The Sun. — London, England, 1840-09-08 00:00:00

EVMNING EDITION. THE EASTERN QUESTION. (From the C',zeyrier Francais of Sunday.) On the faith of certain correspondents who appear not to have beenjn the secret of the events, several Journals affirenearyesterday morning that M. Walewski had bees sent to Alexandria to give counsel to the Pacha which the French Government could not avow. To beer them, it would be nothing less than an absolute submission to the injunctions of the Powers. France, not wishing nor daring to oppose herself to the execn ton of the London treaty, would have urged the Pacha to ac pit the terms of the convention which islifitat Bey I%s just offerred him. We have already .repuised a supposition, which is both offensive for the Government and for France. Letters from Alexandria, whieh have been communicated to us, permit us at the present to give a flat denial. M. Walewski's mission had no direct reference to the Lonel,on treaty. France is out of that treaty, not hav ing eigned it, and it does not suit her to recommend it, having only attacked it up to the present time by an appeal to arms. It would not be consistent with her dignity to provoke besides a resistance to which her Go vernment would not join. To advise the Pacha to sub mit would he cowardice on our part ; to advise him to assort to resistance, energy, and in one word, to act, we eeld. he promising our co-operation and compromising our libe."l. M.Walewski was to avoid both points ; and it is p e , aitively stated that he only saw Mehemet Ali after the solemn audience at which the Viceroy had just notified to the Earoy of the Porte his heroic resolution. The Viee: o o reply once known, the French Envoy could freely give Lim counsels as to the line of conduct. We believe that M. Welewski endeavoured to appease Mehemet Ali's sentiments, and to enlighten his position, without detracting from the energy with which he wishes to defend his rights. Vie reply which Mehemet Ali made to M. Wa lewski's communication breathes nobleness and firmness. " I thank France,"said he, " for not having signed the London treaty ; it'is a consolation and. a strength for me. lam deeply impressed with the service which she has renderei me, in causing a proper value to be put on my rights, and I shall never forget it. If it suited her at the present time to opp ose herself to the projects of Ise Powers, I should be proud to range myself on her side ; I would place my fleet at her disposal, as well as my army and my son. If she does not, I understand her reserve. Our positions are not ehe same ; our movements ought, perhaps, to remain independent. Let France act as the thinks proper ; as for my part I reserve to myself every freedom of action. A wicked and violent treaty has been framed against me. I will not attack those who have signed it ; I will be patient and moderate ; but I will shed even the very last drop of my blood to preserve the empire which I have founded. If the Powers limit themselves to blockade the coasts of Egypt and Syria, I have the means of re maining quiet, and I shall do so without unsheathing :he sword ; but if St Jean d' Acre is attacked or Alex aitdria, or the insurrection of Lebanon is rekindled, im mediately I will give orders for my son to cross the Taurus. They wish to make a Vendee in Syria on the rear of my army. I will make one in Asia Minor. I will proclaim the holy war, and raise the Musaulmans. hey think to frighten me by a coalition of the four ewers. I can dissolve it by marching on Constanti nople. I will raise such a flame that Europe shall have .enough to do to attend to its own affairs, and the Otto man empire will be seed. Whatever happens I shall have done my duty, add I submit to the will of God." (From the Morning Post..) The news from the East assumes an aspect of the ut most gravity. Since the morning we have received a private letter from Alexandria, through the kindness of an eminent firm, having until lately transactions of great magnitude with Egypt. This communication is from one who is supposed to enjoy the unlimited confidence of the Pacha : " As you know, when Rifaat Bey came to communi cate the decision of the Four Powers, Mehemet Ali would not allow him to make the most distant allusion to the purport of his mission. The next day his High ness repeated several times to official personages, in re ference to Rifaat's mission, ' Oh' I did not allow him to open his mouth ! I did not allow him to speak.' Now, the communication with which the mute re presentative of the Sublime Porte was charged, by a to al or rather a diplomatic fiction, is no less, of course, supposed to have been duly intimated, in spite of this contumacy, at the interview of the 16th of August. The delay granted by the contracting Powers for the Pacha to make up his mind is of. twenty-one days ; coercive operations may therefore begin on the 7th of September. " Under these circumstances, you will ask, what is the present disposition of the Pacha ? You may judge of it by this, that he has replied to several official per sonages, and I am certain also to the Consul-General of France, who of course enjoys most of his favour : I will not admit of any advice—your counsels are mere loss of time. Syria was won by the sword, and shall never be wrested from me but by the sword' The first a ttack that is made upon Syria will be the signal to my army to pass the Taurus. Woe to my aggressors l' These are his very words. Stich is the present state of mind of this extraordi nary .oid man. Not only will a fresh insurrection of the Christians of Syria probably complicate affairs, but a re bellion against the liege Lord is also expected amongst the vassals o: the Porte in Asia Minor. There the as Zjecte o f the pAdishill hate the Government nearly as much as the Syrian Christians hate the Pacha. The population boasts larger numbers, and corruption has liven practised by more subtle agents. My private opi nion is, that it is several years too late to give effectu ally that open and unqualified support to the Sultan which all sincere politicians so long and so urgently prayed for when it was still opportune. Now all the genius, vigour, and resources of the Ottomans have vsierged into the arch-rebel, and with him will die. May the peace of Europe survive the shark." (From the Times.) CoNSTANTISorLE, AUGUsT 17.—The French ma nifest-o arrived last nig.lat, and was delivered this day to the Divan, ; it is coached in insolent and violent lan guage. If begins by declaring that it considers the Porte has ofered an insult to the King and French nation by entering into •any convention with other Powers without the consent and concurrence of France —that if the Porte ratifies the convention, France de clares herself itself its enemy—that she will assist the Pacha by all the means in her power, and oppose those who may be inclined to aid the Porte—that she will encourage the provinces of Asia Minor and Anatolia to rise against the Sultan, and that as soon as she receives the answers from Vienna and Berlin to propositions sent to those Powers, she will carry her threats into pstecution. This tone is too high to be acted up to ; bat if admitted,thete is an end to independence amongst other European powers, and no one will be allowed to send a d4spatch - o:' sign a treaty without the permission of France. I write this with the courier starting. I letter from Naples says-4 , The English Govern ment offered to that of the Two Sieilies to have the coasts of Naples guarded by its naval force in ease of war, while Aiietria would defend Italy by land. land requires, suean:ime, permission to occupy Sicily with some troops, engaging to withdraw them as soon as the danger shall be passed.—Gazette de Fiance. A private letter from Constantinople, of the 17th, relates the following characteristic anecdote : " Last week a Turk, who was in the shop of a Frank, in the warmth of an argument on the politics of the day, turned up the sleeve of his habit, and show ing en his arms a figure tattooed in letters of blood, exclaimed—` This is the mark of the 31st Orta of the Jauisseries, and we still number 25,000 men ready to unite at the first signal.' This Turk wore the Fez, as prescribed by the reform, but carried away by his anger, he unbopnd his girdle, arid, having made ie up in the form of a turban, put it en his head, and walked out !haughtily, and braving the anger of the authorities." We are assured that orders for a great quantity of cannon bail.: for the navy, and of grape shot, have, withia these faw .lays, been received from the Minieterl of the Works at Heyange. According to the ,Journals of Athens ' of the 19th of August, some 2 agitation prevails in Greece. Par. ties, especially the Russian party, are busy. Another easier of apirehension arises from the differences which have arisen in consequence of the measures k, ea at Constantinople against the Greeks.—Le Com rata% THE TREATY OF LONDON. Th, f jurnal d o Debuts of Sunday has the fol:o.ciog Miele It is positively sts , ted that the British Ambassador at Paris, Earl Graaville, has received a communication hem Lis Government, explanatory of the Treaty of the 13th of July, whie has been communciated to the French Cabinet. The contents of that communication are, it is said, of a satisfactory nature ; at all events, we do not take upon ourselves to affirm that they are so. However, that spontaneous proceeding on the part of the British Government may modify the nature of the grave question which occupies all the world We know what reserve is imposed on s Government in Matters Of such importance ; at any rate %ve doubt not that the Ministry will hasten to enlighten the pablie as much as ll os4i ble on the true sitlatiou of France with 'toupees to Ourope. The Couot organ, the Presse of Sunday, is 1110,13 IP7 !_ery reivcring this note. It says : We believe we can state in a positive manyr that the . M stry received on Friday the communication which it of the (men:ape:6d from London, and which is the result m. oues at Windsor between King Leopold, N i. r Lo ra Palmerston, and the Duke of Wei, . 1 . 1 . 4 4 1..", fr , rd. P.llrnerston who, it is said, penned that t p he ar :e i r a o tn re, it is but . a rc-Product;9ll of . I !;t. sign l i t t.tg is th d e e L cl o a n re d d on t t h re c a rc t • y in , r,,k'alvers had neer' :rtil*, the Ali 'lt were est intention of offending France ; :.tißs-ifforts tbagt'made ar to engage France at t alled to mind ; t'7 enter into_amtual combination the conclusion it L 's affirmed that no surprise prevailede o f (he treaty, and that by signing it the Cabinets have ,txpressed their deep regret at France remain- ing aloof. In short, it is intimated that if France, putting aside a certain susceptibility without any mo tive, and understanding better the intentions of the Powers whose signatures are appended thereto, will rally round the standard of peace which they have raised, the latter will eagerly seize the opportun'ty of evincing all the esteem which they attach to the main tenance of the amicable relations which they had up to the present time kept up with her." ( From the Prussian Slate Gazelle, of the Ist.) " F RA NKFORT-ON-THE-MAINE, A! G. 28.—The con ferences which are at present taking place in Bohemia give rise to much discussion in the public prints, and it is maintained, and reasonably too, that it is especially the treaty of the 15th July which occupies the diploma tists who are assembled in the vicinity of the Prince de Metternich's residence. Perhaps it is going too far to style those interviews confer ences. They are not conferences ordered by the great Powers. Those interviews have, above all, for object to chalk out the mode of an arrangement of the four Powers with France. It cannot, however, be ad mitted that the treaty of the 15th of July will undergo any change, and the proceedings adopted since at Con stantinople and Alexandria proved that the ratification was ensured ; but with respect to the execution, in certain respects, some regard might be paid to France. However, not only from Bohemia, but also from Paris, assurances have been received that the general peace will not and cannot be disturbed. The interest of France requires, more than that of any other Power, that the sword be not drawn, for in this affair France would have all Europe against her." (From the Cologne Gazette.) VIENNA, AUG. N.—The most satisfactory news is still received from Bohemia. It appears that an under standing has been effected on the subject of the execu tion of the treaty of the 15th of July between Prince de Metternich and the representatives of Great Britain, Russia, and Prussia on the one hand, and with the French Ambassador on the other. According to the new arrangement France will be but a simple spectator. It appears that M. Guizot has only been authorised to propose to the conference of London to leave the Eastern question in slatu quo, and to trust to France to make the Viceroy consent to an arrangement as accept able as possible for him ; and, in case of a refusal, France would not hesitate to accede to the coercive measures. It is probable that that proposal will be re fused. According to the latest advice' Prince de Metternich is to leave Kcenigswarth on the 31st of this month, and, after passing a few days at Plass, he will return to the capital. SYRIA. Extract of a letter, dated Beyrout, July 9.0,1840 : It is now two months since the people of the Lebano❑ began to rise, and many were the occurrences that took place in the short period of 60 days that has elapsed. I lament, as a Frenchman, the less of our political and religious influence over the revolted Maronites (who im plored, in vain, our assistance), and their oppressors, and it grieves me the more as, by not acquiescing in their demand, we have suffered a favourable opportunity to escape for terminating the apparently interminable eastern question. The grievances of the mountaineers were well founded. Christians, Druses, and Mutualis simultaneously rose, and bound themselves by a pledge of union. The insurrection at first was not extensive, being confined to a few peasants of the districts of Seyde, Bey rout, and Tripoli. Soon afterwards 12,000 or 15,000 mountaineers sallied forth and laid regular seige to those three cities, whose garrisons did not amount to more than 600 men each. Unfortunately for the revolters, their great Prince, an avaricious and wily old man, could not be prevailed upon either to declare in their favour, or openly to join the Viceroy, to whom he addressed underhand repeated assurances of submission. The Egyptian Government adopted energetic measures, and displayed admirable activity in collecting on the menaced points a consider able force. In less than a month it had assembled at Beyrout between 15,000 and 16,000 men, and a fleet consisting of 1 ship of the line, 14 frigates, and 8 other lesser vessels. During those preparations, which how ever formidable, would never have insured the least success to the generals of the Viceroy, the agents of the latter were labouring to divide the inhabitants of the mountains, to shake the resolution of the Grand Prince, and buy over the influential sheiks. In the course of a short time the Druses recollected that two years previously those same Christians, who now revolted and sought their co-operation, had waged against them a deadly war, in the Haouran, in conjunc tion with the Egyptian troops. The Mutualis had similar and more recent reproaches to address to the Christians ; and the inhabitants of Naplooz, those ter rible antagonists of Mehemet Ali in 1834, were also re minded that they had, like the Druses, a revenge to take on the Maronites of Lebanon. The principle chiefs of the _ _ Druses suddenly abandoned the ranks of the Insurgents ; the Mutualis, whose numbers were few, also submitted ; but the inhabitants of Naplooz joined the troops of Soliman Pacha and Abbas Pacha. The unhappy Christians, seeing themselves abandoned and betrayed in their turn, as they had themselves previously aban doned and betrayed their vindictive brethren, imme diately broke up and dispersed, and when the army ad vanced into the mountains some days ago, it encountered only a few feeble obstacles, which did not prevent it, and does not prevent it even at this moment, from burning and destroying whole villages, together with the convents placed under the protection rf France, which it meets on its passage. Soliman Pacha (Col. Selves) is the author of all the massacres which have occurred ; the renegade has not failed to include the profanation of those abodes of Christian religion among his duties as a pious Nlussulman. Nevertheless, the insurrection is not yet altogether appeased. We have been told, that whilst Soliman Pacha was ravaging the districts of Deir el Kamar and But-Eddin, in conjunction with Osman Pacha, who has advanced from the valley of Bkaa, Tripoli was again menaced by 6,000 mountaineers, under the orders of Emir Khandjar and Feres. The French corvette of war La Brillante, which had been detached on a cruise along the coast, has returned with intelli gence that the garrison of Tripoli. having attempted a sortie, had been repulsed, and re-entered the place in disorder. after leaving a number of slain on the field. The English have encouraged the revolt, ever since its explosion. They lately landed ammunition on the coast, and excited the hopes of the mountaineers by promises of efficacious support. They have here, at this moment, two ships of the line, a frigate, a corvette, and two steamers, under the orders of Captain Napier, who appears anxious for a " brush." They will cer tainly avail themselves of the first opportunity to strike a blow, and then it may be that the artillery ot the Powerful will set fire to that momentous Eastern ques tion, which, in my opinion, can never be completely ad justed without the interference of the ultima ratio regain, or populorain. INSURRECTIONARY MOVE MENTS IN PORTUGAL. CORTES.-CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES AUGUST 25. The Minister of War rose and said—When I had, a few days ago the honour of announcing to the Chem her the honourable conduct of the garrison on a late lamentable occasion, which so greatly distressed all good Portuguese, I did not expect that within a few days I should have to make a communication very dis honourable, not to the army, but to the corps which has d;sgraced itself by acting in a contrary manner. The Government has this day been informed by the telegraph that the 6th battalion of infantry, 206 or 207 men strong, has committed the horrible offence of revolting against the Government. Ilis Excellency then read the whole of the telegra phic despatches. We give the following "THIRD TELEGRAPHIC BULLETIN FROM THE CASTLE, Auo. 28, 1840. " TO THE WAIL MINISTER AND THE COMMANDER OF TIIE FIRST mtuw,kaY " Yesterday morning the 6th battalion rtvnited in Caztello-Braneo, giving vivas for the Queen, the Con stitution a 1908, and the downfal of the Ministry. The men of the Cavalry 4R d th e Safet y Gu a r d d id not interfere." " FOURTH BULLETIN E. FROM Tug CASTL Half-past 6 in the evening. " (Continuation of the above.) " The Cavalry and Safety Guard di4 pOt concur. The authorities and the General fly. The mutineers have hopes in the 9th and 13th, and have marched oo Abrantes. The Governor here asks orders from the Government, as be has only 50 men disposable. " CONSTANTINE JOSE ALVES. " Dated the 28th current." VAR-OFFICE--FIRST DEPARTMENT. SEVENTH MILITARY DIVISION. Most Illustrious and Excellent Senbor,--I hasten to transmit t o y our E xce ll ency t h e annexed. orig,iaal despatche s an d d ocuments which I have j ust rece i ve d from the Administrator-General of the district of Por talegre, and from the Military Governor of Marvao, by which it will be seen that Lieutenant-Colonel Miguel Augusto da Sousa, commanding the 6th infantry, de, aided, on the night of the 26th current, in concert with the oth and 14th infantry to raise the cry of " Viva a Riinha a Senhora bonna liarig 11." " the Constitu tion of 1835," and " Down with tn. - , ,Wri; : t;tcrs." making proclamation to the troops in the spirit whie'h your Excellency will see. I proceeded to take such precautions as were within my reach to stop and mu t tbe troops in th e di str i ct of the division under charge from adopting a s i m il ar course, o f which [pry was not until this ylome i nt certain ; and mean with L•le i ... 1.11-" ne that your Excellency, esti /44 4, i the im portance of the ac , , a will cause proper an d energe l ie 11,, . I inform your E xce ' measures to be taken. Fina„ , a. -- --General o f lency that I have directed the Govern , Portalegre to order on Niza and Villa Velha the force disposable for the public security, to observe the move- meats of the rebels in this military district, and to THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1810. pr vent their passage across the Tagus by withdraw ing the boats. I inform your Excellency that the force of public safety must march upon Villa Vellah and Montalvao. Heaven preserve your Excellency. " Head-quarters at Estremes, August 29, 1840." FIELD-MARSHAL D. B SALAZAR MOSCOZO, COM- HANDING THE 7TH MILITARY DIVISION, TO THE COUNT DE BOMFIN. MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF THE FOR TRESS OF MARVAO. " Illustrious Senhor,—l forward to your Excellency the enclosed copy of a letter and proclamation sent to me by the commandant of the 6th battalion of in fantry, in order that ye.o may submit them to his Ex cellency the Commandant of the 7th Military Division, whom you will infv,rm that the fortress under my com mand continues in a state of perfect tranquillity ; for I have adopted such precautions as I considered neces sary for the maintenance of the public peace, for which object alone I will execute the orders addressed to me by the above-named excellent Senhor. Heaven pre serve your Excellency. " Fortress of Marvao, Aug. 23, I I a.m." LIEUTENANT-COLONEL JOSE JUSTINO TEIXEIRA, MI LITARY GOVERNOR OF MARVAO, TO THE EXCEL LENT SENHOR C. C.BARATA. " Illustrious Senhor—Weary of enduring the tyran nical measures adopted by the unprincipled men who have assumed the control of our destiny, I have this night resolved, in conjunction with the infantry No. 9 and No. 13, to raise the cry of Viva a Rainha a Senhara Donna Maria II," The Constitution of 1838? and Down with the Ministry.' It is necessary that this movement should be general, and therefore I hope that your Excellency will exert all your endeavours to effect that object. I have likewise addressed a letter to the commandant of the detachment. I entertain no doubt that your Excellency will spare no exertions, for I well know your patriotism and your character. At the same time I pray you to place yourself in communication with me, so that we may operate the more effectively. " Heaven preserve your Excellency. " MIGUEL AUGUSTO DA SOUSA, " Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant. " Castello Branco, Aug. 26, 1840. " Senhor Jose Justino de Carvalho, Governor of the Fortress of Marvao." " Portuguese soldiers and citizens ! Viva a Rainha a Serikora Donna Maria 11.,' the Constitution of 1835," and Down with the Ministry.'—These are the cries which it is our duty to raise, and to which no true Portuguese ought to prove himself indifferent. " Portuguese soldiers and citizens! The Ministry is composed of despots—of men whose caprice is their only law—of men who have betrayed, and who con tinue to betray, the confidence which her Majesty the Queen has reposed in them—of men, in fine, who have sold themselves to foreigners, as has been demon strated by our embassies to England. These men have held us in a state of degradation, and, by their arbitrary and infamous acts, have reduced us to our present wretched condition—to misery and misfortune. They are unworthy to direct the destinies of the nation. It is for you, therefore, Portuguese soldiers and citi zens, to whom the country owes so many sacri fices in the cause of liberty—it is for you to arm and discipline yourselves, and unite together to avenge the outrages which have been perpetrated upon us, and upon the Constitution to which we have sworn fidelity, which we honour, and which it is our duty:to defend. Portuguese soldiers and citizens ! let us imitate our Spanish neighbours. They have driven away their traitorous Ministers, and substituted in their stead men of honour and character. With union and courage victory is certain. Viva a Rainha Donna Maria 11. Live the Constitution of 1838, and down with the Ministry ! " MIGUEL AUGUSTO DA SOUSA, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commandant, " JOSE JUSTINO TEIXEIRA, Lieutenant- Colonel, Military Governor of Marvao. " Fortress of Marvao, Aug. 28, 1840, 11 A.M." [The project of law passed by the Cortes, and the measures taken to put down the insurrection, were given in The Sun of yesterday.] Judge—Did you not express fears that Lafarge was ill ?—Ves, he was subject to head-ache. Judge—Did you not express fears that you should receive a letter from Paris sealed with black ?—No. Judge—Nor run to meet the :postman with eager ness ?—This was possible. I was anxious for a letter. Judge—lnstead of the small cake made by your one large cake war; sent to Laffarge, who was taken ill after e. ling it ?—I sent the small cakes. She was then asked to explain how she came to write twice, and so very politely, to the apothecary for arsenic ?—She said it was simply to kill rats. What was the white powder that Mdlle. Brun had seen her put i❑ Llffarge's drudt ?—SII(, said it was gum powdered. The Judge asked how, on th 9 very day that her hus band returned ill, she could think of writin g for poison to kill rats ? The Judge observed she had sent for arsenic a second time, and recommended the servant not to speak of the object of the mess/ tge. The rest of the Judge's interrogatory follows close,'y the series of facts announced in the requisition. The trial was then adjourned to the next day. The journals publish also three or four incoherent notes written by Madame Laffarg e to young Guyet, bar former lover, who has lately committed suicide. The purport of these is to beg of him not to compro mise her, but to save her by his silel ice. THE BEST ADVERTISING ➢TEDIUM IN SOUTH WALES. THE "WELSHMAN," Which has been established nine years, and is published la CARMARTHEN every FRIDAY EVENING, has THE LARGEST CIRCULATION, and is the ONLY LIBERAL PAPER published in the three Counties of Carmarthen, Pem. broke, and Cardigan. It has also the Second Circulation in SWANSEA, and is generally taken in Glamorganshire, and read throughout South Wales. The WELSHMAN has recently been enlarged, and is now THE LARGEST PAPER IN THE PRINCIPALITY. Subscribers and, advertisements received by most of the prim cipal News Agents in London and the country. TO BE. HAD AT ALL THE LIBRARIES. THE NEW NOVELS , Just published by Mr. COLBURN. OLIVER CROMWELL. An Historical Romance. Edited by HORACE SMITH, Esq., Author of " Brambletye House," &c. 3 vols. The BANKER LORD.• A Novel. 3 vols. 111. SANDRON HALL ; or, the DAYS of QUEEN ANNE. By the Hon. GRANTLEY BERKELEY, M.P. 3 vols. EMILY ; or, the COUNTESS of ROSEND ALE. By Mrs. MABERLY. 3 vols., with a Portrait of Emily. ERNESTINE ; or, the CHILD of MYSTERY. By a LADY of FASHION. 3 vols. PRECEPTS AND PRACTICE. By THEODORE HOOK, Esq. 3 vols., with Portrait of the Author, and Il lustrations by Phiz. JACK ASHORE. By the Author of " Rattlin the Reefer," &c. 3 vols., with Portrait of the Author. VIII. The WIDOW MARRIED, a SEQUEL to " WIDOW BARNABY." By Mrs. TROLI.OPE. 3 vols., with 21 humorous Illustrations, by R.W. Buss, R.A. WOMAN'S LOVE, and the WORLD'S FAVOUR; or, rie FERGUSONS. By the Hon. E. PHIPPS. 2 vols.; X. LADY JANE GREY. By the Author of " Royston Gower," " Fair Rosamond," &c. 3 •ols. ALSO, JUST READY, XL The CASHMERE SHAWL. By Captain WHITE, Au thor of " The King's Page," " Ain:tack's Revisited," &c, 3 ♦ols. • XII. The HISTORY of a FLIRT. Narrates by HERSELF. 3 vols. - Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. TRIAL OF MADAME LAFFARGE This much-expected trial, which has been prefaced in the papers by the publication of former interroga tories, reproducing merely the facts of the acte d'accu tation, really commenced on the 3d at Tulle. The accused, to avoid her transport from the prison to the court-house each day, was removed to an apartment near the court. The crowd was immense. The rela tions of the accused were present, being M. Garat, and the aunt and sister of Madame Laffarge. The placing o❑ the tables the bowls and phials containing the diffe rent liquids analysed produced a painful sensation. Madame Laffarge was clothed in deep mourning, and seemed pale and worn, but without emotion. She de clare) herself to be twenty-four years of age, born in Paris. M. Decoux, the Advocate-General began by plead ing his inability to state a case so full of tragic emotion and fearful crimes. He then drew a picture of Laf farge and his family. He had been well educated, was an owner of iron works, and devoted his whole atten tion to them. In 1839 Laffarge lost his first wife, and he sought a second, with whom he might get money, to enable him to carry on his speculations. His friends not being able to find him a wife, he applied to M. Foy, the marriage•broker, who introduced him to Marie Cap pelle, who hrd about 1,6001. fortune, with abaut 40/. a year. They were married ; she was brought to the country, and no sooner arrived there than she shut her self up in her room, and wrote to her husband as fol lows : " Charles—l crave pardon of you on my knees. I have deceived you. I do not love you. I love another. I esteem you. But let me die. I love another, also called Charles, handsome, noble. We have long loved. Last year another woman deprived me of his heart. I thought I should have died. For despite, I resolved to marry, and, igaorant of the mys teries of marriage, accepted your hand. I thought a kiss on my forehead would have contented you, and that you would have been to me as a father. Comprehend, then, what I have buffered these three days. I respect you, but habits and character have put an abyss between us. Instead of the sweet words of love, trivial kindness, bursts of affection, nothing but those sensual feelings which actuate you, disgust me ! Him that I love I saw at Orleans since our mar riage. He has repented. He hid himself at Uzerche. I shall be an adultress despite of me. Let me depart. Get nue horses, disguise, I will hasten off to Smyrna. I will live by my hands, or by giving lessons, Oh ! throw my cloak on one of yon precipices, and give me arsenic, I cannot give you my affection, but you may take my life. Your caresses ere odious to me. I have swal lowed poison, but too little ; tried to shoot myself, but was afraid. Savo me from myself," &c. Laffarge returned no answer to the letter from his newly-married wife. He consulted one of his friends, and it was agreed not to let her go, but to try to re claim her with kindness, and win her affection. Madame Laffarge, retained by her husband, effected to be tnuched by his efforts, and consented to grant him her affectionate caress as a wife. But with this, said the Advocate-General, sho evidently meditated getting rid of him Ly a crime. She became ill, or feigned ill ness, and wrote a will in favour of her husband. He could do no less than-imitate her example. Soon altar Laffarge discovered what he thought a useful secret, . _ and went to Paris to get 4 patent for it, It was in December when he went, Madame Laffarge announced her desire of sending him her portrait. More he prepared to send him c ikes. She asked his mother to make some ; but the one she sent him was of another kind, and Laffarge, as soon as be ate of it, was taken with violent vomitings. Meantime Ma dame Laffarge made inquiries about mourning. Laf farge returned ill to Cilandier on the stli of January. Soon after his return his wife gave him a trufflA fowl to eat. From this he became worse, and died in nine days after, on the 14th, in great agonies. It could be proved that Madame Laffarge was in posses§ion of large quantities of arsenic, got under pre tence of J roofs would be brought that she had put a white powder into au Laffarge drinks. Mdlle. Brun saw her put it into different drinks—into whey, for example. It was examine 1, and supposed to be Mdlle. Brun questioned Madame Laffarge as to the wfiite pOvvdcr.' Fl) a`•ra pq at this, tihe filled the vase where the white particles appeared' with water, and swallowed it. She had violent cholics in the night, • They sent the drink to an apothecary at Uzerche to be qamined. Ills reply was, that Laffarge should take care from whom ha "reeeived qvinli or nourish, ment. The physician Lespines suspected that poison had been administered. He gave peroxide of iron to onl i A t l i f hut it was too late. Laffarge had expired. The counsel r l f ! , ,ladame Laifrage then objected to Madame Leotand's beiiig aamitics f s w4llO / , ire having shown her rancour to Madame Laffarge in the affair of the robbery of the diaraoads, but the Court overruled the objection. Madame Latfakge the; e7arnined by the Judge She was married, she said; not I& the intermediary oi M. Foy, matrimonial agent, but through that of M. and Madame Garat. She denied that she had attempted to poison or fiboot herself, as was said in her letter written to her huahan.;. :rho vas ul4erabie . 48;fiii 1 1:Irqii6tr 41 the old gloomy country-house of her hniband, and mad dened by having seen her former lover at Orleans. At Uzerche, at a fete, there was a quarrel 15.1tv4,31 . ; her and lid `;4 .1 sand, whom she excluded from her room. Laffargo said no fallow her to the deserts of Egypt if she quitted him. Lattarga 4iiil;!:lPc4 her by his threats. The Judge then questioned her about the wills, and about the cause of Laffarge's going to Paris. When questioned as to why she sent the cakes to tier hohand, she replied it was to respond to his love, a nd to make him 114PpY? Judge—Did you not ask Madame Laffarge, your mother-in-law, to make the cakes, and write a letter about tliern ?..c •I asked her to make the cakes ; but I asked her for no letter. OFFICIAL NOTICE. TH E OD D FELL O W of SATURDAY, 12th of September, will contain Colonel Thompson's Letter of the 23d August on the Sabbath Question, from the Leeds Times, with Extracts from Paul and the Confession of Augsburgh, showing that both Paul and the early Confessors of Protestantism enumerated the keeping of a Seventh Day among the Jewish rites which Christians are commanded to " Touch not. taste not, handle not." The extracts and translations will be given complete, and with the greatest attention to accuracy ; the object being to present, at a small price, an important document which may be laid by for reference. The publication comprises 20 columns of interesting matter, with a Comic Caricature by an eminent Artist. Price One Penny. Published by H. Hetherington, 126, Strand; and to be had of all Booksellers and Newsmen in town and country. WS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of WS AUSTRIA having AUTHORISED and GUA RANTEED several DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, which (though they are NO LOTTERIES) offer many possibilities of obtaining LARGE FORTUNES. HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, Are now SELLING BONDS for the said DISTRIBUTIONS. Persons desirous to purchase for the next Distribution, may re ceive, PREVIOUS to giving any order, the PROS'EC'tUS and PARTICULARS, upon addressing WITHOUT DE LAY, a line to HEINE, BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH. THE NEXT DISTRIBUTION, managed and guaranteed by the Austrian Government, contains TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED DIVIDENDS, ♦mounting to £954,882, The Dividends being £15,000 £6OO £7O 0 £37 10 7,500 300 50 0 37 0 3,200 200 42 • !36 0 1,800 150 40 10 35 0 1,200 39 0 HEINE, BROTHERS, having remitted, during a short time, IR,OOO/., 9,000/.. 5.0001., 3,6001., &c. &c. &c., to Lon don; 3,600/., 8001., 7001., to Edinburgh; 3,6001. to Dublin ; 3,6001. to Beverley; 3,6001. to Halifax ( Yorkshire) ; 1,2001. to Portleaven Harbour; 9001., 6001., to Liverpool ; 9001. to Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; 900/. to Hull ; 9001., 6001., to Man chester ; 6001. to Bideford; 600/. to Cork ; 6001. to Bradford ; 'hey shall feel glad to remit many Dividends of the said Dis tribution to England, Ireland, and Scotland. The Bonds (which are no Lottery Tickets) can be easbed at every Banker's connected with Germany in every mercantile place in the world. P.S. All those honoring Heine Brothers with their kind orders (or application, even if not purchasing) may rest as sured that their wishes will be faithfully attended to. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN. UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS. _ , . THIS EVRNING, SEPT. 8, 1 4 1 V 41. be iderierrned the New Original Irlay,An'Tlire 'A'eta; ' ...." ' by James Sheridan Knowles, called 44." LOVE. Duke of Carinthia, Mr. Cooper; Sir Rupert of Lorch, Mr. J. Vining ; Huon, Mr. Anderson ; the Countess of Eppen stein, Miss Ellen Tree ; Katherine, Madame Vestris. To conclude with an Original Comic, Romantic, Operatic, Melodramatic, Fairy Extravaganza, in Three Parts, entitled rnd founded on that popular Nursery Tale, THE SLEEPING BEAUTY IN THE WOOD. The Principal Characters by Mr. Harley, Mr. J. Vining, Mr. J. Bland, Madame Vestris, Miss Rainforth, Mrs. C. :ones, &c. &c. . . On' Wednesday, The School for Scandal, with the Sleeping Beauty. On Thursday, Twelfth Night, with the Sleeping Beauty. Dress Boxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 3s. 6d. ; First and Second Circles, ss. ; Second Price, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, 3s. ; Second Price, 9s. ; Gallery, Is. Doors to be opened at half-past Six—the performances to commence at Seven o'Clock. Tickets and places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Grogan, at the Box-office, from Ten till Feur, where Season Tickets may be had upon application. Private Boxes to be had solely of Mr. Andrews, bookseller, 167, New Bond-street. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Overpowering Novelty. Another New Damesic Drama, and Eighth Week of Haines' "Jane of the Hatchet." Upwards of 90,000 persons have already witnessed the grand Tableaux d'action and military evolutions of the hundred Female War riors. THIS EVENING. SEPT. 8. Will be acted an entirely New Drama, entitled THE PEASANT JUDGE. _ Principal CharactersVy . " - ile;;;;.Sa;ille:iiugh.s, Neville and Heslop, Mr.. Vining, Mrs. Daly, Miss Grant, &c. After which the Grand Historical Spectacle, of unequalled splendour, entitled JANE OF THE HATCHET. Supported by the entire strength of the Company, and One Hundred Female Warriors. To conclude with (first time these four years) the Nautical Drama of THE RED ROVER. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. EVERY MONDAY, TUESDAY, and THURSDAY. GRAND PROMENADES MUSICALES ET CHAMPETRES, By Godfrey's unrivalled Band. Programme of the Concert for Sept. 7,8, and 10. Overtures—Zampa, Grand Overture and Marche Triomphele composed for the Musical Festival at Cologne, in 1832, by Ferdinand Ries. Quadrilles—Les Chaperon Blanca (first time). Le Neva. New Grand March, F.hrenbreitsteiner. Waltzes—. Hecla (composed expressly), and Feenwelt. Pitt Pourri of popular Ro.sian Airs (first performance in this country). Duetto—Dove vai. Melange des Danses from "Le Corsaire." Grand Finale to Fidelio. And BEETHOVEN'S GRAND BATTLE SINFONIA, By the augmented Band, with instruments of novel construc tion, aed 340 rounds of artillery and musketry, giving the most vivid realization of the events of the Battle of Vittoria. Ile vast Panorama al Fresco of Iceland and its Volcanoes, by Danson—Breaking up of the lee—Melting of the Snows— Release and Departure of the Discovery Ship. Carter's astonishing " Koniaphostic," or " Lime Light. Eruption of Mount Heels, with increased magnificence. ADMISSION ONE SHILLING. Feeding Hour of the Carnivore, Five o'Clock. Concert at Half-past Five. Eruption at Half-past Eight. The Last and most splendid Flower Show of the Season The Grand Autumnal Fete des Fleurs, and Dahlia' Show e. the Royal South London Floricultural Society, will be held on Tuesday, - *Sept ember 13. Particulars of the various attrac- Altura Will he shortly announced. OMB. WATER AT LONDON BRIIIO.III TO-MORROW. nr. , inv '3 minutes alter O. Evcsisissis '9 minutes alter 0 the Publication of the, Evening Edition of This SUN cora mepeod at 10 minutes after Three. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. (From a Pamphlet with that title.) The description of the gentlern,m appointed to these offices are Retired Officers of the Army and Navy, Clergymen, the Esquires or Landed Proprietors, or other gentlemen of the county, who by their property and influence scrape favour with the Lord Lieutenant, and retired Shopkeepers and Merchants. As to the first, viz., " Men of War," their heraldry " chiefly founded upon ferocious merit or military ex ercise," stamps them at once as debonair gentlemen in a peculiar manner, according to the aristocratical opinion usually predominant among the upper classes, and de rived from our barbarous but warlike ancestors, But such men of war decidedly are not the gentlemen fitted for offices of " justice," if their qualifications be ex amined. Nurtured and tutored under a military and de spstic government, their minds are constantly inured to one undeviating tendency, viz., an uncontrollable idea that every offence must be met with the strictest se verity. Subordination being so necessary a provision in the articles of,war, the conception is nourished in their minds that the infliction of the severest penalties for offences committed must he adopted, as alone sufficient to produce obedience. Now this is not the feature per vading the criminal law at home. Its motto is " Tem per justice with mercy :" their's is " Punishment should be extreme." Again, they are virtually commanded to infringe both the moral and political law by duelling, unaccountably termed the law of " honour." Still worse, the cruel barbaric flogging system, besides the scenes of bloodshed which in their duties they are com pelled to witness, and from such rank showers of blood, are taught to build " the rainbow glory, and to shudder ing conscience cry, Behold the bridge to Heaven ;" surely such must blunt, in a manner, the better feelings of humanity. 'This education usually lasts till past their se cond score of years, before they mount the Bench of Jus tice. It is submitted, then, that it is morally impossible that these wen, who as a general rule are too often mere tools of slaughter, can be proper persons to ad minister vengeance for our insulted laws. True, some dramatic author makes the Devil say, " The camp's the school for civic right," but it is a fiendish remark, and the bitterest piece of sarcastic irony that well could be suggested. The writer wishes not to decry the " men of war :" far otherwise. He laments their necessity, but can imagine what must glow in a sol dier's heart fighting for his country and his home. How often have the sharp thrilling notes of the fife, the bugle's lengthened blast, and the hollow sounding drum stirred up his young blood and kindled emotions of visionary glory, " mingled with a mixture of melan choly and respect for that courage," and pity for that thoughtless inclination for war which the profession of arms so naturally enkindles in the untutored heart, in short, rousing a crowd of sensations within "with which sober rationality has nothing to do." The clergymen come next ; their calling is a self evident objection, and for a clergyman, (professing himself an ambassador of Christ, who himself declared while on earth, I judge no man,) to act as a Justice of the Peace, appears degrading to himself—an insult to justice—a stain upon Christianity —a contempt of the " Establishment"—a derogation of the oath of his spiritual calling—in fact, such a man is a paradox. Now the esquires and gentlemen of no particular calling, whose worldly trading may extend to a load of hay—a stack of corn—a fat ox, or some such commo dity. These are so often bred up to be lazy, that their natural character usually attends them to the bench ; ' so that few regularly sit ; perhaps that is the reason of there being such a host of J. P.'s. It is admitted, ta lent, ability, integrity, and humanity, (certainly good qualities in a Justice of the Peace,) happily often pre dominate among them ; but then there is usually such a degree of high bearing in their manner which they cannot discard from the bench—then, as to the laws, they know little or nothing. Let us now take the retired shopkeepers or mer chants, who, (according to the motto " once a gentleman always a gentleman," which the aristocrats are so fond of acting on,) can never be gentlemen ; as, if their motto be true, it must carry a retrospective idea, and that a person once a tradesmen, who decidedly, in the eyes of an aristocrat, was not then a gentleman, a fortiori can never be a gentleman, because " once a gentleman al ways a gentleman." Now that this is the logical reason of the said aristocrats can be avouched by their con duct, as shall afterwards be hinted at, and the difference in the degree of respect with which such men are usu ally received ; but it is not the business of the writer to inquire " why the knowledge, the skill, the expertness, and the spirited hazard of trade and commerce when crowned with success, should not be entitled to give those flattering distinctions by which mankind are so universally captivated," but to show that tradesmen (retired or not) are not usually fitted for the Bench of Justice. First, they have generally limited educations, contracted ideas, and consequently unlearned heads, hardly passing the bounds of their own affairs ; of mane of whom, it is, alas ! too true, especially those attaining affluence and notoriety, that their shop is their sanc tuary, their desk their altar, their ledger their Bible, and their mosey their God ; and as to studying law or i any other abstruse science, they would just as soon ' think of throwing their money into the streets—it would in their estimation be as casting pearls to swine—be yond the law of accounts they seldom do or can go. Such men being placed on the Bench of Justice are un fitted in every respect (as a general rule) to combat with the intricate mazes and uncerta:nties of the laws ; this the " aristocrats" who sit with them avowedly admit. To sum up this part of our subject, it only needs to point to the age at which most Justices are appointed to commence in their novel employ. They enter it with preconceived and unfounded opinions, biassed sen timents, prejudiced ideas, impaired faculties, wasted in tellectual powers, morbid sensibilities, and in most in stances possessing not the slightest knowleege of law, and with these they boldly but ignorantly imagine, they can surmount the labours of an Administrator of the Laws, attempting to learn as they proceed, and so it goes—" always learning, always forgetting ;" for it is contrary to known principles, that a man can acquire proficiency iu any science, the study of which he has scarce dreamt of till two or three score years have passed over his head ; there may be exceptions to all that has been advanced, but exceptions prove the rule. Again, political influence or ignoble distinctions, being the golden baits, always exercise themselves prejudicially against the public good. This part of our subject may be concluded by the observation, that if the general rule in all professions and callings, "that none can be competent who are not trained to them" be true, why should not such a prin ciple be applied to our Justices of the Peace, anti it be come a gen era l ru l e w i th them " t h at no man oug h t to be permi t t e d to i nterpret and adm i n i ster our l aws unless he had pre v i ous l y studied and he ~, , G r ne learned in them ;" that sucks q rale has Leen hitherto ignorantly neglected Is palpably glaring. W Good-Service --- ----- cthoemml Gould,aet late e. A cf d r.o m ßm i . r a;tlhceaSpli Islas-1 i n S osf i _d jnulely7h homes e are much gratified in announcing that the 9 i:Lh S ' e A ar d l T e mh ( ier i a B l O p following distinguished Officers have I,te;ul wle':;ted for the sinecure of f ice 0 Lieutenant-General of Marines, held by l'en,lc,n, con4eilueUt on the abolition of the pensions o p . n i t i d o ; Richard Arthur 0810), c . ti,, Charles John Austen (181(1), and Jeremiah t'oghlan (1810), C.B. Major_ Generals of Marines—George Elliot Vinicombc, and Sir John Boscawen Savage, K. C. 8. , K. C. H. The Marine pensions are in addition to those already bestoweil upcai officers of that gallant corps. --No,' ,-t d .11-44ary Oa. . ' :i'E f tc. - The duty on the f importation of foreign wheat has fallen to 2s. B.j. Mandeville, who wrote to prove that private vices are public benefits, should hove liyed to gee how the rogues in gain, lookiilu t ..., 14A0 . ir 90,74 interests `' nl o. luCi i c icOliV9titg tltern . b.y tile g rossest frauds, promote the-general interesls of the community. It would have enabled him to make a capital addition to the Fable of the Bees. Here, as in smuggling, t h e Great Knave corrcgt, the Great Fool. —M iT. , ~, anc !ester tnti-_ : On i 4i- ' 4 , 4 ) 1 itisti Fhb, iteatl quartets of the second bat6lion cif the Rifle Brigade al rived in this town Pe! packet from Bristol,' under the command of Major , frton, in the absence of ,Colonel Browne, who is ma lea'e, ' The force of the aides here at pzc-iet?, is, three-arid-a,half 1 companies, amounting to 4.pA men. There are besides, two companies at Brecon, under the command of Major 1 -1444 i c.'l; -, ii.:ttipany at Pontypool, under Captain Law- ' rence i ono at Merthyr, under Captain Eaton ; one at Swansea, under Captain Glegg; one company at New.on and half a company at Montgoinery.—Merlin. A LONG TRA IN .—On Sunday ::corning no fewer than sixty-two carriages, drawn bX fjur engines, Jett' the 1 . ... ! 'ep4a station lot I . i - eit ' cl 4. •I'he nure'lier of' apas sengers mounted 'to 3,200. ')his exceids the famous train that loft Nottingham for bheffi-eld a ew dais h, ,- .40.r0, which consisted of fitty-seven carriages, four engines, and 3,000 Passengers. I 4 r: .„ • i . : ; g 0.,, ,, , ,„qp, , , '• - i-4,;1, ' ,4 *„ . 0,- .. •t5 41 ..' '••• C/4)t -g3ll-1+ LONDON: TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8."1840. In resuming the subject of the New Zealand Committee, ..Ve must necessarily confine ourselves t o the main principles at issue. To speak first of the " able report," as Lord EL/OT's rejected draft has been called, and of the extraordinary evidence on which it was, founded, we must state that the whole of the evidence is comprised in 133 pages, and that 73 of them are occupied by the evidence of Mr. ED- I WARD GIBBON WkKEFIELD. Our yesterday's article showed clearly that the Committee was really his Committee, and that its deliberations were guided by him through the Chairman ; and a s we are assured by the Spectator that the report is founded on the evidence, it is clear that the draft of the report is altogether ?4r. WAKEFIELD'S. So explained, we, apprehend it will have no more weight with the public than one of Mr. WAKEFtELD's pamphlets ; but the House of Commons may look with suspicion on such a perversion of the use of its Committees. It is true the majority did not allow Lord ELIOT, Mr. F. BALLING, MT. HAWES, Mr. HOPE, and Mr. GLADSTONE, to make a cat's paw of them for_Mr. WAKEFIELD, but only the good sense of the ma- jority prevented his success. To see a single indi vidual, or a little knot of individuals, manceuvering to get a Committee appointed for one thing, and make-it pursue another—to trace them moving the Chairman like a puppet, till at length the crotchets or the schemes of an individual come forth bearing ,he sanction and recommendation of the delibera.- tive authority of a Committee of the House of Commons, amuses us by the cunning exhibited, but degrades the authority of Committees. The reader will not be surprised to learn that Lord ELIoT's draft report, founded on Mr. WAKEFIELD'S evidence, laid clown, as the basis of future legislation, certain opinions of the Judges of the United States, which have been quoted in Mr. WAKEFIELD'S writings; though rational men would have expected from a conscientious Commit tee, as these opinions refer to the occupation of new countries, that some man or men eminent as jurisconsults in our, own. country should have...been consulted by the Committee, before attempting to come to any conclusion. The Chairman was con- ,ented with the light thrown on it by Mr. WAKE FIELD. With no better evidence the Chairman con cluded, " That irreparable evils would ensue unless Me Crown became Me sole proprietor of the whole of New Zealand ;"a very pleasant conclusion, seeing that the Croton in this sense means the House of Corn mons, which Lord ELIOT, one of its Members, thinks should have the disposal of the whole of New Zealand. The Noble Lord and his like have governed England, in which they live, so admirably, that the people, particularly the hand-loom weavers, the Chartists, and the whole race of the bread taxed, must be delighted to see them extend their benevolent cares over another England, on the op posite side of the globe. But the main recommendation of the Chairman, to procure which we have no doubt the Committee was obtained, Mr. WAKEFIELD and his doubles examined so minutely, and the whole of the machi nery set in motion, is this—" That the holders of lands, not in cultivation, whose titles shall lave been admitted by the "Commissioners"—for Lord 'ELIO'T's scheme, or rather Mr. • WAKEFIELD'S, involves a new batch of Commissioners—" shall therefore have a pre-emptive right of purchase from the Crown at a price not less than 20s. the acre." " That except in the cases before provided for, the lands to be vested in the Crown shall be disposed of by sale only at a uniform price, and not by-auc tion, such price not being less than 20s. per acre." Everybody knows that this is the main principle of Mr. WAKEFIELD'S scheme of colonization. Ac cording to the recommendation of Lord ELIOT, there fore, supported by Mr. F. BARING, Mr.,B. HAWES, • Mr. G. W. HOPE, and Mr. GLADSTONE, the sovereignty of the whole island of New Zealand is to be seized by the Crown of Great Britain, and virtually made over to Mr. WAKEFIELD and his Company, to be colonized on his plan and under his direction. His ambition is not- very limited, and to attain' his vast object is worth all the trouble of putting the machinery in motion we have described, to beguile the House of Commons, and to make puppets of some of its Members. What a dis grace, the Spectator will say, for the Administra tionrto be on the watch, and not suffer such an elaborate scheme to be completed ! , I We should not trouble ourselves, however, with this foolish Committee, nor the foolish proceedings of Lord ELIOT, if this question of colonization on the WAKEFIELD principle were not of very coiiliderame nce to the public, and importance par ticularly to the working people of England. It is not a little singular that Mr. WAKEFIELD, and of course Lord ELIOT, have a great horror of i Englishmen acquiring land in New Zealand without paying their 20s. per acre. They call it irregular, and put up their hands at it as the naughtiest of all paw-paw, tricks. A great Company, with a Surveyor-General, and a Board , of Directors, meeting weekly in the me tropolis, may, for a few muskets and blankets, acquire 20,000,000 acres ; but for individuals on the spot to purchase a few score acres for a single musket, to cultivate it, and supply ships with stores, is a gross outrage against Mr. WAKEFIELD'S and Lord ELIOT'S newly dis covered moral code. He, and of course Lord ELIOT, predict from it all kinds of evil, as if a regular survey, and a decent appropriation of vast islands and continents, according to a technical and prescribed form, never caused the' least mischief to the aborigines—the aborigines of New South Wales, and the Hottentots and Caffres to wit, and never led to a single dispute, though the unsettled and costly question of the. Maine Boundary is at this moment impending , over. the nation I To avoid all these irregular appropriations, and put a stop to the adventurous English, who have begun colonizing New Zealand after their own fashion, which laughs at Mr. WAKEFIELD'S scheme, and extends the British name without pouring any fresh wealth into the lap of idle Lon don capitalists, Mr. WAKEFIELD, and of course Lord ELIOT, propose that the Crown or the House of Commons should monopolize the whole of New Zealand. A monopoly of the land, before it is brought into use, is one of the curses of Europe, and that curse Mr. WAKEFIELD and Lord ELIOT would inflict on the newly-discovered lands of th e Pacific Ocean. But now let the labourers of England, part.icu larly the destitute hand-loom weavers and othe r suf fering artizans, who may with propriety dews nd rt. lief from a Government that will let no part of the business of individuals alone—let them well remark that this monopoly will operate, anti is intended to operate, to prevent them acquiring land. They may have it under Mr. WAKEFIELD'S scheme, if they can pay 20s. a.i acre for it, but other wise they cannot have a rood, and must toil still for those who have wealth. In fact, it was avowed in the last number of the Edinburgh Review, that the gist of Mr. WAKEFIELD'S plan was to prevent the labourers of England from becoming inde pendent landowners, and was intended to keep them labourers still. For that object New Zealand is also to be monopolized. If Mr. WAKEFIELD be not in league with the bread taxers, he deserves to be, for he labours assiduously to serve their end and object, of keeping the labourers poor, and keeping them enslaved. In his evidence he over and over again expresses alarm at the cheapness of land in New Zealand, and boldly avows that he wishes to make it dear by monopolizing it. All that is done, however, under the most patriotic guise, and individuals are to be prevented from ac quiring land, and society is to be 'modelled on the WAKEFIELD, riot the OWEN scheme, exclusively for the b ene fit o f t h e peop l e t h emse l ves . The quarrel between Mr. WAKEFIELD and the Government springs from the repugnance of the Colonial Administration to countenance this giant scheme of monopoly. By listening to it before they were aware of its bearings, and by counte— nancing it, they have deserved Mr. WA KETAELD'S reproaches ; but they deserve none for discovering their error in time, and stopping short of the point to which he has driven poor Lord ELIOT. One of the charges against the Administration is i . that they were willing to let land of which that' h a d acquired possession at ss. per acre. Air. WA.KE FIELD quotes that fact in his evidence more than EVENING' ti:DiTION. once, as a proof that the Administration were ma' liciously disposed towards him, and let their hind at ss. per acre to spite the New Zealand Land Company. The people at large Will , however, see nothing to condsmn in their obstinate resistance to Mr. WAKEFIELD'S mono- poly, and in their having actually allowed those who chose to settle on their possessions to do so on paying ss. an acre, giving them the security into the bargain which a Government can bestow. Because the Ministers, however, would not come int, Mr. WA K ELD'S sche►ne, article after article had --- been directed against them, every syllable of which has assumed the most. patriotic and philanthropic garb, while it has been actuated by the wounded self-love, or the disappointed avarice or ambition of the writer. The Tory papers bear at present a very pleas' however unwilling, homage to the sound good sees of the people of England. They complain that the .. people will not . trotible themselves about foreign p bcy, and that they are t oo muc h engage d w ith their own real interests to occupy themselves with Turkey... and Egypt. The. Tories, in fact, find that all thei efforfs to 'g e t up a factious outbreak of indignation on the subject of our Foreign relations have been in vain. Mr. C. ATTWOOD has talked, and Mr. 1.1 1 " QUHART has written and intrigued, without sue" cess. The impeachment of Lord PALMERSTOX has been as fruitless as the vituperation of Mr. O'CONNELL. Even that part of the population, which is most ready for a row cannot be set in mo tion by the hollow hypocritical pretexts, unreal ser -, -, rows, and factious patriotism of the Tories. The trade as Tories is at an end. They ma y con' tinue it under a new firm, they may carry on their schemes to delude, defraud, and oppress the people in some new character, they may be unable' for the Ethiop cannot cast his skin, to throw asid e , their love of tyranny and their habitual hypocriali but as Tories they stand naked and exposed to the public scorn, and will be believed and honoured n ° ' more. Their factious object is clearly revealed', and by their complaints they acknowledge th eir defeat. The Tory Journals testify also to the general!: the almost universal, desire of peace, whili the/ wonder how it comes about that, with such a de ° sire, the country should be apprehensive of war. 'lt is their tactics to ascribe this to the blundering et, the Ministers ; more careful observers may, .Per haps, trace it to a different cause. T het; Ministers have acted on the old princip les' of diplomacy, from which they, probably! think themselves scarcely authorised to depa rt ' but they are no longer suitable to the condition, of the world. The successive, but varying P r gress of States, from causes not connected wit h conquest, the rise and decay of kingdoms, the ns; tural laws which govern society, and the errors internal policy, have long taught reflecting n te that the maintenance of a balance of power le - 80 idle chimera. Under the influence, however' °f • • old prejudices and old errors, modern statesin have still a hankering after the preservation..it, , a balance of power, an d they have got into a il t o • conflict with each other a b out ma tt e rs of °P i i n h t e o ir while the nations und er th e influence of too substantial interests, a n d gu id e d so l e ly by itn* w e of fact, , are resolute in keeping the Pe e° , do not make much account of the fire' i -ss fre.. either nation, and while there is such an n"a' t rence to foreign policy, that the 'Tor." can e write the people into a diseased action! and steady and general aversion from war prevails, t he statesmen of both France and England will soon per' ceive that their opinions and - View& must be mar fled to , meet the dispositiion of the people, and the.' ,4 - circumstances of the times. To go to war for a y barren piece of snow-covered lan'd in North Awe' rica, was held to be th,e height of Or nearly a century ago, but now to go, to war merely in accord a n ce w ith t h e ant i q uate° themes and opinions of a few diplomatists, sae ri . l ' ficing to their views the substantial material 3P !, terests of several great nations, would be ev e n 11. greater folly than any of the wars of the last den' -' b tury. In this particular case the folly is pilo t The avowed objects of both nations are the nou i r tenance of the integ;ity of Turkey, and the ke e , o , l ; ing Russia in check, for which purpose the t oss great Powers, by the unio n o f w hi c h a lone tit to ' objects can 'be effectu a lly accomp li s h e d, are 1 1 °. ° 40 go to war with ea c h ot h er . N o met h o d ca n he;ti; effectual to give a complete t r i um ph to Russia, ` - s. make her m as t er o f t h e west. Interest, rea c°tu and the publi c vo i c e hi 'both countries loutllY p*, test against such a provaiding. • The article on "the Power of the C , tracted from the Co•arfession of Augsburg, long, will amply re pay the trouble of perus al ' deafly lays down the Divine Law relative to tbefut.cii observance of Coe Sabbath, and repudiates to: claims of Polies. and Bishops to interfere Wit h, B O made by the civil power. The fourth paragraph ° t he chapter we recr,mmend to the careful attention of I I Pope of the F,orth. " The power of he Church ' say these formders of the Protestant Faith, " " tit his comuumdment to teach the Gospel an d to minister the Sacraments." " Let it not break i d of thottg; another's office—let it not interrupt judgments `he any eheil ordinances or contracts." This we b , ; tio'd of the religious and political sentiments a Protestants ought to be studied by 0 Puscyites as well a s th e A gnew i tes , b o th of " h° o f ' appear to hav e l ost s i g h t o f t h e true sp i r i t Christianity. - -op.—. The news brou2ht by the Paris Journals of Sl° day is more than usually interesting, con firni 2 irl i g the accounts received yesterday by extra 0 " 111)- el express of the refusal of MEHEMET ALI t° e be cept the Ultimatum of the Four Powers, and ta preparations .of Commodore NAPIER for blnek, a h ; ing Syria. We have given in another part °f Sun such det a il s as we d eem necessar y for the '',, formation of our readers under the head " E aste r ., lll " Question," and under that of " Treaty of Lot ac- e l will be found the announcements which app ear i i in well-informed J ourna l s o f S un d a y 01 fre n s e negof iations b etween E ng l an d an d Fran ) h e for, (as regards the two Powers resspectifet Y a pa cific settement of this question. I n o f mean time events are progressing so rapidly iri t he East.„ that we can no longer speculate 0 1 31°11 1., probabiliti es o f what a single day may bring f°11 ;; We give up prophecy, and confine insourse the simple n arration. .There are certain points 05 progress of public events which are not left t° veil % guidance of a single will, when thick darkness ,_.O i. the future fr q uessw am every eye. The Eastern ' OP has r :ache.d v the first of these points. The 11 " oc , and 'English Governments may draw inference f ro m cee ding) y plausible, and very probable to°P or . more than s od e 1 ,44 facts oli which the public knowledge is very i l o f stand s' °- ' "ti Can't ; but while these Governments s.---- t he:;,: br,th exercising such a mighty influence In ti , .: '", 7 2.ast, it is impossible that at such a crisis as an present either of them could give • .., opinion. as to what new births of circumstances the Vii. world , 'i , t actualities influencing the fate of the ~7 .I.' Wl' li 4„!'0 A . „,.. future m a y b r i ng f or th. Th e result of eve , ., t '', now depends upon an " IF." If Meheme t a , a u continue to set the Four Powers at defianc Cy ort the he yie Id with a good grace—i France suq oe rs; Vice,' oy, or if s h e unite with the Four - 1 - iition ol these and half a score more of such Nif tic h as conittnetions bewilder statesmen almost as . i l",_ . they do the " pensive" and inquisitive pun s l dig- In this state of general uncertainty and I. T tkn the th Prc t VI( .; .1)1 is Eau re, tit 1