The Sun. — London, England, 1847-09-18 00:00:00

1 OP 1 S ) Wall , po rtso- Pris')ver TIANK OF ENGLAND, SEPTEMBER 16, 1847. The Governor and Company of the Bank of England give notice, s That a GENE Rl'. COURT of the said Company will be held at :Ocir Rouse. in Thr-ailneedle-stree:, ou NN , EDNV.SDAY NEXT, the 22d : , , t n paiit, fro m Eleven o'clock in the Forenoon until Four in the After for the determination by Ballot of the :ollowing question, viz.: That a Dividend be made of 41. 104. per Cent. Interest and Pro for the iialf-year ending the 10th O. tuber next, without any de mnctiQn on account of the Income-tax. - • • anal °ll [ y g iven, , Sop er ot for' ng Quid °' r g oin t g , r i so ne.f A ngtio ll in, ppd 111,1 pot ms. The and the porter )ery, are t on the a small tell eon )e Mae- JOHN KNIGHT, Secretary, rEAST INDIA HOUSE, SEPTEMBER 15, 1847. IE COURT of DIRECTORS- of the EAST INDIA COMPANY do hereby give notice, at 4 Propri e tor of East India Stock has Postponed, until the 4t their House, Court of the said Company, appointed to be lied Auelr House, in Leadenhall-street, on WEDNESDAY, the 22 d inst., 7 s hOtice 'which he had previously given, viz. :-- Tiutt he will direct the attention of the Court to the contents of j:t 4l Pers recently printed by order of the House of Commons, re 71tre to the case of the ex-Rajah of Sattara." a Proprietor has gives notice, that at the said Quarterly Ge :(!eart he will submit the following motion, viz.:— That the Rajah of Sattara having been deprived of his throne, C"red of his property, and driven into banishment, without hay tre; $ `'een heard in his defence against the charges imputed to him, Court is of opinion that such a procedure is repugnant to tie Iwples of justice, whether moral, social, or political, and that the Credit, and true interests of the British government, no less the regard due to the rights of the natives of India, require 7 4 ' it should be reversed." tached , cmigu t enea manner in which 't is cult' d, and the great exertions which have been ately made to preserve it from the ravages of the Spey, by means of artificial embankment, convey to the mind a vivid idea of the benign and fostering influences of an enterprising and resident proprietor. Spending some time in the grounds, the royal party then returned to the Castle, and, after partaking of a cold collation, took leave of their delighted guests. The royal cortege arrived at the floating bridge about six o'clock. Her Majesty, in returning, wore a grey hooded cloak to protect her from the cold air. It is now arranged that the Queen and the royal Party will pass through the Crinan Canal on Satur.. day, and the squadron will anchor the same evening in Campbeltown Bay, and sail thence either on Sun day or Monday morning —most probably the former as I understand the tide will be more favourable for entering Fleetwood on that day. The royal party will, in that case, pr ocee d to London by railway on onday. to hi! the Pi a d ser er tha t to the 0 . The Ott, but . _ UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. S. WATERLOO-PLACE, PALL-MALL, London ; 97,. Georgo. street, Edinburgh ; 12, St. Vincent-place, Glasgow; 4, College Grefi n, Dublin. FREE-TRADE CONIMESS AT BRUSSELS. 14,ussms, SEPT. lt.—The first sitting of the Con gres des Economistes was held this morning in the hall of the Hotel de Ville, which has been placed at the disposition of the society by the municipality. It is a long and lofty chamber, with a dais at the upper end. Here was placed the table of the President and Vice-Presidents. On the level of the floor, at the side of the hail, and to the right of the President, was the tribune for the speakers, a simple semicircular pulpit, decorated with a slight drapery of blue stuff. The tables for the journalists were ranged along the side of the hall under the windows. The wall behind the President's table was decorated with the flags of the different nations represented in the Congress. A space was railed off at the lower end of the' chamber and thrown open to the general public. Soon after ten o'clock the members began to arrive, and some time before the proceedings commenced the hall was full, though not crowded. The . number present included the gentlemen whose names were forwarded yesterday, with the addition (from England) oflir: Ewart, M.P. At eleven o'clock AL Ch. de Brouckere (late Minis ter of War and Finance), to whom the presidency has been given, took his seat. The PRESIDENT opened the proceedings by con gratulating the assembly on the completion of the task they had undertaken, and the formation of the Congress. They , h...nd met and were about to take an finroitmiatti li v m e . step ib w ei hi m c . h ou d l i d d a n l o l t require any justification t o thank them for their attendance in the narad • of the alliance of mr. tions and the fraternity of peoples. A revolution had been accomplished in industry and science as well as in politics ; progress in the arts of industry and dia.- coveries in the world of science had, in the present age, given each other the hand and united their powers to alleviate the condition of the working classes. To them it belonged to direct these two forces, political and industrial, to that one object, in stead of leaving them to produce perhaps mutual destruction. The progress of arts and the liberty of commerce both tended to popularize doctrines which had hitherto only been known to, and acknowledged by, the few. They were now about to make a great step in advance. This was not, indeed, the first time that citizens of different countries had met together; but hitherto in such assemblies the discussions had turned only on theories of philosophy. They never met to consider the material development of the re sources of nations. There had often been congresses of crowned heads, but their conferences hal been de voted only to the consideration of war, of battles, of military power, and territorial aggrandisement. He did not visit kings exclusively with the blame of this ; it must be ascribed to the ignorance of the mass of mankind and the duplicity of diplomatists. The present Congress was the first in stance of nations meeting on the principle of frater nity. In the course of action they were adopting, they were putting in practice the divine precept of the Gospel, " Love one another." — (Applause.) He then referred to the different classes composing the meeting; he saw before him statesmen, legislators, capitalists, merchants ; he might take th e assem b l i ng together of such varied occupations as a proof that in reality all their interests were the same. He pointed out the state and condition of England, where the principles of free trade had made such progress ; he cited its wealth, its industry, and the comparatively good condition of its working classes, as the objects they should propose to themselves to attain. He dwelt particularly on the necessity of paying the ut most attention to the condition of the working classes —in their welfare every one was interested. He alluded to the superiority of employment as the means of improving that condition over any organization, however vast, of the principle of charity; the univer sal application of that principle would end at last in conducting society into one vast almshouse. He re minded them that they were living in an age of tran sition ; the equality dreamed by the levellers of so ciety could not exist for a single day, but men had a just claim to equality in the liberty both of their per sons and their industry.—(Applause.) He con cluded by again thanking the members of the Con gress for their attendance, and formally declared the sitting opened. The four Vice-Presidents—the Due d'Harcourt ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. LECTURES on CHARACTER, with Musical Illustrations, by Mr. J. RUSSELL'aceempanied by Dr. Wallis, on the Pianoforte, every Evening, at Eight o'clock, except Saturday. Dr. Bachhoffner's LECTURES on NATURAL PHILOSOPHY will comprise the sub • ject of the ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, &c. CHEMICAL LEC TURES. To the WORKING MODELS, explained daily, have just been added GALLOWAY'S APPARATUS for ascending and de scending INCIINED• PLANES on RAILWAYS. The beautifl OPTICAL EFFECTS include the last DISSOLVING VIEWS. DIVING BELL and DIVER, with EXPERIMENTS, &c. the Methuen treaty with Portugal, and accused Lord Aberdeen with having used the language of menace to the German Governments. M. NATALIS BLANQUI, in an agreeable address, marked with a light, lively humour, narrated some of the consequences of the protective system, and stated what it would produce if fully carried out. He drew largely in illustration from the state of Spain. There the protective system was in full perfection, and the whole trade of the country was in the hands of the smuggler !—(Applause.) The people were demora lized by it, for men were just what bad laws made them; tel systeme, tels hommes. It was ridiculous to talk of national independence; every nation was, and must he, dependent on others ; without America, England would be deprived of her immense cotton trade. The primitive system of supplying everything from within was impracticable; the order, keep yourselves to yourselves, absurd. While de scribing by way of illustration some details of the manufacture of shawls in France, he returned again to the effect of protection in increasing contraband trade and excited some amusement by saying that the couriers of the foreign ambassadors were the greatest smugglers in the world. The contrabandist was the worm continually gnawing at the foot of the tree of protection, and would destroy it without the aid of congresses of economists or any one else. Dr. BOWRING, M.P., having been named by the President, ascended the tribune, and was received with great applause. The Hon. and Learned Gentleman addressed the assemby in French, claiming the in dulgence of the Congress while addressing it in a language foreign to-him. He was glad of the oppor tunity of meeting some statements made by the de puty from Prussia with respect to the Metheun treaty and to Lord Aberdeen. He had described the treaty as advantageous to England and disadvantageous to Portugal. It might have been advantageous to Eng land at the time, as it secured it many privileges ; but that treaty had been destroyed and abolished, and that by England itself and in its own interest. The destruction of that treaty was one of the first move ments England had made in the direction of freedom of commerce. The apologist of the system of pro tection had talked of Lord Aberdeen as using the language of menace to the German Governments. He had read the whole of that correspondence and had never found any menace in it. He would render that justice to Lord Aberdeen, though he did not share his political opinions. He wished that foreign Governments would follow the good example England had set them. Everywhere England soughtreciprocity, and in the great changes she had lately made she had asked nothing in return from foreign countries. He instanced the opening of the Chinese ports under the Pottinger treaty as another instance of the moderation of England, who, in that case, only demanded for herself what was accorded to all the world.—(Applause.) He did not think pro tection had succeeded in Germany ; he was sure it had not succeeded in England. In England they had many branches of industry. Protection had never saved a weak manufacture; certainly it never did anything for a strong one.—(Applause.) The in dustry of England was dependent on foreign produce. Their soil was not very favourable to production; their climate was not one of the most beautiful. For cotton they depended on the United States; their silk trade was dependent on France, Italy, China, and the East Indies. He admitted that England was dependent on every nation ; but he must assert, also, that - England had rendered great services to those other nations in return.—(Applause.) The effect of free trade was not only material; it had a moral consequence. The time bad arrived when nations, like individuals, should seek their own happiness in the happiness of others.--(Applause.) What was called the spirit of nationality would be lost in a large philanthropy, embracing the whole world.— (Applause.) As an Englishman, he was glad to be able to say that they bad done something in the good cause, but they were not yet satisfied ; they had set their hands to the work, but much remained to be done. On returning to England he hoped, with his Hon. Colleagues, to be able to tell the English people and the English Parliament that the Belgians took great interest in the qiestion of commercial liberty, and engaged themselves solemnly to give it every possible development. In England the question was beginning to be comprehended. He could not tell what would be the position of parties in England ; he could not say which party would have the prepon derance, but in a late appeal to the people they had replied, " Do all to advance the cause of free com merce; that is your mission, and the Minister who will do the most for it shall have our best support."— (Applause). The Hon. and Learned Gentleman concluded with a reference to the English League, and urged them to follow the example it held out to them. THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO THE HIGHLANDS. (From the Court Circular.) ARDVERIKIE, SEPT. 15 . —Yesterday Her Majesty and his Royal Highness, accompanied by the Prince of 'Wales and the Princess Royal, walked into the Forest in the morning. In the afternoon the Prince, attended by the Mar quis of Abercorn and some of the . gentlemen of the household, went to the hills ptarmigan shooting. The Ladies Harriet and Beatrice Hamilton arrived on a viz-it to her Majesty. (Establithed by Act of Parliament In 1834.) In 1841, the Company added a bones of 2 per cent. per mutual on the sum assured to all Policies of the Participating Class from the time they were effected. Parties wishing to secure the bese fit of the next diyision of profits in 1848, should make iunnediata atppli cation. When the insurance is for life, only one-half the annual preinium need ba paid for the fifst five years. Evt:ry information will DU' afforded on applicatien to the Bea leent Director, E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., No. 8, Waterloo place, Pall4.uall, London, where prospectuses, &c., may be had. I anted aga i n st 1 it out* a Nola ne lat°' Admission. I s:; Schools, Half-price. JAMES C. MELVILL, Secretary. THE REGISTRATIONS. THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPII COMPANY, London, 345, Strand, September 1, 1847. COMMERCIAL TELEGRAPH. n ie T he WorkS of the Lines for commercial communications between e m „P l aees enumerated below, embracing a system of Telegraphs for ~:"..thercial purposes only, and distinct front that reserved for the mot that o 6 f: , lailways, being so tar advanced as to admit of their the commencement of the coming year, the Directors ti::. that the time has now a , rived when it becomes their duty to ‘e known the arrangements which , they' contemplate for the ac . °dation of the public. ithoes will be opened in central situations in the principal Towns, *01 4 7 Messages and Dispatches will be forwarded to and received , 111 all the other Stations of the Electric T e legraph Company. order to give to Merchants, Bankers, Manufacturers, and all 114 u red with trade, the greatest possible amount of information, a terike,.:ll,ll be reserved in eac't of th e Company's Stations for Sub- Ifge ut ; - .. 11 which will be received, tabulat ed, and exhibited, all intel °l eetilmercial Or public interest; for instance— . Ship Lists from the various Ports. Share Lists from the various Exchanges. Prices Current. Stock Exchange Lists. Corn Markets from:the various Towns., Lin Prices of Live Stock, &c. , &c., &c. London. a Central Station, suited to the im p ortance of the Me oi lted .IS in course of erection in the im mediate vicinit y of the Bank b 7 or th rYal Exchange ; in this Station the whole Telegraphic News 16,7 country will be concentrated and forwarded in every direc ,--e-d-4 en d here, ai in other Towns, a Room will be reserved for Sub tle' • fi.... Subscription to these Rooms will be Two Guineas pe r a n num , *:- ml I n advance, which will en title Subscribers to the right of en- F a r to all the Subscription Rooms of the Company, including the ,thral Station at London. t ea e foregoing detal , s some of the advantages of the Commercial 14.,.., e gra1ah to Subscribers,—but the requirements of the Public iii ge- L' it -- "will be provided for by the Establishment of Offices, which will 111 1 ,,tilnes be open for the reception or transmiss!on cf Messages ld dispatches, while Messengers will be kept at the various Stations, ,whom di s p a t c hes may be scut out to any part of the Town where • j mu Communication has been received by Telegraph at the Coln - -- ,Y" , a Station. 2Zebseribels' Names are received at the Commercial Telegraph Of ..' where any further information may be obtained. he following are the Towns to which the Commercial Telegraph Le nt r o jiTst extended : kas - ,:: Barnsley Peterborough Chelmsford ate Wakefield Yarmouth Ipswich b oa gate Leeds Huntingdon "York it - Halifax Ilertf rd _ Darlington e r it o 'Rochdale he ..„ Manchester Newcastle Canterbury null Leicester Berwick ICertbam kai - n. --Pton ' ... astone Derby Edinburgh -,.. rentry "ronbridge Nottingham Glasgow pie g h, Gosport Lincoln Scarbor ugh AMC oTer. ln South ,mpton Chesterfield Bridlington AMC . -ThPton Winchester Sheffield t?ra Stamford /. be ate r Dorchester Bradford Norwich Bristol Wtsbeach St. Ives i l letlfe rha l ni Gloucester Lowestoff Ware Cheltenham Cambridde Colchester J. LEWIS RICARDO, Chairman. DISEASED AND HEALTHY LIVES ASSURED. MEDICAL, INVALID, and GENERAL LIFE OFFICE, 25, PALL-MALL, LONDON ; 22, NASSAU STREET, DUBLIN ; GROSSE . GALLENGASSE, FRANKFORT and BORSEN PAS , AOE, HAMBURG. Subscribed Capital, 500,0001. This offiee was established in 1841, and possesses tables formed on a scientific basis for the asgurance of diseased lives. Policies of twelve months sta , icli , g are not affected by suicide„' duelling, &e., and Assigned Policies are valid from the date therecd; should death ensue from any of these causes. Pol cies issued by this Society give the Person whose life is assured„ permission to go at any time beyond limits of Europe, on tilt) payment of certain. but small and fixed, rates of premium, which are: indorsed on the Policy at the time when first issued. ItEALTHY LIVES, both at Home and in Foreign Climates, are, Assured with as much facility and at lower rates than at most other oflicea; and a capital of Half-a-Million sterling fully subscribed affords a complete guarantee for the fulfilment of the Company's engagements. Prospecttises and Forms of Proposal will be forwarded, postage free, on application to any of •the Society's Agents, or to FRANCIS G. NEISON, Actuary, 25, Pall-mall, London. CITY OF LONDON. (13efore.Alr. T. Y. M‘Carusm.) FINES ON OCIRSEERS. The Act of Parliament, which directs that over , seers shall deliver in their lists on the first day of the holding of the Court for the revision of the lists of voters, enacts that in default of their so doing they shall be subjected to a fine. Several overseers did not comply with this enactment, and on their deli vering in their lists to-day, Mr. M'Christie fined them 2/. each, observing that gentlemen who under took the duties of overseers were bound to discharge those duties in ,accordance with the, law, otherwise great inconvenience must ensue. MO . tt ' lll°ei anS lin nal of ' lCt g j ea , walC. h of h il l: i ght t. 1." Me . COURT CIRCULAR. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Gloucester and the Duke of Cambridge arrived in town yester day morning from the residence of the Royal Duchess at Richmond. Their Royal Highnesses returned to Richmond in the afternoon. The Chevalier Bunsen, Prussian Minister, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yea. terday, at his official residence in Downing -street. Mr. Grenfell had an interview with Sir George Grey, yesterday, at the Home.office. The Right Hon. Edward Strutt, Chief Commis. sioner of Railways, has arrived in town. Mr. Wickham, Chairman of Stamps and Taxes, had an interview yesterday with the Chancellor of the Exchequer. IMPORTANT DECISION. By the statement we published yesterday, it ap pears that the Conservatives have objected to no less than 2,279 voters, while the Liberals ha ve on ly ob jected to 1,181. Deaths and removals could scarcely account fur such a sweeping riddance of men who only a few weeks before were entitled to the fran chise. The cases which have been brought before this Court explain the matter, and the decision to which the Revising Barrister has come seems very well calculated to put a stop to this wholesale system of making objections. The process is this :—The Conservatives—and for IL R OVIDENT LIFE OFFICE 50, REGENT STREET, LONDON, • Established 1806. INVESTED CAPI CAL, 1,200,000/. Annual Income 140,0001. Bonuses declared 529,0007. Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 1,520,0001. . PRESIDENT. . . The Right Honourable EARL GREY. DIRECTORS. MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. FR EVENING. The daily a nx i e t y regarding failur ID es AY has been ful filled this morning to a more distressing extent than we have yet had to record. The house of Reid, Irving, and Co. has suspended, and the liabilities are estimated at 1,500,0001., the amount of acceptances alone being upwards of 900,0001. The failure, more over, irrespective of its amount, derives importance from the circumstance of the head of the firm being one of the senior directors of the Bank of England. The cause of the stoppage is to be found in the way in which the firm had extended their operations, not only without a corresponding extension of capital, but in the face of an annual diminution of their means consequent upon the gradually increasing weight of inconvertible investments. A sum not less than 600,0001. is understood to be locked up in real estate, and other property, in the Mauritius and the West Indies. The Earl of Macclesfield. I Rev. James Sherman. The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird. Henry B. Churchill, Esq. Sir Richard I). King, Bart. I William Judd, Esq. Alexander Henderson, M.D. James Sedgwick, Esq. Capt. W .John Williams. Alfred Beaumont, Esq. John Deering, Esq., M.P. George Dacre, Esq. William Henry Stone, Esq. Richard Sherwood, Esq. 1. The Rates of Premium are those adopted by the principal Life Offices, the rate without bonus is lower than that of most other offices. •l. The Bonuses are added to the Policies, or applied to the reduc tion of tl_•e Premiums, or may be received in cash as soon as de ,;lared, at their then present value. 3. Loans are granted upon the Policies issued by this office, or the Policies are purchased at their lull value. 4. If a party neglect to pay for the renewal of his Policy, he may repair the omission any time within twelve months, upon proof of good_ health. Bonuses paid upon Policies whi aught we know the Liberals too—have a list of the voters before them ; they send canvassing letters to these voters through the Post-office ; •to these letters either no answers are given, or the letters themselves are returned, endomed " Not known," " Gone away," "No such person,'° &c. Ttiereupon, notices of ob• jection for non •residlence are served on the overseer, or the clerks of the Livery Company, as the case may he, and they are sent also to the supposed residences of the voters. The, time comes for adjudicating on these notices, but the agent meanwhile has ascer tained that he has no foundation on which to rest his objections, and when the parties appear in Court the agent says, " It is a mistake, and I withdraw my objections." The voters then claim their expanses. " No," says the agent, " I have withdrawn the ob f o r the at On al IniOde4lA or tb"" to of t 0 0,0- ,cre DOW Life insured. h have become Claims. Sum insured. Sum paid. John Wharton, Esq.. Skelton Castle Sir John Saunders Sebright, Bart... Sir Wi,liant Wake, Bart. .. Earl 5trathm0re................. • • • • • •• • • • • • • • 5,000 5,000 5, , .00 5,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 £ s. d. 7,706 6 0 7,652 13 3 7,500 5 9 7,128 15 8 4,509 1 1 3,411 1 3 1,862 4 11 a ble th i Opt ° :NOTICE to o f G OODS and PAR -otrinPs Per PEN S- I H N!U P L P t E R R an S d ORIENTAL ST EAM NAVI -11,06i: C OMPANY'S STEAMERS to INDIA and CHINA. A tt for . 8 am PARCELS s nt direct to the Company's Parcel-office .warded at less cost to shippers than when sent through any in eVles channel. are received np to the last day of the month to go by the the and till Six p.m. on the 1 7th of each month for the N ati .ue 2 0th. e iti lt t2st - not ex cee d 100 lbs. weight each for Men, Ceylon, Ma ,:titta, and China, and b 0 lbs. each case for Bombay. L'oDped — i tt . age for In :: la or China can, under any circumstances , be Southampb,n, unless it be cleared through the Custom aro *.otah Placed alongside the steamer by Noon on the 19th of ea ,h I • Wig led Particulars will be given on personal application, or by . , St itr Axe. m EEN'S VISIT TO SCOTLAND t 4) :( 8/ 7 11 IR's CHEAP EXCURSION TRAIN from LONDON to 21 . 4 144, 11 QU and BACK, leaves Euston-square on TUESDAY. the , Is,. "nt, at Half-past Six o'clock Morning. Fares-11. 12s. 6d. ; thill as sey t 31 . 41. H from Edinburgh to Glasgow and Ayr—" The Land of o b conn pares -6s. Gd., Bs. 6d., and 10s. 6d. tZeir + l l ion 'with the above, a Four Days' Steam-beat Tonr from "' the Highland Lochs, Hills, and Glens, being the route ,ktt y Nlowed hear returning, Mr. Muir will accompany the 2 ?" re p t ares, c i going y e k an ;io r rn etu in r g n . ing . , 11. 10s. ' 4ll Train leaves Edinburgh for London on FRIDAY, the Ist 10...41441"14 te -ea:ntir laegnOtod' ' other particular a s n app G ly ar t t s er M a r ; _d tr oh 3 l i t ar M ti n n i ,s r :lan ls9 e; Jappr at the Star d S lication is necessary. 4 it A T WESTERN RAILWAY. •1 4eMbir ect TENDERS OaFR LOANS. 46.7"4,qq Mi of this C pany re ready to receive TENDERS tha.'nols.c_curity or the Company's Debentures, In sums of A and for,yet ch, per ent. interest, payable half- Apit e , ttw terms of Three, Five, or Seven years. t 040,04 na to be made to the undersigned. CHARLES A. SAUNDERS, Secretary. Paddington, August 20, 1847 Rev. IL W. Champneys, Canterbury The Marquis of Wellesley • • ...... • Earl Cathcart .. jections, and therefore you have no right to any ex penses from me." Apart from the want of prudent calculation thus shown, the present case, it is believed, may be de scribed as an ordinary mercantile failure. In former days the house possessed a capital far beyond most others, and there is reason to believe that the difficul ties which have brought about the present result have been of that gradual character which often escape re cognition until a fall in produce or a permanent rise in the discount market brings them to a fatal conclu sion. The balance-sheet of the house, as now made up, shows, it is said, a nominal surplus of about 330,000/. ; but this it hardly can be doubted arises from valuations of the Mauritius estates, which will prove entirely delusive. Although it is said that an aggregate of more than 290,0001. has at various periods been written off from the total at which they were originally valued, the probability is, that if brought to sale these estates would still be found to have been enormously over-estimated. The firm, it may be added, were the agents of the Spanish and also of the Venezuelan Governments. Sir John Reid was Deputy-Governor of the Bank in 1837, and Governor in 1839. In connexion with this and with each of the other disasters which have re cently fallen, it must be pointed out that as far as the real stability of commercial credit is concerned, nothing has yet occurred to beget terror upon the part of those houses who may thus far have conducted their business upon sound and recognised principles. All the evils which have yet taken place have (with some small exceptions) either had their origin in direct speculation or been the natural climax of a long con tinued state of weakness, which to those acquainted with it could have left nothing but the actual date at which suspension would occur a matter of much un certainty. Painful as all individual cases of distress must he (and few will be regarded with more regret than that which has to-day occurred), it should still be matter of thankfulness rather than of alarm to the solid trader, that however a course of speculation or of incautious extension may seem for a time to yield results with which his own unob. trusive progress can present but a slight comparison, periodical storms will certainly arrive when the dif ference between real and spurious credit will be tested, and when commerce will be restored (at least until the lesson shall again have been forgotten) to its sound and legitimate channels. Even if the surround ing evils were ten times worse than they are at this moment, we do not believe that any house which could clearly show that it had pursued a course of business steadily confined within the fair limits of its means would experience any difficulty in obtaining every aid that would be essential to avert the conse quences of any merely accidental pressure. For the true and rational trader, come what may, we have there fore no fear. Our only apprehension for the future is, that the number of those, especially among the community at large, who have been tempted to depart from the straight road, is far greater than has yet in any quarter been anticipated. —Times. Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon applica tion to the agents of the office in all the principal towns of the United Kingdom ; and at the head office, No. 50, Regent-street. JOIN A. BEAUMONT, Managing Director. This is exactly the shape in which the question has come before this Court. ;TS. %etirt Os Fifth.' ATIONAL LOAN . FUND LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 26, CORNIIILL, LONDON. Capital £,.100,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament. This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages with respect to life assurances and deferred annuities. The assured 't Ls, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for eiture of the policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table); tlso the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in t n*ests to meet other conveniuncies or necessity. Assurances for terms of years on the lowest possible rates. DIVISION OF PROFITS. The increasing prosperity of the Society has enabled the Directors at the annual meeting held on the 12th May, 1847, to declare a fifth bonus, varying from 35 to 85 per cent. on the premiums paid on each policy effected on the profit scale. EXAMPLES. The question is argued thus :—The objecting agent contends that, unless the duplicate of the notice of objection (which is in his own possession) is produced in Court, there is no proof of any objection having been made ; and as he is the only party who can pro duce that duplicate, he, by withholding it, protects himself against the liability of the charge of having made a frivolous and vexatious objection, and cannot, therefore, be made subject to pay any costs to the voter. JAMES' BARBER, Superintendent. On the other side it is argued that the objection enures from the moment the notice is served, and that the party objected to is under the necessity of appearing in Court to sustain his vote, otherwise he would be disfranchished. The vexation, therefore, has been committed the moment the notice is served, and on the voter appearing and proving his right to vote he has a claim for costs. . I Penns, ISrun the -1,1 Annual Policy Bonus 111 1 nent Re- Assured Age. 5 '4 . , I Pre- j taken addition Bonus in duction of may bor = cn r, minim out; In Assured. Cash. Annual row on Premiums. Policy. A s. d; £ s d. A s. d. A s. d. r 1837 243 9 311 . 2 8 5 18 4 6 494 8 10 1838 218 4 8!.99 8 10 15 13 5 445 0 0 I X Ig 1839 192 1 10) 86 9 3 13 4 9 39 5 1 1 1 80 1000 74 3 4 1810 143 510 66 8 4 919 1 346 2 3 1841 138 14 2 61 17 6 9 9 2 296 13 4 , 1842 111 6 8) 49 10 0 710 4 247 4 8 Sottit i rg A 11 1 1. obs.re: ;t 101 7 iffier !s' - gtesio* Several cases involving this argument occurred both yesterday and to•day. We will mention only one of them, as showing the extremely vexatious na ture of this mode of proceeding : Mr. Nias, of Islington, and a freeman and livery man of the Blacksmiths' Company, was objected to by the Conservatives for non-residence, and yet that gentleman stated on his oath, that he had been an in habitant of his present residence thirty-one years, was the owner of twenty-one houses in the neighbour hood, was a professional man, and was as well known as anybody living in that part of London. To this Mr. Brown, the Conservative agent, had nwhing whatever to say, except that he had been told that there was no such person living at the house mentioned in the list. re, Cril Bradshin a m: Meet __Drort. The Annual Report, with tables of rates, &c., nay be bad at the office, or any of its branches in the country; or, on application. wil' be forwarded post free. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary. Dedicated by permission to the Right lion. Sir Robert Peel. Now ready, in 2 vols., demy Bvo., ISTOR Y of the BANK of ENGLAND, from 1694 to 1847. By JOIN' FRANCIS. Willoughby and Co., Amen-corner, Paternoster-row; Effingham Wilson. Royal Exchange. (France), Colonel Thompson, M.P. (England), Count Arrivabene (Belgian), and M. Hesser (Berlin)—then took their seats. 16. 01 Enir wf, 45fi a thY°rt, An , •b 13 6 alb ittOt A" On Tuesday next will be published, in Avo., price 10s. Gd. cloth, THE THIRD VOLUME OF BISHOP JEREMY TAYLOR'S ENTIRE WORKS. New Edition, revised and corrected, by the Rev CHAIMES PAGE EDEN, M.N., Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. *.* Vol. 11. (the first in order of publication) contains the Life of Christ. Vol. 111. the Holy Living and Dying. London : Longman and Co.; F. and .J. Itivington ; Hatcher(' and Son ; Hamilton and Co. ; Simpkin and Co. ; J. Capes and Son ; J. Bain ; E. Hodgson ; 11. Washbourne ; It. G. Bohn ; Bickers and Bush; J. Van Voorst ; C. Dolman. Oxford: J. 11. Parker. Cam bridge : J. and J. J. Deighton ; Macmillan and Co. Liverpool : G. and J. Robinson. Birmingham : H. C. Langbridge. Mr. Nias said, that the Conservatives had come into his neighbourhood canvassing about the time that his house was undergoing repair, and during that period he occupied the adjoining house. He sup posed the assumption of his not being a resident there arose from this circumstance. The PREsinimr announced that the averetary would read the lists of the foreigners present, the native members of the Congress, and the names of those foreigners who had been invited but could not attend. The several lists were then read by the secretary, M. Le Hardy de Beaulieu. This proceeding of form occupied some time. Tea, II d e e ' 53' : ,4 ro w Rod 1 5, 14 6 '. 'Lad 136r‘ Mr. Brown then said, that he saw Mr. Nias in Court yesterday, and told him that he had ascertained that there was no objection to his vote, and that he need not give his further attendance. Mr. Nias—Yes, but I told Mr. Brown that as a professional man my time was valuable to me, and that I should expect my expenses. Mr. Brown—l offered you ss. Mr. Nies—Five shillings to a professional man! Tile Marquis RiDor.rur, as deputy from the Academy of Political E conomy an d Agriculture of Florence, read a communication conveying the ap proval of that body of the object of the Congress. The PRESIDENT then read the order of the day, which opened the discussion on the first of the themes submitted to the Congress_' The general principles which form the basis of political economy, and of the doctrines maintained by the advocates of free trade ;" and called on NICOL L'S SHOOTING, FISHING, or RACKET JACKET (Registered) is eicually well adapted for a sea-side or country stroll as for field or athletic sports. Its mode rn e price of One Guinea, and the easy sensation experienced by the wearer, together with much convenience of pockets, neatni ss of ap. pearance, &c., will recommend it also for the merchant's counting house or student's library. Suitable waistcoats are also ready, which correspond with the jacket in colou - , &c. These can be had of the Patentee's recognised provincial agents, and in London only at 114, Regent-street, and 22, Cornhill. f 011 1 tO r , we 030 lath If 60 0 1. 11%1 u,to to or d lipt. 4 , ,u ; ow- , Itos B I ) ORTSM'AN'S INVITATION. About a week ago, or rather bettor, While walking in a field I found a letter ; I leking it up, and finding how it ran, -„ a saw 'twas written by a sporting man. And now for MOSES' sake I can't do better, Thartlet you hear the contents of , D ear „ THE LETTER. or, hope you are well and hearty, O ur s.r, we want you in a sporting party. itayworthy friends Popp, Marker, Shott, and Ramm Ant e a , ll agreed to ' co le, and pleased I am ; 1:11 4 n„ .4r. I hope you'll r.nd join us too, ..10, - w tell you what we have in view. tbat ave agreed to what frieu Popp proposes, I) ,.. v eJY one shall wear a coat from MOSE:n , our taste, as sportsmen, will be shown, Alo ne bug shooting -coats which stand alone — Alone 1 q u alltY—alone in style— Itost,!t lasting us a long, long while. Ant thatr-' td SON deserve support from us, ry e s the reason I address you thus e, Pe of DOSES' coats, and really, Sir, Apd sense its just what I prefer ; ti.Z..3'et it cost but very little cash, SO to MOSES, like your friend, FRED. FLASH. LIST OF PRICES. elm nrer Codrin *ADE TO =ABUSE. 0- onii. 511 k co r a n, front ••••..• • • • •• ........ £0 16 6 r and cuffs ...................... 1 2 0 0 441br14 " Coat 11,, s e ed Co ats • lined throughout ••..•••• • • • • • • 2 5 lcrs'esrting C oat ••• • • ...... ......... 0 16 0 0 13 6 dquality max , • ........ .• .. ••• • • • 1 12 0 ock Coat kractu.ret •••••• • • 2 15 0 qtrality ...... •• .• 1 15 0 Dattera Y eats 4 ettlrea • •• •••••• • • • • 3 3 0 ere, or 0 8 0 A~¢l Trousers milled D oeski * *; 1 • •• . ............. ..... 08 0 sq or Dress ditto -I°4 • .• ••••• • • • • • • • •• • • 1 2 0 1 6 0 Tunic S Ults •• ...... ......... .... 1 5 0 DIADT JUDE. lii o fr erettom • Ing' •••• • • • • •• • • -• • •• • I, l l:lltt erna ch estertiel n d Polkas, and alt the newest 018 6 Co• • • ...... •••• • • • • ..... ••••••• • • • • • • 0 18 0 bl;ii t e in g •• • "" • ••••• • • • •• • • ••trom 0 8 6 tau. Coat "• " •• • • .. ••••••••• • • • • • 0 6 6 l t % up , rt , ne . a .. ••• • • • . ...... .......... o o tltr c oat superior coat. •• .. •••••••• • • • • • • ' I is o Itei• i k,Supe r n__ ue ********* •••••••••• • • • • • • • • • . 1 4 0 eats a stsuperior coat from 2 2 0 v O 2 0 O 4 6 °use r , „„ ..... 0 4 6 • •••• • 110,8-I,,,,u4Ssirnere or Doeskin .. •• • . • ~.... 010 6 01% „, 4 rlie and Hussar suits • .... 0 18 6 jyli.sccntior. of Ladies is especially directed to E. MOSES and stock of Furs, which will be found on inspection to be the '4%1 het assorted, and cheapest in the trade. Reserve your pur• Tievr L _ oils... Work, entitled " FASHION'S FAVOURITE," with a -v p,, s liea t i,, n ees• and Directions for Self-Measurement, can be had on ....uile t ,„L'oi or forwarded post-free. Z 4k e, t , , ,! °.—Any r article purchased, ready made, or made to num .. not approved of, will be exchanged, or if preferr e d, th e 1 10114 1 :41 1 37and SON, Tailors, Weollendrapers, Cloth! Hatters, t Athis , F urr iers, Boot and Shoemakers, and G eneral Outfitters, for and Gentlemen, 154, 155, and 156, 157 Minories, and 83, *l* fi, and 86 Aldgate, City, London. Wittln.—E. Moses and Son regret being obliged to guard the . against impostors, but have learned that the untradeaman h• - "fthood of being connected with them, or It's the same concern, Llsi7_ l l resorted to in mazy instances, and for obvious reasons. .1 4 4 t,.."'Ve no connexion with any other h o use in or out of Lon don; Who desire genuine and cher , p clothing, &c., should call at, `cs Min ri and Aldgate, Ciy, London. L t a %,,..-gs i , --1• To business transacted at this est) r li es sh am me ed nt tu frig . :x; till sunset SattudaY, when business t ost ;-----____ ----- - -lilt SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND NI Ntl Trt MATURITY. da l , TWINTy-yIYE COLOURED ENGRAVINGS. Dm "' PUbibp s _ °lllee4 g • rid. „ ""ml, Twentieth Thousand, in a sealed euvelope, SI DratiOn, ' l 4 . forwarded, post paid, to any address, secure fr om ' I LI% pp„ a e• Gd. in Postage Stamps totith °4 Ilarrb„."-t'SERVATION : A Medical Treatise zt, i i ta 4 p 4 ; - ag, and on those Secret Infirmities and Disorders of ''ult, "mh t e """r , lY, that are Secret ally acred at an early period of 11. re t nd an the to destroy physlcal and en tal energy, ardour, pas ,e.taikelliauret L g at r tri eytu butes of Manhood. illustrated , with Twenty .the D._ gs on the Anatomy, Physiology , and Dis pr,,.sttuuttuLuary and Reproductive Orgaus, explaining their atkiTZed t o 'l l iuses, and functions, and showirg the injuries that tauttl'4l by solitary habits, excesses, ani infection. 41 4h 4ea Obs ervation c e s on the Treatment of Nervors Debility, " I .'tu tional Weakness, Syphilis, Stricinre, and other Lii.4ll. 4 )4., 6. 1, ted , neon B4 iftrE L LA!ME G 9 RT, CONSULTIN SURGEON, rd-street, Bedford-square, Lend • -11 01 'l l 4 4 : t li t f 0. 1/t elpher of the University f Edinburg on 12, Honerar. : ue London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of 16..t1t4 06 --...., London, &c., &c. k-qc, b lrl ,, at . ~., CONTENTS OP THE TREATISE. 0,, "14 )4 4 0 11ev,. j4 the Philosophy of Marriage, with its Hindrance , 211„747, t, -- -z,, an th d e en. Anatomy and Unproductive Unions.— , e .I,r f ,,_ , knatomy and Physiology of the Generativ. 444 e 5..."2 0 Pi. e 7n r . structures, and secretions, proving that grey et.. l ua u . . 6 1 , 74_ Power are dependant upon their healthy action k , 4 % tit zto notzty . holitary Habits; their various effects o th . fiN iii p u ecti, : the concealed cause of Debility of the fun c tio n 17.‘_14biculti es. ' Ai ngs , and Brain, and general weakness of th uZutiu 11.rity. and e n • PT s a 4. Oa the Secret Disorders of Tout; . -- .7 b i ,:ehtu t „ the Treatment of Nervous and Local Weakness. "set hlorde r . J.L.,,Lnd Premature Decay.—Cmsrreas ii and 6. 0: ) —11, 44 4 ,."aing from indiscriminate Excess, Strictures, and k.lt o l l ai lt k.. I,_ 1 ON ...... EEVTRWS OP THE WORE. . I,_l ..,1 1 :L LP- PRESERVATION.—KRNT AND RICHARDS —This 1i7 0 71t14 1 Ptibik; v o tntages over e-ery other other of the kind . s b eelun,t'dtnt, W ho The author is a medical man of some c u on - - is ti..... ot r d a o gu has devoted many years to the study of his 1n414_ - ;t 1 rtm n, . om arantee of his pretensions ha testimonials h vi a toe " t is lont ',7 l _ ,e. as in the work, and several of of 1 Dort au f' ums and surgeons of great eminence, which re. in .._ tu mr in. consideration to those wh , from the ll pecu ar 161 11 be r "nfters. ~,u rn iniea, are obliged to ' eir e;' by b its s u bj ect ist seek medical assistance k ilabu i teak re Y Its Perusal the rented altogether in an excellent ki tI CE, fin,:liaBiPation unfortunate victim of vicious habits tth lz,,t g z 4 . e t ab, eo _2_ will be enabled to account for peculiar 04:4:111 ''. :d the Author means of alleviating their su ff erings 'and .-- ae nted Service Gazette. t and ki li c t Authorbe bad at his residence; aloe A ktaiuk . . . 1 star a i retg. 62, Paternoster - row; -, 4, treet„ 0 , Mei : th orn r-row; Hannay and Co., 63, e- street ' Qnadrant t Gordon, 146. 44 44 4'5 b e lles, t°4 Newten . 16 . Church-street, Liverpool 1 14 tal • fa der t 4 tht ; c"lattitatio n do , f And az le ._ Y. from Nine till Two, and from Wor adobe -.cr. i min „,,,. m , ,5 tv .... 9 ~ ....telY replied to, if containing "'vial, BEDFORD-STREET BEDFORD. NO MORE MEDICINE OF ANY KIND. HE ILTII, SPIRITS, and COMPLEXION RESTORED. The NATURAL REGENERATOR of the DIGESTIVE ORGANS (the Stomach and Intestines), WITHOUT Glysters, Baths, Pills, Purgatives, or Medicines of any kind, BY A SIMPLE, NATURAL, AGREEABLE, AND INFALLIBLE MEANS, called " THE REVALENTA ARABICA" (a nutritive and eminently curative fecula derived from an African plant). The Revalenta Arabic., is not a medicine, but a simple ali mentary substance, agreeable to the palate, more easily digested than any other food, awl, in its immediate effects upon the stomach and intestines, eminently curative and strengthening, radically re moving and healing even the most inveterate affections of these viscera, which it restores to their primitive vigour and activity. By removing all disorders from the stomach and intestines, and enabling these organs to perform their important functions freely, and to supply the system with a healthy chyle, the " Revalenta Arabica" eradicates, in its ulterior effects, all the host of refractory, obstinate, and painful diseases which have their origin or their seat in deranged or weak digestive organs, such as indigestion (dyspepsia), dysentery, costiveness, liver complaint, weak and extinguished appetite, fetid brsath, nervous headaches, hemorrhoidal affections, obstructions, and irregularities in the menses, lencorrhata (the whites), sleepless. ness, nervousness, biliousness, general debility and wasting of the body, languor of body and mind, hypochondria, gout, scrofulous and strumous affections, asthma, dropsy, gravel, &e. Nice and Paris, at the House du Barry and Co. To be had at their London depots : —Messrs. Decastro and Peach, G 5 and GG, Pic cadilly; Messrs Alibis and Co., GO, Gracechurch-street : and W. II Moore, 109, Strand ; in packets of 41b. each, at 10s.; Sib. each, at 16s. ; adding Is. per packet for packing-box, &c , if ordered to be sent i❑ the country or shipped. A Treatise on the Cure of the above diseases through the Revalenta Arabica, entitled the " Na tural Regenerator," may be obtained at the above depots, price One Shilling and Sixpence. Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel. p ON PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA A New Edi C tio n n . , Y eni & m N rg D ed i t li o published, price 2s. 6d., or Pl9,El)plaMgeEsNjTuSstTO MARRIAGE. by post, direct from the Estatili , hment, 3s. 6d. in postage stam p s, THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex cessive indulgence, infection, and the in.rdinate use of mercury, with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain tits qualificatons. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and L. PERRY and CO., 19, Berners-stroet, Oxford-street, London. Published by the Authors : sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Starie. 23, Titeliborne street, Haymarket ; anGordon, 146, Leadenhall-street. PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings. PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive indul gence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative ineapacity. It is illustrated to Three Explanatory Engravings. PART 111. Treats et the diseases resulting from infection, either in the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for their treatment. The consequences of early neglect and of the abuse of mercury, are also clearly pointed out. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured Engravings. PART IV. Treats of Perry's Preventative Lotion, by the use of which the clangers of infection are obviated. It combines with the virus chemically, and destroys its power on the system. PART V. Is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its duties, The causes of unproductive union, are also considered, and the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into. TIIE CORDIAL BALM OF STRIACIIM is exclusively employed in treat ing nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., 11 s. and 335. per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary symp toms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury,' 1 Is. and 335. per bottle. Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and I is. per box, a certain remedy in gonorrhoea, sleet, strictures, and chronic inflamma tion of the bladder. Perry's Preventative Lotion, an application to obviate the danger of infection, 335. a bottle. Consultation fee, if by letter,which 5/. Packets with advice tube ad at the Establishment O n n er ly i ; R b t y r e et,fromt the i Eleven ee, tail 1/ , s s T a w v ed o ; and Attendance Five to Eight;dai iy a o t n 19, Sundaysße - from Eleven to One. A R R I A G E. te Diffidence, or a supposing them married, questionably and miscalculated hopes em -311 One half the world are T y ol cz at n el t y en sin d gle,and the other sense of right determine the former, of caution and worldly prudence, and the Indissoluble, Physical Incapacity, bitter the latter. The solitary one may shield htmselfunde r r eg t re he t p i le: . cotnprosing hurry ; but the truth lies deeper. and broken health, are th d e ow g r r; and social content. Theedoont nl only st i c marriage happinessset_ Blighted hopes or In the compact ; it alone dignities the alliance. Cement. Honour and justice demand that health should form au item great should hindsn a o n t c b e s e the neglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfo rtune. Reader, if these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULYERWELL'S little MEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life, " pub. in 2 vols., is. each (by post, in stamps, Is. Gd. each). Let no imaginatively refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered by misinterpretatiot of their supposed contents, from obtaining them. They are not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but for the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or together, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other little publications claim your attention (same price Is. each, by post Is. Gd.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the mere ephemeral scribblings of the hoar, but the study of the author's life, who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob servance of the maxims he would insuleate—t, do unto others as he would be done unto—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always on the "sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvalho, 147, Fleet •street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Nelson, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other wise) from the author (who may be conferred with personally, mornings 244 evenings), 10, 44711-plaee Regent-street; and all Booluelieri. Mr. MCIIRISTIE awarded Mr. - Nias 20s. costs, and then said, that the general rule on which he should act with regard to these notices was, that he should require the objections to be gone into, and if they proved to be vexatious he should impose costs on the objector. Mr. Brown could not understand the justice of such a decision, seeing that by his agreeing to withdraw his objections the parties were not put to any trouble. Mr. M`CnitisnE—Not to any trouble ! First, the overseer was required to attend ; then, the secondary to record the notice; then, the clerk of the company was also to attend, and he himself had to take cogni zance of the notice ; and, beyond this, the party ob jected to, a professional gentleman in this instance, was taken from his home for two days. Surely this was trouble enough. The money was paid. Subsequently Mr. Smith and Mr. Brown applied to the Court for an adjournment. They observed, that in consequence of the rule laid down by Mr. NPChristie respecting the nature of these objections, they wished to have an opportunity to confer to gether in order to determine what course they should hereafter take. Mr. MTHRISTIE suggested that at the close of this day's proceedings the Court should adjourn till Mon day. Mr. Smith—l have no doubt that by such an ar rangement the business of the Court would be greatly expedited. The lists were then proceeded with, and in every case where the objection appeared to the Court to be groundless, e i t h er on account of the quest i on raised having been a l rea d y decided, or the inquir i es not having been made with sufficient vigilance, costs were a warded. Adjourned till Monday. EXTENSIVE FlRE.—Last night, about half-past eleven o'clock, a fire, that for nearly an hour completely illuminated the western portion of the metropolis, broke out upon the premises in the tenure of Mr. Miles, a cabinet. manufacturer, situate in Neal's-yard, Seven-dials, a very narrow and densely -populated neighbourhood. The flames were first noticed by Mr. Hillsman, the corn factor, who occupies the lower part of the building; at which time the two upper workshops appeared to be in a general blaze. Not a moment was lost in sounding the alarm, and with all speed engines from Messrs. Combe and Delafield's brewhouse, together with numerous others belonging to the London Brigade, West of Eng land, and County establishments, reached the scene of conflagration. The flames at that time were rushing out of the front and back windows with such fury that the destruction ot the contiguous buildings appeared quite certain. The firemen, however, having set their engines to work, mounted the roofs of the adjoining houses, and by carrying the hose with them, they were enabled to pour the water in such directions as to com pletely encompass the flames. This was a work of con siderable difficulty and danger, but, fortunately, not one of the men received any personal injury. Owing to their indefatigable exertions, they succeeded in ex tinguishing the fire before twelve o'clock; not, however, until Mr. Miles's premises were burned out, and the contents, including the workmen's tools, were totally consumed. AWFUL FIRE.—On Thursday last a most extensive fire occurred at Needingworth, a village near St. Ives, in the county ot Huntingdon, which has rendered it one scene of misery and desolation, upwards of 80 houses, in cluding farming-houses arid cottages, being entirely de stroyed. The fire was first observed about 12 o'clock a t neon, and originated through a poor idiot servant girl throwing some lighted straw into a yard ; the wind at the time blowing a hurricane waft e d some o the straw to the thatch of the cottage, which was immediately enveloped in flames ; it then communicated itself to an adjoining farm, and in u few minutes the whole of the the right hand and on th e l e f t, was one farmsteads destroy e d are s i x in nu mber, together with the preduce of nearly 3,000 acres of land, and about 70 houses and cottages. Th e amount of property destroyed has not at present b een ascer p terribleropeprop e rty, t y' fire. on The tained, but it must be very con siderable, and a la rge pro portion inf ormed , insured. S evera l engines were upon the spot, but in consequence of th e wind and the scarcity of water were quite useless. W e understand a subscription of it is, we a re has already been set on fo o t for the relief of the sufferer=.A NEW DAILY PAPER.--A new morning journal has just appeared in Paris, un der the title of the Con servateur. Its name indicates its politics. who ascended the tribune in a speech of consider M. VICTOR FAIDER, secretary of the Congress, objects, which were those to thea e length, in which he mass of mankind ' of the science and its re viewed the first princi ples instinctively desired by the wealth. lie gave a sloppiness, contentment, and Gournay, &c. These were writings of Hume, Quesnay, laboured in the past, but sketch hnd addressed the assembly science, referring of the progress of the the men of theory who in the present day the doc trines of political economy being daily worked ou t b were adopted and were fact he ranked by men of practice. The latter progress this class o f amon gopi opin ions chief causes of the rapid ions had recently made. It was their effort to bring it was into action the opinions based on abstract right ; of science to their ideas and the for tunate inventions _ ience that society owed that industrial progress which was the glory of the pre sent century. The questions involved • the trines of political economy they could not all b were so various that that doctrines;solved, full application of those ° excep t anhe y - a dis cussed the evils that might be cause d by an in complete one. Unrestrained competition had pro duced some unfortunate consequences, but they could not be attributed to the p r i nc i p l e o f f r eedom, only to the imperfect manner in which it had been carried out; the sources of wealth had been agitated and disturbed before the channels had been dug through which the waters were to flow. The study which these unfavourable phenomena necessitated had tended to disseminate the principles of the science. Men were led to inquire into the causes of evils which had almost been regarded as inevitable. It was such an inquiry in which they were engaged. It was to attempt to resolve the important question that they had sum moned them to Brussels. He regretted that the French journals had thought it their duty to remain totally silent on the subject, and hoped the publicity given to their present proceedings would produce a favourable effect; and he confessed he had no right to expect of the press of France that attention which even the press of Belgium had not given them. They had found in the press of England and America that support which their own had refused them; but at last they had succeeded, and the Congress bad been brought together. He then , proceeded to that branch of political economy com prehended in the term " Freedom of Trade," treated under several divisions, fiscal and social; an d com bated the arguments with which it is opposed, in Belgium more particularly. The principal one is, an apprehension that if England were admitted to com pete with this country, all its manufactures would be absorbed and swallowed up. To these apprehensions he opposed the material advantages of a free commercb and its moral effects, the preservation of the peace of the world, and the extension of the sentiment of fraternity among mankind. Professor WALowsRI, of Paris, then addressed the meeting. He commenced by regretting that Germany should have sent to the Congress an oppo nent of the principle of free trade, and then pro ceeded in an animated speech to explain the advan tages of free trade, and dwelt with considerable effect on the inconsistency of those who are perfectly ready to accept the most modern improvements in machinery, but oppose themselves to the consequences which those improvements must produce. The men wh o advocated the extension of ra il w a ys , whi c h, aid of steam, were bringing all the world together, could not support the system o f protection, which, as much as possible, kept nations separated. Having familiar passed in review the several arguments ' to the English public, he concluded by drawing a com parison between the enlargement and enfranchisement of the human mind which was effected by the doc trines of Christianity, and the effect, in a lower sphere, of the free principle in commerce ; what one was for the moral existence of man, the other would be for his material and physical being.—(Applause.) M. ROTRENHAVISEN (de Berg) read a paper in support of the doctrines of protection. The speaker was unimpressive in style, and the dis course was coldly received. It contained frequent references to the grasping character of th e policy of England ; among other things, be reproached us with M. DUCUATEAU (de Valenciennes), secretary of a committee for the protection of native industry, fol lowed in a protectionist address, in which he im pugned Dr. Bowring's reading of history when he praised the moderation of England. Mr. EWART, M.P., M. CAMPAN, and Colonel THOMPSON, M.P., were the next speakers. Colonel Thompson spoke but a few minutes ; he was most warmly received ; inleed, the greatest respect is ex hibited for the English legislators who have attended the Congress. The PRESIDENT then closed the sitting, and the Congress rose. The visiting members dine together every evening at a table d'hote, the arrangements of which are con ducted by the committee. A grand concert and banquet are to be among the festivities of the meeting. PORTLAND HARBOUR OF REFUGE. (From the Sherborne Journal.) . _ _ The inhabitants of Weymouth and Portland, feel ing that a debt of gratitude is owing to Mr. John ' Harvey, for his and his father's untiring exertions, both by personal application and writing, in bringing before successive Governments and the public the necessity of a breakwater at Portland (now happily commenced), have now resolved on entering into a subscription to present him with a suitable testimo nial. The late Mr. John Harvey was, in 1803, by the special command of his Majesty George the Third, appointed postmaster of Weymouth, and the present Mr. John Harvey succeeded his father in the same situation in the year 1817. Subscriptions will, we understand, be received by the Weymouth Banks, and it is hoped that the country generally will unite with the inhabitants of Weymouth and Portland in promoting this laudable object. Capt. Joseph Slade has kindly undertaken to act as secretary. Among the subscripti ons w hi c h head t h e li st are the Worship ful the Mayor of Weymouth (J. A. Devendish, Esq.) and W. Eliot, Esq., for 11. each.—[We are happy to hear that th e hi n t l a t e l y g i ven i n our journal is being acted on.—En. S. J.] HARVEST-HOME.—This good old custom is not yet extinct in this country; in proof of which we have to in stance the festivities at East Hampstead Park, in Berk shire, the seat of the Marquis of Downshire. In a letter we have received from that neighbourhood the writer says:—" We had rare doings here this day (Fri day)—the harvest home. The Marquis of Downshire had a fat bullock killed for the occasion, which was roasted in joints; plenty of plum-puddings, and home brewed in abundance. About 300 farming men, work men, women, &c., employed by his Lordship, sat down to the dinner. After the feast the village band attended for country dances; and cricket, and all sort s o f rustic diversion concluded the festivities of the occasion." THE YANKEE PEDLAR.—" See here, Mister, don't you want tew buy somethink in my line tew-day? I've got a new machine for picking b ones out of fishes. Now I tell yew it's a little the darndest thin g Yew ever did see. All yew have to dew is to set on a table, and turn a crank, and the fish flies rite down your throat, and the bones rite off the other way. Well, there was a country greenhorn got hold of it the other day, and he got turntn' the crank the wrong way, and I tell you the way the bones flew down that 'ere feller's throat couldn't be beat. Why, it stuck that feller so full of bones, that he couldn't get his shirt off for a full week.—New York Globe. PRICE O BREAD.-A meeting was held at Eveshain on Wednesday, to consider the price of bread and other articles of consumption, and the desirableness of provi sions generally being supplied .by weight. It was con vened by the mayor (J. B. Haynes, Esq.), who presided, in compliance with a numerously signed requisition pre sented to him for that purpose. The parties who took an active part in getting up the requisition being absent, some time was passed in desultory conversation on the Act of Parliament bearing on the subject of bread, and at last Mr. R. Whitford moved—" That bread, which is the chief article of food of the masses of the population, should be offered for sale by weight, so as to prevent the possibility of fraud to the consumer." This was carried unanimously ; and a second resolution, pledging the meeting to buy only of those bakers who sell by weight, was also adopted. Resolutions were afterwards agreed to that all other articles of food ought to be sold by weight, and in favour of the erection of a public weigh• ing machine.— Worcester Chronicle. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —THE EARL OF ALDBOROIIOII AND lIOLLOWAT'S Pmts.—An astounding care by this miraculous medicine, after every other means had failed. See extract from his Lordship's letter, dated " Villa Messina, Leghorn. Feb. 21, 1845. Professor Holloway—Sir: I beg to acquaint you that your pills have - effected a core of a disorder in my liver and stcgnach all the most eminent of the faculty. at home and all over the continent, h a d not been able to effect ; nay. not eves the waters of Carlsbad or Ma rienbad. (Signed) " Aussosouon." These wonderful pills will cure any disease of the liver or stomach.—Sold (also Holloway's Ointment) at Professor Holloway's Establishment. 244, Strand, and t 7 all medicine yeudtris throUghOut the eivilind world. (From the North British Mail.) LOCH LAGGAN, TUESDAY NIGHT. Yesterday morning, Prince Albert went out to the cover-shooting in the woods adjacent to the Lodge, attended by a great number of beaters. The sport was excellent—the best, I believe, the Prince has enjoyed sines. his arrival at Ardverikie. His Royal Highness killed three roe-bucks and twelve brace of birds, and returned to the Lodge at two o'clock to lunch. In the afternoon, the Queen, Prince Albert, and the royal children, drove out to Cluny Castle on a visit to Cluny Macpherson. The Royal Family rode in a phaeton, drawn by four beautiful grey Arabian ponies, and were accompanied by the Duke and Duchess of Norfolk, and General Wemyss, and at tended by two out-riders. The weather had become much milder about mid day, and the afternoon, though rather cold, was calm and clear. Cluny Castle is distant about 12 miles from the Lodge. The road passes through the centre of the parish, and besides giving t goad view of the scenery of the district, is invested with numerous objects of natural and historical interest. After leav ing the head of the loch it winds for two miles along the edge of the Paatock, sometimes enclosed in natural groves of birch, sometimes emerg ing into rich grassy holmes, and at others mounting over precipices, with the smooth stream purling at their base, or leaping down a flight of rocky steps in successive falls—all combining to form one of those scenes of quiet rural beauty which in Scotland so frequently steal upon the traveller when least expected. The Paatock is a good trouting stream. It rises in the depths of Ben Aulder forest, and, after flowing six miles northward, changes its course by a rapid bend, and runs westward into Loch Laggan, whence it is carried by the Spears and the Lochy to the Western Ocean. It is a curious fact, and one which illustrates the elevated position of the parish of Laggan, that another stream, which rises within a mile and a half of the source of the Paatock, pursues quite an opposite course—passing through Loch Ericht, Loch Rannoch, and the Tay, to the Eastern Ocean. And, in like manner, proceeding along the road to Cluny Castle, you find, a little way beyond the spot where the Paatock begins to run towards Loch Laggan, that the streams pass eastward through the Vale of Spey to the Moray Firth. It seems that the main land rises to its greatest elevation among the wilds of Laggan, and that the rain which falls from the clouds upon these dizzy heights descends in all directions upon the lower countries with which they are sur rounded on every side. Issuing from the glen through which the Paatock runs, the road passes through Strathmashie, and then stretches along the more open country which is watered by the Spey. Strathmashie was formerly divided into small farms, but is now occupied by a gentleman of the Macphersons, who devotes it partly to arable and partly to pastoral purposes, but chiefly the latter. It is separated from Glensherra by a series of grey rocky mounts ; and on the almost & inaccessible summit of one of these the remains of an ancient fortification are still to be seen. A wall three yards in thickness, and built with large flags or broad stones, without mortar, runs round the edge of the summit, enclosing an area which is said to measure 500 feet in length, and 250 feet in breadth. It was probably employed as a place of protection siipiathe eagle, acid probably also th e women and ailaren, in times,,of foreign invasion or domestic war; and, as it looks directly down over the extensive plains- of the Spey, a fire lighted on it must have 'been a most effectual signal of alarm to the inhabitants of that rich and comparatively populous territory. Behind this range of rocks, in the mouth of Glensherra, stands the Roman Catholic chapel—a very plain but neat erection, to which apartments are attached for the residence of the priest. It is impossFle to conceive a more chaste yet wild and gloomy solitude than that which has been chosen as the site of this place of worship. The Spey issues from Glensherra in the form of a tiny stream, and passes down as far as the eye can stretch over a level country, studded with clumps of trees, and varie gated with the multifarious tints of harvest. Country mansions, farm-houses, huts and bothies, rear their many-coloured walls in populous profusion. One perceives at a glance that the great majority of the 1,200 inhabitants of Laggan are domiciled in this plain. Corryarrick and the Monadlia mountains bound the valley on the north, while the dark blue hills of the Grampians enclose it on the south. Here it was where Sir John Cope made his well-known and much-ridiculed movement, by which he suddenly diverged to Inverness, and left the south country open to the march of the Pretender, who lay en camped with his forces on the north side of Cor ryarrick. The cowardice of his troops, and the disadvantageous character of the ground, render the course pursued by Cope the wisest that could have been devised. The army, which was afterwards so easily routed at Prestonpans, would have cut a very sorry figure, and fared a great deal worse, in this secluded valley of the Spey, where they would have found no means of refuge or esca p e . I t i s i mpossible to have the mind thus cast back on the stormy period of the Rebellion, without reflecting on the altered circum stances of the present times. A hundred years have only elapsed, and the representative of the house of Brunswick passes through these scenes of former strife unattended by armed men or any other guard, save the love which burns for her in Highland hearts, on a friendly visit to the descendants of a chief who was the bosom .friend of the Pretender, and the sworn enemy of her line ! The road crosses the Spey by a handsome wooden bridge, at the end of which, on the north side of the river, stands the parish church—a plain building sur rounded with burying-ground, and enclosed with a row of fine trees. It was built a few years ago on the same site as its two predecessors, both of which must have been very short-lived, as an octogenarian residing in the neighbourhood informed us that he had witnessed the erection of them both. Masonry must be very defective in a country where the human body is so greatly more dura ble than temples of stone and lime. Previous to the occupation of the present site, public worship was conducted in an old barn situated a considerable way farther up the river ; and it was in this rude building that Divine service was first celebrated in the parish according to the Presbyterian form. The old parish remained in the hands of the Roman Catholics and the Episcopalians to a very late period. The oldest Presbyterian minister of whom I could get any account was a Mr. M ac i n t yre ; and a story is told of him which is cr e dit a bl e a lik e to his diligence and his wit. The manse and the place of worship were situated o n opposite s id es o f t h e r i ver; and as there was no bridge in those days, the minister was obliged to ford the Spey before he could reach the old barn. On one occasion a heavy flood bad rendered the ford impas sable,waithad easembled wo , ul e d n but the people anxiously to see whatdo. On the ministertiie good man speedily reaching the bank of the ri ver , . loud enough for resolved all difficulties by calling cut, all to hear him, " I canna gan g , reoowrwe„ to y ou m The people Y sel' but I'se try to sen' the preachin accor di n gly gathered on one side of_ minister taking up his position on the other , proceeded to deliver to them his weekly message over the bosom of the swollen stream. A neat monument in the churchyard points out the grave of the Rev. James Grant, the husband of the late Mrs. Grant, favourably known to the public by her "Letters from the Mountains," and other literary works on the scenery and ma nners o f th e Highlands. Inscriptions on marble detail the leading circumstances in the lives of this amiable couple. Mr. Grant died in December, 1801 ; and his widow, after a long and heroic struggle in behalf of her family, died at Edbiburgh in 1838. About two miles below the church you reach Cluny Castle—a massive and s u b s t ant i a l residence, built o f the granite of the n e i g hb our i ng hills. Cluny and his lady had only received notice of her Majesty's intention to honour them with a visit about an hour before the arrival of the royal cortege. Little time was allowed therefore for any formal preparations, but by the time her Majesty had reached the gateway, 30 men in Highland garb, with a a piper at their head, were drawn up i n f ront of the Castle. Cl uny himself in his usual costume of kilt and philabeg, and Mrs. Macpherson, were a l so i n wa iti ng f o r the arrival of their Royal visitors. The Duke of Norfolk handed the Queen from the phaeton, and her Majesty, the Prince, and the rest of the royal party were ushered into the castle. About a quarter of. an hour was spent in inspecting the various antiquities which have remained in the custody of the Macphersons since the Rebellions, after which the royal party went out into the grounds, and visited the garden and other places of interest in the vicinity, Cluny Castle is sur- RAILWAY RETURNS Riatwar TEAFFIC.—The following are the Total Receipts of Rail ways for the past week—that is to say, up to the date to which the respective returns are made, together with the receipts of the same week in the previous year:— Week ending Last week. aT ,, S t" - - 0 NAME OF RAILWAY. Sept. 5 11 10 9 Amiens and Boulogne .• • • •. •• .. Arbroath and Forfar ............... Chester and Birkenhead . • • • • • . • . Dublin and Dr0gheda............... Dublin and Kingstown • • Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen ........ Edinburgh and Glasgow . ........ Eastern Counties and North Eastern.. East Lancashire Eastern Union Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr ...... Glasgow and Green0ck......... Great Southern and Western ........ Great Western, &c .................. Lancashire and Yorkshire..." • • . Lancaster and Carlisle ...... . • London and North Western, &c...... London and Blackwall.... • • • • • London and Brighton • • •••• • • • London and South W es t ern . • •.• •• Manchester, Leeds, and Hull Assoc.. Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Maryport and Carlisle Midland, Bristol, and Birmingham.. • • Midland Great Western (Irish) • • • • • • Newcastle and Carlisle.. • • • • • • • • • Newcastle, Berwick, and North Shield; Norfolk . • • • • • • ... • • • • • • • • • • • • • Paris and Rouen . Preston and WYre• •••• • • " • • Rouen and Havre .. • • .• ............ Shrewsbury and Chester ...... • South Eastern and Branches ........ South Dev0n.................. Taff Vale ••••••• • • • • • • ..... '• •• •• • Whltehaven Junction ..... • • • • York and Newcastle . -••• • • • EZ York And North Midland. 943 1,236 335 5,115 9.6 466 2,465 1,234 2,478 676 24,162 607 2,354 2,324 2,640 20,879 11,773 512 11,813 1,963 1,794 44,398 (,386 10,790 8,067 206 12,6i5 9,3&8 2,184 610 21,388 2,259 2,198 2.167 8,235 12,082 1,113 1,4 O! 733 5.679 7,010 ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, GRAY'S INN-LADE.—On Saturday last a man named William Morris was ad mitted here, having been crushed some time since by a coa l waggon, in the Strand. The ulner artery was in jured thereby, causing an enormous diffused aneurism of the arm. The tumour still increasing, and the man evidently sinking, it was deemed advisable to tie the artery leading to the arm, so as to cut off the supply of blood to the aneurism. The operation was performed at the hospital (in the presence of a great number of medical men) by Mr. Wakley, jun., surgeon to the in stitution, assisted by his colleagues, with complete suc cess. Ether was administered to the man, and the operation compl e t e d i n one minute, the patient being_ ; Ili on:. " We n s b ei ell i e s v believe o f that t he this s e vereis opera tion being used during the ligature of a large artery.bitrtor for ar property in this firstn c h as e h e a o d f un et t e r r - The late James Lewis, Esq., sol l e slave compensation, bas left personal country amounting to 35,000 pe g rs e on ex a ecuted hi s will a The plate presented t o him as Commissioner o month preprevious to his d ecease . fcnm Compensation, by the Colonial body, he leaves to his so n , . Lewis. his son George he leaves all the vessels, the the Elisabeth and i{ et r 3, and the P a th-. i To finder; and to his son William Freder ick a legacy Of 5,000/.; and to them be leares all his shares in the lead and tin mines in Cornwall, a m oiety betw een G eorge find William, and a moiety to Philip, whoistheiresiduary legatee, and for whom, at the time of executing his will, ho was in treaty for the purchase of an advowson for the sum of 4,5001. His three sons, with Thomas Clarke, Esq., of the Orduance-office, are the executors. The deceased was formerly Speaker of the House of Assembly at Jamaica, and Advocate -General for that Island. He was in his 70th year, and died at his residence, Park street, Grosvenor-square, on the lath of August last. FORGERIES IN FRANCE.—The Gazette des Tribunauz states, that MM. Herweg and Knapp, Germans, were convicted before the Paris Court of Assize, on Wednes• day last, of having forged and issued notes, purport. ing to be of the Prussian, English, Irish, French, and Belgian National Banks, to an enormous amount. Herweg was sentenced to ten years' hard labour and the pillory, and Knapp to eight years' hard lair - our NW the pillory. No. 17,158. j LO 7 TEMBER 18, 1847, Ii C [PRr_4.IB 9 --1---e --1/-----1-f _--) 4-e-l-r)---P:r:tut:::eeiidndwffidi(:nctphogeir_;;thhoarunoirsevfdeaisnt;g,breea:n:odcf:firj: ~; „ •--or ~.,,,,.--f-, '•• - - ~ f i-..x...t 4.....,,_ 01,0•SAtt_ . , i 0 , Uti . • 4 1 4 •U-....____ ____) ---- ''"sh. ir c, j IMi•;,:, „ •.-. V , .4 )r-i1k,„„.,,,,:,_e.,,.,, , ~,,...... ...,... - t i, , ,,,,,... ~s, , 3,,,, ~,,. ~,. . 1 / 4iii r t. , ../.. c .. ,4 k , .; - : , ,:i• r t . ~ . ~ ...w.rh-, " i r k / Cr 1 1 ''r-l - tir.,,t, '. ci. V. // 4 v atter is loaded with frui 4 1. 4'; } f\ - —, - , .. ,14 ~ •,, ,_ '.2. , ' ),„ 4 t - ',.., *.r-A, ,ST: , 7, - 1 ril., - ~, _ --___ ) , -....1, I 'e i *9 l j 4l 1 i }-' 1 to ~,--w g ‘l 4, li r aio 4;4-,.' 9, 0 1.-------Tjt * : ' S 6- '' t'.'s . ~ ^, 't,4V-,... , 1„ ' r.b . • 4 Amitir......... ....._ , i c : te ges 'ex , ..;,. ~..9.,, 4 ,, , ,, , 1 ......, ~.,.7 , ,,,,, _.. ..., -- -: : t•4 ..„,,, _ \,_ ,cr ~,, _- < -5;,,,,' ~ Cii , ~& , ~„ - - ,....7 ), ' .; - - ,-:•> Tx et ..4..pv * 'L .„, , - • , ifro.„. e torr... Is' .. : i rk "Zzt t --___ p ircular burying-ground ii , , fZMMIMZCFMIDWMMTZJW.M I f 2 .VMI2Frwrar.e,,,......, -,,ypgtrwianMN•akd=NElO••Sr. ~.J._ _‘, „,,,.. ........1FEmir. ....T .,.....‘ , - to . . e remains of several _________- ----- _.. ............. ,,.,,,,.., , e,,,,. . ._..... phersons. A large farm of ' F "J . ''' „ , -..... 0.. ,..... t ir N,- .?:,.... -.. ~, ; -". . '1! NEI SEPTEMBER 18 IRd 7 I - Din,- 112 'r. to the Castl: ; and the enlic N DON SAT U RDAY i 5 4 3. ' , --, .e' • -.1.. ...I' . , 'Y