The Sun. — London, England, 1840-07-27 00:00:00

eful idly heir I 15 rorn 2Ve- do not these expe n our .gisia nue to whose rate of crably but to uptcy• try of cz and Lembo of Dr. rial on seyen ) liber tion to d m ade Ls place mule 'ilia de L,ignant be Bri ildanho itted to m Loll' Thes. Gibral . cn with Cadiz alts. 7a i and id. per LITERATURE. I by VI fit into ty of It 18. . _ ed in so Twit hss h c lubs , the c ity , one 1 0° i ns ult ‘e rchief; ill, • .ed try an pu t tw' adatdated„ ar e n o t RS giVell Bth e Royal :r havins rely g a / a , iricr sl g be in re a c„iitea• a ble t: in Or' . ie public' L ivagef bu t it° ke An gc tt'c a inforti agaio— from the aid, as 6th inst" illiant se' bat OP n iirail lis ' :it- of tile ur righ t ; ssaries 00 asires Ins sing 'aro Russ , Fran laduvisho jec 5. N ever with P r() ; ‘vhoeve, ly m alcc o : her ro no cl. 4 3:80b, C of Vie. &- ire! , ), I i cs that 0 red V s' of co- o n do , tbesc o rdeau P Queco as " 7 b° hat t A jer, On" Ic a riCe a effeet- Ire orcesie' busi l Y .1 o' croP • ieldiog• eto' .te dgiC re us ed ,hrisu% ks, EVENING EDITION. HORACE WALPOLE'S LETTERS. 1 7 7)L. IV. Botilrt,, London, 1840, It is a t ru i sm to say o f Horace Walpole's Letters, that t',icy arc among the most delightful reading we Pcssr for every one his Mt their charm, and is glad '0 own it ; but we may go further, and add that, taken as a body, the) are :lie most perfect specimens of epis tolary compositin in the language. Something to suit ---=rd not merely to suit, but to delight—every palate, S ay be found in them. Gray writes too much like a 'recluse schol a r ; C o wper—though we cannot too highly irlse the unaffected grace of his style—is limited in she range of his subjects, and frequently touches on theme s in which we can now feel scarcely any interest, "cent as they serve to show the kindliness and Do.riy ‘ o f his nature ; Burns is full of affectation, and eon . - It antly deg enera ti ng into mere fustian in his endeavours ''o"). - fine things ; Byron, brAtant as are many of hi s `epistles, i s t oo muc h t a k e n up with himself, and too little tvith his correspondent ; but Horace Walpole exhibits doneaet as , (cftel:ese drawbacks, but writes ualformly with th e liveliness, and self-possession of the disciplined man of the world. There is no showing-off in his Let , 1 "s —no false lustre, His frequent epigrammatic point l imrtes without effort ; his vivacity seems to be the w atural growth of his mind, which to the last was re markable for its exceeding youthfulness, One thing ° Ply We miss ha him—fervid and vigorous sensibility. All his feelings are on the surface ; there is nothing ccP or sustained in them. Indeed, he seems to have .I Magined that the betrayal of emotion was inconsistent b,ith high breeding ; hence, even when describing the moments of his dear friend and relative, Lord Wal "grave, he is perfectly self-possessed ; and in the very 411- ne letter—dated on the midnight of the day on ' w hich his Lordship died—in which he mentions the particulars of the closing scene, he gossips about Bute's r esignation, and the other news of the hour, with a no.ucka/ance that contrasts amusingly with his pretended Brief, So when her " darling husband" lay dead in his ' c lltniber, the fashionable wife, in Fielding's " Amelia," 41 ind time to discuss the momentous question of her 'mourning dress! In one only instance have we found 4 nYthing like genuine feeling in Horace Walpole ; and that is, in a letter to George Montagu, wherein he de- • ribes his vi s i t t o hi s f a th er ' s sea t at Houghton, after a sixteen years' absence ; but even here the feeling is • °1 "" 6 "ial and suboests none but the most common- Place But if Wal Irian that pole be deficient in keen se n s ibilit y , no ever wrote shows a quicker perception of the 7 1 (.1 and r idi culous in character. Wi t h w h at caus ti c ..tl`l'olour he hi ts off the eccentr i c i t i es o f a Newcastle, or pompous formality of some aristocratic Dowager' IYn° ab surdity., however well-disguised, escapes his ter x ,,, ee ,. He strips the mask off Folly, and exhibits I )ei tig - i s u n e really is. As a raconlcur,he is unrivalled, and per „ u "Y Conscious of his powers in this respect, he is so n i n ," e arY of detailing a fashionable anecdote, or rea last the piquant sauce of his arch sarcasm, the al tet lt of Court scandal. Who forgets his racy the ." e s . of the celebrated Gunnings ; of the trial of de, .cost oh Lords for high treason, and their personal , x ;" c ea nour durin g th e p rocess ; o f E ar l Ferrers's f a ut i" ; of Miss Chudleigh's house, and her fount -martial ° us publi c b rea kf asts ; o f L or d G eorge S ac k v ill e ' s '°llrt - roartial ; o f th e " Wilk es an d Lib erty " r i o t s ; °F the Coronation of George the Third ; and of his ispet - cast l e at S traw b erry Hill, which Burke con emptuously styled " a mere gingerbread toy r These, and a hundred other sketches and anecdotes, that N/0 could enumerate, were it needful, bloom fresh 4 . Yesterday in his evergreen pages, and will continue tom. 6 harm, so long as a relish for merry malice exists us. But notwithstanding Horace Wain°le's keen dis roment of ch aracter , the range of his observation is inl ited, being almost exclusively confined to the habits Pd peculiarities of the class in which he moved, and de lighted to move. He betrays no acquaintance with hum —ar. nature at large, and indeed seems unconscious of the existence of any other world than that of rank I nd fashion. No man dissects mere conventional hu itanity with more skill ; but a bold, unsophisticated, original character, such as Shakspeare, Cervantes, or Fielding would have delighted to pourtray, would, we suspect, have puzzled him exceedingly. The truth is— despite his frequent affected contempt for the follies and Pursuits of high life—he was at heart an Aristocrat of th e most decided stamp. None who peruse his Letters, but must instantly perceive this. Toe impress of Aristo cracy is on every page. It tones down his humour ; gives a polished edge to his sarcasm ; and mellows the mercu rial vivacity of his nature. So deep-rooted was this conventional prejudice, that nothing annoyed him more than the idea that he might be mistaken for an author; and accordingly it became an object with him to divest his style as much as possible of all professional peculia rities ; and in this, he has certainly succeeded, for there are few or no symptoms of the craft in his Letters ; he 'ir.ites chastely and perspicuously, but as an accom plishes gentleman, not a practised author. Pity that the fl e e t . weenin g prl'.ie of Aristocracy should have beset so vital a "pacify, stinting its growth, and enfeebling its Powers Had Horace Walpole but enlarged the ran powers of annd hi s sympathies, and the boundary of his under- Tg% be might have enchanted the world with essays raete "•ttche s o f genu i ne, h ea l t h y English life and cha ‘with,r, equal t o t h ose o f Addi son an d S tee l e ; an d t hi s l ice' a ut at all impairing his ability for pourtraying high It has been the fashion for years to talk in high terms °I Praise of Horace Wal olc's wit. We cannot fall in with thi s aeut enesa ° , p ini onfor though 'P we find infinite smartness, and vivacity in his writings, we have been rable to detect thpreser ce of the rarer quality of wit, totwithstanding that he possessed, in an eminent degree,. bed?°sisar.v concomitant, a ready mind. As a critic, •e n u o l. w tiv a 's s P ea n j e t, ( h l err s i uch abilities as—had he sedulously curs i : i r n v g might have won him lasting re in this department of literature. H . \V s .° . rem arks on Hurd's and Warburton 's Shand a; , Clarendon's Life—Sterne's Tristram Volt, s poetry—Lord Lyttleton's prose— ill h .' r v}er e s histories—and numerous other works of note 11ig n is e i c t Ia ,Y . -- ,negligently as th e y arc thrown off, evince a to ',i s • ant' discrimi nat i on no t o f ten surpasse d. Th oug h capacity, of letter-writer Walpole is necessarily c ompell e d to po talk often about himself and his con i"l n's, Yet nothing can be more graceful and adroit 14n the manner in which he acquits himself. his e g°tistn is never wantonly intruded on his corre sPondents, b ut is always in strict accordance with t:(1 breedi ng , Indeed in no instance is his in ate tact more remarkable, than in his references ° ( l S'lf• H e spea k s of h i s pursuits, his peculiarities, tl°,l• e ven his p ersona l appearance, so fran kl y, an d at t lles so m i nutely, that from his scattered notices we Should have little difficulty in drawing his character at I° ll l ength ; b u t h e k nows exactly how much the tick- Is h them e w ill b ear, and when to dismiss it. Lord 33 Yrna, svho was his avowed admirer, might here have i . t . eitated hi m to advantage. It is singular that a man t hus distinguished by good sen se , s h ou ld i n .y e a tt em pt e d tra gedY, for which he had not the slightest talent ; !NI romantic fiction, for which he was equally un fitted, The " My ster i ous M ot h er, " possesses ne i ther f reeo o of styl e , nor d ept h of sentiment ; and the `'Castle Otranto." whi c h was penne d w i th a view to exhil;t Its author's powers of imagination, exhibits nothing so ur ie • • quivocslly as an utter dearth of the imaginative Had Walpole written nothing but these two h o lits, his name wou ld l ong since have perished, but e lives in his Letters and his Historiettes—produe tiens which the world " will not willingly let die." The foregoing observations base been suggested to it s • by Mr. B ent l ey ' s e di t i on of " Horace Walpole's Letters," the fourth volume of which is now lying on eer table. We consider this publication as one of the t past useful and important that has issued from the for the last quarter of a century ; for not only ", ° es it comprise all the Correspondence that is . 1 )e fou n d i n prece di ng e di t i ons, b ut much, also, 1,11101 ear' no t t ill now appeare d i n pr i nt !, still further re commen d e d to our not i ce b y a 4, r `q3' of ill ustrat i ve notes, d rawn up with consummate ful l y wherein a ll th a t i s now o b scure i n the text i s ‘ t*,, e explain e d ; an d b r i e f bi ograp hi ca l sketches are tiii ° 1 almost every i n di v id ua l o f note or otherwise, taiq ,' ° ,°l Walpole refers in his correspondence. \Ve in addition, that it is embellished with nume tessy"rtraits, engraved from authentic originals, of t'eilt ith i n ° I the most c e l e b ra t e d w it s , s t a t esmen , a nd o' s of the l as t century. Such a work, so enriched Of th e all that is necessary to render it complete, is one litegelost valuable that any lover of' sterling English "re he re a It ', l re can possess. Its range is vast, extending over br ' s -stii ng Period of upwards of fifty years ; and it em s,. ees every topic of domestic or public interest that nTs - t ry which • ei etY during that period. Characters of gives us but a meagre outline, by one Pourtrayed, con amorc and at full length, very oath w ho knew them well. Famous beauties, whose . befareatueas age almost forgotten, are here brought visibly t he Gu li n' enchanter s 'wand. Here we see how havoc nin gs looked, and Mary Lepel smiled ; what vas wro listet; Lady:loadh ht by the Duchess de Choiseul's " fine and the Temple's courtly manners ; we seem to farad, t ° vivacious small-talk of old. Madame du Def cerentinrieadto' int' spri g h t l y repartees of George Selw ; and I mately acquainted with th e ludicrous cc mor yes of hi s Grace of Newcastl e . H onour to t h e me t... Yof Horace Walpole ! But for hi s i n i m i ta bl e Let , much of the domestic history of one of the busiest half -centuries in our annals, would have been wholly lost to us. CAp --T----1 i first time in FRE CHIEF.—.cor tle atinali of the colony, a Caffre chief had appealed to the courts of law for redress against the publisher of a libel on his character. A correspondent of the Colonial Times had charged Pato, the Caffre chief, with ordering a trader, 13czant by name, to be barbarously murdered ; it was also said that, for a " similar r ime," Pate had been " disgracefully kicked out of the officers wirters at Fort Peddl e." The proceedi ngs were by criminal niforrnatio, and, Pato swore Ora he was inn ocent of the crime imputed to h im. An obj ect i on , t h at P ato not being a British subject, could not institute criminal proceedings, was overruled. lhe case of Bonaparte versus Peltier was cited by the plaintiff's counsel Ihe trial was put off till the defendants could pro l'e witn‘sses from Caffreland.-- Commercial Advertiser. GREAT ANTI 'T. MEETIN G AT BIIn4iNGHAIt. DIRMINGDAM, SATURDAY. Once Cl' t`he most numerous and respectable meetings ever assembled in this town in behalf of liberty and hu manity, took place last evening in the Town-hall, being the anniversary of the Birmingham Brltith find Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, The interior cf the Magnificent building presented a Most irilpOsing andintetesting spec tacle at the hour appointed For the commencement of the proceeding ; the body and galleries being filled by an audience representing all sects and parties in this tnwn and neighbourhood intereQt , ni Promoting the liberation of the slave \ •ar,'cli securing to the enfranchised negroes of ear West India Islands the full benefits and advaciages purchased by the great boon of emancipation. At six o'clock Sir Eardley Wilmot, Bart, M.P., made his appearance on the platform, and was received with loud cheers.) The Hon. Baronet was accompanied by Joseph Sturge, Esq., the High Bailiff (Rice Harris, Esq.), Charles Shaw, Esq., Magistrate, the Hon. J. G. Birney and H. B. Stanton, Esq., of New York (being a deputation from the friends of the cause in America), John Sturge, and John Scoble, Esqrs., the Rev. Thomas Mosely, the Rector of St. Martin's, Birmingham ; the Rev. John Angell James, Indepen dent Minister ; the Rev. Mr. Macdonald, Wesleyan Minister ; the Rev. Knibb, Baptist Minister from Jamaica, and a large number of other ministers and lay-gentlemen belonging to the town, and several from America. The proceedings were commenced by the Secretary, Mr. William Morgan, reading the report, in which was embodied a brief summary of the busicess transacted at the great Anti-slavery Convention ►ccently held in the metropolis. In closing their report the Committee observed, that from all that they had been able to learn, it appeared that the enfranchised negroes, patient under continued provocation, and obedient to the law, cruel as it was, had exhibited conduct above all praise. On the other hand, the malignity of the oppressor continued undimi nished. Already were laws in operation, the direct tendency of which was to reproduce the most direful fruits of slavery. Already one of those individuals on whose behalf their sympathies were last year excited— ( Mr. Oughton, a Baptist missionary)—was incarcer ated in a prison for having done his duty to his con science and his God, and they would ask, whether these things were to be ? If they would have liberty secured and perpetuated to the negro, then let every indivi dual abolitionist, and every friend of humanity, unite in a common effort to purify the Legislative Councils and the Courts of Justice of these colonies. Sir EARDLEY WiLmoT then came forward amidst general acclamations. The report, he commenced by observing, suggested to his mind reflections of deep in terest and importance. It had been his happiness to attend several meetings of the Anti-Slavery Conven tion in London, and it was impossible to express to them the gratification which he, in common with others, felt in witnessing the scene presented by the assembly of 400 delegates from every part of the civilised world.— ( Hear, hear.) But, however grateful these and other meetings of a similar character were to his heart, he felt a far higher pleasure in meeting them on the present occasion, in a town in which he was personally known, and in which he hoped he had many friends, and in a cause in which they all felt so deep an interest. At the period of their last meeting, they had only approached, as it were, to the confines of the dominions of slavery.—(Hear.) They had now entered into the heart of the country, and he trusted they would never relinquish the object they had in view till they had secured the liberty of the coloured race wherever they were held in bondage.—(Cheers.) It was the opinion of many of their opponents that the friends of abolition were adverse to free labour. There never was a greater misapprehension than this. He considered free labour the great stepping-stone to their ultimate success.—( Hear.) But the friends of the negro called free labour one thing—the planters in Ja maica called it another. He (Sir Eardley) called that state of things free labour in which a man was at liberty to give his efforts and his industry to whom he pleased, and in whatever way he pleased, so far as was consistent with the laws of God and man. The " free labour" of the planters was Oak that where the man was free, he must be compelled to work as they please].—(Hear, hear.) Let them sup pose, for instance, that their Parliament, in one of its insane moments--(Gre a t cheering and laughter)—was to pass a resolution, that any three labourers who wished to earn their bread by the sweat of their brow for the support of th e i r w i ves and ch i ldren—t h at t h ese men, in giving a preferenc e to masters who treated them kindly, should refuse to work for those who scarcely considered them or treated them as human beings— should they not, he asked, denounce that as a cruel law which should sentence these three poor men to impri sonment, merely because they obeyed the dictates of their judgments and the best feelings of their na• ture ?—(Hear.) Should they not denounce that law which sent men and women to prison for seeking shelter for the night in sheds by the way side, driven from their houses, and which prohibited them from fishing as they were accustomed to do during the worst days of slavery ?—(Shame.) Yet this was the way in which the negroes were still treated, and yet the planters complained of their losses, and the refusal of the negroes to work. Let them but try the experiment of treating the negroes with kindness, and he would venture to say that, so far from experiencing pecuniary loss, in a short time all complaints of this nature would cease. The Rev. G. B. 111AcnotiALD, in moving the adop tion of the report, said, although he had no intention of availing himself of the opportunity afforded him for ad dressirg the meeting while there were g entlemen pre sent in whose statements they must necessarily take a deep interest, yet he felt that there was some propriety in a Christian minister being selected to move the first resolution at an Anti-slavery Society, for he considered slavery as the greatest blot at the present time on the Christian Church, in a large portion of the world ; and it was therefore important tha t Christian ministers should enter their protest against slavery, and wipe their hands, so far as they were concerned, of that abomination.—(Cheers.) He believed the various Christian Churches of America were sadly polluted with this curse, and perhaps not one of them more deeply than the Wesleyan Episcopalians.—( Hear.) The Wesleyans of England had endeavoured fearlessly to do their duty by representing to them the enormity of the system, but in consequence of the Anti-slavery principles contained in their Christian remonstrance, that remonstrance was suppressed in America.—( Hear, and cries of " Shame.") They had heard much of American revivals and the increase of their Churches, but he was, he confessed, not a little suspicious of the purity of the one and the sincerity of the other until they abjured their connexion with slavery.—(Cheers.) The Hon. J. G. BIRNEY was here introduced to the meeting, amidst great applause, as a gentleman who had voluntarily emancipated his slaves. The Hon. Gentleman, in seconding the resolution, said the sympathy expressed by the meeting in the an nouncement that he had emancipated slaves in his pos se,sion, was a higher proof of their regard for the prin ciples of' liberty than it could be matter of honour to him that he performed a simple act of justice. He took pleasure in seconding the resolution, and if he were to follow the Chairman in the view he had take❑ of the subject, he should be able to exhibit the superiority of free labour over slave labour. It had been tried, not upon a contracted scale, but in whole communities, and it had been found that the free states were more prosperous than the slave states. But he would not dwell on that part of the subject, because it would be gone into by others. He would, therefore, hasten to another point not less interesting to the meeting, and to those whom he represented. The American delegates had come there to obtain all the aid they could reasonably ask in the enterprise in which they were engaged in their own country. They needed it. Much had been said about the dangers to which the American abolitionis s were subject ; but enough could hardly be said. The extent of it was not known in this country, but they were not deterred by it. They had set their hearts upon the attainment of a right object, and, come what might, they were determined to proceed.—(Cheers.) But in that determination they would not be reckless of conse quences, nor despise any aid they could obtain. They had come there to ascertain the real feeling of English men, and ascertain in what way they could be assisted. 'l'here were various ways, but all must be centred in and emanate from pure moral influence—(Hear, hear) —upon the country, and especially upon the religious portion of the community. In order to enable them to judge of the necessity for this influence, he should read documents which would show clearly the great hold slavery had got amongst the religious denominations. He should first direct at tention to the sentiments entertained by the religious dcaornination to which he himself belonged. H e meant the Presbyterian body. At the general confe rence of the body held at Charlt ston and in the Caro i nas, they declared— ' That in the opinion of this Presbytery the holding of slaves, so far from being a sin in the sight of God, is nowhere condemned in his holy word— (Cries of " Shame")----that it is i n accor d ance w ith the example, or consistent with the precepts of pa triarchs, prophets, and apostles ; that it is compatible with the most paternal regard to the best good of those servants whom God may have committed to our charge ; and that, therefore, those who assume the contrary po sition, and lay it down as a fundamental principle in morals and religion, that slavery is wrong, proceed upon a false principle.' The S, nod of Virginia declared unanimously, that the dogma fiercely promulgated by the Abolitionist As sociations, that slavery, as it actually exists i n our slaveholding States, is necessarily sinful, and ought to be immediately abolished, and the conclusions which naturally follow from that dogma, are directly and pal pably contrary to the plainest principles of common sense and common humanity, and to the clearest autho rity of the word of God. Now these were the sentiments expressed by the duly constituted bodies of the Church. It might be said they hay not been approved of by the Churches in the other part of the country , He could „ . . ?ray 64 had condemned by them. The men •, • - who had solemnly uttered and published them had never been rebuked; and when such opinions were promulgated by bodies what might they not expect from individuals ? He would read an extract from the writings of a,.slave;. owner. Mr. 13. then read the following ektt•it'fft ft-i . ni 4 , a letter of the Rev. Robert Andeison, Who; in writing to one 'df conmainibn, said---” If there be. any stray goat of a Minister amongst us tainted with the blood;- hound principles of abolitionism; let him be Rirreted.otit; silenced, and exconimuninated; Mfd left to the public to dispoSe of him in other respects." He well knew, con tinued Mr. 8., the interpretation that was to be put upon this language. He well knew that he was handing the unfortunate person whom he had described to Lynch law—to deprive binn of !ife. language from a rniwister of the Gospel! Well, what said the newspapers? The Soul/rerte Christian Her o ld; a religious newspaper; and.the organ of bno of the religious &nominations, gives an r.ecokint of a meeting held in Lancaster, South Carolina, which was addressed by the Rev. T. H. Thornhill and the Rev. Mr. Carlisle, and which passed resolutions, asserting—" That slavery as it exists in the south is no evil, and is consistent with the prin ciples of revealed religion ; that all opposition to it arises from a misguided and fiendish fanaticism, which we are bound to resist on the very threshold ; that all interference with this subject by fanatics is a vio lation of our civil and social rights, is unchristian. and inhuman, leading necessarily to anarchy and bloodshed ; and that the instigators arc murderers." The Rev. James Smislie, a Presbyterian preacher in the State of Mississippi, in a pamphlet published by him a few years since, with the avowed intent of quieting the consciences of some of his slaveholding Christian neighbours, says, " If slavery be a sin, and if advertising slaves with a view to restore them to their masters is a direct violation of the divine law, and if the buying, sel ling, and holding slaves for the sake of gain is a heinous sin and scandal, then verily three-fourths of all the Epis copalians, Methodists, Baptists, and P:esbyterians, in eleven States of the Union are of the Devil." (The reading of these documents caused a great sensa- tion and strong marks of disapprobation.) - He should next advert to the Wesleyan body, which exceeded in numbers 700,000 persons. They lately held a confe rence in Baltimore, and at that conference it was de• tided that no minister in that Church receive the testi mony of a coloured member against a white member. What, he would ask, was that but a declaration that the coloured member was not worthy of credit ? The Baptist slave-owners were still more cruel. They de clared that if a slave was removed for life by virtue of purchase, his wife should consider him dead to her, and she might marry another. Amidst this almost, general advocacy of the worst species of slavery, it was well that among some of the smaller bodies of Christians the system was not carried on. Amongst the Roman Catholics nothing of the sort was carried on. The Baptists had also some amongst them who were op posed to it ; these, however, were few ; and the ques tion came, how were they to induce all to abandon the mischief ? By bringing the religious portion of the community of this country to bear upon them. The speaker next adverted to the conduct of several ministers of religion, who, when they came to England, professed to be opposed to slavery, but when they re turned, they resumed their slave-driving. Ag ainst these men they must guard, and subject them to a severe scrutiny on their next visit. The Hon. Gentleman proceeded to point out severa l ways by which the people of England could act upon public opinion in the United States, such as through remonstrances, by the agency of their missionaries, but, above all, by their exertions to induce the Govern ments of Spain and Portugal to relinquish the traffic. In conclusion he stated, that he hart received an ac count of a young gentleman in America, named Ed wards, who had set his slaves at liberty, and divided amongst them four thousand pounds sterling. The Rev. Mr. GALUSIIA moved the second re solution, expressive of the satisfaction of the meeting, at the great impulse given to the objects of the Society, by the Great Anti-Slavery Convention lately held in London. 'rho Rev. Jolty ANGEL JAMES rose to second the resolution, and was received with loud applause, after which he delivered a most powerful address. He did not hesitate to avow he felt himself honoured in being associated with his American friends of the Abolition Society, just as much as he should feel myself insulted and disgraced with being associated with the American advoc.tes of slavery ; and he trusted that that rneeting was a preparation tor a period nearer than some gloomy imagina,ions might be led to fear, when all America would be united with all England in promoting the cause of universal freedom. The days of slavery were numbered—its fate was fixed—its doom was sealed— it had been tried and found guilty of treason against reason and the iniagc of God.—(Cheers.) It had been found guilty and condemned, and however lingering the time might be that would intervene its execution was approaching—it must die—it would die—it shall die— it was the decree of mau, who re-echoed, in pronouncing it, the decree of God. In the British metropolis, the centre of the civilized world—of all that was intellectual—of all that was moral and religious, before the venerable Clarkson, who lived to be the judge in that trial, with the Bible before them as the statute book, with witnesses that slavery had violated it, with a jury impannelled from all parts of the world of various politics and religious denominations, under these circumstances, and where Sir E.Wilmot was one of the jury, the criminality of slavery against God was proved, and it was doomed to an ignominious and accursed death.—(Cheers.) Die it would and die it must. He in these observations of course alluded to the Convention his excellent friend described as the centre of moral influence on this great question. He would pronounce that Assembly one of the most im portant, august assemblies, that had been held in modern times or in any part of the habitable globe. Let it not be thought, however, that they had an easy task to accomplish or that they could succeed with facility. They did not expect it. They were not soldiers of the parade, they were nerved in their arms, and they had courage in their hearts, and were prepared for a long war, but confident of the victory. They had not lost the records of hu manity in their own colony. Clarkson still lived, who had taught them how to forgive, as well as how to work and gain the prize. If it took twenty years to put down slavery in the British colonies, let it not be sup posed that it would take less to put down slavery all over the world. With respect to the resolutions of the religious conferences in America, he would exclaim —Oh that Christian men, and above all that Christian ministers, should pass such resolutions! But he would say, in spite of them all, slavery was hateful in the sight of the God of justice and mercy ; and let them who had the power send up the sacred incense of their prayers before the throne of heaven for the final destruction of the evil. [Addressing himself to the American delegates, the Rev. Gentleman said]—Wil! this, my respected brothers, have any influence in your country ? From my very heart I pity you, and at the same time in many respects I envy you. I can and do entertain love for the land of my birth—l can enter into the feelings of sorrow and anguish of soul, you feel as pa triotic men at having uncovered the dishonour of your native land. I can. conceive how you blush to think that your country should !be held up to ignominy for its advocacy of foul slavery, that the very acts of your Legislature are passed to the music of the groans of the slave—where slavery is enshrined in the hall of your legislators, and where it is chained to the very chair of your President . ; and in the ruthless hatred of the efforts made to abolish this evil, your legislators have sacrificed half your rights as freemen by preventing the right of petition.—( Hear, hear.) Still I envy you, that you should have the distinction of standing forth to remove this blot upon your country—that you should be willing to take up the martyr's post, and with it the martyr's crown. Go, my honoured brothers, to your country, thanking God and taking courage. You will not be left to yourselves—you will have all our moral influence as men, and the benedictions of the oppressed. The Rev. O. WiNsLow moved the third resolution, recommending the adherence of the friends of the slave to the recommendation not to hold any Christian com munity with slave-holders in America. RICE Hands, Esq., High Bailiff, seconded the reso- lution. H. B. STANTON, Esq., moved the next resolution, expressive of the abhorrence of the meeting of the un just laws recently passed by the colonial legislatures, with the object of depriving the negroes of their just rights, and urging the adoption of petitions to Parlia ment for the repeal of those obnoxious laws. The Rev. Was. KNIBB seconded the resolution in an address of great length, in the course of which he ex posed many of the flagitious enactments by which it was attempted to deprive the negro of his dearly pur chased freedom. No dependence could be placed on the planters in the colonies that they would fairly ad minister the law, and he believed they had nothing to expect from their present Colonial Secretary. Mr. Knibb announced his intention of sisiting America in the ensuing year, with the view of exposing the horrors of transatlantic slavery. JOHN STURGE, Esq., moved the following resolution : —" That although emancipation has in some of the colonies been attended by a temporary diminution in the produce of sugar, this meeting is fully per suaded that such diminution has mainly arisen from a \course of proceeding on the part of a great majority of the managers of estates towards the consumers no less blind and infatuated than it is oppressive and un just, and it is the decided opinion of this meeting that the superior cheapness of free labour, aided by the in troduction of the plough and other agricultural imple ments, will soon not only produce an ample supply of sugar for home consumption, but at no distant day drive from all the markets in Europe the blood-stained product of slavery." Mr. Sturge, in a very sound ad ! dress, proved the accuracy of the views expressed in ' the resolution, by statements of facts which were most con elusive. JOHN SCOBLE, Esq., in seconding the resolution, observed, that in the present state of the meeting, an d at that late hour, it would be utterly impossible to en . gage their attention in such a manner as to repay them for anything which he might have felt it to be his duty tnE_ SUN, LONDON MOND_A_Y_, JULY 27, 1840. under more favourable circumstances to bring undEr; their attention. The subject matter of the resolution was of that kind which required a large number of details in figures, to bring the whole of the facts under their consideration. Had he ; however, an op florttinity o bringiug the whtile Cif the subject under their review, he thought he would find little difficulty in substantiating every position laid down in the re scilution, from official papers laid before Parliament as well tiS i'rerfi leis oi;rn Obseriation ditrind ad ettensive quiry in the British Colonies.—(Hear, hear.) the meeting must therefore do him the favour of taking it for granted that every proposition which the resolution embodied could be sustained, and he trusted other op portunities would be afforded him of showing to the British public that whatever might have been said in reference to the decrease in the quantity of sugar raised in the West Indies ; that that decrease was by no means so great as it was asserted to be,—(Hear, hear.) He would mention one fact by way of poising this ; that fact was grounded on a Parliamentary paper which he had in his possession, by which they would perceive how little confidence was to be placed in the general statements made in reference to the decrease of the produce of the Colonies. Let them take the year 1833, the last year of slavery, and they would rind, on consulting the returns laid before Parlia ment, that the amount of sugar imported into this country frlm the British West India Islands, the Mauritius, and the East Indies, amounted to 4,277,911 cwts. ; and in 1839, the last year, they found that the amount of sugar imported into this country from these various sources was 3,914,326 cwts., leaving a decrease of 363,586 cwts., or about one-twelfth of the whole.— ( Hear.) He adverted to the fact that a great number of married women, and the mothers of infant children, and the children themselves, had been withdrawn from the severe duties of • the cultivation of sugar—that children of twelve years of age were now found in their schools who used to be engaged in carrying canes ; he alluded not to the fact that a large number of young men and women had gone to other employ ments in the towns, and who would in after years form the tradespeople of their colonies—he adverted not to the general withdrawal_of domestics who were formerly employed during the season of the crops—to contests about wages—to the question of rental for huts—to the occupation of provision-grounds—to the frauds prac tised on the labourers, and the mode and the time of the payment of their wages—to the combination of the planters to coerce labour, and to the general haughty and overbearing spirit held by the managers in their inter course with the labourers ; whilst in British Guiana it has now been ascertained on the authority of I of the Governors of that colony, that the crop of last year had been affected to at least one-third of its amount by the severe drought which prevailed in that colony. In connection with the preceding facts the diminution in the produce of sugar in the West Indies, might be still further traced to the conduct of the plant ers themselves. In reference to another important matter, it appeared that the,amount of manufactured pods introduced in the five years that sueceeded slavery was 3,000,0001. more than the amount introduced I during the five last years of slavery.—(Loud cheers.) If, he repeated, the planters only pursued the course which justice demanded, there would be found suffi cient labour in the Colonies to cultivate their estates without the importation of labourers or Hill Coolies.— ( Hear, hear.) He would refer to another fact of im portance, namely, the increased value of property in the Colonies. In every ease. in which estates had been brought into the market, they fetched higher prices than could have been obtained during the period of slavery, with their slaves upon them. Here, then, was a fact in which they were enabled at once to test the property of the Colonies.—(Cheers.) In corroboration of this fact he might further state, that during the last year the sale of the estates in British Guiana fetched higher prices in many instances than they fetched dur ing the days of slavery.—(Cheers.) This fact he gave on the authority of the Governor of the colony, who communicated it in a dispatch to the Colonial Office, with the names of the estates and the prices which they fetched, thus satisfactorily disposing of the statements made by the planters of the general ruin which had been entailed upon them by the emancipation of the negroes. But the planters sought by the enact ment of the laws to bring the people once more within their power. The slave spirit had yet to be exploded, and the friends of the negro must look closely after the administration of the laws, and keep the Government to their dut; ; and though Lord John Russell might refuse them interviews, as he had repeatedly done, there were other modes of making their applications heard than through the Secretary of the Colonies. In concluding these brief remarks, they would permit him for a moment to advert to • the real causes which had created the present high price of sugar in the British markets. He would advert to the fact that in the colonies at the present time a much larger quantity of sugar was consumed by the emanci pated negroes than formerly. They were not now con tent to receive a small quantity from their masters at Easter time and at Christmas. They must have a re gular supply for themselves and their 'families. This in some measure had affected the home market, while in this country there had been an increased demand for sugar, arising from various causes. But the chief cause of the high price had been the monopoly of the Bri tish market by the West India body. That monopoly had not merely shut out the produce of the stave holding States, but bad prevented the British people from enjoying the sugar raised by free labour in other parts of the world than their own de pendencies. On principle, he confessed himself op posed to all monopolies, whether they were sugar or other monopolies ; but he could not disguise from him self the fact that to equalise the duties of sugar at the present moment would be to give a bonus to slave la bour, which he was most unwilling to do—(Cheers) not, however, for the sake of the \Vest Indians, but on the grand principle of humanity, liberty, and reli gion. He was of opinion that the day was not far distant when the produce of free labour would destroy slave labour in all the markets of the world, and most anxious was he that the attention of the British people and the Government should be turned to India as an ample field for supplying with sugar the demands of this country.—(Loud cheers.) At the conclusion of Mr. Scoble's speech, S. Lloyd, Esq., was called to the Chair, upon which— C. SHAW, Esq. moved a vote of thanks to Sir Eardley Wilmot for his conduct in the Chair. • The resolution was put and carried with acclamation, After which the HON. BARONET returned thanks, and assured them that either through the medium of pe titions to the House of Commons, or any other legitimate mode within his power, he should he always ready from principle to forward the great and glorious cause they had undertaken.. The Meeting separated at half-past ten o'clock. IRISH ASSIZES. DECREASE OF CRIME. (From the Dublin Evening Post.) In four or five counties the Ribbon prosecutions, in. stituted by the Government, gave the Judges some busi ness to do ; but with this exception the criminal cases in those counties would not have given to each Judge a single day's occupation. Looking at the assizes generally, the extreme lightness of the calendars is without precedent in this or perhaps in any other part of the empire. Behold the proofs, from the mouths of the Judges. We shall begin with Leinster Jut'ge Perrin, addressing the Wicklow Grand Jury —" I am happy to inform that the number of prisoners is small, and the offences of a light nature." Baron Foster, at Louth, after observing that there were only twenty-soven persons for trial, eight of them upon an old indictment, said—" The calendar, I am happy to observe, does not call from me any further remark." _ _ _ Baron Pennefathar, at Longford--" I am happy to find, on looking into your calendar, that it presents a very different appearance from that which it was in the habit of presenting for some time back ; indeed, with one or two exceptions, the calendar does not exhibit any crime indicative of any great enormity. * * * There is another subject to which I wish to call your attention, and that is, that several sir the offences upon the calendar are of a triv ial nature, and might have been returned to the Sessions, yet they thought fit to send them to the Assizes. The informations should have been returned to the Sessions." Jude Burton, at Drogheda—" There are but three cases for trial, the nature of which does not call for any particular observation from me." He was very Mr. Sergeant Moore, at Wexford—. happy to state that upon the present occasio n th e i r duties would be very limited in extent, both as to the number of the cases, and the crimes with which they were charged. It did reflect the highest honour upon a county so populous and e xtensive, that there were so their trial at the A ss i zes. " few individuals awaiting Here we find Baron Pennefather complaining that the calendar, small as was the number of prisoners upon it, ought to have been still lighter, because seve ral of the trifling offences returned for trial should have been sent to the Quarter Sessions. W e make this re mark, because a new trick of the Orange Journals is to attribute the smallness of the number of prisoners at the Assizes to the previous clearance of the gaol by the Assistant-Barristers at Sessions. It would appear, from the observation of Baron Pennefather that, so far from this being the case, a class of offenders w h o s h ou ld have been disposed of at the Sessions, was held over to make up a Calendar a a t the Assizes. We shall now few samples from the N or th ern give province, which is now disturbed by the Orangemen only—for the Ribbonmen may be regarded as totally extinguished : Judge Torrens, at Cavan—" The calendar would be much lighter than it was, were it not for the number of cases that had been adjourned from the last assizes." Judge Burton, at Down--" Congratul a t e d th e G ran d Jury on the peaceable state of the county, There were only fourteen cases for trial." 'We now turn to the Western Province : ,Ttage Crampton, at Roscommon—" There is no, thing ;n the state Of the calendar that requires me to occupy your time ; your county is tranquil, and I find no crime except those ordinary offences which every country is subject to." Baron Richards, at Leitrim—" With the exception of the Ribbon cases," his Lordship said, ‘, there was nothing in the calendar to call for observation." Judge Crampton, at Sligo—" His Lordship," says the Sligo Champion, " made no allusion to the calen dar, although it happens to be a very light one." Great as has been the improvement in the three Pro vinces referred to, it is as nothing compared to the won derful revolution effected in the social condition of Munster. If there be truth in the Tory principle, that tranquillity portends rebellion, the Southern Province must be on the eve of a formidable outbreak, for the Judges every where are remarking upon the disappear ance of crime, and in some places the gaols are com pletely empty. In this Province—which in Tory times had been the battle ground of Captain Rock—there is now much less crime than in any part of England ; and the Orangemen never having been able to establish themselves, unless in isolated spots, such as Bandon, there is not, from one end of the province to the other, the slightest trace of Ribbonism. We feel pride and gratification in referring to the charges of the Judges : Mr. Sergeant Moore, addressing the grand jury of the county of Waterford—" He had no observation to make to them, as to any duty they would be called upon to perform ; the fact being, that no Crown case was to be placed under their consideration. Ho had heard, he need not say with what pleasure, on his ar riva! in the city that day, that there was not a prisoner for trial in the city at this assizes. This was a circum stance, he believed, unprecedented not only in this, but, he would add, in the sister kingdom, that not an isolated Crown case was to be heard by the going Judge of Assize ; and it was a fact on which the city of W ater ford might well congratulate itself. No Crown case, be repeated, with sentiments of sincere gratification, was to be placed under their consideration—a matter, he would again add, unprecedented, he was almost sure, in Ireland as well as in England." _ _ . The business of the Assizes was disposed of in a quarter of an hour! But Waterford was not the only place in which there was an Assizes without prisoners. Read— Judge Ball to the City of Limerick Grand Jury : " I am happy to find, on referring to the Crown book, that there are only three cases for trial, and but one prisoner in the city gaol, a circumstance which is pro bably without a :parallel. I learn from the inspector of the prison, that his experience leads him to attri bute it in one degree to the vastly improved moral habits of the people from sobriety. The vice of drunkenness has become so rare, that it is now looked on as a most improper thing. I hope the operation of this improved moral habit will increase, so that Judges who follow me will also have to congratulate you on the same subject, and it reflects high credit on the local authorities, that the exertions they have made to sup press intoxication, and reform the habits of the people, have had a salutary influence. This happy state of things afforded a model to every other city in Ireland, and I hope the good example will be generally fol lowed." These observations of Judge Ball afford us real de light. From the beginning, when we entered heart and soul into the Temperance movement, we antici pated, from its successful progress, such great results to the peace of society, and the welfare of the people themselves, as are here described by the Learned Judge. The temperance reformation is nearly complete in three-fourths of the counties of Ireland ; but we are only beginning to witness its glorious effects. We must, however, proceed with our extracts : Mr. Sergeant Greene, Limerick county : " The calen dar of this county, at the present Assizes, does not appear to me to contain anything requiring particular observation, and the number of cases it contains is not considerable. This may be accounted for in some de gree by the practice of sending cases of minor import ance to the Quarter Sessions. Making all due allow ance for this circumstance, I think I may congratulate you on the indication which the calendar presents of the diminution of crime in this country." Judge Perrin—County of Watertord—His Lord ship very briefly congratulated the Jury on the light ness of the calendar. Judge Ball—County of Clare—" I am happy to find that my task is one of a very satisfactory descrip tion. On referring to the calendar I perceive that the aggregate number there set down is thirty-four. On examining it more minutely you will be surprised to hear that out of these nineteen might have been disposed of at quarter sessions ; many of them are of a description that do not warrant their being sent to the assizes, such as stealing asses, sheep, and larcenies of that de scription. Had a proper course been now pursued, I would have to congratulate ycu on having only fifteen cases for trial, which would be to me, as well as to you, a source of unmingled satisfaction, and creditable to the inhabitants of the county Clare." We shall close this display—of which the Irish Go vernment and the people have so much reason to be proud—by quoting from the charge of an English Judge, Baron Rolfe, at the York Assizes. Nothing could be more striking, in the way of contrast, than the English charge with any one of those we have quoted : Mr. Baron Rolfe—" Gentlemen of the Grand Jury t — ea as assizes eesa of extremely r ettmhhie honour o e 4 sorr y ycunt), I , of a ddressin g ) th s a l t o e u n ld th h a e ‘. e a grand first which h I h r o a r n e d m e jury a e a o - f lendar cont a i n in g offences of ve r y great be enormity in deed. There will come b e f ore you bills charging no less than four persons with the crime of murder. One of the cases is most terrible to think o f—th a t o f a d a ug hter having murdered her mother. There is anoth er case, scarcely less shocking than this—that of a mother for the murder of a child—not, as commonly supposed in charges of this kind, a mother murdering her illegiti mate offspring at the moment of its birth for the pur pose of concealing her shame—but when it was two or three years old." CHINA. As the expected collision with the Celestial Empire must create a desire for information, we have put to gether a few facts respecting that extraordinary nation, which may be new to our readers. It is now 196 years since the capture of Pekin by the Manchow Tartars, and the consequent subjugation of the empire. The present Emperor, Taou Kwang, is the sixth of this dynasty, and for the last three reigns the popularity of it has been on the decline. There exist at present in China three secret associa tions, named severally the Waterlily, the Incense Bur ners, and the San-hahocy, or Triad. The latter is re presented by Dr. Milne as strongly assimilating with freemasonry, except that it works evil instead of good ; its ramifications extend even to Batavia, Singapore, Malacca, &c. and its principal object is the overthrow of the Tartar dynasty, and the protection of native Chinese, wherever they may happen to reside. The late Emperor had a narrow escape from assassi nation by a party of the Waterlily Union. A band of 70 forced their way into the Imperial Palace at Pekin, but were repulsed by the Emperor's second son (the present Emperor), who shot two of them with his own hand. It was in consequence of this courageous con duct that he was nominated to the succession, instead of his brother. There also exists in the mountainous district, on the N.W. border of the province of Canton, a numerous and hardy band called Meaou-Tse, which has not been subdued by the Tartars, and has not adopted the Tartar costume, that badge of slavery which has, with this single exception, been submitted to throughout the empire. This body would, doubtless, co-operate with any foreign force having for its object the restoration of the ancient dy nasty. These mountaineers arc as notorious for courage and daring as the other Chinese are for their effeminacy and love of peace—many expeditions have been sent against them, but without effect. A deceased writer on China, speaking of Nankin, the ancient capital, represents it as the most vulnerable point of the empire. It is situated on the banks of the great river Kiang, and may be approached by vessels of war ; the celebrated pirate Kuoshing sailed his fleet up to the city in 1650, during the reign of the first Tartar Emperor, but was repulsed. The great canal, on which pass all the supplies for Pekin from the southward, joins the river a short distance below Nankin, and the writer above quoted is of opinion that a blockade of the mouth of this canal, and that of the river itself, would reduce the capital of China to the greatest distress. This large river, the Kiang, discharges itst4 into the eastern sea in the parallel of 32 deg. N., a most de lightful climate. In 182 S a gentleman of :the British factory found at Macao a paper written in the Chinese character, of which the following is an exact translation :—" Vast was the central nation—flourishing the heavenly dynasty. A thousand regions sent tribute—ten thousand nations did homage, but the Tartar obtained it by fraud, and this grudge can never be assuaged. Enlist soldiers, procure horses, display aloft the flowing stindard, raise troops, and seize weapons ; let us exterminate the Manchow race." THE GREEK PATRIARCH. The following letter and documents throw some light on the dispute between Sir Howard Douglas and the Greek Patriarch, with respect to the late proceedings in the lonian Islands. We give the letter without concurring in all the opinions of the writer. The report of the Turkish Commissioner to the Sublime Porte will be found interesting, on account of the subject to which it refers, as well as the impartiality, good sense, and religious toleration which it exhibits throughout. By the orders of the Sultan, they summoned the Patriarch before them, and after closely interrogating him on the instructions transmitted to the lonian Bishops, and reasoning with him on the line of conduct which he had pursued, they delivered to the Sultan the result of the inquiry, which we have subjoined to the letter of our Correspondent : TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—I am enabled to place before you a trans lation of the examination of the Greek Patriarch, by a Commission appointed by the Sublime Porte, to investigate certain charges brought against him by the British Government. From that report you will be best able to judge for yourself whether the conduct of Lord Ponsonby, in forcing the Sultan to dismiss the Head of the Church of the Eastern Christians, because he remonstrated against what he considers an unjustifiable interference with his religion, redounds much to his credit. I wonder what Mr. O'Connell would say, were the English people to insist on the Emperor of Austria's march ing his Hungarians upon Rome, to dispossess the Pope ? Yet the Patriarch of Constantinople stands in the same exalted position to the many millions of the Christians of the East. The fairness of spirit exhibited by the Commission, speaks much in fa vour of the march of political refinement in Turkey. The Patriarch, it would appear, was dismissed, not for what he had done or written, but because Lord Ponsonby demanded it, and because his dismissal enabled Sir H. Douglas to play Henry VIII. in the lonian Islands, without interruption. The original appeared in the Ottoman Moniteur at the time, and i❑ Nos. 776 to 777 of the 'A 'x Greek newspaper. A MEMBER OF THE GREEK CHURCH. London, 23d July, 1840. THE REPORT. The Commission, in submitting the result of their labours to the Sublime Porte, considers it a duty to add a few observations :—Where there is a question con cerning the duties, the rights, and the religious dogmas of another religion, we do not take upon ourselves to regulate the conduct of the Patriarch, as far as regards the exertion of his authority. But as, apart from this, the Sublime Porte has always admittcd the principle of granting to all religions full liberty of conscience with out interfering with them, we must on the account re frain from offering any opinion as to the nature of those religious connexions which the Patriarch may have with the inhabitants of the lonian Islands. Our duty dictates us only to point out here certain passages of the letter addressed by the Patriarch to the Bishops of those islands, as well as some extracts from the pamphlet that was printed here, the whole of which has been translated, and some expressions of which ap pear to us calculated to cause the displeasure of every friendly Power. FRAGMENTS OF THE LETTER. Ist. " In place of these (the orthodox Clergy) are brought forward and encouraged, and even entrusted with employments, young priests of frivolous habits, whose conduct gives every reason to suspect them of impiety, not to say altogether of despising the ancient usages, having been instructed in those dangerous schools which arc condemned by all honest and right thinking lonians, and ,under professors, not only op posed in opinion, but even open enemies of the salutary Christian doctrines." 2. " It is the duty of true and legitimate Bishops in defence and'protection of their holy right, not only not to cease from their endeavours in preventing such a state of things, but to suffer misery and contempt, and, if necessary, persecution, imprisonment, banishment, nay even to endure much worse sufferings, after the manner of those martyrs of old who preferred to suffer the most cruel tortures, that they might boldly stand by the commands of God, rather than obey the will of men: 7:Ei9xF/ELV ya„-; r, ay9Forotc." 3. " Almost all the young priests who come out of the suspicious colleges, lead a dissolute life, having im bibed the false notions of a sectarian education." - - (EXTRACTS FROM THE PAMPHLET.) I. " Certainly an attempt appears to be made in this most unfortunate age, we know not why, against the holy Church of Christ, by the government of the lonian Islands, which, ignorant as it seems, or forgetful of its province, and therefore overstepping the limits of its authority, laid down by our fathers and the Heavenly Bridegroom [N;;f4r,c] of the Church, enters within those of our worship and our Church, and wishes in sidiously to introduce in the lonian Islands Luthero- Calvinistical innovations." 2. " How beautiful, how wonderful an independence ! How happy the people who are thought worthy of such felicity! How blessed the Legislature which can, by the mere passing of a law, overturn all things eccle siastical and spiritual, and introduce at its own selec tion, without regard to laws and ordinances, whatever best suits to the passions, the objects, and the wishes of those in power." 3. " They have arranged to make law whatever the passions, the objects, the interests, and the fancies of those in power required." 4. " The whole of the spiritual power and authority devolves upon the Senate, and consequently on the Lord High Commissioner pro tempore, who turns and guides the Senate according to his objects and will." Such are the extracts which have claimed our atten tion, and which we think it our duty to bring before the attention of the Sublime Porte. [Here follows the decree of the Sultan, dismissing 1 the Patriarch, and naming his successor.] CORN LAWS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. DEAR Sin,— Although wide as the poles asunder in our political opinions, generally speaking, I am, nevertheless, pleased by your steady and unflinching opposition to the accursed and inhuman Corn-laws, which is neither more or less than a s) phon placed in the hands of power, to suck out the substance of the people, and I fearlessly assert, if it is much longer suffered to disgrace the Statute Book, frightful consequences too shocking to contemplate will, ere long, ensue, notwithstanding a gens d'armee, so uncon stitutionally raised throughout once merry and boastful England, to prevent so dire a calamity. Surely Parliament will not be prorogued without fram ing some measure, in the event of a deficient or wet har vest, for a supply of corn and flour from America, at a nominal duty, and should the Allwise Disposer of events bless us with a dry one, there will still require a very large importation. The recent agricultural meeting at Cam bridge is another trick of these aristocratical gentry, for the express purpose of keeping up rents and continuing the bread tax—as for scientific purposes it is a secondary consi deration, and mere cant and humbug. What a mass of misery does this diabolical law inflict on our starving population, in their manifold privations (of the really common necessaries of life). Much to their me dit, be it said, they have been peaceably disposed hitherto. The scanty allowance in many parts of the kingdom since the New Poor-law came into operation is scarcely enough to keep body and soul together, and although direct star vation is perhaps rarely a cause of death in this coun tr y , thousands die every year from diseases, produeCcl by want of proper and sufficient food—and to such extravagant prices have all the necessaries of life lately advanced (some of them caused by the cupidity of monopolists), that it is quite impossible for our poorer brethren to purchase them. Bread has been placed almost beyond their reach; and is this to be endured much longer? Arc the many to be sacrificed to the few ? Are the bounties of a kind Providence to he destroyed?—which is actually the case in America at this time, for want of a market to send their surplus corn and flour, in consequence of our scandalous Corn-law. Surely not. The eyes of the Legislature must be opened to the distress and misery it inflicts on the greater portion of the population of this kingdom. Should you be disposed to insert the foregoing observa tions, hastily penned, you will oblige, Dear Sir, your's faithfully, JOHN BARKER. Norwich, July 20, 1840. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR—Having seen in your independent journal of this 1 evening a letter signed " Secretarius," in which the writer points out what he regards as a coincidence be tween the pulsation of the human body and the hour of the day, perhaps you may be able to find room for a few words in explanation. Some years ago I frequently principle different made the experiment described, and always with a simi lar result ; but s ubsequent consideration compelled me ftroearacetehuantt w fo h r i t e b h e s phenomenon odoptedhy nn y When a person, knowing the actual hour of the day, and believing in the infallibility of the experi ment, undertakes to exhibit it to others, he natu• aTnhxiiso u n s e , r a v n o t o l s interested g i i n v e t s h e i o s e u r c e c a e s s e s d o f v velocity ra lly feels in a consid era bl e d egr e e exc i te d, i t a y t t t e o m t p h t e . EAST CUMBERLAND ELECTION.—An organ- circulation of the blood, which, communicating propor ized system was adopted, and successfully put in practice , for tionate energy to the pulse, a gradually extends the range putting down every speaker. 1\ ot a - single person was allr. , ed of the vibration of the shilling, so as t o ena ble it at length to be heard; and though the leaders evidently did not wish it to touch , d —(probably not being paid for that) —the followers eertan . ily . ass. No sooner, however, has the de acted most impartially—putting down with the most persevering sired o b. the D object been accomplished, than the agitation of the clamour every speaker, from the worthy High Sheriff (who is .ts performer subsides the , blood immediately obeys the in thorough-going a Tory in politics as he is an excellent man in fluence of this altered state of the feelings, the private life) to the most "base, bloody, and brutal Whig" upon o f the thumb rows weaker and the shilling is soon the hustings. This was evidently going beyond the bargain ,g ~ and some of the Tories, who were pro babl y at the making of found to be almost stationary. The truth of this theory it, were not a little annoyed by its being carried so far. It had is, I think, clearly proved by the fact, that the shilling evidently not been intended that the High Sheriff should be 1 may b e made to strike the glass any number of times, interrupted; but probably the instructions upon this point had I , not only from one to twelve, of the person who p erforms but from one to fi ft y or not been so legibly written as the c ries u p on the little " paper 1 pellets" which were so plentiftilly distributed amongst those more, according to the will who were sent to bawl, and hence the miscarriage of this part I the ex p eriment. —Your constant reader, lof the plot.—_ Carlisle ,Tournd. 1 London, July 22, MO. The gentleman showed the paper to a mandarin of his acquaintance, who advised the matter to be hushed up, giving as the reason for so doing that some manda rins might lose their lives it the existence of such a paper was known to the Emperor, who makes them an swer personally for every irregularity committed in their several districts. J. 'W. EVENING ED ITION DISCHARGE OF LOVETT AnD COLLINS. WARWICK, SATURDAY. Lovett and Collins were released this morning at six o'clock. They were met in the vicinity of the gaol by numerous friends, who congratulated them on the ter mination of their imprisonment. As soon as the firat congratulation was over, they conducted Messrs. Lovett and Collins to Mr. French's, where breakfast and every other refreshment were in readiness. Mr. Lovett bears; every evidence of a broken-down constitution. I need not hesitate declaring that a few more months in War wick gaol would have consigned him to his last resting place. Mr. Collins is not much alter'd in appearance. As soon as Messrs. Lovett and Collins had refreshed themselves and received the congratulations of their friends, Mr. Lovett expressed his readiness to meet the deputation from Birmingham. Messrs. Barlow anal Thompson were then introduced. Mr. Tl.omoson then rose, and, addressing Mr. Lo vett, said, " Sir, we have been deputed by the men of Birmingham to wait on you for the purpose of inducing you to alter your determination of not visiting that town oa Monday. if you were aware of the amount of public sympathy that prevails for you, I am inclined to think that you would not refuse the favour asked by the Birmingham people. As soon as you and ycut colleague, Mr. Collins, were sentenced, a Committee was formed in Birmingham, who opened a communica tion with the men of London, for the purpose of raising a joint fund for the support of both families. But, after some consultation, it was agreed that a fund for the be nefit of your family should be raised in London, and another for that of Mr. Collins' family at Birmingham. I assure you that the men of Birmingham, but for that decision, would have as willingly subscribed towards your family as Mr.Collins',as they deemed you both to be suf fering for the same cause, and for the tame offence—if of fence it can be called. To the last moment the men have coupled your name with Mr. Collins, and they ardently hope if peculiar circumstances, delicJey of health, or the dread of feeling any dangerous effects from excite ment, prevent your attending the dinner, that you will present yourself to them at least for an flour. You and Mr. Collins are looked upon by the country as martyrs, and as men to be its future guider." Mr. Lovett replied—" I receive with gratification the very kind expressions of attachment of the Bir mingham men conveyed to me through you.. I fee! particularly gratified with their pressing invitation, But about two months ago, when a conditional release wa offered us by Parliament, I received several letters from my friends in London requesting me not to go to Birming ham for certain reasons. Mr. Collins, the Member for Warwick, who has proved a sincere friend to us in our imprisonment, also pressed that recommendation. As. I had not then received any invitation, I promised to comply with the request. Having made that promise I cap not now break it. I have further reasons for declining the invitation. I allowed myself to be entered a regis tered proprietor of the Charter newspaper. During my imprisonment the paper failed, owing to the Stamp Office a debt of 61 /., exclusive of costs. My friends are ne gotiating with the Stamp-office an arrangement ; until. that is effected it would not be proper for me to appear in public. My health is also very bad. I trust that I have assigned strong reasons for declininc , the invitation of the men of Birmingham. lam exceedingly anxious that everything should be done to add to my friend's triumphal entry into arming-ham." Mr. Lovett ap peared quite exhausted at the close of his address The deputation then retired. After which, Messrs, Lovett and Collins proceeded to the house of Mr. Collins, M.P., to thank him for his kindness and atten tion. In consequence of Mr. Lovett's delicate state of health, he expressed a strong desire to leave here as soon as pcssihle for London. He was, however, very desirous to prolong his stay for the purpose of being. present at the banquet, prepared for him and his col league ; but his broken constitution proving unequal to the undertaking, he was most reluctantly compelled to proceed to London by the 12 o'clock mail. His departure sadly disappointed his frierds. The Pavilion in which the banquet took place wAs was most tastefully fitted up, and was adorned with profusion of laurels, flowers, &c. The sides were fes tooned with flags and banners, bearing the following in scriptions :—" Victory increases by Concord"—" Wel come Collins and Lovett, the liberated 'victims of thcs Charter"—" Liberty is the Birthright of Man"— " Union is Strength"—" Equal Rights and Equal Laws' Universal Suffrage, and no Surrender"—" Vote by Ballot," " Justice." Full length likenesses of Messrs. Frost, M'Douall, Taylor, Collins, O'Connor, and a drawing of the National Convention Hall, Bolt-court, occupied prominent positions amidst the banners. At eight o'clock the company assembled, and shortly after Mr. Cardo, the late delegate for Marylebone, was called upon to preside, Mr. Collins sitting at the right hand of the Chairman. Mr. Wheddon, of Leamington, occupied the Vice Chair. As soon as grace was pro nounced, and the cloth removed, the Chairman rose and proposed the following toast :—" The Queen, and may she comprehend the rights of her crown and learn to defend them." He accompanied the toast with a very appropriate address, in which he dwelt upon the sufferings of Messrs. Lovett and Collins, the abandonment of the rights of the people by the Crown, and the determination o f the released victims to assert the claims of their fellow-country men. The next - toast was to " Our liberated friends,. John Collins and William Lovett."--(lmmense cheer ing.) Mr. Collins said that he could not find language for since his releace he had re to express his feelings , ceived a mass of intelligence of a conflicting nature. He regretted to hear the Chairman say that he was looked upon by the country as its saviour. Woe to his country when its fate depended on any man, or any set of men. The people alone were the saviours of their country, and on them it depended. He could tales unfold—tales of torture inflicted in enlightened Englaild —in England which sends her missionaries to Chris tianize distant climates—in England which expended' 20,000,000/. in the redemption of slaves—that would disgnce even the Spanish Inquisition in its worst days. Difficulties should not damp their spirit or relax their exertions ; but should, on the contrary, stimulvte them to renewed vigour. He would again, it' necessary, re peat the same nets for which he suffered. For six months after their imprisonment they had not tatted animal food, and at the expiration of that period tiboy were indulged twice a-week with about a quarter of a pound of such meet as would sicken the strongest stomach. When they complained of not having got, half a pound of meat, as they were ordered to have, two days in the week, they were told that, although they had it not in a solid they had it in a soluble state. Mr. Collins then described a course of petty and vexatious tyranny that had been practised towards hint and Mr. Lovett, the recital of which excited one gene ral burst of indignation amongst the auditory. Mr. Collins acknowledged the exertions made in his and Mr. Lovett's behalf by Messrs. Collins, Duncombe, Waklev, Lord Brougham, Sergeant Talfourd, Mr. War‘aurton, and Mr. Place. He concluded a most powerful and affecting address, by an appeal on behalf of the other Chartists confined in the several gaols throughout England, many of whom, he was sorry to say, were all but forgotten, and repeated his devotion ' to the cause, and his willingness to meet again all the terreis of a prison, sooner than desert it. THE DINNER TO MESSRS. LOVETT AND COLLINS IN LONDON. The Committee for conduct:ng the above diluter, have received letters from Mr. Lovett on the subj.tct, from which the following are extracts : " Warwick Gaol, June 19, 1840. My dear Moore—Previous to receivicg your letter, I bad resolved to set off immediately on my re lease for Cornwall, to see an anxious and fond parent, as w cil as to recruit my strength, for though I am tolerably well health, taking all circumstances into account, I feel very w eakly and think that I should greatly benefit by such a journey. But as my kind friends and associates have judged it advisable to welcome my return by a public dinner, I should be wanting in justice and grati tude not to set aside my private feelings in compliance with their s'tshes ; the only reservation on my part being that they v; ill not enter into any extra expenses to make it a subject for display of any kind. I shall therefore have great pie.aure in being with them on that occasion. " I am your obniced affectinz‘ate fellow-citizen, " WILLIAM LOVETT." Warwick Gaol, 2, 1840. "My Dear Moore—l hope by the help of the surgeon, and by the prospect of a speedy de;ivcrance, to be in tolerable health by the 3d of August. " I am happy to hear that friend Powell will be with. us on that occasion. Mr. Collins is in pretty good health, and the time you have selected will suit him very well. Your's " WILLIAM LOVETT.".: ANTI SLAVERY CON VENTION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR—I beg to state throug h your columns, that ist Seniir the Luis de Usoz-y-Rio , whose name appears in the lof General Anti- Slavery Converiti•)n, N. 431, was intro duced as a gentleman from Madrid, and not as a delete from that city. I am, kc., J. H. TREDGOLD, Secretary. ASSESSED TAXES.--L;AUTION.—..kn elderly agricultural gentleman appealed at Greenock against the of his assessed taxes . " I am char g ed, " sai d he to the amountb encii, .. e ight s hillings for a watch dog ! I have only a coc k er — a little thing." " Indeed !" says the advocate fo: the " then ' In place of eight, you trust now pay fourte..en Nt' hat for—it's but a little a n i ma l ?" " Ay," was the reply, " but it's a game dog—a cocker—and from the fourteen shillings I am sorry I can't make the slightest abatement." The discomfited agriculturist paid his taxes, with the determination, no doubt, to keep a stricter watch over his canine establishment. The other case was that of a legal gentleman, who unfortunately sealed his appeal with his pencil case, on which was engraven a small crest. With great want of luck he was not only amerced in the full amount of hi* assessment, but was assessed in the further sum of IL 4s, for armorial bearings,--Paisley Advertiser.