The Sun. — London, England, 1847-03-29 00:00:00

TO BE HAD AT ALL THE LIBRARIES. THE NEW NOVEL S. JUST PUBLISHED BY MR. BENTLEr.' I. CLEVELAND ; A TALE OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. Post Ivo. EIRKHOLME PRIORY ; OR, MODERN HEROISM. By the Author of " The Ransom." 3 vols. THE WILL ; OR, THE HALF BROTHERS. 3 vols. SECOND EDITION of THE ( DEBUTANTE ; OR, THE LON DON SEASON. By Mrs. GORE. 3 TOl3. 'V. A POET'S 11.12.1 AR. 13y C. ANDERSON", Author of " The Improvieetore,' &c. 3 vols. With a Portrait and Memoir of the Author. Also Just Ready, VI. SMILES AND TEARS ; 011, THE ROMANCE OF LIFE. vol s. By CHARLES WHITEHEAD, Author of " Richar d Savage." 3 VII. THE PHANTOM SHIP. By CAPTAIN MARRYAT. Formi 11ng the New Volume of the " STAND DAR NOVELS AND em- 0. MANCES." Complete in One Volume, nea tly bound and bellished, Gs. (At the end of Mew Buarch.)rlington-street. Bleharit Bentley, N NOW READY. By B. DISRAELI, M.P. In 3 vols., post Bvo., " Tancred is a brilliant book, abounding in adventure and enter tainment, ich in descriptions and lively touches of character. It bears the stamp, moreover, of inAlviduality. It has entertained us mare than either Coniugsby or Sybil—and, we think, may stand higher in public favour. It is. unquestionably, the most brilliant and aurprisinr: novel of the s.2ason."—Atheini3um. Ilenry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough.street. TANCRED. ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, COVENT GARDEN, Established :or the purpose of reuderina a more perfect performance ofthe Lyric Drama then has hitherto been attained in this country. Under the Direct on and Management of Mr. BEATA , . The Nobility Gentay, and Patrens of alueic, are respectfully in formed that the Royal Italian Opera will open the flr.t week in April. It is proposed to produce, In the course of the - eason, some of the established works of Camaro+a, 3iozart,ltoiehia Meyerheer, and others al the more under] Italian School, including Operas by Bellied, Dora sent, Mereadante, and Verdi, on a scale et the utmort perfect on le very department ; to which intent the immaeernent has assembled a Company embracing the greatest and most varied 'Went in Europe. SOPRAIs E—Madame Grist and Madame Persiani (her Best appearance in London for three years), Madame Ronconi and Mdl e. Stetianoni (of the Theatre La Scala, in Milan, her first ap• pearance in this couutrv). CONTRALTI.—Signora Alboni (of the Theatre La Scala, Milan, and of the Imperial Theatre in Vienna, her first appearance in this tOuntry), and Mademoiselle Corbari. TENORL—Signor Mario, Signor Salvator Lavia (of the Imperial theatre of St. Petersburgh, his first appearance in this country), Signor Tulli (of the Theatre San Carlo, in Naples, his first appear ance in this country), and Signor Salvi (ot the Theatre La Scala, in Milan, and of tine Imperial Theatres in Vienna and St. Petcreburgb, his first appearance on the Italian stage in England). PRIMI BASSI - BelltlTONl—Signer Tamburini ant Signor Giorgio Ronconi. PRIMI BASSI PROFONDI—Signor Marini (of the Theatres San Carlo, Naples, La Scala, Milan, and toe imperial Theatre, Vienna, his first appearance in this country), Signor, Angelo Alba (of the Theatre Royal, Madrid, his first appearance In this country), and Signor Polonini (of the Imperial Theatre, Vienna, Ids first appear ance In this country.) PRIMI BASSI COMICI —Signor Pietro Ley (of the Theatre Royal Madrid, his first appearance in this coaritry), and Signer Agostino Rovere (of the Theatres Reyal. Naples, Milan, Vienna, and St. Pe tersburgh, his first appearauce in this country). Seconde Donau—Madaine Antoieetta Mollidori (of the Theatre La Scala, to Milan), Mademoiselle Atnalia Elnan, Mademoiselle Luigina 13ellini. • Seconde Tenore—Signor Etnmanuele Slano (of the Theatre San Carlo in Naples). Director of the .lip ;c, Composer, and Conductor—Mr. Costa. A powerful and numerous CHORUS of chosen and experienced Singers will complete the Vocal Department. Chorus Master — Signor Bonconsigiio. Prompter—Signor Monterasi. The ORGIIESTitA, formed of Artistes possessing the highest executive powers, wit! comprise - among_ its members Eighty distin guished proiessors. The Military Band of the Coldstream Guards will be under the direction of Mr. Godfrey. An OItGAN, of exteusive compass, has been expressly erected In the theatre by Messrs. Flight and Son. Organist—Mr. V. Novelle, The BALLET, of a brilliant and costly character, will close the performance of the evening, and no Divertissement will be suffered between the acts of the Opera. The Director has the pleasure to announce that he hae, concluded an engagement with ,Matienioiselle Fanny Elssler ; and, during the season, the following eminent Danseuses will appear t —Premieres Dauscuse-11ademotselle Dumi latre (ef the Grand Opera, Paris). and Mademoiselle Plunkett (of the Grand Opera, Parts), Mademoiselle Benin (of the Imperial Theatre, Vienna, her first appearance in this country), Mademoiselle Neodot (of the Theatre Royal, Madeal), aledemoiselle Marietta Baderna (of the Theatre La Scala, Milan), and Mademoiselle Facie° (of the Academic Royale de Paris). Monsieur reties (of the Grand Opera, Paris), Monsieur Goalie (of the Theatre Royal, Madrid), Monsieur Fel - dal:tilde Croce, Monsieur Delferier (of the Grand Opera, Paris), and Monsieur Auguste .Mabille (of the Grand Opera, Paris). Maitres des Ballets—Monsieur A ibert (of the Grand Opera, Paris), and alonsieur Bias's (of the Theatre La Scala, Milan). Leader or the Ballet—Mr. _Waal diction. Regieseur de la Dense Mr. O'Bryan. Composer—Signor Alessandro Curini (of the San Carlo Theatre, Naples). TILL THEATRE.—To render the Interior at once commodious, elegant, and comfortable, it has beet entirely reconstructed and decorated, under the immediate direction and atter designs of R. Albano, Esq., C.E., with every attention directed to its proper ventilation. The Decorations have been executed by Mr. Porsonby. The management has happily secured the artistic skill of Signori Pena and Verardi (of the Theatre Italian, in Paris), to embellish the ceiling and to prepare a New Drop Scene. The approaches to the Theatre will be found improved, by a carriage way being formed immediately under the Portico in Bow-street, whereby parties can leave or enter their carriages without exposure to the weather ; and by increased facilities fer ingress and egress. The Refreshment Room will Le under the superintendence of Mr. J. G. Watson. Tickets, Stalls, and Boxes, for the night or season, to be obtained at the Box Oilier, Bow-str.et ; and at Messrs. Grainer, Bea'e, and Co.'s, 201, Regent-street. THEATRE ROYAL DItUltY-L.INE: ON EAiTEP. INIONDAY Will he performed the Opera of 11.111ITANA. After whtch the New Grand Oriental Spectacle, called THE DESERT; ur, 1 . :!e Imatin's Dangkter. In which the Two Ele phants, upwaro.3 or Sixty Homes, the Camels w;11 TBEATaiI ROYAL, lIA.YMARKET. Under the 21.1wAceltent of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee. ON EASTER MONDAY Will he performed th 3 new rtS3 orlgimtl Cernetly, calle.l THE SCHOOL FOR SCHEMING. IV,,icipal charat:lci•.; by Atessr.-1. Far rel:, Stuart, Isucketone, Hwe, Selby, Ilrivaal, _Mts. Gle.ver, Humby, Mrs. Yurnold, - 3liss rortesam, 31iis Bennett, Ylss Hey rio!ds, Ere. • - After which the Grand Astronomical Extravagatc..ta, calle i TIIE NEW PLANET; or, Harlequin out of Place. TIMATRE ROYAL, ADEL MI. I utter the direction of Madame Celeste. ON EASTER MONDAY Will be performed the THE FLOWERS OF THE FOREST ; a Cipsy story. Cheap John, Mr. Wright ; Ishmael, Mr. 0. Smith ; the Kinchin, Mr. P. Bedford; Leybourne, Mr. Worrell ; Cynthia, Madams Celeste ; Lemuel, Miss Woolgar ; Starlight Bess, Mrs. Fitzwilliam; Lady Agnes, Miss Harding. To conclude with the Fairy Spectacle, founded on the Ballet of LA GiSELLE, entitled THE PHANTOM DANCERS ; or, the Wills Bride. Principal characters by Mr. Wright, Mr. P. Bedford, Mr. 0. Smith, Mr. CulleWord, Madame Celeste, Al 143 Marian Taylor, Miss Emma Harding, Miss Ellen Chaplin, and Mrs. Laws. FRENCH PLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. Lessee, Mr. John Mitchell. Mr. Mitchell begs respectfully to announce that Mademoiselle ROSE CHERI will make her First Appearance on EASTER MON DAY, in the Comedie-Vaudeville of UN CIIANGEMENT DE MAIN ; and in an entirely new Comedy, entitled LA PROTEGEE, SANS LE SAVOIR. Boxes, Gs. , Pit, 3s. 6d. , Stalls, 35.; Gallery, 2s. Doors opened at half-past Seven, and the performances commence at Eight. Private Boxes, Stalls, and Places may be engaged at Mitchell's Royal Library, 32, Bond-street; and at the Box-office. ETHIOPIAN gERENADERS, ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. Re-engagement of the Ethiopian Serenaders. The celebrated ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS, Pell, Harrington, White, Stanwood, and Germon, will give their Attractive ENTER -TAINMENTS, at the above Theatre, on EASTER TUESDAY, and will be continued every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday Evening ; and a MORNING PERFORMANCE every WEDNESDAY, be ginning on Weduesdy In Easter week. Boxes, 45. ; Pit, 2s. ; Amphitheatre, 25. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE, Proprietor, ithr. W. Batty. rnder the patronage of the Queen, Prince Albert, and other Members of the Royal T.tmily. - Will open, for the Summer Season, with Lord Byron's Equestrian Dramatic Poem of THE BRIDE OF ABTDOS ; or, TILE CORSAIR AND THE AVENGER'S STEED. Introducing Mr. Batty's Living Camels, Elephants, and Stud of Horses, ronics, &c. TO CORR ESPONDENT. We cannot find room for the inrertioa of the communication of" W. F. G." The communication of the " Rev. R. Eckett" is left for him at the office. Its extreme length (it tills twenty-one closely written pages of foolscap) is sufficient to prevent its insertion. I RE WEATIIER.—Srs OFFICE, MARCH 27. TaER3IO3IETER, Lowest, 42 ; Highest. 59 ; Noon, 55. BAROMETER, 30.04.—Wind S.W., fine. 111(4ii WATER AT LONDON-WgitiGE Tuis DAY. Morning .. 35 minutes attar 12. j Evening .. 57 minutes after 12. &• ~ .. i'Z'W ) • ••`; • ~. ,5 ,..„,, c.,..11.44 ..., "??, , ... ~4 ~... % ' ,, i "•'-A - • , .'.'t.... 1 1.ii. -,....-i_f4,.., - , 44/111t I et' v 5: - , , t t'' - e '1 * C„... 1 44,' ~- --.., .::' • •,: .',it ''': 4 '.,'".. ~ . 114 - l' s "" - •r' - --....,--,-- Z.:', '.c. s - • ;:=4Zialnifolt;.l.;,- - 0;,',. , iltOlT'', * ; • . .. . „ „,,, .._,,,, • illeentinz LONDON, MONDAY, MARCh 29, 1847. "AV We publish to-day, in another column, for the con venience of our readers who are interested in rail ways, an account of the Groups appointed by the Select Committee for the classification of Railway Bills, to sit after the Easter recess, together with the names of the Bills contained in each Group, and the week in which they will commence sitting. Lord MOINTEAGLE has endeavoured to provoke the indirect condemnation of the Government measure of Poor-law Relief in the Upper House before the Bill is formally brought under the consideration of their Lordships. The intention of Lord MONTEAGLE has been defeated. In the discussion which ensued on Friday evening, upon the motion of the Noble Lord, that the Ministerial scheme for affording assistance to Irish destitution by a graduated rate levied upon Irish property should be submitted to the deliberations of a Select Committee, we perceive the first glimpses of that aristocratic prejudice against en organized poor law which may considerably impede the passage of the Government measure through the House of Peers. Lord MONTRAGLI gots altogether upon false premises. He insists that the distribution of out-door relief to able-bodied labourers amounts in reality to a territorials confiscation, because —because what ? because, forsooth, the peasantry would be induced to place their reliance not so much upon their own corporeal industry as upon the subsistence derivable from the workhouse ! Why, the argument i s about the most blundering paradox legislator ever uttered. "The peasantry would rely more upo n ncs'a ensured them by the law than upo n F PO • - Why the subsistenc e poreal Exertions:" 16 'IV by the law will only come in payment o k , i le ns : L . ocm for, their own corporeal exer- Tis ric•-provisions handed to the Pble- od ied l . a : I•• I , tae of to a 1 - • , 1:1s return :or the expenditure of so rain 1 " ... 1 6 1 rthriulaSnergy in so much local empl o y ment —the "'" test upon which the legal alms of the parochial au- thorities can be alone obtained will be the readiness of the destitute to toil for his pittance. No money whatever will be disbursed to the out-door paupers; the assistance will be solely limited to food, and that food they can alone obtain by proving their willingness to work industriously. And yet Lord MONTEAGLE stigmatises the proposition of Govern ment as a virtual confiscation of property, inasmuch as he maintains it will promote indolence and encourage pauperism among the Irish peasantry I Disjointed as was the logic of Lord MONTEAGLE in his observations upon the introduction of the poor law into Ireland, it was immeasurably exceeded, in regard to its fallacy, by the reasoning of Archbishop \VIIATELEY. With all reverence for the genius of that illustrious prelate, with all admiration for the keenness of his philosophic acumen, and with all re• spect for him as a man whose mind has become ripened by erudition and experience, we cannot but acknowledge ourselves amazed at the shallowness of the arguments upon which he bases his opposition to the plans of the Government. He protests against the distribution of relief to the able-bodied labourers of Ireland, because—again, say we, because what ? because (it is the Archbishop of DCBLIN who is responding), with the Irish labourer, " inured to Lerdehip, accustomed from his early days to privation, your relief will be actual luxury to him. Ile will be in the land of Cock .izne!" says the Archbishop. So, then, an English labourer, ss ho is described as living habitually in the midst of the comforts and amenities of competence, is to he afforded the bread and gruel of the workhouse more readily than the miserable wretch who, as a type of the Irish peasantry, is depicted by the Most Reverend Orator as living perpetually on the brink of bankruptcy and starvation ! Give the workhouse crusts to the English peasant, says the Archbishop, give them to him because they will taste unpalatable after his more agreeable fare, and because they will smack to him of wretchedness and degradation. Don't give the workhouse crusts to the Irish peasant, he continues, because they will seem to his palate like dainties, and because they will impress upon his mind the notion that his condition as a pauper is more elevated and creditable than heretofore. The result of this reason ing is simply that those should be welcomed by the parochial authorities with open and sheltering arms who can best effort'. to tarry longer without relief, and for whose destitution there is the least possible excuse; while the unfortunate beings whose-debili tated bodies are utterly unfitted to withstand the en croachments of inanition, and whose ordinary condi tion is that of the extremest poverty, are, by reason of their very feebleness and pauperism, to be spurned from the precincts of 'the benignant board! " But he will be in the land of Cockaigne I" insists the Arch bishop. Why what a sorry prevarication is this ! Because the able-bodied pauper will be "in the land of Cockaigne," by merely devouring the meagre rations of a workhouse, because the slice of bread, or the basin of diluted porridge, will be to his fasting lips as delicious as a dish of lampreys or ortolans to those of an epicure—he must be sent back to his cabin to sweep together the husks in his meal-bin, to sit down and to die like a decent and uncomplaining Christian ! What a land of Cockaigne to begrudge the Irish pauper! What luxuries to deny him as de moralising! What exquisite inducements to idleness and pauperism ! Archbishop WIIATELEY could not have employed any language better calculated to en force the necessity of accepting the Government measure of relief than the language used by that Most Reverend Prelate to crush the plan of her MA JESTY'S Minister, and to annihilate the upholders of an extended Poor-law. Thus far the motion of Lord MONTEAGLE has proved more beneficial to the Administration than by imparting to it the ephemeral credit of having rejected that motion by a majority of twenty-seven. it has demonstrated, even in the an tagonism of the supporters of Lord MONTEAGLE, the fact that the Poor Relief (Ireland) Bi'l is abso lutely essential to the very existence of the destitute peasantry. The tide of emigration has set in with more than usual rapidity. The widest calculations have fallen short of the number of those about to bid a long fare well to their native shores, and to seek on a foreign strand that maintenance and means of livelihood which they despair of being enabled to obtain in their fatherland. Those who have taken up the idea that the extent of her population is the chief source of Irish wretchedness, and that the social condition of her people can be ameliorated only by an extraordi nary diminution in their numbers—that a wholesale deportation must take place, and that hundreds of thousands of industrious families must be expatriated before prosperity and happiness can be hoped for, or reasonably expected—may be gratified by this result; but we confess that we are not of the number, and that we regard the loss of the sturdy and intelligent yeomen, who constitute the great bulk of the emi grants, as well as the amount of capital which they will take with them to more propitious climes, as a national misfortune of no ordinary magnitude. It has never been asserted that Ireland possessed a superabundance of capital, or that she could easily bear a large drain in addition to that annually borne from her shores in the shape of rents for absentee landlords. On the contrary, she possesses a soil of unexampled fertility and natural advantages of the highest order ; but her fields have remained uncul tivated, her capabilities undeveloped ; and while there is every facility for advancing her to a high position in the scale of nations, and rendering her people happy and contented, in the possession of everything necessary for their simple wants and wishes, she, unfortunately, is placed in the lowest rank, and her children are suffering to a degree of misery and wretchedness un paralleled in the history of civilised communities. The want of capital for the necessary improvement s is the chief cause of this lamentable state of things. The 14,000,000 of acres nominally in tillage are not half cultivated. It is admitted on all hands that the produce might be quadrupled if adequate exertions were made to effect that purpose ; the chief ingredient necessary to attain that object is the employment of sufficient labour on the lands. It is in abundance at the very thresholds, and obtainable atone-half the price that should in this country be paid for it, and yet it, remains idle and unproductive, and the fields barren and unimproved. It will not be asserted that the natural capabilities of Ireland are inferior to those of England, and yet the produce of the same extent of land is sixty per cent. less than in this country, while the proportion of labourers is nearly as five to two ready to be employed in its cultivation, but unable to get that employment so necessary for the comfort of themselves and families, and the well. being of their common country. Why are these things suffered to remain in such a state ? Why have not these improvements been effected ? Simply because there is a deficiency of capital in the country applicable to agricultural pur poses. And yet the very persons who admit the accuracy of this statement contend that the country is to be benefited by sending a considerable portion of that deficient capital from the island, together with men able and willing to work, who may well be called the thews and sinews of the country. To reduce the proportion of the smaller farmers and labourers of Ireland to the same as that which now exists in England, it would require the exportation of no less than 700,000 families, averaging 3,500,000 human beings. The very lowest expense at which this could be accomplished, calculating the cost of passage and the sum necessary to settle them in their new residences, and support them until the arrival of the first harvest, would be from 1001. to 1201. per family (it has never been calculated by the advocates of emigration lower) ; this would at once ccst the country from sixty to seventy-two millions of money, and the outlay should be con tinued every year, in order to keep down the annual increase which would of course be in the inverse ratio of the population. What extraordinary benefits for Ireland, what abundance and national prosperity might be obtained by the judicious application of even one-tenth part of that amount in the improve ment of the land, in giving employment to those able and willing to work ! The money would produce an ample return, and not be utterly cast away and de stroyed, as that expended in the banishment of the extent desired le t lt cannot appear s , e therefore, adoptedo thatr nc. d s e a mig t r i o a n t emigration bt ythe o the State. We certaiuly were not LA" " while Siace, from the corxplexion ' "'"•'. 44 • sion which took place in the Court of Aldermen with respect to the reform of the corporation of the city of London, that the violent dissensions, which have for some time past prevailed between the Alder men and the Common Councilmen, would be speedily and amicably terminated. In this hope, we confess, we have been disappointed. The tenor of the discus sion which was held in the Court of Common Council on Thursday last evinced very little hope of reconciliation between the contending parties. It is undoubted that certain reforms are required in the Corporation; some contend that their present powers are sufficient to effect them ; whilst others as sert that they cannot be accomplished without the intervention of Parliament. The majority of the Aldermen conceive they can dispense with the services of Parliament; the Common Councilmen that an appeal to the Senate is indispensable. We are persuaded that the latter will be found, in the I end, to be correct in their opinion. On Thursday the Court of Common Council agreed to the report of their Committee of Privileges, which recommended that they should be empowered to prepare a Bill to Parliament for reforming the Corporation. This step was objected to as being premature, seeing that their law officers had not yet given their opinions upon the rights and powers of the Corporation. Still we cannot wonder at the eagerness mani fested by the Common Councilmen to get to Parliament. They are anxious to guard themselves against unnecessary procrastina tion ; and their apprehension that needless delay will not be disfavoured by the Court of Aldermen is not without some show of reason. Their fears in this respect are justified by a re view of the nature of the differences between the Courts, and the fierceness with which they have, from the first, been respectively main tained. The power claimed by the present Lord Mayor, of not putting any question from the chair of which he may individually disapprove, is of itself quite sufficient to determine a body of men, who conceived they constituted a deliberative assembly to repair to Parliament without loss of time, and demand that their chief officer shall be forthwith divested of such an objectionab:e act of authority. The reluctarce displayed by the Aldermen to appeal to the Legislature does not place them in a very be coming light. They seem to be afraid of losing some of their present powers, privileges, or-immu nities. But why should they, if these are really subservient to the public good? If they are, they can have no difficulty in establishing the fact; and if they are not, ought they to desire to retain them ? Were not the subject-matter too grave, as affecting a Corporation which for antiquity, power, wealth, and renown has never been equalled, one might be in clined to be amused at the spirit in which the dis putants support their wrangles. According to the version of Mr. LAWRENCE, the Alderman thus ad dresses him :—" But look at what you will lose if you go to Parliament !" In due Socratical fashion, the Alderman is immediately replied to—" Wiil you lose nothing? Will you not be clipped ? " We submit that this style of disputation savours too much of the Peachum and Lockit school; and it is clear that when matters have reached such a crisis, the sooner the parties resort to the mediatory influence of the Legislature the better. We are, therefore, re joiced that the Court of Common Council have deter mined on adopting this course. A letter from Copenhagen of the lith says that, in consequence of the dearness of food, the KING has issued an ordinance declaring that grain, vegetables, po tatoes, flour, and other alimentary productsoh all be free from the duties levied at Lauembourg, whatever may be their destination on the Elbe. The ordinance is to be in force from the opening of the navigation until the end of September. A letter from Turin, of the 20th, says, that the health of the King of SARDINIA has greatly improved, and that his MAJEsTr has been able to transact business with his Ministers. The AugAburgh Gazette publishes a letter from Poland, which says—" The misery now prevailing in the western provinces of Austrian Gallicia is fright ful. An absolute famine prevails, and the starving poor eagerly seize on the bodies of those who die of want as food." A letter from Warsaw gives a new explanation of the movement of Russian troops towards the frontier of Gallicia. " They are," it says, " part of the corps of General KREUTZ, previously quartered in Lithu ania, and now occupying Poland. The corps of General REDIGER is to quit Poland to return to Russia. General KREUTZ has already arrived in this city." The Augsburgh Gazelle of the 19th states that Prince JABLONOWITZ, a few days back, presented to the Emperor of AUSTRIA a petition from the Nobles of Gallicia, praying for some modifications in the edicts relative to the forced labour of the peasantry. The Emperor, to prevent the recurrence of die turbances, consented to receive a deputation of large proprietors on this subject. A Berlin letter of the 19th informs us that the Prussian Government intends to reduce its army, and that a great number of officers have already been placed on the retired list. The Hanover Gazette states that the Government intends to declare Harburn and Gets free ports. The Rhenish Observer announces that Senora LOLL MONTEZ has at last been created Countess DE STERNDEIM, and that the diploma conferring Bava rian naturalisation is to be given to her on the anni versary of her birthday. The Madrid Mail of the 20th inst. had not arrived in Paris. The Fonzento of Barcelona announces that General PAVIA has commuted the sentence passed by a court-martial on five prisoners belonging to the Car list band of Jaime Montserrat from death to banish ment for ten years to a Presidio. We have received the Paris papers of Thursday. The debate on the proposition of 111. DUVERGIER DE HAUILANNE, for electoral reform, still continue in the Chamber of Deputies. During the discussion on Wednesday the Minister of the Interior, M. Dan- CHATEL, declared that the Ministry had determined to make this a Cabinet question, and that if even the prise en consideration of the proposition were carried they would resign. Count SALVANDY has published a letter in the Moniteur Parisien denying that he has been made a Duke. The official returns of imports during the first two months of the year have been published in the ilioni leur. They show a diminution of receipts of 4,903,000 francs, as compared with the two corresponding months of 1846, but of only 326,000 francs, as compared with 1845. The falling off this year must be attributed to the free admission of grain. But for this deficit, which makes a difference of more than 3,500,000 f., the general receipts of the Customs would have, not merely equalled, but have actually exceeded those of last year. The importations of raw materials has, however, somewhat suffered, in consequence of the general re laxation of trade during the two months in question. Thus there has been a decline in mahogany, cotton, wool, silk, linen, threads, lead, zinc, &c. On the other hand there is an increase in sugar, coffee, cast iron, coal, lard, nitrates, and particularly in linseed, and sesame, which in spite of the rigours of the tariff, have risen to a considerable figure (49,000 metrical quintals from 19,400). The Moniteur also announces that the importation of foreign grain in the harbours of France continued with unabated activity during the first fortnight of March. It amounted to 472,445 hectolitres, exceed ing by 80,000 hectolitres the quantity imported during the second half of February. Iu consequence of this large importation, the price of corn and flour has fallen in most of the principal markets of the kingdom. The Siecle publishe3 the followin; letter from Toulon : " Six ships of war are at present being armed in this port, viz., the ships of the line the Jetnappes and Her cui.e, the Pursuviaute and the Charte, tbelender Rhin, and the corvette Astrolabe. The two ships of the line are to form part of the squadron under the orders or Vice-Admiral the Prince de Joinville. The frigate the Pursuviante is to receive on board Rear-Admiral Lego arant de Tromolin, who is to replace Rear-Admiral Ila+.io in the command- of the naval I.tation in the J. 16 La :ail fur N...., Zealand, and the corvette the Astrolabe is, it is aid, to THE SUN, LONDON, MON DAY MORNING, mAucil 29, 1847. explore the river Amazon. 3,000 seamen are required to man those ships, but 18 MAI it is d.ffieult to procure." • Mr. O'CONNELL arrived in Paris on 'Wednesday, en route for Italy. He was accompanied by one of his sons. The Bourse of Paris was animated on Thursday. Securities of nearly every species rose io price. The Three per Cents. closed at 79f. 25c. ; the fire per Cents. at 117 f. 25c. Shares were also much in de mand, those of the Northern line in prticular, it having become known in the course of the day that the receipts for the last week had risen to 255,0001. and upwards, being, as compared with those of the preceding week, an increase of nearly 20,0001. The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Tburstfay, at 79f. 25e.; the Five per Cents., 117 f. 25e. ; Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,2781. Mc.; Roni,n, 872 f. 50 e . ; ' Havre 675 f.; Great Northern, 631 f. 25e.; Avignon, 813 f. 75e. ; Vierzon, 570 f. ; Bordeaux, 52Cf.; Dailogne, 407 f. 50c. ; Basle, 206 f. 25c.; Paris and Strasburg, 445 f.; Nantes, 4301. ; Paris and Lyons, 450 f.; Lyons and Avignon, 4801.; Cette, 450 f.; Spanish Three per Cents., 34k. BUSINESS DONE. IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE,IIImicu 26. Boulogne and -Amiens, 16 1 4 —Bordeaux, Tou!ouse, and Cette (Constituted), 1% -Luxembourg, 1 1 ,4 —Northern of France, WL Paris and Lyons, 5% —West Flanders, 2%. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. Saturday evening was a glorious evening; for her Ma jesty's theatre. It was the even i ng of the day of the Drawing Room, and her Majesty heraelf, with Prince Albert hanoured the theatre with her presence. Around her were grouped the elite of the most glorious Court in the world. The coup &ail was magnificent, ant on Sa turday was realised the imagining of him t o ,A h ose taste we are indebted for the bouton d.a decorations of the boxes. Every box was occupied, and each box looked like a framed picture. The Opera presented was worthy the occasion. It was Ernani with Fraschini as the hero. The part was originally composed by Verdi, for Fraschini, and whether we consider him as . ati actor or as a sing e r, hi s performance was perfect. Opel - ring air, " Come rugiada alcespite," was exquisitely give n ; t h ere was a tenderness and pathos about it that quite carr i e d th e House by storm. It was evident that interpretation English au dience—albeit Moriani's of the character was, in parts, beautiful—had never before heard Er - nani. Fraschini went on from triumph to triumph, and secured tot only his Own fame, but made the opera. Madame Castellan was the Elvira, and she, too, was as superior to her .predecessor, Madame Rita Bonita as was Fraschini to all who have pr. ceded him in the part. There was a grace and a pa thos about her interpretation of the character cf which left nothing to be desired. Superchi, as Carlos, was very fine, his " Alec° Vierti," in the second act, was most deservedly encored. Lrnani is an opera which, perhaps, depends more upon in, cheruses, its con certed, and its orchastral music than any other. It is one which tests to a superlative degree the powers of the chorus and the orchestra, and never was it performed better than on Saturday evening. The choruses were given in a manner infinitely superior to that in which they were either last season or the season before. Musically they were magnificently executed, and they were acted as nail as sung—a vast improvement upon the imps, sable, immoveable. semicircular arrangement of the old chorus singers. The or c h estra l accompan i men t s were super bl y given. There was a feeling, an intelligence, aheut the rendering of Verdi's music by the orchestra on Saturday night, which imparted to it a vitality and a spirit for which mere mechanical band_organry cold correctness is a very poor substitute; not but that musical correctness was also present. It was impossible to have the music performed more correctly; but there was spirit superadded to correctness. It was, taken for all in ail, perhaps, the most perfact performance ever heard within the sval!s of her Majesty's 1 heatre. Her Majesty and Prince Albert were attended by the Duchess of Sutherland, the Marquis of Ormende, the Hon. Miss Murray, the Hon. Miss Napier, Lord Clilden, Colonel Grey, Caloael Bouverie, and Captain : - -4.yrnour. Amongst the other diatiaguished visitors ware the Duke of Wellington, Dowager Duchess of Bedfard, and Lady Rachel Russell, the Marquis of Aylesbury. the Duchess of Victory and Madlle. Espartero, the Duchess of I lunt ley, the Marquis af Clanricardo, the Marquis and Marchioness of Douro, the Marchioness of Orneonde, Earl of Falmouth, Earl of Lousdale, Earl of Belfast, Earl Cardigan, Earl and Countess of Sheffield and Lady Susan Holroyd, Countess of Jersey and Lady Clem.. retina Villiers, Baroness Brunnow and Mademoiselle Olga Lechner, Countess of Blessing ton and the Misses Power, Viscount Drurnlanrig; 11, ,, rds Ernest Bruce, Saltonn, W. Lennox, IL Lennox, A. Fitzclarence, Gardner, Sandy s, the Lord Mayor, Mrs. Carral and the Misses Cam), Lady Charles Wellesley, Lady Fitzroy Somerset, Count Koudriaffsky Conde de Mantemolin, Sir Richard Vivian, Sir John Lowther, Col. Upton, Sir George Wombwell, Mrs. Parke Heating, Mr. and Mrs. E. Phillips, Capt. and the Hon. Mrs. It; der Burton, Hon. Mrs. Norton, Capt. Greville. Hon. F. Chichester, Captain Meynell, Hon. George Byne, Major Thirkley, Mr. and Lady Augusta Wentworth, Sir H. Webb, Captain Reynolds, Mr. Tollemache, Major Baring, &c. ARRIVAL OF THE MONSTER TROUPE OF HORSES, ELEPHANTS, &c. On Saturday, at half past two o'clock, the grand equestrian company engaged by Mr. Bunn to perform at Drury-lane, arrived at the Euston-square terminus. Some hundreds of persona were collected outside the railway station pefore the period named. The two ele phants, who were obliged to perform the journey from Birmingham on foot, owing to there being no railway convenience sufficiently large to contain them, arrived first, drawing after them a huge and richly ornamented carriage, in the shape of a fiery dragon, twenty-one feet in height. These noble animals were first led off, to a spacious yard adjoining the terminus, and there lodged in a place of safety. Soon after the elephants were housed the two o'clock train arrived, consisting of forty five carriages, with trucks, horse-boxes, &c., and the de barkation of the biped and quadruped performers commenced. The entire company, of male and female artists, musicians, painters, and auxiliaries, were next landed. Fifty- tour horses. ten camels, ten ponies, and a great number of new and curiously fashioned carriages of ancient and modern architecture with emblematical devices, formed a p)rtion of the cor tege, which occupied two hours in unpacking. The quad rupeds were all taken off to some adjoining stables, and the bipeds were then conveyed away in cabs to the va• rious lodgings prepared for them, under the immediate surerititendenee of Mr. Bunn, who appeared highly gra tified with their safe arrival. The grand entrance into the metropolis of this nume rous company will take place to-day, w h en th e y w ill b e all removed in precession to Farringdon-street, where every accommodation has been prepared. It is un derstood that they will start at eleven o'clock, arc] if we may judge from the c,!ncourse of people who latrly followed the removal of a certain gigantic equestrian statue, the crowd, of spect a t ors w ill cer tainly be immense to view thin procession, combining all the attraction of elephants, camels, horses, carriages, &c. Mr. Hughes, the proprietor of this establishment, was formerly the head manager of Mr. Batty's Amphi theatre, and was the superintendent of his various en gagements throughout the country. After thi s M r . Hughes commenced the formation of a comp an y u p on his own responsibility, which has now b-come the largest of the kind that has ever appeared upon any stage. The day announced for the first exhibition of this grand equestrian troupe upon the board of Drury-lane is faster Monday, when will be performed a spectacle entitled Lallah Rookh, dramatised by Mr. Fitzball, and every possible effo:t will be used to render it me of the most superb displays ever witnessed upon the stage. No expense whatever has been spared by Mr. Bunn in form ing the arrangements, and we trust that so enterprising an undertaking will meet with its just reward from the public. ROYAL ARSENAL.—The works in this great naval and military depot, at Woolwich, are carried on at rresent with great vigour, the number of guns of modern construc tion to replace those previously mounted on the various for tifications at home and abroad in the colonial possessions of this country being considerable; and the additional number of large pieces of ordnance for the new fortifications at home stations has required a "number of workmen to complete them within the time they were ordered to be ready for use. The contractors for timber have recently supplied a large quantity, and have upwards of 4,500 loads to deliver for making ship and gun carriages, and carriages and limbers for field ordnance. The works i the boring and carriage de partments are now effected with steam power, instead of horses, the former laborious plan ; the horses are now em ployed in the open air in carting timber and moving large pieces of ordnance to and from the proof butt and to the de partments where the various works are carried on to make them perfect. About 100 horses are required every da.‘, with 50 gunners and drivers of the Royal Artillery for the work in the Royal Arsenal, and upwards of 100 men of the Royal Artillery are daily employed in assisting to unload the timber from the barges which convey it by canal from Ycrkshire. SUDDEN DEATH AT THY TOWEL—A young man, named Houghton, while on Thursday engaged in the works going on at the Tower, was seized with 21 fit and fell to the ground. He was immediately conveyed to the regimental hospital, and was attended by the surgeon, but death ensued almost immediately. Th e b o dy now awaits an inquest at the canteen. TIIE ROYAL STABLES AT WINDSOR.—Since the discovery of the dry-rot throughout the extensive boarding around the riding sek:ol at the royal mews, at Windsor (the whole of which has recently been entirely removed, and the kamptulicon substituted), is has been found that the wooden divisions of the stalls and other portions of the wood-work in the royal stables are similarly affected. In several of the stables the stalls h ave b een newly constructed, and it is feared, in consequence of the inroals made by the rot, that the whole will have to be removed and undergo a similar process. ALARMING FIRE ATTIMLICO.—Friday night, be tween ten and eleven o'el ;:k, a fire, that caused considerable alarm, broke out upon the premises in the occupancy of Mr. Gumbleton, boot and shoemaker, Grosvenor-row, Pimlico. The flames originated from some unknown cause in the front shop, and were first perceived by a police-constable. An immediate alarm was raised, and messengers were sent to give intelligence of the outbreak to the engine -stations; meanwhile the fire continued to spread, so that in a very brief space of time the whole of the stock in the shop be came wrapped in one broad sheet of flame. With all possible expedition, one of the escapes of the Royal Society for the Protection of Life from Fire arrived. as well as several engines of the London Brigade, parish, and West of England office. Plenty of water was obtained, from which the firemen set to work most rigorously, but before they could get the mastery over the flumes, the whole of the stock in trade was reduced to ashes. Fortunately, Mr. Gumbleton was insured in the Sun Fire-office. GOING SNACKS !—A fortnight ago, during the first day's fishing, this season, of the Stockton Anglers' Club, Captain Stoker Was trying his luck in the Leven, and "got a bit e ." Ile " pulled up" insranter. But 10 ! instead of a whole 11,h, the head and shoulders alone came to light. An ottfzr, th-r •- '• 1.• 1 '4 ~^ member 01 the SLockton Angie's' Club, The tish—a trout — bad been afoot long.—.Gateshead Observer. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. (From The Sun of Saturday Night.) The Cotton Market at Liverpool this week has improved about id. per lb. on the superior qualities of American, and id. on other sorts. The stock is 476,440 bales, against 816,630 bales at this time last year. Railway Shares were firm, though quiet, yesterday. The following are the most interesting points in the return from the Bank of England for the week to March 20:— Notes issued £24,487,935 Decrease ... ... 298,405 Rest, increase ... 9,416 Public Deposits, decrease ... 244,539 Other Deposits, increase ... 426,299 Seven day and other Bills, increase 46,165 Other Securities, increase ... 292,162 Notes, decrease 135,395 Bullion ... 11,231,630 Decrease ... 217,831 The Bank bas, according to the above statement, reduced its active circulation about 163,0001., but as, in order to keep ;:p the amount of the paper out, the amount of the notes lett unemployed in the banking department is again reduced, there is an impression that the corporation, unless a change takes place, must limit its discounts. We do not anticipate this result, becau,e the bullion from France will now gra dually be brought back, and the grain markets are receding steadily. With respect to the stock of bullion, a decrease was to be expected under the circumstances. There is nothing in the advices from the Cape of Good Hope to the 22,1 of January, to weaken the impression ex cited by the previous accounts, as to the speedy conclusion of the Kafir war. Truly it has been a wearisome and costly conflict for the border colonists, and one 'which hill leave behind losses that cannot be retrieved for many years. Some of the farmers, though stout of heart yet, are described as having suffered mentally : , nd physically to such an extent as to have the appearance of being ten years older than before the war commenced. The English securities although steady to-day have not been buoyant. Consols realised 89 1 / s % for present transfer, and 894 % for account. Exchequer-bills have been at par to 3s. premium. East India Stock has been marked 247 1 1 2 . The foreign investments have been very dull. Spanish Five per Cents. 23, and Portuguese Four per Cents. 34%. Grenada Bonds have realised 20, and Yenezula 40 1 / 2 . Lut.h Two-and-a-Half per Cents. have been 59 to 1 / 4. Shares have been rather fluctuating, but generally are held for full rates. ERITISLI. FUNDS. ONE • CLOSING O'CLOCK. PRICES. Three per Cent. Consols Annuities 89% , ,fi 8934 New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cent. Anus. ex div 89T‘ India Stock .. . 247% 24732 Bank Stock for Arril 14 .. 2053,4 Consols for Account .. 894%14 8934 Exchequer Bills, 1 d. 2d. 1,0001... par 3 p 3 p 5001. . par 3 p 3 p Ditto, Small ••-• .... 41 p 1 p ONE CLOSINt, FOREIGN - FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PiilOES. Chilian Bonds, 6 per Cent .. . Ditto, Deterred .. 52 523 4 Danish, 3 per Cent -. .. • • .. 88 as Grenada, 1 per gent . 20 197 1 , Portuguese Four per Cent 3434 31 Spanish Donds, 5 per Cent .. .. 23 22!, , 4 Ditto, Passive Bonds .. Ditto, Dctsrred —1 5 ,1 i Venezuela Bonds, 2 per Cent .. 4034 40% Dividends on the above payable in London. Dutch Two-and.a-halt per Cent .. 5934 59 3 ,4 Ditto. 4 per Cent. Certlrica:es .. 9334 93 PRICES OF BUSINESS CLOSING RAILWAY SHARES. PAID. DONE AT PRICES. ONE O'CLOCK. Amber., Notting., Boston, and • ' Eastern Junction . .. •••• • • • • Birmingham and Oxford Junction 5 .... 13% ...... •• • • 13% Bristol and Exeter . • • • .. 75 •• • • - •• • • . Buckinghamshire ..61.45... .• t,4 p.•to p Caledonian .. 30 .... 204.3 , 4-34 Direct Northern Scrip .. 2%. Eastern Counties . .. 20 .... 19% 20 Do. l'erpet., 5 per Cent. No. 1.61. I3s. 40. - ditto.. .. No. 2. 61. 13s. 40. - Ditto, York Extension .. • • 5 M •• • • 5 % •••• • • • • s !i Edinburgh and Glasgow .. 50 -71% cx div 72 x.d. Ditto, Halt Shares .. .. 10 .... 19%.... Ditto, Quarter Shares 1 7 7%•••••. Ely and liunvngdon 12% 12% 12% Great Northern (London & York Regd.) .. 2% .... 2% • • ...... • • 21 . 4 Do., do (Direct Northern Regd.) 3% .... •• ••.. •• 3 % Great Sentient &. West. (Ireland) 30 .... 25% 25% Great North of England . ..100 -.230% ..... . Ditto, New .. . .• '2O -- 5B Groan Western 85 ....117 115.. • Ditto. Rau' Shares .. 50 .... 68 1 4 68 .. •• . 68 Ditto. Quarter Shares 12%...• 18 18% Ditto, :New 4% •• 7x4 ..•• •• 7 Huddersfield and Manchester .. lb .... 19 .........• 19 Bun and Selby .. - 104 Ditto, Hal; Shares 25 - . Leeds and Bradford .• .. 3i .... 79 Liverp.. & Nerve. Junct. - London and Rlac wrll .. 161. 13s. 40. - ,.., ,.., - Ditto, New, No. 2 .. • • U. 13s. 40. - p.... •• • • % p London, Brighton, and S Coast • • 50 .. • • 53% 531 4 London and Greenwich .. 121. 15s. 40. - •• - Do. Pre:er. or Privilege 18/. 17s. - London 415 North-Western -100 .... 179% ...... 179 Ditto, Quarters . 1) Liu ditto, New Shares • • .. 2 .... 12N •• • Ditto, 10/. Shares M. &B. (A) 5 .... - ....... 1114 Ditto, 10/. Shares M. & It. (11) 5 .... - .......... 11 1 4 Ditto, 101. Shares Si . & B. (C) - 714 London and South-Western 41/. Gs. 100... - Ditto, New Consul. Eighths .. 40 .... 47 1 4 • • ..... ... 47 Ditto, New .. 22% - .......... Ditto, Tenths (Consolidated) .. 50 .... 5414 ........ 24 1 4 Ditto, Scrip.. .. • • • . .. 5 .... - 5 1 8 London and York Extension Scrip 2% - .... • • Lynn and Derelntin .• 15 .... 16% 1634 Manchester and Leeds .. 82 .• - •••• .... - Ditto, Half Shares 38 .... 49 .• •• _ 481 Ditto, Fifths .. • . .• • • 10% ••••• • • • • • 11 '% Ditto, Thirds (Reg.) .. -71. 45..... - p.........• 2sµ p Ditto 1 4 Gate Rudders. & Sheff.) 23 .. •• 26% ••••.. • • • • 25% Manchester, Buxton, & Atauock 425. • • .• - p• • p Manchester and Southampton .. 2 .... 1% 31.1d!and -100 ... 117%14 ........ 116% Ditto, New .. .. 30 .• 34%%........ 34% Ditto, New .. .. 2 .... .......... Ditto, Birmingham and Derby 100 92 93 ........ 93 Midland, ttirming. & Gloucest..• 100 .. -123% 123% Ditto, New (iss. at 7% dis ).. 17% 30 .......... 39% Ne weastle and Bervitet .. • . 20 .. • • 29 • . 29 Ditto, New .. . .. • 5 .... 8 % Ditto, North Shields.. • . 25 .... 32% 32% Newmarket and Chesterford .. 10 .... - .......... - Ditto, Extension 21. 12s. • • .. - 1,4 p Norfolk •.. -100 ....137 .• • • • 136% 'Northern Counties Union .... . North British 25 • . 33% ... 33% Ditto, Quarter Shares •• .. 2 4% . 3F4 Ditto, Thirds • • .. • • • • I .. • • 34 3% North Statfordshiro .. • • • • 5 •• .. 8% 1 .... 814 .North Western . .. 4 .. • . - .......... 41,8 Preston and Wyre .. • . 25 .... 3514 „„ 35 Reading, Guildford, and Reigate b .• •• -• .......... 5 Royston and Hitchin . • • .. .... 2 .. •• • ..... 2 Shrewsbury and Birmingham .. 3 .... Ditto, Class B .. • . 1 1 , 4 .... ....• .. • . South Devon .. South Eastern and Donor .. • • 3354.. •• 37% .. •••• • • • • 37% 1 , 0., New (do 151.) .. No. 4. 3%.... 4 South Yorkshir , , Doncaster, and Swans. & Loughor & Cameron's • • 2 .•.. 3 .......... 3 Vale of Neath 2 ...• - • . •1 4 West Riding Union .. .. 41. 2s. •• • • IN p• • ...... Is 4 p York and Newcastle .. 25 .... 35 •••• Ditto, New.. _ .. 10 .• • 15% •••• • .. 15% Ditto, Preference .. 4 .... 8 ... 8 York and North Midland .. .. 50 .... 85 85 Ditto, Extension .. 20 .... 36!.4 ......., 36 Ditto, Preference • • .. .. 2 .... 11% 11 1 ;, Do. E, and IV. Riding Exten.• • 10 • • ••• 21% FOREIGN RAILWAYS. Boulogne and Amiens .. 0 .... 16 1 4 •••••••• • • 16% Namur and Liege .. • • .. 10 .......... 4 N Northern or France .• .. • . 8 .... 13 1 ,4 • . • • • l 3 54 Paris and Lyons •• 8 .... 57' 6 Sambre and Meuse .. 12 .... 6 1 4 •• •• 6 % West Flanders . 6 .... MINES. Real del Monte, Unrezistered THE NEW JUDGES UNDER THE SMALL DEBTS ACT. We believe that the following may be looked upon as a correct list of the Judges under the New Small Debt, Act, as far as the appointments have taken place, with the respective districts assigned to them :- DISTRICTS. JUDGES. 1. Northumberland 2. Durham H. D. Stap)lton 3. Cumberland & Westmoreland Theophilus Ingham 4. North Lanca,hire T. Addison 5. South West Lancashire 6. Liverpool 7. West Cheshire J. W. Harden 8. Manchester ... J. St. J. Yates 9. East Cheshire 10. South East Lancashire 11. Bradford 12. Halifax 13. Sheffield 14. Leeds T. H. Marshall 15. York 16. llull 17. Lincolnshire J. G. Stapleton Smith 18. Nottinghamshire R. Wildman 19. Derbyshire 20. Leicestershire and Rutland shire • J. Hildyard 1. Birmingham Leigh Trafford 22. Warwickshire 23. Worcestershire B. Parham 24. Herefordshire and Mon mouthshire J. M. Herbert 25. Dudley and Wolverhampton Mr. Sergeant Clarke 26. Staffordshire R. G. Temple 27. Shropshire 28. North Wales A. J. 'Manes 29. Mid Wales 30. South East Wales 31. South West Waless J. Johnes 32. Norfolk 33. Suffolk 34. The Fen Circuit 35. Bedfordshire and Cambridge shire 36. Buckinghamshire and North amptonshire 37. Berkshire and Oxfordshire J. B. Parry, Q C. 38. Home Circuit 39. Essex 40. Whaechapel 41. Shoreditch and Bow 42. Clerkenwell 43. Bloomsbury D. D. Heath 44. Brentford, Bronipton, and Marylebone 45. Westminster D. C. Moylan 46. Surrey 47. Southwark 48. Greenwich and Lambeth 49. West Kent 50. East Kent 51. Sussex 52. Hampshire and Isle of Wight C. J. Gale 53. Bath and Ntrth Wilts 54. Gloucestershire ..... J. Francillon 55. Bristol .. A. Palmer 56. South Wilts and Dorsetshire E. Everest 57. Somersetshire 58. East a-von 59. West Devon W. M. Pilled 60. Cornwall . The Belgian Government has just authorised a company of merchants to establish at Liege a manufactory of fulminating cotton on a very large scale. "Phis is, we be lieve, the first marufactory of the kind which has been yet established; and it has already produced a considerable quan tity of the cotton. H INT ELLIG FNC E.—WORCE.TEIT, MAC CH 23.-- , :7-; • L:t i'ta‘, 1", ! ,0 , VT‘ '. ir: M;;.? 4-. r joc-! A tr:11;;Ig dri:Lt mitted to, 86s. to 88s. being considered top prices.—Worces ter Journal, LITERATXRE. RECOLLECTIONS OF M.II,IIiMY SERVICE in 1813, 1814, and 1815, through HOLLAND, and FRANCE, including some Details of the Batt'es of Quatre Bras and Waterloo. By Thomas Morris, lute Sergeant of the 73d Regiment of Foot. This is one of those pleasing little works, the peru sal of which will gratify the general reader, while much instruction may be }leaned from the simple record of the life and feelingsof the private soldier, during a most interesting and critical period of the history of our country, It is peculiarly apposite at the present time, when so many amtliorarions have been effected; and are contemplated in the condition of our military brethren. Who can so truk depict the many things, in theimelve trivial and inconsiderable, but which materially influence the mind, and lead to the content and happiness, or misery an,i wretchelness of the private soldier, as the man who has himself par. tioipated in those feelings,' %s ho has felt by what means he could he enabled to resist tempration, to be obedient to his superiors, temperate and correct in his habits, it strict observer of discipline, and in all respects a good and upright soldier, and who could also tell of the petty vexations and annoyancs that harra , :s and torment his brethren, that induce in subordination, and lead men to incur the risk of punishment? The author throws considerable light on two ques tions that have hitherto been much discussed, but which are now, we hope, practically set at rest, viz., the necessity of corporal punishment, and the effi ciency of enlistment for a limited period. The first he contends to be cruel and unnecessary, and he relates with much simplicity many instances of its injurious effects, and the superior efficacy of a milder and more lenient discipline. We shall give his own words : " The cheapness of ardent spirits, genuine hollands, direct from the distillery, and sold in the chandlers' shops, the same as small beer used to be in England; and the price of the spirit (retail) was only eightpence per ciart. The consequence was, we had a great deal of drunkenness and crime, and, as a matter of course, a great many punishment parades, which took place on the esplanade, or piece of ground near the citadel, over looked by 2 numb r of respectable houses ; and the fre quency of our disgraceful flogging exhibitions created such horror and disgust, that at length a remonstrance was presented to our commanding (Meer on the subject. " After the protest : of the inhabitants, other modes of punishment were adopted. Solitary confinement for the more serious crimes; and extra guards and punishment drills for the common Ilene:es. Sometimes the man would have to mount gleird, anti stand sentry with log of wood fastened by a chain to his leg. Crime did certainly not prevail to the same extent alterwards as it did before. S 4itaty confinement was more especially dreaded by the men." _ _ _ Serjeant 'Morris was manifestly a man of observa tion and . judgment, and we confess that after the pe rusal of his little volume, we would feel inclined to attach more weight to his judgment than to that of many who have filled more exalted stations, and who could scarcely tolerate an opinion at variance with the prejudice and fancies in which they are enveloped. THE OLD ENGLLS'iI GEAI Lfi'M ; or, The Ficld3 and the Woods. By John Mills. The author of this agreeable volume is manifestly an enthusiastic and passionate lover of field sports. He devotes himself to their descripti.n in all their varieties, whether hunting the fox or badger, hunting, shooting, coursing, or angling. The first, however, the exciting fox hunt, appears the chief object of his idolatry. His hounds are in themselves distinct characters, each enjoying their owi, peculiar, qualifications, and his horses are his hums nien, and wi ippers-in . There is much ieformation as ti the duties and requisites of those all important functional ies, that would doubtless be va luable to young aspit ants and w,.uld be perused with much pleasure by all sportsinents of every age, class, and condition. Tlae plot is cniefly used as a means 0: introducing his vivid and glowing descriptions of sport ing affairs ; but yet it pos-esses interest sufficient to attract, and satisfy those who know little of sporting affairs. The author, however, succeeds bettr while lie remains in the country—on the green sod ; on, a hich he is quite at home. His scene in Court during the trial of Larkins v. Titley is too absurd. Ile makes this attorney a grossly transpa rent rogue, who would speedily be banished from the profession. The barristers, dunderheads, who are put down by the must commonplace slang from a common clod-hopper; and his jury of country gen tlemen, (we wonder he had not some sympathy with them,) a set of simpletons; without sense or intellect. But with this exception (which is, indeed, strongly at variance with the other pa. is of the book), John Mills is a right merry and jovial companion with whom to wile away a passing hour, and it is impos sible not to accord to him the character to which he chiefly aspires, that of a jolly sportsman. The kind hearted old :quire, full of benevolence, is a fine English gentleman of the olden time. Tom Bolton, too, the veteran whipper-in, is a character of which there have -been many prototypes, and we trust that many are still to be found like master and like man. Indeed we should deeply lament if we supposed that either class was extinct, or likely to become so. We doubt not that the book will have an extensive circulation, particularly in all coun try quarters, and when once admitted, it will become a sort of sportsman's vale mecum, to be con sulted with the "Sporting liepozitory," or the "Papers of Nimrod." ARTISTS' GENERAL BENEVO LENT INSTITUTION. The thirty-second auniversary of this excellent Insti tion, the object of which is to ralieve decayed artists, and to afford assistance to their widows end orphans in the hour of need, was celebrated at the Freemason's Cavern, on Saturday evening. Thomas Baring, E: q., M.P., presided, in the unavoidable absence of Samuel Jones Lloyd, &q , who had been announced to preside, from indisposition. About 150 gentlemen sat down to dinner. Among them we observed, Sir Roderick Mur chison, Sir W. C. Ross, R.A. ; P. Hardwicke, Esq. ; J. Hardwicke, Esq. ; J. 11. Mann, Esq. ; C. R. Cockrill, Esq., R.A. ; and anumber of other gentlemen connected with the Fine Arts. The cloth having been removed, and the Benedictus chaunted, by Messrs. T. Cooke, Ilatton, Kench, ant? others, who, with the Misses Payne, greatly contributed to the hilarity of the evening, the usual loyal and con stitutional toasts were given, and warmly responded to —particularly the toast of " The Queen, under whose protection the institution is now placed by her Ma jesty's command ;" and n Prince Alb •rt, the patron of the institution," which was coupled with the announce • meat of the pleasing fact that His Royal Highness had presented the institution with a inunitic.mt donation of 501. The effAIR3IAN then rose to prop: se " Prosperity to the Artists General Benevolent Institution." In dis charging so pleasing a duty—i . er it was one which gave him the highest gratification—he said he tint the im possibilhy of his adt quately advocating the cause which he-and they had met to support ; his complete inability to give effect to the wishes which he entertained for the success and continuance of the institution. However, in asking them to di ink presp• rity to the institution, he felt that he could not do better than leave the appreciation of the toast to their own , eelings, which could not fail to plead more forcibly in favour of an earnest response than anything he could say or urge. If they were not well aware of Lhe importance —of the national importance—of the general benevolence of the objects of the institution, he feared he might des pair of obtaining their support and sympathy, for those objects of their advocacy rested neither upon his language or conduct. When he found that, since 1814, that institu tion had expended 10,5631: in relieving those who emi nentls deserved it, he felt that it was creditable to the people of this country, and also that expenditure was an evidence of how much contributions were wanted. What vast amount Of sorrow and suffering had been re moved by this fund, and what an ample field there yet . remained for . the exercise of th's generosity and benevolence of the English people.—(Cheers.) It is impossible when one looked through the list tn those who had received aid, not to see how much for tuitous circumstances tended to produce the most dis astrous consequences, and to place those, who least expected such a result, in a position to require assistance from the funds of the institution ; how little error—how little want of forecast, but how much circumstances might render it necessary for many to apply to the insti tution for relief, which no one wished to do until com pelled by stern necessity. No occupation tended more , to a desire for independence than that of an artist ; and in his struggle to obtain it, he, perhaps, was unable to provide for those attached to him, or even for himself, as he could wish. The admicistration of the funds was vested in those who could well appreciate the feelings and calamities of artists, and whose high position was a sufficient guarantee that the funds would be properly ex pended. When he mentioned the name of Mr. Nichol, the honorary secretary, he was sure there would be a general feeling of confidence.—(Hear, hear.) Artists when necessitated to seek aid, had a strong claim on their generosity—in fact, it was a national debt of gratitude to contribute to the support of those who not, by , their own fault, but by inevitable calamities were themselves, or those connected with them, induced to want.—(Loud cheering.) It was a debt due to those, who, by their efforts and genius, elevated the public character—benefited the public—and directed public taste by diverting men from the pursuit of mere sensual pleasure to the more ennobling pleasure of art.—(Hear, hear.) They must all know, that in every profession, the ladder must be climbed from the bottom—and that, too frequently, the task was far from easy of accomplish ment; so that, if a man had only got half way up. if he had not had his course chalked out for him so that it might be easily traversed, it was possible that he might soon want aid; and, although he did not mean to say that artists were not encouraged in this country, yet thrsugh those accidental circumstances to which he had alluded, his might become dispirited and be crushed before he could rise into notoriety.—(Hear, hear.) When he 11..ew that in that art, it might often occur, that men who toiled for fame as artists, d d forget the value of money and the suffering which its loss might entail upon them—that the artist might think that, in achieving repu tation, hr misrht cit,t aside all the means of (quoin:m - Ift that Old think that: vvn - nt a dus.sp labour, disabled by i siekness, or removed by death, leaving those near and dear to him, without the bare means of subsistence, that it was their duty to step forward and asuage his or their sorrows.—(Cheers.) Do not let theta believe that there were not many men of talent who were not thus prostrated. Let them remember Coreggio, whose health and life were bowed down by the heavy blow of unappreciated and unrequited labour. lie was an example that, even with the greatest talents end powers, and with the greatest claims to public gra titude, and to imnaortality, a man might be neglected during his existence, and that he might die and leave those dependent upon him in absolute want. It was because he believed that this was an institution which feel claims not merely upon their charity but upon their justice, - not upon their individual generosity, but upon the eublie—ueon national support—that he called upon theta to drunk prosperity to the institution with three tunes three, and with an additional cheer, to show that tney heartily wished it unbounded prosperity and sue cess.—(Lou'd cheers.) The teat was drunk with the greatest enthusiasm. Mr. MANN returned thanks. He said, if they could - accurately estimate the advantages which the institution hart conferred--the groans which it had suppressed, the cheering inlluei.ce which it had produced, the widows hearts which it made leap with joy, the aid which it had given to depressed artists, whose life it bad revivede— - hey should present an account of good work which would be perfectly astonishing.—(Cheers.) No institu tion, which had ever met within these walls, had a higher claim to suppirt.-411ear, hear.) The tollewieg toasts were then drunk in succession : —The chairman ; S J. Lloyd, Etg. ; the British Asso cintien, for the Advancement of Science, (responded to by Sir R. Murchison) ; Sir A. M. Shee, the President. of the Royal Academy, and the Royal Academicians ; Mr. Reinagle, R.A. ; the Royal Companies for promot ing the Fine Arts ; the Blitish lase mit), and all other fl.,tifutions for the pro:notion of the Fine Arts ; the Artists' Annuity and Benevolent Fund ; Vice-Presie den ; Treasurer, &c. &c. from the cash account, made up to the end of the year, it appears that the total investments amount to 13,104/. 3s. Id., that the total receipts, including the ba.".ance from 1545, were 1,7021. ss. ; and that 680/ had been expended in donations, many of the recipient., having received as many as twenty donations, one twenty-four, another twenty one, and two eighteen. Balance at bankers 549/. 123. 6d. 995 eases have been relieved by sums amounting to 10,5631. 7s. 10d. ' Among the subscriptions announced by the Treasurer (which, in the course of the evening amounted to 5601. lls.), were the following donors and donations : His Royal Highness Prince Albert, 501.; British In stitution, 50/.; Duke of Sutherland, 10 guineas ; Earl of Ellesmere, 101. ; Duke of Norfolk, 5 guineas ; Earl Ashburton, la.; Sir John Swinburn, 10/.; the L o rd Mayor, 5 guineas; L , :rd Charles Townsend, 101.; Sa , rnuel Jones Loyd, E , q , 20 guineas ; Thomas Baring, Dq., M.P., 21 guineas ; Sir Charles Forbes, 201. ; Sir J. A Shee, P.R.S., 5 guineas ; Sir B. Murchison, 101. ; Chides Barry, Esq., B. A., 5 guineas ; George Jones, E:q , RA. 101. ; C. L. Easthlke, Esq., R.A., 51. ; C. Cockerel), Esq , 5 guineas ; Sir William Ross/ 11. A., 5 guineas ; David Roberts, Esq. R.A., 5 guineas; Tiles. Webster, 11. A., 5 guineas ; Philip Hardwick, 8.A., 10 guineas ;W. Wyon, R.A. 5 guineas ; Thos. • Creswick, R.A., 5 guineas ; Mrs. Phillipps, 2 guineas ; Lady Chantrey (her 6th'donation since her husband's death), 201.; James H. Mann, Esq., 5 guineas ; Robert. Vernon, 51. ; Henry lity•„s, 5 guineas; Messrs. Celuaghie 5 guineas. The compary did not separate - till near eleven. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENt.=INEERS. (March 16.—Sir John Rcnnie, President, in the chair.) The piper read was by Mr. Joshua Richardson, Al. List. C.E.,F.G.5., &c., " On the Vent lation of Mines. , ' After stating the necessity for establishing a more complete system of ventilation as a measure of common humanity, and the advantageous results is a commercial view which would arise from enabling the miners to develop their physical force with more benefit to their:se' , es, and allow them to (to a greater amount of task work for the same sum. the piper ptoc, eded to describe the system of ventila ion at present pursued in Newcastle and its vicinity, as being that of the district where the greatest attention had, from necessity, been paid to the subject, which is one of uncle übted cifficulty. It is, at the same time, one of almost national importance ; for as a mercan tile nation much of our greatness depends upon our manu factures, and unless the fuel for producing power is obtained at a reasonable price, the results of all our attention and skill will not enable us to coal' pete with foreign labour. Without good ventilation our !nines eanivit be worked; or, at least, must be so imper r,ety conducted as to render fuel scarce and expensive. Much attention has been paid by very able men to this subject ; and still the necessity becomes more apparent For some great alterations, to avoid the gradual but Trtain waste of human strength, from long sojourn ill ,nephitic nir, or the frightfid loss of life from the explosions of the gorses exuding from the coal in the pro2ress of getting. The nature of thee gases, which are the carburetted hydrogen, the olephiant, the sulphuretted hydrogen, sod the carbonic acid gas, were severally treated of. The three first are known as fire-damp, being explosive when mixed with certain proportims of comm on air" the latter is known as choke damp, or after-damp; it ie produced in large quantities by explosions, and corn' }Metes the fa - al work left undone by the explosive gases. It also exists in old workings and ill-ventilated • mines. These gases require a large supply of pure air to dilate ' and render them innocuous, and a still larger quantity necessary to support the respiration of the narnbet'' men and animals employed in a mine. The entiane e ; therefore, of the fresh air and the exit of the foul air should be free and capacious. This is gene rally effected by having two pits, one termed the " downcast" and the other the " upcast" shaft, sunk to the coal bed; down the former of these the fresh air sinks, and after travelling along through the various galleries, as it is guided by doors and other means in various directions, it returns to the bottom of the latter (the up cast) shaft, where a furnace is established, in which it is rarified and rendered so much lighter that it readily ascends the up-cast shaft, thus causing throughout the mind a current of air, which, when all succeeds according to the design of the mining engineer, affords ample ventilation in all parts. Soinetimes, however, an unusual escape of deleterie ous gas takes place, by the carelessness of the boys having charge of the traps and partition doors in the air ..topped ; or ways. Some of them are left open , or improperly d kept shut, and the current of air is dive rted or ~ y one of the workmen, from heedlessnes s or cupidity in de siring to have more light for his work , opens the safety lamp, the inflammable gas is ignited, and an explosion ensues. From one or more of these causes arose all the accidents that have occurred, and it appears that hitherto no precautious measures have sufficed to prevent their occurrence. The paper dwelt at some length on the present methods of ventilation, and the objections to them, illustrating the positions by quotations from the best authorities on the subject, all of which went to shot that, in spite of all the care and attention that had been given to the question, all the skill of the engineers, and, the introduction of the safety lamp, in 1816, the loss of life had been greater since that period than it Wa s in a corresponding period previous to its intro duction. This must not be charged entirely to the lamp. for although it may have rendered men bolder, and induced them to trust too much to the lamp, in yen' turing into those parrs of the mines which formerly would have been abandoned, still it must he borne i° mind that, as the coal was got at ereater depths and dis tances from the shafts, the ventilation became W ore difficult, and, from the greater number of persons ere; ployed in one mine, if an accident did occur, the loss of life was greater in proportion. The merits of the safety lamps produced almost simele taneously by Sir 11. Davy, Mr. G. Stephensen, and Dr. Reid Clanny, were canvassed, and the greater attic/ 1114 of merit, as well as the credit of the first production of it, appeared from evidence to be due to Mr . Stephenson. The author then entered into calcu lations, showing that the dimensions of the " up-east shaft should in all cases be increased in pro portion to the augmented volume of the air, from the expansion at the higher temperature at which it leaves the mine, after traversing all the passages; and if this were attended to, not only would the general ventilation be better, but in the event of an accident occurring, by an explosion, or . the derangement of some of the air' passages from' falls of the roof, &c., an extra power could be applied, which would at any rate prevent a portion of the frightful loss of human life whic h , now occurs. It wa s ev id en t f ro m the w hole stateroin' that although in certain cases of fiery mines some in" provements might be be advantageously introduced, yet that in the majority of the good mines the present method sufficed to maintain them in a healthy and saf e state; and that in almost all cases it was the culpable neglect of, and not the want of means of prevention, that caused the destruction of health, life, and property in th e mining operations of the kingdom. This opinion appeared to be participated in by all the speakers in the v er y i n t eres ti ng di scuss i on w hi c h ensued , and in which the interference of Government by legis lative enactments, with respect to methods of ventilation , was severely deprecated. It had become fashionable now, whenever a al,; culty occurred, to recommend "legislative enactment as an universal panacea ; as if a Committee of the House, or a body of commissioners,. none of whe el probably possessed any practical knowledge of the subject, could at once fall by inspiration upon the methods of prevention or cure which had so long elude d the careful investigation of scientific and practical men, whose time, talents, and fortunes had been all devoted to the subject from that great incentive to ex" ertion, " self-interest." When the example of foreign countries was quoted, it should be at the same time shown in how backward a state they were in ee' gineering, in mining, in commerce, and, in fac t, in everything with which the Government in terfered, as compared to the high state of per fection arrived at in this country. What was their po sition with respect to common roads, canals, railways, the extent of their mines, and the general amount of manufactures, as compared to those of England ? And yet grey bud the " advantages" of the " wisdom" an d i the " fostering protection of Government," whilst n England there was nothing (fortunately) but compel' tion to urge manufacturers and miners to bring their prod is to market of the best quality and at the cheapest possiide rate. In short, it was shown that, to do anY good, Government must leave the matter alone. Tlic discussion upon this subject was to be renewed at the next meeting of Tursday, March 30, when , a paper will be read " On the Defects in the Principles of Con struction of Fire proof Buildirge," by Mr. W. Fairbairpr M Inst. C.E. The Conde de Monteiaolin, attended by the MarqUiS : tile inceting with his presence, and appeared to evince great interest iTi the proceedings, as well as in the arguments of the various speakers. 0.1%,.. HER 1V vis Chaff Min Mrq of S Mis, th e Co u Itvi s (lett gen pre cut 1) u uhui he.,l