The Sun. — London, England, 1840-10-12 00:00:00

RV.ENING EDITION.' *CAPTAIN REYNOLDS AND LORD CARDIGAN. TO TEE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Cunyn g h ame , i n h er extreme anx i e ty t o !l- end herself and Lord Cardigan, and to crim.nate the rases agai ns t hi m, has written to the pu bli c - a Pelrs denyi ng t h at she was the curious woman, ;`7 I p r esented by t h e young l a d y. Thi s i s true , ' t Was her d aug h ter who used the language in ques -.46 7. I thi n k i t my duty to make this statement, as 4.erwiseraodin Mrs.Conyngh ;T ame's letter would have the effect b_ g the witness who attributed it to her with Lte character of a liar. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, Lo n 'lon s Sunday. COURT CIRCULAR. W j Re. • her I\l njestr SUNDAY.—This morning t 'lloo Albert, and the Duchess of Kent, attended i Th 1 ; 11 : 6 Service in the Private Chapel of the Cast e. 14 14 :". Dr. Short officiated and preached an eloquent .i 9 th j r '• takin g his text from Psalm .56, and part of the ,Yer se (-1 side." Dr. Elvey presided God is on my 1; 1 : , r gan. It'eYEtt Household also attended the Service. nt Q ueen, Prince Albert, and the Duchess of C a Promenaded this evening on the Terrace of the 1:7 4 for half an hour, attench-d by the Dowager Lady hlottleton, Lady Charlotte Dundas, Hon. Miss Murray, 1 14 1 : v 144 s Lister Lord Poltimore, Sir Robert Otway, gesd2eut.-Colo'nel Grey, Colonel Wylde, and Captain 63 04 Party afterwards walked in the Slopes for e t ittle ?loth • Bands were in attendance on the Terrace, and toncourse of people thronged the Promenade. to h e :Carl o f Erroll is expected to-morrow on a visit Ph Majesty. 11 !(1 r i c e Albert, attended by the Hon. Mr. Murray Wylde, passed the morning yesterday th e Forest. l'ark e : M ajesty and Prince Albert took a drive in the 44 4 : este rday afternoon, in a pony phaeton, followed 14 4‘t e oded by several of the Royal Household either rri,,,Ves o r on horseback. 3 'eate tr a uar nes Clark arrived at-the Castle at three o'clock Thr9abY afternoon, and left last evening. 14 ',Injel ar ! of Uxbridge had the honour of joining the - t , 11 1 , - T ,` r tio at dinner last evening. r tt tlorf; J uohes s of Kent, attended by Lady Charlotte ..41 1:# 4 1 1 -1 : 4 tived yesterday afternoon on a visit to her D uchess of Kent, attended by Lady Charlotte i , l qP4 al l le ft her residence, Ingestre House, Bei grave . 4 tot' s uortly bef ore t w elv e o ' c lock on Saturday, on a Il a j es . y , at `Windsor Castle. ttb..,Cabinet Co unc il was h e ld a t th r ee o'clock on beg s uaY a fternoon, at the residence of Viscount Mel etZle in South -street. the r Minister s present were —Vi scount M e lb ourne , lin t , (4 ,d Chancell o r, E ar l o f Cl aren d on , M arqu i s o f tlik-44D.Y, Viscount Palmerston, Lord John Russell, 110P11Ince11or of the Exchequer, Earl of Minto, Lord tla k Pd. th e Right lion. H. Labouchere, and the :v. VIC HOll. T. B. Macaulay. I"unt Palmerston came to town on Saturday morn lie; l?ansauger, Hcrts, the seat of the Earl Cow attend the Coun c il. t roth V li ght lion. H. Labouchere arr i ve d i n t own tit,te 'NY, and Lord Holland also came to town to he C ounc il from Reigate. C ouncil s at th ree h ours . Vi se until Ebrinelon arrived in town on Friday night ir 0 eland . tht C Chairman of the Excise had an interview with Ilancellor of the Exchequer on Saturday, at his residence in Downing-street. 4 41 " Marqui s of Normatiby arrived in town on Satur ..._lll°rniq from Hull. (lur, ` BB ION of KING WILLIAM 11. , OF HOLLAND. THP th e ,t 4▪ A GUE, Our. B.—A n extraor di nary supp l ement Pr ot c ' 3lll. metal paper (the Staets Courant) publishes the eatiZ.ation of King William 1., announcing his abdi k' "a likewise the following proclamation : 4 1 4 r,". William 11., by the Grace of God, King *;of the tit• herlands ' Prince of Orange Nassau, Gran Duke 1,74 .•, , Luxe mour g , &c. "" - Beloved countrymen, subjects of all ranks and • 4; 4b classes, 1 , 7 a Royal proclamation of my highly venerated ►, e4 rlY beloved f a th e r, you are made acquainted 41 11117f e iMportant and affecting event that our father hid. n $ hewed d own un d er the cares of a reign of 27 4 1 4 constantly dedicated to the welfare of the k u _ people of the Netherlands, and signalised by • - but al so b y many c h agr i ns, has re- Ittit'in his declining years, to transfer to me this day tit,6 s 7tettlt :t as k. All o f you d eep l y f ee l with me the W i lcuis which the country sustains by this abdication, Ffi-i l ia difficult it will be for me, his successor, to fill t ij ir e e of a King who, during a long course of years, titv ;V himself with so much wisdom to the pros- tue nation. Impressed with the i mportance _ o f lott ko i es now incumbent on me, I enter upon the Go bi% ti e 3" with a firm resolution to neglect nothing that, th e e divine blessing, may promote the happiness of Peo 1„ t P un and the gl or y o f the kingdom. t career on which I enter, the fundamental the Isi"ltt she e t- anchor of the lib erty an d happiness %tin eth b erlands shall be my constant guide, as solemn I shall Y emn oath on my inauguration in the /aolite• "' that I may attain this great object ., the pro tj,l°f tbe welfar e and the prosperity of the country 4141 nh e P"Ple Ishall n eed the confidence, the love, to th-"ei fidelit' y su bj ects . May I enjoy them to 41111-m r 4 "Me Y e o x f te i n n t as my revered and beloved 44 u,„' e t . irt;e the, King and people, strong in union, and 7 nit 113 ',2,assistance of the Most High, may look e ons to the future. 14 3' my beloved countrymen and subjects,. are 4tp u l 7e 3 and my expectations in this moment, which !itb 6 le me and important to us all. My actions shall, : 4 11 t h. c "I's help, confirm my words ; and, as it has been 1 , 11 t1ep ) , 4 , 44 to me to contend with th e sword for the ot.,,iwqTraicienclyf the Netherlands, I will henceforth &- faculties. %144 ,,, tu n , e"Bniand th a t th e p resen t p roc l a mati o n s h a ll b e •of in a solemn p ublic sitting of the High Coun 'us e;" ; e _, N etherl an d s , of the Provincial Tribunals, of tl ict tn al Trib una l at A mster d am , an d o f t h e Di s - Aititi. t r lb unals, as well as in the Town-halls of the Ca ltise,: the Provinces and Districts, where it shall like -544111:135ted up in the usual places, and lastly, that it inserted in the official journal. °tie at the Leo, this 7th day of Octcher, 1830. (Signed) " WILLIAM. " By the King. " VAN DOORN." ' 44 q l' (Signed) re. William, &e. 14 th A e a s uperio r an d i nfer i or civil officers, and all officers • 44 Ittieg rn , 7, the navy, and the militia, of whatever rank, Trfltdettloibnethetr present posts." tl rtle e Of i t 11 published, and signed as the preceding.) 0, 0 ;4 p 4C UE• OCT. 9.—The Minister for the affairs au A kt ru testant Church, has addressed a circular to V: tte,i est aht clergy, directing theta to put up prayers 4 ° tco u ktY: the 11th of October, to Almighty God, that i la rind " Pleased to endow the new King with wis ekketa.strength, and to give his blessing to his Go tilek- 11 %11 li e ei ar circular has been sent to the Roman Ca- Ilii h lte p ut The prayers in the Jewish Synagogue likitkli` uP on Saturday the 17th October. W I haf 4G UE• OCT. B.—His Majesty King William 004144 arrived this morning from the Loo, their , 441 4,,. e t ,2glicesses the Prince of Orange and Prince Ale x• vi W ar 'th th e i r a i des-de-camp an d sta ff s, t h e Mi n i ster a t - ') ee, -b the Generals commanding divisions of infantry, ,ht - Pander o f th e cava l r y, th e G overnor o f Maes rintice, u`, rep a i re d a t s i x o ' c l oc k to hi s M a j es ty' s Th e ; 4 1 took th e oat h o f a ll eg i ance . e r rrito,„ ri nse then wen t t o th e M a li e ban, where the olitt been drawn up, an d the Ki n g' s proclamation 4 11 e n read the troops and officers took the oath ied °Rim" ' Ns r C . Some minutes later his Majesty came, 141 ,_clas aa ceived with enthusiastic acclamations by the 4 , w e 1 9 the numerous spectators. , 14 I'V ear n that the following Ambassadors Extraor .vv a • ar e • illi a , a , appointed to announce the abdication of ~,T, t ,,... 7 and the accession of William 11. :- - crtio r ' l ' 4l o. Baron Von de Capelle, formerly Go , Ti, t o , f Indi a . 00 % ran ee* Count Van Zuylen, Van Nyeveld. Vhia llae ; German States, General Trip and M. • Ur th. GPeentininck, late Ambassador at St. Peters .,e_ral Trip is raised to the dignity of Count. D UTCH I UNDS.—.AIISTEADAM, OCT. 9.. li per Cent lAkititottt.o‘alltdsiDitttobts) ler cent. Money. Ball.. 46% 47!„, 1.14% 12 8 Uri 1411 / e" Zu I . :i 7 - ::: tai' I c , c ll . ap t: ey r r. Percent i n : t . a 6 % t s i per cent 11503 1 , 5 ,,,,Pi motto„,ltn i.,, 114 :' 4 11 d hi 37) 5 p er cent. ....... e Acha r - i — '. . Per cent ge on London, One month s , 12 -b utch p Twemonths „ , aPera, Oct. 10. Papers, t U NDS—BitussELs, OCT. a. Itkoetthul Debt, 2% per Cent. Lo a 7e/ 35 , 1 Loan, 5 per Cent l,O ~.......Z I bray Millions, 4 per Cent. _ ----------- 3 per iZ-- 4 , Thirty.seven Cent. 7"; ---__ ~ s o ,. . eitY• 0 532,1 per Cent. t , 4l,.. ,l l o ; f o B t ;o i n u l m me , r s c p e e , r 4 Ce p n e t r Cent .-9 li 9 74 ,i,,f4. nalSocrety. ..nange on London (short) B russels Papers, Oct. 9. Fiv e ., A...tMl RIAN FUNDS —Vi 'NNA G'T I rottrre'S'ents. hietalliques - • L ' C . 10514 Thr_ per Cents. t.„„, 7 Per Cents. 11.0 sh ares . •• ...... ......•" ........ . . ....,. ...... 77 • •••1//z e .,,,,,...-2; ;;; . E .. . T ia: . ii ......... 16..6 PRIUSSI AN " FLINDS. BERLIN, OCT 5 gt.g e h„ Bials. *, Money, PtursdZl. Sch., 45. per cent. 10:0,6 10a% giberian,.nglnih Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 100%, ..., ....p r Z_ .4 London, three months 6 16% 6 16% szan State Gazell, Oct. . 'l`. %XI! several proprietors of the Edi n b urg h ma i l G eri 'ikve thii Week rece i ve d not i ce f rom the Postmaster. ,tiroerl that their co ntracts br horsing that ma il w il l ex. tkiiU." th e sth o f A pril next. With what view this no. ir - not at present known to the coach -masters, THE REVENUE FOR THE YEAR AND QUARTER ENDI CTOBER 10, 1840. . No. I.—An Abstract of the Net Produce of the Revenue of Great Britain in the Years and,Quarters ended 10th of October, or Decrease on each head thereof. 839, and oth of October, 1840, skewing the Increase 1 Year ended Oct. I'. I Quarter ended Oct. 1 QUARTERS ENDED P YEAR QUARTERS ENDED Increase. 1 Decrease. I Increase. Decrease. , Oct. ended ~.... -....____„,_-.... „ .----.-....----„, „.____-.....------...--. , ,e Y en e rd. s el a d, , . Jan. 5, April 5, July 5, Oct. 10, 1 Oct. 10, Jan. 5, 1 April 5, July 5, 1 Oct. 10, ' 1839 1839 1839 18.11 1 183 ', 1810 1 18'0 181 , 1840 1810 ----- ---- - -__. , , ------- Customs,--Consolidated Duties 3,750,032 3,497,823 3,823,871 4,481,752 - 3,81'5,719 3,499,329 3,985,998 4,562,048 - - - - - Sugar Duty applicable to Consolidated Fund 493,323 1,645, 46 4 - - - 340,135 1,151,936 - - '-_ - -' Sugar Duty applicable to Supplies -1 100 1,104,356 450,423 - 1,293,254 - 973 - ,583 733,159 - ,--772- ,829 - 1 - - - _ -- , 0 -.- 0 I Total Customs 4,854,388 4,411,569 4, 4 71,331 5,77., 0 (6 1 19,')1: , ,29`; 4,779,305 4,572,6 S 3 .5,137,934 5,662, , a _,I )2,41. , 21:7,443 115,1:9 Excise ... 3,627,190 1,841,5 i t 2,576,3 ,I 4,113,159 ' 12,1:,2,174 3.497,‘ , 71 1,0:9,996 2,71 ',951 3,016,249 11,985,41 7 1 1f;6,704 196,C10 Stamps- 1,521, 'f,..3 L610,' , 53 1,617,413 1,6 , 9,721 6,59 , ,5 , 11 , 1,587,061 1,65 , ,15S 1,729,6Z1 1,751,417 6,726,! . 07 217,794 51,693 - Taxes.... 1,;,86,689 176,410 1,619,372 311,28 t 3, i I fl, 784 , j, -A !, 03 j19 , 0,s 1,647,808 332,507 3'x44,072 7 oe , 583 21,524 Post O ff ice 365,008 392,000 369,000 41+7,1;0 , 1,031,0 1 35'000 , 120,099 10',000 L 3,000 0 1:4,":9 - A0 2E4,000 Crown Lands... 40 , 000 40,000 40,060 40,000 160;110 1 t 40,'' 0 41., 1 110 42,500 45, , (.0 107,500 7,500 Miscellaneous 36,0 7 3- i;. 45 14,611 17, 6 54 MO,' 07 1 18,800 3'o 6 ,80 4,117 24,332 84,4;9 ...... 19,428 5,000 - 728 - --- -- - Total Ordinary Revenue 1 ',030,487 1,537,318 11,152,050 12,',60,826 4-1,1;86,C81 11,788,136 8,537,045 11,173,961 11,955,7,2 4 '051,171 491,325 1,025 ,132 84,945 L 96,039 Imprest and other Moneys 125,060 31 951 301, 6 25 41,126 4119,964 41,992 31,913 297,880 1P,999 454,784 ...... 45,181 41,573 - Re-payments of Advances ........... 99,969 •••••• 61,546 - -- ----- ----- _ Total Income i 4,349,263 8,691,957 11,656,137 12,612,297 45,342,654 1 12,01,01 S 8,679,714 1 11,857,836 12,1 i 1,_30 i 44,66 i," 98 1 43,325 1,170 , 18 1 6 - 7 : 85 126,518 J., The Amount applied to the Consoli- Deduct Deduct dated Fund , , Increase. Increase. Ditto, as Advances, and to pay off Ex- 4 3, 25 126,518 70,000 559,K2 chequer Bills, issued as Advances - Ditto, as part of the Ways and Means of the Year 0 ,70 2 ,860 2,64,249 4,890,913 3,016,972 12, 8 61,994 3,135,e83 916,825 4,95 8 , 2 % 3,359,051 $ 12,270,118 D ecrease on D ecrease on - - - --- Total 12,349,t63 1 8,694,957 1 11,656,137 12,64 - V9 7 15,f'4-?,654 1 1 12,00',018 8,679,71 4 11,867,8.36 12,111,230 :;44,615,". 98 1 ...... the Year. 676,951 ••• the Quarter 511,047 ••• No. IL-Income and Charge of the Consolidated Fund, in the Quarters ended the 10th October, 1839, and the 10th October, 1840, 1 Quarters ended July 5. , /.......-..------..........--.‘ 1 Quarters ended Ju y 5. INCOME. 1839 1810 CHARGE. /...--------___-, 3 1: 1 1 ,2 17 3: , 1 9 7 2 179 7 5 1 , 3 1 ,;1 1 . 0 8 7 . 1 1 1 : , 6 . 0 1 1 F4 7 9: Customs -Consolidated Duties 4,481,752 4,56',048 Permanent Deb' Sugar applicable to the , Terminable Annuities , Interest on Exchequer Bills issued to meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund ...................................................................................... Consolidated Fund •. ••• Sinking Fund Total Customs 4,481,752 4,56'2,048 , The Civil List - Other charges on the Consolidated Fund Excise ~ E ; i,, 5 66 71 56 31 2 5 5 , , , 9 , 7 4 3 -70 : ) 4 : : 00 9: 8 5 24 ; Stamps 1,61+9,724 1,751,417 ; Taxes The Surplus ...... 1r e t1 . f . tg: . ............................................. , ........................................ .. ................................ Post Office Crown Lands 49,600 45,000 1 Miscellaneous 1 7 ,654 24,382 1 11,599,219 1 11,180,159 - Imprest and other Monies 4 1 ,426 62,1-. 9 1 Repayment of Advances The Amount of Exchequer Bills issued to meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund for the Quarter ended July 5, 1840, 11,339,218 11, 1 30,139 1 and paid off out of the growing produce of that Fund tor the Quarter end e d O ctober 10, 1,40 7 ,510,270 The Amount issued in the Quarter ended October 10, 1810, in part of the sums granted by Parliament out of.the Consoli_ To Cash brought to this Account 1 dated Fund for Supply Services to be applied to pay off Deficiency The Surplus of the Consolidated Fund, Quarter ended October 10, 1810 8i115... 230,600 150,000 1 845,181 2,486,130 --- The probable amount of Exchequer Bills required to meet the charge on t h e C on so l ida t ed Fund, Quarter ended 11,599,218 11,P0,159 1 October 10, 1810 • ..... 5,024,110 LITERATURE. recently-published volumes. Mr. Bell, like his predecessor, speaks in the warmest terms of admi ration of the inhabitants of this mountain district. He found them, he tells us, frank, generous, hos pitable, inveterate in their hostility to the Russians, and determined rather to perish to a man, than submit to the despotism of their unscrupulous in vaders. As yet, though they have fought against overwhelming odds, they have had no great cause to despair of their independence ; but it is to be feared they must ultimately be conquered, should Russia persevere in her iniquitous purposes, for their numerical strength is utterly insignificant compared with that which Nicholas hat it in his power to bring to bear against them ; and their system of military tactics is, as may be conjectured, sadly inferior. We confess to a strong sympathy with the Cir cassians, for it is impossible not to admire and take a deep interest in the welfare of a band of moun tain warriors, who, unaided by any foreign Power, wholly unskilled in war as a science, and but scan tily furnished with arms and powder, have hitherto, despite these disadvantages, made good their ground, by the mere force of will, against the thousands and tens of thousands of fierce soldiery . that Russia has let loose, like so many blood hounds, against them. Mr. Bell's details of his voyage from Sinope—the birth-place, it may be remembered,. of that cynical old quack, Diogenes— to the coast of Circassia, is full of incident, and indeed is one of the most amusing chapters in his work. One of his fellow-passengers was, it seems, a Circassian shepherd, who played upon his pipe after a most Arcadian fashion, that will remind the reader of the pastoral musicians in the Bucolics of Theocritus and Virgil : One of the Circassians seems greatly to delight himself and Hassan, his eagle-eyed friend, by playing on a very simple instrument—a specks of mandoline. It is a stick about two feet long, hollowed out to the bark, an pierced towards the lower end with three holes. The upper•end has no mouth-piece, but the performer stopping balf of the circle of the tube with his lips and tongue, and blowing down the remainder, pro duces a few very sweet notes, some of which he accom panies with an inarticulate vocal sound. One of his favourite melodies has just eight notes, besides grace notes, and the three last are played on an octave below the rest. Hassan accompanies him with his voice, and beats time audibly to each note. Some of the melodies are much longer than the one I have mentioned. In general they are plaintive, but a few are lively ; and if, without knowing, I were asked what they were, I should probably have replied, old Scottish lilts. I have just learned that this pastoral musician is a Circassian shep herd, who has been in Turkey trying to get employment, and not having succeeded, is getting his passage home in charity. He looks like one who loves to live in the sun, but his features are good, and his teeth beautiful." After a narrow escape from two .Russian men-of war, who chased the vessel in which he was em barked for some hours, Mr. Bell reached the Cir cassian coast, anal was welcomed by the inhabitants in the most cordial manner. A. wealthy family, who resided near the shore, insisted on his imme diately taking up his abode with them ; ministered to all his wants : and, in fact, treated him as though he were one of their own dearest kinsmen. We quote his description of his first breakfast, which, in point of abut,dance, was equal to that which Louis the Eleventh set before Quentin Durward at the auberge near Tours : First, sweet cake and milk were served ; then, on a clean, wooden, four-footed tray, a great mass of thick paste, with a wooden bowl stuck in the middle, filled with a saucer of milk, walnut oil, and capsicums ; and around the paste on the tray, for there there are no plates, were arranged pieces of boiled kid, from which one of the sons helped me to the tit-bits. Next came a large bowl of grape-syrup and water, which was handed me as a specific for the di: estion of fat meat ; then suc ceeded a bowl of milk with paste mixed in it ; and I was more than already breakfasted, when there was served a large bowl of excellent kid broth, thickened with beans, &c., of which also 1 was obliged to taste. After we breakfasted, a Turkish stranger and my ser vant ; after them the father ofahe family who, before he began, handed two large pieces of the kid to his Rus sian serf, and then the sons, took the remains to their own house to breakfast there." Generally speaking, the Circassians are a fine, well-formed race of men, inured from earliest youth to hardships, and capable, in consequence, of en during the greatest privations. Mr. Bell says of them I have beets much struck by the number of fine•looking men. Their characteristics are lofty stature, great breath of chest and brawniness of shoulder, a thin flank, a small foot, and keen lively eyes. It may justly be said here, man is the noblest growth this realm supplies." One of Mr. Bell's most familiar associates was an old warrior named Shamuz, a cheerful, intelligent com panion, and full of anecdotes respecting his past military career. Here is one of his personal remi niscences : " He says that some years ago, be and a few others crossed the Kuban on an expedition against the Rus sians, when they were attacked by superior numbers ; and one of their party, a very brave chief, fell shot throngh the neck. The wound appeared mortal, and as it was im possible for them in their haste to transport his body across the Kuban, they left it concealed among the long grass and reeds on the banks of the river, bringing away his arms and his horse for his family. His family had deplored his death ; the females had performed the Circassian wake, which clamourous ceremony resembles the Fish one, and a great assemblage of his friends were receiving compensation before hand for their prayers for his soul, in an abundant feast, when they were scared from it by the apparition of the lamented chief himself, in ghastly guise, his clothes torn and bloody, and his throat rudely bandaged. After con vincing them he was not his ghost, he narrated to them that, on recovering his senses, he found himself alone among the reeds, and all his arms gone except his knife, with which he cut up his clothes, and staunched with them the bleeding in his neck ; he then swain the river, and with great difficulty regained his hamlet I From the above extracts our readers will be en abled to glean some idea of the character of Mr. Bell's work, It is livelily and good-naturedly writ ten ; and assuming that its details are not over charged—and we have no reason to suppose that they are—we infer from them that the mountain tribes of Circassia are among the most frank, hos pitable, patriotic, and courageous races of men in Euror e PEACE OR WAR QUESTION. QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CXXXII. Murray. London, 1840. The most elaborate and eloquently written article in the present Number of the Quarterly Review is that on Mr. Carlyle's works—a writer who has achieved a certain amount of popularity, quite as much by his eccentricities as by the sheer force of his genius. The Reviewer speaks of him in terms of marked respect, but at the same time points at tention to his failings, and shows that as a great philosophical guide he is by no means to be fol lowed in a blind, unquestioning spirit. Mr. Car lyle is a bold, subtle thinker, as his Essay on Char tism denotes in every page ; but he frequently ex presses himself so ambiguously, and in such a vicious style—and this, too, on matters of infinite moment—that we are able to do little more than just guess at his meaning. For one strongly marked feature in his writings, however, he de serves all the praise that his warmest eulogists can lavish on him. He has a strong sympathy with struggling men of genius, even w lien, as in the case of Dr. Johnson, he scarcely holds one politi cal opinion in common with them. We have a vivid recollection of his portrait of the sage of Bolt court, which is remarkable, not less for its correct appreciation of character, than for the fine catholic spirit that pervades it. Alluding to Mr. Carlyle's defects of style, the Reviewer expresses himself justly and forcibly as follows : Mr. Carlyle has disdained the easy beaten track, and struck out a new taste in writing, combining, we had almost said, all possible faults, and yet not unlikely to become popular. We have no intention of relapsing into the superficial criticisms of a by-gone day, and re garding style as the most important part of composition. But Mr. Carlyle himself knows, and has taken pains to illustrate a great truth, that between the internal spirit of thought and the external form into which it is cast, there is a vital connexion, as between soul and body. If the spirit is clear, simple, unaffected, unambitious, equable, earnest, and conscious of truth and sincerity, the words which it utters, even though unpolished and illiterate, will present a similar perspicuity, simplicity, and natural eloquence. There will be few of what are called quaintnesses—no flippancies—no strange, abrupt transitions from high to low, from the solemn to the ludicrous—little that is grotesque. Such a man will not deal with words as with counters, which he may toss about and huddle together at random, merely to ex press his own chance conceptons ;—he will use them with caution and reverence as living things, which can not be emptied of their] own power, or be thrown to the world to be the passive symbols of him who uses them, but have their own significancy, and do their own work, and enter into the minds of others to turn and bend them in a mysterious way, so that he who deals with words is dealing with things, and not only with things, but persons. His very language will be to him as a living being, as a minister of God, with which he dares not trifle ; but must act towards it reverently, and send it out on its mission with a chastened and quiet heart. So men in the presence of their superiors corn pose their countenance and dress into order and sim plicity ; and just as we should juege of the character of a state-officer who, when engaged in some high duty, appeared before his sovereign with a torn or soiled dies?, o r some strange fanciful cost ume of his own invention —we judge of a writer who, when employed in convey ing truth to the public mind, is neglectful of the dress in which he clothes it, or forces it into some uncouth, misshapen, and tangled masquerade habit, which, if it indicates vigour and wealth, shows the one chiefly by convulsions, and the other by an ill-regulated extrava gance. SPIRIT OF THE FRENCH JOURNALS OF FRIDAY AND SATURDAY. (From the Ministerial Cannier Francais.) The Chambers arc convoked. The country will de termine, by the organ of its representatives, upon a po sition which the most resolute regard with anxiety. Peece or war, honour or disgrace, the independence or subservience of the nation—that is what the Deputies will have to decide upon. We hope that they will re frain, in that formidable experiment, from party spirit and personal interest. If the debate which is about to open should take that course—if the Chamber, in such critical circumstances, were to forget the importance of its mission—it would be an end to representative go vernment. in noticing Mr. Carlyle's work on Chartism — which, by the bye, has this radical blemish, namely, that it points out a grievance, while it makes no mention of a remedy—the Reviewer is led to the subject of democratic forms of Go vernment, speaking of which he observes, " a Parliament democratically constituted has abdicated independence ; and a Ministry dependent on a majority in such a Parliament, and a Monarch who can act only through such a Ministry, are vir tually nothing. They are puppets and machines. According to this reasoning, the less the popular influence is felt in a national assembly, the better it will be for the people. Such were the arguments used during the discussion of the Reform Bill, by almost all who opposed that measure ; but experi ence has proved their fallacy, and none but the most infatuated party zealots can now refuse to admit that the people have never been so equitably governed as since the downfall of the borough mongers, when the majority of Members were for the first time made immediately and directly re sponsible to the people. In the review of " Ac land's Plains of T 1 oy," a subject is discussed of little or no moment, for who cares to know the exact site of the old City of Priam, or whether or not—which is exceedingly doubtful—there ever was such a city ? The poetic merit of the Iliad is no way concerned in the question, which, regarded even in a geographical light, is utterly without importance, except to that matter-of-fact class of readers whose minds are rather of a pa dantic, than a scholarlike, turn. " Modern Eng lish Poetesses" is a notice of the works of some of our most eminent living female authors. The Reviewer writes in a kindly, animated spirit, as though his task were a labour of love ; and singles out for special praise, Mrs. Southey, Mrs. Norton, and Miss Coleridge, of whose genius he gives se veral unequivocal proofs, in the shape of extracts, by way of justifying the faith that is in him. Mrs. Norton, however, is the principal object of his cri tical admiration, and he observes of her, that she " has very much of that intense personal passion by which Byron's poetry is distinguished from the larger grasp and deeper communion with man and nature of Wordsworth." In the review of the " Life of Sir Samuel Romilly," though its general character is favourable to this eminent lawyer, yet there are some touches of religious intolerance which greatly . detract from its interest. To our thihking, Romilly was a Christian in the most ex alted and comprehensive sense of the term. " The Fine Arts in Florence" is a pleasant paper, but there is rather too much of it. The Reviewer should have borne in mind that enough is as good as a feast. Altogether, this Number of the Quar terly is neither better nor worse than the majority of its predecessors. A JOURNEY ROUND MY ROOM. Thowas, London, 1840. JOURNAL OFCA A SS IA S I D Vo IENCE IN CIR- .Ls. Aloson, London, 1840. Mr. Bell, the author of these volumes, is the same gentleman, the seizure of whose merchant vessel, the Vixen, by the Russians, made so much stir in Parliament two or three years ago. He has since travelled in Circassia, where he resided a con siderable length of time, familiarising himself with the manners and customs of the inhabitants, and exercising no slight influence over their chiefs ; and the re s ults of his observations are recorded in the work before us, which is intelligent, interesting, and, we doubt not, trustworthy, though it adds little to what we already know on the subject of Circassia, through the medium of Mr, Longworth's In this little work, which is a translation from the French of De Maitre, there. are some traces of ingenious thinking ; it is, however, too evi dent an imitation of Ste rne s manner,. with whose writings the author app ears to be thorou g h ly ac quainted ; but, like most imitators, he has co_ pied,not so much the excellencies, as the affectations of " Tristram Shandy.'' The translator has exe cuted his tack with very tolerable ability. STATE OF TIIE REVENUE.--The Observer of yesterday morning c ontained, exclusively, the Quar terly Revenue Tables complete. A Monday Edition of the Observer is regularly published on Monday afternoon, at Four o'clock, which Monday Edition is best adapted for the country and to send abroad. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 12. 1840. I transmitted to the effect that the frigates now fitting out I should be in the roads on the 15th, and that the Ocean, Marengo, and the Souverain should be ready to sail at a moment't notice. Two steam-boats, one destined for Alexandria and the other for Constantinople, were waiting for Government despatches. The National Guard of the port and city of Toulon, consisting of nearly 5,000 men, was in the course of re• organization, and considerable activity was manifested in preparing ammunition. The majority may declare itself against the Ministry, but it must be for the public good. Let an opposition be formed in the name of a resolute policy ; let it have leaders, a standard, and a system of action, and we shall find it very natural that that opposition shall dis pute the retention of power with these who possess it at the present time. But if the Ministry had only be fore it but a miserable csbal, composed of some mean individuals who are discontented at having their repose disturbed, it would be worthy of the Bas empire. The press could not sufficiently castigate that intrigue d'an tichanzbre which would be at its zenith when the cannon was roaring abroad. We hope that the Elective Chamber will be what it ought to be. The Deputies, if they hive the good sense to listen to the wishes and observe the sentiments of the population, will arrive penetrated with what the country owes to itself with respect to Foreign Powers. Those who have met with a peaceable and decided pa triotism, even in the smallest huts, will tot be able to evince weakness and indecision. Reason and courage must be united in their resolutions, and that Europe that contemplates them may feel that their hand neither trembles, nor that their emotions affect their hearts. It is quite enough for a Chamber to receive the de serters as well as the conspirators of the Juste Milieu. The Peers assume a decided hostile attitude. Some old Generals are mentioned, and those who allowed the Empire to be ruined and the Emperor to be banished, who would resume their eclogue on the douceurs of peace. M. Mole would be prepared to give us his opi nion on the Eastern Question. M. Villemain would ar range some display for the Tribune. The Ministry would at last be enguiphed in a mass of written speeches. That couloir conspiracy gives us (we must say so) very little uneasiness, and will not cause much embar rassment. It will be a libel and nothing more. The Chamber of Peers has never made a Ministry. It will not dislodge the present one. should M. Thiers deem it advisable to retain office. The position is too im portant for men of feeling who have to answer to the country for the line of conduct which its affairs have assumed to allow themselves to be branded with sordidness or personalities. We are ignorant as to whether the Ministry will ex it - bbVtintrthid - fftire - operetionir of- the two Phestsbeirs4 but there is reason to hope. -that it will ttt. jea4,ggspi4e4 with them by a projected system. .In the rne4ntimg there is no inactivity in tire work of organization: -- Vic President of the Council, whose activity is truly inde fatigable, superintends all the details, When the Chambers meet there will be an army in France, and an army provided with horses, artillery, am munition, and clothing ; the fortifications of Paris will be commenced, and there will be a respectable fleet be tween Toulon and Algiers : we shall have the free dis posal of our forces, and such a prodigious execution will have been accomplished in the space of three months. Even if the Ministry of the Ist of March had only rendered that service to the country, it would be justified in sneering at the impertinent comparisons which arc sometimes sought to be established between it and its predecessors. The Constitutionnel relies upon the antecedents of the Deputies, and considers them fully bound by their former speeches to sanction the policy of M. Tnicrs. To support this assertion th e C ons ti tu ti onne l quo t es ex tracts from addresses made at the tribune by various orators in 1839. It particularly instances those of Jou ro, Dupin,Carne, and ff De To MM.B ectu orr e 3 v , c i r lle. ,G uizot iDc " The warlike sentiments of these speakers," says the Constitutionnel, " were warmly applauded, and under the influence of these inspirations, the Chamber voted, by a majority of 313, against 26, the credit of 10 millions of francs demanded by the Soult Cabinet to in crease the naval forces in the Mediterranean. Events justified this vote, and the preparations commanded by the Deputies have been continued by the I st o f March Ministry (Thiers). The measures of wise p rec aution which the Chamber had judged necessary the Cabinet had only completed. The system of defence which the Deputies recommended, the Ministry had developed and extended. Pressed by circumstances, the Ministry had exec uted what had been suggested. What the Depu ties wished has been done, and what is now doing they will equally sanction (ifs le voudront):' The Siecle, which is also a Thiers organ, goes still further. " If," it says, " disgraceful calculations, arising either from cowardice or from resentment, have been defeated by one common effort against the enemy wh o made upon the weakness of th e Chamber, they must be threatensif the Chamber shou ld be faint hearted,dissolved amidst the acclamations it us would ; ukaind, be of the whole of France." It is quite evident, from the conflicting tone of the Ministerial papers, that the Cabinet has little or no expectation of a favourable vote from the Chamber, and t linisterial organs, what confirms this view is that the organs of M. Thiers at ti ar whichm e . a r A y r G a g e o - , arc preparing his place aisnchwriheifchhoefitOpp?pinotsistlount whyithregnreewa-t ing the old warfare upon the exercise of the 1Z; --ng's pre war against the very Parliament rogetive. In fact, the coalition is revived with viru lence against Royalty. The Debuts has a very forcible cY f ° T . oulouse has a long report of article felicity on th e this inc s o u n b si j s e t e c t n , at tacking its own favouritien ‘ i ' t er h n a m s j e u n s t t , b co y n d v e o c k l e a ( r i i . ng of The Emancipation ? that pi a t town, a a reform manifestation the great gun. Th e f o ll ow i ng were the astronomer, was some of the toasts a n d e triumph of democracy." Ts) the principle id Oct est, revolution)." " To perseveranc e ro the people p , " To the alliance o f gand " To the democratic p p " To the revolutionary Propagandism, which is to re bel. jade u p c h n e r e nee, and Poland her na store to Italy tionality. To Gerrna?Y and F free unity, and to Spain democracy. To Belgium cc abroad One country. To France her preponderan , and the sovereignty To the o of the people at horne• viii ppressed people whom give enaancipation. To the the first cannon shot National Coeventinns the (..ommeice Th e supplement s follo wing very warlike ar ticle : " A foal Ilea of Arrangement, which was in negotia past, by means of which it was hoped tion for some days question to terminate the Easter'pacifically, has just Fad it is affirmed in the • • completely failed, an e wisteria( Cabinethas finally decided upon making circles that our Cab' use of more energeticlanguage. At the same time or ders had been given to naval. officers wh o arc a t P ar i s to leave within forty - eight hours for their respective posts. Ad m iral Lal onde, who had obtained permission to pass a wee ' or t" in Moas will his family has been elf rea dy to proceed to sea within a warned to hold ..d le it is sai that otders have been for few days. Final y, _ H ova to warded to Admiral ne occupy the port of Can dia by the French squadron, and to pass the winter there. Has the ap proach of the S ess i on i nsp i re d t h e Ministry with c ourage to undertake these half mea sures ?" The Toulon correspondent of the Marseilles papers writes on the 3d inst., that the telegraph had been at. ork during t h e whole 01 the day. Orders had been SPAIN. DINNER TO ESPARTERO. (From the Corresponsal of the 3d inst.) At the dinner of 150 which was given yesterday to to Duke de la Vitoria the following toasts were pro posed :—The Duke de hi Vitoria—" To our Queen, our constitution, our national independence, and our liberty." Senor Linage—" To the manifestation of the Ayuntamicnto and population of Madrid, who have just withdrawn the veil from the supporters of despotism." General San Miguel—" To the manifestation of the Ist of October, which will be an epoch in our history, and form one of its brightest pages." Senor Laborda— " To the virtuous Spaniard, the devoted patriot, who being penetrated with the noble feeling of that national manifestation will knew how to direct it with success, and consolidate it without delay, embracing with can dour, resolution, and firmness all its consequences, in order to free the nation for ever from its evils." Senor Ofozago made a long speech, in which he examined the position of the country and that of the future Govern ment, and stated that the present independence was the history of the past and of the future prospects ; but, said the speaker, we must not stop there. It is not sufficient to shake the influence of a Cabinet ; the new Government must yet understand all the importance of its mission, which we cause to be respected abroad, and ensure at home to the nation all that nobody has yet been able to give it. Tie speech of Senor Gonzales may be thus summed up :—The glory of nations is for them a means of power and aggrandisement, and a compact against the unjust pretensions of foreign Governments. In the war of independence the Spanish nation has acquired noble titles of glory, by fighting heroically against the le gions of Napoleon which subjugated Europe. Against the con,tancy and valour of Spaniards the power which had caused thrones to tremble, and whieb ruled over Continental policy, is about to eschew. But that glory, acquired by the nation contending for its independence and liberty, has been neither great nor complete. Liberty and independence bad died away at the moment when they ought to have been consolidated for aver, and the triumph of despotism was the death of the nation. The glory was not com plete, because the name of a faithful and powerful n Ition figured in the contests at the side of ours, and our armies obeyed a foreign General (Wellington). But now that we have fought and conquered the legions of ignorant despotism, and opposed with our own forces and without a foreign army the perfidious influence of the Governments of Europe, our glory is complete. The Spaniards alone have conquered national indepen dence and liberty, thanks to the triumph of a valorous army, commanded by a General who was animated by honour, devotion, and the desire of enlarging'his coun try. "To the glory of the nation, to the brave Duke de la Vitoria, and to the heroic Spanish Army !" Senor Caballero—" To the hero of La Mancha, whose name will resound to the whole uni verse, as did that of a fabulous hero in another manner (Don Quixote)." Senor Lopez delivers in favour of the manifestation of the Ist of September a speech of which the follow ing is a resume :—Our noble and generous revolution will he no doubt calumniated by some bastard children of our soil, and by foreigners, jealous and eternal enemies to our glory. I wish that from the summit of the Pyrenees some descendants of the Marats and itobespierres should come and assist at the most magni ficent spectacle—that. of a magnanimous nation which rises without confusion, and which triumphs, but with out persecution—which does not take life in its vie tory.—(Thunders ofvapplause.) Yes, our vengeance for us has been generosity. Our guillotines for us (nuestras guillotines) have been the triumphal arches erected to receive the conqueror of a hundred battles ; our lanterns have been the torches and illuminations lighted to celebrate the most brilliant of victories—that of a nation oppressed by an oppres sive Government." General Espartero's feelings were excited to the highest pitch when the orator, enume rating our guarantees, said :—" We have faith in the hero who, after having given peace to Spain, is called to fulfil the high mission of uniting and consolidating for ever its destinies. That is the last title to be asso ciated to so many others already deserved. The laurels reaped on the fiehl of battle dazzle with the glory which surrounds them, but, being tainted with blood, they always present something to view which causes a shudder. The olive civic crown, the symbol of peace and happi ness, is the most precious object which can be offered to philosophy and humanity. Senor Nfodesta de la Fuente, the editor Del Fr, Gcrundio, read is composition against the enemies o our cause and our glory. That document contained al. fusions against Louis Philippe and his Government. Senor Arguelles made a speech in praise of- Espar tero, and compared him to Pompey and Washington. Sgpior,,G9l4qz., Beceora gave the toast " Liberty or aeati3 - "' new - ifinistet4; ivho were called upon by Senor Caballero, who urged them, before leaving Madrid, to give a simph., summary of their programme, replied in the following manner :—Senor Ferrer called to mind the compromise of the 7th of July, and the posterior acts, offering guarantees to the Liberal party. Senor Cortina congratulated himself with having taken arms on the Ist of September, and declared that he wished to reap the fruits of that manifestation. Senor Opintanar stated in verse that a fresh regency must be appointed, the Senate suppressed, the Constitution modified, and a preference given to the people over royalty. Spain then would not have to fear the Camarillas. Toasts were given to the Constitution of 1837. Senor Gonzales read some verses, in which he hopes that the Camarilla will fly and conceal itself. Senor Madoz celebrated in verse the law defended by the anarchists, the order preserved by the rioters, and the property respected by the sans culottes. Senor Gonzales gave—" To the people of Madrid, who have no need of fortifications like the Parisian popula tion."—(Great laughter.) Senor Felice called to mind the oath sworn to by Don Baldonero Espartcro to the Constitution, and the fidelity with which he had kept it. It was ten o'clock when the company departed. PORT UGAL. liberty of the p re ss, in order, should the Administra tion hold together until that period, or the Charnb:'rs not dissolve themselves by the desertion of their ttrem bers (who are tired out) to their respective homes, to continue their oppressive restrictions until the opening of the ordinary Cortes, the 2d of January, 1841. " It is said that the President of the Council, Mi nister at IVar, and, ad interim, for Marine, and the Mi nister of the interior, Count de Bomfim, have fallen un der the displeasure of the Palace Camarillo, and that Counsellor Deitz even keeps them a la distance by not even condescending to exchange words with their Ex cellencies. A pending change is looked forward to. " The French Envoy at this Court, the Baron de Varenne, has been recalled, and will shortly depart. His Excellency's removal, it is presumed, is consequent upon a complaint having been made of an undue inter ference, contrary to the working of the present Cabi-, net, coupled with the La Coquette war corvette hav ing proceeded to Tangiers, and there landed the ring leaders of the cmeute of the night of the 11th of August last, who have subsequently found their way into Ayamonte, contiguous to the borders of the Al garve, where they arc promoting the desertion of the Portuguese troops. " The budget has been brought under discussion ; the Ministerial Deputies, it would seem, are bent upon iro nical economy, for the sake, no doubt, of saving, if pos sible, their Parliamentary reputation ; they talk of eco nomy, commencing by augmenting the annual salaries of the Under Secretaries of State of the various public de partments from 800,000 reis to 1,000,000 reis ; their immediate and other departmental officers from 600,000 reis to 700,000 reis ; while the poor subordinates, who are saddled with the drudgery, are still to hang on upon miserable pittances—a circumstance which, as may be supposed, has created great dissatisfaction among these classes. This determination has added to the onus of the Treasury another yearly increase of 200 contos de reis (45,0001. sterling). An animated debate took place whether or not the Government should be authorized to continue the customary grant of 30 contos de reis (7,000/. stering) every year to wards the support of the Italian Opera of San Carlos, which the pseudo economists were for discontinuing, and thereby closing the only effective amusement in the metropolis ; the majority, however, appeared in favour of its being kept open, which was ultimately carried. " The project for the restrictions on the liberty of the press was passed, after having been severely handled by the Baron da Ribeira de Sabroza, in the Senate. The Viscount de Sada Bancleira during the Session se verely censured Ministers for not having 3ct raised the suspension of the guarantees effecting personal liberty and the press, but without any result. The plan for raisin.- a loan of 500 contos de reis, by mixed operations, has been passed in that Chamber. " The law that all citizens,- creditors of the State, may legalize and establish their right to all just debts, contracted with the nation previous to the 24th of July, 1833 (the restoration of the Queen's authority), within the prefixed time of two years, received the Royal assent on the Ist inst. " The first instalment of 240 contos de reis (about 50,000/. sterling) of the British Government, under the Convention of the 19th of January, 1827, on ac count of expenses incurred by the Commissariat depart ment in the purchase of supplies for the British troops, from the Ist of January, 1527, to the 31st of March, 1828, amounting, with the interest of 5 per cent. per annum, up to April, 1840, to 173,030/. 16s. 2d. ster ling, was on Friday last deposited by the Treasury in the Lisbon bank, at the disposal of the British Go vernment. " The Judge delegate,' M. Gonzalo Telle de Magal hays Coleco, against whom the Minister of Justice, M. Costa Cabral, entered a prosecution in the High Court of Judicature, for having resisted his being trans ferred in that capacity from Lisbon to Beja, has been acquitted by 11 out of 12 Judges, who preferred judgment against that Minister's arbitrary proceed. ings, as being contrary to the dispositions and in mani fest violation of the Constitutional code. This decision has been considered of paramount interest, and excited much sympathy among all respectable classes. " Government received by telegraph on Thursday last, that the Judge of the district of Carrezedo in Traz os Montes, a stanch Miguelite, and brother to the Baron da Ribeira de Sabroza, had been assassinated at Villa Real on the previous day. " Arrived, on the 3d inst., the Braganza steam packet, from London and Falmouth, with the mail of the 27th ; the Iberia steam-packet, from Gibraltar and Cadiz, on the 4th. The Camelion French war-steamer, from Rochfort, on the sth, put in for coals, bound to the Mediterranean. " Sailed on the. 3d, the Iberia steam-packet for Cadiz and Gibraltar. " Foreign Ships of War in the Tagus.—La Coquette corvette, French : Espoir brig, British. " Exchange upon London at 30 days' sight, 531 a. per milrei ; discount on ex paper money 60 per cent. CHINA. EXTRACT OF A PRIVATE LETTER FROM MR. MARE MOSS, BRITISH MERCHANT, TO Ins PARTNER IN LONDON. " SINGAPORE, JUNE 20. " In addition to the foregoing,.l have to inform you that the Admiral (Elliot), from the Cape, arrived here on the 16th instant, and sailed for China on the 18th. I bad an audience with him through an introduction of the Governor of this place (Mr. Bonham), and he told me that my case (the Black Joke barbarities) should be looked into as soon as possible. I now wish you to keep Lord Palmerston's mind open upon my losses in China ; I also request you to make inquiries as to what, or if any, measures the Government means to adopt re specting the six Lascars who were murdered in the Black Joke on the night I received such barbarous treatment, and escaped with the loss of one of my ears. " M. M." EGYPTIAN STATISTICS. A report upon Egypt and Candia has lately been ad. dressed to Lord Palmerston by Dr. Bowriag, and pre sented to both Houses of Parliament by command of her Majesty. The report includes almost every in:- portant subject connected with the condition of those countries ; but the portion which possesses most inte rest at the present moment is that which relates to the resources of Egypt—the number, condition, and charac ter of its population, and the strength, discipline, and disposition of the navy and military force, together with the available amount of the munitions of war and of the revenues of the-State. The total population of Egypt is estimated by the Go vernment at 3,20(1,000 souls ; but Dr. Bearing " found it impossible to come to anything like a certain calcula tion" upon the subject. He states, however, as the opinion of those who arc best informed upon the subject, that the number of the population ranges from 2,000,000 to 2,500.000, and that the females are to the less worthy part of the community in the ratio of two to three. The classes which principally make up the mass of the population are Turks, Mahornedan Fellabs, Chris tian Copts, Franks, and Levantines. The Turkish race rarely perpetuates itself in Egypt, as the children invariably die, and the Turkish population is kept up by an importation of Mamelukes. The Turks, however, though comparatively few in number (between 18,000 and 20,000 altogether), have nearly a monopoly of all the considerable situations of an official character in the country, and this principle is carried so far, that " it is scarcely allowable even to send a message to a person in authority by an Arab servant." The Fellaheen comprises nearly all the agricultural population of Egypt, and are the class from which the Government draws all its soldiers, artisans, and labourers. This im portant part of the people is characterised by the re port as being submissive to authority, gay, joyous, careless of the future, and contented with little. The Fellah is distinguished for the mildness of his temper, the resignation of his disposition, an intense love of peace, and an equally intense horror of everything con nected with a military life, to avoid which he inflicts upon himself the most dreadful mutilations, and even abandons his native village in the valley of the Nile, although his affection for the locality is such that in absence he speedily perishes of the homeache, whilst even surrounded by the excitement of an army, in which he enjoys a far larger amount of material and animal comforts than he could possess at home, and in which the wives, mistresses, and parents of the conscripts arc allowed to accompany them. Amongst such a popu lation the consequence of the conscription is that it de • privet; agriculture of more men than it produces to the army, an effect which is increased by the oppressions committed in what may be called the relation of landlord and tenant, and which is still further heightened by the dreadful practice of rat:Oa-ion, which deprives the wretched object of those members without which he is equally unfit for the situation of a husbandman or a sol iedifficult to imagine anything very for midr;ble It (tois very European forces, at least) in an army d com posed of such materials. The character of the Fel labs was, however, of singular advantage to Mehemet Ali in the execution of his project for introducing Eu ropean military tactics into the army of Egypt. Upon this subject Dr. Bow ring says,— " The tractable and gentle character of the Egyptian Fellahs made them docile instruments o forbr:n - ging about s o remarkable an alteration ; and if, is , a to the nce theone hand, their l soil a a n t d t a l e h i i g e attachment—strong, s tron producedg, almosta vi violent res idolatrous—to their so consc ription which removed them from n their homes ; on the other, their presence in the country was rarely ac companied with such acts of v i o l ence ge nerally marked the conduct of the and rapine as m amelukes. The sol diery became prott eters i ns t ea d of destroyers of property; they formed pat t of a structu.rle of social improvement, which, with some attendantevi brought an incompara bly greater porti on of benefits. The effect of this better organisation has been immense Even in the populous PORTUGUESE NEWS. parts of Egypt, bcfore theti • me of Mehemet Ali,the re was " A divergency exists in the Cabin et as to the most \ little security for life or property ; in the Desert none proper time for Proroguing the Cortex, some of its mem- whatever. But the Bed • who easily resisted bere being of opinion that it should take place Immo- the irregular troops of theowllnlsa,melukes, or Janissa: diately, and others that it would he better to spin it out. \ ries, scarcely beater disciplined than th emselves, found until the 15 th of the ensuing m onth, the expiration of them se l ves una bl e to withstand the artillery, cavalry, the prolonged suspension of the Habeas Corpus, and and infantry, who, by their manaiuvres, were enabled ACCOUCHEMENT OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN DONNA MARIA. LISBON, OCT. 5, 2 O'CLOCk. r. m.—A. gloom has been spread over the Luzitanian capital by tho un happy accouchement of her Majesty the Queen, who :vas delivered yesterday forenoon, at a quarter before I 1 o'clock, of a Princess, who, I regret to state, did not survive beyond some minutes. The following supplement to the Diario di Govrrno was issued late last evening : " PALACE OF NECESSIDAPES, OCT. 4, 11 A. lit. — Her Majesty the Queen began to feel the pains of la bour at three o'clock yesterday morning. They con tinued during the day, excepting at intervals. Up to three o'clock this morning - there were hopes of a happy delivery. " Since that time there began to appear indications of difficulty, which became more alarming about seven o'clock, A.M. Under such circumstances, the physi cians and surgeons of the Royal Household, who from the commencement had been in attendance upon her Majesty, decided that it was indispensable to cause an extraction of the foetus by artificial meats. This was effected at about three-quarters past JO to-day, with the most favourable resu!ts, as regards the preser vation of the important life of her Majesty. The In fanta was extracted with sufficient signs of life to receive the rites of Baptism. Her Majesty bore the operation with the greatest courag9 and resolution, and is at this hour free from any other inconvenience excepting that unavoidably attendant upon so lanicntable a delivery. " Baron de ALME WA, Counsellor' " FRANCISCO SOARES FRANCO. "IGNACIO ANTONIO da FONCECA BE. NEVIDES, Effective Household Physician. " FRANCISCO ELIAS RODRIQUES do SILVEIRA, Physician of the Royal Household. " MANOEL CARLOS TEXEIRA, Surgeo❑ of the Royal Household. "ANTONIO JOAQUIM FARTO, First Sur geon. "JOAQUIM da ROCHA MAZAREM, Sur geon of the Royal Household." BULLETIN. (From the Diane di Governo of this day.) " Palace of Necessidades, Oct. 4, 8 o'clock p.m. " Iler Majesty the Queen continues as well as could be expected under existing circumstances, there being no symptoms which create the least alarm. Baron de ALMEIDA, Physician to her Ma jesty the Queen. " Dr. KESSLEB, Physician to his Majesty the King. " N. 13.—8 y mistake the name of Dr. Kessler in the supplement of yesterday was left out." I have this moment, three minutes to two o'clock, received a message direct from the Palace of Nccessi dades, which left exactly a quarter of an hour since, con vey-iug the highly gratifying and pleasing intelligence that her Majesty the Queen passed a good night, is now considerably better, and doing exceedingly well. The Royal Infanta will be embalmed this after neen, and the funeral state procession will leave the Pa lace for the church of San Vicente de Fora, the place of interment, to-morrow, at three o'clock, P. 111* PVtNING EDITI iper 1 A u ally to overtake, and vwc o rhy f e te re r e : vce t or o utn s ht ur e e y r n 1 r a n ou d t:t rie h o. ne o g brought ftohre ns .it ee Te w shs i e t rhe which them, c s ceased d to be an impunity e for the,. surround M 74 V went, a re and his sheikhs themselves t of their tribes to deliver himvenu found it , i n k u r a 9 crest s ; of the Pacha. Thus the desert h p as to be t e lle authoi'ties • froarb bthe ee nd secure as the high road of the Nile . 3 made as Ore 4 . is , se... ircely ever k nown to occur on any of A robbery the Egypt ian waste. The organise. the great lines Of - tine of a few reginalnto: inflicted the most salutary t error , to objecti?n those child ren o f and ultimately brought IL: the wilderness who bad be: 11 c qnsidered indomitable, even from the times in which Herou!ntrus celebrates their unconquerable spirit of independence. With regard to the numerical stiengtfle Af the army, it is estimated in the official returns as ronsisrtx.ll3 of— Infantry Cavalry . Sappers Artillery ... Veterans ... Invalids Total - 127,150 To which are to be added from 10,000 to 12,000 irre. gular Turkish troops, and, in case of need, 30,000 Bedouini Arabs, The estimate of Colonel Campbell, howeverAinakes considerable deductions from some of these iteths. Thus, he reckons the Turkish irregulars at 4,730, the whole regular cavalry and artillery at 12,614, the infantry at 66,400, and the Bedouins at. 4,410. The attempts to introduce European discipline among the latter specks of troops bave not been suc cessful, and they still preserve themselves in a state of isolation. The military foundries can produce nine brass cannon in a month, and 3,000 muskets (at an ex pense of 1/. 3s. each), within the sanse time. The annual revenue is stated by the Government to amount at present to 900,000 purses, or 4,300,000/- sterling. A somewhat minute account is given of the items in the budget of 1833, from which it appears that. the land tax, or rent, as it ought more properly to be called, constituted about one-half of the whole amount, and the customs about one- . ..wentieth. The revenue is stated to exceed the expenditure every year, and there is no national debt. The celebrated manufactories of different kinds, which have excited so much attention in Europe, are almost invariably conducted at a loss, and there seems reason to believe that they would all, or the greater part of them, go to immediate ruin upon the death or political discomfiture of the present Pacha. Upon this subject the most important consequences may result in the present conjuncture of affairs from the events of a single day. In respect to population, it appears that Beyrout ranks the sixth amongst the towns of Syria, and con tains, or rather contained, 12,000 inhabitants. It was considered by Mr. Moore, the Consul, to be the healthiest town on the coast, being less subject to fever than Acre, Tripoli, or Tyre. The cultivation of silk was spreading rapidly, and that of the sugar-nane had taken place to some extent in the neighbourhood, which was considered well adapted for its production, and gold and silver thread were amongst the manufac tures of the town. The population was greatly in creasing, and the neighbourhood rapidly improving in cultivation and fertility. One fact alone is sufficient to prove the rate at which its prosperity was increasing , namely, that the rent of houses and warehouses ha d doubled within four years. IRELAND. TH HAIIVEST.—The continuance of fine weather has allayed all apprehension regarding the outstanding portion of the harvest. From all parts of the country the accounts are most satisfactory. _ . REPEAL —The meeting at the Circus on Toesday was, taken altogether, the most important political de monstration which, for many years, we have had to record, as having occurred in the southern division of Ireland—it would not, probably, be too much to say, in any part of this country ; for we earnestly and sin cerely hope that it will prove, as Mr. O'Connell antici pates, the practical commencement of a struggle that shall never cease until just and equal laws, real and not merely theoretical liberty, have been achieved by the people of Ireland. The friends of freedom—the great national party of this country—were awaiting with anxiety the result. of Mr. O'Connell's visit to Cork. The fabrications of the Orange press, stating that dissension and discord pre vailed amongst the leading Liberals of the city—these fabrications, paltry and pitiful as they appeared to the public here, who well:knew their. falsehood, were still not altogether without effect in distant localities, and to a certain extent threw a damp on the expectations of those who were friendly to the cause of Irish rights. The mist "inow removed from their eyes, and Cork, the se cond city in the kingdom, has proved itself, as on former occasions, second to none in the intelligent and discrimi nating patriotism of its inhabitants.—Southern Reporter. LIMERICK, WEDNESDAY.-Mr. O'Connell having arrived here, addressed the largest numbers we haver ever seen assembled on any previous occasion in Lime rick. The procession having reached the Treaty Stone, so celebrated in the annals of Limerick, the address of the congregated trades of the city was read to him by one of the tradesmen present amidst the most enthusi astic applauv. Mr. O'Connell then said—l have cho sen this spot to receive this address, in orLer to attest,. in the presence of this stone , the fidelity of Ireland and the treachery of England. In reference to the Lord Lieutenant's late declaration against the Repeal agita tion the Hon. Gentleman said—The Lord Lieutenant had made a distinction between Irishmen. There were two classes of them now —one, the class of Re peelers, and the other the class of place-hunters.-- (Laughter and cheers.) That declaration of the Lord Lieutenant bespoke a foregone conclusion—it showed that Lord Ebrington himself was conscious that it re qui:ed such means to prevent Ireland from being re deemed ; and so it did ; long life to him for finding it out in time.—(Cheers.) But see what it is he said, that sonse , igreat office will be the price of a man deserting his country.—(Hear.) He will be fittedier high sta tion the moment he became a renegade. What an ad mirable way to make good Judges and good Magis trates. As long as they remain faithful they will get nothing, but the moment they become treacherous they may be placed in the white list, and be deemed worthy to be bribed. Lord Ebrington bad shown no good the Union had done them. He could not deny that it had done them mischief. It would be useless and absurd to assert the contrary. DINNER TO COLONEL RAWDON IN ARMAGH. _ . On Wednesday evening last the electors of the city. of Armagh entertained Colonel Rawdon at a public dinner, in testimony of their respect for his character, gratitude for his public services, and with the view of manifesting their firm determination to promote the glo rious cause of rational and constitutional Reform throughout the province of Ulster. l'ne veteran Re former, Mr. Leonard Dobbin, presided ; and Lords Charlemont, Gosford, and Cr:mome, the Catholic Primate Dr. Crolly, and many of the leading Liberals connected with Ulster, joined on this occasion in testi fying their high respect for the gallant representative for Armagh. The speeches of the night afforded ad ditional proof of the zeal and earnestness of the Northern Reformers in promoting the great work undertaken by the Ulster Association.—Dublin Evening Post. TIIE` ACCELERATED EAST INDIAN MAIL CONVEYANCE VIA GIBRALTAR.-Abstract of the log of the Oriental for her first trip from England to AlLxandria and back OUTWARD VOYAGE. Hours. Distance_ Time steaming from Falmouth to Naut. miles. Gibraltar Gibraltar to Malta Malta to Alexandria 95, 824 -- ---- Total time out (steaming) ... 329 k 2,868 or 13 days 1 7.. hours. HOMEWA RD VOYAGE. Alcxandria to Malta 924 825 Malta to Gibraltar Gibraltar to Falmouth ll9 1,060 Total time home (steaming)... 321 Or 13 days 9 hours. 2,665 Remarks.—The vessel performed the whole distance out and home in 361 hours less than the contract time. During the passage out she had to steam the whole distance from Falmouth to Cape Finistcrre against " a strong head breeze, and heavy head sea." OW the coast of Portugal had " thick foggy weather ;" from Gibraltar to Malta the first three days, " moderate and clear.'' Homeward pas . snge,___Moderate and generally favourable weather, but steamed with iderier coals taken in at Malta. l'li FIRE We _ b , AT DEVONPORT.- would fain hope,an . dw e have long held out against our own r d ersona! convictions on this point, that noEnl . cially no one employed on the establisligmeisntmhaanciaain'y share in this diabolical deed; but the accumulating evidence of the time when, and the place where, the fire broke out— its sudden burst and overpowering rapidity —the discovery of combustible matters on board ether f liips—the anony mous letter, with other circumstances, have all tended to strengthen the contiction that the fire owed its origin to a wilful and premeditated plan, for the destruction of the yard ; and the rigid rules which have a lways been observed in admitting strin,ers, who are, on every occLsion, Re ' see them out of the gates, it was next to an absolute i m _ Icompanied by a police officer to watch their t motions y ti n o r n d s .l et \ n \ cl .o possibility that such a dc,,p-laid scheme could have h --en 3 il t c h r is ti deed b reigncrs without the connivance and aid of some persons concocted or sir ninotwo countryev execution e y n it t gh i oeonn generally have y f tas r hk e cac i ,r g rnoe n dNuet:hrtaiotesoirdlni:enftaort,,-, ord traitors to : enemyt oe infamous—advantage 1 fbaitlii a tro,i,,t.hdteantdh ehgwv i onrgds c , ot b is u ta t n w t n e ec c e a s n a n t o o t , heolnpfidacv_nocw. that has don a c on with first it no brillian t o th o s c et:a,,,s and II our ini:rues b i ft l or i fa e ri f r , ti with transport 1 Devonport Telegraph. h cli o e m nc a e ge as t s o em L b a le G d r a is t i th o e ri Italia ' Opera on Thurs day,lTALlAN doaollu. sh O e P s E ai l l t g A an l d N all her magnificent appearance for D i v i," and in the celebrated du • ansport in her "Casts Macho also made his re-appearance oin the second act. La the little he has to do with ranee this evening, and gave his wonted dignity and ex cellence. 71r,6-c:. it'Vr =3'1 1'6;,-4 , - k-_ ,, %. - " , -.L , Ti i- , 4 t, l , - 7c -- , - -s-- m-<), i ',-t - 3 U N •