The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-01-18 00:00:00

d only heal their eneral Infir m To the `l'l :L LIVERPOOL STANDAIka Vottrp. THE PARGUINOTE'S FAREWELL. (From the Eton Miscellany.) AND must we leave our native sands, Our native rocks, to despot sway, To learn the tongues of foreign lands, And moulder in a foreign clay Yes we depart in stern disdain Of those who crouch beneath the claire The sun-set gilds our Ocean's breast As softly as in days of yore ; The plumes of snow on mduntain crest Are shining as they shone before. Where is that soul, by which alone Our fathers call'd this land their own '1 We hail this calm and holy hour Responsive to our last fart well ; Yet, ere we go, the song shall pour A tribute to the brave who fell, When the red flow of Sunium's wave Incarnadined the Persian's grave. Oh, for that spark of living fire, Whose stirring impulse raised the cry, When Greece, resistless in her ire, Rush'd on to conquer or to die : Mark ! how they answer to the shock, The echoes of the island rock. Those hearts are still'd for ever now, Those hands have moulder'd in the son ; While Greece can see the myrtle bough, Yet tremble at a tyrant's nod. Dost thou forget, Athenian slave, What foliage wreath'd the hero's glaive Our fathers' bones are on the shore, Our fathers met a hero's doom : We go—to view this land no more ; And dare we leave a hero's tomb To foes who wield o'er land and sea A sword to crush the brave and free 1 No—light the pile. to wrap in flames The relics of our glorious sires ; This land will not forget the names Of those who fell : ascend ye fires, And flash defiance, as we go, Upon the traitor and the foe. ON THE DEATH OF A PATRIOT. (Prom The Same.) 'Tis morn ; the sound of muffled drum Tells that the dreaded time is come ; Along the streets, a servile band, The hirelings of the tyrant stand : Their souls no sense of shame can turn, No generous feelings in them burn ; Fit instruments for despot lord, His will, their guide ; their hope, reward. To these, upon this fatal day, The charge is given to clear the way; These round the prison's gloomy gate The coming of the patriot wait, The victim of perverted laws, The last, sole hope of freedom's cause. Ask you his crime ? could such a breast His country's wrongs forgive ? Could such a spirit tamely rest, Till tyrants ceased to live ? Could he crouch to a despot's yoke ? No—sooner seek to bend the oak ! Him saw the tyrant ; him he knew To freedom and his country true : Ile knew him proof against each wile, Each haughty frown, each treacherous smile. Vain was his sceptred pride, to tame The breast which own'd a patriot's flame : Yet ill the tyrant's soul could brook! The freedom of that manly look. The mutter'd curse, the gloomy sneer, Which spoke of deadly vengeance near : 11l could he bear those words of blame. That told of freedom's injured name. Of, broken laws, of trampled rights, By him, and by his parasites : These were the crimes for which the slave, By treacherous bribes suborn'd, Dared to traduce the injured brave, Who proffer'd mercy scorn'd. Should he to despots bend a knee ? Should he submit to tyranny ? And lead a life of endless pain, Beneath his master's galling chain 2 But now the neighbouring convent's tower Proclaim'd the long-expected hour. Forth from the gate the captive came ; His step, his voice, his cheek, the same, Save, that of rage, a deeper trace Was pictured in his glowing face : And on his fetter'd arm each vein With throbbing seem'd to burst its chain ; While frequent heavings of his vest Show'd the wild tumults of his breast. And now the dreaded spot appear'd, 'Where its sad form the scaflbld rear'd ; 'Where instruments of deadly fate, The block, the axe, the prisoner wait. Not e'en this new unwonted sight Had power the patriot's soul to fright ; With eye unchanged, with thoughts on God, Firmly the fatal stair he trod ; Once to his lips the cross he press'd, And breathed one prayer to Heaven His wrongs forgave, his sins confess'd, And bade the blow be given ! V4IIIETIES. PARLIAMENTARY DIFFERENCE.—"The only difference be tween Dan O'Connell and Gully in Parliament," said a wag, "is, that Gully is a Peel-er, and Dan a Re-pealer."—Lit erary Gazette. NEAL MALONE, A 'RALE' IRISH TAlLOR.—Though a tailor, and only four feet in height, Neal Malone was descended from a fighting family, who had signalized themselves in as many battles as ever any single hero of antiquity fought. His father, his grandfather, and his great-grandfather ' were all fighting men, and his ancestors in -general, up, probably, to Con of the Hundred Battles himself. No wonder, therefore, that Neal's blood should cry against the cowardice of his calling; no won der that he should.be an epitome of all that was valorous and heroic in a peaceable man, for we neglected to inform the reader that Neal, though 'bearing no base mind,' never fought any - man in his own person. That, however, deducted nothing from his courage. If he did not fight, it was simply because he found cowardice universal. No man would 'engage him; his spirit blazed in vain ; his thirst for battle was doomed to remain unquenched, except by whiskey, and this only increased it. In short, he could find no foe. He has often been known to chal lenge the first cudgel players and pugilists of the parish; to provoke men of fourteen stone wei g ht ; and to bid mortade fiance to .faction heroes of all grades—but in vain. * * * real saw all this with lofty indignation; he deplored the dege neracy of the times, and thought it hard that the descendant of such a family should - be doomed to pass through life peaceably, whilst so many excellent rows and riots took place.around him. It Was a calamity to see every man's head broken but his own ; a dismal thing to observe his neighbours go about with their bones in bandages, .yet his untouched; and his friends beat black and blue, whilst his cuticle remained undiscoloured.-- Blur-an'-agers !' exclaimed Neal one day, when half-tipsy in the fair, 'am I never' to get a bit of fightin' ! Is there no cow ardly spalpeen to stand afore Neal Malone ? Be this and be that, I'er blue moulded for want of a batini / disgracite my relations by the life I'm ladin r! Will none o' yees fight me aither for love, money, or whiskey? frind orinimy, and bad luck to yecs? I don't care a traneen which, only nut o' pure frind ship let us have a morsel o' the rale kick up 'tany rate. Frind or inim.y, I say agin, if you regard me ; sure that makes no differ, only let us have the fight.' '---Dublin University Review, No. 1. SINGULAR ANECDOTE OP A DOG.—The enemy then pro ceeded with the operations against Fort Antonia. On the night of the .sth, as the English officers on guard were sitting toge ther in a circle, with a large dog asleep in the centre, one of the enemy's shell's falling upon the animal, his: blood extinguished the fusee, and saved them all from destruction.--Mackinnon's Coldstream Guards. Ax OBSERVER.—" It's very strange," said the coachman, looking at me over his left shoulder, "I never see it afore_ But I've made three observations through life." Now an ex perienced picker-up, in a progress of some three hundred thou sand miles, is not to be slighted, so I leaned with my best ear aver the coachman's shoulder, in order to catch every syllable. " I have sat on the box, man and boy," said Bat, 'looking straight a-head between his leaders, "a matter of full thirty years, and that's more, never missing a day barring the Friday I was married, and one of my remarks is, I never .see a sailor in top hoots." "Now I think of it, Bat," said I, a little dis concerted at my . windfall from the tree of knowledge, "I have had some experience in travelling myself, and certainly do not remember such a phenomenon.' l I'll take 'my oath you havn't," said Bat, giving the leader a little twitch of self-satis faction, "I once (lily the Phenomenon myself. There's no such thing in nature. And I'll tell you another remarkable remark I've made through life, I never yet see a Jew pedlar with a Newfoundland dog." "As for that, Bat," said I, per haps willing to retort upon him a little of my own disappoint ment, "though I cannot call to mind, I will not undertake to say, I have never met with such an association." " Atayhap," said Bat, "you've never seen the other thing I've observed through life, I never observed a black man driving a long stage." "Never, Bat, never, in the whole course of my stage practice." "And no one else has ever seen it," said Bat.— Hood's Comic Annual, COWPER was of the middle stature; he had a fine, open, and expressive countenance; that indicated much thoughtfulness, and almost excessive sensibility. His eyes were more remark able for the expression of tenderness than of penetration. The general expression of his countenance partook of that sedate cheerfulness, which so strikingly characterizes all his original productions, and which never failed to impart a peculiar charm to his conversation. His limbs were more remarkable for strength than for delicacy of form. He possessed a warm tem perament; and he says a himself, in a letter to his cousin, Mrs. Bodham, dated Feb. 27, 1790, that he was naturally " some what irritable," but, if he was, his religious principle had so subdued that tendency, that a near relation, who was inti mately acquainted with him the last ten years of his life, never saw his temper ruffled in a single instance. His manners were generally somewhat shy and reserved, particularly to strangers; when, however, he was in perfect health, and in such society as was quite congenial to his taste, they were perfectly free and unembarrassed; his conversation was unrestrained and cheer ful, and his whole deportment was the most polite and graceful, especially to females, to whom he conducted himself, on all occasions, with the strictest delicacy and propriety. Much as Cowper was admired by those who knew him only as a writer, or as an occasional correspondent, he was infinitely more esteemed by his more intimate friends ; indeed, the more inti mately he was known, the more he was beloved and revered. Nor was this affectionate attachment so much the result of his brilliant talents, as it was of the real goodness of his disposi tion, and gentleness of his conduct.—Taylor's Lfle of William Cowper. ANECDOTE OF NAPOLEON.—There are but two ways for a ge neral to reconnoitre ; one, with a portion of his army so large, that the enemy cannot distinguish between a reconnoisance and the preparation for actual attack; and the other, so unattended, as to be altogether unsuspected, if not unseen. Napoleon would take ten thousand men to a reconnoisance, or but one; the latter was his usual mode. He left his staff and escort under the cover of some village or thicket, and went out with an officer, both wrapt in their cloaks, and at a little distance, undistinguishable from the peasants. At Dresden, while the allied armies were in the neighbourhood, he was up at day break, toiling like a captain of engineers. While the staff 'were constructing a bridge in place of the one burnt by the Russians, he took his stand beside a building which had served for a depot of ammunition. The Russian fire was drawn upon this point, and a shell had nearly closed the campaign ; it burst over the spot where he stood, struck the side of the building, and dashed a large, fragment of wood or stone at his feet. While all around him were alarmed at his hazard, he coolly turned the fragment over, and observed, " A few inches nearer, and it would have done its business!" At the close of the battle of Lutzen, Napoleon was in the most imminent danger of being killed or taken. The Prussian brigade of cavalry, which rushed forward so unexpectedly, after night fall, and when the engagement seemed to be entirely over, threw the very battalions among which he was riding, at the moment, into great confusion. They, however, formed into squares, which, in the darkness, fired in all directions, without knowing at what they were firing. His suite all dispersed, equally to avoid the Prussians and their own men. The firing and the gallop ing continued in the meantime, and the Emperor was nowhere to be found. If the Prussians had followed up their charge, they might have taken him and half the general officers of his army.—The Year of Liberation. BENGAL MARRIAGES.—Few opinions can be more erroneous than those which prevail in Europe upon the subject of Indian marriages. According to the popular idea, a young lady visit ing the Hon. Company's territories is destined to be sacrificed to some old, dingy, rich, bilious nawaub, or, as he is styled on this side of the Atlantic, " nabob," a class of persons unfortu nately exceedingly rare; ancient subjects devoted to the in terests of the conclave in Leadenhall-street, belonging to both services, are doubtless to be found in India, some dingy, and some bilious, but very few rich ; and, generally speaking, these elderly gentlemen have either taken to themselves wives in their younger days, or have become such confirmed bachelors that neither flashing eyes, smiling lips, lilies, roses; dimples, &c., comprehending the whole catalogue of female fascinations, can make the slightest impression upon their flinty hearts. Happy may the fair expectant account herself who has the opportunity of choosing or refusing a rare avis of this nature,—some yellow civilian out of debt, or some battered brigadier, who saw service in the days of sacks and sieges, and who comes wooing in the olden style, preceded by trains of servants bearing presents of shawls and diamonds ! Such prizes are scarce. The damsel educated in the fallacious hope of seeing a rich antiquated suitor at her feet, laden with " barbaric pearl and gold," soon dis covers to her horror that if she should decide upon marrying at all, she will be absolutely compelled to make a love match, and select the husband of her choice out of the half-dozen subalterns who may offer; fortunate may she esteem herself if there be one amongst them who can boast a staff appointment, the adju tancy or quartermastership of his corps. 1 7 ormerly when the importations of European females wer e much smaller than at present, men grew grey in the service before they had an oppor tunity of meeting with a wife, there consequently was a supply of rich old gentlemen ready at every station to lay their wealth at the feet of the new arrival; and as we are told that " mam mon wins its way where seraphs might despair," it may be sup posed that younger and poorer suitors had no chance against these wealthy wooers. The golden age has passed away in In dia; the silver fruitage of the rupee tree has been plucked, and Love, poverty stricken, has nothing left to offer but his roses. —Asiatic Journal. THE RIVAL COUSINS.—In attempting to pluck a rose from a hedge for one of the cousins, Lord Delaford was thrown from his horse.—" Fanny was some yards in advance, and only turned round in time to see him as he was getting up from the ground, and was therefore spared the first alarm. She was not a nerv ous, hysterical person; and although she turned pale, and trem bled, she did not fall from her horse, or do any thing that at tracted attention to herself. Isabella, really agitated, and really nervous,. (as indulged find flattered people are apt to be,) shrieked aloud, and burst into tears—real tears—for she affected nothing; she only gave way to what she felt, from the consciousness that she was charming, and that her emotions Would not appear 'dis agreeable and uninteresting. She was lifted off her horse, in a fainting state. Lord Delaford was supporting her. .Every one was busy about her. In the confusion, her fiat fell off, and all her ringlets were floating on th e wind : her eyes were half closed; and the long lashes looked beautifully dark on her cheek, which was really pate. Fanny thought she never saw one look so lovely ! Lord, Delaford watched her revival with an expression ot intense interest; and Fanny sat still on her horse, unnoticed - and unregarded, with feelings of hardness and bitterness which never before had been the inmates of her gen tle bosom. This protracted exhibition of sensibility appeared to her perfectly . unnecessary; and she could not help thinking that Isabella might have recovered sooner; that she might have twisted up her own hair, and tucked it under her hat, without any assistance from Lord Delaford; and that there was no occasion for several ringlets to be allowed to escape, and to stray over her face and shoulders."—Our readers need not be told that marriage followed this—how Isabella was all gaiety and grandeur, and Fanny all tears and"resignation; nor with they wonder much to learn that after a journey to Italy, and a twelvemonth's residence at home, something like a coldness ensued between this picturesque lady and her lord; he loved the joys of his own house—she desired those of the theatre and the masquerade ; he wished to abide in the country, and to make his people happy—she cared for no place but the town, and. loved to see Her flambeaux flash against the morning skies. Discord Thud and fierce was about to break out, when Fanny interposed, directed her cousin to the path of duty, and restored happiness.—Atheneum.—Notice of Recollections of a Chaperon. HORRORS AND ATROCITIES OF AN ASSAULT. By this time, General Phillippon, theFreneh governor (of Bade jos).had surrendered. When he found the 3d division had got pos session of the castle, and were .preparing to move down to second the attack of the breaches by takiug the enemy in rear, and that General Walker, with a part of the sth division, had escaladed, and established themselves at the other end of the town, he deemed ;further resistance useless, and retired, with the gar rison, to St. Cristoval, on the opposite side of the river; and shortly after the whole surrendered prisoners of war, the troops, after being stripped of their arms and accoutrements, being marched along in the ditch to one of the gates, from whence they were escorted on their way to Elves. They passed near the breaches while I was there, and I had a full view of them as they moved along. I thought they seemed under great appre hension for their safety, as they appeared quite downcast and dejected, which is not generally the case with French prisoners, who will shrug their shoulders, and tell you it is the fortane of war; but these poor fellows, who certainly had made a noble defence, seemed row-spirited and timid to a degree. Certainly by the rules of war, 1 - believe, they might have been put to death, for having stood an asault of the place; but a British general does not resort to the same measures which their Mar shal Suchet did at Tarragona, when he put all, both soldiers and inhabitants, to the sword. Soon after daylight, the remain ing men of attacking, divisions began to rush into the town, i n hopes of sharing, with those who had already entered, the plun der they imagined it would afford; and though every thing was done by Colonel Barnard, aided by the other officers, to keep out those of the light division, it was useless, though he even risked his life to prevent their entering. He had bravely, during the attack, repeatedly ascended the - breach in hopes of over coming the obstacles which preSented themselves, but he had always been driven back, although he escaped unhurt where all was death around him; and now his life nearly fell a sacrifice, in endeavouring to restore that discipline is his division which this unfortunate and unsuccessful assault had considerably im paired. He opposed his personal and bodily strength to the entrance of the plunderers, but in vain. They rushed in, in spite of all opposition; and in wrenching a musket from one of the soldiers of the 52d, who was forcing past him, he fell, and was nigh precipitated into the ditch. He, however, finding resistance here in vain, set off, accompanied by several other officers, into the town, to endeavour to restrain, as much as lay in his power, the licentiousness of those inside, whose bad passions, it was but too evident, would be let loose upon the defenceless inhabitants. I had been in company with Captain Percival, my commanding-officer before alluded to, from the time of my first coming down to the division before daylight; and now he and I, hearing the heart-piercing and afflicting groans which arose from the numbers of wounded still lying iu the ditch, set to work to get as many of these poor fellows removed as was in our power. This we found a most arduous and difficult undertaking, as we could not do it without the aid of a considerable number of men; and it was a work of danger to attempt to force the now lawless soldiers to obey, and stop with us till this work of necessity and humanity was accom plished. All thought of what they owed their wounded com rades, and of the probability thlif ere long a similar fate might be their own, was swallowed isp in their abominable rage for drink and plunder : however, by pers e v erance , an d b y occa sionally using his stick, my commandant at length compelled a few fellows to lend their assistance in removing what we could into the town, where it was intended the hospitals should be established. But this was a most heart-rending duty: for, from the innumerable cries of—' Oh ! for God's sake come and remove me !' it was difficult to select the most proper objects for such care. Those who appeared likely to die, of course it would have been but cruelty to put to the pain of a removal; and many who, from the nature of their wounds, required great care and attention in carrying them, the half-drunken brutes whom we were forced to employ exceedingly tortured and injured; nay, in carrying one man out of the ditch they very frequently kicked or trode upon several others, whom to touch was like death to them, and which produced the most agonising cries imaginable. I remember at this time• Colonel (the late Sir Neil) Campbell passed out at the breach, and as he had for merly been a captain in our regiment, many of the poor fellows who lay there knew him, and beseeched him in the most piteous manner to have them removed. He came to me, and urged upon me iu the strone•est manner to use every exertion to get the poor fellows away. 'ihis evinced he had a feeling heart; but he was not probably aware, that for that purpose both my commanding officer and myself had been labouring for hours; but it soon be gan to grow excessively hot, and wh a t - with the toil and the heat, of the sun, and the very unpleasant effluvia which now arose from the numerous dead and wounded, we were both compelled, about mid-day, to desist from our distressing though gratifying labours. It was now between twelve and one o'clock, and though we had a great many removed, a much greater number lay groaning in the ditch ; but our strength was exhausted, for he was lame, and unable to move much, and I had been obliged to assist in carrying many myself, the drunken scound re l s w h om we h a d pressed into the service seldom making more than one or two trips till they deserted us. But my lamented friend and mess mate, poor Cary, was still to search for ; and, after a considerable time, he was found beneath one of the ladders by which they had descended into the ditch. He was shot through the head, and I doubt not received his death-wound on the ladder, from which in all probability . he fell. He was stripped completely naked, save a flannel waistcoat, which he wore next his skin. I had him taken up and placed upon a shutter, (he still breath e d a little, though quite insensible,) and carried him to the camp. A sergeant and some men, whom we had pressed to carry him, were so drunk that they let him fall from off their shoulders, and his body fell with great force to the ground. I shuddered, but poor Cary, I believe, was past all feeling, of the fall would have greatly injured him. We laid him in bed in his tent, but it was not long ere my kind, esteemed, and lamented friend breathed his last. Poor Croudace had also died immediately after reaching the hospital, whither he had been carried when he was shot. Thus I lost two of my most particular and inti mate acquaintances, from both of whom I had received many acts of kindness and friendship. They will long live in my memory. Cary was buried next day behind our tents, one of the officers (my other messmate) reading the funeral service. I cannot help adverting to some of the scenes which I witnessed in the ditch, while employed there as above noticed. One of the first strange sights that attracted our notice was soon after our arrival. An officer with yellow facing came out of the town with a frail fair one leaning on his arm, and carrying in her other hand a cage with a bird in it; and she tripped it over the bodies of the dead and dying with all the ease and indiffer ence of a person moving in a ball-room,—no more concern being evinced by either of them, than if nothing extraordinary had occurred. It was really lamentable to see such an utter absence of all right feeling. Soon after this the men began to come out with their plunder. Some of them had dressed them selves in priests' or friars' garments,—some appeared in female dresses, as nuns, &c. ; and, in short, all the whimsical and fantastical figures almost imaginable were to be seen coming reeling out of the town, for by this time they were nearly all drunk. I penetrated no farther into the town that day than to a house a little beyond the breach, where I had deposited the wounded ; but I saw enough in this short trip to di sgus t me with the doings in Badajos at this time. I learnt that no house, church, or convent, was held sacred by the infuriated and now ungovernable soldiery; but that priests or nuns, and common people, all shared alike, and that an) who shelved the least re sistance were instantly sacrificed to their fury. They had a method of firing through the lock of any door that happened to he shut against them, which almost invariably had the effect of forcing it open; and such scenes were witnessed in the streets as baffle descriptor. One man of our first battalion, I am told, had got a hogshead of brandy into the streets, and, getting his mess-tin, and filling it from the cask, and seating himself astride like,Bacchus, swore that every person who came past should drink, be who he may. His commanding officer hap pened to be one who came that way, and he was compelled to take the tin and drink, for had he refused, it is not improbable the wretch would have shot him, for his rifle was loaded by his side, and the soldiers had by this time become quite past all control. Another, who had been fortunate enough to obtain a considerable quantity of doubloons, put th em i n his haversack, and was making his way out of the town, but was induced, before he left it, 'to drink more than he could carry. He laid him down somewhere to take a nap, and awoke soon after without even his shoes, and not only were the doubloons gone, but all his own necessaries also. In short, a thousand of the most tragi-eomical spectacles that can possibly be imagined, might be witnessed in this devoted city. The officers did all they could to repress these outrages, but the soldiers were now so completely . dispersed, that one quarter of them could not be found: and indeed the only benefit almost that the officers could render was, by each placing himself in a house, which generally secured i from being broken open and plundered. The different camps of our army were for several days after, more like rag-fairs than military encampments, such quantities of wearing-apparel of all kinds were disposing of by one set of plunderers to the other. An English army is perhaps, generally speaking, under stricter discipline than any other in the world; but in proportion as they are held tight while they are in hand, if circumstances occur to give them liberty, I know of no army more difficult to restrain when once broke loose. A reason may perhaps be assigned for it in part. On such occasions as this siege, where they were long and much exposed to fatigue almost insupportable, to the most trying scenes of difficulty and danger, which were generally borne with cheerfulness and alacrity, they perhaps reasoned with themselves and one another in this manner,—that as they had borne so much and so pa tiently to get possession of the place, it was but fair that twy should have some indulgence whan their work and trials went crowned with success, especially as the armies of other powers make it a rule generally to give an assaulted fortress up to llunder. They had also become quite r ec kl ess o f lif e f r o m t o ong exposure to death ; but an English army cannot plunder the French. The latter keep themselves more sober, and look more to the solid and substantial benefit to be derived from it, while the former sacrifice every thing to drink ; and when once in a state of intoxication, with all the bad passions set loose at the same time, I know liot what they will hesitate po perpetrate."—Surtees's Twenty-fire Years in the Rifle Brigade: LIFE BOAt.-A Mr. Penshort is stated to have contrived a very important improvement, by which the life-boitt may be launched in five minutes instead of thirtya vast matter when gallant lives are at stake. _ _ VEsuvlus.—The mouncain has been in a state of activity during all the early part of December; and in consequence of the prolonged eruptions, the lava had, according to the latest accounts, spread considerably, and threatened the habitations at the foot. ORIGIN OF PROPERTY.—The first objects of property were tile fruits which a man gathered, and , the wild animals he caught; next to these, the tents and houses which he built, the tools he made use of to catch or prepare his food; and afterwards, wea pons of war and offence. Many of the savage tribes in Ninth America have advanced no farther than this yet; - for they are said to reap their harvest, and return the produce of their market with foreigners into the common hoard or treasury of the tribe. Flocks and herds of tame animals soon become property; Abel, the second son of Adam, was a keeper of sheep; sheep and oxen, camels and asses, composed the wealth of the Jewish patriarchs, as they do still of the modern Arabs. As the world was first peopled in the east, where there existed a great scarcity of water, wells, probably, were next made property; as we learn from the frequent and serious mention of them in the Old Tes tament, and contentions and treaties about them, and, from its being recorded among the most memorable achievements of very eminent men that they dug or discovered a well.—Land, which is now so important a part of property, which alone out laws call real property, and regard upon all occasions with such peculiar attention, was probably not made property in any country till long after the institution of many other species of property; that is, till the country became populous, and tillage began to be thought of. The first partition of an estate which we read of, was that which took place between Abram and Lot: and was one of the simplest imaginable : " If thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if thou depart to th 6 right hand, then I will go to the left."—There are no traces of property in land in Caesar's account. of Britain : but little of it in the history of the Jewish patriarchs : none of it found among the nations of North America: the Scythians are expressly said to have appropriated their cattle and houses, but to have left their land in common.—Property in immoveables continued, at first, no longer than the occupation, that is, so long as a man's family continued in possession of a cave, or his flocks depastured upon a neighbouring hill—no one attempted, or thought he had a right, to disturb or drive them out; but when the man quitted the cave, or changed his pasture, the first who found them un occupied entered upon them by the same title as his predeces sors, and made way, in his turn, for any one that happened to succeed him. All more permanent property in land was pro bably posterior to civil government and to laws; 'and, therefore, settled by these, or according to the will of the reigning chief, —Paley. CHARLEMAGNE'S PROGRESS TO ROME.—Charlemagne set out from Pavia, accompanied by a considerable army, and an immense train of bishops, priests, and nobles; and, passing through Tuscany, he advanced by rapid journeys upon Rome. Shouts and songs of triumph greeted him on the way; town°, castles, and villages, poured forth to see him pass; the serf, the, citizen, and the noble, joined in acclamations which welcomed the conqueror of the Lombards; and dead Italy seemed to reviver at the glorious aspect of the victor. Thirty miles from the city, lie was met by all those who could still boast of generous blood in Rome, with ensigns and banners; and at a mile's distance from the walls, the whole schools came forth to receive bearing in their hands branches of the palm and the olive, an" singing, in the sweet Roman tongu e ! the praises and gratulation' of their mighty deliverer. Thither, too, came the standard of the cross, with which it had been customary to meet the Exarclas on their visits to the city; and truly, since the days of lid ancient splendour, never had Rome beheld such a sight it 4 entered her gates with the monarch of the Francs. It was 130 10 no savage army come to ravage and to spoil, with hunger and hatred in their looks, and foulness and barbarism in their gar' meats. On the contrary, a long train o f the p r i n c es a n d no bles of a warlike and beautiful nation, mingling, in the brilliant robes of peace, with all the great of a people they had delivered , entered the gates of Rome, and, amidst songs of victory and shouts of joy, were led forward, through all the splendid remains of ancient art, the accumulated magnificence Of centuries of power and conquest, by a monarcu such as the world has seen but once. ' Above the ordinary height of man. Charlemagne was a giant in his stature as in his mind; but the graceful and easy proportion of all his limbs spoke the con; bination of wonderful activity with immense strength, and pleased while it astonished. His countenance was as striking as his figure; and his broad high forehead, his keen and flashing eye, and bland unwrinkled brow, offered a bright picturet wherein the spirit of physiognomy, natural to all men, migh" trace the expression of a powerful intellect and a beuevold heart. On so solemn an occasion as his entry into Rome, the general simplicity of his attire was laid aside; and he uow ar, peared blazing in all the splendour of rovalty,his robes wroue of purple and gold, his brow encirled with jewels, and his v eto sandals glittering with precious stones. As he approached toe church of St. Peter, and was met by the Exarch's cross, tit monarch alighted from his horse, and, with his principal follof ers, proceeded on foot to the steps of the cathedral. he malt of his reverence for the shrin e o f th e ap os tl e were s uc h as 4 ., sovereign might well pay, whose actions and whose power lel: no fear of respect being constru e d into s ubmis s i o n. In th'", porch near the door, he was met by Pope Adrian, attended DI all his clergy, clothed in the magnif i c e nt v es t men t s o f thci Roman church; and while loud shouts rent the air of "Bless i. e.`: be he who cometh in the n am e o f the Lord!" the pontiff held deliverer to his heart, poured forth his gratitude, and load' him with blessings.'—James's History of Charlemagne. CASES OF MONOMANIA.—Not many years sinc e I dined witb .s il t friend, aman of distinguished abilities. There were other guest' ' , table; our host was well, and in the full performance of his int! e lectual manifestations, when, on a sudden, he was noticed to gr o signs of salutation to the door of the room, he welcomed an unse., ° , friend, arose, and handed him to a chair, addressed him, v„, ceived his answers, and maintained the supposed conversatid`:, This gentleman, next day, was completely free from+the stral hallucination. The second example is one which I shall quek ii on indisputable authority. It is the history of the epidefe r , monomania of St. Souard, and never was there a history ni ° , 4 curious and extraordinary. A battalion of French sadie'; during the toils and dangers of a campaign, were marching a certain point on a hot and overcoming day, and at double t,i, usual speed. Their strength was 800 men, all hardy, season e d and courageous men, careless of danger, despising the and little occupied with the thoughts of ghosts and pliant bt , magoria. On the night of the occurrence in question, tp. battalion was forced to occupy a narrow and low building, bar,. e c i calculated to accommodate 300 persons. Nevertheless o fo l . slept; but at midnight one and all were roused by fright, screams issuing from all quarters of the house, and to the eY f of the astonished, affrighted, soldiers, appeared the vision huge dog, which bounded in through the window, and rus' t be with extraordinary heaviness and speed over the breasts of, spectators. The soldiers quitted the building- in terror. rye,night, by the solicitation of the surgeon and chef de battail / 4i who accompained them, they once more resumed their PV ous quarters. "We saw,'' says the narrator, " that slept; wide awake we watched the arrival of the. hour of t ry preceding panic, and midnight had scarcely struck whely veteran soldiers for the second time started to their feet. Ag,,il they had heard the supernatural voices; again the visionrio hound had bestrode them to suffocation. The chef de battdl e ' r e. and myself heard or saw nothing of these events." 13 4 14 gentlemen, is a curious fact, and it is, perhaps, more we' t. 4 of attention as it seems to point out the special operatie n d physical causes in the production of the monomania, ad ho se . the direction of the delusion towards the organs, namely, '7, 4 " of respiration, 'which had chiefly suffered in the prec . , li ell marches, and in the suffocating atmosphere of the den in they slept. The last example I shall give you gentione%t curred in my own person (a laugh), and yet believe to c if' was not mad, at least I was not so at the time when th e , re ff cumstance happened (increased laughter). 1 was but a o r young man, when one day I made my first visit to a dissec.rdiii room, that of La Pitie, and there I saw the body of a chi , a pa an advanced state of putrefaction, all covered with larrteo , worms. I returned home, and not caring much about the'tbe ter, went to bed, and slept soundly. But when I arose {ri dg e morning., and was crossing the room to open my window, .1, 11 5 10._ my astonishment to see lying on my table the very body, l ol yesterday at La Pitie. I started, rubbed my eyes, shook an d self, all in vain; there it was, blue, and green, and putriq distill.. a full of creeping worms. Never was anything more (l e seen, nevertheless the delusion soon vanished, and I rec.oev, etit , my reason (a laugh), which I am glad to say has sin;.l a rs undisburbed by any such visionary spectres.---IL Lectures in the Lancet. REDIORIAS DE LA REAL ACADEMIA HISTORIA. (From Vie atheneum.) Wit now present our readers with the list of th 4 'eautile Navy of England in 1558, promised it ere can be no doubt of its genesal accuracy, for ] remembered, was the husband of the then Qi and the statement is copied from the returns 1 / Council. We request our readers to excuse natoes; for, after considerable trouble, some ti a guess. to E vie NG Q L uee T . NAVY IN 1558. be To Southas dirm. :Jesus Tons. Crew Rose e Lion 5OO 330 600 330 t'4B,,.::reat belonging Shi L'alp and Mary 450 300 600 330 LLia'e Salamander 3OO 200 300 200 Liar.. . r Antelope 3OO 200 r ' . Swallow. 0 Willoughby l6O 200 Gallant Ann........ 390 120 ~,_, New Boat. 1."" Greyhound l6O 120 fe e hull l6O 120 ge Ti ger l6O 120 'h e sa rette. 160 120 be j an 140 100 I,e G eorge sar 120 100 1, 11, Favn lOO 80 ~,,e Phoenix 7O 60 rte g V . , aere 7O 60 1 1 ' narge Bulleyne 6O 60 Is e Sev en St anzes 4O 40 b"" Double Rose 4O 30 e Fleur de Lis 4O 30 ,Lien 4O 30 r Red Galley 3OO h_ ge SBrigadi n lack Gaiiey....... , 3 4 0 g e, Barque Trigonell.. To Dartn Julianne Maria Holland-- George Galianne de Lime Charite To Plynu Salamander ... . .. Joan liileomb To Bris Ginnet Anglois.... Johan Hileomb.... To Winch Drigullsale To Ipsunche Robert To Hartz Anne _ _ T 6 Oxford [ Ove the Hispe..... To Lestof [IA Ghetter's Ship..... To Tam Elizabeth Joan Echars To Wilston Blanche Elizabeth of Quing Barque Salomon.. To J'/ Marie George lb Lin Grey Ilocende Robert Ships belonging to the port of London. 4 300 200 : i : i ll ? h i t E:v j e a n o a g n e list e . . k"ge de Dieu.. ..... elle Watson lBO 140 rOY Martin l4O 100 . 140 100 r 44 1,. es Bonaventure l4O 100 k noze l4O 100 h?Tal Gabriel l4O 100 it 'qe Spirit l4O 120 ''S'• Fortune . 140 100 , - __ Hooke; Halque de Rinwel. Halque de Breme. To Haab Les deux barques. To Lint Marie Hansarde Draeon Marie Houre Marcequin To Quin Georre,., de Linne To Jf'estlow [J Barge White To Gale S i nn of York. , l4O 100 fi s l rr Rose l4u 100 I,i'" l4O 100 1;' l4 — que Romunde.. Angel Barque Bendall._ To Pultrc q Venelion Ships.* r 12at Albert lOOO 500 Albert 3OO 450 Joan Little.. To ESI4 Barque des Carpint Victuallers [Coas Sixty small ships to Sandwich )4 ra y J e o l an "Png l2O 100 composing the crews of the'Queen's ships of the port of London of the two Venetian ships of the other sea ports of th, t o W, e think it would be a valuable service render ernoir t 'eal literature he Canonof Gonzalez.if some scholar would transla '' t kahis promise was made in an article in the Atizen Itly — ',ing Vol. VII. of the Transactions of the Royal (S Ilistory, published at Madrid, under the above t ships bought or taken from the Venetians. k r , Blancheney and Clye, we conceive Blakenes ti;,:ulk, are meant. Walls, next mentioned, may me i e . :;a, Lynn towns on the same coast ; but we leave 1 ' e termined by our antiquarian friends. , tatoth”, tie • t e t n e r e s t: mean ; :12: ../11,1PX:ccE OF FRENCH FOLITENESS.—" The ro 4 ,"t, ness is vanity ; but it is politeness for all v v - s e r gaS a higher opinion of himself than his stat: f c „,rants, and endeavours to secure indulgence r;',, l 'ule by treating tenderly that of others. Th, ti'llee for want of understanding this peculiari and if their consequent rudeness is !,:I:oper manner they exclaim bitterly against the ur i servility and insolence ! When two beggars, off their hats, and inquire ceremoniously aft, (1 1 1. 1 01 10 another's madame, the English laugh. TI were addressed by them but a minute 1 10 , give a halfpenny to a poor devil!' and car It It People in such circumstances should think is precisely because they are poor devils that ti s is their only pride—their solitary consolatio; u e ,,?_ffs and buffets of this bitter world. God help ti , o " b ° would laugh , at their grimaces, except in ign( has church. The bondage of the house-servan nodegradat in it. They cannot understai l'ild insolent hauteur of English masters and mis t i " l t hat, although servants, they are men and won ; or rather they have no betters, except in t rellmstance of situation. A girl may be seen wa I qcle, and sometimes arm in arm, with her mistre t l t a r eet, and the familiarity engenders no contempt; e spectators there cannot be any doubt as to the ' c l i r _the parties, the maid confining herself scrupu gtess of her caste. In her application for the emi !rvant shows clearly the footing on which she dge• Sh e d oes not a d vert i se, ' Wants a place, e an, to do f or a f am il y ; 1 b u t, 4 M a d emo i se ll e J u „rstands pl a i n coo k ery , i s am biti ous o f un d er t a k ion of s ervant of all work; ' or, ' A demoiselle, of ' `,i't'e, and o f the highest respectability, has the h c ic' e sing to inanap the kitchen department.' "—I v r in9 B by the Loire. tigEWSPAPERS IN THE UNITED STATES.—Noth sip is perhaps more striking. than the rapid and r u o l u ata gh on th o e f w co h m ic m h u is m i t m y m by en m se e i ti : tel u l : s e °t e d sf i ;u n i g tfhoerra t h d a na t itliY : :f Great circulation Britain. A daily paps th e two guineas per annum. I saw them every ok t e i ;Mriting-rooms, as the merchants' offices are 1 ca r '"est stalls of the sons of Crispin ; and often th e 'ets reading their papers whilst waiting for a j Qat streets, or in small news-rooms purposely or theL°PPosite their usual stands. Advertising is pi tont,.%),as there is no duty on either materials, pu are t . - ' 18 ; and the facilities given to trade by this twi,„' e rY great. The newspapers of the great citi or f,;„ 4 day ; namely, at six o'clock in the mornir Frea t 'l . in the afternoon. The delivery is accor stapiditv, by numbers of active messengers. Int o t h' the papers are either thrust under the dooi k nock e areas, or even left upon the step, should tl of a se „ a _ot be immediately attended to; and during for h 'ant, or of the family, they sometimes rema are ; i t ' ll ', even in a crowded street or thorougl Press - ;Y° o l' as not to have their own newspaper. e a t: ' generally speaking, respectably conduc , '9; articles well written. European news is e °r tea, and is as eagerly read: but no namby-pa ,shionable movements, routes, and dinners, find he columns of American papers, such absurdities 4 „ e ld up to ridicule. In treating of political sul 1 e il ees must unquestionably be made for writers i h e ncee of party or strong national feelings ; but a koftered f o r th e illib eral abuse an d wilful misrei t,„which deli of the editors, when speaking . o 1 trlltry, ght to indulge.--I remarked an !rir (I °ll a l egotism in one of these journals, so egregiot feyresist giving it a place in these pages, althougl t t1i 4 4 ,, )- e -,-, n e t a jo u n se a smile at the expense of the author. tr A _ - 'oglish Tory press foolishly asserting that tho 4" - m -erica were devoid of interest, the sapient ocri t B ,Y,,e of revenge, launched into an hyperbolical f 11 a ; e44 I have extracted the following morceau :- cif ~,- vll that our papers are barren of interest to t thel l u, night assassinations, of accidents by flood Ptil t i' of strife and blood, and of titled proffige sh all , they (the English) originate." Mark how Pubhrt him down ! Within a few months from t. question. the same paper, among linat(lltlni g 4 et tl e a in nd. the every-day reports of the cou tour s plaonounce the horrid midnight murder of a tes —4.0 years and upwards, by a set of young m g getable connexions ; the blowing up, with con trn ine e ,%°f several steam vessels; the robbery of a `aced—Z. amount; the robbery of a mail, under i eornstances that one of the culprits suffers of several pirates, who not only plunder , eiot4naurdered the captain and mate ; and, lastly, t 114, 1 43 . f barrister, of highly respectable and gente ti t , "'Pug wearing apparel from the house in whic ),z. Iv far these crimes coincide with the classifie 4, , ,,..' W York editor, the reader will judge. Arne 'scam. I‘LtLER.