The Sun. — London, England, 1840-09-10 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION,. ;SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY. ( From the Globe.) The intelligence from Alexandria is brought down to August :29. The Paella obstinately adhered to his re jection of the conditions of the treaty entered into by the four Powers, and was preparing to defend his pos session of Syria with all the force he could collect. The determination of France to take no part in the quarrel, but to preserve a strict neutrality, had been communi cated to the Pacha, and was publicly known. This had greatly dispirited his subjects, who are aware that to provoke the hostility of the combined force of the four contracting Powers must prove a hopeless contest ; either of tue four would, singlehanded, be more than a match for tsuy force he could bring against it. An armistice of ten days had been agreed to by Commodore Napier, which terminated on the day of the departure of the vessel by which the intelligence was forwarded to Eng lend. tens force., under Commodore Napier. stationed off Beyrout, consisted of the Benbow, 7 ; the Thun derer, 84 ; Powerful, 84 ; Edinburgh, 7:2 ; the Castor frigate, and the Gorgon steamer ; a force sufficient to carry destruction along the coasts of the Paella, with out any counteracting means st his disposal to check its operations. It was reported, with considerable con fidence in its truth, that the English commander had taken several small vessels bearing tke Pacha's flag, and also a large frigate ; the latter had but six guns on board, and offered no resistance. The inhabitants of Syr;a were represented as exceedingly disaffected to the Paella, and almost unanimous in their wish to be restored to the dominion at the Sultan. The Turco- Egyptian fleet, the possession of which was supposed to tuld materially to the Paella's means of resistance, will prove but a sorry auxiliary to his cause. Its con dition, the mixed character of its crews, and the in efficiency of the system of naval tactios employed by its commanders, render that fleet anything but formid able. Were the British commander des:reus of de stroying that fleet in the harbour, a very few hours would serve to accomplish its destruction. It seems difficult to account for the refusal of the Pacha to accept the terms of the treaty, except by the fact of his characteristic obstinacy, to which age, though it has weakened his other powers, seems to have imparted addi tional strength. It is possible that reflection, aided by the cennsels of those who possess the means of know ing the relative strength of the contending parties, and whose fidelity to his interests have given them a just claim on his confidence, may yet induce an acceptance of the proffered terms. If the Pacha still persist, the contest will be short, and the issue certain. A letter addressed by Commodore Napier to the British Consul says—" I am glad to inform you, on unquestionable au thority. of the important fact, that the nephew of the Emir Pacha has sent in his adhesion to the Sultan, and only waits the appearance of his master's flag to declare himself. lam also gratified to learn that a considerable European force will be landed with the Sultan's troops at Beyrout. Without this, any effective operation in Syria would be attended with very hazardous delay." The first blow was expected to be struck in Syria about the 10th of September. We observe that the Belgian papers have been lately engaged, pro and con., in a discussion which we regard, to say the least, as superfluous. They have been dis cussing what part should be taken by Belgium in case of a continental war ; and they appear to have for gotten the very conditions of the existence of Belgium, although that country has been so recently constituted. The Indspendant, in answer to some rash suggestions of the other papers, gravely propose s that, in case of war, Belgium should declare to the Powers who were contracting parties to the Treaty of April, 1839, that Belgium was determined to remain neutral. As if there were any great merit in sech a declaration ; or as if Belgium had so much as any choice on the subject ! It appears to be forgotten by our Brussels Contempo raries, that by the 7th article of the Treaty of 1831 and by the 7th article of the Treaty of 1839, Belgium +engaged to maintain perpetual neutrality. It would be well if our Belgian friends would study a little more carefully the treaties to which they owe their recent ex istence as an independent nation; and it is to be hoped that they have no intention of violating, or admitting violation, of those treaties, either by departing from their engaged neutrality, or by sacrificing in any way their national independence. (From the Standard.) DISTURBANCES IN PARIS. We are glad to learn, from accounts received this morning, that although Paris was in a state of the highest eaccitemeat and alarm at the time our Cor respondent despatched his communication, no actual collision bad taken place between the people and the military, aced consequently no blood was shed. We have copied into another column the letters of our Morning Contemporaries' Parisian Correspondents, wloch confirm the fact that affairs had assumed a most alarming aspect ; and great fears were entertained by some that an outbreak would take place in the course of Monday night, while others, on the contrary, thought that the public tranquillity of the capital would not be fertile.. disturbed. All accounts agree in stating, that a perfect panic agitated the Bourse on Monday, and caused the or . nat fall of five per cent. mentioned by our Correspondent. Whether the decline was owing entirely to the discontented spirit of a portion of the Parisian public, or to the warlike appearance of the political at mosphere in the East, we cannot attempt to determine ; but we think it most probable that it might fairly be attri buted to a combination of both these circumstances. 'Tice whole of the French papers of Monday eenfirnt the statement that the conduct of the Pariiian operatives had begun to assume a very forrni (Lbie share. The streets of the Faubourgs St. Auto ee and St. Marceau were filled with masses of idle :shouters, and as the day advanced attempts were made ao erect barricades. For a short time a dangerous col -53i0:1 appeared imminent, but the city was imme e+ately catered with ational Guards, troops of the line, and Municipal Guards, who immediately sup pressed all attempts at disturbance, and made prisoners ,f the leading offenders. A rumour was current is ''.iris confirmatory of the belief that has been ing entertained, of the existence of a secret Treaty between France and Mehemet Ali. The t'arisian Journals appear to he exceedingly ex asperated by the last accounts from Beyrout. The Dchals and Courrier Francais indeed profess to disbe there that a course so utterly repugnant to good faith can have been committed. There is still very arent activity observable in the marine and military eepartments of France ; preparations, indeeti, on a scdl,l which would lead to the inference that it is the intention of both services to place the army and navy on a war footing. All this would seem to harmonise but little with her pacific assurance. The Debuts adds, that in the event of any roup the Cham'sers will be isorneidietely convoked. On the other hand, the Four Powers, with the exception of Great Britain, appear to be not wholly unmindful of the threatening aspect of Of tirs. A letter from Milan, of the 29th ult.. announces a great movement of troops . in Venetian L o mb ar dy. At V en i ce th e num ber of operatives employed in the arsenal has been tripled, and they are working day and night to com plete the armaments of ships destined to join the 'Austrian squadron in the Levant. Extraordinary levies of seamen are also quietly being made in the districts of Chiezza, Malarnocco, Tusina, and Mestre. At Peschiera and Verona, great numbers of workmen were employed in repairing the fortifications. From 'ilan to Venice the country is covered with troop?, and the villages are filled with German and Hunga rian battalions. (From the Courier.) news from bnina by the overland India dispatch, al:I/cough indicating teat the dawn is overcast, And heavily in clouds brings on the day, Big with the fate"— a . f the Celestial Empire, conveys nothing beyond the of hostie fleets and armies in motion for their destination. We may now therefore shortly look for tome decisive action in that quarter of the globe. filo intelligence from India politically is of an unfa vourable cast. b eg i nn i ng e are now to feel the thorns after gathering the laurels of victory in Affrhanistan in .he faithf u l accomp li s h ment of tho se prognostications t .rhich first and exclusively the Courier ventured to make at the ti me , a f ter a' carefu l review of the policy by which the Affghan expedition was di c t a ted and the wast e f a l and weakening consequences of so far and unprofitably extending th e li m i ts o f Eastern Tic co the empir e . ' country has paid dearly al ready for the Ea r ld om of Auckland, but the full cost if the barren conquest of Cabul is a lam e calculati on o f y e ars to come, which may no t be measured fractional proportion incurred to this day, burdensome ensbY the that confessedly is. Our cause of quarrel with )ost Mahomed was of the most flimsy material, and lqst easy •f arrangement ; but the martial prop n _ities of the Gov ernor-General, lit tle dreamed of heere ....lto:l,g those who knew the then-meek President of the !loard of Trade, have led him to aspire to the part of the Macedonian King, though, reversing the order of -.larch of that great conqueror, the hoast of Auckland Jtac been to roil back the tide of war towards the Perse -ars of Alexander. It will be seen that the sensual cff eninate Shah Soojah, who, at the point of Bri .. ,') bayonets, was replaced on a throne he was too Starito hold among a warl ike p o p ulation, has not ^_trot wil , dom from Adversity nor derived courage from hardships of exile. He is without subjects or party .a a State of which re-constituted the Sovereign, and a ountry won for him by a foreign sword we now find Only by that sword be kept in allegiance. As if the -overnmel l t or superintendence of some eighty mil lions of people were too light a matter for the grave attenti,n of a Whig statesman, Lord Auckland with meddlin g zeal, has carved out work for himself and his successors some fifteen hundred miles distance ft tl And not alone does the ngly despise and annihi lig reckless calculations of lions also. And millions lutes of Cabul, without the I Ile re t urn , as if cast at once of the ocean. The whole t attracting now so little of i from the seat of empire leftr.tigglibidt phis • in darin l n - • ime in hi s ai t 2 but - co, t ' -,-01 mope by mil as i n .,:trievably lest I .. ,:th e wa s ag,.;4hte, chance of a pt atabli into the u,ifatho tnable'. pths Of 1 4 dian polio albeit public attention, is fraught with utmost peril to our In dian rule. And this truth is in train of fearful develop ment by . events, hoxever in the pride of easy success, we may now unreasonably overlook the inevitab'e flow of certain consequences from causes in operation. FROM THE MOONING PAPERS CP THIS DAY. (From the Times.) RAILWAY ACCIONTS. — In discharge of ti.e duty we have undertaken of promoting inquiry into the causes of railroad accidents, and the means by which the public may be best protected against their occur rence, we have given insertion during the past week to se veral letters upon that subject. The more wein quire, the more thoroughly we are convinced, that in the arrangements made by the Railway Companies the safety of their passengers is constantly overlooked, and motives of economy are suffered to interfere with the use of those precautions, without which frequent acci dents will be inevitable. While these Companies think proper to employ as engine -drivers persons totally unacquainted with the machinery of the steam-engine, and unable to measure the degree of power which may be commanded without positive danger, they nevertheless wilfully neglect to adopt such a construction of their engines as might ope rate of its own acct rd to control the rashness or the incapacity of their servants. A correspondent, whose letter we inserted yesterday, has reminded us that every steam-engine in factories is provided with a piece of mechanism (the invention of James Watt) called a regulator, or " governor," by means of which it is prevented from ever exceeding the maximum speed compatible with the objects for which it is intended. There are many ways in which this invention might be applied without the least inconvenience to the engines used upon railways :—" A horizontal wheel, for in stance," says our correspondent of yesterday, " might be employed, so constructed as that its circumference would by the centrifugal force increase or diminish ac cording to its rate of speed, and so press with more or less force upon the salve, called the neck or throttle valve, which regulates the rush of steam into the cylinder." Had this invention been adopted, it would have been impossible for the engine lately driven by the unfortunate Foster upon the Eastern Counties Railway to have attained that frightful de gree of speed which ended in the fatal occurrences so painfully fresh in our memory. We call upon the railway proprietors to give the public for the future the benefit of this precaution, and entirely to abandon the practice of entrusting the conduct of trains to any but skilful and regularly-educated engineers. There is another point in the construction of railroad engines which equally requires to be reformed. The use of four-wheeled engines, which are much less steady, and have a much greater tendency to run off the rail than th at which are constructed with six wheels, ought to be discontinued ; or, if not voluntarily discontinued, pro hibited by law. It was a four-wheeled engine which carried the train over the embankment on the Eastern Counties Railway on the 19th of last month ; and we believe that such engines are in general use on that line, as well as on the London and Birmingham line, and on several others. They are recommended by their advocates on the ground of cheapness and superior speed (though in the latter point their superiority is questioned), and some feeble attempts have been made to prove that they are equally safe with the other kind. But what are the facts ? In the first place, we need not point out to our readers the obvious gain, in point of steadiness, by an increase in the length and weight of the engine ; in point of adhesion, by the increased number of points in contact with the rail, and (conse quently) of impediments to deviation. Those who may feel an interest in the scientific discussion of this sub ject, will find it well treated in the Railway Times of Saturday last, from which we quote the following : " Any one who will take the trouble may see, that while t he motion of a six-wheeled engine is comparatively steady, that of a four-wheeled engine is attended with con stant jumps, and that the slightest obstruction throws the leading wheels up on the rail, on which they fall again with considerable force." The writer proceeds to show that this pitching, added to the rocking which he had previously mentioned and attributed to the same cause, is productive of several very serious results— first, of the destruction of the permanent way ; secondly, of a greatly increased wear and tear of machinery ; and, thirdly, of extreme danger to the public. " Four wheeled engines," h e sa y s , " w h en mov i ng at hi g h velo cities, have b ee n k nown t o j um p completely off the rails, and carry the train with them, when no cause could be found for the accident in the derangement of the rails or engine. The breaking of an axle in the four-wheeled engine must, almost inevitably, be attended with the overturn of the engine and train, an accident to which a six-wheeled engine is not so liable, from the shocks to the axles not being so great ; and which, if it did occur, would not necessarily produce the same frightful results, as a considerable portion of the weight would be supported by the other four wheels." He informs us of an im portant experiment, which seems to be conclusive upon this subject, having been tried on the Greenwich Rail way. The four-wheeled engines in use on that line having been observed to pitch to an alarming extent, an additional pair of wheels was introduced under the fire-box of one of them, in order to correct this ten dency ; and the engine, though unaltered in every other respect, was found to run much better after the change. The writer concludes by citing the opi nions of most of the leading engineers of the day, and especially the Messrs. Stephenson, as to the su periority, not only in point of safety, but also in every other respect, of the six-wheeled engine. The elder Mr. Stephenson himself employed four-wheeled en. nines on the Manchester and Liverpool Railroad, till experience led him to adopt the improvement of six wheels, a:id to that he has ever since adhered. The facts thus stated in the Railway Times, as to the dangerous properties of four-wheeled engines, will be found, by any of our readers who may take the trouble to compare them with the evidence given before the Coroner on occasion of the late accident, to throw important light upon the causes of that occurrence. 'fne careful management which we are bound to ac knowledge in the Directors of the London and Birming ham Railway Company have been as yet successful in preventing any similar event upon that line ; but we are not without fears that the greatly accele rated speed at which their trains are now fre quently in the habit of travelling may soon be attended with some disaster ; and we have personally experienced a most unpleasant and even alarming degree of rocking upon that railway, in carriages near the engine, which is not felt upon the Great Western Railway (where six-wheeled engines are in use), even when the train is moving at a still greater velocity. L. addition to the points on which we have now been dwelling as to the construction of engines, a corre spondent of this morning brings to our notice another topic of great importance—namely, the open and de fenceless state in which the railway companies are suf fered to leave the sides of those high and precipitous embankments, on the summits of which their rails are so often laid. Notwithstanding the frighful peril to which travellers are exposed, in the too possible event of an engine going off the rail in these places, no precau tions are taken against such an occurrence ; and when it does happen, nothing but the interposition of a mer ciful Providence can prevent the lives of hundreds of human beings from being sacrificed in a moment. Our correspondent suggests the obvious security of a slope or mound of earth raised above the road on each side of every embankment, at such a height, and of such a thickness, as to resist the impetus of an engine at full speed etriking it at the angle which experience may render probable. He informs us that the Manchester and Liverpool Company have, much to their credit, adopted this principle, and constructed fences of this description upon all their embankments within the last year. We trust that other compeniee will follow so excellent an example of their own accord, or, it not, that means be found to compel them. The public have much reason to complaie of the slender and insufficient barriers with which most of the railways are guarded, not upon the embankments only, but upon other parts of the road ; they are easily broken by cattle, and many accidents happen from that cause. The remarks which we feel it our duty to make upon this subject will, doubtless, appear to chairmen and directors, and jobbers in railway shares, to be dic tated by mere prejudice, or by an abstract "spite" against railways. We are happy to be sub jec t t o t h at imputation in company with the greatest men of the day. The South Western Railway Company seem at first to have supposed that they could cajole the Duke of Wellington in c ompliance withtheir humo urs by placing a train always at his disposal—an honour which, we are carefully informed, is paid to no other private subject : and now they (or some of them) ap pear to think that by grumbling, cavilling, and insi nuating unworthy motives, they can deter him from his jealous observation of their defects. But the Duke is a man " Whose honesty is not So loose and easy, that a ruflfing wind Can blow it loose, or glittering look it blind." While the compliments and the manners of rail way proprietors alike pass by him " as the idle wind, which he regards not," he doubtless preserves, alta menle repostunz, the memory of that day on which the first railroad ever made in England was opened, and of the illustrious victim whom his eyes then saw immolated before the car of successful enterprise. He observes the grasping and monopolizing spirit of these companies, the negligence and insecurity of their arrangements, the daily and hourly losses of human life forced upon the public notice, and be knows that these' are but a small proportion of the losses which actually occur. He therefor e stands forward, and we hope lie may long continue to stand forward, worthily of himself, as a vigilant protector of the public interest against the interest of pecuniary speculators ; and he keeps a jea lous eye upon them and their proceedings. We shall bring prominently forward those facts which the people are most concerned to know, relying upon him and other patriotic statesmen to give ultimate effect to such suggestions (if such we should be enabled to offer) as may require and be found mor nd ,. worthyiig c of h ic a ro l n egis le la .) tiv e sancti on . (From the Our Correspondent in the capital of Turkey persists ' TRE SUN', LONDON, TIITIRSnAY. SEPTEMBER 10 1840 in announcing that a fleet of transports is about to convey a Turkish force to the coast of Syria. Considerable alarm and doubt exist on this subject in Paris. The French have made up their minds to tolerate the block ade, even if put in force by the rigorous hand of Napier ; but if to this be superadded a disembarkation in Syria, they declare Mehemet released from his promise of not passing the Taurus—they consider his doing so as likely, and deem, therefore, war as getting still more within the range of possibilities. Still all this is specu'a tion and conjecture. Though it be assumed in Paris that Ibrahim will advance on Constan tinople, we are inclined to doubt this. In an arti cle which we have copied from the Maltese Times, very weighty reasons are given for the opi nion that it , A ould be absolute madness in Ibrahim to advance on Constantinople. The Four Powers, how ea er, have, no doubt, in their arrangements, allowed for such a contingency ; and, so long as they act honestly in the spirit of their treaty, we cannot believe that the French Government will so far forget itself as to hazard a war for the sake of upholding a monster like Mehemet Ali. Whatever selfish designs the French may have on Egypt a n d Sy r i a , s till th e Pacha is a sub ject of the Porte, and the French cannot take the part of a rebellious subject for the sake of their own ag grandizement, without exciting a feeling of indigna tion against them throughout Europe. There is a material difference between the vapouring of irre sponsible journalists, and the decision of a Govern ment ; and we will not believe in the possibility of France committing the unspeakable folly (to say nothing of wickedness) of embroiling Europe in war for Mehemet Ali. It is affirmed in Paris that the Austrian Government declares that it never contemplated a land ing of its own or of other troops in Syria. We attach little credit to these reports, believing, as we do, that the Austrian Government takes no step without carefully weighing the consequences ; and it must have known, when it became a party to the treaty, that Turkey can not be prevented from levying and making war on a re bellious vassal. Still, whatever our persuasion may be, we must not shut our eyes to what is going on. The French Government has concluded a contract for 20,000 horses at 850 francs a piece, which makes an immense outlay, utterly useless, in case of peace. The dread of war and the desire of peace are great as ever. But the Minister seems to feel that beyond Syria for life the Pacha can make no concession to the Four Powers, un less, indeed, that a successful insurrection of the Druses drive Ibrahim from Syria ere the close of the autumn. In that case the French might accept les faits accoin plis ; but should the Syrian insurrection fail, and more stringent measures be resorted to, such as the employ ment of the troops of any of the Four Powers, then the Chambers would be convoked, and the question of peace or war would be decided by their vote. Much, then must depend on the sucess of the attempt to create an insurrection in Syria, in depriving the French of even a pretext for interfering in behalf of the Pacha. (From the Morning Herald.) The movements of the Parisian operatives would ap pear to be much more serious than they were at first apprehended to be. In France there has, for more than fifty years, existed a body of men, who cling to the pro ject of what they style," social reform," and who regard mere political changes as being in themselves absolutely unimportant. The doctrines, which in this country constitute " Owenism," or " Socialism," are, with slight exceptions, the doctrines avowed by Robespierre, and the " reformers" of his school. Robespierre, although a great political " reformer," looked on all political " reforms" as merely preludes to the great change which he aimed at effecting in the relations that connect the rich with the poor, the capitalist with the labourer. Robespierre took part in the war against kings, nobles, and priests ; but he regarded the war against shop keepers, money-owners. and contractors, as a war in which it was far more necessary that " the people" should engage. Robespierre triumphed' over the monarchy, the nobility, and the priesthood of France. He fell before the influence of the shopkeepers and the contractors. The opinions entertained by Robespierre are, at this mo ment, the opinions of a formidable body of men in France. The " Owenites," or "Socialists," in England hold nearly the same doctiines as Robespierre did in relation to the institution of property—although the " Socialists" disclaim the use of force in the attempt to attain their ends. In the United States, again, doctrines nearly akin to those of Socialism are avowed by the " workies" and the " locofocos." The French revolution of 1830 called into dangerous activity the sentiments which had animated Robespierre and his party forty years before. The revolution of the " three days" was a revolution' of which the object was the subversion of monarchical and aristocratical power. In effecting that revolution the middle classes and the operatives of Paris made common cause ; yet eaeh class cherished very different hopes from the issue of the struggle. The middle classes meant simply to secure for themselves all the power which they sought to wrest from the Monarch and the aristocracy ; and the middle classes succeeded in the attainment of their ends. They succeeded, however, by the co-operation of the mechanics and artizans of Paris, who, in truth, decided the struggle. The allies of the middle classes in 1830 have, how ever, proved their deadly enemies ever since. The labourers of Paris hoped to secure for themselves a monopoly of political power by means of universal suffrage. They have less influence now, perhaps, than they possessed in the time of Charles the Tenth. Wages are no better now than ten years ago ; work is not more abundant : the power of wealth, on the other hand, is far greater—greater by the full extent of that diminution to which the mo narchical power has been subjected. These are not the results for which the operatives of Paris fought behind the barricades in 1830 ; these are not the results to which the middle classes taught the operatives at that time to look forward. The operatives, then, deceived themselves ; and the middle classes, for their own ends, connived at the deception. Since the " glorious three days," the state of society in France has been utterly rotten. Class has been arrayed against class, with a bitterness scarcely known in 1792. A supple mental revolution of some sort is, sooner or later, ine vitable. In England, we have witnessed the same thing on a smaller scale. Our revolution of 1832 in volved the tranfcrence of a large measure of political power from the aristocracy to the middle classes ; and our revolution of 183i2, like the French revolution of 1830, was brought about by a union between the middle and the labouring classes. To secure the co-operation of the labouring classes, the middle classes promised what they never meant to perform : hence their victory has not been unassociated with bitterness. All that hatred of monarchy, and of aristocracy, which a portion of the middle classes in this country succeeded during the period of the Reform Bill in exciting amongst the order of labourers, has been, at length, transferred to the middle classes themselves. The shop-keepers—the borough " ten pounders" —are, at this moment, hated by the labour ers throughout England with a hatred such as . was never exhibited towards the Monarch or the nobility. Verily, the deceivers of the people both in France and England have their reward ! What the issue of the present state of things in France may be, it is difficult even to guess at. The extent of the combination which prevails amongst the workmen is yet undeveloped —their schemes arc yet unrevealed. Louis Philippe, moreover, is a man of consummate ability—a man ad mirably fitted to turn all the resources at his disposal to the best possible account in repressing insurrection. But let Louis Philippe do what he may, he cannot control the influence which the anti-property theory has long exercised over the minds of the operatives of Paris. That theory is destined, sooner or later, to embody itself in action ; and the action must be revolutionary. (From the Morning Advertiser.) The Times continues to labour in its profligate and unpatriotic vocation of doing everything in its power, by pure inventions and gross misrepresentations, to increase the embarrassments with which the Foreign Administration of the country is, unhappily, encom passed. After cataloguing the various powers with which England is at variance, and creating quarrels where none exist, the Times proceeds to ascribe all our difficulties to the alleged imbecility or culpable negligence of Ministers. Of course the inference which the Times deduces from all this is, that there ought to be an immediate transfer of the reins of Government from the hands of the present Administration to those of her Majesty's Opposition. To reason with the Times, or to expect that Journal to re nounce an error when convictej of it, were just as foolish an undertaking as it would have been to have engaged in the hopeless enterprise of reclaiming Ferdinand Mendez Pinto from his habits of systematic and supreme falsehood when that gentleman was in the zenith of his glory. The Times is incurably con firmed in its profligacy, and, like all practised criminals, perpetrates its deliberate delinquencies without a blush. Nor is this all. Let no one credit the mendacities of ' the Times, when that journal asserts or insinuates, that we are unprepared for war. Though every thing has been done by Lord Palmerston, which could be done, consistently with national interests and the national honour, to avoid hostilities with the Powers which have been for some time so eagerly seeking a ground I of quarrel with us, the Noble Lord has been saga. cious enough to anticipate such a contingency, and hers made all the requisite preparations for any emer gency that may occur. Do not the latest advices from China clearly prove, that a powerful expedition has been promptly fitted out in the East Indies, for the purpose of treating the " celestial" gentry to a taste of the logic which proceeds from the cannon's mouth— the only species of logic which, it would appear, they Are capable of comprehending ? In the case of Me hemet Ali, az ah it will, it we be not grievously mis taken, be found, Cie the lapse of one little month, that there has been no remissness , no indecision, no want of activity either at the Foreign or the Admiralty Office. It were, perhaps, going too far to say, that the Ti mes should the whole of the Pacha's fleet be shivered to pieces at the first onset of our ships—be convinced that Lord Palmerston has not been all the while asleep at his post ; but if there be no reason to hope for a change of opinion on the part of the Times on this point, there is at least some ground to expect that we may be able forthwith to proselytise Me Ali to our views. Here we may observe, by way of parenthesis, that the Jove of Puddledock, with its pro verbial consistency in its inconsistencies—we hope there is no Irishism in the expression —after having belaboured Ministers for making no preparations at ail for war is the East, actually proceeds to hurl his thunderbolts at their heads because Captain Napier has, before the expiration of the time allowed Mehemet Ali to de cide on the ultimatum of the Four Powers, seized a number of his vessels. How the Gallant Officer con trived to capture these vessels without any preparations for war having been made by this country, is a trifling difficulty which we leave the Times to explain ; but we beg to inform our Contemporary that Captain Napier has been guilty of no precipitancy, nor of any infraction of the spirit or terms of the Treaty of London in cap turing the Pacha's vessels, inasmuch as it was done by the Sultan's commands, he being determined to punish his rebel subjects, and not by the authority of the Eng lish Government. The remarks we have made in vin dication of Lord Palmerst2ti supersede the necessity of any reply to the references to his Lordship contained in the letter of our private correspondent in Alexandria. Both the Emperor of China and Mehemet Ali, and any other power that may be disposed to provoke us to hostilities, will, we say again, soon discover to their cost, that though we may not, like our noisy neigh bours in France, have been blustering and vapouring about the extent of our preparations for war, we are sufficiently prepared for any emergency, be what it may, which can possibly occur. NIONE Y MARKET and CITY NEWS - - (WEDESDAY EVENING.) CHRONICLE.—The news from Egypt and India, politically, have not been looked upon favourably in the City, and certainly do not afford as yet any features of a very encouraging character to support the value of the public securities. Although the last published ac counts in the Morning Papers represent the emeutes at Paris as being suppressed, the next advices from that quarter are anxiously expected. The public still remain holders of stock, but they have not appeared much as buyers upon the fall, and the Bull party has become considerably weaker. Several heavy sales for money have been made by large capi talists lately, and some influential speculators for the rise are known to be getting out of stock, but the small bona fide holders do not appear to have been shaken in their confidence that peace will be main tained. Tlie reported curtailment of the honours of Commis sioner Lia has given some confidence to the expecta tion that the Chinese expedition will be the means of bringing about a speedy renewal of our intercourse with the Celestial empire. Our Indian contemporaries appear doubtful whether the opium trade will be legalised by means of the ex pedition or not. They incline to think that it has been left an " open question," to be dealt with accord ing to circumstances—either to remain a sort of demi legal, half-and-half le g itimate, half-smuggli ng t ra d e , if the Chinese sho we d adecided wish for the maintenance of the status quo in that respect, or to be placed on a proper commercial basis as a fair article of trade, if that measure can be accomplished. The preponder ance of opinion in the Indian press, however, is that it will be left just where it was five years ago, forbid den as a capital offence by the Chinese law, but ac tually countenanced and encouraged by the Chinese authorities. This is not likely. The facts just stated, that the trade in opium, although nomi nally contraband, was actually encouraged by the Chinese Government, furnished the leaders of the ex. pedition, and those who will have to deal with the Chinese on the part of Great Britain, with power ful grounds for insisting that the past anoma lous state of things shall cease, and that the trade in opium shall be placed on a fair and legal footing. There is no doubt entertained that the powerful fleet which was expected to reach China in the month of June would speedily demolish the Bogue forts, and that the land force would also do their work with celerity. But those who knew the Chinese character best, anticipate considerable delay and evasion in the subsequent nego tiations, and think it may be necessary to make the truth known by a demonstration on Pekin. It is also con sidered doubtful by some whether, when the trade is re-opened, a stock of any adequate amount of tea will be found to buy from in Canton ; but this, we believe, proceeds from neglecting to consider the commercial character and cunning of the people. When a trade again exists, the Chinese will soon find means to supply the demand. The con temptuous silence with which the Viceroy of Canton treats the petition of the American merchants for leave to open their holds is highly characteristic, but the do cument itself is important, as showing that they would implicitly observe the blockade, if, indeed, any doubts remained on that point. It is manifest that there will be an average importation of tea, and that, with the stock now in hand in this country, we have no reason to anticipate any deficiency in that article before the next shipping season. The proscriptive edict of the trade with the Americans has been winked at by Governor Lin, and we observe that the opium sales of the Corn pany's territories have gone off briskly, and at a high figure. HERALD.—Now let any man read the list of prices (of stock) here quoted, and consult the official list besides, which will be found below, and calmly contemplate the wreck of property therein exhibited. The unfortunate people who have invested temporarily or permanently are despoiled already to the amount probably of some millions, for it must be borne in mind that however comparatively harmless may be the damage to the rich capitalist, who invests his money in securities by way of assuring an annual and durable interest, or what he may esteem a fair chance of it, the case is far otherwise with a mass of persons who lodge their spare moneys in funded and share funds from day to day only as it were, and in order to derive something in the shape of a return interest until they are wanted for other purposes, such as more extended employ ment according to season in their own trade, or the payment of bills falling due. Those in this unlucky position are of course cut to pieces on the sudden by a reverse of values impossible to foresee. The mischief, however, is not confined to a tall in values only, which might be retrieved by more fortunate or prudent operations on other occasions, but results in a total prostration of all values, by the absence of a market and the almost impossibility of converting the security article into hard cash in the hour of utmost need. For, as before ob served in respect of railway shares, the quotations are not more than nominal, and could not be re alised to any extent by holders whose necessities should force them to attempt sales. Bankers neither in town or country will any longer accommodate in credit account on the faith of securities of this class, but, as is well known, are on the contrary calling in their credits on all hands and compelling customers either to redeem and withdraw the sort of delcrederes so lodged, or to reinforce them with others of a more tangible and marketable description. This restriction everywhere of banking facilities is of course the natural consequence of the embroiled state of political affairs, that is of foreign relations, which renders the eventuality of a general war so probable that no man of common precaution could fail to perceive the expediency of placing his house in order and being prepared for the worst. TIMES.—The letters of this morning from Man chester are much occupied with the recent failure, al ready adverted to, of Mr. Henry Forth, commission agent for the sale of manufactured goods, and the pro bable consequences to which it may lead. A meeting of his creditors had been summoned by circular for the 15th inst., but so little was known in the meantime of the extent of his liabilities, that they are variously set down at from 90,0001. to 350,0001. His business in that line was one of the largest in Manchester, and the trade of the place is said to have been so much disturbed by the event, that confidence was generally shaken and few transactions entered into. Some further failures are s ated to have taken place yesterday. Some steps of a ra ther unusual kind in banking affairs have been resorted to by the Commercial Bank of Manchester to enable them to continue business, one of which is a proposition to those who had deposits with them previous to the sus pension, to allow them to be retained on payment of interest at the rate of ti per cent. per annum. They were also offering the same extra rate of interest for addi tional loans, to enable them to avoid for the present bringing to market any of their securities in cotton mills and mac hiner y, w hi c h cou ld not fail, in the exist ing state of a ffairs, t o prove utter ly ruinous. A correspond ent calls attent i on t o the cotton shrub of Bourbon Island, as su i ta bl e f or c ultivation in Bengal and Orissa, if not in other provinces of India. The advantages proposed by the use of this cotton is , that it is of a finer quality, and much longer in the fibre, than th a t p rod ucedfrom the Bengal plant. An experiment was made on the shrub by a gentleman residing at B a l asore, who having obtained a large quantity of the see d , tried it on a tract of land which he considered favourable. Having been sown about a fortnight before the commencement of the perio dical rains, the germs came up in about six wee ks, a nd flourished l uxur i antly during the first year. In the second year it had the appearance of a ramous shrub. It should be remarked that the shrub is not an rin nual, like th e B engal plant, but a perenn ial, which does not begin to bear fruit till it has been sown for three years. The seeds on which the experiment was made were found to be fruitful in the third . year, the crop was abu n d ant, the pods full, b ut unfortunately this produce was damaged through being satura t ed w ith wet, the rain s not having ceased. The samples, how ever, that were saved proved equal, it is said, to any of the specimens of the shrub produced in the island itself. Further experiment was prevented by the illness of the party that made th e trials, but still some plan t s a re to be seen in private gar d ens in In di a , where they are presorved as curiosities. These yield plentifully, and it is said that the native gardeners collect the pods, and sell the cotton in the bazaars for a higher price than can be obtained for Bengal cotton. POST.—The Committee of Spanish bondholders Were in attendance to-day at Mr. Thornton's offices, for the purpose of receiving the Count de Lara, accord ing to appointment. Late in the afternoon, however, a note was despatched to the Chairman, intimating that the Count had been seized with sudden indis position, in consequence of which he would be pre vented from leaving home. The intention was, we believe, to submit to the Count de Lara a mode of settlement of the claims of the bondholders upon a comprehensive and liberal basis, every reasonable allowance being made for the unfortunate condition of the Spanish Exchequer. We are told that the Count has felt some annoyance at the re marks indulged in by the Journals in reference to Isis mission to the British capital. We are, however, quite sure that nothing personally offensive to himself has been contemplated. We may state, indeed, that the Count is perfectly unknown to the moneyed interest of this country, and that, as a matter of common courtesy. credit has been given him for the most patriotic, and (as regards the situation of the distressed creditors of his nation) humane motives also. We arc still un able to offer anything like an official explanation of the Count's project. We can scarcely regret, but for the melancholy a , .iuse, that a little delay should occur in the development of it, as a short residence in England is requisite to the Count de Lara, in order to give him a just conception of the injury that has been inflicted on individuals and families through the non performance by the Spanish Government of its various foreign engagements. SUN.—The Stock market, owing to the accounts from the Paris Bourse, was in a very excited state this morn ing, has since assumed a better appearance, and this afternoon erery thing closed better, or nearly the same as yesterday. The speculators seemed inclined to get in at the low prices, but some of them are yet look ing for a further decline. Consols left off at 87i to for money, and 88i to 4 for time ; Exchequer Bills at 12 to 10 prem ; India Bends at S discount, and the New 31 per Cents. at 961 to The Foreign Stocks have given rise to a good deal of speculative business, and in Spanish Bonds particularly there has been a great deal doing. The Active Stock fluctuated from 224 to 211, a fall of 21 per cent. on the highest quotation of yesterday, in conse quence of the disorganised state of affairs at Madrid, they closed at a rally to 22 ; Portuguese New 5 per Cents. declined 1 per cent., or from 324 to 314 to 3U. The Three per Cents. were at 21 to 211. Colombian Stock dropped from 224 to 20), but left off at 22 for the Account ; Mexican Bonds of 1825 were at 241 to 241 ; and Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents, ranged from 491 to 50 a . The market, like that for our own Funds, was unsettled and highly sensitive. In one or two lines of railway sales were made freely to-day at a further loss. Great Western Shares brought only 10 to 12 premium ; New, 11 to 21 prem. ; Brighton, 121 to 111 dis. ; Blackwall, 2.4- to 14 dis. ; Birmingham, 65 prem. ; South Western, 11i to 12 prem. ; Manchester and Leeds, '2B prem.; South Eastern, 18 dis. ; and Eastern Counties, 14 dis. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HO USE. It will be recollected that some months ago complaints were made to the Lord Mayor personally and by letter against a man who called himself Alexander Frazer, and advertised in the Aberdeen and other Scotch journals that he was deputed to lend certain sums of money to poor residents of Scotland, from what he designated the Douglas Loan, requiring at the same time that certifi cates of character should be sent to the advertiser, and that these, if satisfactory, should be followed up by the price of the stamps necessary to be affixed to the securi ties for the return of the loan. The Lord Mayor having ascertained that Mr. Frazer's object was to raise the wind by obtaining the money for the stamps, took public notice of the fraudulent scheme of " the Douglas Loan" at the Mansion-house, and checked its prosperity as soon as he could by exposure. It happened, however, that Frazer had directed that his Scotch applicants should address him at No. 64, Goswell-road, London, a re spectable ale and coffee-house, and the consequences to the owner of the house have been extremely injurious, according to the statement of the poor man. Witchureh, the proprietor of the house, No. 64, Gos well-road, waited upon the Lord Mayor a few days ago, at the request of his Lordship, who had received valu able assistance from him in the course of the search after Mr. Frazer, for the purpose of ascertaining whether he had sustained serious injury, from the circumstance of the swindler having had letters addressed to the house. His LORDSHIP took occasion to mention that Wit church was for many years the driver of the first Brighton coach that started, and was much respected by the highest people who resorted to that place. Witchurch said that his customers to the house in Goswell-road fell off in consequence of the unfortunate fact that a person whom he never knew had called oc casionally at the house, and caused letters to be directed to it. The moment he (Witchurch) suspected that Mr. Frazer's intentions were suspicious, he, as the Lord Mayor well knew, not only refused to take in any snore letters, but conveyed several which had been perempto rily left at the house to his Lordship. The business of the concern, however, notwithstanding his Lordship's acknowledgment of his (%Vhitchurch's) endeavours to assist in bringing Frazer to justice, declined most alarmingly, and an execution was at length put into the house, and he must have been ruined, if it had not been for the humanity of Mr. Holmes, the High Bailiff of Southwark, who supplied him with the means of defraying the amount of the de wand. The lingering illness of his wife during the continuance of his difficulties, and the demands of a family of three children, made his conflict with misfor tune, at his advanced period of life, almost insup portable, Tile LORD MAYOR said that nothing would give him greater pleasure than to commence a subscription for a man whose character was so good, and whose in dustrious efforts had sustained so injurious a check from such a cause. He was convinced that his exam p:e would be followed by the surrounding gentlemen whom Witchurch was in the habit of driving to and from Brighton so many years ago ; at all events the ex periment must be tried. Witchurch left the Justice-rrom most grateful for his Llrdship's contribution and kind expressions towards hi in. THE NEW POLICE ACT. IMPORTANT iTO LANDLORDS AND TENANTS. On Tuesday considerable interest was manifested to hear the decision in a case of considerable importance to landlords and tenants, at the Kensington Po!ice office, which is the first which had occurred of the kind since the passing of the new Police Act. Daniel Moriarty was brought before Mr. Pilkington, the sitting Magistrate, charged on the Police-sheet, with removing his goods from No. 11, Brook-green place, Hammersmith, with intent of evading payment of his rent, and Edward Line, a carman, was also charged with aiding and abetting him in the same. Proof having been adduced, Mr. Pilkington, on a perusal of the clause of the Act under which the defendants were taken into cus tody (673), which run as follows—" And be it enacted that it shall he lawful for any constable to stop and de tain, until due inquiry can be made, all carts and car riages which he shall find employed in removing the furniture of any house or lodging between the hours of eight in the evening and six in the following morning, or whenever the constable shall hate good grounds for be lieving that such removal is made for the purpose of evading the payment of rent"—was of opinion that he had no power to inflict a penalty, the intention of the Act being only the detention of the goods until the land lord co•ald be informed thereof, who then could distrain on them. The defendants were consequently discharged on the agent making the distraint. THE LATE BARTHOLOMEW FAIR Yesterday, the Lord Mayor received the following letter from D. W. Harvey, Esq., Commissioner of the City Police. His Lordship considered the communica tion strongly symptomatic of the total suppression of the nuisance City Police-office, Guildhall, Sept. 8, 1840. " MY LORD,-It gives me the greatest satisfaction to be able to communicate to your Lordship the tran quil character which pervaded Bartholomew Fair from the proclamation to its close, notwithstandin g the dis appointment occasioned to the frequenters of such scenes from the curtailment of its duration in the num bers of days and the hours of each day. ."fhough the singular absence of offences may be at tributed in a considerable degree to the activity and vi gilance of the police, whose cxamplary conduct I feel it only Just to attest, yet much, or more, may be assigned to the cheering influence of moral improvement in the sentiments and character of the people. In confirma tion of these views, I have to state that throughout the three days only six cases were brought to the station house of the Smithfield divison, four of which were discharged upon hearing before the Magistrate ; one other, for attempting to pick a pocket, was sentenced to seven days' imprisonment, and, the sixth, a charge for uttering a bad shilling, remains for further bearing. " It is due to the persons who hired grounds for booths and stalls, and also to the numerous publicans, to state that they most readily conformed to the regu lations of the Alarkets' Committee, and that at an early hour on the Sunday moraing not a vestige of Bartholo mew Fair was to be seen. " I have the honour to be, my Lord, " Your Lordship's most obedient servant, (Signed) "D. W. HARVEY." A new trial is to be applied for in the case of Hearne v. Stowell.—Liverpool Courier. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS. The Rev. John Cunninghame CaHand Bennett Pot kln Hawkins, Clerk, M.A., to the Vicarage of Rams bury, Wilts, void by the cession of J. W. D. Daral,:s, Clerk, on the presentation of the Queen. The living of Wylye, Wilts, vacant by the decease of Mr. Baker, has been presented to the Rev. J. S Stockwell, Rector of Wilton. The Hon. and Rev. Mr. Harris, a son of the Earl of Malmesbury, (at pre sent officiating at Shaftesbury), succeeds Mr. Stockwell at Wilton. The Rev. James Cottle, late of Catharine Hall, Cambr'dge, Vicar of St. Mary Magdalen, Taunton, to be one of the domestic ( .;haplains of Lord Ashburton. Tne Rev. T. Pierce Maurice. late Curate of Peters field, to the Rectory of Michaelmersh, Hants, vacant by the death of the Rev. Dr. Woodcock. The Rev. J. Nussey, M.A., Recto; of Poughill De von, has been appointed by Lord Blaney his Lordship's domestic Chaplain. EXTRAORDINARY RAILWAY TRAIN. Notwithstanding the answer given by the Chairman of the North Midland Railway Company to the ques tion put at the half-yearly meeting on Wednesday in last week, as to whether any inducement had been held out by the Directors to encourage Sunday travelling, there was an immense train of passengers despatched from Leeds to Sheffield, at reduced fares, on Sunday morning. We understand that before the annual me( t ing it had been agreed with the heads of three or four large firms in the town to place at their disposal a num ber of tickets which, for the small charge of 35., should guarantee the conv e y ance o f a person from Leeds to Sheffield and back on the Sunday. These tickets were 2,400 in number, and they had nearly all been said when the half-yearly meeting took place. Of course the parties attended at the station on Sunday morning, and some of them threatened to pull down the station house if they were not sent on according to contract. The vast number of persons occasioned considerable de lay in the starting of the train. Three o'clock was the hour appointed, but they did not get off till full half past nine. The train consisted of sixty-three carriages, which were drawn by four engines. It reached Shef field about twelve o'clock, and started on its return about a quarter before seven. On account of the approaching darkness, and an additional number of carriages having been appended, the progress of the train on its return was not so rapid ; and on its arrival near the Woodles- , ford station, about five miles from Lees, it was de tained nearly an hour, on account of the want of water in the engines. In order to procure a supply they were obliged to leave the passenger carriages, and come to Leeds, and then return to bring them forward. This delayed the arrival of the train at Leeds till nearly eleven o'clock. We are happy, however, to say that the day passed over without accident. Before the train started in the morning one person was robbed of his watch whilst standing in the booking-office of the sta tion. We copy from the Sheffeld Iris the following account of the visit to that town :—" The morning train consisted of sixty-three carriages driven by four engines, and the ba c k t ra i n h a d t en additional carriages and an additional engine. Throughout the whole day, but particularly about the time of the arrival and departure of the colossal train, the Wicker was very nsuch crowded both by the travellers, as well as townspeople, who went from curiosity. Some of the innkeepers, awake to the demand for substantials which such an influx of hungry visitors would cause, had provided dinner at their houses for as many as they could accommodate comfortably ; and had their servants in attendance at the station with cards intimating the same, and their prudent arrange ments were duly appreciated. From five to six o'clock the immense current of people proceeding in the direction of the Wicker, and beyond there to places contiguous to the line, had a most stirring and extraordinary appear ance. Every s'reet on the way poured in during that time its constant stream of pedestrians. After waiting about an hour and a half anxiously for the onward move ments of the steamers, experiencing very much the same kind of feeling as the good people of this town have fre quently done on announced balloon ascents, at length the train did start in good earnest at twenty minutes to 7, and such a sight was then presented as must have astonished and gratified every sight-seer. First pro ceeded the five engines, not heralded by " musical cheers," but apparently striving to outdo each other in horrid screams. Then followed the 73 carriages, con taining a living and moving mass of apparently happy human beings. Cheers were given by them as they passed on. The train could not be less than half a mile in extent, and, as seen from the bend of the road in Brightside-lane, had the appearance of a mag nificent bow encircling the landscape. At this place a number of carriages from Sheffield took their sta tion. The concourse of people must have amounted to many thousands ; all seemed pleased with the sight, and the conduct of the crowd was, as far as we observed, exceedingly good and orderly. We have not heard that a single accident occurred during the whole day, and we are not aware that the morals of the people have been in any way injured by so many enjoying the rich treat and the fresh air which are to be met with on the North Midland Railway. We understand a return trip will take place from Sheffield to Leeds probably next Monday, but if not then, on that day fortnight, in consequence of Doncaster races falling on the intervening Monday, when, we doubt not, the train on that occasion will be equally magnificent. We should have been glad to see our neighbours from Leeds yesterday instead of Sunday, but we are informed there was no alternative but either to choose Sunday or shut up all the mills on Monday, which latter step would have thrown thousands out of employment, who could not afford to lose that day. The case is different at Sheffield, consequently a Monday is fixed on."—Leeds Intelligencer. MAN U FACTURES OF BELGIUM. GHENT, AUG. 30.—1 t is high time, however, that the veil which obscures the real position of the conti nental manufacturing towns should be removed, and that the people of Great Britain should no longer go on idly imagining, on the faith of Dr. APCulloch's as surances, that Europe has been asleep during the last quarter of a century, and that the supremacy which England so long possessed as a manufacturing country over all her neighbours, is still the same, and not likely to be disturbed. In order to dispel this mistaken idea, it would be well if those who, at the end of each busy session of Parliament, amuse and recreate themselves by a trip to Belgium, the Prussian provinces of the Rhine, or other foreign parts, would make it a part of their occupation to examine into, and, if' occasion serves, report upon the state of the manufactures in those countries which they visit. As a proof that Ido not recommend a course which I am not ready to follow, I will shortly and concisely state what I have seen during a recent visit to Ghent, whence I new write. I was led through a series of populous and well built streets to a large factory placed on the brow of St. Peter's-hill,which overlooks the railroad station for Ghent, and also the river Scheldt,which flows below. The director of the establishment, on being made acquainted with the object of our visit, very politely offered to conduct us over his premises, having previously ascertained, by a question not meant to catch my car, that I was not a manufacturer, but simply a curious traveller. On en tering I found it was a linen-spinning factory, newly es tablished and partly at work, and which, when in full operation, would set in motion 6,500 spindles, manufac turing linen threads of the fineness of from 1 to 200 de grees. I had supposed the machines for spinning flax were almost wholly confined to Great Britain, knowing t►tat there is an imperative prohibition against the ex portation of machinery of this nature from our ports ; but I was altogether mistaken in the notion ; for on fur ther inquiry 1 ascertained that the factory which I visited was only one of ten that already existed at Ghent, and that new establishments of a similar description were daily rising up. The number of flax spindles now at work in the city exceeds 70,000, whilst there are no less than forty cotton spinning factories, comprising upwards of 200,000 spindles, and consuming from 1,000 to 1,200 bales of cotton per week. Curious to know how so many large machines had been constructed within so short a space of time—for eight years ago there was not one in the city—l made some inquiries of my cicerone, who, in reply, conducted me to an establishment called " The Phoenix," where, on entering, a similar offer to that above mentioned was made and accepted. We mounted three stories high to a vast workshop, where some hundreds of English work men were busily engaged in constructing machinery of every kind and description, and it was here 1 found that the mechanism for spinningflax, which I had just quitted had been wholly made. The Phwnix foundry and iron works is the property of a company, and the number of men constantly employed there, most of them being Eng lish, exceeds 600, the direction of the works being con fided to a Scotch engineer, of the name, I believe, of Winser. At the moment of my visit, the men were engaged in constructing another linen spinning machine, which was expected to be finished and erected within the space of eight months. All the operations connected with the construction of this complicated and vast machinery were carried on within the walls of the foundry. One or two inventions secured by patents, and the result of the ingenuity of persons employed in this foundry, were pointed out to me with great pride by the gentleman who conducted us. One of these was a highly ingenio us mac hi ne f or com bi ng flax, invented by a Mr. G am i er , an d another was a mac hi ne f or cutting the serr a t e d e d ges o f a spec i es of cog w h ee l, which was set in motio n b y t h e same eng i ne t h a t drives all the lathes, and thus sales a tedious manual operation.— Correspondent of the Morning Herald. Daly, DREADFUL ACCIDENT. —Yesterday morning Thomas one of the workmen employed in repairing St. Bride's Church, Fleet-street, in proceeding up a lad der, carrying a pot of boiling lead, slipped, and fell to the ground from a height of 15 feet. He was taken up per. fectly insensible, and conveyed to St. Bartholomew's Hos pital. Besides having received many contusions, he was dreadfully scalded by.the splashes from the boiling lead. His recovery is almost hopeless. EVENING EDIT ION!, CORN AVERAGES. GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN For the Week ended Scpt. 1, /840, made up from the Ketur d 0; 4 tne Inspectors ul the niflerent Cities and Towns in Lllilan wales, per Imperial Quarter. Wheat j Oats Barley 34s Sd. 1 Rye .................. .4474 AVERAGES OF THE LAST SIX WEEK Week ending WHEAT. lIARLEV.I uaTs. RS C. "AN'. p yAss. 1 .....—.-- ----- 46 0 July 31 Aug '•2 7 - 10 33 0 30 0, 3 3 47 0 '" g 14 72 4 32 4 30 5 40 0 413 11 44 1 21 .-,, Sept. 4 rstrutist, AGGREGATE AVERAGES OF THE PIZ rn".— Whrat 7ls. 10J. Oats ....... .. 30. 3d. Beaus ....... ..461,• 1,11 " 2 r l es . °33. 3d. I Rye " 'iBs . 4d I Pease... ...... 45d• v DUTIES ON FOREIGN CORN• Barley Wheat 6s, Sd. I Oats THE MARKETS. COAL N Ships arrived since I lARKEI'. It.s: market-day, i 7. s. d., Adair's Chester Derwent Main l7 0 14 lywol Ma n l9 0 Orig Mal Windsor's Pontop 18 3 Tatiiield 111 Dr ... Tanfled Nloor Butes lB 0 Krlatit Walls End Bell and Brown 'AI 0 Walls End Brown', H 9 Walls End Clenuell Walls End Heaton Walls End Hotspur . lll 0l Walls End Killingworth ... 0 3 Walls End Belmont 'o , 1 W. E. Braddyll's Hutton ... 91 0, Walls End Hetton ............ Walls:End Heelley ............ zy, Walls End Lannbton ........ ; W. E. North Helton Lyon f,v Walls End Russell's Heston .:„2 Walls End Stewart's ......... Ut Walla Ei,d WhitweL ......... Walls End Hartlepool .......zU Walls End Barret ............ 9 Walls End South Durhaln.....„7, Walls End We,;t:Hetton ••• ri 6 Cowpen .......................... 11 Wslls End (lift .......... •••••• 1 9 Walls End Devonsihre ...... 19 0 9 Walls End ........ 111 IWalls End Scott ........ ••••"' COUNTRY CORN MARKETS. _.....---' res* Wheat. Barley. 1 Oats. t Beans. ......„..... -' i f---.. ,0 Per Quarter. s. to a. a. to Ai s. to .. a. 10 5. ...... l i II Huston laraintiee bt 4 °, 4 ,1 t It ighton 67 74 30 40 27 02 47 ' nn "., Cambridge — 39 33 29 —. 4 ' - 4 0 4 ' Chichester 65 72 34 36 A 42 44 0 40 Dunmow Grant ham Grimsby Hailsliam Hitchin 36 78 30 34 23 34 28 .„; 4 , i i Ipswich 62 70 36 32 24 29 38 4 ' / '' 46 3 40 Lewes BO 67 32 28 33 34 -, 41 Lynn 6B 72 36 38 80 34 45 4 n . ~„ "' Ai Maidstone O3 76 36 39 26 32 49 bv, si ,7 Norwich Peomotth Roin lord ('6 - 46 32 38 24 34 36 50 4 40 Sandwich 56 77 34 43 27 34 33 45 ~ 44 Tnetford Wished) . 54 72 36 42 24 30 44 45 46 41 4 Witham 6l 74 32 35 32 34 40 AO Yarmouth 62 70 ,33 35 28 32 33 40 - 0 LIVERPOOL CORN Al t RKET.—SePt• 8 IV WHEAT, English, White, per 701 b. 4a.. Red 9 3 ' Scotch, Welch, and Manx Irish, White 6 6 6 9 - Red 5 0 ' ,0 0 Foreign OATS, English, Welsh, and Scotch, per 451 b 3 4 51 0 Irish --- g Foreign BARLEY, English, Malting, per Imp. quarter ...... . 44 32 ° 5 4 5 Scotch and Irish, per Rilbs. 0 51 0 Feetling 3 5 2 - 41 BEANS, English, per Imperial quarter 49 0 47 0 Irish, &c. Foreign PeAse, English, per Imperial quarter 45 0 Ai 0 Foreign - FLOUR, English, per 2801 b. Irish OATMEAL, English and Irish, per 2401133 „ SO 0 0 4 6 INiitAN Coax, per 480113. - RYE, per Imperial quarter . BS 0 gs 0 MALT, per Imperial quarter HULL CORN MARKET. Wheat, White (per Quarter) 5 Red 4t . l: :M 50s. 605.640. Foreign 32.3. &I'• 355. Barley, Malting 28. 304. 31° ' Grinding,2ss 285. 314. Oats, British . —s• '.. Foreign (in bond) —s 40a 42.!1. 4 j b, Beans Pease, Grey s. 36 , . 57 ' . 40s. 425. 4" Blue and White Linseed 425. 46s 405. Flour (p _l. 281. 1' Rapeseed (per 10 quarters) d . c CHELTENHAM MARKETS. Per Bushel. a. d. to s. cf. Per lb. Wheat Harley 4 4 5 Si 31iitton .................... Oats Beans rease 6 0 8 0 Lamb .................. •"" Hay 3l. 10s. to 51. bs. sd. per t •tl ' CANTERBURI MARKET. 7ng to 7 " Wheat, white-- 70s. to 755. 01d............* --- to 70s. -- red—................. 70s. to 725. ~,,....,„ 01d,...........—.. 601 .• to .....s. Barley, Malting 375. to 425. ....... Ornding— '"'' to ...de Oats - 011.............. --a• . ....s. Beans .........---..... 44s to 473. ........ 01d........ , * 1 8 ' g 41i• Pease —,.— 425. to —s. Grey...--0••• 4 ` — ' CHELMSFORD MARKET ot ° 4 Wheat, White 72 to 76 Oats ........................... 40 4 , tted Barley Chevalier "9 41 Beans, Tick ................. % Grinding 6 ; si 6 7 IRISH MAR DUBLIN MARKET NOTE for KETS W . . s ErT. 4 . :heWEEK ending jtv c „ge. i From 1 0 „ V 5 2R o 95 v JO 1 9 6 14 0 -- -0 0 .... 0 16 13 0 5 0 ° 0 0 I 1 - 7 4 -- „ " 1 1 6 0 20 1,2'5 Wheat.perbarreltzt t• 53 Bere 0 Barley 1,01:1 Oatc 1 4 stone....” 0 Flour, per cwt 681 Oatmeal 8 stone Sold to Bakers only. 7,768 Cwt. Flour. ..••••••••••••• 00000 •••••• . Average price of Wheat sou Receipts of Flour, 10,950 ) FICAS.•••••,„ Sales of Do. 7,181 Z Thirdr PIUCE ur at Quarterr. [mat ...... 10d, ; 1-1 a! 10 0 1 II3 94 tour 43. 4cl, per sack; 7 s 245, od to .7s Od from 1 58. Cd. tO '231. '•••••• from lOs. Od. to Ws 00 ILEA n. if Quail tern „. sd. CORK MARKETS.-..Sept. 5. Whent (per Wat.)V4s o.l.to34s.a.t.ivats (per 14st. 9 Od. to Barley (per Bist4 ll 4 ' 2 ° Pk. , (per cwt . 24 Oatmeal (per Od. to :Cis 01 Beef, 41. to 74.—Mutton bd. to 64—Veal, Id to rd Pork, 41d. to sd..—kreselluttei, 10d. to ltd per lb. PRICIIOFBUTTIZR. To the Merchan - ts. To the counaP First Quality... ... ........ ...... 96c ......,............ .. /5 Second 9l .. .. ..... " .....—... 83 l'hird Fourth ....... ..... Filth 91 70 0101 •••01.611••••6, .. ~. , •••••. Sixth CLON 51ELL 31A II KETS.— Seyt. 1. Per (.wt. a d. '' ti s. d. a. d. • • to 24 Kew Butter So Gto9o 0 H:dee (raw).........-- 30 Z, 40 11 , Oatmeal 12, 0 12 3 LiaeoliP,gt 1 ....... - Rendered Lard 0 N'J Head 5............... .2 Per 1:4. 3 0 ° 44 .:. 1f10ur,11"rd5........-- v ...... v 42 01--- Fourths.... 22 0 Per Barret. ileur, Second 0 —Household 0 _ 0 14 0 v Rapeseed 20 0 0 Bere 5 4 10 0 I Barley Giala. FLAT GOLD WATCHES, Gold m n l Ten Guineas each. Highly-fi n i s h e d HORIZONTAL WATCHES, with engraved or engi ne -turned Gold 'Po. jewelled in four holes, ar.4 wither engi ne -t urn ed or „D r graved cases are off ere d, p r i ce Ten Guineas each. Thes ,. e e ctil. gant little Watches will b e f oun d to perform very e!ri,—thef and a printed war ran t y i s g i ven w i t h f i xed terms, en 111"e'' will always receive any attention required. T. COX S.-..VORY, ft' P s Watchmaker, Jew e ll er , &c., 47, Cornhill (Seven J-'" f- Gracechurch-st ree t), London. ---- SILVER PLATE of LONDON MINTUF A IP , Gold' TURE._A. B. SAVORY and SONS, Workinf io d. smiths, 14, Curnhill, London, .;ppesite the Bank of,t'rl i i i i ( llo The best wroug h t SILVER SPO O N S and FOR l *' -c ' 4d , per Pattern, is. 2d. per ounce; the King's Pattern, 7b, bu t the ounce. The following are the weights recornmende n, ou ,,er. alleles may be had lighter or heavier at the same price Per x. i• 1 12 Fiddle Pattern Silver Table Spoons 12 ditto Dessert ditto 20 7 "' 19 1 5 ; 12 ditto lable Forge 3O 7 7 ''' 7 " 4 - 2 ditto Dessert ditto 20 7 2 •" 51 1 2 ditto Gravy Sr...s•us ~ i i b • jts 0 1 ditto Soup Ladle 10 7 -"' 5 1 4 ditto Sauce ditto . II 7 ll ''' 1 ° 0 90 al 7 . Il i.. 1 1 1 0 5 i 4 ditto gait Snoons( gilt strong) ............••••• 2 10 , 1 ditto Fish 3oce ................ a 1 0 e 12 ditto Tea Spoons ". 0 15 i° 1 pair ditto S ugar T ongs (strong) ............... . 40 • j 4 4 I 2 12 King's Pattern Silver T a bl e S pc•ons at 7 4 ••' 9 IC * 12 ditto Dessert ditto 26 7 4... 4 1 4 is 4 12 ditto T a b c F orks .. 4O 7 "• 9lO ti 12 ditto D essert d i tto to 7 4 '" 4 8 . 2 ditto Gravy L Sp ;2 7 4... ..• 1 ditto Soup adle oons 412 7 4... 4 14 5 r 4 ditto Sauce ditto l2 7 10••• 0 0 4 ditto 1 ditto stih , ze p p r tsl , l. b e . : 12 ditto Salt tist, Si s p l o i c c , e n 8 .. . . (strong ... . !ilt) ................................ i f i 0 : ; Tin Sl.oolli 1 pair ditto N.B. A Price Curretsilg t a , r ~,T t o a n n ig s ................................. fast . Co ing drawings, and every informati p o e n d r a ela a tiv N e e t w o silver or Sheffield plate, mt. / be had on application , e l ' ~ t er . sent into thecountry , postal,- free. ;n answer to a paid e ,0010 BIRTHS. of a ' 11 On the 6th inst., a t Scarborough, Yorkshire, 1 :00 .- - i ne , r for W. Featherstinthaugh, E , q., her Majesty's Coantnis' l°- the North American Boundary, of a son. of S. On the 7th in s t., i n U pper G owcr - strect, the W if e B. Toiler, Esq., barrister-at-laA, of a da' 4 ghter. lad, o On the Bth inst., at Flushing, near F a l mou th, the cto , of Lieutenant C. Smith, commanding her Majesty oi 's br i g a daughter. . 0 On the Bth in s t., a t Upper Clapton, Mrs. J. B . Moen-, a son. .yro odr On the 9th in s t., a t Wellingtork-terrace, St. Jo hn Mrs. J. R. Roberts, of a son. M.irtßlED. On Wednesday, the 9th inst., at St. John's, Upper 11°11°I; way, by the Rev. Henry Venn, 13. D , Richard William, c'rs,', son of Richard Johnson, Esq., of 11 . 01loway-place, an t , i rv rtets gate, London, to Mary Ann, daughter of " 13-- Esq., of Upper Holloway, Aliddlesex. Win' On the 2d inst., at St. George's, Hanover-square, ri• ct be stanley, Esq., solicitor, to Jane Gordon, elder daughter 01 late D. Cumming, Li eu t enan t 3d W est I n di a Regime"- the 16 t 0 f On the 2d inst., at B russe l s , A rtnur , t hi r d s on of T. Lett, Esq., of L am b e th, S urrey, an d S t . Peters , in ., Thanet, to Elizabeth, second daughter of J. Vermeulenr of Antwerp. to ith , On the Bth inst., at St. Peter's Church, Ham mer s „gi v David Mignot, Esq., M.D., to Katha r i ne M ar y, secon d - d ter of the Rev. J. Homfray. Ken t ' On the Bth inst., at All Saint's Church, Maidstone.nzeit the Rev. John Cooke, 8.A., to Amelia Anne, Y ou - daughter of Mrs. Hunter, All3'.on- place, Maidstone. Re id, On the 9th inst., at St. James's Ch urc h, Sir John B ar EA., Bart, M.P., to Maria Ln'aisa, only daughter of R. Es t Ver'ese o of Stetehworth-park, Newmark e t, and sister to R. Ea On the 9th inst., at Beckenh am Church, W. W. cogerivg, Chancery-lane, E.sq., barri s t er - at .l aw ( , to Catherine ,`,.a., .- daughter of th Rev. J. J. Tal man , M. A., deceased, late Ira lain of Bromley College, and Vi car o f North Curry, an Stogurnber, Somerset. D. On the 27th ult., Elizab e th, th e w if e o f B. B. iknderien' Esq., of St. Leonard's-place, York. 1 3 , On the 29th ult., at Upper Phillimore-plaee, 1(e". ;„ - -g. te Mrs. Mary Parish, aged 74. pno , On the 2d inst., at Bishopsteignion, D Yon, M ar y eldest daughter of G. Woods, Esq De ~,h t, o 1 On the 2d inst., Elizabeth, the wife of Mr. B. r ''''' - King William street. Charing-cross. g i 56- On the pith inst., at Islington, A. Shirley, Esq., ag t e ; .str eeto On the 7th inst., T. Rotten, Esq.,, of Heath" Meeklenburgh-square. elk, 1 OP On the Bth inst., M. Kennedy, relict of J. Kent v R.N., aged M. _.....r Lo Anevessow' of N i o lo c n lo : lll,2n l , : y r s i t l or i f t a e n ( l‘ l di a ida n dt d ie7 P se ill s sh i7,; : o b r y odee ll! t x J s R O D . te ( 1 : 11 2b Y ,e (t sj i to i re , 4o i • the . urs ay, eP