The Sun. — London, England, 1857-01-06 00:00:00

NOTES OF A TOUR FROM MO3CO W TO THL2 CRIMEA. ( From Special Correspondent of the Times.) At half-past 11 o'clock at night Tula seemed the last place in the world to suggest comparisons of either Sheffield or Birmingham. It was as silent and as lifeless as a village on the steppe, and almost as dark. As our carriage rumbled, creaked, and jolted through the long, broad, straight streets, the faint and infrequent lamps by the kerbstones only revealed the white walls of the long lines of two ' storied stucco houses, some mouldering and splatchy with decaying window-frames and ricketty doors, others rejoicing in the hollow glories of a new coat of plaster, and displaying new rampant lions and griffins and eagles in plaster on their portals, which the action of a few winters will reduce into the most unintelligible, terse, and fragmentary chaos. Not a soul was visible eiscept the usual watchmen rous ing out of his box as the tarantasse came near, and shouldering his halberd and tittering strange chal lenges' with a poor affectation of vigilance as we passed. No glare in the sky, reflected from active centre of life anti heat below, spoke of skill and industry still working, watchful and energetic ; no long tongues of flame from slender-necked chim neys licked the heavens into a fiery glow ; no dull, heavy thud or ponderous anvil pulse warned that the heart of labour was heating strong, full, and honest in that wide expanse of human habita tions ; in fact, anything so unlike Sheffield as as Tula could not be imagined. We had a long gingling drive through any numher of versts or muddy streets, and teen a sudden halt at a huge an d prison-looking building, at which our courier dismounted from his cold perch, and frern which emerged a hairy-hooded mujik waiter, the staple of whose conversation was the eternal"Niet, niet ' (No !no !). Indeed if it be true that the first notion of a Frenchman on gaining possession, temporary or in permanence, of the smallest patch of terra firma, is to stick up a hoard with " C'est defendu de," something or other upon it, there is a sort of moral link between him and the Ruski, whose ruling principle is contained in the word " Niet" (pronounced Kneeate), which serves him every whereforthe obstruction ofliberty, progress, travelling, civilisation, and comfort. Here it succeeded for a short time. We were told there was a " Holshoi Gortiunitza" further on, and we resumed our track through the mud pro found till the tarantasse arrived at a narrow lane —the first we had seen for some months—which absolutely refused to receive the work of the Mos cow Long-acre within its aperture. The driver per sisted for sonic time in his efforts to force a taran tasse some six feet wide into a space only five feet wide, but suddenly it seemed to strike him as a difficult thing to do so early in the morning, and he pulled his horses up short at the opposite side of the street. The result of a desperate consultation in German was that we should drive back to the inn we had left, for coacliee did not know where the big hotel (or the Helshoi Gortiunitza) was situated. and we could, see no one to ask. Indeed we just recollected that one piece of advice given to us by a Russian was never to ask any questions if we wanted to see anything or do anything, for we should be sure to be stopped or refused,but that if one acted in Russia as if he had the right on his side, every one would suppo se h e h a d, an d no man would presume to stop him. Through deep pools of mud and lifeless streets w• worked our way, and pulled up once more at the entrance to the hotel, from the first-floor windows of which there was a feeble gleam of lights. As we walked up the stone staircase, greasy and covered with mud, there was a feeble attempt to arrest us by some man who lived ix a hole at the basement, but we paid no at tention to him, and succeeded in groping our way into the eating saloon, from which the light pro ceeded, guided thereto by a clink of glasses, and a strong odour of tobacco. It was a long room, fur nished with a table in the centre, 2 or 3 small side tables, and two straight-backed stiff leather sofas. The table was covered with a cloth foul from the stains and exuvias of many meals ; the floor was strewed with papiros (cigarette) ends, and was so dirty that it was impossible to ascertain whether it was wood or stone. At the sides of the table were seated some half-dozen persons-a-two of them offi cers, eating their supper, smoking lustily, and at the end of the room a small family party were en gaged at tea, the prominent member of which, a baby in full cry, maintained its position with un flagging spirit—as we found out afterwards—till an early hour in the morning. The first care of the long-booted waiter was to tell us we could not sleep there ; his second was to signify that we could get nothing to eat. . However, with that courtesy whiich is, I am bound to say, unfailing among educated Russians, one of the officers came to our help, and, addressing us in French to ascer tain our wants, soon caused the Tchevelek to e at his words, and ourselves to get a supper, which was hot and welcome—even although it consisted of cabbage soup and tough pig. In the midst of it our courier came in to inform us that the taran tasse had various strains which would require caulking, and divers injuries demanding immediate repair. Soon after midnight the company was re nforced by the arrival of a party who had just arrived in post carts from Kharkoff, and who seemed jaded and dirty, and soen proved that they were hungry. One of teem, an elderly man, after a long scrutiny, addressed us in English, and began an interrogatory conversation in a style not un common in Russia and America—" Are you going South ?" " Yes." "To Kieff ?" "No." "To Kharkoff, then ?" " Yes." " Ah, and are you returning to Moscow ?" " No." " Ah, then, you are going to Odessa?" and so on till it was our turn to ask questions, and we found out that he i was an Englishman long settled in Ressia, ; So long, indeed, that he had forgot ten his country, but without acquiring any love for that which he had adopted, 'although he had a great notion of her power and of her future destiny. Still he had been so twitted ' by his Muscovite friends about the f a ilu re o f our assaults on the Redan that be was very anxious to know the cause of our want of success, for, said he, " though I know the Russian is brave, and will light till he is shot or bayonetted, I think an Englishman with fatr play, and, above all, with such good arms as he has, will always be mere than a match for him." Again, there was a little out burst of nationality when he asked " Why did you make peace so semi ? Another year, and Russia would have been driven to the last extremity, for she would have bad no clothing nor arms for her soldiers ; her trained men were being fast used up, and the pressure for men and beasts of burden was & ginning to be insupportable just as you mAde peace." Ile told us he had been twice in the Crimea during the war ; at one time just after the Lattle of Balaklava, and he was " shocked' when be saw English dragoon helmets hawked as trophies about the towns of Southern Russia, and heard the enemy's account of our charge. These dragoon helmets must have belonged to the heavy cavalry men who were dismounted by the fire of the Rus sian artillery early in the morning, and who threw them away as the cavalry retired out of range. He described the approaches to the Crimea as pre senting scenes beyond conception or description, and, judging from our subsequent experience, he had good reason for what he said. Our friend was apparently a cavalry contractor, or something of the sort, for he was very " horsey" in his talk, and described the condition of the poor quadrupeds iu moving terms. " The nobles and serfs were alike distressed and miserable ; the prices of food were rising every day, and as for the houses; it was really dreadful." The roads had become like the bottoms of half-drained canals, and the whole coun try was cut up for miles by the passage of carts and beasts of burden in search of firm ground, anti better tracks to and from the Crimea. According to him the Perekop route was the most frequented, as the country near Tchongar became so deep after a few months' traffic, or a few days of bad weather, that it was impossible to use it. Only eeuriera, Government messengers, and ,light carts traversed it till the country dried up, or was hardened by the frost or the sun. It was his opinion that there was a considerable difference made in 'he treatment of the French and English prisoners in favour of the former, and that it was in cerasequence of orders from head quarters, and done with a purpose, and this assertion was corroborated by rep its which 1 heard afterwards at Odessa. All this, and much more, was doled out to us in broken words, anal with many glances at his companions and at the rest of the people in the room, and tee poor roan would have been horribly fright sned had he known he was talking to your special correspondent, but he had no cause to fear, for I could give him a most satisfactory certificate of attachment to the Russian Government, although lie did not like their habits of procrastination in the matter of roubles or the smallness of their pay in public departments. I might have learnt much snore from him, but that the, honses of his vehicle were at the door, and he had to continue his journey to Moscow. The rest of the company retired to bed, with the exception of th e baby and its immediate farnily circle, and we were l eft to shake down on the rigid sofas with hard and slippery leather covers, which were much more severe than the floor, but the latter was impossible on account of the dirt, and so, with bones sore all over from humping in the tarantasse for two days over a rough causf way, we stretched ourselves on our coats, propped our heads on writing desks or boots, and were soon sound aeleep—ae sound indeed that; as we heard next day, three Russian officers, who arrived about tin the morning, complained to the waiter that they cuuki nut eat their breakfast, we snored so loud This may account for the fact that, as we 'rubbed our eyes, and looked out from our sofas on THE SUN,_ .LONDON, TITE'SDAY VVRtNING, JANU=ARY 6, 1857 the long table about seven o'clock next morning, we encountered the most hostile expression and looks , on the faces of those three unhappy gentlemen, - who surveyed us with great severity Of countenance , while we essayed to wash (all three) in a small r aug with a pint of water in the bottom of it. After some time they got tired of this, and took to smoking and spitting on 'the floor instead, all but a militiaofficer, who clime over and minutely inspec - ted our clothes, brushes, soap-dish, and tra velling bags. Of course the first thing after break fast that one would wish to see in visiting Tula was the GOVE aliment manufactory. There is, it appears, some controversy respecting the quality of the arms made at Fula. So far as my poor opinion goes, it is decidedly inferior to that of the arms of any other county with which lam acquainted. The ! heavy cavalt y sabres are the only decent specimen of Russian manufactures I ever saw, and they are principally imtdo in Siberia. If any one wishes to see what a Russian musket is like, he has only to visit any of our public exhibitions and to judge for himself. He - will find the stocks ill-made, old-, ! fashioned, the woodwork very badly executed, th, e locks indifferent, and as for the barrel, which may be the best part of the piece, he will find that it will bend very readily from a smart blow (that is, if the proprietors can allow - him to make the expe rimentum in corpore), and that, however good the iron may be, it possesses nothing of the durability of our hardened barrels, -which are yet soft enough for tire proper resistance of the charge. After the Alma our men destroyed thousands of stands of arms by taking up the Russian firelock by the muzzle and striking the stock against the ground. Generally the wood at'once broke, the lock flew our, and the barrel curved round as though it were lead. The stocks were found to be of a white wood varnished black, and to be very small at the shoul der plate, so that the recoil must be rather sharp at the shoulder. The Russian bayonets are better than the fire locks, though they are rather too soft, and will, bend with a good thrust against a hard substances. And yet they are proud of their supposed prow , Jss with the bayonet, and say--" We know our arms are not equal to yours, but we depend on our bayonets." It certainly was Suvaroff's favourite weapon (his name in Russia nis spelt "Cybapoba !"), and he taught his regiments to use it himself. Any of our officers who . were at Alma or Inkerman can recollect how easily the Russian firelocks were broken and how bad many of them were. Their rifles, made by J. P. Malherbe, of Liege, were ex cetlent, but the muskets, which bore the Tula mark, and hat been originally flint, but were changed to detonators, were far inferior to the French, English, Turkish, or German percussion musket. The Government has no doubt learnt this, and it is intended at once to reorganise the manufactories at Tula, and, as I heard, to place an American at the head of them. In that, at all events, the Russians will have imitated our example. Colonel Colt left Moscow a few days before we did to in spect the Tula works, with the view, I believe, of introducing his machinery for pistol-making, but 'I do not know with what result. However, a re volvor exactly on his principle was shown to us, the p. - ice of which was somewhat less than 41., and the manager of the magazine said that they had made several thousands of them during the war for the use of the army. LOZS OF THE P. kCKET-SHIP NEW r of this 'vessel has pub lislTlehde t C h a e P f t o a l i l i o l N ( v .-l in P g K a i c n c n :ri n lit of V.ae loss of his ship 7'lPraol on Thursday, Nov. the American coast : ifv. : 13 ," w W i t e h s aa stilt f o breezem yL weather th e ent i re passage. re ,m the n or th stast. We ex- Had thheaanv. 4WO or thre e good observations. On kt tho onnie . n 1 g, e e in were 9th w inst., in low ,. 72 20, lat. 39 20, d ea d B >s hai. ) ,ed by the b ar k E ag l e, o f s(Fporkaencteh)e,m9o, ar ,oir.ed where we w ere b oun d . W e re s he stthey said they w ere f rom N aaa i ie ays out, and were trying to make New York t , eing out of everything. I found we were miles to the eastward titid 20 miles to th e nort 20 h r ,eard of his reckoning. After passing the bark it oo.eurred to me that I had done wrong. I hove mizentopsail back, and asked him if I could be of any assistance. He answered that he wanted water ; he also stated that they had lost their boat. I told him I had boats, and I immediately got a boat ready and went with provisions to the bark. There was a high wind from the north-east at the time. On returnin e to my vessel I altered my reck oning so that it compared with that of the bark. My first mate asked me if I was not steering too high. I told him I thought not, and it proved that I was right afterwards. From this time until within 15 minutes of the time we struck we had been run ning not th-west by north. On Friday night, the 19th inst., we were sailing on in this course when I noticed several vessels' lights. The weather was thick and blowing hard. I thought we were about 130 miles from land. Soon afterwards we noticed a light, which proved to be the lighthouse at Berne gat. It came upon us all at once, and we thought it a vessel's light. The mate and myself thought t might be a pilotboat. We were without a pilot, and 1 let her luff two points, steering north west-by-north. I then sent a man aloft, and he stated that it looked like land ahead. I cried out, Hard on the wheel.' The ship came about and filled on the other tack. Then I found that I was right in the breakers. I told the mate not to say anything, but to keep quiet, and I thought she would go off. The mate then called all hands, and we braced the after yards, so as to fall off shore gradually. I steered the head yards as long as I could without making sternway, so as not to pay off too fast. I kept up my after sails and set the spanker. I thought then she would go off, but as soon as she filled away she fell broadside on. She struck very easy on her larboord side, but after wards we experienced some hard knocks. Her stern was then gradually driven shorewards to the posi tion in which she now lies. It was about 20 minutes before 12 o'clock on Friday night when she struck. As soon as it was known great excitement among the passengers took place. The mate, however, kept them quiet. I kept all the aftersall on the ship to see if the t'de would not make and let her haul off, but it was then about high water, and the attempt failed. We then clewed up the sails, but could not get the men to go aloft to furl them. The crew and passengers felt very much alarmed, and it was very difficult to keep them quiet. In this condition we remained until Saturday morn ing. The passengers behaved very well, but the crew were very noisy. They reftised to do anything. Saturday morning we cleared away the boat, and in endeavouring to get down the starboard quarter boat we stove her. We had five boats on board. I sent men to bale her out, but they could not keep her free. We then took the larboard quarter boat and coiled some line into her, in order to get aline to the beach. The second mate (Cline) got into her and attempted to get her ashore. We had a line fast to her from the deck, but the undertow was running very strong and prevented his landing. We then hauled him back again. He afterwards started again, and succeeded in getting ashore. He had in the boat 14 persons, five or six of whom were passengers. After he got on shore he found lie could not return, and then, with the assistance of the wreckers, who had come down at daybreak, he hauled the line ashore. Finding that the boat could not come off again, the first mate, Stowell, took the other larboard boat ashore, and succeeded in lauding with 16 of the passengers and crew. The first mate then made several attempts to return, but found it was impossible. By this time those remaining on the ship were very much alarmed. I next cleared away the starboard boat forward, and . took 18 in her and went ashore. These were all tk .t could be landed on Saturday. There were quite a number'of women in each of these boats. After the last boat landed it became very rough, and the hawser, which was run ashore, parted. I then told the wreckers on th e beach that if they would furnish me with men I would go off to the ship. They said it was impossible, and I was somewhat of their opinion. But I felt it would give some encouragement to the frightened passen gers. I would at that time have as lief die as live. I finally got a picked crew of my men and the wreckers, and started. I succeeded very well till I get to the outer breakers, and then I had to go back. By this time it began to grow dark, and we hauled the boats up for the night. When the se cond mate landed the wreckers told him that there was a life car four miles off, and a party went after it. The car came while I was on the beach. The undertow was so strong that we could do no more that night. We then went about four miles to the stationhouse and procured a lifeboat, and brought it down on a waggon so as to have it ready in the morning. We remained at the stationhouse all night. On Sunday morning the first mate tried to get off to the ship. On the first attehipt the boat capsized and he was very near breaking his leg. On the second attempt he succeeded. Then the wreckers and myself went off in the surfboat and succeeded in mooing a line to the ship. We then got the life car in readiness and commenced send ing the passengers ashore. We got all the passen gers and part of the baggage off ,that day. The day before I got provisions from the vessel for those ashore. On Saturday night, while on shore, the crew had planned a mutiny, which they endea voured to carry out on Sunday while we were lauding the passengers. Most of my crew were men I picked up in Liverpool, and rathet. hard cases.' They were altogether a lawless set during the whole voyage. On Sunday some of them at tempted to plunder the passengers, hut were pre vented. They then undertook to pick a quarrel with the steward about some liquor. They at last got to fighting, when the mate and myself inter fered. One of them, who goes by the name of Dub lin Jack,' then drew a knife on me, saying at the same time, D—you, I would cut your throat in a minute !' I stepped towards him, saying, Don't do that.' He then went to the side of m he boat and got two belaying pins, and threw them at me, but neither of them hit me. He then advanced on me with his knife. 1 had two little pocket pistols with me, and had had them loaded for some length of time. I drew one of these out, and took as good an aim at him, I must confess, as I ever did at a fowl. I snapped the same, but it did not explode. He then ran to the main deck, but the others began to gather around me. I then broke after Dublin J ck with my other pistol. I went a few steps and then turned back. As I was returning I met one of the crew with a saucepan in his hand, which he held as if he had something in it until he got up to me, when he exclaimed ' You d—d long-legged and hit me across the head with the same. He repeated the blow, which hit me just over the eye. The saucepan having broke on the first blow there were several,sharp points on it, which, on the , second blow, cut me very badly. The other part of the crew were close behind him, and all rushed upon me, beating me with belaying-pins, and stamping upon me. I fell across a spar, and I had the pre sence of mind to pull my coat over my head to shelter me from the blows. A fellow named Wil• son, who was formerly on the pilot boat Mary Taylor, struck me a very severe blow on the back of my head with a belaying pin, from which I fell down and felt confused, as if my head had been suddenly placed under the surf. The first mate, Stowell, seeing that they were determined to kill me, ran in, and throwing himself upon me to save me from their blows, exclaimed, You have killed the captain, now kill me.' He sheltered my head with his hands, but the crew, who had pistols, placed them at every point where they could get a crack at me, snapping them several times, but for tunately none of them went off. The mate then jumped up, drawing his knife, saying, at the same time, I will put this in the first man who strikes the captain.' At this most of the crow drew knives, exclaiming, Ha, !we have all got knives.' The mate then caught me up and dragged me down into the cabin. The men followed, exclaiming, Let him fall down the stairs,' also throwing belaying pins at me, several of which broke quite a number of the windows. Everybody exclaimed, Oh, the captain is dead.' T did not then think I should ever get over it. Ido not now think 1 shall. The mutineers then ran into the cabin armed with be laying pins; pistols, knives, and other dangerous weapons each, driving the passengers above, break ing open their chests and tru n k s with hammers and hatchets, and carrying off everything of value they could lay their hands upon. Some of the passen gers came and took care of me the best way they could. The mutineers then went after the mate to murder him, but one of them, known as Phila delphia Jim,' cried out, 'No, no ; you shall not touch the mate.' They then took one of the ship boats and went ashore with their plunder. Dur ing & Im l a y night they got fighting among them selves, and most of them turned on 'Philadelphia Jim' for interfering on behalf of the mate, and pounded him to such an extent that be died that night. There wits no one died of hunger, as stated in the papers. On Monday they all put off into the interior, atd have not teen seen since. The passengers, I understand, have all been sent tip in w' guns to Squan. I have not been ttt the ship since lay acoident. I feel bound to say that all the wreckers haVe IJehaved like gentlemen. Captains Brown and Faulkenburg, who were there with their Vessel, offered to render every aid in their power. Captain Brown offered to divide his provisions with the passengers, but they had quite a supply, which they took from the ship. There were 301. passengers. Among them were some 30 women and about 50 children, and about 10 or 15 infants. I think they were all comfortable when they left Squan."_ Mr. Newbrook, a cabin passenger, in his descrip tion of the wreck, says :-- "The captain and the first mate of the ship cer tainly dese.rve the praise of every one. Better seamen we never saw, and the men with nobler hearts we never came in contact with. The cap tain, in order to quell the fears of those on board, remarked that they `should all be saved if he had to carry them on his back to the shore.' He stood with a cocked pistol in his hands and threatened to shoot down the first man who dis )beyed his orders. One person did so several times ; the cap tain kept his word and shot at him three times. He was in a very low state when we left the beach, but hopes were entertained of his finally recover ing from his wounds. The result of the captain's action was that his orders were strictly obeyed, and, aided by his first mate, they_ saved the lives of upwards of 200 souls, whom They safely con• veyed to shore." _ Steps had been taken for the apprehension of the mutineers, one of whom is reported to have been frozen to death. TEE ATLANTIO TELEGRAPH. The stupendous project of connecting the Old World with the New by an electric cable laid upon the bed of the Atlantic Ocean begins to assume the appearance of success. The necessary amount of capital, 350,0001., has been subscribed in shares of 1,0001. each. Twenty per cent. of the subscription has already been paid in ; the English Government has guaranteed to the stock an annual interest of 4 per cent., and invitations have been issued to the manufacturers of telegraphic wires to submit esti mates for constructing the cable, according to a pattern, with security that it shall be completed and ready for shipment on the 31st of May, 1857. Two steamers, each having one-half of the cable on board, will meet on mid-ocean, and, joining the electric band, will move—the one toward the east ern and the other towards the western continent, running off the cable into the sea behind them, until they touch the opposite shores of Ireland and Newfoun&land. It is expected that this work will be finished by the Ist day of July next. The route of the cable will be between the parallels of 48 deg. and 52 deg. of North latitude, along a remarkable steppe, which has been discovered by soundings at the bottom of the sea, between Cape RaCe in New foundland and Cape Clear in Ireland, and which is already known as the telegraphic plateau. The great-circle distance between these two opposing shores is 1,640 miles, and the greatest depth of the sea along this route is, according to the recent soundings made by Lieut. Berryman in the United States' steamer Arctic, not more than 2,070 fathoms —about 12,420 feet. This depth is reached at a point nearly equidistant from either shore. The bottom of the ocean, along which the electric wire is to be stretched, is generally a fine calcareous earth, free from all abrading materials, and resting for ever in p er f ect repose, beyond the reach of those winds and angry currents that vex the waters 2,000 fathoms above. Now and then an iceberg, drifting along the surface of the sea, drops its melting masses down into these sunless depths ; and brave old ships, vanquished by the storm, sink and settle slowly into this fleecy bed, which gradually rounds over their forms, as the snow rounds over the perishing traveller. The elec tric cable, once buried in this silent sepulchre, will remain free from every disturbing influence, and the whole difficulty in stretching it across the At lantic Ocean will consist in getting it down to these far depths, not in retaining it safely there. It is impossible to comprehend the far-reaching results of this wonderful adventure. It is the marriage of the two hemispheres of the globe, but whether the marriage is to be for the better or for the worse who shall say ? The gulf of waters by which na ture has separated hostile continents is bridged by the electric chain of thought ; and people . of di verse languages and uncongenial habits are mad o immediate neighbours. But too much familiarity with our antipodes may beget a dangerous con tempt, and it is possible that we shall be led to entertain less friendly feelings for our far-fetched neighbours than we have now, while the ocean separates us from them. Still it will always be a pleasant thought that we are able' to annihilate distance, and make Time, who flies so fast, a dull laggard. That imaginary period which, in our jokes, we have styled " less than no time" will be come an actual fact. The looker-on in Venice may send a message over the Atlantic wire which will be read in New Orleans four hours before it leaves London on its way westward. The daily Times will tell its readers at th e i r b rea kf ast ta b les what is happeningg this very m orn i ng at P ar i s, Berlin, or St. Petersburg. We shall wait no longer with anxious expectation the arrival of the European mails. The steamers will bring no news, and the occupation of our foreign correspondents will be gone. The Adriatic and the Persia may then compete for the longest passage across the Atlan tic ; an d voyagers will loaf leisurely over the sea, having no concern but their own personal com fort. But from this pleasing picture we must turn to another—its opposite ; for there is one im portant element in the organisation of this Atlantic telegraph which is worth noting, as it tends to de stroy much of its prospective value to the United States. The company, though it was originated by our own citizen', will be exclusively under English control. 262 shares, representing 262,0001. of its capital, are owned in England, while only 88 shar e s, representing 88,0001., are owned in th e U n it e d States. The landings of the cable will be in Eng lish territory. The eastern end willlaudat Valentia, a harbour in the south-western extremity of Ireland, about 49 miles directly west of Cork, and the wes tern end will land at St. John's, in N ew f oun dl an d This fact may be of little consequence i n the 44 piping times of peace," but in times of war it becomes a matter of great moment. In the hands of Great Britain the electric cable would then be a powerful antagonist, with which it would be im possible for us to cope. It is, doubtless, on account of this advantage that the English Government has been induced to grant to the company an an nuity of 14,000/., and to place at its disposal such naval service as may be needed in sounding and laying down the cable. And it is for this very rea son that our own Government should hesitate about granting to the company a similar charity, which will be as k e d for byand by. Th e Atlantic telee6rapb, when completed, will be the wo n d er o f the age. But it can never be extensively available to the United States unless the western end of the cable shall be landed on our own shores.--. Neut York Times. THE VALUE 01 EARTHENWARE EXPORTS. —From Jan. to Nov. the value of earthenware exported was no leis than 1 ,234,3071. HARDWARE AND CUTLERY. —The value of hardware and cutlery sent abroad from the Ist Jan. to the 30th Nov. was 3.410,8001. IMPORTATION OF LAl:M.—There has been a great in• crease in the importation of lace, kc.— the ladies. wear rnor- than formerly, In 11 months the value of lace imported was 3,2131., against 2,7781. of the previous year. The importation of embroidery and needlework was nearly double. [ADvEraTismor r ].....Holloway's Pills should be taken for the Cure of Dropsy.—Females at a certain period of life become liable to this complaint, which first makes its appearance by the swelling of the feet, legs, and hands, and thus making strong inroads on the constitu tion ; numbers of dropsical patients, even when their cases were pronounced hopeless; have been cured by tak ing Holloway's pills ; and this medicine baying stood the test of years as a certain remedy for this malady, no one so afflicted should avoid giving it a trial.—Sold by all medicine vendors throughout the world ' • at Professor Holloway's E s t a bli s h ments, 244 , Strand, London, and at 80, Maiden-lane, New York ; by A. &alive, Con stantinople ; E. Guidicy, Smyrna ; and E. Muir, Malta. [it-DvsaussmsYr.]—The great injury inflicted ou many in valids by drugs increases the interest the public take in Du flatulency,si ß n a d r i r g y e ' s s ti ß o e n fa ( l d e y n s t pe aA p ra sia b ) i , ca Food, which cures without medicine pi n i e o rv n, o a us nd , bilious, and liver complaint debility. We qu o t e a few out of many thousand cases of ,eough, asthma,us cure:. by this deli c i ous food :—From the Dowager Countess of Castlestuart. Cure 52,612. Rosstrevor; County of Down, Ire °t e P o a n t ° n u' m land, December 9, Mt —The Dowager Countess of Castle stuart feels induced, in the interest of suffering humanity, to state that Du Barry's excellent Revalenta Arabica Food has cured her, after all medicines had failed, of indigestion, bile, groat nervousness and irritability of many years' standing. This food deserves the confidence of all sufferers, and may be eousidered a real blessing. Inquiries will bo cheerfully answered.—From the Venerable Archdeacon of Ross. No. 32,836.—Three years' excessive nervousness, with pains in my neck and 'eft arm, aud general debility, which rendered my life very miserable, has been radically removedbyDnßarry'shealth restet:ngfood.—ALEX. STUART, Archdeacon of Ross, Skibereen. Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of Chemistry Dr. Andrew Ure ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr, Harvey ; Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Cattiker ; Dr. Warzer ; Dr. Ingram ; Lord Stuart de Deeies ; the Dowager Countess of Castle stuart; Major-Glen. Thomas King, and many other respectable, persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other means of cure had failed- Suitably packed for all climates, with full instructions. In canisters, 1113., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 61; 51bs., 11s. ; 121F,5., 22 5 . ; super - re fi ne d , 11b ., 6s. ; 2115., 11s. ; fibs., 225.; Bibs., 335. The 101bs. and 121bs. carriage free, on receipt of peat-010e order. Barry dn Barry and Co-, 77, Regent-street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, and Co., Purveyors to her Majesty, Piccadilly ; also at 60, Gracechnrch-street ; 330 and 451, Strand; 4, Cheapside; 68, Cornhill ; 49, Bishops gia:e-etreet ; 55, Charing-cross; 54, Upper Baker-street ; 63 and /50, Oxford-street. THE LAT.E OA LIM Since Thursday evening the coast has been visited by a suceesFi.,n of gales, ranging from the SW to the NE. They grAdually incre reed in violence, and on Saturday night and Sunday thay caused serious damage. Already have a large number of losses been communicated by Lloyd's agents. Between Flamborough Head and the mouth of the Tyne between 30 and 40 wrecks are reported to have oc curred, in several instances the vessel going down with all hands. At Whitby throughout Saturday night and Sunday a heavy gale raged from the ENE. Five coast ing vessels were driver, ashore—the Abeona, Captain Ellis, of London ; the Mary Anne, of Teignrnouth ; the William Pitt, of Hartlepool; the brig Medora, of Whitby; and the schooner Port Glasgow. A. few miles to the southward of this port, in Robin Hood Bay, three vessels have been cast ashore, the whole of the crew of one of them having perished. Off Runs wick Bay, a little higher up to the northward, a schooner is reported to have foun dered. At the neghbouring port of Scarborough similar weather was experienced with melancholy results. Dur ing the gale of Sunday there were driven ashore the Thompson, from London, near the west pier ; crew, alter some difficulty, rescued by the lifeboat; the Northunab, r land ; the Happy Return, of Scarborough—crew saved ; the•Eurus, of Shields, crew preerved ; and the Wilsons, for London, from tie Tyne, which went on the Rains dale Scar rocks—the crew, with the exception of Stanley Mera, an apprentice, drowned, was taken off by the lifeboat. At Hartlepool and in its vicinity the gale was from the eastward, with falls of snow and hail. A tremendous sea broke upon the beach. On Sunday m orn i ng , b e tween 10 arid 11, a schooner, naene unknown, with part of her masts carried away, was observed to go down in the bay, some shirt distance from the shore, with all on board. A similar calamity is reported to have hap pened to two other schooners and a brig in the bay. Oa the Norfolk coast the gale has been very des`ruc tive to shipping. Among those carried on the beach at Yarmouth were the Happy Family, of Whitstable; the schooner Janet, of Yarmouth ; the Agenoria, of Hart lepool ; the Reg:e of Shields ; the Lark, of Seaham ; the Fairy, of Yarmouth ; the Thos. Gowland and the Cur lew, of Sunderland ; the Thomas and Elizabeth, of &a hem ; and several othsrs. Happily, the whole of the crews were enabled to save themselves. The accounts from the more western portion of the English Channel speak of very boisterous weather. The sciew steamer Dunaskin, Captain M'Farlane, of Troon, with a crew of 11 men, beside the master, bound to Bristol from Lisbon, was totally lost on the night of Thursday, near Penzance. On Sunday there was a violent storm on the Nor tburnberland coast ; arid there is every reason to fear that the sacrifice of life and property will be the most serious that has occurred in the North Sea this winter. It blew a fearful gale all night, with blinding showers of hail and snow. The wind was about east, and therefore direct on to the coast. In the morning, to the edge of the horiz in, as far as the eye could reach, the ocean appeared to be lashed into wreaths of white foam, and the sea in immense rollers came rushino on to the shore. About eight o'clock the Cullercoats fishermen observed a schooner about a mile to the eastward of that headland. She did not appear to have any one on board ;' it was supposed that they had all been washed off the deck by a sea that must have broken on board of her ; and in a few minutes after she was first noticed she appeared to have been engulfed in the tempest and disappeared. During the course of the forenoon a considerable quan tity of wreck drifted up on the Long Sands, and it was discovered that the ill-fated vessel's name was the Re form. Her port or owner's name could not be made out. "Reform" and " R.F.T." are also branded on the oars and chocks ef one of her boats. A bag of sailor's clothes has also drifted up ; the initials " S.S." are marked upon a white flannel shirt. The boat of the Alma, of Rye, has also drifted upon Cullercoats Sands, and as the other wreck has cast up, evidently forming no portion of the schooner, there is every reason to fear that other vessels and their crews have suffered in the same neighbour hood. About noon on Sunday a large brig was seen to the north of Tynetnouth Bar, and great fears are enter tained respecting her. She made for the bar, but before she reached it a f ear f u l sea overwhelmed her, and she disappeared. In a few minutes the three Shields life boats were fully manned with pilots, and pulled out to their rescue. She had by this time beat about a mile across the Herd Sand, and the pilots had a fearful pull amoag the broken water to reach her. While the boats were struggling along gallantly, surmounting the fearful dangers that lay before them, a French lugger ran on to the Herd. Sea after sea leapt over her, aed her sails were burst into rags. One of the South Shields boats, of which Jacob Harrison and J. Milburn, two well known Shields pilots, were coxswains, made to her assistance, as she appeared to be in great peril. She beat into corn paratively smooth water, however, and the master would not allow her crew to come ashore, knocking one man down who attempted it. Toe tide left the vessel, and the crew afterwards came on shore. The crew of the brig, with the exception of an appren tice named Wm. Cox, the son of an old Greenwich pen sioner, were rescued by the other South Shields life boat ; and, by a strange coincidence, the coxswain of the life-boat, Joseph Smith, happened to be the father-in-law of the master of the brig. Toe brig was the Sarah Ellen of Landon, Captain Revely. Before reaching the bar*a heavy sea bad broken aboard the vessel, and capsized her. Her master and crew, with the exception of the boy, who was carried away by the waves, and drowned, got on to her broadside. The mate was washed away, but managed to lay hold of a bowline, and saved himself. By the mainmast giving way the slip righted, and the poor fellows escaped. Shortly before four o'clock a large schooner was seen attempting to make the bar, but, not being able, she struck upen the Herd Sand, and the sea dr we her a great distance over the sand. Toe two lifeboats went out, and one of them succeeded, after several attempts, in rescuing the crew. The name of the vessel has not been ascertained. Considerable damage was done in Bristol and the neighbourhood by the gale, or whirlwind, which seems to have been general on Saturday. In the Albion chambers, the offices of which are principally occupied by the barristers and solicitors, and which are eituated in the centre of the city, a stack of chimneys recently erected on the north side, with a great portion of the roof, was blown off. The whole of the windows on the opposite side were broken in, and the fragments depo sited in the quadrangle below, rendered the chambers impassable till next day, when the place was cleared. The roof of the Athenaurn was almost completely stripped, and the zinc carried bodily by the force of the wind to a great distance. In John-street, near the above spot, a quantity of the copingstones and slates was torn off the houses, and although there were several passers at the time they fortunately escaped without injury. At Clifton the roof of a house in Gloucester-row was taken completely off, the wall surrounding the Vlctoria Baths was blown into the baths, and the lead on many houses was taken by the wind, rolled up in into scrolls, and thrown into the road below. In Brunswick-square several trees were rooted up, and at Knowle an itsn• mense tree standing on the grounds of Mr. W. B. Gad bury we; blown down, destroying a wall, and obstruct ing the paesage of the highroad. This happened within a second or two of the omnibus from Wed! to Bristol having passed. At Stapleton, the seat of Mr. W. PoVan, two stacks of chimneys were destroyed, and several trees tore up, and carried for some distance by the hurricane. THE SLAVn TROUBLES IN THE UNITED STATS. Tile New York papers publish the following de spatches Louisville, Saturday, Dec. 20. The Russellville Herald of Wednesday last says that the negro insurrection excitement exists in the neigh• bourhood of Volney and Gordonsville. A number of negroes had been arrested. A negro at one of the iron works in Tennessee said he knew all about the plot, but would die before he would tall. Ho thereupon received seven hundred and fifty lashes, from which he died. At Cadiz, Ti ig,g county, Kentucky, yesterday, a free negro was hung, atter being tried by a vigilance corn. mittee. There are a number more in gaol, some of whom will be hung. Judge Cook has celled a meeting of 'the court for Christmas-day. Excitement runs very high. Louisville, Monday, Dec. 22. Mr. Joyce's house at Briar-creek, Kentucky, was burned on Thursday night last, together with four of the inmates. Mr. Joyce was absent at the time. Three slaves were arrested on suspicion of being implicated in the matter, and confessed to murdering the family, and then firing the house. It was thought summary ven geance would be taken on the negr ,es. BANK ILETURNS. tin Account, pursuant to. the. Act seventh and eighth Victoria, cap. 32, of the Average Amount of Bank Notes of the several Banks of Issue in England and Wales, in Cirrolation during the Week ending Satur day, the 27tbiday of Thiceinber, 18.56: PRIVATE BANKS. Andover Bank, Andover—Heath and Co. Ashford Bank, Ashford—Jemmitt and Pomfret Aylsham Bank, Aylsham—G. and T. Copeman Aylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury—Z. D. Hunt Baldock Bank and Baldock and Biggleswade Bank, Baldock—Wells, Hogge, and Co Barnstaple Bank, Barnstaple—Marshall and Co Basingstoke and Odiham Bank, Basingstoke — Seymour, Lamb, and Co. Bedford Bank, Bedford—T. Barnard and Sons Bewdle' Bank, Bewdley Nichols, Baker, and Co Bicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford Bank, Bicester—H. M. and G. Tubb Birmingham Bank, Birmingham --Attwoods, Spooner, and Co Birmingham and Warwickshire Bank, Bir mingham—J. L. Moilliet and Sons Blandford Bank, Blandford—Oak and Co. Boston Bank, Boston—Garfit and Co Boston Bank. Boston—H. and T. Gee and Co Bridgwater Bank, Bridgwater—J. and J. L Sealey Bristol Bank, Bristol—Miles, Miles, and Co Broscley and Thidgnorth and Bridgnorth and Broseley Bank, Broseley—Pritchards, Boy cott, and Co. Buckingham Bank, Buckingham—Bartlett, Par rott, and Co. Bury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, and Stowmarket. Bank, Bury St. Edmunds — Oakes, Bevan, and Co. _ Average Amount. 10,960 10,233 31,567 31,393 9,062 Banbury Bank; Banbury Galet, Tawney, and Co. Banbury Cld Bank, Banbury—ebbb and Son Bath City Bank, Bath - -G. Moger and Son Bedfordshire Leighton Buzzard Bank, Leighton Buzzard—Bassett, Grant, and Co Birmingham Bank, Birmingham—Taylor and Lloyds Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorkshire—lL A. and W M. Harris and Co. Brecon Old Dank, Brecon—Wilkins and Co Brighton Union Bank, Brighton—Hall, West, and Dorrer Burlington a,nd Driffield Bank, Burlington — Harding, Smith, and Co Bury St. Edmunds Bank, Bury St. Edmunds-- J. Cambridge Bank, Cambridge—Mortlock & Co. Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank, Cam bridge—Messrs. Fosters Canterbury Bank, Canterbury—Hammond and Co Carmarthen Bank, Carmarthen—David Morris and Sons Chertsey Bank, !Chertsey— La Coste and Son Colchester Bank, Colchester—Round & Green Colchester and Essex Bank, and Witham and Essex Bank, and Hadleigh, Suffolk, Bank, Colchester—Mills, Dawiree, and Co Cornish Bank, Truro—Tweedy and Co Coventry Bank, Coventry—Little & Woodcock City Bank, Exeter-Milford and Co Craven Bank, Settle—Alcocks, Birkbeck i s, and Co Cardiff Bank, Cardiff—Towgood and Co Chepstow Old 'Bank, Chepstow Bank, Mon mouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, Brecon Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Chepstow—Promage, Snead, and Co Derby Busk, Derby—W. and S. Evans & Co Derby Bank, Derby—Samuel Smith and Co Derby Old Bank and Scarsdale and High Peak Bank, Derby—Crompton, Newton, and Co Devizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes—Locke and Co Diss Bank, Diss—Oakes, Fincharo, and Co Doncaster Bank and Retford Bank, Doncaster —Cooke and Co Darlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton on-Tees Bank, Darlington—Backhouse & Co levonport Bank. Devonport— Hodge and Co Dorchester Old Bank and Dorsetshire Bank, Dorchester—R. and H. Williams Fast Cornwall Bank, Liskeard—Robins, Fos ter, and Co East Riding Bank, Beverley—Bower and C 0... Essex Bank and Bishop's Stortford Bank Chelmsford—Sparrow, Round, and Co Exeter Bank, Exeter—Sanders and Co Fakenham Bank, Fakenham—Gurneys, Birk beck, and Co Farringdon Bank and Bank of Wantage, Far ringdon—Barnes, Medley, and Co Farnham Bank, Farnham— Messrs Knight Faversham Bank, Faversham—Hilton and Co Godalming Bank, Godalming—Mellersh and Keen •• Guildford Bank, Guildford—Messrs. Haydon.. Grantham Bank, Grantham—Hardy and C 0... Hastings Old Bank, Hastings—Smith, Hilder, and Co. Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford— Matthews and Co. Hull Bank and Kingston-upon-Hull Bank, Hull, Smith, Brothers, and Co. Huntingdon Town and County Bank, Hunting don—Rust and Veaseys Harwich Bank, Harwich—Cox, Cobbold, and Co. Hertfordshire, Hitchin Bank, Hitchin Sharpies, and Co. Hereford, Ross and Archenaeld Bank, and Ross and Archenfield Bank. Hereford— . Morgan and Co , Ipswich Bank, Ipswich—Bacon and Co. Ipswich and Needham Market Bank, Suffolk, Hadleigh Bank, Manningtree and Mistley Bank, and Woodbridge Banlk, Ipswich— Alexander; and Co. Kentish Bank, Maidstedie—Mercer, Randall, and Co. Kington .and Radnorshire Bank, Kington— Davies and Co. Knighton Bank, Knighton—Davies and Co Knaresborough Old Bank and Ripon Old Bank, Knaresborough—Harrison and Co Kendal Bank, Kendal—Wakefield, Crewdson and Co. Kettering Bank, Kettering—J. C. Gotch and Sons Lane End Staffordshire Bank, Lane End—C Harvey and Son Leeds Bank, Leeds--• Beckett and Co. Leeds Union Bank, Leed4—W. Williams, Brown and Co. Leicester Bank, Leicester—Pages and Kirby, Lewes Old Bank, Lewes—Molineux and Co Lichfield Bank, Lichfield—Palmer and Greene Lincoln Bank, Lincoln—Smith, Ellison, and Co. Lla,ndovery Bank, Lampeter Bank, and Llan dilo Bank, Llandovery—D. Jones and Co Loughborough Bank, Loughborough—Middle ton and Cradock Lymington Bank, Lymington—St. Barbe and 19,830 31,983 10,169 13,944 22,979 9,315 6,320 71,015 14,792 7,410 81,778 17,3 23,464 69,089 36,011 29,757 33,242 27,531 11,16 61,22 19,080 11,385 47,81 30,300 21,513 2,330 16,955 33,618 45,180 6,933 19,301 69,267 9,111 10,495 35,684 25,369 70,71 80,680 3,290 45,745 94,369 47,952 42,641 23,515 7,835 11,182 5,629 4,551 28,718 32,709 15,744 20,028 52,459 5,143 81,116 8,600 5,335 52,490 37,511 30,012 26,146 89,568 23,683 7,199 3,206 Co. Lynn Regis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn Regis—Gurneys and Co. Lynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Regis— Jarvis and Co Macclesfield Bank, Macclesfield—Brocklehurst and Co. Manning - tree Bank, Manningtree--Nunn and Co. Marlborough Bank,. Marlborough and Wilts Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl borough Old Bank and Hungerford Bank, and Hungerford Bank, Marlborough—Tan ner and Co Merionethshire Bank, Dolgelly—Williams and Son Miners' Bank, Truro—Willyams and Co Monmouthshire Agricultural and Commercial Bank, Abergmenny—Bailey and Co Monmouth Cid Bank, Monmouth Bank, Bre con Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Monmouth—Bromage, Snead, and Co 15,459 Newark Bank, Newark —Godfrey and Riddell 26,552 Newark and Sleaford Bank, and Sleaford and Newark Bank, Sleaford—Handley, Peacock, andCo . . .............................................. 59,857 Newbury Bank, Newbury—Bunny & Slocock 20,280 Newmarket Bank, Newmarket—Eaton, Ham. mond, mid Co ...... Norwich Crown Bank and Norfolk and Suffolk Bank, Norwich—Efarveys and Hudsons... Norwich and Norfolk B h a a n m k, sh N ire ori3vriaonhk7Namotr.. g a b n a d n, B a tl23 N ec o k aing No n t e ti n s tingham. Hart, Fellows, and C 0........... Nuneaton Bank, iclunea,ton—Cra,dclock and Co. Naval Bank, Plymouth, Plymouth—H arr i s and Co. ................................. New Sarum Bank, Sarum—Everett and Nottingham Dank, Nottingham—Samuel Smith and Co. Oswestry Bank and Oswestry Old Bank, Os westry—Croxon and Co Oxford Old Bank, Oxford—Robinson, Parsons, and Co. .... Old Bank, Tonbridge, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells Old Bank, Tonbridge and Ton bridge W e ll s and S evenoa ks Bank, Ton bridge—T. A . and S. B eec hing Oxfordshire Wit ney B an k, Witney—J. W. Clinch and Co. ............. Pease's Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old Bank and Beverly Bank, Hull—Pease and Co__ Penzance Bank, Penzance —Batten and Co. Peterborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter borough—D. Yorke and Co. Pembrokeshire Bank , Haverfordwest—J. a nd W. Walters ........................................ 12,763 Reading Bank, Reading—Simonds and Co Reai.ng—Stephens, Blandy, 29,010 Reading Bank , anciCo. ............................................ 28,529 Richmond Bank, Richmond—Roper and Co. 6,230 Rochdale Bank, Rochdale—Clement, Royds, 37,640 13,535 13,903 2,237 7,638 17,647 28,380 19,85 50,096 95,427 10,791 8,307 17,860 8,414 30,765 12,552 30,230 8,767 10,81 47,075 10,650 8,917 3,751 a nd Co. ............................................... Rochester, Chatham, and Strood B an k, Roches ter—Day and Nicholson.. 7,242 Royston Bank, Royston—Fordham and Sons 13,414 Rugby Bank, Rugby—A. Butlin and Son 7,780 Rye Bank, Rye—R. C. Pomfret, &Co .. 13,740 Ross Old Bank, Hel cdfordshire, Ross Allaway and Mactiougal Saffron Walden and North Essex Bank, Saf fron Walden—Gibons and Co 4,050 r;'-'•;.311. 5 g g M 0 p:1 ill cr. —— Colchester 26 0( 290, 50 20 .300 Harwich 9 O( 30 501 760 Leigh ffahlou 1899,396 100 20 1 131 ,200 `, 778 KIRKCALDY-JAN. To-day we bad large supplies of wheat and oats, but small of barley. The demand good, and sales readily made at fully last week's rates. Wheat. I Barley. I Oats. I First CO3 Od I 41s 03 27s Od Second Third 3OB Od I 303 01 1 21s ud Oatmeal, to —s per bag of 2801 b. .-JAN. 5. Beans. Os Od. Us Od. Os the clone of the me.r, Witlloond, &c. graddyll 1 lieverson Eletton a 0 19 3 Eden Main lB 0 Lambton 18 9- Russell's Hetton 18 0 South Hetton 19 0 Stewart's 19 3 Tees 19 3 Thomas's Merthyr 22 0 South Hartlepool lB' 0 Dorwentwater Hartley .15 6 I Sold. 6O THE LATE DR. ÜBE. Dr. Andrew Ure was borne in Glasgow on the 18th of May, 1778. He studied at the University of Glasgow, and subsequently at that of Edinburgh. In the year 1806 he Was appointed, on the resignation of Dr. Birkbeck, Ander sonimi Professor of Chemistry , and Natural Philosophy. He was at this time engaged in the establishm en t o f th e Glasgow Ob serva t or y, where he resided for some time. and was honoured with a visit from the celebrated Sir W. Herschel. He was eloquent as a lecturer, and most suc cessful in his class exp e ri men t s . I n thi, year 1818 he brought forward his "New Experimental Researches on some of the leading doctrines of Caloric, partioularlymn the'relation between the elasticity, temperature, and latent heat of different vapours, and on thermometric admeasure went and capacity," which was read before the Royal Society, and published in their " Transactions" for that year. Mr. Ivory, Mr. Daniell, and other philosophers have adopted the conclusions offered in this paper as the bases of their meteorological theories. In 1821 appeared the first edition of his well-known " Dictionary of Chemistry," which procured him the friendship of Sir H. Davy, Dr. Wol laston, and Dr. E. D. Clarke. In 1822, appeared his paper "On the Ultimate Analysis of Vegetable Sabstances" in the "Philosophical Transactions." In the year 1829 his " Sy s . tem of Geology" was published. In 1835 his Philosophy of Manufactures" followed, and in the following year his work on the " Cotton Manufactures of Great Britain," in two volumes. It was the remark of an eminent machine. maker and engineer that from . the minut e accuracy of the descriptions and engravings in this work the actual machines might b 3 manufactured without difficulty. Hi s next great work was the "Dictionary of Arts, Manufac tures, an d Mines, "—a work of im mense l a b our and re search, the last edition of which appeared in the year ' 1852. This work has been ti , :nsiated into the leading con tinental languages. Distinguishd as a sound chemical philosopher, he was no less remarkable for accuracy in che mical analysis. It has been asserted, indeed, by competent authority, that none of his result] have ever been u pset. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1822. He w as one of the original Fellows cf the Geological Society. He bad also belonged to the Astronomic,' Society, and was a member of several scientific and continental societies. He resided in Lend= since the year 1830. THE NEW BBITISII MINISTER AT TVA SY _LNG TUN. (Prom the Times.) Lord Napier has been appointed British Minister at Washington. The direct diplomatic communications which had been interrupted in so untoward a man ner are thus to be resumed again, and again ,we are to have a British Minister to the United States. The result of our former experiments has not been very encouraging. The great subjects of difference which have arisen between this country and the North Ame rican Confederation, from the Boundary Question to the more recent entanglements concerning Central America, have been settled either at home or by special mission. Our regular negotiators would seem rather to have em broiled us—rather to have given occasion for offence— than to have smoothed the passage from irritated feel ings to the kindlier emotions of friendship and goodwill. Why should this be ? Why, when we are so closely united by every bond of interest that the prosperity of the cotton districts in the States means the prosperity f the manufacturing districts of England,--that a plentiful crop in the Western States of the Union means plenty at a cheap rate thr,iughout the British islands,—that the commercial transactions of the Northern States are so inextricably bound up with those of our own mer chaats that they may almost be considered as identical, although carried out by different hands ? Why, we say, when these things are considered, should it be a difficult task to keep the peace between the States of the North American Union and the British Crown? The Londoner who lands at New York cannot convince himself that he is among "foreigners," nor could we readily believe that the traveller from New York would walk the streets of London with no other feelings than those which would affect him in the Linden-street of Berlin or the Boulevards of Paris. It can only be by the grossest blunders of our respective Governments if we are ever dragged into an unwilling. coeflict with each other. The British Minister at Washington should have the easiest task of any member of the diplomatic body, save the United States' Minister in London. How is it, then, that more than once a directly opposite result has followed from that which might have been anticipated under the cir cumstances ? The answer, we fear, is, that'the choice of the British representative in the States has too often been unfortu nate. The mission to Washington should be regarded as a most important one, a post which requires the presence of a very considerable man, or it should he altogether suppressed. We have hitherto dealt with it, practically, as one of the second order, or as even lower in the scale of diplomatic dignitie3. But surely permanent friendship and alliance between Great Britain and the United States of North America are, to say the least, as important as similar relations between this country and any continental power. The existence of that great Confederation of Republican States which is spreading so rapidly over the North American Continent adds, enormously to the authority with which England can intervene in favour of liberty in Europe. Although the States should never man a ship of war or fire a gun in anger, there they are, an enor mous counterpoise to the despotism which sullenly lords it over the eastern and southern portions of the Old World. iN'o Englishman who respects humanity and efories in the achievements of his race can ever be in different to the progress and development of liberty in the North American Union. The peculiar constitution of these countries, however, would seem to point to the necessity of a peculiar principle of selection when we despatch to them a Minister who is to be the repre seniative of England. We would rather see him selected from among the men who have risen to Parliameutaiy eminence—who have won a high place in the estimation ef their fellow-countrymen, and who have habitually breathed the free air of the British islands. We would know him versed in the doctrines of economic science, and wet; acquainted with the laws of commerce. (if what great avail to the English Minister at Washington can be the hatiit4 acquired and the faculties cultivated by familiar intercourse with despetic Courts ? What can an English Envoy hove learnt at Vienna or St. Petersburg that he would not be compelled to unlearn before he mould serve his country with effect at Wash ington ? There i- little need there of the insincere smile and the reverential whisper. Diplomacy in the States is diplomacy in a glass house.- The value of secret information in that quarter would not be worth the Paper on which it should he i nscr ib e d. Th e pu bli c journals inform us of all we care to know, and of more that is perfectly useless, save to gratify curiosity. On the other band, with regard to any imp.irtant negotia tions, communications are now so frequent and so rapid between the States and the old country that they would necessarily be carried on in obedience to instruc tions received from home. What we really require at Washingt m is the presence of a public man of sufficient weight to influence the opinions of public men by _daily intercourse with them—'4 one who has fhe ability to stand forth as the exponent of English views, and to hold his own among the most distinguished statesmen of -the American Union. Nor should we lay much stress on the time-honoured objection that a public man in this country is of necessity a party man, and that a party man could not be trusted in a diplomatic po-t. Party men make excellent Chancellors and Judges ; why not Ambassadors and Envoys ? This is the only ground o n w hi c h we see any reason gait the appointment of Le n t N ap i er as British against the appointment of Lrd Napier as British Minister at Waihiegten : By his previous career he would appear to be admirably fitted for any diplomatic appointment in the gift of the Crown, save only the mis-ion to Washington. He has been well taught. He has practised the craft of diplomacy in Vienna, Teheran, St. Petersburg, an d aga i n at Ueietantinople, Naples, Cans'ar.tinoph,.. He is therefore well adapted to repre sent his c unary in the Ea't, or at any of tl%- die,potiC and military CPitirt3 of continental Europe. Toe very ass dusty, However, with which he has 1-iboured in his v. cation at mieh p Sete proVes that he hag never had time wiin an insight into the working of free institutions. He . basnow to co mp l ete hi s e d uca ti on a t Washingto n . A uetter choice might have been made, but certainly many a worse one, as diplomatists go. It is not our wish to cavil at the man, for he enjoys a very high re , potation for capacity ; but we abject to the system. The choice (f cur Minister at Washington should be an ex(!eptinnal one, as the case is exceptional. A straight- fir ward puhlic man, accustomed to popular forms, with an English tongue in his head —h e needs no other — would he the best representative we could send across the Atlantic. Let us hope that a wiser system may in time be adopted with regard to these diplomatic posts, an d, men,o7ohile, wish L , yrd Napier j,)y of his appoint ment. It be forgets well nigh all he has ever learnt, and takes warning by the example of his predecessors, he may do hiA c iuntry good service, even at Washing ton. CRYSTAL PALACE.—One Shillidg Day.—Monday, Jan. s.—Adinissions on payment, 923 ; do. by season ticketi. 189- total visitors, 1,112. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, GRAT'S-INN-ROAD,—The nnrutier of pa'iyrit. relievrd at this hospital , :uring the week ending Jan. 3, was 2,6 1 34, of which 821 were new cases. Country Marketi. CHELMSFORD-TAN. 2. Floats, of which the supply was limited, were fLrni a last week's prices; best barleys fully is per qr. dearer. Ali else without alteration in value, With a slow trade therein. Wheat, white, old, per s. gr. 37 8. s. s. 74 j Oats, per qr. 24 30 73 Peas, Partridge 41 43 64 Whi4.... ....... 39 46, 14 Boiling 4O 47 Dun 37 ra Beans, Tick .36 0 Barrow ticks 4 0 48 Mazagan 35 Z 7 rod, new 40 old 35 uew 35 Barley 31 Chevalier 36 Grinding 31 Malt Chevalier 74 '2 76 Ditto; new... 35 COLCHESTER- JAN. 3. The supply of wheat to-day was moderate ; the moist weather the latter palt of the week ha s affected the condi tion, and such was a slow sale, whilst good samples were taken freely at last week's prices. Barley again Is dearer, making 3s per qr. on the average of the past fortnight. Beans and hog peas maintain last week's rates. White peas 2s cheaper. Prices to-daywere as follow :—Wheat, white, 62s to 745; red, 58s to 665; barley, 44s to 52s ; eats, 23s to 28s ; beans, Mazagan, 36s to 33s ; middle and small, 38s to 42s ; peas, white, 40s to 46s ; grey, 40s to 445. Official Statement of the Quantities of Corn, &C., received in the port of London, from the following ports, from Dec. 25 to Jan. 3, both inclusive. COAL MAR i. ) :l:eti of 00t1 per ton At 8. d. Bebside's Hartley . , 15 6 Davison's West Hartley 16 0 Htl'pool West Hartley 15 6 Hastings' Hartley l5 6 ugridge's Wst Hartley 15 6 Bates's West Hartley 15 6 Howard's West Hartley _ _ Netherton 15 9 ranfield Moor l4 9 Ta,nfleld Moor Butes 14 9 Walker Primrose ... ..... l4 0 Wallsend, &e. Riddell l7 C Ships at market... 7; LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, JAN. 5. 4TOOK EXOHANGE.—The market is steady, at a slight improvement on the prices of Saturday. Blackburn, Eastern Counties, 9/. 6s. 3d—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 97i London and North Western, 107 6k—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 341 z Midland, 83i —St. He len's, 56—South Eastern, 22 4—Blackburn 6 per cent. 70i—Dutch Rhenish, p. 13s. 9d.—Great Western of Ca• nada, 25 si,—Ditto new shares, p. 211-. BIRMINGHAM, Jew. 5. STOOK EXORANGE.—There was a quiet market at rather higher rates. Blackburn; st 13-16 11-18—Great Western of Canada, 254—Ditto new, 3 p—Sheffields, 344—Midland,' 834—East Lancashire, 23i—Dover, 22§ if—Cheshire June-, tion, 204—Leeds, 971. MANCHESTER, JAN. 5. STOOK EXCHANGE.—There was a firm market, with, however, a scarcity of business. Bank shares were more in demand, but there were not many sellers. The follow ing were among the railway closing quotations ;—London and North-Westerns, 1064 74—Midland Derby, 54 Great Western Stour Valley (guaranteed), 63 64—Bir mingham (preference), 104 i—Birmingham Canal Shares, 92i. SEABORNE MAILS. [When the date for making up a mail falls on a Sunday, the =ail remains open until the day following ; except in the case of the India mail, via Southampton, which, on such occasions, is made up the eveuin; previous.] Post Office Lisbon.. • • Spain Gibraltar Gibraltar 1 alta •• • • Egypt .. • • Ceylon India Mauritius I tviaCeylon)J China Penang .. •• M Singapore A ustraila(vla} 3 , / the Cape)...) Cape of Good Hope •• :Mauritius E Ceylon India Made up at the 7th,l7th, &I 7th of the month. 4th & 20th of the month. 4th of the , mo.ith. Lisbon.. •... Madeira .... CapedeVezds Brazil IluenosAyres I Falkland Is lands J West Indies E(except Ha vana and Honduras). Venezuela Grey Town.. New Granada Chili Peru Cali:ornia Honduras . Nassau Mexico . Havana . Madeira Teneriffe E W.C.ofAfrica British North America United Stags United States Britt.h North America .. United States British North 7 31 America .. Canada •• E Van. 12 .. 1 i Feb. 5.... ran. 9.... 111 and 17th of the month. Van. 17 IFeb. 2... IJan. 23 .. 'Every Fri. South ampton By whal Vessel. Jan. 6 and alternate Tuesdays. Alham. bra IJan. 14 When expected 'Jot. 27 ..1 South. amptol IJan. 14 South ampton South ampton By what I • Vessel. Dart mouth South ampton Madrid Pera 4th and 20th of RlppU I Co'um. bian South ampton Tamar Orinoco South ampton Orinocc South ampton Ply mouth Liver pool Liver pool South ampton Gambia Persia $ Atlantic] the month, Arage.. Liver pool Anglo- Saxon rJan. 4. ITan.— Jan. 25 Jan. 12 let and 16th of the month. 16th of the month. Jan. 1 Jan. 6 /I—Morning. E—Evening. Ripon Niontnie rend), Jan. 15 Jan. 7 England a Tyze I La Plata; I La rat* Atrato ICandace Baltic Anglo :•as011 IMPORTATION or GLOVES.—As many as 3,665,73 3 pairs of gloves were imported into this country from Jae* to Nov. last. The Oude Railway Company has issued some expla natory statements with reference to a company w hich has advertised itself at the Oude Central Railway, in ii manner to lead the public to infer that it is an original pr< ject, of which the Oude Company has unfairly con trived to get the start. It appears that, while the Oude Company made application to the India-house as early afg May last, and obtained registration on the 4th of July ,last, the Oude Central merely followed it in both in stances. The Oude Company also point out that the assumption by its imitator of the title of the Oude Cen tral is a contravention of the important clause of the Joint-Stock Companies Act which prohibits any company from registering " ueder a name identical with that by which a subsisting company is already registered, or so , i nearly resembling the same as to be calculated to de ceive."—Tintes BIRTHS. 01 A SOL On the 4th inst., at Brompton Hall, Brompton, the wife of Joseph Joel, Esq. On the 4th inst., at Manor-place, Paddington -green, the wife of W. Naylor, Esq. Or A DAUGHTER. On the 2d inst., at West-park, Mortlake, Mrs. John Doulton. On , the 4th inst., at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich-common, the wife of Augustus Blaquiere Tal bot, Esq. MARRIED. On the 3d inst., at St. Dunstan's, Stepney, Thou. Poole Collier, Esq., F . R.C . S ., of Worship-street, Finsbury, to Sarah Ann, eldest daughter of Lawrence Beeten Harris, Esq., of Mile -end-green. On the 3d inst., at Trinity Church, Waltharn-eross, J. Crawter, E sq ., of Turner's-hill, Cheallunt, to Jane Mary, the eldest daughter of John Sharpe, Esq., of Waltham cross. DIED. On the 5t13 inst., at Montagu-square, Lieutenant-Colonel Close, late of the 4th Madras Native Cavalry, aged 71. On the 4th inst., at Freston Lodge, near Ipswich, Edw. Beaumont Venn, Esq., Deputy-Lieut, for the county of Suffolk, aged 76. On the 4th inst., at So uthampton -buildings, Chancery lane, Mr. John Phillips, aged 63. On the 3d inst., at Diss Rectory, N or f o lk, th e R ev ."W Manning, 46 years rector of Di ss, aged 86. On the 3d inst., at 9, Westbourne-park-crescent, Har row-road, John Dobson, Esq., aged 76. On the 3d inst., at 47, Munster-street, Regent's-park, Mr. John Witney, sen., aged 78. On the 3d inst., Mr. Samuel Solomon, of 63, Poland street, Oxford-street, aged 60. On the 2d inst., Mr. R: R. Williams, of 28, Basinghaß street, aged 64. On the Ist inst., at Castle Archdall, co. Fe rmanag h, Colonel Archdall, brother of the late General Archdall, and uncle of Mervyn Archdall, Esq., M.P., county Fermanagh, aged 89. LONDON : Printed and Publighed by MURDO YOUNG , of No. 112, Strand, Prieto; at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Say( y, in the cone W of Atiddlesex, Tuosiah January 6, 107. W hence des- patched. FROM 2 853 16,046 8,899 10,285 20,042 20,896 62,536 13;545 25,191 20,693 40,365