The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-07-10 00:00:00

, Vrorttlitno in Vac!lament HOUSE OF COMMONS.—MONDAY. Mr. DISRAELI rose to move that the house would resolve itself into a committee to consider the state of the nation. He began by observing that the distress of this country had been progressive since the formation of the present Government, notwithstanding the favourable circumstances they had en joyed in the absence of an organized opposition, and in their being uncontrolled and uncriticised. He contrasted the con dition of this country when the present Government assumed • the reins of power, in 1846, with relation to Europe, to our colonies, to Ireland, and to our finances, with its present state, when European tranquillity and English influence had disap peared together—when many of our colonies were ruined, others were discontented, and some had been in insurrection —when our exports had declined £7,ooo,ooo—when our once prosperous agriculture was prostrate—when Ireland was in a state of social decomposition—and when, instead of a surplus revenue of £3,000,000, there had been a deficiency to that amount, terminated not by an act of the Cabinet, but by the . interference of that house. Mr. Disraeli then read official de tails which showed the depression of wages and increase of pauperism among the labouring classes, whose condition, he observed, was a test of the real state of the country ; and he insisted that it was the paramount duty of the house not to separate without inquiring into this unprecedented and pro gressive decay of the country. He appealed to the statement not only as a justification, but as an urgent cause of his mo tion, and he proceeded to examine the reasons to which he referred the deterioration of the population and the general decay of the country. A principal reason was the decline in the value of our foreign commerce ; and he showeebthat, not withstanding continental convulsions, the quantity of goods exported from the United Kingdom (denoted by official value) was equal to that of the great years 1845 and 1846 ; but the declared value of exports in these two years averaged .€59,500,000, whilst in 1848 it was only £53,000,000; so that our working classes, for the same quantity of goods, had re ceived .e6,50P,100 le.. in 1848 than in 1845 and 1816. From this and ether facts, Mr. Disraeli argued that the principles of profitable Interchange with foreign nations adopted in our new commercial theory were erroneous, rendering British labour of less exchangeable value. Other reasons were found in the ' state of the home market and the fall of prices, which diini nished the means of employment ; and in the increase of im migration from Ireland, the result not of the famine, but of the policy of the Government. In the midst of these evils, what had been the financial proceedings of the present minis ters? Increased expenditure and increased taxation. Mr. Disraeli then reviewea tt o.r -oinnial administration—the darkest page in their history—and passed thence to their to reign policy, which, he maintained, whilst it had diminished the influence of this country, had been one of the principal causes of the continental convulsions; and he adduced the case of Italy as an example of the principles and the effects of their policy. The hon. member concluded with the following eloquent peroration :—Hitherte this country had been, as it were, divided into a hierarchy of classes. each of ,v Rica was open to all, but in which =y Englishman was taught to be ac occupied a position better than the analogous position of his order in any other country in Europe. The British merchant, for example, was most creditable ; he was wealthy and trustworthy. The English farmer was the most skilful, as was proved by his obtaining a greater produce than any other farmer in Europe or America. 'lhe English manu facturer was likewise the most skilled manufacturer, and si lenced the looms of Flanders, France, and India. The ability of the British sailor has passed into a proverb, and chivalry seemed to have found its last resource in the breast of the • British oflicer. In like manner, the learned professions, our physicians, and lawyers, held a higher position than the pro fessional men of any other country. I have heard it at the same time stated that the superiority of these classes was at tained at the cost of the last class in the great hierarchy—the labouring population. But, though I have heard in this house - something of the periodical sufferings of that class—as if every class had not its periods of suffering ;—and though I have heard districts referred to where their condition was much depressed —as if a district condition was not essentially exceptional—l have no hesitation myself in saying, and I shall he surprised to be contradicted by facts, that no great community has existed since the fall of the Roman empire where the working popula tion were placed in so advantageous a position as the working classes of England. I speak not of those civil rights which are superior to those enjoyed by princes in other countries, but I , speak of their material condition. I say that they have had a greater command over the necessaries of life than any popula tion of equal size in any community in Europe. For the last 60 years their progress, and it can be proved in detail, has borne a due proportion to the progress of all other claSses; and for the last 20 years the spirit of our laws, most important in such matters, and the spirit of our society, have been to elevate their condition. Therefore I will not conceive that the position of the last class in this hierarchy was relatively infe rior to the others, but I hold that the English working man was in a better condition than the working man of any other country. It was a state of society based on the aristocratical element in its most complete and greatest developement. You thought you were destined to change these laws. Instead of accomplishing the best, what you want to do now is to achieve the cheapest. I have shown you that the economic principle which you have acted on is a fallacious one; and that the ne. cessary consequence of it is to cause the impoverishment and embarrassment of the people. But your policy . has done more injury than this, and will lead to greater misfortune. The wealth of England is not merely its material wealth, for nei ther is it the well-cultivated acres of England, nor our havens full of shipping, nor our ingenious arts and unrivalled manu factures, nor the intrepid industry of our mines, that form the sole or principal wealth of this country. We have, indeed, a treasure more precious than all these; and that is the charac ter of the people. This is what you have injured. You have destroyed, in destroying what you ca'l class legislation, that noble and indefinable spirit of ambition, the source of our greatness, prosperity, and power. (Cheers.) The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER vindicated the course pursued by Lord Palmerston, whose object had been, through telt all that had taken place, to preserve the peace of Europe. The right hon. gentleman then proceeded to reply seriatim to the arguments of Mr. Disraeli, quoting largely from statistical documents, to show that the free trade measures of the govern ment were not of the destructive character to the commerce and industry of the country represented by the honourable member. Wages had necessarily been affected by the Ten Bill, but he had received information from the manu facturing districts, to the effect that the reduction in the amount of wages was more than compensated for by the low price of provisions. In the first four months of the present year there was not a single article of export which did not ex hibit a very large increase, as compared with the correspond ing four months of last year, clearly showing that prosperity was returning to our manufactu-ing industry- In conclusion, the right hon. baronet expressed a hope that the house would not abandon a course of legislation which had been so benefi cial to the country, and called upon the house to negative the motion of the hon. member for Buckinghamshire. Several other members afterwards spoke, and the debate ' was adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-7TtrEsDim Mr. F. O'CoNNon brought on his motion for the adoption of " the People's Charter," - the six points of which are annual parliaments, universal suffrage, vote by ballot, equal electoral - districts, no property qualification, and payment of members. 11r. SHARMAN CRAWFORD seconded the motion, which was negatived by a majority of 222 to 13. Mr. BANKES moved that the house go into committee, for the purpose of considering the mode of preventing fraud in the sale of bread. After a discussion the house divided, when the motion was carried by a majority of 54, the numbers 91 to 37. HOUSE Or COMMONS. "W - EDNESpAY. On the house going into committee on the Marriages Bill, Mr. A. J. HOPE moved a clause, of which Mr. R. Palmer had given notice, (in substitution of clause 3,) providing that the act should not be construed in any court to alter or affect any doctrine canon, or law ecclesiastical of the Church of England and Ireland, or that of Scotland, whereby the degrees of consanguinity and affinity within which marriage is now prohibited by those churches are settled, and that no clergy man of either church should be required or authorized by the act to solemnize any marriage contrary to the doctrine or dis cipline of his church, or be exempted by this act from any spiritual censure or punishment to which he would by law be subject for solemnizing such marriage. Mr. WORTLEY objected to the alteration, which was likewise opposed by Sir G. GREY and other members, and strongly supported by Mr. GLADSTONE. After a discussion of some length, in which the binding virtue of the canons was much considered, the amendment was withdrawn until the bringing up of the report. The clauses of the bill having been gone through, Mr. F. MAULE moved a clause exempting Scotland from the operation of the bill, but on a division it was rejected. The bill, after the alteration of the preamble, was then or dered to be reported. Mr. DUNCOMBE withdrew his Mines and Collieries Bill. The Highways (District Surveyors) Bill was read a second time, on the understanding that it is not to be pressed forward during the present session. HOUSE OF LORDS.-THIIRSDAY. Lord BROUGHAM gave notice that on Monday week he would submit a motion to the house relative to the intervention of the French at Rome. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-7THURSDAY. Mr. GLADSTONE moved that an humble address be present ed to her Majesty, praying her Majesty to direct means to be taken to ascertain the legality of the powers, in respect to territory, trade, taxation, and government, which are or re cently have been claimed or exercised by . the Hudson's Bay Company on the continent of North America, under the char ter of his Majesty King Charles 11., issued in the year 1670, or in virtue of any other right or title. Mr. HAWES said there was no objection to the motion, which was accordingly agreed to. Mr. J. O'CONNELL then moved for leave to bring in a bill to establish, by law, throughout Ireland, the custom of tenant right that has prevailed in the province of Ulster. While the hon. gentleman was still speaking, the house was counted out. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-FRIDAY. Mr. HERRIES gave notice, that on the first supply night he would call the attention of the house to the state of the public revenue, and to the propriety of increasing that revenue by imposing a fixed duty on foreign corn. In reply to Mr. Hume, Lord J. RUSSELL said the interfe rence of Russia in the affairs of Austria and Hungary did not, as far as he knew, cause any breach in the treaty of Vienna nor was he aware that Russia was to acquire any territorial accession as the price of her Assistance to Austria. The adjourned debate on the state of the nation was then resumed by Mr. SLANET, who opposed Mr. Disraeli's motion, as did also Mr. HUME. Mr. G.A. HAMILTON and the Earl of MARCH supported it. Sir R. PEEL said it was not his intention to enter into the political questions raised by the motion ; the discussion of the state of Ireland, colonial policy, and foreign policy in one speech would leave little time to consider the main point at issue that night—namely, shall the Government be displaced for the subversion of our present commercial policy? Since the accession of the Government, he observed, he had felt it to be his duty to give to the great majority of their measures his general support, making great allowance for the difficulties they bad to contend with at home and abroad; at the same time he wished it to be understood that all he implied by . the vote he should give was that he approved of the general princi ples of commercial policy by which the Government had been guided, and that he would not consent to a motion the direct or main object of which was to substitute some other economic principles. He then proceeded to examine the grounds upon which Mr. Disraeli had impeached our present commercial policy, and whether or no the new, or at least different, prin ciples of economic policy proposed to be substituted had any • foundation in reason, or would contribute to the welfare and prosperity of the country. Sir R o b er t s h owe d th a t no new principles had been introduced in 1846, which Mr. Disraeli had selected as a point of comparison, and when he had admitted the country was prosperous; before the end of 1845 the amount ' of taxation reduced upon raw materials or articles of food was £6,582,000 ; and if any evils had resulted from the repeal of the Corn Law, they were not earlier than the Ist of February, 1849; and he undertook to prove that the free-trade tariff not only had not caused any one of the evils complained of by Mr. Disraeli, but, on the contrary, had greatly mitigated them. • He then showed that with the increase of imports there had been no diminution, as predicted, but a large increase, of bul lion; that the reduction of duty, increased importation, and greater cheapness of cotton, wool, dye-stuffs, and other raw materials, instead of interfering with, stimulated domestic in dustry, whilst they augmented the material comforts of the labouring classes. The imports of manufactured goods, more than half of which were re-exported, proved that this country, by its warehousing system, became an entrepOt for other countries. Having disproved the supposed inability of con tending with hostile tariffs by principles of free trade, Sir Robert pointed out the fallacy of Mr. Disraeli's inference from the apparent deficiency of £6,500.000 in the declared value of ' the exports in 1848, compared with that of 1845 and 1846—that the working classes received so much less in one year than in the other. Cheapness of materials diminished cost, and otli- • \ j l ._ ~. t cial value, he remarked, had no reference to quality, whereas declared value was regulated by it. He next considered the condition of the labouring classes—a most important element in the question—reading communications from the country which represented their condition as much improved ; and he showed the inconclusiveness of Mr. Disraeli's argument drawn from the increase of the poor-rate. The impeachment of our commercial policy for the last five years having entirely failed, Sir Robert nevertheless proceeded to consider what was the policy proposed to be substituted, and this had been thus de clared by Lord Stanley—" We must return to the principle of protection." Sir Robert assumed this to mean legislative en couragement of domestic industry for the purpose of protec tion, not of revenue, which, he maintained, was a vicious prin ciple ; if the Legislature required more to be paid for an article at home than it could be got for abroad it was an interference with capital, and would diminish the annual income of the country. The doctrine that we should buy in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest was, he observed, neither new nor speculative, and in spite of hostile tariffs the true policy was to buy our raw materials in the cheapest markets, no mistake being so great as that of fighting such tariffs with countervailing duties. One of the consequences of the success of t his motion would be the re-imposition of duties upon food ; and he could truly say, as an agriculturist, no boon could be more fatal to agriculture. By the policy adopted in 1842 the Legislature had gained the confidence and goodwill of powerful classes, and this country had been enabled to pass through storms which had convulsed other nations. Sir Robert Peel concluded a long and powerful speech by a very solemn appeal to the house to reject the motion, and not to barter the glorious heritage it had obtained by a most timely policy for a conside ration smaller, more sordid, and more worthless than any since the days of him who had sold his birthright for a mess of _pottage. After the Marquis of GRANBY had spoken in favour of the motion, and Lord JOHN RUSSELL against, the house divided, when there were 156 in favour of the motion, and 296 against; majority against, 140. FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. THE WEST INDIA MAIL. The Royal Mail steam-ship Tay, Capt. Chas. M. Chap man, arrived at Southampton on Tuesday, from the West Indies. _ _ _ The Tay brings on freight specie of the value of £270,000 sterling, and consists of 1,334,325 dollars in gold and silver, 6801 ounces of gold dust, &c. Out of the above remittance are 300,000 dollars' worth of sold from California, shinned at Chagres, some of which is in very large lumps ; but it is principally in dust ana flakes. _ _ _ The barque Mars Elizabeth, of Liverpool, bound to Santa Martha, was reported to have been wrecked on the morning of the 14th of May on Punta Gallinas. The captain and crew proceeded on to Rio Hache, and but little of the cargo saved. In Jamaica everything was still dull, and the papers are full of extracts from the London and American journals. There had been several shocks of earthquake felt, but lit tle or no damage had resulted from these alarming visita tions. A fire, causing damage to the extent of £3,000 had taken place at Montego Bay. Several meetings have been held against the slave trade and the manner in which trea ties are carried out, and urging the Home Government to use greater endeavours for suppressing the frightful traffic in slaves. The meeting was of all parties in politics, and attended by persons of the highest respectability. • The House of Assembly had been further prorogued to the 19th June. At Porto Rico they now find the sugar crop will he un der an average one, the canes not yielding so much juice as was expected. The West India islands continue quiet. Hayti still continues in a state of ferment, and people are actually starving in this fine climate, where anything will grow. The Haytiens have claimed a victory, but it is everywhere fully believed that they suffered a great de feat. Trade is nearly at a stand-still. ' •; FRANCE. A shower of crosses of the Legion of Honour is falling on the favoured in the Roman expedition. By a decree of the President of the Republic, a considerable number of decorations in the Legion of Honour have been awarded to officers and privates in the army of Rome who particu larly distinguished themselves before that city in the affair of the 30th of April. SUSPENSION OF HOSTILITIES AT ROME. Hostilities at Rome have been suspended at the express desire of the Roman Constituent Assembly, all further resistance being deemed useless. A deputation imme diately waited upon General Oudinot. in order to arrange the terms of submission. These important facts were communicated to the French government on Tuesday, by the electric telegraph, and officially announced to the Legislative Assembly by M. Odilon Barrot. The follow ing is a copy of the dispatch referred to : " On the 30th of June, the Roman Constituent Assem bly passed a decree in the following terms : " The Assembly ceases a defence which has become impossible, and remains at its post. It charges the Triumvirate with the execution of the present decree. " At the same time, the Commander-in-Chief of the Roman army demanded at seven o'clock, a suspension of hostilities, and announced the prompt arrival at the French head-quarters of a depution of the municipality of Rome." The Tuscan Monitor asserts, that on the 23d ultimo, a capitulation was seriously entertained by the majority of ' the assembly • but they were deterred from making a proposition of that nature by three or four of the minority who had spoken strongly in condemnation of it. Private letters from Rome state that the inhabitants were much incensed at the prolongation of the war, and that great disorganisation was also visible among several corps of the garrison. These circumstances, no doubt, hastened the resolution of the above dooroo. The above intelligence throws into the shade the debate in the assembly regarding the bombardment of Rome, which would otherwise have been read with avidity. It still, however, possesses some interest. Ten members of the consular body at Rome drew up a joint protest on the 24th ult., which was forwarded to Gen. Oudinot, remonstrating against the bombardment of the city during several preceding days and nights, by which the lives and properties of innocent persons had been endangered. General Oudinot replied, that he had no alternative; for he was only acting upon the orders of his government, which were absolute. M. de Corcelles, in a dispatch to the minister of war, condemns the pro test as untrue, and denies that the city had been bom barded at all. The walls alone, be says, were aimed at, and not a single bomb had been thrown into the town. These statements, equally positive on both sides, are so conflicting that we cannot attempt to decide between them. The funds closed lower on Wednesday than on Monday; but at that time the offer of capitulation by the Romans was not known, or they would doubtless have advanced. GERMANY AND THE NORTHERN STATES. The Baden insurgents have experienced another defeat. A severe fight has taken place in the villages of Malasch and Muggensteine, between Carlshrue and Rastadt, in which the Prussian troops were completely victorious. Mieroslawski has retired to Basle, and Sigal has suc ceeded him in command of the insurgents. The Prussians have taken the outworks of the fortress of Rastadt, and will probably soon be masters of it. This formidable in surrection, therefore, teems on the point of being sup pressed. In Hungary, Reab has been taken by the Imperialists, according to some accounts after a severe fight, in which Gorgey's army was defeated ; according to others, as the result of an orderly retreat of that officer, without the intervention of a battle. On the 18th of last month, a corps which had advanced to Neuark, Ofal, and Fouliborg reached Lublo ; another has been directed to Gorlica ; a third in two divisions has been directed on Graab and Kowarnick. No resistance was offered to them in effect ing the passage of the Carpathians. Notwithstanding their valiant resistance, it seems as if the Hungarians must be speedily overpowered. A Popish Council is to be held at Hong Kong this year, "to devise means to propagate the faith, and obviate the mutual rivalry which so frequently leads to dissension among the missionaries." A hitherto unknown race of people have, it is said, been discovered in the interior of Africa. They occupy the kingdom of Bari. They are black in colour, and very tall, but destitute of the usual negro features. THE DISTINCTION OT CASTE IN INDIA.—The Arch deacon and several of the clergy in the diocese of Madras, have signed a declaration against the continuance of caste among Christian converts. The Bishop of Calcutta has signified his entire concurrence; and it is believed Knit the whole subject will soon be dealt with more resolutely than has hitherto been the case. STRANGE PHENOMENON. — Numerous groups were assembled in different parts of Paris on Tuesday, looking with much interest at a star in the west, which shone with great brilliancy although the sun shone powerfully at the same time. Some of the groups were composed of from 100 to 200 persons.—Galignani's Messenger. The Bishop of Adelaide mentions in his journal that on a visit to that remote part of his diocese, Western Austra lia, he met with a native black woman, who having been educated in the native school had married a white man (such is the scarcity of females) and taught him to read ! The savage black female became the teacher of the civi lised white male. A FACT. — We announced that " the German Rump Parliament had been expelled from Stuttgardt." It is a literal fact that the said rump made an earnest request to the minister to be allowed to continue its existence a few days after the summons to quit had been given, in order that—iLmight get its things home f rom th e was h ! Th e appeal was irresistible ; the minister granted the requi site two days; with the view of enabling the Parliament to make a clean shift of it. It is s a ti s f ac t ory t o l earn that the Imperial :Legislature of Germany had some thing at the wash: But for the above intelli g e nce , w hi c h we can assure our readers is strictly accurate, the fact might have been doubted.—John Bull. THE POPE AND THE ROMANS .— The celebrated Father Ventura has j ust written a letter f rom R ome , i n which occurs the following passage :—" My dear friend, the idea of a bishop who cannonades his di ocesans — o f a pastor who slaughters his sheep—of a father who sends death to his children—of a Pope who would force his reign on three millions of Christians — w h o wou ld re establish his throne on ruins, on blood, on the bodies of the slain I This idea is so monstrous, so scandalous, so absurd, so horrible, so contrary to the letter and spi r it of the Gospel, that there is no conscience but is revolted by it—no faith that can hold to it—no heart that does not shudder—no tongue that is not forced to malediction—to blasphemy ! Better far a thousand times lose all that is temporal—the world itself, if necessary—than give such a cause of scandal to the people! * * * * * * * * It is probable that Rome will sink under the attack of the French arms. How can France be resisted ? It is possible that the Pope will re-enter Rome holding the sword instead of the crucifix, preceded by soldiers, fol lowed by the executioner, as if Rome were Mecca, and the Gospel the Koran ; but he will never reign in the hearts of the Romans. In this respect his sovereignty is ended for ever. He will only be the Pope for a small number of the faithful. The immense majority will re main Protestants in fact, for they will.skiure. religions services, so great is their hatred for the priesthood. Our preaching w ill be in vain. It will be impossible for us to make a church beloved, or even tolerated, by a people who have learned to hate and to despise it in the person of a chief who has been imposed on them by force, and a clergy dependent on that chief. It will be impossible for us to persuade them that the Catholic religion is the m other and guardian of the people's liberty and happi ness. The strongest arguments, the most touching and efficacious, those, in fact by which, two years ago, we made religion triumph in the most rebellious spirits, in the hardest hearts—these arguments are for ever taken from us. Our ministry will become barren—we shall be hooted at and despised, if we are not pursued or massacred." The effect of all these proceedings on the Roman Catholics is extraordinary, but very encouraging. Father Ventura further writes :—" People will no longer confess themselves, or communicate or hear mass. There is no longer any preaching at Rome, because no one will listen. Everything that is presented by a priest, or smells of a priest, is shunned." The correspondent of the Daily News (himself a priest) tells us that " The Pope's tem poral power is ruined, and the conduct of his advisers will soon ruin his spiritual dominion also. Already, an edition of 4,000 Protestant Bibles (Dodati) have been printed and eagerly bought up, &c." And mark now what Father Ventura adds, in words that must have wrung his heart with agony :—" Thus my labours of twenty years have been lost, and Protestantism is de facto implanted in a portion of the good and religious Roman people." We have not room for further commentary. Of Father Ven tura we need only say that he was the man selected out of all the papal priesthood to preach O'Connell's "eulogium" in Rome, and that his address was printed in all the papal papers of Ireland, and the author lauded as the most elo quent of " sacred orators." Those papers have not, how ever, found it convenient to give insertion to his letter. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. CALIFORNIA. The Alta California, a paper published at San Fran. cisco, gives the following as to the population actually en gaged in the mines, and the perils to which they are exposed with the Indians : ne most rename accounts state the number of per sons actually engaged in fir mines at about 8,000; and probably one-half of these are Americans, and an addi tional eighth Californians. The feeling is very general among the Americans and Californians that foreigners should not be allowed to dig for gold. They think that they alone should be entitled to all the advantages of the mines, and they believe that such course would secure the permanent prosperity of the country, by preventing the mines from swallowing up its whole productive industry. Public meetings on the subject are talked of, and it is pro posed that memorials be sent to Congress, requesting a law granting permits to dig, and authorising such permits to be given to none but American citizens. There has been considerable difficulty in different parts of the mines between the whites and Indians. It is impossible to say who were the aggressors in the first instance ; but it is no doubt true that the whites are becoming impressed with the belief that it would be absolutely necessary to exter minate the savages before they can labour much longer in the mines with security. Two weeks since we published an account of the murder of five Oregonians by the In dians, on the middle Fork, and gave the names of two of the men killed. We have since learned that the names of the other three were Robinson, Thompson, and English. On the receipt of this intelligence at the Saw Mill, a party of twenty-five Oregonians went in pursuit of the Indians, and came upon a large rancheria, on Weber's Creek. A fight occurred, in which some fifteen or twenty Indians were killed, and fifty or sixty taken prisoners. The pri soners were driven down to Culloma, where all but seven were released. About sunbeam the prisoners made a con certed attempt at escape, when five of them were shot, and two succeeded in getting away." An account of the building operations is from the same authority : " Within the last few months, many new towns, or sites for towns, have been presented to the citizens of Ca lifor,,ia for the investment of capital and the town of Be nicia, in which the price of lots ran up from fifty to 1,000 dollars each, during the month of March, has now more than one rival in its march of improvement and popula tion. Among the conspicuous of the new towns or cities that are in progress between this and the gold region, is one projected by Cl.:) J. 1). Stevenson, Dr. William C. Parker, George M'Dougal, and Samuel Norris, and if the site selected be worthy the efforts those gentlemen have made to develop its resources, an eligible position for a great city, it will indeed be worthy the name they have given it—New York of the Pacific.' IRELAND. Mr. Denis Egan, of Ballydonagh, Tipperary, was shot dead on Sunday week, on his way to chapel. The number of Wesleyans in Ireland has decreased nearly 1,000 during the past year. An extensive engineering firm in Belfast (Messrs. M'Adam) are at present executing an order for a number of large iron houses for California. Mr. J. Reynolds, M.P., has been elected Lord Mayor of Dublin for the ensuing year, by a majority of 18 over Alderman Kinahan, conservative. The estate of Leslie Anderson, a bankrupt, comprising thirty-two townlands in Derry, rental £6,000 a-year, is to be sold for the benefit of the creditors next month. The members of the Rev. Dr. Cooke's congregation, at itclic..t, bay° preoentcd4th c , hvi . ac, cur, and - ness, as a testimonial of their esteem. Upwards of 1,500 men have just been paced upon the Shannon improvement works. They are employed in deepening the bed of the river, and clearing away the remains of the ancient bridge which formerly connected the provinces of Leinster and Connaught. The Kilkenny and Waterford railway works are also about to beresumed. A BARONET IN A BRIDEWELL GUARD !—A. Cork journal has the following singular paragraph :—" Sir Richard Moore, Bart., the eldest son of the late Sir Ema nuel Moore, has just been appointed one of our city bride well guard, by the high sheriff. What makes it the more distressing is, that his poverty has not come of his own folly, but has been entailed on him by the indiscretion of others." THE WORKHOUSES.—The numbers in the workhouses are still very large. The Bandon Union, in Cork, has 3,681 in its poor.houses ; the Fermoy Union, 4,441 ; the Tralee Union, 3,030. These houses are situate in parts of the country which have suffered much less than other districts. In some of these houses industrial employment in making clothes of various kinds is given. It appears that an average of fourteen pence and a fraction is the cost of a pauper in the workwouses. The statistics of the Clogher Union, in Tipperary, give a very clear view of the way in which the poor kw works. The union is not a very populous one. It has upwards of 1,500 in-door paupers, and there are 9,588 receiving out-door relief. The cost for provisioning the workhouse for a week is £93, averaging for each pauper ls. 2d. a week. For the 9,588 out-door paupers the cost is £197 weekly. The uncol lected rates in the Union amount to between £6,000 and £7,000. STATE OF THE COUNTRY.—On Sunday morning, about nine o'clock, as Mr. Daniel Egan, of Ballydonagh, a respectable farmer, was proceeding to mass along a bye road leading from his residence to the chapel of Roscrea, and within about a quarter of a mile of the latter, he was fired at from behind a ditch and killed on the spot—his aged father and mother were about twenty perches in ad vance of him at the time—two women and a girl were within about thirty yards of him when he was fired at ; they heard the report, saw the smoke, but they deny having seen the assassins. The unfortunate deceased re ceived seven bullet wounds; one of the balls went right through his body. Numbers of people were convenient to the bloody scene, but all deny having seen the mur derers. The police of the Emmil and Cooraclevin staticns were in Barna chapel, they heard the shot, and having at once run to the scene of murder, went in pursuit, but we regret to add without success. The deceased never uttered a word after receiving the contents of the shot — he died in about two minutes ; he was about twenty-five years of age and greatly respected in his neighbourhood; his father holds about 300 acres of land, on vikich be has many tenants, who, being either unwilling !err unable to pay their rent, he was obliged to pay the head rent, and brought ejectments at the recent quarter sessions against the defaulters. The son conducted the business, and was examined at the sessions, and this is the reason he has been so brutally murdered. The Rev. Mr. Egan, P.P., was about to celebrate mass when the awful deed was per petrated, but he declined to do so, and it was stated that he is determined to keep the chapel closed until the mur derers are delivered up to justice. There is not a possi bility of doubt, but that many of the congregation when on their way to chapel saw the assassins, and well knew them. Three men, named Darby Tierney, Patrick Morris, and Martin Morris, have been committed for further examination.—Kiny's County Chronicle. IRISH PREPARATIONS FOR THE QUEEN'S VISIT.—A. meeting of the Town Council of Cork was held on Tues day, to make preparations for her Majesty's intended visit. The mayor was frequently interrupted while an nouncing the object of the meeting, and on his stating that he thought they should present her Majesty with an address, a member called out,—" Yes, at your own ex pense." Mr. Dowden said they bad two places suitable for her Majesty's reception. She should be received with all the etiquette due to her as the queen of the freest country in the world—freeer than republican America and France,—Mr. Brady : Yes, free to starve.—Dr. Dwyer: Mr. Dowden in enumerating the places to receive her Majesty, overlooked the dining-hall of the workhouse. (Cheers and cries of hear, hear.) That, I think, is the most appropriate place in the city to receive her.—Mr. Jameson If she goes to the workhouse, lam sure the guardians will receive her as she deserves. (Hear.)—Mr. Brady : The " freest country in the world," and the habeas corpus suspended. Well, now, that appears to me to be one of the most ridiculous figures of speech I ever met with. The freest—trash. (Cheers and renewed confusion.)—Mr. Jameson : I trust gentlemen will not visit the faults and errors of a Whig ministry on the head of an innocent and harmless female.—Mr. Dwyer : How can you separate them ? (Hear.)—A Voice : That's the cheese—there's a poser. Noise and laughter.)—Mr. Jameson : The queen can do no wrong—her ministers are to blame; she is irresponsible—A Voice: Why does she keep such bad ministers. (Cheers and increased confu sion.)—The Mayor : Order, order ; the gentlemen out side the railing will please be silent, or we can't proceed with the business.—A Voice :—'Tis little business ye ever do. (Laughter.)—The Mayor: I suppose I may as well acknowledge the receipt of the communication, and state the high gratification of the citizens at the official announcement of her Majesty's visit. (No, no, and great uproar.)—Mr. Dwyer : Say your own gratification, but certainly you cannot say " the citizens'." (Hear, hear.) —Mr. Dowden : I move the mayor acknowledge the re ceipt of the secretary's communication. (Hear.)—The re solution was adopted. and the subject ended. [These worthy councillors might be much better employed than in casting such shameful and gratuitous insults on royalty.] POLITICAL MISCELLANY. _._ Mr. John Bell, M.P. for Thirsk, has been declared of unsound mind under a commission of lunacy. He has been for some time unable to attend to his parliamentary duties. The only Lancashire members who voted in favour of Mr. O'Connor's motion for the People's Charter were Mr. Sharman Crawford, M.P. for Rochdale ; Mr. W. J. Fox, M.P. for Oldham; and Sir Joshua Walmsley, M.P. for Bolton. Mr. Horsman will, on the 17th instant, move in the House of Commons that an humble address be presented to the Queen, praying her to take into - consideration the unhappy condition of Ireland, with a view of devising measures of relief. THE QUARANTINE LAWS. —ln the House of Commons, on Friday, Mr. Labouchere said the foreign secretary, was in communication with foreign powers in order to ascertain in what degree they were disposed to co-operate with this country in abolishing the quarantine laws, and, as soon as their answer had been received, the whole sub ject would be considered, and proper measures taken. YANKEE RECIPROCITY.—The captain of an American ship from a " down-East" port, which lately landed at Belfast a cargo valued at fifteen thousand pounds, and paid for in hard cash, boasted, previous to his departure on his return voyage, that he had not expended here, on ac count of self, crew, or British goods for the States' mar ket, more than 30 dollars ! MR. DISRAELI'S MOTION.—In the minority of 156 in favour of the motion for the appointment of a committee to consider the state of the nation were, Sir P. • Egerton, J. Tollemache, J. Bailey, J. Bailey, jun., Lord Brooke, E. Grogan, J. C. Herries, Lord Mandeville, W. Miles, Sir L. O'Brien, Lord Ossulst on, Lord Seaham, Hon. E. H. Stanley, R. Spooner, Ald. Thompson, Bsc. In the ma jority of 296 were, E. Cardwell, Sir T. Birch, W. Brown, A. Henry, J. W. Patten, J. Heywood, L. Heyworth, Sir J. Walmsley, T. Thornely, J. Bright, R. Cobden, W. Ewart, T. M. Gibson, W. Gladstone, Sir J. Graham, G. Greenall, Lord R. Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor, C. Hindley, Sir J. Jervis, G. C. Legh, Earl of Lincoln, Col. Lindsay, J. Llch, Sir R. Peel, F. Peel, G. Sanders, Sir F. Thesiger, Lord Villiers, &c. FsssAerrer donx."—ln the course of the debate on Tuesday evening on Mr. O'Connor's motion, Mr. Muntz avowed great satisfaction at what had just fallen from Lord John Russell in reference to a further extension of the suffrage, " especially (said Mr. M.) as his Lordship had once expressed an opinion that the Reform Bill must be final ;" a conclusion from which Lord John was under stood, by a significant sign, to dissent. " Why it was so generally considered to be the case (added Mr. Muntz) that the noble lord has been actually called Finality John." This brought the Premier upon his legs. " I assure you (said his lordship) I never used the word. It was a very good nick-name ; but I give you my word I never said anything of the kind." This little episode, as may be supposed, afforded no little amusement to the house. LONDON ELECTION.—The polling commenced on Tues day morning, at eight o'clock •, upon the first vote being tendered for Baron Rothschild, Mr. Brown, the conser vative agent, expressed a wish to deliver to each voter on behalf of the Baron, a protest, alleging incapacity on be half of that gentleman (for which various reasons were as signed) to sit in the house, if elected. The sheriffs, how ever, refused to permit the notices to be delivered ; but, at a subsequent period of the morning, Mr. Brown pro duced the opinion of a high legal authority for the course he proposed to pursue, and from that time the notices were delivered to each elector who gave his vote for Baron Rothschild. It was very evident, from the commence ment of the proceedings, that the friends of Lord John Manners were not making any exertions, as they consi dered the votes given on the other side to be of no avail hereafter. Close of the poll, Rothschild 6619, Manners 3104 ; majority 3515. WHAT FINANCIAL REFORM MEANS.—" The Financial Reform Association" is pursuing its course ; and ap proaching very fast to a plain and open attack on the funds. Two meetings were held on Wednesday last, the one at Hackney, the other in Marylebone. At the first a Mr. Cassell (we take him to be an advertising grocer) said :—" Owing to our enormous national debt every working man was compelled to labour two days in the week to support that burden. Let them unite in the pur chase of 40s. freeholds as the only means of ridding themselves of the burden." In a similar meeting at Hackney Sir W. Clay said, "The interest of the national debt must be paid." On which cries were immediately heard of " Sweep it off!" Thus things are working rapidly round to the position predicted by us many months ago. We have said again and again that the " further measures," spoken of by Messrs. Cobden and Co., meant the sponging out of the National Debt, but that these leaders wanted courage to propound such a plan. The people, however, begin to see and feel what is really meant, and they intend to force the question on. The revenue falls ' • the people are becoming more and more pinched, and the moment will probably soon arrive when the debt will become the chief point of attack. THE SICILIAN INSURRECTION.—On Thursday, Fri day, and Saturday, the Central Criminal Court was occu pied with the trial of Prince Granatelli, Louis Scalia, and John Moody, for an alleged infringement of the Foreign Enlistment Act, in equipping and arming two English steamers, as vessels of war, for an expedition against the King of the two Sicilies. Another individual. Salvadore di Amico, was included in the indictment, but he did not surrender. In 1848 revolutionary proceedings took place in Sicily, and in the early part of that year a Provisional Government was established at Palermo, and the defen dants. Granatelli and Scalia, were appointed by that new government to proceed to tats country in the capacity of commissioners or envoys, and were received by the Bri tish Government in that capacity. It would seem that the Provisional Government of Palermo were desirous to create an armed force to act against the sovereign ; and very soon after the arrival of these two defendants in this country they entered into an agreement with the Penin sular and Oriental Steam Company for the purchase of their vessels, called the Vectis and Bombay, for the sum of £60,000 ; and in August, 1848, the agreement was ratified by the government at Palermo, and the Vectis was sent to Liverpool, where she was fitted out as a war steamer, under the superintendence of the defendant Moody, and she was eventually despatched to Palermo without any interference by the authorities cf this coun try. The Bombay remained at Blackwell. Colonel Aubrey, who had formerly been in the English service. had been despatched to this country by the Provisional Government at Palermo, with instructions to raise a body of 1,200 men, and to embark them on hoard these steamers. On Saturday the case was brought to a conclusion, The jury acquitted all the prisoners. Amongst the witnesses examined was Viscount Palmerston. DECLINE IN THE VALUE OF OUR FOREIGN COMMERCE. —I am indebted to the courtesy of the President of the Board of Trade, for a return which has only just been completed of the entire imports and exports during the years 1847 and 1848. I find, from this return, that on contrasting the much maligned year of 1848—the year of continental convulsions—with the great years 1845 and 1147, there has been no diminution in the quantities of goods exported. The official value of goods denotes their quantity. The average official value of the exports of 1845 and 1846 was £133.000,000. The total value of the exports in the year of the continental convulsions, was £l34,9o4,ooo—nearly the same amount. But mark the significant fact—the average of 1845 and 1846, in declared value, was £59,500,000, but the declared value of 1848 was only £53,000,005. That is a most important conseqnence, full of instruction, and I recommend hon. gentlemen— and especially the advocates of free trade—carefully to consider that result, and, if they can, satisfactorily to ex plain it. We have it here upon the records of the Govern ment that the working classes of this country received, in 1848, £6,500,000 less than they obtained in 1845 and 1846 for the same quantity of goods exported. I do not believe it is continental convulsion or railway investment, or commercial speculation, or the Irish famine, that has caused this decline in the exchangeable value of the Eng lish workman's labour. It is the hostile tariffs of foreign nations which you have to encounter, which no policy of yours has yet modified, and which the system you are pursuing aggravates in their consequences. I have often taken occasion to state the principles upon which I think the theory of reciprocity in commerce depends ; but hitherto I have done so with all the disadvantages which, in an assembly like this, any one must endure who appeals only to abstract reason. Now, however, we have practical results before us—in the sufferings, unfortu nately of the people of this country, and in the decline of our wealth—which illustrate that theory. D'lsraeli's Speech. RAILWAY AFFAIRS. The opening for traffic of the railway from Leeds to Thirsk will take place to-day. There are two millions of rivets in the tubular bridge over the Menai Straits, each an inch in diameter. SHEFFIELD AND LINCOLNSHIRE.—The important link between Sheffield and Gainsborough is to be opened on the 17th. Mr. Hudson has left the Electric Telegraph Company, with the full consent of "the other partners, and has received back his capital, and £5OO more. The portion of the Great Northern Railway south of Doncaster toptetford will be opened on the Ist of Sept. At a special meeting of the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway Company, held at Lancaster on Monday, the draft of a Bill was approved, authorising the amalgama tion of the Lancaster and Preston Railway Company with the former Company. The contractors for the railway from Manchester to Altrincham had a trip along the line last week. The public opening will take place on the 16th inst., and the line from Altrincham to Bowdon Downs is expected to be ready in September. CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAlLWAY.—Traffic for the week ended 30th June, 1849: Coaching traffic, £1,662 13s. 10d. ; parcels, £29 12s. 4d. ; goods and cattle, £145 13s. ; steamboats, £166 6s. Bd.: total, £2004 55.10 d. : exclusive of toll from Shrewsbury and Chester Company, and payment for conveyance of mails. MAKING HAY ON A RAILWAY.—We have heard of grass growing in the streets of decayed towns, but never till now on railways—such, however, is the fact, on the line from Exeter to Crediton, where during the present week haymaking has been in full operation. This line, which was constructed three years since, is, owing to a dispute between the broad guagers and narrow guagers, still unopened for traffic, though there is, perhaps, scarcely another in the kingdom better situated for it. EASTERN COUNTIES.—An adjourned meeting was held on Tuesday, to consider the bill now before Parliament authorising the amalgamation of the Norfolk with the Eastern Counties Company. Mr. Roney, the secretary, read the report of the scrutineers, which stated that 138 persons present at the meeting, representing 3,287 votes, and 547 persons by proxy, representing 17,716 votes, toge ther with 685, representing 21,003 votes, voted in favour of the original motion, approving of the bill. For Mr. Meek's amendment, to the effect that the bill be not approved, 101 persons present, representing 2,470 votes, were in favour of it ; and that there were no proxies ; consequently, there was.a majority of:18 0 583 votes in favour of the bill. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL NEWS. . -- At the Oxford Commemo . ration, the names most en thusiastically cheered were the Bishop of Exeter, Miss Sellon and the Sisters of Mercy, and the Wadham Boat crew COMMITTEE OF COUNCIL.—The Government has put forth a series of Management Clauses, or rather a re modelling of the old ones. The Government have made several concessions, particularly on the question of referring disputes on religious matters to the bishop, whose decision shall be final, and of requiring the committee to consist of communicants. In other respects there is little in the new clauses that differs from the old. THE RECENT CHANGES IN THE BIBLE SOCIETY.—It appears that the recent alteration in the rules of this Society did not extend so far as opening of the proceed ings with "prayer, on which an agreement amongst the members is impossible, but only to the reading of a por tion of Scripture, which, it is modestly hoped by a pro fessed Church-paper, " can be calculated justly to offend none ;" with a strong " recommendation to the friends of the Socie t y to be satisfied—and to act on the principle, ' to leave off contention until it be meddled with.' " From an avowedly dissenting print it appears there is one knotty point which remains to be settled, viz.,—who is to read? BENEFICES IN PLURALITY.—The bill (No. 2) to amend the law relating to the holding of benefices in plurality, brought in by Messrs. Frewen and Heald, enacts that, notwithstanding any provision in the act Ist and Victoria, chap. 106, contained, it shall not be lawful after the pass ing of this act, for any spiritual person to hold together any two benefices, unless the said benefices be actually contiguous to each other, and the united population not exceeding 600 souls ; provided always that any benefice not exceeding the annual value of £lOO shall not come within the meaning of this act. The term " benefice" will be taken to mean benefice with the cure of souls, and no other. For the purpose of estimating the annual value of such benefice there will be considered as deducted from the gross amount of the annual value, all taxes, rates, tenths, dues, and permanent charges and outgoings ; but no allowance will be made for any stipends to stipendiary curates, or for such taxes in respect of the house of resi dence of any benefice, or the glebe thereto appertaining. as are usually paid by tenants or occupiers; or for moneys expended in the repair or improvement of the house of re sidence and the buildings and premises belonging: to it. The presentation of a " spiritual" person to two benefices will be void, ipso facto. This bill is not to affect prefer ments or benefices to which persons have been admitted prior to its passing into a law. COURT AND FASHION. 4 - An official intimation has been given, by command of the Queen, to the Lord-Lieutenant, of her Majesty's in tention during the ensuing month to visit Ireland, as we stated last week. The North Wales Chronicle says that the Queen will pass through the Menai Straits en route to Dublin. ON THE LATE CITY ELECTION. A WORD TO THE MAJORITY. Inscribe this on your banners, (Deny it if you can), " With us it is not Manners, But money makes the man." SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. *-*- • NEWMARKET JULY MEETING. The following are the principal events of the week. The company present was quite as large as has been seen at a July meeting for several years, the weather having been very favourable, and the course in excellent condition : TUESDAY.—Match-100 h. ft., T. Y. C., won by the Duke of Bedford's Minto. The July Stakes of 50 sous. each (25 subs.), won by Mr. Pedley's Sweetheart. Match-200 h. ft., won by Mr. Greville's Estafette. Match-21,0, h. ft., Mr. Greville's Ellen Middleton (dead) receives 80 soya. forfeit from the Duke of Bedford's Accia. WEDNESDAY.—Match-100 h. ft., won by the Duke of Bed ford's Treacherous. £5O for 3 yr, olds, won by Mr. Rolt's Col lingwood. Match-100, b. ft., won by the Duke of Bedford's Newport. The Town Plate of £5O, won by the Duke of Bed ford's Retail. THURSDAY.—The Chesterfield Stakes of 30 sous. each (29 subs.), won by Sir J. Hewley's Cranberry. Match 100, h. ft. The Duke of Bedford's Newport received forfeit from Mr. Ge rard ut's Humphrey. LAW INTELLIGENCE. PREROGATIVE COURT. TUESDAY, JULY 3. (Before Sir H. J. Fust.) IN THE GOODS OF MARY RUSH. The deceased in this case was the mother of James Bloomfield Rush. She died on the 13th of August, 1848, having made a will by which she gave the bulk of her pro perty to his nine children to be divided between them on their respectively attaining the age of 21 or marriage, and appointed him executor. An asserted codicil was subsequently produced, by which the property was not to vest in the children until the youngest attained majority. Some part of the personal estate not being administered at the period when Rush was executed, it became necessary to have a representative appointed to Mrs. Rush, and the children elected their uncle. Dr. Addams now applied to the Court to grant admi nistration to the will, but to revoke the codicil. He pro duced an affidavit from Emily Sandford, in which she de posed that the codicil was not executed until after Mr. Rush's death_ P h ecvre hc. the draught of the codicil, and having at his desire copied it, he then requested her to attest, with which she complied, and he added his name as the second subscribed witness. The codicil was dated to agree with a period when Sandford was in Norfolk. The learned Judge said that he had great difficulty in revoking the probate upon the simple affidavit of a par ticeps criminis, and who was now out of this country. The object of the codicil appeared to be to enable Rush to retain the property in his own hands as long as possible. If the circumstances stated by Emily Sandford were true, undoubtedly a forgery had been committed ; but it was desirable that the signatures to the will and to the codicil should be examined by some one skilled in such matters, in order to ascertain whether the latter was in a feigned hand. The motion was directed to stand over for that purpose. ILLEGALITY OF THE CHARTIST LAND SCHEME. COUNTY COURT, NORTHAMPTON, JULY 5. GUBBINS V. O'CONNOR, M.P. The plaintiff in this case was a shoemaker, living in Northampton, who sought to recover from the defendant (Mr. Feargus O'Connor, M.P.,) two sums of £2 10s. each, paid by the plaintiff in April, 1846, and March, 1847, to the agent of the .defendant, for shares in the Chartist land scheme. Plaintiff sought to recover the sum paid in 1846, as money paid on an illegal considera tion, the company not having been registered at all ; and so much of the sum paid in 1847, in excess of 10s. on £lOO, when the company was only provisionally registered. He also sought to recover on the ground that the money was paid on a consideration which had wholly failed ; the com pany having failed to obtain complete registration within a year, and the provisional registration not having been renewed from year to year, and the company having therefore exploded. The learned judge said that there must be a judgment for the plaintiff for £2 9s. 9d. the amount paid in 1847 ; there not being sufficient evidence to connect the defend ant with the first' payment. COURT OF EXCHEQUER.-FRIDAY! IMPORTANT COMMERCIAL CASE : RIPLEY V. M'CLURE. The judgment of the court was given in this case, being an action tried at the last assizes in this town, before Justice Coleridge and a special jury, by Mr. Ripley, of Liverpool, against Mr. M'Clure, of Belfast, for recovery of between £2OOO and £3OOO damages for breach and re pudiation of a contract, in respect of a cargo of tea, per Mary Ann Webb, from China, in the year 1847. The defendant had alleged fraud and misrepresentation. A bill in Chancery had also been filed by Mr. M'Clure, and an injunction against proceeding to trial obtained, but the injunction was set aside on the application of Mr. Ripley, and the case went to trial, when a verdict was found for Mr. Ripley, on all the issues, including the plea of fraud, except for the defendant on one nominal and unimportant issue. The defendant applied to the court for a new trial, and the case having been fully argued by counsel, and which occupied the court nearly two days, the court now gave judgment against the mo tion, thereby establishing the verdict for Mr. Ripley upon all points, entitling him to the full damages claimed. On Tuesday, in the Queen's Bench, Mr. Cutts, soli citor, of Little Hatfield-hall, Essex, was tried on an in dictment for perjury, relative to the sale of some property, part of which he had bought himself, and found guilty. It is said that nearly £40,000 have already been absorbed by lawyers and official managers in one unfortunate joint stock company, which placed its affairs under the tardy provisions of the winding-up act. EXPARTE LLOYD.—In the Vice-Chancellor's Court, on Tuesday, an application was made to claim in full a sum of £5152 from the bankrupt's estate, late a banker at Wrexham, on the ground that the bankrupt was treasurer to the applicants, the trustees of a savings' bank. His Honour directed the opinion of a court of law to be taken on the point. The payment was opposed on the ground that the bankrupt had acted as banker merely, and never as treasurer. CUSTOM OF BANKERS.—IMPORTANT TO THE PUBLIC. —ln the Common Pleas on Friday, a Miss Adams brought an action against the firm of Masterman and Co., bankers, to recover a sum of £6,000, under the following circum stances :—The defendants were the London agents of a Shrewsbury bank, which failed in October, 1847 ; prior to which period Masterman and Co. had been instructed to sell out certain stock belonging to the plaintiff, who kept an account at the Shreswbury Bank. When the failure, however, took place, the defendants finding themselves large creditors of the Shrewsbury Bank, applied Miss Adams' money in liquidation of their own claim. Evi dence was, in the present instance, given to show the cus tom of bankers with regard to receiving authority from the customers of country bankers to sell stock, &c. which they regularly carried to the account of the country bank, without ever opening an account in the name of the cus tomer, the London bankers having no knowledge of any party in the transaction except the country banker ; and it was also shown that this sum was regularly carried to the account of the Shrewsbury Bank, and was drawn upon by that firm, and that no charge whatever was made to country bankers on such transactions by way of commis sion or otherwise. The jury, of course, found a verdict for the defendants. At the Old Bailey, on Tuesday, Sarah Mills, (charged in conjunction with a person named Hansell, editor of the Satirist,) with endeavonring to extort money from a gentleman named Bevan, under a threat of publishing libellous matter concerning him in the Satirist, pleaded guilty, and, being recommended to mercy by the prose cutor, was only sentenced to imprisonment for six months. lianseli's trial was postponed on account of his health. July CORRESPONDEN CE. A NEW STYLE OF BEGGING' , O; „ TA TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERP OOL 0,4'; SIR, —There is enough of poverty in these V times calling for the sympathies and benevolenersdli' who are fortunate in possessing the superflaut without imposition interfering to intercept charip..o,e, direct course. These remarks are dictated by tn s ' it oli, having observed, during the last few weeks , s tri b l itio s i ecimen of the mendicant fraternity levying, cn.cto ,i -on the humane public in this town. This r te klo, cruel world is easily described—he is a tali g en o vsi' ing man, in the hey-day of life; he selects gen e , o f Yr ' thoroughfare where there is not only a good clueatt but that of the higher class of persons : his 0, ; gives an idea of the clerical and lay gent'en't-ino bined. His shabby black coat and white craotbeisttf; the former ; the style of his nether habiliments (3 f I This personage,—the complete embodiment his. Punch describes as the "respectable dodge, tow on street beggars,—holds a few boxes o f maLc s the ):: hand ; or rather, lie holds the paper in whichbe are wrapped, for so gentlemanly a man Eat no Cie, every respect. A box fell to the groun".„ts casion, and it was amusing to see the en""sybo en cono ve l a ; " nice young man "to recover it. Gent ler° their trousers tightly strapped find stooping i. poto o ,,i , to you w he ther nt affectation in a beggar does not almost w arre i on tv o Now, sir, I will appeal' d i e v, low's apprehension as an arrant imposter. ` r f,j bid the decayed gentleman may always be diso re to surg air and manner ; but is it not preposterons,,;sresli in most the s i p m e r p s l o e n e a a g n e b r e e referred r p e o d a e t d o . on that a man reduced to the last extremity (let f of a 4 to selling matches in the streets must be a P,,t ° ,ibis?" l l will be excessively fastidious about the palit' n " and the tying of his cravat ? All this is striking but o f humbu. • ' ~grry , but it is just that class tna' tection. I, therefore, would suggest the PreP ri t he ( I° l ' of our "detectives" kee k out V IAL of ng asharp oo 171 of the " gentleman in black." I b t y is su ce c r h ta a i3 ,g larin ,:l e ui P r e , ie : P o r ; cr i 0 1. COLONIAL POVERTY AND 11L /5 ECONOMY. ..,00 1d). 1 ) 549., (TO TILE EDITOR OF THE MONTROSE S' , lOC/the Fasque, 29th 0 0 ° CP: fsrtoaSmteißaoif—repTsrooepegeiravtbeyleyaonaudndacnuodlnticyveoautwiroenarletianhdyoeurpsiraNnsioitneseituisatat%oLoi, nies, I annex the copy of a letter I hav e ) . - 0 De n '' , e' by the packet , just arrved. So much for t t i e l r e liD n e t rer sure,; (e itl' our present rulers, and their abettors and stl l4 ; 11 6/ 0 the fruits of their destructive " Free Trac!. n e ",t theo v, tates (sugar), that not many years 20 — oil ilr IP prosperous proprietors £35,000, have been se at terld the fangs of the law, in common with augYaos e : pa" sold under public execution fot about £3 s uu,' - f ti rtb`„ff . , of their cost, and considered doubtful h",, an elr,r chaser may be benefited ; but, with so 01 81 ' 1 t bers' ture of capital, they were to attempt to 031 ba - ffl i of our system of d ra i nage . , 5 ce I see by the Cha nce ll or o f the Exchequ,e;eroo" speech, he has contrived, makereat pressur e ',,,4o s tY statement which appears to the reveul l u t rie lei, a and consequently for the present to meet; L e' ja aded, l cat out of the bag by telling us that, had il e Pe. tr sooner, it would have been more satisfactol% o l eic 0 1 meaning that in the interval, notwithstand'r'oestA flingly reduced expenditure of about three P e d rbs t i boasted prosperity, their revenue falls oft+ as ecide"al tional burdens will soon be required ; and , al o ief, , o iit their love of economy, whilst a ll their own 5 : 1, 0 0 .0 1 of them of thousands each, remain u ntoueh , ;aa sly consisting of next to sinecures, they are 5tua._,‘,0..1,6, in reducing the wretched pittances of their P°,,v i , dP .ti er nates. For instance, the Postmaster for Phis fc to e' living in the respectable and populous vill s gl e .sea l l i t ol cairn, whose salary some years ago, with incrrAtboly was increased from twelve to sixteen poueds' i 4 sd:/i i labour is more now, and money responsibilitYotice, V it, I am well informed they have given hit' ) Pei, bead' f 1 actually reduced the miserable allowance will „ o ut' c he! the support of a wife and family, to thirteeo rob , annum ! 0 rare and praiseworthy econol D , Y; o ute r ',4 f t o h o e d p a r n o d sp l e i c m t it o e f d w e T a p: employmentdaily fporastshinegpoor is or O rl i. Ireland, where the people are partly fed b w e l f t °hrellll ' s°‘ C i : eh tall ti ts , by excessive taxation here ! ! Let thew e, , s 11 0 ,,„0 0 .1' sider such things to their taste, and londil - i t co';AP ever, "0, Clanricarde, 0, Lord John—tuetber' ~1 and supporters, not omittin g or forgetti°g . 0 17 : promoter of all—Sir Robert Peel !! ! , t 11 5 ' lY, e , Chancellor Wood, in his Budget speee".,,'„l e utie P h 'ell` d : at present, Germany, though torn by r e '; be t "otr,; off one-third of the yarn and cloth we exeer" o sfa b ' r ot' not tell us all, or state the cause, that theirbeeeer, ously prosperous spinners and weavers 11 0 %011 7 4 down and ruined by insurrection, buruing e '.,,ent; 0' tion in every shape and quarter of the Con. ` l , bo!;atf e at present they must come to us for cloth' s! ' ' rb el 'ipt4 peace and order are restored, they will resuld,iist 0 , 4 0 1 riot's habits, and again supply theniselce s t beir e ° s ft meantime we provide a certain market for ,b11500,, continue to pay them, which we are to d ° ,', 0 c1 51 . / „ 0 0! with good and profitable prices, duty fgee , e , - , ob"ici,d , the injury and imnendiog ~„;„, of free, to n e rit lot.rebt,s, in which every other is hastening e? Cho etij How, then, are home rcnts cu be paid li er „gfol9e r i keepers occupied ? the tradesmen and 0 1 , 8 " the 0 0 ,Det, be employed and paid ? who now suPPLY d frot f rr A consumption still everywhere going on ;a n e nact '''' p ie 0 is taxation to draw its support, and the rev`i,„tbedelj tamed ? Let them answer, who feel they "ill el', and are able to do so ; or let them still but - ire he 4 o, 0 1 the air, or circulate reports in high place s Ise i sales of ships at high prices in Liverpool or e 45 , I am, Sir, your most obedient servant, Av sre', JoHN Gl' b N Jof; e 9 "Demerara, I _,S t o ld n e i lf;,! . " Estates in a state of abandonment e no w . of!,,.;Cej or three weeks at execution sale, and Mr.. ---; ; CP,,,t . v.c , 1 has purchased two plantations, viz., .‘ Profit' /a per'l„ / r and " Greenfield, ,, up the East Coast, both '''i 0 4 1 14 perty of Messrs. Glen, now insolvent. These r,i e ,t l ,!" them about £35,000, and he has purchased ',„etii.-„0",„, He is going immediately to attempt to drop; "i s stfiet;h t ' approved system adopted in Scotland, and n e t and'itlerf 1 out some European labourers who may unde r ' tDe 10' 1 4 I am glad to see this doing by a man who lle,, s o t De,l o l carrying it out. He is sanguine of success; ", o r D e " for difficulties to contend with than he e xpect 0 of things very different from what they were " 01 61 lived here." Ace IY ; P.S.—To add to their miserable Post o' - he f'si t ,o , o .4' saving, I find they are also to extinguish t " r e - ite e ,.tre; l, Office at Fettercairn, and transfer it to le ll aerW a ilY thereby to save this £3 per annum to v e , 0 O il ich ,f , the £l6 salary of the poor Postmaster an.",jos" . . t ii 9 , , ,' the great public inconvenience of this iits" o lle,; % 0 4 ,, , f,' thus oblige every one who may have the'. of '',o",e' pay or receive through it, to take a journei)jeit e i dli a l; instead of transacting their business at t t va , S.o 4 ,, which they have done for years past. ,', O aet ol; ( 1 , . absurdity and injustice terminate ? and syß," a da c t er„ e r relieved from the overbearing vexatious u'" 0 .FP'' men, who now govern with a rod of iron: ce tb. 6. O mores ! God in his mercy seems to P,l s 1! : .I , and forbearance of the country upon its LP' } 0 WitilMil.NN , .... 1 1l --------• if WHAT WOULD THIS LTFE 13 5, 1 7 WERE NO HEREAFT-r)". ,is' A ; 1 n meJi r b e d From " Christopher under Canvas," in ' le dr NORTH. d azift I I Oh !my friends—if this winged an-,, s t i oafils r , r d our life, what a mournful taste have '''' .0 0 ' $ 0 " if f . happiness ? We have, as it were, from e a ia. eo ce f i, cold edge of a bright world, just lookeoperioitiyi plucked away again ! Have we come t o i n etl. t b i /tl i sure by fits and glimpses ; but intertica 0 .1, Jo, i burdensome labour, with weariness , I s e tts h ` e a„e,/ rence ? Have we come to try the 5 0 ,,, be t'l warm, fearless, and confiding affection, Ll' , bY, h ? or blighted by bitterness, by separati?......P Des', heart, or by the dread sunderer of love s t h of 0 0 0 0; we found the gladness and the streag.:, aidtc'epj when some rays of truth have flashed 7 at olu t - De:',e'l in the midst of error and uncertainty, P„ 9 of .fl fir, t , ous, necessitated, uninstructive avocatto7e3 3 " 0 r fi, i ; standing—and is that all ? Have vce,,,vo o ,lolf o 4 '. hour the charm of the Beautiful, that ~,l foa! 1 , 0 0 1 0 ' mantle, this visible Creation, or have sv p - i l eaS i ' c li 'e l ,' lifted above the earth by sudden aFP r- o f 0 tb e d i l may ? Have we had the consciousnessroigbt, 09,1 which have seemed to us as if they . 40%0°0 make up a life—almost an angel's l ' ie oe 1 ter'' f r " instant come and instant gone?" 1 04 0 r oc s i: consolation of DOING RIGHT, in the w a car t beT'f.',+, we have done wrong ? and was that also „ oar as',{ a transient sunshine ? Have we lifted yoth,aliyi see Him who is Love, and Light, and the t 7 O l , t eci to be in the next instant plunged ' n to bee, ?di annihilation ? Have all these thing s ara tf es - t c that we have pulled by the side f or _ br ie, D way, and that, after gladdening us D a d or' hue and odour, wither in our hands? se es—nothing ? .0' ► ~,,,,,, 13ITLLEIt. I loved you, sir, better and better ev ell v et rfii NORTH• o We step the earth—we look a hr°- -hat ir't "Y seems immense—so does the sea. Tb e $ r( lived—and knew but a small portion. gate it now with a speed under 0 “` h is g„,erjel shrinks. But let the astronomer lift ef er , c p oil o gi learns to believe in a total mass of 131 a t, se, e ' l ol' which this great globe itself becom e va lio i rfee grain of dust. And so to each of u s .. ,10',Del l t( road of life, a year, a day, or an W I " 0 - ut _0 13 ,4 As we grow older, the time shorteo; '''ileode' up our eyes to look beyond this earth4bace to o r and the few thousands of years whic h the , human race, vanish into a point; for t 9l suring Time against Eternity. TALno'rs• be d i e And if we can find ground for t the 11 ,0 4 0 1 quickly-measured span of Life is able, Ile re f r O l k ° o 4 cares, fears, toils, troubles, dim daybreak of a Life immeasurs'`e'ionqich its night—what weight shall w ca ll s --""be $ sometimes bowed down our stren.P. t I burden more than we could bear ? TO, SORT character. tbep They then all acquire a new pt hinfi jo, h o l f then felt as transitory must do s° nl . - c lose",cor r es ening their load. But more is 6116 ne ct a r, pe'r they then appear as having an gl ens u f sr ootv - . If this life be but the begiuning . PDasOrnt i l f t ' r be believed that the accidents an rf ths' ' afticol t some bearing upon the conditions e_hatioll. learn to look on this as a state of Probation and look at the sky. .1 41 y lo -,....„,.....2.