The Sun. — London, England, 1857-09-04 00:00:00

THE INDIAN CORRESPONDENCE OF THE " NORD' The Nord of Brussels publishes the folfow . ing letter from " its special corresp.ondent in India." The last letter from " its special corre . spondent . " was dated Madras. The " lette . r" gives a fair summary of recent events in . India, but . we need not add that every line of it was written much nearer home. We need not fear to be anticipated by our Northern contemporary. We trust only that he will copy discreetly : " Calcutta, July 20. " On my return to Calcutta I found that the situation of affairs in Bengal was not in the least ameliorated, as we had hoped it would be. On the contrary, many more serious events have happened to render it still more complicated. "Lucknow, the capital of the ex-kingdom of Oude, keeps its ground still against the insurgents, who have besieged it • but Sir Harry Lawrence, one of the bravest an d ablest _men of the Anglo- Indian army, died on the 4th of July, in conse quence of the wounds which he received two days before, on the occasion of a brilliant sortie. " At Cawnpore the little garrison under the com mand of Sir Hugh Wheeler, after having de fended itself for a long time and with great valour against 15,000 of the rebels commanded by the R ei sjah of Bithoor, received overtures from this chief, who knew that they were a prey to famine, that Sir Hugh Wheeler had been mortally wounded, and that they were encumbered with many women and children whose safety they were most anxious to secure. The garrison ulti mately submitted to Nena Sahib, after having re ceived the solemn promise that they would be al lowed to withdraw safely and soundly with the whole of the European population to Allahabad. But they had scarcely laid down their arms when Sir H. Wheeler and his companions were all mas sacred. Upon the parade ground of Cawnpore, not only were sacrificed 132 women and children who had fled from Futt hgurh, but also the hand ful of soldiers that composed the garrison of the former place, and 240 women and children who were found within the garrison. " The hordes of demons who fought under the banner of the treacherous and sanguinary Nena Sabib showed no pity for either sex or age, nor re spect for the heroism of the brave. That the wo men had been exposed to the most revolting treat ment before they were slaughtered the scenes which have taken at Delhi and at other places gives us every reason to fear. Hewever that may be, it is undoubted that Cawnpore has since been recaptured On the 30th June Major Renaud bore down upon Cawnpore from Allahabad with 500 Europeans, 350 Sikhs, and two cannon ; Brigadier-General Havelock followed on the 7th of July with detach ments of the 64th and 78th Regiments of Royal Infantry, and six cannons. On the 12th the two forces counting in all 1,300 men, encountered, be fore Futtehpere, about 49 miles from Allahabad, the rebels, which comprised 3 regiments of infantry, 2 regiments of cavalry, and 11 pieces of cannon. Havelock attacked them strongly, and after four hours' hard fighting he put there to flight and cap tured their 11 pieces of cannon. From our side we did not loss a single man. "In his official .report, addressed to Calcutta, General Havelock attributed this result, as extraor dinary as it was satisfactory, to the superiority of 1 our artillery (Royal), to our Enfield rifles, and to the courage and solidity of the English soldiers ; but the brave general forgot to say that his own characteristic ability contributed powerfully to this magnificent success. The army of Nena Sahib was m , re than 15,000 strong, and had taken up an excellent position before Futtelipere. His cannon had been admirably placed to act upon our troops, who occupied a position within easy range of them. Bat General Havelock cared ve.y little of approaching so close to the enemy, being only desirous of placing his men at a convenient distance, and in a good position for b it tle. Detachments of the 64th and 78th first opened fire, and every shot that came from their ranks told upon some one man of the inimical forces, and taught them the value of those cartridges which they had affected to disdain. In vain did they re ply to the deadly precision of the English rifles by a continuous fire of their musketry. In vain did they play off all their artillery against the m irks men of Gen. Havelock. Their balls fell innocuously around the European ranks, while the Enfield rifles ma le terrible ravages among the gunners of the enemy. In the meantime the b ettery of Royal Ar tillery, under the command of Captain Maude, did not remain inactive. It swept away the reb e l s on each otportune occasion; and in less than four hems this army of 15,000 men was cotnpletely dis persed by a handful of English anti some Sikhs The flying column of Gen. Havelock pursued the' enemy to the utmost in the direct;on of Cawnpore. On the 15th and 17th they attacked the foe again and again, and beat him each time, taking from him the remainder of his cannon to the number of 15. Aft- r the affair of the 17th our troops ent2red Cawnpore, which they found wholly desert e d an d in ruins. Nena Sahib had fled to Bithoor, about 14 miles from Cawnpore, where we hope he will be soon followed and hunted down. " The position e f Lucknow appears to be most critical ; but as Gen. Havelock is receiving fie:eh troops from Allahabad, at which place they are ar riving daily from B:nares and from Calcutt s, there is every reason to hope that the place will be res cue 1, notwithstanding the death of its illustrious chief "On the sth July Agra was menaced by abut B,COO Sepoys. Strange fact! the chief portion of that army had marched from Nee-nuch, a place si tuate more than 300 miles from Agra ; but it was augmented during its progress across the Jeypoor by the junction of native troops statonel along its rouse and in its neighbourhood. However that may be, at their approach all the European and Chris tian inhabitants took refuge within the fort of Ara. The garrison there, formed of the 31 European Regiment of the Company and of a corps of volun teers, counted altogether 550 men, with six earn - 11.- This gallant little band proceeded out to confront the enemy, whom it found occupying a position in a village some miles from the station, and whom it immediately attacked. After an obstinate battle the enemy was did - edge:l from its station ; by an unexplained forgetfulnees, the garris n found itself deficient of cartridges at the very moment of victory, an I was consequently obliged to retreat again into the fort without be'n't ahle to complete their triumph, purcha •ed by tb:loss, in killed and wounded, of at least one-fourth of their strength. The rebels, who were joined by the populace of the city, burned and destroyed a great portion of the cant nments and of the Europ au habitations. The fort, guarded by t' - re 3d European Regiment, and 1;:7 the volunteers of Agra, was main'atued against the insurgents ; but it is not the less to be desired that it should be immediately reinforced, for fear that the little garrison should be subjected to the fate of Gen. Wheeler and his ill-fated companions in arms. "The principal event reported here from Delhi is the des h. of Gen. Barnard, He died of cholera on the sth of the month, and was succeede I by Major-Gen. Reed. Our last news from that place is up to the date of the 13th. The besieged hal made some sorties on the 30th June and 4th and oth July, in all of which they were repulsed by the English army out-ide. Tee affair of the 9th July was a very brilliant one, there having been left dead rcor r than 1,000 of the enemy. It appears that the rebels have not sines then male as frequent sorties as they had done before. " If we can believe two of the natives who had effected their escape from Delhi, thei repeated de feats and numerous losses are beg'nning to discou rage them, and their munitions of war are sensibly diminishing. They have, howeyer, been reinforced by the regiments of Rohilcund, those of Nusse3r abed and probably by some o:here ; but we may b permitted to doubt that these reinforcements wll Prove any advantage to the besieged, considering that their munitions are failing them. It cannot improve their condition to have more months to feed. It is true that these same two nativ.,s assure us that th o b esieged are in open comcuueicati with the countryrom it of Oude, and that they receive provisions ; but, f is the int en ti on it I am well informed, it of military authorities to sweep away from the before they ngdor n of Oude all the insur gentsproceed seriously to attics Delhi, and then to subject that place pProb t l o all the horrors of famine. It its, besides, that ,T the desert-Ts equal in number the reirfercero ( !tLwhich D lhi , receives, as it is said they quit th e and often under t he fire of the place' Yin cro w d s 7 u , "By the report of the las t couvierfroul ea before Delhi the besi e g in g arm y is composed of men. There are two s q uadrons of th e 6 th Drar, oo ! Guards, the 9th Qtseen's de Lancers, two squ a , us 0 1 the 9th Irregular Cavalry, two divisions of the Bth Royal Infantry, two divisions of the 60th R oyal Rifles, two divisions of tho 61:-t Royal Infantry, the 75th Iteg . inent of Royal Infantry, the Ist and 2d Regiment of European Fusileere, anal one Sir moor ba talon—the Guides formed by Sir Henry Lawrence and the Tirailleues de Colre.' But if I am to believe ce , t in inf nuation of per sons well acquainted with those matters, it has been found necessary to withdraw from the besieging army, or rath er f rom the corps of o b serva ti on b e f or e Delhi, 4,000 men, in ordtr b pl ice them up us several menacing points; among others, Loodi Julinder, Kuasowlee, Subatlioe, Meerut, Phillour, and Um balls. " It is believed that General Chamberlain has effected a junction with tile_c)rps of -Delhi e but this news, although very probalile, iii net yet au thentic , t: d. " The cholera seem 3 to ;sage ' with fury at Delhi THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPrEMBER 4, 1857 RYDER A BA.D. The following is an extract from letter of an offi• cer of the 30th Madras Native Infantry, btlti9no:. at Hyderabad, dated July 23 : " I must tell you that last Friday evening, the 17th of July, the Resident got information that the Rallies were asee ebling in large nambere for an attack. Well, in the evening, about 6.30, George and myself 'were lilting in the verandah, when we heard the three alarm guns Bound the signal for the troops to fall in and be off at once to the general parade. I went off to the mess of the 7th Cavalry to find out what was up, when I was met by a cavalry officer rushing home as her i he cou'd go for his horse. He shout3d to me, `The alarm is sounding' —magic words, as you may suppose. I turned, ran home as fast as my legs could carry me, got oat the horse and carriage,.dressed and put dear G— and the son in, and rattled off to the barracks, where we found all the rifle men out and the cavalry getting to saddle. By this time an express came in to say that they—i e., the Rohil!as— were attacking the Residency. Off galloped the cavalry and Horse Artillery ; we remained at the barracks—all the ladies together at the adjutant's house. The whole forca was out ; we were all bivouacked on the parade ground till about 1 a.m, About 7 the report of guns told us that the work had commenced. But we were, as the saying. is, one too -many for Them. They came en and got nine rounda-of grapeshot, - which knocked thein over like ninepins. They then got into a house in the Baxter, from which they kept np a fire en our fellows and the Residency all night. This house was so situated that the guns could not he brought to bear upon it, iito it was resolved to wait till the morning and then have at them with the infantry. However, at 4 a.m. they walked off. We know of 29 Rehillas p!cked up deal ; how many wounded, of course, we cannot find out, but the quantity of blood on the fl)or of the house when taken po,session of i❑ the morning told that they must have suffered heavily. The troops turned out splendidly so people have little fear of the Madrasees fol'o wing suit with Bengal. Trae Residency has now been strongly fortified. It is supposed we shall have a row to-mor row again, as it is Friday (the Mussulman Son day), on which day they think it a mark of zeal for their Prophet to try and murder us ; but, as our sepoys are stanch, they are likely to get mire than they bargain for. Oar Friday last all the ladies (our depot excepted) were put into the arsenel and European hospital. You may imagine the scene ; drums beating, bugles and trumpets sounding the alarm,.and in all directions car riages rushing off to the above mentioned places. All the Europeans who lived in the city came rusbing into cantonments or took refuge in. the Residency. We had not a single man on our side touched, though they were being flied at all night. The 12th Lancers were tele graphed for from Poonah, and are likely to. be here in about a fortnight. Their approach is hailed with great glee." SIMLA. The following letter, dated July 13, is ftom a gentleman at Simla : " Your last letter reached me at the beginning of cur troubles, and was destroyed with other papers at a time I thought we should have to fly from Simla. We were among the very few who remained in the station at the panic caused by the incipient mutiny of the Ghomkas. They were skilfully handled and went away in peace, and have ever since done their duty as good soldiers. You will not expect a cheerful letter from me, for our hearts aro filled with sorrow and anxiety. Every day matters grow worse, and the plot thickens by Delhi standing. We act merely on the defensive. We have not been able to undertake any offensive operations yet, nor will we, I think, until a strong force has been de tached to the river side of the city. At present, if we were to assault on one side they might sally out by the other side unmolested. They have 900. Europeans with men and officers, protecting women arid children, at Meerut. They aro in a fortified position, and it is im possible to imagine why 300 with guns should not hold it a - :d allow the rest to go and cc-operate with the force before Delhi. Tbo communication between Deild and Meerut is now entirely cut off by the destruction of the bridge at Bhagput. You may imagine bow tidings from the scene of action are earnestly prayed for, longed for. We exist only through the English soldiers and Sikhs. Thank God, they are true to ur in this emer gency, but not one Hindostanee Sepoy is to be trustee, regular or irregular. The severe action of the 9th in our camp, when our pickets were driven in, was owing en tirely to the treachery of the 9th Irregulars (cavalry), who ht in the mutinous Bth Irregular Cavalry, pretend. irg not to know them, their uniform is so similar. It is awful the extent to which the Sepoys and troopers are still t-uited, and the lives that are lost in consequence. "It was said some time ago that every poorbeah' (Sepoy) in the camp was to be disarmed ; sti'l it vras not carried out. They have been disarming as fa-t as pos sible in the Punjab, but we t ave so few European sol diers it was not possible to do it quickly. The last week we have two more mutinies at Jhelum and Sealkete, very severe and complete—getting away with their arms and all, At Jhelurn the affair was mismanaged. The officer commanding ordered the regiments (the 14th and 58th Native Infantry) to parade, with the guns at their r.ar, in anticipation of the arrival of a wing of her Ma jesty's 24th, which was coming to digarni them. The Europeans were late ; the Sepoys saw the guns and got frightened, flew to their line., and fought desperately ureter cov e r o f th e i r lin es f or 12 . h ours . C o l one l Rlier, 24th, w ee woun d e d , also. Capital:A Spring and Eusign -wine of the Sepoye r veers made prieeners awl blown away fcoiu guns, while 9there have eEcipad in and in the province of Oude. Our troops, we greatly fear, will not escape this plague ; you will have an idea of its intensity wLen you learn that the inhabitants of the country desert their villages for the purpose of taking refuge in the jungle, where, nevertheless, the cholera decimates them in greater numbers than in the open country. " General Van Cortlandt has operated in the districts of Hansee and llissar, and holds possession of those countries. " I have reaFon to believe that our Government is organising regiments of Sikhs. These are, it is true, hardy soldiers, who have shaken off the re ligious superstition of the country, and who hate as much Mahomedan as Hindoo fanaticism. We have known how to appreciate their bravery upon the field of battle, and as long as we can reckon upon them they will be terrible rivals to place in opposition to the Sepcys. But the experience of the past should tell us that the Sikhs should only be employed iu arresting the course of insurrection, I massacre, violation, and incendiarism, and should not be relied upon for the reconquering of Bengal. "Madras and Bombay continue to enjoy the most complete tranquillity, and the native troops of those two Presidencies have shown no signs of disaffection. May Heaven be praised for it There, perhaps, is the only safe plank for the European populations of Bengal, whom the rebellious Sepoys, drunk with the blood of innocent woman and chil dren, have not as yet been able to destroy. " As to our fellow-citizens of the Presidencies of Madras and Rimbsy, the knowledge of those fright ful massacres will not have been lost upon them. They will see the necessity of being upon the qua viva. " Even here all concur in giving to the revolt a purely military and not a national character. That is also to us a subject of immense satisfaction. "It is then evident that the reorganizition of our military system iu India should be the object of the solicitude of the metropolitan government and of the local administrati on f r om henceforth, and especially when the revolt shall have been subdued. Permit me to give to your readers some details which will enable them more properly to adjudicate on the question with a knowledge of its origin. " By the official reports published last year at Calcutta upon the Anglo-Indian army, that army comprised in 1856 320,000 men able to bear arms. In that army there were but 30,000 men of the British troops, being a little less than one-tenth. The extreme disproportion between the Bri ish troops and the native troops of India contributes essentially to explain the present revolt in Bengal. Tile history of the worl 1 offers no other example of a conquering power of 30,000,000 of people govern ing a conquered race of 140,000,000 by means of an army the vanquished element of which exceeded the conquering element in the proportion of 10 to 1. " The possibility of the existence of such a state of things is the most striking proof of the superi ority of intellect over purely physical force. But, to-day, having taught to the native troops nearly as much as we know ourselves of the art of war, we must be the more surprised to find, under all the circumstances of the present case, that the armies of Madras and Bombay still remain faithful and loyal during the revolt of the Bengal army. " On the other band, the Sepoys of the Bengal army are not so much formidable by their number as from the fact that they belong to a race far more dangerous than the &Toys of other times. The Sepoys who were subject to Clive, to Coote, and even to Wellesley, were principally taken from the Presidency of Madras, or the inferior provinces of Bengal—populations remarkable for their peaceable and submissive character ; but the Sepoys of the army of Bengal have been drawn from the Alussul rnan tribes and the Mahrattas, people of the most bellicose and most enterprising spirit of the Hindos tanee race. Their stature generally equals, if it does not exceed, that of the English soldier ; their complexion is scarcely darker than that of the Spaniard, while they carry their fanaticism to the extreme, whether it be prompted by the spirit of intolerance of the Mahomedan or Hind estan - e re ligions, or by the dreadful wars which the two races have carried on in India during whole ceuturiex. "Far from appreciating or practising the virtue of toleration the one towards the other, the Ma homedans and Mahrattas look upon it as a mere delusion or sign of weaknese Since they have been allowed to have a voice in the Indian Govern ment, and since we have treated them with the mo-t perfect impartiality, they have encouraged the be lief among themselves that such conduct on our part but serves to conceal some sinister project, and that we contemplate making them Christians upon one day or another either by deceit or by compul sion. So far they judge according to their own tactics. Every time that the Mahommedans have seized upon the Hindoos they have put the Brah mins to death, and have comp 'lied the Hindoos to embrace 1-lamism. On the other hand, when the chiefs of the Mahrattas have captured the Mus sulmans, they have treat_d them in such a way as to render their existence intolerable to them. "We might very easily argue against those sus picions, but we shall never be able to eradicate them; and the necessary result of this state of things is, that without a strong European army, we can rot either maintain our position in India or pre serve the population of the country from religious persecutions or anarchy. "These premises admitted, the re-organisation of our military system in India is imperiously de manded, not only by existing circumstances, but also to secure our conquests for the future. Accord ing to competent authorities that re-organisation ought to be founded upon two pfncipal bases. "In the first place the Anglo-Indian army ought to be composed henceforward of at least one-third of British troops. Every brigade of division should: have a quartermaster-general in hostile places, and the fortitications and garrisonsof those places should be maintained of sufficient strength to resist either insurrection or foreign invasion. ' " The ameliora ion in our commercial matters, which I have glanced at in a preceding letter has not yet been carried out as much as it ought to be. Our bankers and native merchants, who fired means of being well-informed upon all events passing in the districts even the most (list int in connexion with the rebellion of the sepoys, have suddenly suspendei the operations which they had resumed .at tlee end c f ' June and at the commencement of this month. All our manufactures have become i He, and our exports nil. Scarcity is beginning to be felt, and the Pessimists already warn us of an approaching famine. We receive much aid various provisions by water, but they sell at exhorbitant prices. What is still more fiightful, the harvest appears to be radically deteriorated fro:n the want of the neces sary number of labourers to cut it down, and the lands are beginning t be wholly neglected as re gards their cultivation. " But I am happy to observe to you that here the Pessimists are but a very feeble ma jority of our fellow-citizens. The mass of the Eng li.h established at Calcutta regard the terrible crisis through which we are passing with a deter mined aspect, and without entertaiuing a doubt as to the future. That crisis imposes on us the most enormous sacrifices. We hesitate not, we should never hesitate, to make them. Oor Government has confidence in this spirit ; and even should the o'her presidencies be subjected to the same calami ties our courage will never be weakened,—it would in that case be ra her redoubled. Without doubt our eyes are fixed upon the mo her country, and upon the assistance which we ate expecting from -it, and which is now beginning to arrive ; but if, in the interval, the danger should become still more imminent, the local Government may calcu late to the furthest limits upon our devotion and upon our entire abnegation • and at the last ex tremities, even, we shall thank it, as the Venetians thanked their senator, for never having .once des paired of the safety of India. " P.S.—We have received about 1,500 men as a reinforcement of troops which have been recalled from the Chinese exped tion. The new reinf,rce merits from England are lauding here at this mo ment, to the great satisfaction of the inhabitants, who see in their arrival the commencement of the re-establishment of our authority in India." THE INDIAN MUTINIES. DELHI. The following is from an officer employed on the Stiff at Delhi : " Camp before Delhi, July 14. "The whole native army bas gone, or is going. Some 50 regiments have gone already, and all the rest are sure to follow. Here we are still before Delhi, and not likely to get in till reinforcements arrive from England, for our force i 3 about one-third the enemy's in numbers and they outnumber us alt-gether in guns and ammuni tion, Delhi being one of the largest arsenals in India. We are therefore quite unable to besiege the place regn• larly, and our nearest batteries are 1 200 yards off. The engineers urged an assault, and everything was arranged for it, but at the last moment the General hurg back, and since then w e have lost so many men that I don't t.shni.e,,k,_tnhe!dea. will be ever entertained again. Our own position is impregnable, the left resting on the river, '". right welt ,aiona of, and The latt e r the en emy are very i have had 13 aeatritednare constantly trying to turn. We tn i d already. fought there since we came, and some of the reginoave lost a thi r d o f t h e i r num b ers in killed aryl woundelready. " Laughten has been back to Unalallah, and Baird Smith, from Roorke:eenattztcome down from It mr kee to be chief engineer— I fanedyineadthe expsure s e ta h n alige for the better. Our troops, on the whole, are wonderfully. The mutineere, no idea th a t we should attempt a hot-w eather campaign wilt douhtl..ssaign ; bat just You now there is a great de al of chol era. hear a great deal about the cause of this terrible cut break, and the people ail', mail of them. ascrille•it to the Company's rapacity and cruelty, de; hut. everybodyl in India Isiit.ea perftc!ly thA the-true reason i 3 tlbat the 1 Szpoya were pampered awl potted until they began trr see that we were afraid of them ; but they would never have 'attempted to rise had not the country been so fool ishly denuded of Europeans. All the peopleof the country are with us, and the mutinous army once defeated and dis persed we shall soon have the countrysquare again ; but it is no joke to beat 170,000 men ; and they must send plenty of troops from England. At least 25 regiments should be sent, 4,000 artillery, and plenty of heavy guns —4B and 56-pounder,—for we shall have plenty of sieges ; and we require a command of artillery fire over the mutineers. Here we are firing 18-pounders and 8-inch howitzers, and the rebels are replying with twenty-fours and thirty-twos. Two or three regiments of dragoons should be sent, and arrangements made to supply them with horses when they arrive (from the Cape or Australia), for they will find none available here, our studs being far up the country and most of them plun dered. But, oh, how many years will it take to wipe out the recoll,..ction of ail the atrocities these villains have committed ! There will be no love between a black and a white face for many a long day. This is, indeed, a bitter satire on the philanthropists who were for go verning India entirely by the natives, and admitting them to equality with us. They are savages still, and false to the core, and nothing but the sword will keep them in order. "I think the assault would have succeeded, but it is very questionable what we could have done inside that immense city with a handful of Europeans and some 15,000 Sepoys to drive out. We number 6,500 of all ranks, but our irregulars are all rotten and ready to tun , . The Ghoorkas (inhabitants of Nepaul) and Sikhs, on the other hand, are thoroughly staunch, and have a thorough contempt for the Hindostanees. Tile way in which the Ghoorkas fight is the admiration of the whole army." The following extract is from a lettar of an officer in the Bengal Artillery " Camp before Delhi, July 15. "I wrote you a long letter a day or two ago, but as some news of our action of yesterday may appear in the papers, and you may perhaps see my name among the wounded, I write a few lines, which will, I hope, be in time for the mail, to tell you that I amn very little hurt, and, through God's mercy, escaped death most wonder fully. " You know Dalhi, of course, so I will describe our position. "The English batteries and pickets are on the ridge between the town and cantonments, and these the enemy pressed very bard from early morn yesterday, occupying at the same time the suburbs on the right, called the Subjha Mucdee, now a mass of ruing, but a very nasty place for fighting—narrow streets, old houses, gardens with high walls, &c., affording excellent cover for the enemy ; besides which they are protected by the heavy gun batteries on the city walls. After some hard kht ing we drove them to the end of the road, where three branches go off to different gatee. Under the walls they made a stand, and from the narrowness of the place we could only get two nurse Artillery guns into action. "I was near the front, seeing how I could be most useful, when I observed one of the two guns almost un serviceable from want of hands, so many had been knocked over ; well, thinking, although on the staff, I was still a gunner, I jumped off myhorse, and helped to work the gun. The fire was too hot, two Horse Artil lery guns were perfectly useless against all the guns of the city, and some thousands of muskets blazing into us, so the order was given to retire. I mounted my horse, and called out to limber up.' The horses in the limber, from the shower of shot and shell that were coming in, got unmanageable, and I turned my horse to te:l the men to keep them steady, when a musket bullet hit me in the waist, about two inches from the spine. I had a small leather pouch in my waist belt for carrying pistol bullets, and the ball went through this first, so that my wound is very slight. lam getting on well, and as jolty as possible. " F. S. It." The writer of this letter once worked on the printing machines of the Times, but is now a ser geant of the Carabineers "Delhi Camp, July 11. "I hasten to give you what information I can with respect to the aspect of affairs here ; it is, as you may ex pect, necessarily meagre, as the intelligence we receive is usual) , vague and brief. The last three days have been exceeedingly wet, notwithstanding which we are con stantly in the saddle ; no sooner has one alarm subsided than we are turned out to meet the mutineers in another quarter. I can assure you that I would rather spend the term of my existence before Seba - stopol than have such a life a 3 we are obliged to endure here. For the last five days we have been turned out for an tissault on the city ; still nothing has been done, and I much fear that it may be some time before we get the murdering scoun drels into our clutches. Yon may depend upon it that the score, if we are permitted, will be paid in their own coin, and with compound intereA - . Our Commander is waiting for reinforcements before he makes the attack ; but delays are ever danger.,us- Cholera has made its appearance, and before half of our little army are laid upon our backs with sickness, my opinion is that we ought to run the chance and endeavour to take the for tress. I have heard it stated that there are only 20,000 troops coming from England. Why, you should send us at least 100,000, and at least 10,000 of them cavalry, as the whole of Bengal from Calcutta to Affghauistan is in a state c.,f revolt. The e )untry will have to be re conquered and held in subjection for some years by European troops. It wilt not be safe for at least three or faur years to trust to native regiments. We have instances of smouldering insubordination daily." the direction of Cashmere and are being pursued. You must feel deeply for India under this so unexpected Ltd so complete a blow. "Dear is at Lahore, and I feel very uneasy, as we know that the 46th and a wing of the 9th Cavalry have Goordaspore. There they may induce the 2d Ir regular Cavalry to fraternize with them, and per: aps also Davidson's Irregulars, and if they combine wi h the disarmed regiments it might be impossible to pre vent them doing incalculable mischief. - Still, they are prepared for them at Lahore and Umtitsir, but I am afraid not at Jullundur, which is almost entirely with out troops. Still we do fight and prosper against won derful odds. On the 9th, at Delhi, some 60 of our people had got into a serai in the Sutjha Mundee, and were surrounded by 1,500 ,Sepoys: They had not a percussion cap among them—absolutely nothing but their bayonets, and yet they fought their way out with out the loss of a single man. It is really wonderful how many have escaped—officers fired on by their men and yet get away in the most unaccountable manner. At Shajehaopore the tragedy was, however, indeed com plete. Not one escaped to tel 1 the tale as far as we kno w. How you will feel for Mrs.-- and Mrs.--. Poor Mrs. Mordaunt Ricketts is at Nyeee Tel with the Alexanders ; the Charles Curries have escaped, also the Stewart Reids. We look arxiou , ly homewards for help. I fancy the cry of agony and excitement throughout the land will be such as never has been heard before. Colonel Chamberlain is the only man of note in camp—next to him CA Longfield, her Majesty's Bth, and C 1. Beecher and Captain Da!y, Guide corps; but we want a leader sadly. We have a militia at Simla ; the station told off into four districts, under separate officers, with each so many men under them. The Goorka guard left at Jutug has behaved well since their regiment marched, and Lord Wen. Hay has many men from the different hill chiefs to assist if neces• sary. Tnere does not seem any ground for alarm at pre sent. The Bazar and all the private servants were dis armed some time ago and the arms carried to Kiss° wlee, where they have the depot of her Majesty's 750. Col. Stewart Monteith died here on Saturday." ASSEERGHUR. The following is a private letter from the fortre , s of Asseerghur : "The news from Mow and Indore is dreadful— offi cers killed, the Artillery and Europeans fled into the fart of Mhow, where they were on the 4th, and cowl I bold their own till the 14th, by which time the Bombay column would be near at hand. It left Aurungabad only on the 6tb, and cannot rtach Asseerghur before the 14:h and Mhow not before the 18t,b, not in time to save the garrison and all the Europeans in it. Col. Durand, the resident, and C , l. Travers escaped from it on the road to Mundleseer. Woodburn is gone sick to Poonab. 111 , j )r Follett is in command of the column till Col. Stewart, who is appointed, arrives. "July 10. "No further news from Indore beyond the report that more than one.half the European population there are murdered. K. writes that Mundleseer has not risen, as first reported ; a panic seized the place, and all lelt it. The native officers of the Bheel corps got drunk and quarrelled among themselves. The treasury had not been plundered, and things are getting more settle I there. The ladies that left it are likely to come here, and reside until quiet is restored. Asseerghur, which was left so long un protected, has been reinforced at the Commandant's (Cel. Le Mesurier'e) most urgent application, and now they see in Bombay the necessity of keeping it a strong hold. We present a motley group of mercenaries for the defaces of it—matchlock men, Candeish Bheel , , and two companies of the 19;11 Regiment, and a detachment of the 3J Nizyn Cavalry encamped below, with the Sciodish Contingent, which the Cmnalandant turned out of the fort as a precautionary measure, pitched .tear the Pettalf, whose teeth he hopes to draw on the arrival of the column. They are now quiet, but uneasy, and a report is about that they are going to h. ls, suspecting they will be disarmed. "July 12. " Yetterday in the afternoon, at five o'clock, the Commandant disarmed the contingent. Toe affair went off very quietly. The men behaved very well. There was no hesitation on the part of a single man. By seven o'clock the whole of their arms, accoutrements, and am munition were safely lodged in the fort. As these fellows are now unable to d.) any harm the Commandant has sent away the cavalry, and in a day or two will send the Canieish Bheels al,p. With the two companies of the 19th 11 , giment and the matchlock men he can ea , ily hold on until a few more companies of regular troop, can be sent. Colonel Somerset's L'glit Brigade has (I. 'era to march on Asseerghur to Mhow, but now that all is quiet here and in the neighbourhood, the direct road to to Mhow by the Siodwa Gli will be the shorter r. , ad. The last ten days have been attended with no ordinary anxiety to the Commandant. The act of removing the contingent so summarily as he did has proved to be, though hazardous, yet fortunate. Had he waited ano ther day the news of the occurrences at Mhow and Indore would have reached theu, and they might have said they bad rather not,' and preferred rather killing us or kicking us out of the fart first. "July 14. "The Commandant has managed affa'ra here - e eel lently, and so be has b-'en told by authority from B yn bay. We have just heard of the arrival of Cul. Durand, the Resident of Indere, at lloosungabad on the Bth inst. Re was one of t.4e few that escaped from Indore. He is an sous to hear of the movements of the Bombay column. We all learn now what ha wishes to to done with the contingent—where they are , to be seut. The C roandant hopes to be able to get a 1 their wo-neu uff, accompanied by their men, in a day or two. " Jnl' 16 " A report has found its way into the Poonale Obserrer that the contingent here had revolted, but without foundation, for they were removed out of the fort on the 6.h, arid on the same day,their removal was rep rted officially both at Poonah and B mabay. It was to lir,- vent the posidbillty of a revolt that the Commandant turned the fellows out so unceremoniously. He gave them no time to think whether they should capture the fort or remain quiet. Indore and illhow, places only about 100 miles from Asseerghur, had risen ; and this fortress was garrisoned by contingent troop - r, whose head quarter wing had mutinied previously, and there was no time to be lost in deciding what was to be done to prevent the mutiny extending here. " Yesterday we heard from Colonel Durand, at Hoostrigabad, aeking 'what accommodation there was here for ladies and families, as there were many with him, and more coming. We can put up about eight or ten families here, doubling up, the discomfort of which they will have to endure until they can return to their own stations, so that Asseerghur, which has been de serted for months, not having more than six persons here, will have at least four times that number if all the families come• " July 21. •' Colonel Durand and his wife arrived yestct day, and are putting up with the Commandant. They escaped from Indore with Ecarcely a thing w;th them. S;eyvart% column is at Boorampoor to-day, and will be hero to morrow. The whole of the G walior Contingent, except five c)inpanies here, have mutinied, and of the five here has also mutinied. Sad news recAved to-Jay of the surrender of Sir H. Wheeler and Ce,..vo pore to the mutineers, and thi it murder afterwards. The eaily arrival of Europeans will turn the bloody tide of events against the rebels, and a fearful punish ment awaits them. The atrocities of the mutineer, surpass the horrors of the French Revolution We rejoice the Commandant has got the treacherous scoundrels out of the fort, There will be plenty of work for our moveable columns alter the rains in setting the country. "July 23 "Heard to-day from Bombay. The Coma an Icr-in- Chief, Sir Henry Somerset, has already published a gene nil order, conveying to Col. La Mesurier, Commandant at APsecrghur, his thanks for the prompt any decided measures taken by him in relieving it from the charge of the doubtful detachment of the contingent, who at the time of the mutiny of the remainder of the corps were hdling the fortress, and so mainly contributing to the safety of that stronghcl.l. Three of the mutineers already alluded to were shot at a qua r ter past 6 o'el ck this morning by nine men of the 14th Dragoons. The whole affair was well arranged. Tue contingent fr >ops wore all on the ground, with Stewart's force. They were all trembling, thanking their turn would soon fol low. Several desertions from the company that mutinied have taken place. Some of them have been brought back, and will be tried and fl , gged, perhaps put to hard labour. Last night nine of them deserted, thinking, I suppose, they were to be shot too. "The mutineers of Delhi are fighting desperately, but, thank God, their ammunition is failing them, and then there will soon be an end of them. Their loss of life has been very great, and till grand attack by us will leave very few in Delhi alive. The tlrughter among them will be awful. "July 21. " Stewart's column marched this morning at 2 o'clock, en route to Mhow. C.l met Durand and wife, who have been living with the .C o mmandant, accompanied the force, and are guests of the staff naess. On the I,t or 21 of August the column will be at Mhow. a i v e lock his been thrashing the fellows right well at Cawnpore. Our way to DelLi is 1 ,oking cheerful. By the middle of S.epternher you may expect to hear in England bett,er news than the miti:e hive hi.heito taken, as out Euroy A n forces will then be well advanced to the seat of insurre, tion. The contingent here have been directed to march on the 27[11 en route to Mho w. They will be three dip,' march in tear of Stewart's column. A detachment of 50 Irregular 11.45 e have been kept here fur duty. as I told you before, his had nothing to do with this general rise in the country. It is a use to re-establish the state of things before the battle of Plassey, 100 years ago—the Mahoniedan rule." THE THROUGH BOOKING SYSTEM BETWEEN ENGLAND AND AMERICA.—The Mowing document, the corr translate in of which has been certified by Mr. J. R. Crowe, her Majesty's C instil General for Norway, ha been received at the London office of the Grand Trunk Railway Company of Canada :—" Chicago, July 20, 185'7.—We, the under,igned emigrant passengers from Norway, by the ship Hub; Captain Svinson (from •Zt-i -',anger), do hereby pubhdy die are that, on our lauding at Quebec, we were kindly and in the bait manner re• ceived by the Grand Trunk Railway Company, and therce conveyed through the country. We found the j. urn y comfortable and speedy, and the contract with us was in all respects str ctiy fulfillsc l . We therefore adviss all our friends at home, who desire to emigrate hither, to thee themselves in the hands of the said cow. pang, by whom they will be honourably. treated. The company sent us au interpreter, by name Airagrist, of whom we also certify that ho aided Us in all things, and was most solicitous to render our journey agreeable. All ottr luggage was in 'good order, and was correctly de. q 3. Subscribed with our own hands on behalf Of puotlyee sad othtv, T (tUrti follow 21 aigna!tuttp.) BIANCONI'S CA.RS. In the section of Ecouon:Cc Science, at the meet ing of the British Associ ction in Dublin, Mr. C. Bianconi reid the following communication on Bianconi's Cars : Referring to the synopsis of my e6tablitlynen', submitted in a cDncise form to your association at its session in Cork, in 1843, I now take the liberty of submitting some further particulars, embracing its origin, with its present condition, and the ex tent of its operations. My establi,hinent originatA immediately after the peice of 1815, having then had the advantage of a supply of first-class horses, intended for the army, and rating in price fromt,-n _ . to twenty pounds each, one of which drew a car and six persons with ease 7 miles an hour. The demand for such horses having ceased, the breeding of them naturally diminished, and after some time, I found it necessary to put two inferior horses to do the work of one. Finding I thus had extra horse power, I increased the size of the car, which hell six passengers—three on each Bide—to one capable of carrying eight, and in proportion as the breed of horses improved I continued to increase the size of the cars for summer work, and to ad I to the number of horses in winter for the conveyaucs of the same number of passengers, until I converted the two-wheeled two-horse cars int ) lonr wheeled cars, drawn by two, thr te, or four horses, according to the tr -ffic on the reseeeeive roads and the wants of the puldic. This freedom of communication has greatly added to the eleva tion of the lower classes ; for, in proportion as they found that travelling by car, with a saving of time, was cheaper then walking with a loss of it, they be gan to appreciate the value of speedy ct minunica tion, and hence have been, to an almost incalculable extent, travellers by my cars, where mixing with the better orders of soclety, their own mot al elev,tinn has been of a decided character. As the CA t atlisli ment extended I was surprised and deligh e I at its commercial and moral importance. I found, as soon as I had opened coinmiteiscation with the interior, the consumption of manufactured goods has greatly increased. The corn petition of parties availing themselves of the facilities of travelling was so g , eat, that instead of buying at second hand, after many profits, they were enabled to obt sin the sup plies nearer the manufacturer—in the more remote parts of Ireland. Fer instance, on my opening the communication from Tralee to Cahircivecn in the south, Galway to Clifden in the west, and Militia t ) Behnullet, in the northwest purchasers were obliged to give Bd. or 9d. a yard for calico for shirts subsequently sold for 3d. and 4d , thus en abling that portion of the population who could previously badly afford only one shirt each, to have two for a less price than was paid for one, and in the same ratio other commedities came into general use at reduced prices. The formation of my first car, conveying passengers back to back, on the principle of the outside car—now so much used in Dublin—was admirably adapted to its purposes, audit frequently happene I that, whilst on one side were sitting some of the higher classes, persons as opposite in position were seated on the other. Not only was this unaccompanied with any inconvenience, but its effects were salutary, as many who had no status ware, by coining jute casual communication with the educated classes, inspired with the importance of, and respect for, social posi tion. The growth of railways necessarily affected my establishment, and. diminished its operations, by withdrawing from it 10 two-wheeled cars, tra ' veiling daily 450 miles ; 22 four-wheeled cars, tra velling daily 1,620 miles; 5 coaches, travelling daily 376 miles—making a total falling off of 37 vehicles, travelling daily 2,452 miles. Notwithstanding this falling off, the consequent result of the extension of railways, I still have over 900 horses, working 35 two-wheeled cars, travelling daily 1,752 in Ls ; 22 four-wheeled cars, travelling daily 1,500 miles ; 10 coaches, travelling daily 992 miles—making 67 con veyances travelling daily 4,244 miles, and extending over portions of 22 counties, viz., Cork, Clare Car low, Cavan, Donegal, Fermanagh, Gal :say, King's, Kilkenny, Kerry, Limerick, Longford, R iscomin on, Leitrim, Mayo, Queen's County, Sligo, Tipperary, Tyrone; Waterford, Wexford, and Westmeath. Anxious to aid as we'l as I could the resources of the countryi many of which lay so long unproduc tive, I tue I this establishment, as far as possible, to effect so desirable an object. For instance, I enabled fishermen oa the western c oast to avail themselves of a rapid transit fir their fresh fish, which, being a very perishable article, would be c ,moiaraiively p•ofielsss unless its conveyance to Dublin and other suitilie markets could be insured within a given time, so that those engaged at the fisheries at Clifdein We-tport, and oth,r places, sending their pro lute by my conveyances in one day could rely on its reaching its destination on the following morning, additional horses and special conveyances being provided and put on in the pro per seasons. The amount realised by this valuable traffic is almost incredible, and has largely contri buted to the comfur% and independence now so hap piiy contrasting with the 1 imen able condition the west of Ireland presented a few years since. I shall conclude by two observations, which, I think, illus trate the increasing prosperity of the c ointry and the progress of the people. First, al thee:4h the population has so considerably deer( aced by end gration awl other causes, the proportion of travel lers by my convey'sere is greater—thus demonstrat ing that tee pe plc appreciates not only the money value of time, but also the advantages of an est ib lishment designed and worked f r stheir particelar use and development, now 42 years in operation. • Secondly, the peaceable and high moral bearing of the Irish people, which can only be known and duly appreciated by those who live amongst them, and who have, as I have had, long anti co: start in tJru)ursa with them. I have therr '7 fore been equally surprisei and pained to observe inn portions of the respectable press, both in England and Leland, re peated attacks on the morality of our population, charging them with a proneness t o vio'ate the law anti with a disregard of private property ; but as one fact is worth a thousand assertions, I offer, in contradic tion of these statements this indisputable fact :—My conveyances, many of theme LI rying very important mai s, have been travelling during all hours of the day at d night, often in lonely and unfreqta uteri. places, and during the long period of forty two years that my establishment is now in exist ence, the slightest injury has never been done I.y the people t ) my property, or that entrusted t ) my care; and this fact gives me greater pleasure than any pride I might feel in reflecting upon the other rewards of my life's labour. Mr. NEWMARCH observed that since the intro duction of railways, the (Inland for cars t ) convey persons short distances had been greatly increased, and as a consequence tl:e number of persons ein : ployed as drivers and cutlets was much greater than before, as was also the extent of laud brought under cultivation for the purpose of meeting an in ci eased demand fe r oats. Mr. W. PARR asked Mr. Bi inconi whether, ac cording to his experience, the working of a horse more than ten miles a d y for each dry in the week would be injurious to it? Mr. BIANCONI said be found by experience that he could work a horse eight. miles a day, for six days in the week, ninth better than six :Liles a clay for seven days in the week ; so that by not work ing on Sundays he eff, etel a saving of 7 per cent. FRENCH .A.YD ENGLI.II FISHER 3I 11T. On Wednesday the Nor , h Shields magistrat, s held a long inqui;yin the Town-hall into a charge preferred by William Templeman, a Tyne fisher man, and his beat's crew, against Pierre Charles Lohelelor, master of the French fishing lugger No. 274, of Boulogne, of having been guilty of an in fin,ction of the fishing regulvions hy fishing within three miles of the N,..rthtunberland coast, and damaging his (Templeunan',) ne's ; there was also a second charge, of assault. Mr. Kewney, of the town-clerk's office, prosecuted. As the reader is aware, a great number of heavily manned luttgers from the northern ports of France pursued the herring fishery in the Nordi Sa. There is a cou vention with France prohihiting the fishermen of either country from fishing within three milts of their neighb iair's coast. The regulations are strictly enforced upon the coast of France, but until this season the British Admiralty has been very re gardless f the interests of their fishermen, and down upon the north-east coast, .where our men fish in small coble:z they have suffered fearfully through - Cie French boats coming within the presmib-d boundary and. sweeping their nets away. On Saturday morning fat Templeman's boat was fishing within a mile and a. half of the Northumberland coast when th > defen dant shot within him and c irried away the greater part of his rets, and u on the n en belongit , g to the cohle geing alongside of the lugg r the Frenchmen attempted to hide their number,-and one of th rn trio Ito knock Templeman into the sea. The E kg lidrnen, however, secured the number, but up m pulling away they were chased by five of the 1u2,.- gor's crev in a bo it, who tried to &ilk them, and fa,il;ng to do that, bring five to three, they heat and ill-used them. Tempi- , man upon reaching land sought out Lieutenant Simpson, who is Ili on the coast with the Oter steam cruiser, who imm diately went in search of the lugger, and captured it off the Durham c)ast, bridging it and tl:e crew into the Tyne. Tamplemae swore that he was in 10 fathoms water wh n the Frenchman shot iuscle of him ; the Frenchmen swore that they were within 25 fathoms, but oven iu 25 fathoms they were within three miles of the shore. The Bench, after a very careful inquiry into the facts of the case, adjudged that the defendant pay the pleintilf 281. damage alai lose, or have his vessel dealt. 'd in port four months, EXTRAORDINARY TRIAL IN ALGERIA. A trial of extraordinary character, and likely to be fraught with important consequences, has just teen concluded in Algetia. So sparingly has public attention been generally at'racted to the internal affairs of that African colony that the Parisians themselves appear taken by surprise at the parti culars revealed, and the subject has now for some weeks been discussed with incredible and unceasing nterest on the other side of the Channel. It is now almost a twelvemonth ago—that is to say, it was on the 12th of last SeptembEr—that a public conveyance started in the middle of the night from Tlemc,n for Oran, two towns at no great di,tance from each other in the western districts of Algeria. It was attacked on the road by armed men, exactly as might have been the case iu Spain or Mexico, and, among other casuslties, one of the passengers, an Arab chief of consi,!eration, styled the Aga Ben Abdallah was shot deed. His widow, who had previously lost three other limzbancht, and all by deaths equally violent, raised an Oriental clamour at this climax of her woes, loaded her-elf with chains, tore her garments and her hair, and pub'icly demanded vengeance at the hands of the Govern ment. Alter some ineffectual inquiries the atrocity was at length laid t r the charge of a French officer —CaptaifiDoineau, who, wit-r some 18 Arab ; 4 CC , ,m -plicei, was put to the bar at the Court of Assize at Oran to answer for the crime. The proceedings which eneued were singular in the extrenae. The mixture elicit-d in the depositions of civilization and barbarism, of Arab manners and French adminis tration, of military rule and civil procedure, presents a picture so discordant in its tea ures as to be almost bewildering. The first fact in the case, indeed—r hat of a bonafide chief of the Desert—the real genuine Sheik of the Beni Snous, having me • his de An, not on horse back or under a tent, but in the coupe of a dig oice, is a suggestive specimen of the incidents which fol lowed. When we say that the principal witnesses against the chief culprit were those who stood ac cused of the same crime, and that they perpetuaLy contradicted themselves and each of her, we shall have said enough to excite() ourselves from entering upon the judicial portion of the narrative any fur ther than. to add that a conviction has been ob tained. Even the incidental disclosures produced by the trial will not create quite so much astonish ment in England as they seem to have done in France. It appeared in the evidence that the military Boards of Administration in the colony, at the head of one of which had been Doineau himself, had exercised an authoritytranscending in its rigour and its despotism even the recognised-severit i es of martial law. Sumniary executions were ispok , -n of as notorious transactions, and in certain districts of the colony the military administrators pronounced their decrees, even in matters of life and death, without so much as the form of trial. We trust we may assume that in no British dependency have the abuses of 'colonial rule ever been pushed to such a length as this ; but, as we are colonisers by in stinct, as we know what it is to maintain authority in countries where life as well as government is to be preserved only by daily vigilance, we can com prehend without difficulty the excesses to which soldiers might be carried when charged with the administration of a territory in which every man's hand was against them, and that hand well armed. Considering, in short, the character of the Arab population, the position of the French colonists, and the duties intrusted to the French army, we cannot profess to be much surprised that the dependency, when left to itself, without inquisitive supervision, should have yielded such examples of government as were related on this trial. The most notable feature in the transaction we discover in a diffcreut quarter. It might have been not unnaturallysupposed that in a country where the suppression of public in formation is readily practicable such proceedings as these, involving so many unpleasant disclosures, would not have been suffered to emerge very freely into light. The result, in fact, has occasioned an extraordinary amount of scandal, and the conduct of the midtary Boards has been severely criticised, not only in ordinary French circles, but in the Cabinet itself. All these conditions, however, have been frankly accepted by the Government of the Emperor, and the whole case, with all its attendant anecdotes, has been tried, canvassed, circulated, and ,scrlitinised with as much freedom and publicity as could have been commanded among ourselves. At Oran itself the interest created was remarkable. Officers from all parts of the co'ony were attracted to the trial, and the court was even attended one day by visitors from an English ship of war which had come to anchor off the town. In France the public journals have seized upon the topic with an avidity very intelligible,. and the details of the in vestigation have been placed wi hout reserve bef re the country. What is of greater importance, this publicity is working out its proper ends, and it is understood that the trial will probably produce a reform of the adiniuistration. throughout Al- (feria. We need not ascend the annals of France very far to find a Government under which no such di-clo sures as these would pi obably have been permitted. The Emperor, however, bas taken the responsibility of the oecation with equal courage and wisdom. The person inculpated by the researches of the police, though an officer of high prof-s-ional character and considerable position, was publicly arrested and pro secuted ; the trial was unreservedly open ; the in quiries of the Court were carried withont impedi ment into all the details of the colorrial ad ministration, and the reality of the abuses alleged receives a proof from the resolution - of the Government to effect a reform. We are bound, indeed, to an knowledge that not even under our own constitu tion, with all its machinery fur detecting and • denouncing wrong, could any nrse have been more thoroughly sifted, more freely discussed, or more unshrinkingly exposed than that which has just terminated at Oran. It maybe anticipated that such an example will produce good fruit. There is no greater political mistake than to assume that publicity is injurious, and that the governed classes of a country should be kept systematically in the dark. The old saying that what is unknown is always great applies with as much force to demerits as to merits. The actual reputation of Algiers is not likely to be deprec'at-cl by anything that has bQen disclosed, while it may be reasonably assumed that reform will f Tow on exposure. It was always probab'e tat in a colony withdrawn to a great extent from coguisauce, ruled almost as a matter of necessity upon-principles mainly military, and still hell in some quarters at the bayonet's p int, the law of the sword should occasionally pledominate in an unwarrantable degree. Men who hold their own lives by hourly tenure are not likely to set a high value on the lives of others, nor is it surprising that an authority des potic in its essential character should degenerate into a vicious form of despotism. The French officers who lived among Arabs and governed Arabs as',best they could adopted, not, indeed, justifiably, but in pursuance of known temptations, an Arab code of jus:tice and an Arab form of proce dure. What was related of some of them on the trial would, if related of Arab or any Oriental authorities, have bee, regarded as perfectly na tural. The scandal of the French public has arisen from the abrupt and jerring contrast produced by the administration of Tlemben end the administra tion of Ririe when the two sp, cimeus were :wrought unexpectedly toga' her. The evil was occasioned by keeping the affairs of these communities so much apart. Had the ey,s of Frenc'imen been always directed to the colony, the abuses of 'its govern ment could never have assumed such a magnitude ; and the publicity now g:verr to the subject is the best pledge and security for effective reform.— Times. THE NEW LAW OF DIVORCE.—POWERS CONF±RicED OW ASS Z JUDGES. The ohject of the la?gislature in enabling the Judges of Assize to entertain original applicaions under this act, seems to be that of saving exp , ?nse to the parties iu bringing their witnesses to L-m -don from a distance. the power, however, is confined to application for the restitution of con jugal right, and for judicial separation. The ap plication must he by petition to the Judge of Assize at the assizes held for the county in which the husbAnd and wife reside, or have last resided together. Upon satisfactory evidence being laid before him, he may make the decree prayed for ; and when the application is made by the wife for " judicial separation" he may mike any order for ai.mony he may deem just. The act does not say whether the petition is to be heard in open court, or otherwise, but it is presumed that the s ime course will be adopted upon petitions presented at the assizes as the full Court will pursue where p titinns are heard before them. The Judge of Assize may delegate his authority to any of her M ijehty's C. unsel or Sergeants named in the Commission of AssizP, who, for the purpose of deciding upon the matters of such peti tion, are vested with all the powers which the Judge himself might exercise. This is a power beyond that given to the full Court, and, it is Presumed, will be exercised only in exceptional cases. All the other powers which may be ex r : lised by the full Court, except receiving and hearing peti tions. fur the dissolufon of marriages, are a l so vested in the Judge o f Ass. ze, including the power to make orders as to the custody, maintenance, and education of chil iron. All orders made under the powers 133 conferred may, upon the application of the party obtaining the same, be entered as an order of the full Com t, and be enforced in the same ntannisr as if originally made by the Court.—Advertiser: ORDERS OP KNIGHTHOOD. The followinc , return was mo ve d fo r by Lord Habana on the 10th of Ju'y last : • Detailed account of the sum of 4,625/, ICI , . 7d., charged in the civilcontingencies for robes, collars, badges, eze.• for knights of the several orders (included in the Lord Chamberlain's office accounts for extra services for quarters ending 31st December, 1855 ; 31st March, 1856: 30th June, 1856 ; and 30th December, 1856.) ORDERS OF THE GARTER AND THISTLE Goldsmith—Two silver boxes for Great Seal of the Order of the Garter for the King of Sardinia, 22/. ; two silver boxes for Great Seal of the Order of the Garter for the Sultan, 221. ; repairs to a collar, making as new two garters, two silver hooks to stars, 121. 15s. 6d. Robe maker—Complete robes of the Garter, silver underdress, heron's plume, &0., fur the King of Sardinia, 3461. 11g. 61. ; same for the Sultan, excepqn, the underdress, 2791. 194. 61. ; t so mantles of the Order of the Garter and one of the Order of the Thistle, 1901. 18s. ; Mantle for Garter King to wear at his mission to invest the Sultan, 221. ls. ; garter riband, 11. 6d. ; attendance at Windsor tc robe the knights, 31. 3e. Herald Painter —Banner of Kiug of Sardinia in St. George's Chapels 271. 17e. 6d. Stationary-office—Triennial supply of sta i,ionery to the regis rar of the Order of the Garter, 71. 4e. ld. Total, 9851 12e 7d. ORDER OF THE BATH. Gold3mith-140 new military companions'badges, at 161. 9i. 9 . 1.. 2,3781. se. ;15 new civil commanders' do., at 131., 1951. ; 30 ne w civil companions' do., at 101. 1 5 . 91i., 3021. 14-. ; 9 new silver enamelled strrs, G.C.8., at 171 10s., 1571 103. ; 2 new silver enamelled stars, civil, G.O 8., at 161. 184., 331. 16'. ; 18 new raj' ;nary K.O B. stars, at 141 103., 2611. ; 3 new civil K.C.B. stars, at 11/. lls., 341. 13:. ; re-enamelling, and making as new, 12 collars and 88 badges, 2651. hooks to stars an,i badges, 71 12 Embroiderer-- 0 military G.C.8., embroidered ' , tars, 20 K.O B. stars, 281. 103. Total; 3 6941. Be. Credit by parts of three badges unfit for red,puti 41. 103. Total, 3.6891.18 x. NORMAN MACDONALD, Comptroller. An Account in detail of the sum of 2,1361. 63. 81., charged in civil contingencies for fees payable on the nomination of eight general military officers, three admirals, and others, to the dignity of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. Amount of fees charged on the nomination of eigh t general officers, 1,3141. 13e. 4d. ; ditto of three adadra/m , 4931. ; ditto of two civilians, 3281. 13s. 41. Totals 2,136/. 6s. Bd. The fees charged in each of the above cases amount to 1641. 64 81., which sum is composed of the following tems :-- Fees Due-To the dean of the order, 221. 6s. 8,1„ ; to the genealogist, 221. ;to B : ith King of Arms, 221.; to the regi,ter, 221. ; to the secretary, 221. ; to the messenger, 181. 131. 4d. ; to Bsth King of Arms for the book of the statutes, 61. 13s. 4d. ; to the secretary, for notice of election, Cl. 13s. 4d. Total, 164/. 6s. Bd. WILLIAM LAW, Receiver of Fees. An account in detail of the sum of 3891., charged in the civil contingencies for fees payable on the nomination, of several officers and others to the dignity of Knights C. nimauders and Companions of the order of the Bath. Amount of fees charged on the nomination to t he dignity of the Knight Commander for 24 militia officers, 481. ; 9 naval officers, 18/. ; 1 medical officer; 21. ; 1 commissariat officer, 2/. ; 5 civilians, 101.; l v French officers, 321. Total, 1121. Amount f fees charged on the nomination to O f : dignity of Companion for 119 military o ffi cers, 1191.; uft' naval officers, 531. ; 8 medical offiTers, 81. ; 3 o r ' °/ 4 ; o" missariast officers, 31. ; 5 civilians, 51. ; 89 Fr Officers, 891.. Total, 2771. The tee charged for every Knight Commander is 2/ '' and for every Compauion is if., and are payable to L be secretary of the order on each appointment, in accerti' ante with the statutes of the order. ALBERT W. WOODS, Acting Secretary of the Order' Heralds' College, July 25, 1857. Country Markets. MANCHESTER—SEn. 3. With an average attendance this morning there W l4ll _!‘ better feeling prevailing than of late. New English vill°,7 was in good demand at fully last week's rates, whilst al: as also American, sold steadily without change in Yalu a Flour a limited supply, and more sought after, Oats al oatmeal steady at late rates. Beans rather slow of 0 10 the currencies of this day se'nnight. NEWARK—SErv. 2. We had a good supply of grain to-day. The best " lA' plea of new wheat is lower, and inferior at 4s reduotiou-g Wheat, white 608 to ti6s, red 56s to 603; barley, 46s to 525, grinding 38s to 40s; oats, 24st. 36s to 353, 1 8 6 1 32s to 34s ; beans, 52s to sis ; malt, 73s to 80s ; Po"' to 488 ; tares, 54s to 58s per qr. LOUTH —SIiPT. 2. A plentiful supply of wheat to-day, which was ratha hwe W heat,, Oats and beans as lt qu o ted. heat, 53s to 53s ; extra, as —s ; barley 393 to 42 5 ; " I° 22s to 27s ; beans, 45s to 495. BOSTON—SEPT. 2. There was a good supply of wheat at the mark etO• day, chiefly new, and a large attendance of buyers. Tul prices were at about last week's currency. In Spring a" no change in value. Prices :—Wheat, red, 52s Od. to 56s Od; new, —s to --1,„ white, 56s tht to 58s Od , extra, 60s. Barley, Os Od to 7 Od. at, 23s to 295. Peas, 40 to 43s Od. Beane, 4" , Oa to 493 Od per qr. GLASGOW—Sgrr, 2. There was a fair attendance at market to-day, a tij a rather better business was effected in wheat at 3d t ° 6d per boll cheaper—new Scotch sellins at 21s to 26311 2',0;b9. A small parcel of new foreign marks red sold ati 295. Flour met an improved sale at previous rates. 493 , at late rates. Barley as last quoted. Oatmeal 6d l owe.. Beans firm. Peas must be quoted 6d to is per boll dearer' Canadian sold at 23s per 2801bs. EDINBURGH GRAIN.—SEPT. 2. ' Thera was a middling supply of grain in the market t° day. The sales ready, and all kinds of grain dearer. se Wheat, on the top, 3s 6d down, and on the a vers gA is 2d up. Barley, is Od down on the top, and 3 op up on the average. Oats on the top is 6d down, ell u op a the average 7d up. Beans on the top is 01 down , on the average Os 8d up. AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. ' Wheat - £2 2 8 1-12th. Do. new Barley Oats ll2 2 10-12ths. Beams i 2 7 10 10-12ths . Total Supply and Sales. Wheat 905 qrs sold 580 4 0 Barley 945 qrs sold 72 9 V ii Oats 1005 qrs sold 744 4 0 Beans: 47 qrs sold 37 V° DERBY SMITHFIELD.—SEPT. 1. 0 A moderate supply of fat beasts to-day, which Wel' il lys good request, and last week's prices fully maintained- '00(1 attendance of buyers was large. The number of sheeP v a lambs about the average, and sales heavy. A large agr;od of fat pigs, and readily disposed of. Fat calves scarce , slightly dearer. The following were the quotations ...—Beef, 6bd d o st mutton, 7d to 7id ; lamb, 8d tol—d ; veal, 7,1 tc 70 4 .,`,01 lb. ; pigs, lOs Oilto 10s 3d. per score; rough fat, 6s 2' —6ja per 141 b.; hides, 41d to 6;d per ib ; calf-skins, 40 14 per lb. LOCAL SHARE MARKET'- LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 3. rl Ol STOCK EXCHANGE.—The transaction' in this A- 11 0 4 1 have beou limited, and prices steady, at about the c4)4-' rates of yesterday. Lancashire and Yorkshire, oa, Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 40f i—C.led„ ° %-'. 403—North Eastern, Berwick, 23i—Ditto York, 3 ,10) Ditto, Leeds, 25. - . 1 -London and N,rth-Westerne , fish —Great Northern, A Deferred, 11—Eastern Co ° ol 11i—Midland, 82—Great Western, 551—Lancaster, up% ths, p 82—South Easttlrn, 21$ —Grand 11 0 0 of Canada, 124—Lancashire and Preston, 35 P. -- British, 12 x n.—Great Luxembourg, 7i. MANCH ESTER, . 3. STOCK EXCHANGE. The market was rather e 7r to-day, and a good business doing. Blackburne. t os —Shetfields, 40—Leeds, 100A—Dovers, 27 7-1 6—Y 4 r Counties, 11.3.9. Great Western of Canada, z i od Great Western, 54--Isaidon and North Wester ne %il r —Ditto Eighths, 9-16 d.—Grand Trunk of Canada , Cheshire Junct., €6--Midlands, 82 IL—East Lana° 96t —Sheffields, 31 per cent., 65. BIRMINGHAM, SEPT. 3. tc STOCK EXCHANGE. The market has been steaw et tle day, and prices have been about the same, with 41 business doing. Local stocks in demand. BIRTHS. OF • BON. Dad! On the 2d inss., at 2, Lower Berkeley-street, the Annora Williams Wynn. °47l‘ On the 2d ,ust., at Brighton, the wife of Lieut ensl4- John Bower, Madras Army. OF A DAUGUTER. o °ll On the 2d inst., Wivenhoe Hall, E sex, Lady C-- h 3r° do Crespigoy. job ° On the 2d inst., at 41 , Regent - square, the wife of Balfour, Esq., H. E I. C. S. MARRIED. On the 2d in -t., at Maberly Chapel, London, Mr. Grimwade, of New Earl-street, Cannon-street west, en :401 4 ston, to Hanu h Maria, eldest daughter of the Rev . '- Philip, of Maberly Cottage, Dalston. /0( On the 2d inst., at St. Mary's Church, Lambeth, i"• . r fibf Miles, of Mount-street, Westminster-road, to Susa n gee' only daughter of John Wisby, Esq., of Holly House, nington-road, Lambeth, Surrey. D I E D. On the 2d inst., James Houghton, Esq., of rfer —e Su yrre, aged 80. On the 2d inst., at Yair House, Selkirkshire, AleTa nder P3ingle, Esq., of Whytbank On the 2d inst., at Elmdon Rectory, near Birminghalil44o Venerable William Spooner, formerly Archdeacon of Cv try, aged 80. k i te On the Ist inst., at Ventnor, James M. Bloxarn, of Lincoln's inn. gjeg , On the Ist inst at the President's Lodge , J oshua Esq., LL.D., Pres ident of. Queen's College, Cambridge, "D OD, 1413tliti* On the 31st ult., at Pollok, Renfrews hi re , Lady v ol. Harriet Maxwell, wife of Sir John Maxwell, of PolloklL On the 31st ult., at Parkgate, Cheshire, Mrs. g e °`"' Edwards. Nc LONDON : Printed and Puhiished by MURDO of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Oitc° , i 112, Strand, in the Preein et of the Savo y , in the cod a Uiddltisox, Friday , Mepteraber 4, WT. 11) in 1(c Deposit aPP!ica, Pam N° and oth Vernor thortty be Moe be obta , 0 the c 1 ti cleseripti 17 tl.e 9th tpon pa the 1 0 6 (Lir/lite( lA' end fors SI/A RE 13RITIs AtbE 81 D J ,„n RITE The; ^A N, 11 sail C . hers "le 141 raq e 4,, e , 0 Th e B t l ll , O Dass^ risen hrio For frl th Ylss , Caren do n and Thy T at tin t date of iq e "" -.4 coar ., ° en/ Ifi "este, a aYs At at _vllb e Z!tttri o, la EL the Eust O cnti I'~ 4 7 a( 9 a r 9 ; '( I 4( 5 8.4! Le 11 1,7 3, . 5 , t ) , lit,