The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-01-02 00:00:00

on salt the is this lit The The Sociali Thured New O. Mexico arrang )pted b the var nark in the d IT the j iy an immense au to reach New Or tnitale orul vrrn..14,,,, Df civil war ary is a The M rheoppone young monar the crown lands General is to nging accounts from Nev !ss busine Means to report a bill b tariff of 1842 , ared at New York, and cedes was 10,000 Ice of eighty.thre },..vi good government their usual avocat advertised foi price of 4s The farmers were ns. At Natal there on behalf of t in the government of the Cape, and nc tion of the principle of legislative re paganda had scarcely coma ,ecn submitted instructing the Corr sed upon tt rge, but the Gayer to Tampico for his ;anding army of arry Smith I tier, and placed th government Some interesti presentation the us expect fitted, or t week e then he Priest , e 1 he cot Churct d therei )f forty ( Parliam bates th us outr of C. ( 'ere p 1 fixed a rtt, on the n tely unc bed room ri phrases of th Christ was eat d Kerr brethrE ie pecor all membE commemo: cl keep the pe corresponder age was attempt Wray, Esc FOREIGN Den defeated nt appeal my 3U of t 4ND CO RANCE.' INISTRY. - le by M. I first of IN uestton en AI . 2 at theta: T the is French id nro- area or RI that .nnlent Upon hanges L °NMI uDsPattir/Sly and-0/ li hm, ai sides, not to per head for enjoye had bee iled then The S on on quent " k, 6y fined John W , and wet land. gyred by heir re .11 after tt WHale, a amed by hi ached the el on to be recei Imperial iom Do: ;s, including o he lower part h Jesus Toasts a variety of d ing irons, p spade, &c., Mr. Wray and his f at a quarter of irniture in the 1-room in which Mr. Wra ' t most providentially with ion, anc considerable damage t happened to be at the injuri gentleman who is field In universa fore this occurrence, no one imazine enemy in the world, e obtained.—Derry Sentinel EXTENSIVE FIRE AT BELFAST.--011 Sunday MC suppose tenants upon a pr a cause opertv, minor e most lestruetive fire ti ny years, :e out in t has occurred in -I and - C he premises of M Donegal-place. silk mercers M`Gee a Mr. Mullan, bookseller ; M Magill, booksell Clarke and Al All those buildings, es in Belf gill, wo, which formed a portion 01 ;t, were quick! -.~~.~ upon the effect fuestion was st the Royal Marr The judges pronounced their opini tute had incapacitated the descent aatractin a legal mar ther within the British House of Lords re 'eupon t I UNIT, Some of r? SITY AND CI the present Rev. NV m Shar yat of tt ty intervi( I undertc rochial minist age Act, 12 Georg [ants of Ge, Lout the co RICAL howing God. Thi: the utm He was 'edeemed t Sly showeth eparating all districts of ( as reg al purpose is church rate: would much c Is of ti 'our me lurplice :AILWAY .e a legis FFAII :ely post any I on their journe THE LIVERPOOL nsent of the B 1 )r elsewhere, I ce He has been ci me that his )eds of cler by friends, district churches I Jourr clergy, held at the N Sione, on Wedr Le Archbishop Of and to the Rt. the Treasury :—" The humble I ;ned Incumbents of the Aich- —That your as their Me- )f dutiful re- respects injuriously for the spiri- I inches, and for the full develop- ;ry kind into ter ecclesiastics nbents, to the ge- se the influence attached to at the directors of the London and rn have concluded a loan of £300,000 with England. been placed in the ticket collector' ilway Station, so that passenger fters which Ley may have The Ir in the nd Irel: per. of the fin The destruction of property is very lirge— culated at from £lO,OOO to £12,000. The whol Messrs. Farrar and Co.'s stock was consumed ; scarcely ten pounds worth was saved from any one o other premises. We are happy to learn that Mc M`Gee and Co., are insured ; also Mr. Gunning f flame .1 the fres' he ster Lghout the eans of r e was 15s CIILM , ,ol:room A. letter-bo: Lord c While a to the C P nee. It i e Stephen tal wreck WORKH( leir provir i" fru in. Ir her dainties bi I at lf. 50c ho there the furniture zed for debt, and en sea- state in iti the land CLEIWY his very mo f cluipelries iently tried the hich districts STANDARD `-%;gMaiIIMMN=MO3&'M=IMENI!Ip believe th his folio' lIGRA I others of t hrist Cl The au urches ; RISFI Plt [eplorabl era hay ands to s adopted his country Lovement now tionof the national pies' The writer, who evidi ig depot_ for the British arl W:arziNINIINI&,_ ly reps no con- TION TO THE ED . Sir,—The ately introduced the vie It h: the opir £14,00' defence 30t to C lied to Firstly Setlonc Ise of I mow, in the Prin The amour to be very `' exact tile commu by gold nation that the the ba regulati LIVERPOOL Ct TOR 0. RRENCY RE on cheap labour, ids fair to affect tt sited States gain tly has Ireland in view as a r( as at the Piospecf of . th ..werican cants, concludes by ranks i ardy Irish lg filled by _ saying, that it is safer not to give any fresh stimul movement which has already exceeded all human e rience DIRECT AND INDIRECT TAXATION CONTRASTED e Chra all be equally !ference to hi busted and that economy He then proceeds to differ from Mr. Cob, points, cepting in soi Mr. M. cont assertion that publi is not t direct taxation i 'et to be created. This liether rnly proper means to rais, and there would isseminating t: done, the sooner it is ould ligh an Mr. C ic, reduc isity foi en the burthen of taxatior bdenTs plan, which implies 25 to 50 per cent. of their werntnent, whi per cent. Supposing 4:1. how long should s of a coniparatively - non-taxed House s between 1835 and 1848) brink Alison on irect taxation the indirect' taxes, much are pai r forgotten in the enjoyment of th are laid, it (direct taxation) brine , xcitement of continual warfa the revenue. If In tt If the people t Direct taxatior work of d more eff as the on and working classes pay ,f weal Ur. Cobder stop th ere The vot of Commons would soon (a M., in support " "Unlike says he without being felt possible v g "ALoi KI off in that q STATESMAN t Peel." stered by commission. " If I 1 Rir I t Leominst ick by f aye a Prate, ronger that t from Ireland advocacy for these king& rightful meg d have 1 ball be Justi iigtrade and 3pulaton than -ithstanding the losse objects on which they ness of taxation in undisguised nakedness ic every individual, and produces, in consequence, a degree the bitt iscontent and exasperation, e Briti vstem ( Lis great conformir severe upot iity and by intry 3f the cc ak-note for three 'n in tl regula e amoun 33 aricable Ear "prig mercanti ank has London :orollan others FORM ASSOCIA r a sense of uncontrol- This Mr. ible necessity, can induce a nation to bear." M. considers to be a bitter satire on the folly of the to ex- iihequal contempt and in.di London tinker" b. R matte LIST UPO ,olicy of Sir Rob .el's policy Tories and That or übt of tt can Prognosticate the s, and the o be social ittteres h labour. hewer of le Salt 'tit teacha ble toil .ccount s the Can we spare tha rest THE LIVERPOOL which th s, forms attends its Morning Ch ants On the c adicatia Manifesto" thus dar ham R T ruin to c nrmitted ative to the ient, or a correc Lsts, to boast of it ,s notes, we were as toll, Proportion of ante of all have the the proce issue der xi as un Propo oald not 1 but if we tion of the •der to pr ontrolled rt Peel a Bank C west points ,ionate rep: uctuations of mine tt sterling s. ),350....10 6 ),110. ... 10 3 if goli ngle week, ns, to preserve any fixed proport of gold in it *tiers and its notes in t the Right Hon. Baronet's process i than the first. He tells us that ou o be given by " parties y id solvency," to which is to transacti of the greatest tr DARD. ide k 100,000 by the adher- y shall bE ity, and ediuni of in value aartment 1 11 1-10 g even tt issues in because (porter of the con icti Lo other c 'present 'alley w and ti 3U of the !city co -for isto bc :XPEDIE Tat part of at paper mo: d by gold: a to gold that su Bank of 7th of Sc held in ti ded in I thot that t folloviing eeded t ity of of IMITTEE A. Tinne, ehl or of N i of Nuisanc ;ee would a 11, cont presented f that localit to a pa] I the Me but he cc :ee should n nairmai d) he s not t Onarepre ) the Albert b s they refit een before Ir. To bad n, nding orders c They c s then pas: EXTRAORD have given eh re to the char by the Mercur. station, ,000,000 ert that LOCAL ME memorial was re, er to control any fixed amot ;he disc unt fund is establishes no more c the adv Lection betw id the other in York. But it f that if the fund for discount to be limited and regulate and above £14,000,000 not r their solvency, when that fund is by the withdraWitl of - gold fron This had, doubtless, iverpool Currency ReForm Association, to investigate the present system d and commerce of this empire by the THURSDA' Sub-c flow th nr the p had no. 'bey had but to pursue t inhabitants of Kirk ie sewered. it am 1 the comer iceived s report Dcument A cm for a .t of or Lnless the ion by t: let, whe a confir 8. Th RY SC Water date of the 7tl e pumped to w ns of it of Mr. IT Jan. 2, 18494 TiIL —There were TINGS, and ten other made his weekly report. Mr, 'resh on his weekl lation C .6.. week previ be sum lISTRALIA the follow it from th, ,ter of an emigrant to his b 1848.—1 t is the beginnii then in En, of a late a .nd very r tinter season ; the weather is beautiful oa might have in England in May or beginnin his and the imence pleasa , in a m population is per, in about 800 per cent m the pa , er week, labourers blaCksmitt extract gland : nd wet I live s : the id most healthy seasons of the yea istriet, that of the Burrs, Burrs Mi t £1,600. The country, like most min and unproductive as regards the ve- )rld, but never was there a place so rich in cop small a compass; in the space of about 500 MO, and twenty fathoms in depth, the last twelve as paid more than £lOO,OOO in dividends, or Miners' boy of seven years of age earns a pound, flour £lO to .£l2 a ton, su *o 2 ?ound ; all vegetables both scarce and D 41d, a pound, tea ls. 3 past India produce is cheap , dear; slop clothes much the . dearer ; but clothes made by a good tailor are den. NEW CRISIS AT RONlE. — lntelligence has been recei._ `Oth inst., from which it composed of the bourgeosie rom Roll of the 19th and vic guard .rs that tn, in Eng and the regular troops, turned out in great fort. present ing a formidable body of 9,000 armed men, icluding artillery, well supplied with ammunition, and deer , to drive out of Rome the agitators and demagogues w, bad assembled there from other places, to support order arid facilitate the regular march of Government, but above t on the speedy On the 19th, at four p.m., the / [vocation of the ( in hour afterwards the Civic Guard I in the Piazza SS. Apottoli, with two The lin- lermine ,stituent suddenly heard Piazza de .airy. The remaininz artillery was an the esplanade of the fort St. Ang, patrols paraded the city. At 9 o'clock Sterbini appeared on a balcony, and, after a flattering speech to the Civic Guard, he said that the Junta was composed and its first would be to propose a Constituent Assembly to He added, that, to adhere to the wishes Guard, they would expel from Rome those feces of cannon were en th, Venezia, b, and stron, on a balcony measur the Chambers of the persons who were behaved to be the perturbators of public tranquillity. The troops and Civic Guard then retired. At three p.m., on the following 'day, the generale was again heard, and the Civic Guard assembled to main tain order. The Junta published a proclamation on the 20th, •in which they declare that they will only con- Lce till a Constituent Assembly of the Roman 1 Una,. •••••,..in nvvri "...A ;tonic nn A. ..0424;n. .4 tinue in off States shat political form of the state ; and they will h as possible, the moment when such an as shall meet MORE SOCIALIST BLASPEEMY.—The Journal deg Di bats of Tuesday gives the following disgraceful report of the second Christmas banquet of the " Socialist Female Democrats," at the Salle Valentine. About SOO guests assembled (the majority of the male sex), including seve ral women and children ; and a large number of indivi duals attracted by curiosity, having no doubt thus re sponded to the appeal made by these ladies in the follow ing terms :—" In spite of the odious or absurd diatribes fulminated against them by the reactionary journals, the Socialist Female Democrats continue their work of fra ternal propaganda. With this object in view, they have organized a new banquet, which will take place on the 25th—the day of Christ's nativity. They especially in vite thereto those who calumniate without knowing them. It is time that this festivity of Christmas, instituted in honour of the first Socialist—of the man who came into the world to preach the abolition of all privileges and all forms of slavery—it is time that this festivity—circum scribed for 2,000 years within the narrow circle of the civilized family—should re-unite in the bonds of a holy communion all who, like the Divine master, reap, as the reward of their ardent , l ove of humanity, a harvest of huma festivi brothers It is time that the great 1 "! e to the perfect Come, then, tempt, derision, and abuse u family should perform a pr( ties reserved for it by the future And you, still hesitating women, coin once more invijorate yonr hearts courage at these fraternal love feast words of our father, -Verily, verily, I those who s h a ll assemble in my name it 2 and reanimate your Remember the ay unto you, that n order to feed on words, shall find me in the midst of them.' " It was announced, as usual, that the Montagnard deputies would attend, but it appears tint MM. Pierre Leroux and Felix Pyat were the only members of the National Assembly that honoured the banquet with their august presence. The price of the tickets of admission to the " holy sacra ment," at which " bread and wine" were to be allowed £l.OOO ie houses lullan, to the exte ,owever, cover dependent of £472 in notes, which Were in )p, and which were consume Mr. John Mullen, tabl ;nificent ment in ( k, valued at £5,000, and a sum of £472, y : notes, which had been deposit€ tory of the house. Mr. Mullan ipally aesk in the t of £l,OOO, so that hi INTELLIG. r compensation in dan t under the following the son of the plains ill be immense- to the exten last week, to re breach of 'contra, as insui s for a clergyman) having received an appointment as Cadet in the service of the East_ India Company, his father was anxious to obtain suitable accommodation for his conve ance to India. A cabin was engaged in the starboard side of the ship Brahmin, of which the defendant (Thompson) am of £BO was agreed owner, and or which the to be paid. The £l5 to £2 abin was fitted up at from .i At Gravesend the cabin was take from the youth, rth £4O was assigned to him, had been previously other cat engaged by an officer of the 10th Hussars was, that no distinct agreement was made with respect to the cabin in question. The jury found for the plaintiff— damages £5O. on the The defence COURT AND FASHION The Christmas festivities have comme ;astle, where a large party has as er Majesty. On Thu !ed at Windsor ,mbled on a visit to Shakspere's play of evening " The Merchant of Venice" was performed by company of players in a theatre erected in the Rubens Room. It is to be followed by others. This is a new feature in the royal amusements. THE CHILISTIdAS TREE AT WINDSOR CASTL Christmas tree is aer!ua . ,l!y_ prepared, by . her Ma, command, for the royal children The tree a this festive purpose i; ieror branch are arranged a dozen wax tapers. Pendant from the branches are elegant trays, baskets, bonbonniers, and other recep tacles for sweetmeats, of the most varied kind, and of all forms, colours, and degrees of beauty. Fancy cakes, gilt gingerbread, and eggs filled with sweetmeats, are also sus pended by variously coloured ribands frbm the branches. six tiers of brand The tree, which stands upon a table covered with whit damask, is supported at the root by piles of sweets or larger kind, and by toys and dolls of eve description, suited to the youthful faney and to the .os, of are die- £loall 1 In the Cot divitluals I bury. Direct several. the scions of royalty for whose ratification the played. The name of each recipient is affixed ti bonbon, or other present intended for it, so that no differ ence of opinion in the choice of dainties may arise to dis turb the equanimity of the illustrious juveniles. On the summit of the tree stands the small figure of an angel, with outstretched wings, holding in each hand a wreath. Similar trees are arranged in various - apartments of the Castle for the Duchess of Kent and the royal household. to doll, These trees are objects of much interest to all visitors at the Castle, from Christmas-eve, when they are first set up, until 'Tvelfth-night, when they are finally removed. They are not accessible to the curiosity of the public, bttt her Majesty's visitors accompany the Queen from room to room to inspect them when they are illuminated. Her Majesty's tree is furnished by his Royal Highness Prince Albert, whilst that of tbe Prince is furnished according to to the taste of her Majesty. The other trees are jointly provided by her Majesty and the Prince, who plan and arrange the gifts of the table. The. Duke de Nemours and the - Duke "and Duchess d'Aumale, with their suite, have visited Oxford during the past week. They were accompanied by the'Rev. Mr. Hudson, chaplain to the Queen Dowager, and attended by him and the Rev. George Rawlinson, of Exeter College, they inspected the principal obj versit% of interest in SIR AUGUSTUS D'Esm—Died, on Thursday mottling ugustus Frederic d'Este, son of his late Royal High 4 the Duke of Sussex, by Lady Augusta Murray daughter of tho Earl of Dun More, to whom his Royal Highness was married at Rome in 1793. Upon the death of the Duke, in 1843, Sir Augustus Frederic preferred his claim to succeed to the titles and honours of his father, and the claim was heard by the House of Lords in that year, whey', after proof was given of the mar father and mother; and on the of Sir Augnsius Fred :ern per, 1 , £4l 15s Queen's Bench, a few days riven against them id verdicts e railway projects, called lidland Oi i they had respe go, three 'tisement 'on and Severn nd Shrews , ctively bee *mmit- FROM A RAILWAY TRAIN —The 'Berwic, he lollowing accident on t In the course of seamen, a captair was John Blac ast week the sloop yemouth harbour, water- The owner being apprised id a mate, to take charge 01 and the mate's David Rat a name left Dundee on Saturday morning, and at Edinburgh took out second-class tickets by the mail train to Ayton. They were acquainted with the locality, and therefor( e most convenient place at rain to gain Eyemouth, They kept and, as the mail train does not stop ved to leap from th^ aware that 13urimouth was which to leave tl their seats at Ayton at Burnmouth, they had resol 'Triage I whilst the train was in motion. This they d ington-bridge, about a mile and a balf from Ayton t Flem. It was' then nearly eight o'clock, and consequently dark. Having thinwn their bundles out, the . mate leaped first and the captain immediately after. The former had his arm fractured and his shoulder seriously bruised, and for some time it would appear he lay on the ground insensi ble. On recovering, he managed to get to the Ayton station, and there communicated what had taken place. As he had seen nothing of the captain, he suggested that something serious must have happened to him ; where upon the attendants proceeded along the line to ascertain. They came upon the body of the captain, lying in the drain. He was quite dead; his skull was fractured, and his face seriously bruised. The place of the accident was . , a shallow cutting in the rock, and it is supposed that, having struck the hard side of the way, ho had rebounded into the drain, where, falling on his face, he had proba bly been suffocated. POLITICAL lIIISC. r.i'L L A NY. Mr. Roebuck is at Bury t;ing toinsinuate himself into the good graces of the electors in anticipation of Mr. Walker the present member retiring. talk still exists, than Russell to propose a t it is the intention of Lord J.. ty on corn, as he can ill afford o part with two millions of revenue. Stranger things have happened. Parliament, however, will soon meet ; and till then, the public must wait patiently. _ FINANCIAL REFORM.—On Wednesday a public meet ing, under the auspices of the Financial Reform Associa tion, was held in the Waterloo-rooms, Edinburgh, for the purpose of passing resolutions in favour of economy and retrenchment in the national expenditure. The meeting was very numerously and respectably attended. Amongst those on the platform were the Lord Provost, Charles Cowan, Esq:, M.P., William Chambers A. Dunlop, Esq., advocate, &c. A HINT FOR THE PREMIER.—Dr. Murray, the Dean of Aradagh, says, in a letter just published, " Should the present government be so infatuated as to bring in a mea sure for the endowment of Popery in this country, the only property they could, with any semblance of justice, make available for that purpose, would be the property once belonging to the monastic institutions, now in the hands (as already remarked) of the landed proprietors of England and Ireland ; and as the endowment of the Ro mish Church in Ireland must, as the natural consequence, be followed by that of the same Church in England " The Convent Garden," now called " Covent Garden,' of London, would be a pleasing and disinterested kind of first-fruits to devote to this their favourite measure. This subject is especially worthy of Lord John Russell's serious consideration_ ' , Es9•r Tnz TIMES" ON THE CI'REENCY. — Tt is not for us ivine " what's in the wind ;" but neither Louis Na poleon's election, nor Cobden's "bold stroke" for the chancellorship of the exchequer, could be more startling thal certain letters which have recently found a promi nent place in the Times, coolly proposing not only paper in lieu of gold, but a positive reduction of the standard ! Remembering the fierceness of the Times, only a twelve month since, towards any one who ventured to breathe a word against the Peel and Jones Loyd system—even to wards the ministers themselves, for infringing the act of 1844—we should have expected to find any correspondent who proposed to establish a state bank, for the iss he powers t, being. ind aat in, irectly who submit and on the sell flict. The object is that the people taxed, may not see " the bitterness of taxation in undi blessing we arei according t limit to our nd her laims that our burdens are a taxed him, the - rem bertirra, mo ,11131/14 prOiperity, according, to hill weight of taxation is placed on Mr. M'Culloch tells us that the magnitude of so long as a sufficient he industry of the country burden influences ve occassionedl'efforts of industr and which we iould in vain ha national *nom) to produce by any less powerful means-' writer of the letter under notice to state how many who have failed b have reached ti But (says the Mr. M'CulloCh forgot he wa Itarted and heart-brok ie prison, how many the poorhouse ; hoW many have died early, how many have suffered late, or what the sum of human misery whicl uman ear has never heard of, all as the fruits, the bitter'fruits, of these ime national burdens of which he seems so much en- Is it not to be regretted that, through the in- amoured of class legislation, the people are not permitted to enjoy the reward which accrues from such indomitable perseverance. Mr. Porter supports the same doctrine as Mr. M'Culloch. But the resort, as in his time, from di rect to indirect taxation arose from the simple fact that the landed and monied interests of that day found it of advantage to themselves to throw their own proper lia bilities on the shoulders of every man, woman, and child in the country, and that—with the desire to prevent " the bitterness of taxation being brought in undisguised naked ness " before the people, was the consideration which in duced Pitt, and other ministers after him, to prefer indirect taxation. The landed and 'honied interests were their masters ' and they had but the alternative of obe dience or discharge. Towards the end of his letter, Mr. Macdonald says :—" Under the operation of the direct system of taxation, the law-makers and the government would be economical for their own sakes. What they spent they themselves would pay, and pay largely. To the man of twenty or thirty thousand pounds a year, who yment of £lOOO per a mind, it is of very may now, if he choos annum to the State, or less if he ha piss off on pa he says, but he is in the way of receiving a .ge from this exercise of his patriotism. the church, the colonies, petit* or six double advent There 'is the the nay H , and not a few commissions at home. e has a brother, a son, or some other relative, who, of rnurse, is qualified for either, as the vacancy may happen to arise; and then, if real danger there be to the country, he gets his pro perty, which yields him his £30,000 a year, protected and sustained in value, at an additional cost of 'in increase on his tea of 3cl: or 6d. per pound ! But that would not cover the proportion of increased expense for protecting his property ;. Ana as he does not pay for its protection, some other person must ; and that other person, and the millions in the same station of life, are the parties who, out of their scanty earnings, chiefly support the State and its reckless extravagance, industry paying, in one way or other, little short of fifty millions, against the balance of pillions, or so, piid by real property. Direct tax ation would, by equalising the burthen, place on the shoulders of _each man his proper share, and each man Id pay precisely according to the' stake he had in the country, and would know what the government cost him. If we want economy, there is the course to ensure it, and to ensure it effectually and permanently. Again 1 must repeat, make your law-makers and rulers pay their just shares of the public burthens, and their own sufferings and necessities will make them economical. In their very selfishness the country will have a' guarantee for protection, andindustry a guarantee•for the enjoyment of its rew. We have only room for another quotation, in which the writer tlus enumerates some of the principal advantages of direct taiation " The cost of the necessaries of life would be reduced by the change, not to the extent of the duty alone, (wit ness the case of salt, which bore a 30s. duty, with a selling price of 40s.,"but which fell when the duty was taken off, not to 10s., but to 3s. 6d.,) but from twenty-five to thirty per . cent. beyond, on an average, which is now added to cover Profits on duties and other outlays, occasioned by the existinglsystem, so that a man could live in - this coun try as comfortably on moderate means as he could in any other country in the world, while now his existence is but one centinued struggle between state-treated poverty and his desire to maintain a respectable position. Merchants and trades Men could carry on their present business on one half the capital now required, or do double the busi ness on the same capital." d' wholl , .ntry. :gardless of the internal condition of The Chivnicyis greatly Reform Associatic " standard of vat proposed a pla goodness to enlighten the public on this plain what are his v , s Oh a Currency lion, in their manifesto, have fortunately not themselves to so egregious a I writer in the C onicle favour lade it his refer to author, Mr. Harris, thi aster to the mint, he would have found that that 'oramittecl Himself by speaking of a ' well knowing that such a thing cou lever exist When that uthor makes reference , asure of Value," this is his linurnai I'IMS, MONEY is a STANDARD MEASURE by whit values of all things are regulated and ascertained ; a at the same time, the /ue or equival V by which gooli are exchanged, and in which contracts are made payable. So that money is not a pledge to be afterwards redeemed; but is both an equivalent and a measure ; being in all contracts, the very thing usually bargained for. as well as the immure of the bargain : '* and in the next page he observes measures the t is also what is Money is always the standard that rlue of commodities ; and most commonly, given for them, or the equivalent with or for which they are purchased." At pa:g, though we kon by money, yet labui 1 skill are th, main standards by which the 'value of are ultimately ascertained." or mo; Now when Mr. Harris wrote his essays, nQ knowledge of the enormous powers of production by the application of steam power to machinery ; nor did he possess any idea of a Bank-constructed on the present system under the Bank Charter, declaring £14,000,000 notes to be legal tender as money in all transactions of trade and commerce. It is the admission of this fact into the Bank Charter which has destroyed the " principle" boasted of by the framers of that act, viz., that their notes " exactly conform to geld in value." That the Bank has hitherto been able to exchange kold for its notes we do not attempt to deny, but we may ask at what cost ? In being able to accom plish this object it has been driven to destroy the credit of thousands of solvent merchants to maintain its own These remarks are not intended to 'apply to th of the Bank directors, but to a system that Compels them to become the spoliators of property to defend themselves. The great point to be decided is, whether merchants will consent to permit the commercial transactions of this country to be regulated and measured by the pxtent of gold that may happen to be in the Bank of England, or whether they will regulate them by the extent of our industrial demands and the productions of British labour. The-Liverpool Currency Reform Association will have no had no re conduct fficulty - in establishing one "great fact"—that a measure of value need not consist of a material of equal value to the thing which it measures ; and the most un questionable demonstration of this is given by the issue of £14,000,000 on government securities. The recommendation of the Chronicle Robert Peel's famous question, " What is a pound answer Sir would occupy too much of your space to enter upon now ; but it is suggestive of an interesting amusement. We would recommend that during this season of festivity, the merchants of Liverpool should introduce amongst their after-dinner amusements a set of questions such as the following, to be called " Peel's Puzzles for 1849." "What is a Pound ? " What is . Free Trade P What is Capital ?" " What is Curiency ?' " What is Labour ?" " What are Wa Dec. 26, 1848 FABRICIUS *Harris's Essays, r A CLERGYMAN OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, AND HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PILLS.— izeEolent pastor, residing in Belfast, (whose is withheld by his desire,) was applied to by a r woman of his parish, who had been afflicted for years with an awfully bad ' leg, with 16 wounds, a. so extremely painful that she could not place her •.t on the ground. Feeling for her povertk and suff. .gs ' this humane gentleman presented her with a . 'ply of Holloway's Ointment' and Pills, which 4:lu. y healed her leg in about five weeks, although she ha Benin the Dublin Hospital - for severe months and consulted several other medical men in Belfast without benefit. afair imr mg out ti HAABOR Sir, do you m, Mr. DANso sternly in the Mr. HARFIC your nose here The CHAIRM Mr. HAtisoe be in!sulted by ful con and Mr. Jame Mr. IDANso Mr. HARBOR Mr. DANSON )W to behave , Mr. HARE quiry in this e Mr. DANSO Mr. "HARBOi Mr. DANSON are shirking Mr. HARE very wrong i now going of • Mr. Dansc very many page THE ACTIO PEAKS ssertio unexampled bola which Damson (Uproi aid be r .er him, said ) say I am no i.(Great upi rder, if you p is of the comfit. arid at en keep my temper. t none of your CXCUS you. Yol 1 very sor a are no rer, sir, was the pers Lot behave themse gentlemen of It make what the press use you 1. In of Mr. Bennett, here (half•pa great confusion, and the inqu urned sine die. although there of Mr. Scott's report to be real tt7 BETWEEN THE SHANNON "This action was (and he it was r equalled ur na►al annal Captain wounded : this indeed wa place on which he received his we that would be deeply felt, it v enemy's ship. The Chesapeake had `or the engagement. S ail, N o other shin was of extraord bour in full test was to be singly be called fair where t fairly decided, if a uperiority ir. of metal, and in dimensions were all on on Chesapeake's company consisted of 440 picke 50 tons board forty-eight guns. The Shannon was mai 130 hands less than the Chesapeake,y and she w thirtY-eight gun frigate. shot was fired u were yard arm to yard arm sides was incessant, but no ous attack of the Shannon INOL I, when the exchange of :fling could r her firinz and a spirit so ,unabat :sitat the t: a main chains were precision, energy , over all difficulties. The ene in the fore chains of the Shannon, when the or boarding was giver! by Captain Broke, and was lost in carrying that order into ex, boarders rushed at the same moment deck, from every part of the Shannon, into the t ship. The Chesapeake was carried, possession in the course of three gaged the minutes oprnen topmen of the Shannon even .E Chesapeake. He was warranted in saying that ti was accomplished in less than fifteen minutes, k . Captain e fore,- only three were occupier was cut down by a sabr Chesapeake in boarding Such was ti blow o and it may be and most of h gallant action Broke v lative of Devongh re natives of that county and Cornwall to were as one famil shed by the most captain was considered one of the most human anti skilful officers in the service. The orders .sapeake coming out, . -udder and wheel, "be( he must not get away. zumpp tstan t n our The lei pline keh