The Sun. — London, England, 1840-09-23 00:00:00

EVEN ING EDITION . MOINE k - MARKET and CITY NEWS (TUESDAY EVENING.) CHRONICLE.—The confirmation of the rumour which we noticed yesterday of the refusal of Sancho to eccept office produced a further decline in Spanish Bands ; and the demands of the Junta " for securities" are looked upon as involving fresh matter for disagree ment between kern and the Queen Regent. It is be lieved that Espartero will continue in his usual straight forward course, but under those conflicting elements the speculators are at a stand-still, and the feeling to day, as evinced by the state of the market, is that things in Spain may be worse before they are better. A member of the Committee of Spanish Bondhold r3. part of whose letter appears in the Chronicle of to-day, is angry at a supposed violation of a pledge of secrecy which, it seems, existed between the members of the Board as to the particulars of Count Lara's plan. At a period like the present, when certain distinguished correspondents of some of our Contemporaries publish secret conventions and trea ties so unexpectedly, our correspondent ought not to hare taken this matter so deeply to heart. In other respects we have only to observe that it is a mistaken notion to suppose that a point can , be gained by confounding facts with hard words. This gentle man aPoumes that a charge was substituted against Count Lara wishing to extract money from the packets of the bondholders, and then proceeds most summarily to destroy the imaginary fabric which he had raised by declaring it to be " false and unfounded." The plan of Count Lara may now be numbered among the thin go that were, and peace be with its ashes. We war not with the dead, but think it right to say that we gave the outlines of it in the Chronicle of Monday, the 2lst instant, just as we had been able to collect them, and then remarked, not in special refer ence to it more than to any other, but as a general principle in regard to the settlement of the foreign debt of Spain, that " v e discountmance ail plans based upon any principle of creating more stock, or extracting money from the pockets of the bondholders." To that principle we adhere. HERALD.—The fruit-growers this year have been Almost ruined by the high price of the article, it having been alnaost totally impossible for the principal consump tion of their produce to go on without the necessary ad junct of sugar. This state of things was foreseen, and was some time since brought under the notice of Go vernment, who found themselves on the horns of a dilemma. In answer to a petition signed by parties of all denominations, grocers, importers, and consumers, the 3 stated, " It is very true that sugar bears a high price, but we cannot admit the sugar produced in the H.st Indian independent possessions, although it comes here as a return for our manufactured goods, without violating a treaty with Brazil, by which we are bound, whenever we make any reduction in protecting duties, to give her the preference ; and if we do reduce the duty on Brazil sugar, indirect encouragement i 3 given to the shire trade, which we have recently paid so hand somely to put down ; therefore, we can do nothing for you ;'' and there the matter must rest ; consumers must pay for ail the blunders. The matter being thus ar ranged, attention was naturally drawn, when the price of the produce of our West Indian colonies became so l i high as to render the payment of the higher rate of duty expedient (makin t -, with the additional five per cent. put on for the benefit of the penny postage, a difference of 41s. 3d. per cwt.), to the descriptions most beenficial for our own consumption, and it was discovered that Havannah sugar would answer better than any other. One cargo was allowed to be cleared, and then, for the first time, it was discovered that this sugar was refined, and all further clearances were stopped. The present position is, that with a reduced consumption in consequence of the increased prices, the stock, even after all the year's supplies have come in, will be equal to not more than twelve weeks' consumption, and that for the want of a little foresight the duty of 665. l Id. per cwt., or nearly 103. more than was formerly paid for the article both to the planter and revenue, and this in addition to the interest on the twenty millions raised for the sudden emancipation of persons unable without education to appreciate the value of liberty, will be drawn from-the pockets, of principaliy the lower el :saes. POST.—The intelligence from China published yesterday in a third edition of the Times has been treated as a great absurdity, and the excitement in the tea trade has entirely subsided in the course of the pre sent day. It is observed in the City that the same journal is almost daily falling, into some erroneous an nouncements of a similar description ; during the last two years the Times havirg loaded his columns with al most endless and unintelligible stories about the Bank of the United States— an institution the affairs of which it is now perceived that our worthy Contemporary does not in reality understand. The suspension of business at the' bank of the late 1 Mr. Harnmersley, though not affecting the City to any extent, is mentioned as a true curiosity in banking affiirs ; but it is not doubted that the true cause has been given iu the paper which appears on the door of the bank. The subject of Spanish finances continuos to en gage attention in the City, and the determination ap pears to grow daily more apparent that the English bondholders will not rest satisfied with the present sys tem of imposture, corruption, bribery, and intrigues, by which a few colossal fortunes are swollen at the expense of the long-suffering creditors of Spain. Amongst other new views which have been opened out by our exposure of the job lease of the Almaden quicksilver mines is the extensive injury which this monopoly has inflicted on very numerous branches of Spanish, Eng hsb, and South American trade. Following the usual operations of monopolists, it appears that the lessees of the Almaden quicksilver mines fur the last four years have determined upon doubling the value of the artlele of quicksilver, having it in their power to command any price by the limitation of the supplies of a commodity than which non© is in a more pressing and indispensable de mand. The price of quicksilver has in this manner been raised from 33. 6d. to Gs. per ounce, entirely because the lessees of the Almaden mines think proper that such shall be the value of the commodity, and because it is more profitable to command a high price for a limited supply, on which a small amount of money has bt e paid in labour, than to raise abundant supplies and to silt the commodity at a fair and reasonable rate In con sequence of the advance of 100 per cent. in the value of quicksilver, this great article of consumption has been doubled in vala.: to the manufacturers of England, where it is extensively us.;cl—to the gold mines of South Ame rica. where every ingenuity has been exercised in vain to discover some substitute for its use—and to the whole world, in a dou:,le price of ail the medicinal preparations of mercury, which alone can be bought from the les] sees of the Almaden mines. Besides all these unjust levies of profits by the lessees of these mines, it appears from the work of a recent very intelligent traveller that these mines being worked in so limited a manner has caused a great deal of discontent and distress in the neighbourhood of the Almaden mines, where the labourers reason upon the injustice of the case to foreign capitalists, and complain that a letter from London can order no more quick silver to be raised for months, thus throwing a whole population out of work. Viewing this lease of the Almaden' mines in all its results, as diminishing by half a million per annum the revenues of Spain, levying probably another half a million per annum upon the world in the advanced value of quicksilver, and as dis tressing a part of the population of Spain, by forcibly preventing the quicksilver mines from being worked to in fluence of fair extent, it becomes apparent how fir the of these monopolies extend, and how vain are the hopes of the creditors of a country the best of the public properties of which are monopolised in the manner of these Almaden mines. TIMES.—Much further attention has been directed to-day to the stoppage of Harnmersle Y 's bank, and it i s not goin g too f ar to say that there are many persons who are not satisfied with the cause as s igned for that stoppa ge . Considering the very serious consequences involv e d i n t h e mere suspension of business by a bank mofigtbbtis surely have b they remark th at some exped i ent een hit upon, su pp os i ng t h e re sources of thi s b ank to be as extensive a s th e y gene rally were co nce i ved to be daily current engagements o,f t o b r at least meet i ng t h e e house. The answer made to-day to application s for payments of v ar i ous kinds was, that no i n f ormation could b e g i ven respect jog the covse to be taken until after M on d ay next, being a psisitive d e l a y of a whole week, i s a matter which to most of the customers of the house must papreea not that t h e connex ions be of immediate necessity. It , ions of this house in the City that the deposits they held were chiefly numer ous but fiytahos of th e nobility and great landed proprietors, an o th er engagements, for the mo s t p art , were that their with credits the coetinontal houses, upon whom they furnished for the use of travellers and r es id en t absentees. T here has been consequently no great inconvenience felt i n the city at this event, though the utmost anxiety i s ex _ pressed, seeing what consequences may react up on the city from t'ie continent, by the return of bills or otherwise, to harp the coarse intended to be pursued .by the executors or whatever persons arc bow to be take n as the representatives of the house. It is not re collected that any case exaely parallel to this has ever occurred before, and it is conceived that the circum stave of the whale concern being dependent en the life of a single individual must have been quite unknown to the customers generally. .11N.—.This afternoon tho Foreign Exchanges were heavy, the rates coming over rather against vs from all the principal continental cities. This state of things has also an unfavourable influence on the funds. The rates at which bills were 12 2 tb Inegociated were these—Paris 25f. iac. to 37 i0 to 11, Antwerp i, Harnburgh 13 to 71. and Frankfurt 148 i. The banking firm of to 74, the only surviving partner in which, died sodd ew having suspended business y a day or two si nce, coacket ßlOssa o t i ori tp to some arrange ment as to thD future the son being a minor, it is feared that much inconvenience will be ex-' perienced by various members of the English gentry, travelling abroad, and depending for their temporary supplies of cash on their circular drafts with which they had provided themselves from this bank, where such large amounts were drawn in the course of the year. We need hardly observe, however, that not the slightest danger exists as to their ultimate liquidation. Consols for money declined to-day from 88/ to 888 to i ; for time, from 88i to Bi%, 3-, the market closing heavily. Exchequer Bills brought 6 to 8 premium, India Stock was dull at 246, and the New Three-and a-Half per Cents. dropped to 978 to -i. The Foreign Market was dull, with the excep , ion of Spanish Bonds,in which there was rather a large business done, at a decline from 23 to 22k to i l- Portuguese New Five per Cents. receded from 328 to 324 to 1 ; and the Three per Cents. from 22 to 214 to i ; Co lombian Stock was heavy at 23 to 224 ; Belgian Five per Cents. were ra th er fi rm a t 99 ; and Dutch Two , and-a-Half per Cents. did not go below 558. I Shares were d ea lt i n t o so m e ext e nt, a n d realized on the average good prices. Some of the lines, indeed, we:e rather lower, but, on the other hand, an advance oc.airred in one or two of the favourites. The nearest pfees obtained this afternoon, were Great Western 22 ; New 81 , Gosport Junction 3 ; South Western 148 ; Birmingham 80 ; and Quarter ditto 22i premium. Brighton were 101: Blackwell 3 ; Eastern Counties 12 ; North Midland 14/ ; and Midland Counties 17 di3count. Union Bank of Australia Shares were marked 61 premium. The market closed with less firmness and buoyancy than it exhibited early in the day. The tollowing is the official return of the exports of bullion from the port of London in the week, ending 1 Thursday last : Gold Coin to the Mauritius l,OOO oz. Silver ditto to Rotterdam Ditto ditto to Hambro' lO.OOO oz. Ditto Bars to Rotterdam 5,000 oz. GLASGOW COLLEGE. DR. CHALMERS. We had the exclusive honour—if such it may be called—of announcing last Saturday, " that Dr. Chal mers was a Candidate for the Chair of Divinity, now vacant in the University of Glasgow." Tile announcement was scouted by some of our eiteemed Contemporaries. They said it was " a mere invention of the enemy;" that there was ■e foundation whatever for it ; and that the illustrious Doctor would live and die in the bosom of Modern Athens. Forth comes the Guardian of Tuesday, the oracle of our Reverend Friends John, James, and Robert, now tolerably well known in this locality, and lo ! our state ment is confirmed. Dr. Chalmers is. a Candidate for the vacant Chair of Divinity in our University, and they are " infidels" who don't believe now in the announce ment ! And a singular announcement it surely is. Poor Dr. Chalmers ! Who would have thought, sonic twelve years ego, that he would have deserted this city of Gotham for the sake, inter alia, " ry` the wee (Anglice, small bit of a little endowment,) bi: endoomentie," (these were his own words,) in Modern Athens. Yet, after securing that, " the mark," we were told, of his " high ca!line in the East, off he comes (is it in the true " Non- Intrusion" style ?) to secure the lager bit of endoo mentie which he fancies has now opened up for him in the West. " May my right hand forget its cunning —may my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth, if I forget thee, 0 Jerusalem, my chiefcst joy." That was the text : these were the very words selected by Dr. Chalmers himself, when he delivered his Farewell sermon from St. John's pulpit in Glasgow, which sermon we had the felicity of hearing from his own lips. Charmed as we then were with the powers of his eloquence, little did we think, from the " parting tears then shed, that any " Endoomentie in Glasgow College—far less these temporal things, the loaves and fishes—would ulti mately become " his chiefest joy," and tempt him back again. But the Doctor remembers his text. See how it comes home to him, after all. He first left Kilmeny, in the East neuk of Fife, to come to Glasgow, for the sake (who doubts it ?) of the additional " wee bit en doomentie." He next left the old Tron in the Tron gate, for the sake (who doubts it ?) of the new and more enlarged tabernacle of St. John's in the Gallow gate. Getting there, he itched (who doubts it ?) to be come a Prqfessor in St. Andrew's. Well, he obtained St. Andrew's, there to enjoy (as was supposed) his °awn cunt dignitate. But that would not do. The Doctor must have a larger sphere, a loftier influence, and con sequently a larger stipend for his " labours of love." And so, such was the charm of his name—or as old blind Alick, the defunct Glasgow fiddler, used to sing on the public streets— " Of all our ministers there are not any Like Thcmai Chalmers from Kilmeny." And so (we repeat) the Doctor "in due course," was " transposed" from St. Andrew's to Edinburgh. He throve there, i. e. in the latter place, as we were all told, " amazingly well." The divinity students were perfectly enchanted with him (vide Guardian). They gave him soirees, or they had, soirees in honour of him, once, twice, and again—long before curtain " vaga bonds" caricatured him per the Reel o' Bogie ; and the champions of the Church, the real orthodox men and true, made him Moderator or Governor of the Church ; but in return for all this civility, alas! shall we say it, the Doctor has Jumped Jim Crow For he has Wheeled about, And turned about, And now absolutely wishes to desert " Modern Athens," and to nestle near his old habitation in the Gallowgate of Glasgow, not to " excavate the heathen," which we were lately told was the Doctor's sole aim, but to fleece the students "on a larger scale," to the tune of some hundreds of pounds sterling per annum-0 extra for his own pocket. In plain words, the " in Glasgow (sweet clerical word) is better than the living in Edinburgh. That is the real secret of this move—setting the Non-Intrusion question altogether aside. We admit (seriously) that we have a high and un feigned respect for all the great and varied talents of this most eminent Divine. But he is now getting, we suspect, into •' the scar and yellow leaf ;" and yet he has dexterity enough to observe his own famous re cipe, which he was wont to communicate with great glee to others, viz., "Mind the butter—Be sure to mind the butter." With these rough and rude, or as some may think, most impious and shocking bad observations, we part hoc state with Dr. Chalmers, who, although he has been ingratiating himself this week by his statistical details, &c., with the Members of the British Association, con vened in this city, can never, we suspect, be Profess(); of Divinity in this University. The Reel of Bogie has almost finished him !—Seotelz Reformers' Gazette. TRIAL OF MADAME LAFFARGE. SEPT. 18.—This day's proceedings, owing to a delay of the estafctte, allows us to give no more than the fol lowing short summary : M. Paillet concluded his address to-day. The Advocate-General delivered his reply, in the course of which he introduced the question of the rob bery of the diamonds. M. Bac then requested that the hearing might be adjourned till Saturday, to deliver his address, as he was not prepared on :the question of the robbery, not expecting that it would be brought forward. A juryman supported this application, and the Court assenting, the proceedings were postponed till Saturday morning, at seven o'clock. The Phalange gives the folio ring anecdote of M. Laf farge, for the truth of which it vouches :—" When he contemplated a second marriage, with a view to better his fortune, a poor peasant girl of his country became suddenly rich, from a legacy of 500,000 f. left her by an uncle. M. Laffarge made overtures to her, engaged her father in his favour, and used every means to induce the young woman to accept him. She, however, was repugnant to the match, pleaded her youth, being only 15, and entreated her father to place her at a school in a neighbouring town, and there she was sent. As Laf farge continued his pursuit, she removed to Orleans, and afterwards with some money which her uncle's (x:- eutor had given her, fled with her servant, who was an elderly woman, to Paris. The persevering suitor, rather than lose the chance of the dower, followed the damsel to the capital, and, as the friend of her father, lodged a complaint against the duenna for running away with a minor. The Commissary of Police presented himself ; but the heiress remained unshaken, explained to him and the examining magistrate the motives of her conduct and the object of her persecutor, from whose importunities she was for ever released. The young peasant girl is now the happy wife of a man of honour and distinction." A despatch from Tulle, which reached Paris late on Monday a f ternoon, announced, that the jury having brought i n a verdict of guilty, with extenuating circum stances agai ns t M a d ame Laffarge, she was sentenced to hard labour fur life. TUE INDII'TP. ---- Was l'f ing in the E lndiae" gave an : , ceotitit. when she which w e some East Trots ' A m - srl I P.--Tlii , _; vcssci, of ..., w or Sir J. at Gla- ,, 0 f cffercd for sale, and it tva Res?. pu chased forth° Indian ti.ascli' East India Steam Navirvaiio e n , byway performed an experimental trip Company,f river, nearly to the Nore, and bacrkorn her power and her tractability. ' si again ' thousand tons burden, a remarkatel having excellent accJmmodaiions fory and capacious stowage for rroods. Doi ., ks at B'admi2ll, tva ba:lt buhz , equently :be has been supposed sill would have been of the Cape, by the Yesterday she BlAckwall down the in order to show is of upwards % of a results of her trip clean built craft, Thepassengers to India, gentlemen connecte with the East were understood to be satisfactory. The Company. on board isi m 'a a v n i ) g . ation Company, several cfficer l e n o d n i s a ist s e t d eam of the Indian Army and Marine, and several scientific gentlemen. The The party wore hospitably entertained, and, notwiths r an e: l l : tog the very unfavourable state of the weather, contrived to amuse themselves during the trip, M. THIERS'S POLICY. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1840. BY M. DE LAMARTINE. Again I repeat it, nothing of what I here wrote down is personal. I respect the men themselves ; but I at tack the Ministers. I speak without hate, but with the liberty of a good citizen who sees his country on the point of being lost. Is France, then, a country where the public mind is sunk so low that every thing may l►e dared with impu nity in face of her ? Or is France a country whose institutions are of that perverted nature that her Government should thus ne gotiate her interests without her? SuAi are the questions which every morning pass from mouth to mouth among the alarmed or humiliated citi zens, who had not yet bowed their necks beneath the audacity of this dictatorship, or beneath the discourage ment of patriotism. For the last two months what has been our Ministry ? A party-coloured Ministry the issue of four different Oppositions—a Ministry sure neither of its majority nor of its own opinion. A Ministry obliged to feel its own pulse every morning, and ask, " What am I to represent to-day ?" Is it to be popularity, or the crown? The compete ?Tuck or the laws of September? The souvenir of Napoleon, or the liberty of July ? The Left which I cajoe, the Left Centre which I lull to rest, or the Conservative party which I play with ? For the last two months, I repeat, a Ministry like this kept the country in a state of suffocation, and were under the threats of the rudest shock which dislocated Europe. The world is in battle array, and we scarcely know way. Affairs are in even a desperate state, and have so completely slipped out of the hands of the statesmen who should bare conducted them that our Ambas sador at London utters himself a cry of distress, and confesses aloud " that every henceforward is at the mercy of accident or of subalterns," which is tantamount, in plain language, to an avowal that the destiny of the world is left to chance. The Ministry orders levies of men, and an extraordinary credit of some hundreds of millions, and leaves us in the vista, the hope of two or three hundred millions more for the purpose of surround ing Paris. PubliC credit is fallen still lower than the stormiest of times—still lower, that is to say, than a revolution brought it in the days of July. There is no longer a budget : that, like everything else, is under the dictatorship. It is no longer the country which offers freely her last man, her last ecu, voluntarily and glo riously, for her safety and honour ; it is one man who seizes on them, one man alone, who has neither throne, nor dynasty, nor heritage to lose, but who boldly signs at his morning meal his martial dreams of the night. The people must pay the budget c'est moi ! The pub lic press applauds ! the Parliament is sent about its business! and, in fine, that the farce may be played out, all that is called the Parliamentary omnipotence ! That is nothing I The Ministry holds within its hand peace or war—that is to say, the blood of some millions of Frenchmen—and closes it in the face of the country and its legal rights. The Ministry stands at the foot of the telegraph ; with a sign it can fire the world by some ill-directed cinnot-shot in the East ; our fate, the fate of us all, is at stake in this Cabinet ; the Ministry has only to hold out its arm ; the whole of France sees this man, looks on him, and holds its peace. It does not seize hold of his arm to know, at least, what he holds within his hand I Why ! France, then, must be a country as dumbly silent as Turkey, more fettered than Poland ? No.; France is a free and representative country. She reigns and governs, as you perceive ; she has a Chamber, two Chambers, electors, a political press, and she—holds her peace. Why ! France, then, must be acting a great comedy to amuse itself, making game of her own institutions? Again—no. Why ! then it is her Go vernment who is making game of her and her in stitutions? That is possible! And if you do not believe the fact, it is because truth sometimes goes so far beyond the probable that the indignation of men of true feeling cannot put itself upon the level of so muck audacity, or descend so low into the depths of so great a mystification. France learns, to her own expense, that there is a dictatorship more hardy, more heavy, than that of Royalty or of the Chambers—the dictatorship of the passions. A personified passion is a tyrant of which one is ashamed, but it is a tyrant. Look at what is passing! Nothing is done under dis guise. The Chambers are told aloud, " Stop at home. You would only inconvenience me. You may come back when every thing is decided and irreparable—wilco blood has already been shed, perhaps when I have in creased to the number of six hundred thousand our army, impatient for glory—whca I shall have roused up in the name of the public safety, the mobilised National Guard—when some thousand millions shall have been ' given by ordonnance, or promised to all those of the nation who are athirst for spoil and gain—when you may preach peace and reason in face of army in battle array, and a nation roused•by its alarm at that terrible moment—when all sage advice is considered treason by the people ?. Such is the liberty I give you—such the tribune I prepare for you—such the approbation I promise you!" If we were a monarchy` the nation would belong to • the Monarch . ; in hazarding his throne he would lraaard the future fortunes of his family ; in losing his throne he would lose his own patrimony, the patrimony of his posterity. These would be pledges and guarantees for his conduct. But those men whose patrimony is glory, and who have their fortune of a name to make, where is their responsibility ? A sentence lately pronounced contains a revelation upon that .—" What they have to gain is a line and a half for their name in the history of the world." A line and a half! You think that modest, but it is to gratify this modest ambition that such men ruin their country and upset all Europe! If we were a republi c , th e National Convention would be permanently sitting ; the Councils, composed of all the men who predominate in the Assembly, and who express either the opinions or the passions of the mass, would be assembled night and day ; the diplomatic and military Committees would commu nicate every hour the information obtained, the pro positions and notes of the Governments who negotiate with us. The Generals would be summoned to give their information as to the number and state of feeling of the troops; the different Councils would come to their resolutions in consequence ; and their resolutions would be laid before the tribune and discussed in the face of the whole country. The country would then know what it wished, or what it did not wish. It would stretch out its all-powerful hand over the public affairs, and thrust aside with violence those who would hide them from it. If the nation commits any act of folly it would be a national act ; if it committed a crime it would be the crime of the natioa. But now the folly or crime of one man would be the folly or crime of the nation. In that lies the difference. Thus is the Go vernment reduced to the proportions of one individual. p A e bolte o s pl e u —a p t e h w i n o ; with a without Kig— a nnampoeipula in any power y Po l itic a ltvi t t h o o n u g t u t e h . e 'The Constitution of 1790, which was monarchic enough, as every one knows, had the following clause : " VII. In case of an impending war, the Legislative Body shall prolong its session into the usual recess, and even be without any recess during the war." It was on the 16th of May, 1790, that in the Consti tuent Assembly the longest and most patriotic discuss sion took place which ever occurred in the annals of a people. All the great geniuses, all the great charac ters, all the great good or evil passions of the country, seemed to have been grouped together_ by f a t e to repre sent, in this first ac t o f the French revolution, the grandest drama of debate, eloquence, and action which the rising nation could produce. Mauray, Mirabeau, Bsmave, Cazales, Robespierre, Lameth, Duport, Du. pont, Malhouet, and many others, struggled for nis..2 days in the public tribune. All Europe listened with attention, and still listens to those magnificent speeches, as imnerishable by their talent as the question was im- perishable from its interest. And what was this ques tion ? To know whether the right of making peace or war should belong to the nation or the King. Mirabeau, incorruptible in his mind, but attainable by his passions, had told the day before his genius to the Court, and betrayed it that day. He spoke as you ask ! He preferred I know not what line of po licy of Courts and Gibinets, which states the interests of nations in the dark. and compromises them in silence t o the diplomacy of great nations speaking out openly in their tribune, and discussing iu the face of day and of thgmselves. The Court applauded him, and mankind in general hissed him down. Bamave, who began to disdain the easy part of tribune for the more difficult part of statesman, spoke as defender of the rights of the human race, and effected thus the triumph of the right of nations. He demonstrated that to giV t e up to a Ministry the right of engaging a nation in war, a partial war, was to disinherit the nation of its first right over itself. He cited thousands of examples of nations whose blood had thus been prodigally shed by their Ministers, and that of England among others, in spite of Lord North, obliged for seven years to pour out her subsidies in a war commenced by the Crown and detested by the nation. " I ask you," he cried," whether, when a war is once com menced we shall be able to declare it's time that it ought not be continued? Recollect," he addid, " that Go vernments are almost always in favour of war, and the nations of peace. Know that it is the interest of a M:riister to declare war, because, in that ease, one is obliged to allow him the m4nagenieut of the subsidies of which he has need ; beeaus, in that ease his autho rity is iininerurab:y increased. It is he who gi ves crintais:eiss, n.rinteates to a multitude of posts; it i s be who leads a nation with cunning to prefer th e g l ory of conquest to liberty—be who changes the character of a people and disposes it for slavery. The experience na tion has proved that the best method a cl e v er adopt to bury his faiths is to have them pardoned oAfieinite vesryr can by his triumphs. When he finds it no longer possible to render an 'sccount, Greece is set in flames, and that is all the responsibility he has," At the termination of this memorable debate the first clause, voted unanimously, was as follows :—" The right of peace and war belongs to the nation. War can only be decided by a National Assembly.' This was the point at which your fathers had arrived half a century age. Where are you now ? You may see. Y'211, - B free nation, a democratic nation, the ra tion of 1789 and 180--you at that point that you have to open your newspaper with anxiety every morn ing to know whether it has been agreed upon or not in a Council of eight men, shut up together in their Cabi net at Paris, to let loose a war upon the world, to in volve you, your fortunes, your children, your territory. your generations born and yet to come in a struggle, of which they are the deciding arbitrators, and you the victims ! In presence of this unpunished misconduct, can you still call yourselves a representative nation—a sovereign people ? Behind the scene is an evil genius who mocks you, and history which pities and despises. The papers tell you, it is the most prudent course : there is every reason to be afraid of the tribune. The tribune, say you ? Is the tribune noisier than the Press, and do you demand that the Press should be silenced ? Learn, then, that ever since 1830 it has been this agitating Press which has compro mised the country—it has always been the tri • bune which has saved it. The tribune is responsible, and the press is not ; and that is the reason. If you fear the tribune, it is because you fear the responsible rea son of the country, and you like better to have to deal with its passions. You manage it at a cheaper rate. Have those who thought it right to grant the Minis try truce, and who have only granted it for the trouble and decomposition of the country, opened their eyes at last? Arc the mcn of practical liberality, the friends of M. Barrot, driven out of their patience at last ? We trust so. _ The dismissed Deputies could thus address the Mi nisters and say, " ether you f ear us or you desp i se us. " If you fear us, it is beca use on some side or other one of those great diplomatic plots is being concocted in which nations arc caught by their passions and the Chambers taken by surprise. If you d esp i se us, i t i s because we have fallen in six months, from defeat to defeat, low enough to have to suffer the contempt of those who ought to fear us. "'Thus you are either despots or cowards. There is no mean between the two. " If we are come to that point, ye men more venture some than able, more bold than strong, you have little of that tact of the people whose name is constantly in your mouths ; for the people like to be honoured even by those who enslave them ; and the absence of all re presentation at such a moment dishonours at once the representatives and the nation. You do well to encircle Paris with a band of iron, like the towns of the middle ages, those haunts of tyranny which buried themselves twice during a century in their own ashes. You do well well to lessen your frontiers and to bring them nearer around you, instead of extending them, as did Louis XI V. arid Vauban, when they desired to aggran dise France. You do well to wall in the patriotism and barrack in the liberty of the country ! You do well to fortify your dictatorship ; for France, free France, would not long support the government of contempt !" QUADRUPLE TREATY. The London Gazette of last night contains the text of the Quadruple Treaty. which we published on the 14th instant. T►le only difference between the Treaty con tained in The Sun and that now published is the inser tion of a clause between the 6th and 7th paragraphs of the Separate Act, to the effect, that if the proposed ar rangement be refused by the Paella, the Sultan shall be at liberty to proceed against him as he may think fit. There is also an additional protocol of a conference held since the first publication of the Treaty. CLAUSE lIITIIERTO NOT INSERTED IN THE TREATY. " SECTION 7. " lf, at the expiration of the period of 20 days after the communication shall have been made to him (ac cording to the stipulation of section 2), Mehemet Ali shall not accede to the proposed arrangement, and shall not accept. the hereditary Pachalic of Egypt, the Sultan will consider himself at liberty to withdraw that offer, and to follow, in consequence, such ulterior course as his own interests, and the counsels of his allies, may suggest to him." " PROTOCOL OF A CONFERENCE HELD AT LON DON THE 17TH OF SEPTEMBER, 1840 ; " Present—The Plenipotentiaries of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Turkey. " The Plenipotentiaries of the Courts of Great Bri tain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, after having ex changed the ratifications of the Convention concluded on the 15th of July last, hare resolved, in order to place in its true light the disinterestedness which has guided their Courts in the conclusion of that act, to de clare formally : " That in the execution of the engagements resulting to the contracting Powers from the above-mentioned Convention, those powers will seek no augmentation of territory, no exclusive influence, no commercial advan tage for their subjects, which thosesof every other nation may not equally obtain. " The . Plenipotentiaries of the Courts above men tioned have resolved to record this declaration in the present protocol. The Plenipotentiary of the Ottoman Porte, in pay ing a just tribute to the good : faith and disinterested policy of the Allied Courts, has taken cognizance of the declaration contained in the . present protocol.and has I. undertaken to transmit it to his Court. (SignQd) " PALMERSTON. " NIEUMANN. " SCHLEINITZ. " BRUNNOW. " CHEKIB." In addition to the above, in order to complete the series of documents connected with the treaty of the lith of July, we now publish the note from Lord Palmerston to the French Ambassador, by which it was accompanied : “ NOTE. " The undersigned had the honour on the 17th of July to inform his Excell. M. Guizot that a convcntiou upon the affairs of Turkey had been signed, on thQ 15th of that month, by the Plenipotentiaries of Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia, on the one hand, and by the Plenipotentiary of the Porte on the other. The ratifications of that Convention having now been ex changed, the undersigned has the honour of transmitting to his Excell. M. Guizot, for the information of the French Government, a copy of that Convention, and of its annexes. " The undersigned cannot make this communication to his Excel'. M. Guizot without again expressing to him the very sincere regrets of her Majesty's Govern ment that the objections which the French Govern ment has felt to taking any share in the measures for the execution of which this Convention provides, have created an o b s t ac l e wh i ch h as prevented France from being a contracting party to this compact. But her 'Majesty's Government feel confident that the Cabinet of the Tuileries will see in the provisions of this convention indisputable proofs that the Four Powers, in undertaking the engagements which it contains, have been animated by a disinterested desire to maintain those principles of policy with regard to Turkey which France has, on more than one occa sion, distinctly and emphatically declared to be her own, that they do not seek to obtain, by the arrangements which they have in view, any exclusive advantage for themselves, and that the great object of their aim is to uphold the existing balance of power in Europe, and to avert events which would disturb the general peace. (Signed) " PALMERSTON. " Foreign•office, Sept. 16, 1840." ENCOURAGEMENT OF ART IN FRANCE. A grant has been made for the preservation of the interesting church of Veze!ay ; the porch, which is of the 11th century, is to be one of the first restorations. az u p x r e o m ac b h o e u s rg to a t e h d e H Ar e c tel d d e e l' v E i t l o le ile a . Active o p erat i ons are i n p rogress f or com pl e ti ng th e e T r, e h a e rl w y o e r e lt m s p a l t e t t e h d e , machin e arewhich tho se at t h e Palace of Justice in progress ; ;the shops su remov ed. p ' e r r h sa e de n s the new w practpractice e of station point as completed. M. Dutel has presented to th e A ca d emy ine and which prepares a statue as well in a week as is done by the ordinary process in five or six. M. Sauvage has also presented a modelling appara tus, or apparatus for taking c opies of statues in a plastic material. 4,0001. has been voted in aid of the subscription for a monument to Moliere. What will our Government give to the Nelson memorial? Exten. sive ruins, presumed to be Roman, have been opened in the forest of Voivres, near Vittel, in the Vosges. In the same district a subterrancous entrance has been discovered, end a mass of Roman tiles, and a great num ber of tumuli in the forest of DattleY• A barbarous iron grating, out of style, has been put up in the C. thedral of Atniens. The church of St. Valpon is being restored under the direction of M. de Bellew!, an ama teur. A suspension bridge is contracted for over the Seine, at Suresne. Several interesting statues have been discovered during the works at St. Jacques aux-Pelerins ; they are said to be fifteen in number, and painted. A great number of statues are in progress in France this year ; besides that of Aloliere, already men tioned, there are those of Napaleon in the Invalides; Gutenberg and Kieber, at Strasburg ; Travot, in La Vendee ; Jouqert, at Valence ; Brune, at Brines ; Cor neille, at Rouen ; Riquet, in Languedoc. In other countries the sync activity is visible :—in Denmark, Thorwaldten has a statue to Christian VI.; in Russia, at Tumhow and Tobolsk, to Peter the Great ; in Holland, to D e Ruyter at Flushing ; in (Germany, to Frede rick the Great at Berlin ; t) Albert Purer at Nuremberg ; to Utzhneider at Munich ; to Gutenberg at Mentz, and to Richter at Bayreut h ; at Schaff hausen, i n Switzerland, to Muller ; and in Belgium to Rubens and Gretry. Some painted glas s wind ows have been or d ere d f or t h e Louvre. iI. Clanceau ex hibited at the exposition of the Academy o f Industr y a metallic paper for preserving rooms from damp. It is formed of thin sheets of an alloy of lead and pewter, or tin, stuck on the walls by means of white lead and lin seed oil. It is said to be cheap and effective.—Railway Magazine. TIIE COMBINATION OF WO.RKING MEN IN PM - in.—Twenty of th ese men wet, brvugbt before the Police C , rrectionelle o n S atur d ay , w hen nineteen of them were sentenced to eight days' iilivri„ arn e et, and the twen tieth to six days in addition. SIERRA LEONE. (From the Liverpool Mercury.) We have received the following communication from a gentleman long resident in Sierra Leone, and but re cently returned. The information which it conveys is important, and shows the necessity of some more effec tive measures for the prevention of the slave trade than any that have yet been adopted. It will he seen that a vessel belonging to this port has been seized, and con d coned as a slaver : By the schooner Henry M'Cormick (late the Courte nry), we have accounts from Sierra Leone to the 13th of August, the date of the above vessel sailing. The colony, generally speaking, was healthy, but the mis .ionaries out but a short time from England had suf fered severely, and many had died. The Governor was well. Mr. Macaulay, the Mixed Commission Judge, had been sojourning at the Banana Islands to recruit his health, which had been a good deal impaired by un remitting attention to the duties which his office im poses upon him. He was about to leave for England, via Ascension, in the Wanderer man-of-war. The men•of war on the station occasionally call in—the Harlequin, Wanderer, and Persian. The Wanderer was goiug into Sierra Leone as the schooner came out. Several vessels had been brought up and condemned _ . for being connected with the slave trade. The Plant, under American colours, with a slave cargo, detained by her Majesty's brig Persian, from Lagos, arrived on the 24th of July—not yet tried. The San Pablo Loando, from the Havannah to the Galinas, condemned and cut up. Two New - York pilot-boats—one condemned and cut up, as Spanish property ; the other one wait ing adjudication. The brigantine Anna, prize to the Saracen, taken off the Galinas about the 22d of July, had not reached Sierra Leone. The English brig Guy ana, belonging to Mr. Logan, a merchant of Liverpool, was condemned on the 12th of August, for aiding and abetting in the slave trade. It appears this vessel sailed from Liverpool on the 17th of October, 1839, with a general cargo to Bahia, to Edwards and Co., and was there chartered through the agency of the same house, and with the sanction of the - British Consul. (Mr. Wheatley) to carry a cargo of merchandise to the coast of Africa, touching at various places for the purpose of trading. That on the 26th of March, in lat. 431 N., and long. 5 W., her Majesty's schooner Viper, Lieut. Burslem, brought her to by firing a shot. After over hauling her, a prize crew and officers were put on board, with orders to take the vessel a prize to Cape Coast, and from thence to Sierra Leone, where she lay 102 days before she was condemned. The cargo is not dis posed of. The aquadicnle has nearly all leaked out, and the roll tobacco, from the heat of the climate, the length of time it has been exposed, and the rough usage it has received, must have been rendered useless and unsaleable. As the decision with regard to this vesel will naturally lead to inquiry, and as it is important in a commercial point of view, the above particulars may not be without interest. The merchants complain very much of the frequent, sales of the slave cargoes brought into Sierra Leone ruining their business, and not without much reason. They also complain very much of the little attention, 3n the part of tlie colonial authorities, to the complaints made by the merchants of the aggressive acts of the natives in the neighbouring rivers adjacent to the colony, the factories of the colonial merchants having b.•en burnt down and plun , lered, exactions and heavy pre sents extorted under the threat of stopping the trade, and the Governor, when applied to, alleging it to be out of his jurisdiction to interfere. LATE ATTEMPT AT MURDER IN LUDLOW. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—As I have been, by the mercy of Providence and the high professional skill of the medical gentlemen who have attended me, restored from the very brink of the grave to my usual health and strength, I trust you will allow space in your columns for the following re marks I shall make in reference to the Angel Inn at Ludlow, where a most diabolical attempt was made to destroy my life with the intcntion of afterwards robbing me of whatever property I may have had in my pos- session. 'rho great attention paid to my every want and corn. fort by the kind host and hostess of the Angel Inn, and their sincere sympathy for my sufferings, are deserving of my warmest thanks and commendation. And it is with sorrow I have heard it rumoured, that in consequence of the late melancholy occurrence having happened at their inn, a prejudice exists in the minds of some commercial gentlemen against it on the plea that they had neglected that caution which every innkeeper ought to exercise. A sense of justice towards Mr. and Mrs. Cooke, the duty I owe them, and my gratitude for their past kind ness, induce me, to appeal most strongly to those com mercial gentlemen and others . who, have been in the, habit ,of staying at the Angel Inn, and to entreat them that they will not - allow the late unfortunate eircum istanee to be , any cause to make them forsake their usual - abode while at Ludlow, for I most distinctly as-' sect that Icannot attach the least blame either to the landlord (Mr. Cooke) or his servant, for any want of caution in admitting Josiah Misters into their house. It was apparent Co myself and to the waiter (as his evi dence before the Magistrates will show) that the pri , sonar entered the house to all appearance as the friend and companion of Mr. Ludlow, was in close conversa tion with him, and took tea with him at the same board, and for the sake of the person whose companionship he had thus sought, that precaution was not considered ne-' cessary which, under other circumstances would have been adopted. It is lunch to be deprecated, the too indiscriminate admission to the Commercial-room, at nearly all inns, of all persons in decent dress, without reference to their business or calling ; and it may be hoped that my unfortunate calamity will be the means of greater caution being used for the protection of the lives and property of commercial gentlemen than has hitherto been practised. In this case, had the prisoner been in any other room than that appropriated to commercial men, the same event would; without doubt, hare happeaed to me, for it is the general opinion that I was only the mistaken substitute for the intended victim. If I sincerely acquit Mr. Cooke of all fault in this business, I do hope that other commercial men will not differ in opinion from me, or attach blame where I am fully satisfied none exists. The deep interest I shall ever feel in the welfare of the kind-hearted and worthy landlord of the Angel in duces me to appeal thus strongly through your columns to the commercial world, and I do hope that his hi therto past prosperity wi l never be lessened 'by a cir-, cumstance which it was decreed by Providence should happen, and that likely no human power could have averted. I am, Sir, your's most respectfully, W. M. MACKRETIL Lead Smcltiag Works, Bristol, Sept. 19. LORD ELIOT'S REPORT ON NEW ZEALAND. With respect to the rejected document which the' speculators wished to joist upon the Committee, a single specimen or two of its crafty and deceptive spirit may serve as a sample of the whole. The first paragraph of that document is in the following terms : " The mass of evidence in New Zealand, taken in 1838 before the Select Committee of the House of Lards, has made it unnecessary for your Committee tol seek for futile information as to the fitness of that country for the purposes of colonization. The excel lence of its geographical position, the fertility of its soil, the salubrity of its climate, its rivers, its harbours, its natural productions—all these advantages have already been pointed out, and have attracted t3ritiA emigrants in large numbers to its shores." What the speculators wanted to effect by the intro duction of this artful passage was manifestly the two fold impression, that the Committee of the House of Lords had reported favourably as to the propriety of colon zing New Zealand ; and that the large numbers of perions who have emigrated under the lures of the New Zealand Company had been induced to do so by the advantages pin'ed out in their Lordships' report, and had therefore proceeded in some degree with the sanction of the Legislature. Now, bath of these insinu— ations are palpably false. In the report drawn up by the Lords' Committee their Lordships distinctly decline to give any opinion either as to the fitness of New Zealand for the purposes of colonization, or as to the expediency of making it a British colony ; while, us far as concerns its supposed advantages or attractions, the Committee of the Lords cautiously abstain from pronouncing an y l! opinion upon the subject. We mention this, to show' the little dependence that can be placed upon the statements of the Company. The preceding assump tions, had they been adopted by the Select Committee 4 of the House of Commons, would doubtless have rescued the Company from the insurmountable diffi-'. culty of proving the preamble of their much-cicsired charter : but the tribunal they had to deal with was not to be imposed on by any such sly manceuvres ; so, for the present at least, the Company's hopes, as far as Parliamentary sanction goes, must be considered to be on the decline.—Tinics. I vAMES SAIITII AND SIR E. BULIVER.—I dined yesterday with E. L. Bulwer, at his new residence in Charles•street, Berkeley-square, a splendidly and sically fitted-up mansion. One of the drawing-rooms is afacsimile of a chamber which our host visited at Pompeii vases, candelabrn, chairs, tables, to correspond. He light e d a perfumed pastille modelled from Mount Ye suvms. As soon as the cone of the mountain began to blaze, I fancied myself an inhabitant of the devoled city; arid, as Pliny the Elder, thus addressed Bula.er, my sup p 'sod nephew :—" Our fate is accomplished, nephew, band me yonder volume shall die as a student in my vocation. Do you then hasten to take refuge on board the fleet at Misentnn. Yonder cloud of hot ashes chides thy longer delay. Feel no alarm for me—l shalt iive in story. The author of ' Pelham' will rescue my name from obli. vion." Pliny the Younger made me a low bow.—Jsinc s Smith's Memoirs, c. ERECHTHEIUM CLUB. THE COMMITTEE having taken the MANSION in ST. JAMES'S-SQUARE, corner of YORK-STREET, lately in the occupation of the Earl of Romney, for the CLUB-HOUSE of this Society, it will be opened for the use of the Members as soon as the necessary alterations are completed, of which due notice will be given. (Signed) JOHN DEAN PAUL, Chairman. London, Sept. 18,1840. THE NEW NOVEL. rp HE CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE, A Story of the Present Day, By MISS ELLEN WALLACE, In 3 vols. post IS NOW READY AT ALL .THE LIBRARIES. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN. UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS. THUS EVENING, SEPT, 23, Will be repeated the New Play. in rive Acts, written by James Sheridan Knowles, Esq.. entitled . .711F. BRIDE OF MESSINA. John di Procida, Mr. Moore ; Fernando, Mr. Anderson ; Guiscardo, Mr. Cooper ; Isoline, Miss Ellen Tree. Alter which, PATTER VERSUS CLATTER. Captain Patter, Mr. Charles Mathews. To conclude with TWICE KILLED. Mr. Euclid Facile, Mr. Keeley ; Mr. Reckless ' Mr. James Vining ; Mrs. Facile, Miss Le ; Julia, Miss A. Taylor. On Thursday, The Bride of Messina, with Gay's Beggar's Opera. On Friday, The Bride of Messina, with the Sleeping Beauty. Dress Boxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 3s. 6d.; First and Second Circles, ss. ; Second Price, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, 3s. ; Second Price, ; Gallery, Is. Doors tube opened at half-past Six—the performances to tommence at Sereq o'Clock. Tickets and plates for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Grogan, at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may be had upon application. Private Boxes to be had soiely of Mr. Andrews, bookseller, !67, New Bond-street. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. The most complete triumph has been achieved by the produc tion of Mr. Kenney's New Tragedy, entitled " The Sicilian Vespers," its repetition has been loudly demanded, and it will consequently be acted every evening, in conjunction with the splendid Spectacle, which has alreaciy been witnessed by upwards of 120,000 persons. THIS EVENING, SEPT. 23. Will lie acted a New Tragedy, entitled _ _ THE SICILIAN VESPERS. Supported by Messrs. Elton, Saville, Hughes, Neville, Hes. lop, and Johnson, Miss Grant, and Mrs. Vining. After which the Grand Historical Spectacle, of unequalled splendour, entitled JANE OF THE HATCHET. Supported ley the entire strength of the Company, and One Hundred Female Warriors. To conclude with THE ITALIAN HUSBAND. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. EVERY MONDAY, TUESDAY, and THURSDAY. _ _ GRAND PROMENADES MUSICALES ET CHAMPETRES, By Gedfrey's unrivalled Band. Programme of the Concert for Sept. 21, 22, and 24. FIRST PART. Overtures—Midsummer Night's Dream, Mendessolm. Qua drille—Le Damois, Alusard. Pot Pourri on Russian National Airs, with Solos, Labitzky. Waltz—Die Bergeister, Strauss. lutrodection, Child •f the Air, Barnet. New Austrian March, Lanzenbrechen, Haslinger. Overture—Waverley, Berlioz. SECOND PART. BEETHOVEN'S GRAND BATTLE SJNFONIA, By the augmented Band, with instruments of novel construc tion, amd 310 rounds of artillery and musketry, giving the most vivid realization of the events of the Battle of Vittoria. Terzetto, Che fai quo con questo, Ricci. Pot Pourri sur des Motifs de Fra Diavolo, Auber. Waltz—Seuvenirs de la Pa lais de St. Petersburg, Labitzky. Quadrille avec chceurs, Les Gondoliers Nenitiens, Musard. I he vast Panorama al Fresco of Iceland and its Volcanoes, by Danson—Breaking up of the Ice—Melting of the Snows—. Release Rad Departure of the Discovery Carter's astonishing " Koniaphostic," or " Lime Light. Eruption of Mount Hecla, with increased magnificence. ADMISSION ONE SHILLING. Feeding Hour of the Carnivora, Five o'Clock. Concert at Five. Eruption at Eight. HIGH WATEIt AT LONDON BRIDGE TOMORROW M 59 minutes after 0. 1 Evening 13 minutes after 1 l'he Publication of the Eveninix Edition of Tux Sux com• menced at 10 untintes after Three. , -‘;`) - 41 r) . A, Zrln -nia.x. LONDON: WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1810. DEATH OF THE PRINCESS AUGUSTA The Princess Augusta expired at seventeet, minutes past nine o'clock last night, at Clarence House, St. James's, after a long and very trying illness, which her Royal Highness bore with the utmost patience and meekness. . Throughout the progress of her painful malady, her Royal Highness exhibited the greatest resig nation, fulfilling, in the intervals of freedom from (suffering, her religious and devotional duties. With the exception of a few hours previous to her decease, the Princess retained her consciousness to the last, or at least, was easily roused to a state of con sciousness, and during this painful trial, her Royal Highness constantly maintained that amiability of 'temper which always characterised her. The last moments of the Princess were attended by all the Royal Family in town, viz., tha Queen Dowager, the Duchess of Gloucester, the Princess Sophia, the Duke of Sussex, and the Duke of ICambridge ; and also by her Royal Highness's medical attendants, Sir Henry Halford and Mr. Moore, together with the Rev. J.R.Wood, Chap lain to her Majesty the Queen Dowager. All the Royal Family had been in anxious at- 1 kendance on their relation from an early hour yes terday morning, remaining to the last by the bed side of her Royal Highness. Immediately after the melancholy event, the Duke of Sussex despatched one of his Equerries,, Colonel Sir A. Macdonald, to Windsor Castle, to: convey the melancholy tidings to her Majesty Infoimation was also forwarded to the Princess Sophia Matilda at Broadstairs. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager, and the other members of the Royal Family, took their depar ture from Clarerce House at half-past ten o'clock. Among the Nobility and Gentry who called yes terday to learn the state of her Royal Highness, were the Hanoverian Minister, the Danish Charge !d'Affaires and Countess Bille Brahe, the Brazilian ( Charge d'Affaires and Madame Marques Lisboa, the Duchess of Inverness, Marchioness of West minster, Marchioness of Westmeath, Countess of Mountnorris, Earl Brownlow, Lord and Lady Col chester, Lord Augustus Fitzclarence, Lady Agnes Buller, Lord and Lady Cowley, Lady Catherine Bucle!cy, Lord and Lady Mahon, Lord and Lady Braybrooke, Lady Matilda Wynyard, the Solicitor- General, Sit R. S. and Lady Adair, Sir Edmond Stanley, Col. Couper, Col. C. Fox, Capt. Frederick Pelham, Rev. Dr. Kuper, and Mr. Fortescue. Another vehement leader against Alderman HARMER, yesterday in the Times, a cackling Mutation of its lead e r of the d a y b e f o re in yes terday's Post, a falling echo of the abuse in the Cow-kr, a loud blast oa the same trumpet from the Standard, and the publication in the Ho ald of the denunciation of the worthy A 'dermal), show distinctly that his exclusion from the civic chair is to be made a party question. He is vehemently assailed by the Tories. As usual those hypocrites fight under the banner of religion, and boast of having already obtained the co-operation of some Whigs and Dissenters. If that be so, the unanimous yell of th e Tory Journals must awaken them to the truth, a nd convince them that the Tories are using them to stab political and religious liberty to the heart. The Times yesterday halloed before it was out EVENING 141,Diff'ION. of the wood. While it was boasting '1 that not one Liberal Daily Journal had offered a single word in the Alderman's defence," The Sun had risen on him, and was dispersing the thunder cloud which the Times had gathered over his head. It may receive, perhaps, no assistance; a narrow minded, jealous rivalry, in the other so-called Liberal Journals, or a contemptible fear, maY make them sacrifice the public interest to their presumed private advantage ; but, arined tvith a good cause, The Sun fears not the issue, though it shine alone. The subject, however, grows into a somewhat startling magnitude, when the whole Tory press unites to pull Mr. Ilmot ER away from the civic chair, and only one of the Liberal Journals comes to his aid. It is also of startling magnitude, from the vast interests involved. Let no man suppose that they are confined to the question of who shall be Mayor ? The principles at issue lie at the founda tion of all our moral science, and as truth or false hood prevails there will be years of happiness or misery in the country. The Address of the Liverymen, quoted by the • 1 Times; says of the Di s p a t c h, " a greater moral pest or public nuisance it is impossible to on' ceive." The Times itself says— The general course of the Dispatch has been t ° inculcate everything demoralizing, anarchical, aed christianizing. That Mr. H a r mer wo uld have so Writ ten, had he held the pen, we do not assert ; but we u° ' 4l-- assert, that he has looked on and permitted all this le j wickedness; and for it he, above all others, is elcarly is and justly responsible. doe And it gives this illustration : if for instance, we found the Alderman in a rriereso-4 tile concern in the city, as " M essrs . Harmer "a) ,10 Smith," and if that firm were d e t ec t e d i n so me ,canclalous.,ife misdemeanour, would an y man i n t h e c i t y listen for p instant to the plea th a t " Ald erman Harmer h as a . partner, and cannot be r es p ons ibl e f or th e frauds or the larcenies committed by th e fi rm ?" Would not every man of business require, before he a c quitted the k now l head of the house, to know when and how he had P ur g ed himself of all guilty knowledge of the fraudulent trill's. actions ? Here, then, we find the Times and the authilrg of the Address to the Livery, distinctly embr acing the old papal principle that certain opinions ar e : 11 criminal, and enforcing their opinions that they ars, ' l9/1 ' criminal by imposing on Alderman HAR M". a civic disability. They wish to make the LiYerl the instruments of inflicting the punishment' ' 4 This is retrograding to the dark ages. l his is re-opening those frightful dungeons we had hoped had been closed for ever, in which so rea ll Y human victims were entombed for opinions which some men arrogantly pronounced to be false. T hera is great danger in this. The mass of society are 1 , 11 f a state of great suffering, and if they are practically taught, that the erring systems by which they suffer are the offspring, not of well meant, though mis taken benevolence, but of wickedness, who can foresee, or who can answer for the mighty excesses' when their wrath is roused, they may think the"' . selves justified in committing. Wickedness I What is wickedness ? •T° eom. mit murder is wickedness. From that hei nous crime, we say, the Corn-law is not exempt. II° b, bery is wickedness. The clergy, who have tak e all from the poor, who have clinched tb ea , selves at the expense of charitable and other institutions, are openly accused, and by doc uments convicted of that offence. Lying is wiek edne i s : • y Those who habitually take oaths whic h ne never keep—who preach a morality which th e y hose ver practice—are guilty of this offence. ti e of I who put abroad opinions, with all the fervo ur 1 which they do not believe, are gui lt Y, 'of lying. All these offences are wickednes s, a°° have been wickedness at all times and places ; ba t ~.);! the Decalogue does not class as wickedness being,„, , o the rival of the Times, or differing in opitii - on from the priests and the Tories. For a public and-pope',,i lar Journal to class a difference of opinion, on . whatever subject, as wickedness, is to confound all human language and all distinction between right and wrong. These remarks show the total inapplicability 0f the illustration we have quoted from the Tirne, There is no fraud, there is nothing akin to filo' in the opinions of the Dispatch. On the contrary; they arc distinguished by openness, plainness , ant s an absence of all rnystificatian. What is g uiltles : might be known by Alderman HARMER with°. any guilt on his part. The whole of the laboured article in the Times rests on the assumption o f the: French damsel, " I never find an ybody righ t b° myself." t of We take up this q ues ti on b ecause the rig— : free discussion is assailed in the person O f , i lVir i HA RNIER ; and, st an di ng on t h e high grotto" °t principl e , we s h a ll fearlessly point out th e track enables us to trace. The Times and the priesth ° "l and those mem b ers o f t h e Li ver y who have len d' themselves t o b e t h e too l s o f t h e trading sP ite -, the form er , an d t h e angry d rea d o f the latter , te , rain certain opinions as to Monarchical Gov'!" went, as to the union between Church a nd St ate ' the writera and as to th e t ru th o f Ch r i s ti a nity ; • ions l and the Dispalch entertain different °P" by on those subjects : they think, perhaps, Incl re . oo not so good as republicanism ; th at - rel li g f i at will flourish more if not degraded into a P — r ke I instiument ; Ino inconsiderable number of clever men ill w e and they may, perchance, thiOk' like 'ages, that there never has been a revelation. the are not discussing the truth or falsehood' but utility or the mischief, of these opini ons ' a re we assert that th e wr i ters i n the Die/a alc " a s '. as free to form th em , an d ought t • 11°- ' iterg . l eomplete liberty t o ex p ress th em , as the r e l j ua b. !in the Tim es t o f orm an d express opposite op Llt is very natural for the Times and it s friends t : i * 'believe that they ar e r i g ht an d other men a re re t ng the , but it is equally natural for other men to ha ve : rioi. same belief as to the Times. There is no ent e- so d of the truth or correctness of opinion but t il l' re . experience. To that the Times and its theirfrienus fuse to appeal, and insist on power adoptintg 1. !)ctty conceits as an unerring and eternal stancl.ar", • itair It is not asserted of the writers in the Dis Pa't, °a t O whatever may be said of those of the Times' t they believe one thing, and state another. f that crime they are not accused. They are accuse d 0 t differing from the Times. To inflict punishtuenc for that difference is to assume infallibility. That there can be any wickedne ss in an y opinion Carr fully formed, honestly e ntertained, and correctly expressed, we deny ; but arrogantly to as sume in and thereupon to inflict pain and de" privation on ou r fellow-creatures, is a fr n eq uen arelitci/ e ' which the A uthor of Christianity denounced. We agree, w i t h M r . Alderman HARMER, that this is not a personal (I°s' tion—it concerns the rights of the Livery , th e rights of the Corpor at ion , the more inestinable right of free discussion, and the distinctions between do h ` and wrong. All these arc endangered by the trines of the Times, that certain opinio ns are wicke d and that punishment must be inflicted on them' : if they were infringements of the Dec alo g ue, robbery 01 murder. What the Livery may do on this important 9°lr at tion we cannot judge. We hope, however, ( they will defend their own rights, and the rights c' the whole human race. They must have su nk fa t below their predecessors if they suffer the f r tlies i; under a hypocritical love for Minion and truth?.hPt tet r which their conduct perpetually ou tra g es; to itr. a severe blow on their liberties by excluding HARMER from the Mayoralty because the Po pit ad o 80.1 Ertl wll Mel