction to his usurpation by appealing to an election by universal suffrage. The deceived labouring class rallied round his standard ; the timid and the friends of order, weary of apparently interminable emeutes, acquiesced reluctantly ;,the dexterous manipulation of the ballot-boxes by local authorities who held their places on the good-will of the Central Government did the re , t. A large epparent majority was gained for the claims of the Napoleon dynasty. Tois- vote the Emperor now affects to understand as a distinct resignation by the country of its right to withdraw the authority it conferred upon any future occasion. Such a gross fallacy can delude no man. If the nation has the right to vote a man into the throne, it must have a right to vote him out of it again. If it has the right to vote one new Constitution, it must have the right to vote another. If the right of universal suffrage exists in the nation it must be inalienable; and though the nation remains, the individuals composing it are in an incessant state of change, and with them their wishes, needs, and opinions. This the intelligent and enlightened citizens of France know right well, and are no ways disin clined to assert th9ir rights. But the distrusts and animosities so insidiously sown amongst them are still rankly luxuriant. Combined action is still all but impossible ; and the one man in authority holds the national purse-strings, and in doing so holds the armed force, and the police with all its spies and other agencres. France, toe, has been' taught by dear experience the bootlessness of mo mentary emancipation gained by violence. The restorers of her liberties can have no chance ex cept in working by peaceable and legal means. The impediment in the way of adopting such means is the want of cordiality and mutual confidence among the adherents of free representative institu tions. The restoration of this cordiality and confi dence can only be the work of habitual association in the prosecution of one common object. Such a common object is now placed within the reach of the French Liberals by the electoral movement, which aims at eliciting a national pronunciam,ento in favour of real representative government. In this movement all can take part—all can act in conceit, who have faith in government by majori ties, and in the power of free discussion to inspire those majorities with humanity, rectitude, and wisdom. However widely they may differ on other points, all who -believe that it is the right of the majority of a nation to determine how it shall he ruled, and that it is the right of parties and indivi duals to endeavour to sway that majority by rea soning and persuasion, can take part in the elec toral movement which is at 'present agitating France to its centre. The Orleanist, the Republi can,_the_Socialist—Lasteyrie, Cavaignac, and Dari mou—all who are opposed to the unchecked despotism of one man, or the brute rule of ementiers by profession, can struggle side by side for the resuscitation of Parliamentary government in France. All Europe has, and feels, an interest in the result of this movement. The temporary erasure of France from the list of free nations has cast a gloom over the prospects of the freemen of Europe—a gloom which can never be dispelled till free representative institutions resume.their ascen dancy in France, with their permanence guaranteed by the patient devotion, the temperate judgment, and the fearless promptitude of ac. ion displayed by the majority of the French people in their re suscitation. PEOSECUTION OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE ROYAL BRITISH BANK. (From the Observer of yesterday.) The directors 'of the late Royal British Bank already in custody or liberated on bail are at pre• •sent five in number. Mr. Owen, Mr. Stapleton, M.P., and Mr. Macleod have put in bail for th-ir appearance ; Mr. Humphrey Brown is at present iu the Queen's Bench Prison, not having completed his bail. Mr. Alderman Kennedy.is on his way to this country, and will arrive in London to-day in custody of one of the assistants of Inspector Field. Bail is ready to be given to the required amount for Mr. Kennedy. Alderman Kennedy was captured in the- south of Germany by Inspector Field. He hid for some time past been suffering considerably in health, and was about to leave the resictmce he had occupied for some time for one in Italy. The alderman was, it is stated, considerably alarmed on being arrested. He was first taken to Wiesbaden, where he was l e ft by th e officer and a member of firm of Messrs. Linklater and Rack wood, in charge of an assistant instructed to accom pany him to London. Mr. H. D. Macleod, who was a director of the bank in the earliest stages, surrendered himself at Boulogne on Thursday morn ing last to Mr. Hosgood. who held the warrant for his apprehension, and in whose company he arrived in town on the afternoon of that day. Mr. Macleod was subsequently brought up before Mr. Justice Erle, at judges' chambers, ween.the amount of his bad was fixed at 8,0001., himself in 4,0001. and two sureties of 2,0001. each. Mr. Humphrey Brown, it appears, succeeded for some time in evading being taken, by wearing green spectacles and a wig, which most effectually altered his personal appearance. No proceedings will be taken against Mr. Apsley Pellatt ; his connexion with the concern, and the acts which he perfomed, having been deubless in influenced bya feeling of the most perfect confidence in the integrity of those with whom he was asso ciated. He was in no way bmefitted by the frau dulent transactions of the Bank, and the Attorney- General feeling convinced that the prosecuticn of that gentleman would be attended with failure, has decided not to take steps against him. The indict ments against the parties are for having conspired fraudulently to obtain a charter from her Majesiy's Privy Council; and also for conspiring to obtain money by fraudulent representations. The trials will not, it is expected, come off before November, and they will take place in the Court of Queen's Bench. The bill to enable the assignees of the bank to effect a compromise between the shareholders and depositors has passed the House of Commons, and now awaits a second reading in the House of Lords: It is stated, however, that Lord St. Leopards and some other of the law lords are opposed to the further progress of the bill until the appeal from the decision of the Master of the Rolls in Irelana, re specting the liability of the shareholders of the Tip perary Bank, has been decided. A telegraphic despatch arrived in London last night, stating that. Mr. Cameron, the late manager of the tank, had been arrested at Lausanne ; and it was reported that Mn -Esdaile, the governor of the bank, had been captured. M. .r. R. PALMER, M.P. TOR BERICS.—This t on. gen . tleman whose illness from a s u dd en h aemorr h age at the nose while at Ascot races was noticed in The Sun a week ago, is now rapidly approaching convalescence. There were last week many calls at liolme-park to inquire after the hon. gentleman's hoalth, and the accounts given by the medical advisers were gratifying to the friends and relatives of Mr. Palmer.'' THE GOVERNMENT OF CEYLON, (Front the Examiner ) There are mire ways than one of doing injusuice to a Government ; its faults may be exaggerated ; its merits may be underrated ; errors may be im puted to it of which bus not been guilty; the good that it has accomplished may be ascribed to other causes, or it may be denied, or the critic may choose to shut his eyes to it altogether. But air these ways of wronging a Government are hackneyed. It was left for Sir H. G. Ward, the present Governor of peylon, to hit upon an ori ginal one, of which he has given the public a speci men in his mode of treatng the administration of Lord Torrington. The method of Sir H. G. Ward consists, not in ignoring fair results, but in ignor ing their obvious causes. No man . sees the excel lent effects of a predecessor's policy with a clearer vision ; ho not only sees, but beholds them with admiration • ho not only admires, but admires en thusiastically ; he finds the colony on his arrival in the enjoyment of " a prosperity unexampled in its previous history ;" and he writes despatches home expressing in rapturous terms his satisfaction at finding himself in the midst of if. But it is the result only that he sees with the optics of an eagle ; Sir Henry is as blind as a bat to the sources of the prosperity that amazes him ; he professes himself "unable to account for it ," the simplest and most natural explanation never once occurs to him ; he never dreams of attributing to Lord Torrington the state of thin g s that Lord Tor rington left behind him, and, instead of congratu lating him on his fortune and success, observes that "it was his fate to enter on the government at a time when progress was impossible and improve ment out of the question." Lord Torrington was well justified in 'expecting from Sir H. Ward a very different notice of an ad ministration which had borne the heat of the day and brunt_ of the battle, and made the path of go vernment smooth and easy for his successors. His lordship observes, in his temperate anctdignified letter to Mr. Labouchere, lately printed in a Par liamentary paper : " Harassed as I have been for so many years by reflec tions cast on my public and legislative acts during the time that I administered the government of Ceylon, reflections which I was utterly unable to t urn as id e till their injus tice could be demonstrated by results which had still to be waited for ; I entertained a natural c‘mfidence that the present Gisvernor, with opportunities of personal observa tion and experience, would have been enabled to trace my policy in its effects, and to render, by his testimony to its soundness and success, that tardy justice which has so long been withheld from me, and, allow me to add, from Earl Grey, under whose ample and able instructions I entered upon my government, and was guided in my policy. , My disappointment, therefore, is keen on discovering that, although Sir H. G. Ward has the satisfaction to find himself in the midst of a prosperity almost unexampled in the previous history of Ceylon, the extent of his acknow ledgments is a confession of his inability to account for it —an avowal which he accompanies by ignoring those acts of my government to which it is mainly referable, and condoning my assumed shortcomings by ascribing to me utter helplessness ; that it was my fate, as he says, to enter on the government at a time when progress was im possible,' and improvement out of the question.' " Lord Torrington further remarks "It doesseem to me strange when Sir H. G. Ward was made so well acquainted with the critical condition of Ceylon before my arrival, and is so familiar with its state after my departure, that the measures which I originated at the time for the relief of the colony, and which have proved so successful since, wore not brought under his notice. Ido not coincide in his view that a time of great difficulty must necessarily be a period of inaction. On the contrary, stimulated by the crisis in which I found the colony involver', I addressed myself to the taskof its extri cation and its future security against similar embarrass ments, by a series of precautions and reforms which, had they been brought under his notice, would have satisfied Sir H. G. Ward that to their opera tion the island is mainly indebted for that easy con dition of its finances which so materially facilitates his own course of action at the present day." Sir H. G. Ward pronounces impossible what bad actually come to pass, and declares an improvement out of the question which was staring him bodily in the face. The trees were so numerous and so flourishing thatthey concealed the grove completely from the spectator's view. When Lord Carlisle went over as Lord Lieutenant to Ireland he found that country, as Sir H. Ward found Ceylon, "in a state of unexampled prospe rity." Now, imagine his lordship writing to the Home-office expatiating on the tranquil and flou rishing condition of the country, and at the same time observing of the previous administrations for the last 20 years that they " entered on the govern ment in times when progress was impossible, and im provement out of the question." But this would not have matched the absurdity of Sir H. Ward, forthe influence of wise government was far more strongly marked in the case of Ceylon than Ireland, where so much more was due to the course of events over which the laws and Government had but little con trol, Lord, Torrington's administration, in fact, did nothing for Ceylon, with the trivial exception of leaving au island which he found in the greatest confdsion in a state of admirable order, and a co lony which he found on the verge of bankruptcy blessed with a full and a flowing exchequer. Cey lon is at this moment one of the most flyurishiug settlements in the vast circle of our colonial e tnp ire. But S r E. Wart seems to have thought that even the praise cf having done nothing was too much to 'allow the Torrington Government, for, though ho admits it was done " with firmness," he is careful to add that his lordship was " most ably aided and seconded by Mr. M'Carthy." "It is necessary," continues • the letter to Mr. Labouchere, ," To remind you, Sir, of the state in which I found Cey lon on my assumption of thegovernmen tin 1847 ; its trEamry nearlyempty, its current expenditure largely in excess of its annual income, its commerce declining, the cultivation of its staple products, coffee and cinnamon, suddenly arrested and discouraged, and its general condition leading rapidly to bankruptcy. It was under these disheartening circum stances that; according to.the present dispatch, I practi cally did nothing, but did it with firmness,' and was most ably aided and seconded by Mr. M'Carthy.'" The slightest and most superficial inquiry would have saved Sir H. Ward from committing himself to such a tissue of absurdity, contradiction, and in j us ' ice. From this able Mr. M'Carthy, had be been called upon for the details of the assistance he rendered his chief, Sir H. Ward wouldprobably have learned the truth' which it appears he had not the sagacity to read in the phenomena of order and prosperity surrounding him. Tne most cursory analysis of the nothing clone by Lord Torrington would have dis closed the important series of somethingswhich his lordship has htd no alternative but to record for himself—a duty which he discharges with equal clearness and modesty in the paper before us. But Mr. M'Carthy, Lord Torrington's imme diate successor, was not silent on the subject. From his opening address to the Legislative Coun cil his lordship quotes the following passage, which it is strange that Sir H. G. Ward should never have - reid, and stranger still, if he did read it, that he should have remained insensible to Lord Tor rington's indefatigable and efficient exertions : ' " I cannot conclude the observations which I have ) thought it incumbent on me to make without con ,, ratula- L ting you, gentlemen, on the remarkable and, of lato years, quite unprecedented state of financial prosperity and pro miie of which the papers that I now lay on the table afford such satisfactory proof. Tae comparative state of the re venue and expenditurofor the half of the present year shows a surplus revenue of 10,6631. 18s. 33d. ; and, to judge from the large sums received into the Treasury since that date, accompanied by the unceasing care which has been taken to dimish the expenditure whenever an opportunity has been offered by the fusion into one of different departments of the public service, and a rigid control over the outlay of the public money, it may, I think s he justly and reasonably anticipated that the sur plus will be increased by the end of the "financial year. Yoa will also perceive, from the papers now laid on your table, that this surplus is no forced or fictitious one pro duced by the postponement of charges which would sooner or later have to be paid. I have to point out to you the pleasing fact that within the last few months the whole of the outstanding debts to the presidencies and agents in .India have been paid off by the Government. The debt of 50,0001. to the Oriental Bank, contacted in the em barrassment of 1818, has been paid of, prinoipal and in terest, with the exception of about 11,0',0(,, a sum of 10,0301. having been paid within the last few days. Large remittances have been made to the Agent..generat in London, who, contrary to the precedent of late years, in which 'he has frequently been in advance for payments .on account of the Ceylon Government, will have a considerable balance in band on the Ist of January next • and with all these payments and this almost total extinction of the debts due by this Govern ment the accounts of assets and liabilities which I have made up to the Ist of Oct. last show a balance in favour of the colony at the latter date of no less than 62,5891. ss. 3id. as compared with a balance of 36,5321.135. 7d. on the Ist of Jan. last, being an increase of 26,0)61. lie. 8,1 d." For other details of Lord Torringtou's measures we-must refer our readers to the letter itse'f ; he did exactly what the most judicious Government at home would have done, in the same circumstances, and for which he Well deserved the encomiums of Earl Grey, introducing the strictest economy into the public expenditure, while at the eagle time he improved the reVenud and developed the public resources, by abolishing export duties, with the exeeptiOn Of a single drticle j revising the tariff, and amending the Customs law—in .a word, by a prudent application of the principles of free trade to the e.;.,m -merce of the island: The results are visible in the sta tistical returns. The value ofooffee exported rose from 328,791/. in 1846 to 534,4541. in 1349. The value of cinnamon from 40,1651, in 1848 to 73,386/. in 1849, The value of imports ; exclusive of specie, was 998,8491, in 1846, when it was in a rapid de cline. In 1849 it began to look tip ; in 1850 it rose and iu 1855 was very little less - ehave,tat h I,va - 0,296/. ; in 1854 it reached netahtly 11%255000,0,00000/z Sir H. G. Ward might well call this an unexana _ ingairy ; ,would ilaVO abat e d h is un p bil osophical pled prosperity," but it is even as a matter ofpuriost Y f most shouldt astonishing n ver investigated whence this prosper i ity s . arose.stead oine c e Th wuncier , and imparted- to l'un in t felicity which the epicurean poet ascribes to the Man who has learned the effuses of things. Thera wau, in fact, only one point in which Lord Torring`on exp , )sE...d himself t grave censure in his public colduet as Governor of Ceylon ; we allude t ) his unfair treatment of Sir J. Emerson Ten nent ; but hie lordship has completely obliterated the recollection of that fault by the candour and ge nerosity with which he has pu bliclyacknowledged it. We have already approved the tone and spirit of the en' ire of the letter before us ; but the follovring passage is that which will advance the writer.raost in the public esteem : " If in the course of these strictures I may appear ego tistical, or to arrogate an undue share of merit for the po licy of my Government, I beg it distinctly to be under stood that I act under the impulse of feelings that extend to others as well Cs to myself. I had the aid and co-opera tion of officers in my administration whose judgment and efficiency would be as much condemned as my own, were the views expressed by Sir H. G. Ward to remain withou,t, correction. I owe this explanation therefore to them, and in an especial degree to Sir J. Emerson Tennent, whose able report on. the financial condition of the colony was placed in my bands by the Secretarylof State on appointing me to 'the government of Ceylon, accompanied by his own instructions ; and it mainly served as m y guide in framing my measures for the reform of the tariff and the removal of the restrictions on the commerce of the colony. On that and on every other oceasion I had in him an earnest, an energetic, and faith ful colleague, possessed beyond any other member of nil Government with a profound knowledge of the colony and its requirements. And the only painful remembrance fa' sociated with my residence iu Ceylon is the reflection that I once did him an injustice, on grounds which I need not now refer to." Country Markets. .HADDINGTON GRAIN MARKET—JuNE 19. WIIE A. T. I BARLEY OATS. I MAI 4 S. First 66s Od 428 Od 31s Od 49s Od Second 46s 01 36s 10d 3ls 6d 443 2a d Third 36s 01 1 29s 01 i 29.3 01 142 s O Total quantity of wheat in market, 481 qrs., 484 sold if barley ~ 89 qrs., 89 sold • oats 114 qrs., 114 sol i d beans 41 qrs., 41 sola PP , AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Wheat, 2/. 6 0 7-12t,hs Barley, —ll. 11 6 10.12 00 Oats, ... h. 11 6 10-12tha 'Beaus, 2/. 4 2 10-12t1.6 DAT.KRITH GRAIN MARKET—Jun 18. Qrs. Best. Current. Inferior 536 Wheat 64s 01 42s 6d 228 Oats 34s 01 27s 9 2 1 41.... ..... 17s 61 , 136 Barley 36s Od 33s 86d. 16 Peas & beans 468 Od 43s 3d ABERDEEN-JuNu 19. to P Co o m ta mon oa o t a s ts 2 2 6 1 as 0 0 ci d t t o o 2 2 6 7 5 s 6 0 ( 1 1 1101bs per bushel Bore 33s Od to 35s Od Barley 33s Od to 3 5 s Od odlbs Wheat, red (spring)4os Od to 448 Od , white 38s Od to 50s Od 621bs ' Oatmeal 20s Od to 21s 0 , 1 per boll. Flour 45s Od to 46s Od per sack. PROVISION MARKET. Beef, per lb Hutton; per lb c d , t w o 9 9 a d B Eggs,u t t r p , p doz.l b O s 1 0 0 s ( 7 1 ( t 0 0s cos ir, Lamb, do., Os 8d to Ou 101 I Hens, p pair 3s Od to 35 6 1 , Veal, per lb ... 6d to Os 9d Chickens,do.ls 6d to 26 Pork, per1b...03 6d to Os 7d Ducks, do., Os Od to 0t: 0 Salmon, per lb is 2d Ducklings, 2 s 6d to 3s 0 I Grouse, per brace.....os to Os Turkeys, each 4s Od to 4; 6 I Tallow, p stone, Os to lls 01 Potatoes, pr peck, 12d to 18 1 Rabbits, each 3d to 4d. Butter for exportation (present cure) per cwt.... 86s to 8 3 ? Eggs, wholesale price, per dozen 6d to bid RETAIL PRICES. F10ur,141b....0s Od to 2s fid Barley flour,l4lb.Os to 2s 2d, Oatmeal Os Od to 2s 1d dust, ..... Os to Os 10a Beremeal ,Odto 2s Od per lb 2d to 2ia Peasemeal... Os Od to 2s 8d Suds, 7d Cheese, per imperial stone, 4s. Od. to 4s 4-Ib. 10af...8d. I 2-Ib. 10af...4d. NEWCASTLE-JUNE 20. To-day we had a short supply of wheat from the farmers, with a good demand, at the fu!? prices of Tuesday. Sou th country and Foreign wheat held for the advance', but i a !' slow sale. Barley dul, but not lower. Flour firm , II former rates. Oats a fi ir sale, and the turn again" buyers. DUBLIN, JUNE 19. White wheat, 35s 61 to 39s 01; red ditto, 32a 61 to 3ds 6d; ditto new, —a; barley, malting, 163 61 to 25s ; grind . ing, —8 to —a ; oats, old, 13s 61 to 17s; ditto, new, Oct to —s 01; oatmeal, 15s to 1830,1; bore, new, ---3 to , 1 01 ; rapese-d, —a Od to —s Od per brl ; bakers' flour, 61 to 24s Od per cwt; Indian corn, 03 01 to 413 61 Pg 480 lbs. RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURN'S TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE WEEK. Miles opened. 1857. NAME OF RAILWAY. 1857. BalTlßii. Aberdeen ...• •• • • • • •• •• •• • •• •• Belfast and Ballymena •• • • •• • • •• Belfast and Coanty Down • ..• • •• •• Blrkenheed, Lancashire, and Cheshire Bolton, Diackburn,and West York •• • • Bristol and Exeter •• ..... •• •• .. Caledonian........ ••• • • ••••••• • • • • • Chester and Holyhead.•• • •• •.• • • Cork, Blackrock, and Passage ••• • • Cork and Bandon ................. Dublin and Belfast Junction ....... Dublin and Drogheda...... ........ Dublin and Kingstown •• • • • • •• • • •• • Dundee and Arbroath ............. Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen Janette: Dundalk ani Enntakillen• •• . • • •• •• • East •••• •••• •••• •• •• East Lancashire • • • • • • .• .... • • • • •• • • Eastern Counties and N0rf01k...... Eastern Union.. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Edinburgh and Glasgow" .•• •........ Edinburgh, Perth. and Dundee— ..• Exeter and Creditors... • ...••• •• •• • Furness Railway .!• •_•• Glaagow, and South-Weatern....... Great Northern..... iireat Southern and Western (Ireland Great Western •••••••••• •• • • •• • • Leah South Eastern .......... Lancaster and Carlisle Lancashire and Yorkshire.. ..... • • • • Leeds Northern .. • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport.. • • London and North Western ... • ....• London and Blackwall.• • • • • •• •• • • .. London, Brighton, and South Coast.. London and South Western., • • .....• Londonderry and Enniskillen .• • • Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock, &c. Manchester, Sheffield ,and Lincolnshire Manchester and South Junction...... Maryport and Carlisle .. • • •• •... Midland ••• • . ••••••••••.• • • • • •• • • Midland Great Western (Irish) ..... Monklands •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• • Newcastle and Carlisle.. • • North British •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• North Staffordshire •• • • North-Western •• •••• •• Scottish Central • • • • •• • • • • Scottish Midland •• •• •• •• Shrewsbury and Birmingham .... _ Shrewsbury and Chester ............ Shropshire Union -•••••••••• •. •• •8 south Devon ... • South Eastern •••. •• • South Wales .. •• •• South York., Doncaster, and .Goole Taff Vale •••••• •••••• •••• •• •• •• Ulster. •• • • •• .• Waterford And Limerick •• West Cornwall •• •• •• ••• • • ••••• • Whitehaven Junction ........... i;TZdNewcastle, and Ber wick & York and North Midland & Leeds.. FOREIGN. Dutch Rhenish •• ••• • .. •• •• •• •• •••• Lyons and Mediterranean •• •••••••• Montereau and Troyes ••••••••• Namur and Liege .. •• .............. Northern of France . ••••••••• Orleans and Central .. Paris and Lyons •• ••••••.,•• • • •• •• Paris and Rouen. •• •• •• •••• •• •••• •• Paris and Strasburgh •......• •• Rouen and Havre •• .• .. West and North-West of France •• 38,881 3 a,so° [ADVETISEMENT.]—HoIIoway'a Ointment and Pin g cured a wound in the leg of eleven years' standing. Mt . Welch, chemist of Brighton, states in a letter to Profes sor Holloway, dated Sept, 1855, that Mrs. Catherine Hudson, of Cavendish-place, in that town, had been suffering for eleven years from an ulcerous wound in the leg, for which she bad been under medical treatment 14 the London and Brighton Dispensaries, but derived no benefit therefrom ; •the application however, of 0 011° ' way's Ointment, and the use of Holloway's Pills, be" effected a perfect cure.—Sold by all medicine v ender° throughout the world ; and at Profedsor Hollowin g •Establishments, 244, Strand, London, and 80, Maiden' lane, New York ; by A. Stampa, Constantinople ; Guidicy, Smyrna ; and E.'Muir, Malta. BIRTHS. OF A SON. On the 20th inst., at Lee, Kent, Mrs. Freeling J. LOP rence. On the 19th inst., the wife of Edward Wilmot Seale, jun., Esq., solicitor, of •the Priory, Peckham, and Batik" chambers, Leicester-square. OF A DAUGHTER• On the 20th inst., at Bruce-grove, Tottenham, the wife of Frederick Maples, Esq. On the 20th inst., at Eltham, sent, the wife of Thoint' s Hopkirk, Esq. - 31.A.AR On the 20th inst., at St. George's ' Hanover-squaret August Theodor V eh y l, of Frankfort, to Mary Ann, the eldest daughter of Thomas Hookham, Esq., of Old Bond . street. On the 20 th inst., at St. Pancras Church, T. H. Batley Fellowes, Lieutenant R.N., son of Sir James FeHowes, to Constance Fanny, daughter of Charles S. Hanson, F- 44 " of Constantinople. DIED. At 6 9 , Eaton-place, after a very short illness, E 0111316 Laura, the wife of Charles Viscount Eversley, age 3 6 0 .„ On the 19th inst., at Brookman's-park, Hatfield, ger"; Captain Wm. A. C. Gaussen, of 14th Light Drag oon "' aged 38. On the 18th inst., at Chertsey, Henry Robertson, O' aged 71. On the 18th inst., at Broadwater Lodge , Sussex, W t. John L. Stringer, late of the Scots Greys, and Hill -lodge' Effingham, aged 78. LONDON : Printed and Published by MIIRDO YOILL": of No, 112, Strand, Printer , at 77te Sun Offi he ce, 17 1.12, Strand, in the Precinct o f the Savoy, in t CO IIO of Middlesex, Monday, June 22, UV. Becelpts• 18b6' MC Pi 5 , racterktir Morning 1 Stalls mat Polvzrant had at th< ROT teas of the of Forty o IL !lonic° Tho Lanc - MIS I Will revel GALLER' id 8. Mo 23. Is., St Beale, art( R O7 commend' Madame 1 Madame C strand, Mi Merr Reid Conductor' Admission „eiRE: J Seic 6 o'clock— Bosisio's I Marione Fireworks WednesC glen an asc in the e:ir N DOU SATURO.I "Civistrna Mr, W. II Tuesdny, new play, Street. by t and with tl bin, nn Sal Douglas Je War," at tl Lecture by tin's Hall, thelate Mr Eyed Sass 29th. The Con street, for I essions, wi main open Street. PHO' tN SrAGUI un Photocalwa Engraving: has se muc World. MI ~dO / 1, and hl be exhib'te Monday Btl Pall-mall 1 Photogal N.B.—:H examples. QECI 1,..Y HORL and Alining Securities, i their businc their capita Per cent., a reasonable Per cent.) a Poul Lrr try, oultry, Lo gow. S T A Capi Every de: Existing transferred duty. Claims se I TNT NOTICE; COURT of the 24th ins Street. 18th Jun( NATI, Francis B John Bra( Thomas C William 11 Johh Felt Charles G J. T. Cow BANKERS—] Abstract ITumber of mcnt of tl Amount pal Amount ref of premiu 1852.... Additions tc Annual ince of rremiu The amouni premium selves thi alone the At the las the reduetio or Premium, Maley had 1 from 50 to 1 the precedir The next Members that the sal The Pros other Intern July 17, 1 NO ; VOB. CoNSTII LIVER COIN 11) U . I IN( cost In othe consequent Sion, acidi c; 1 18teria, n the pit of t liens of th dfOpsy, rhe after eatinl general del Paralysis, t] Inory, dolt grc beet food turns Acid good libers end restore to the most ed Profess( Vey, Dr. C. Stuart de 1 other well this useful. In vain for Analysis.b " T her' A•ahlca Borne, canil stomach tion), cons The Cc 7)u Barry litniesty th the Minist Suitably canisters, quality, 11 ters are 1 Barry Du Mason, rn 60, Gram Cornbill ;- B aker-str A NEW Patent Ofl Ph arm TRIES] devoid oil Fold in tii N'a!pearl. I T RE LJ consequer long resid Strength now in th whatever ItIAGE, 1 effectual]: eradicate: forms, (11 , 'rine, P Ovalvi a /*silo of th, is the gre t ,ms. It rut aneou tions and the virns through I never-fai the Engli I ton of tt the Nvorl. Which sa' To lchai 140,Lesi f •rd-stret ringdon-s Paul's Ch work, pr ] and cont &e. It Who arc state, ats and ayph examina In l crosco lane, Pat Com NM 26% 117 198►% 94;j I% 183% 283 203 54 452 2554 90 28054; 161 637 5% 183% 277 173% 9) , i 23 567 177 78% 149 233 3011 171 1081 12% 682 _ 1,066 3,001 5,805 3,182 7,251 21,241 6,465 34,058 6,426 24,436 62,612 1,703 15,118 19,93 t 702 10,106 1,212 1,036 29,938 4,114 4,936 8,345 948 3,528 -- I,obl 2,03 7,28 8 11,73 9 5.571 6,44 7 20.6 3 9 7,7 46 31,810 6 0 20 23,172 4 7 79 7, 274 929 2,16 1