The Sun. — London, England, 1857-10-07 00:00:00

ONEY MARKET AND COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. CITY, Two o'CLocx. This was observed as a strict holiday in the City, all the private and public establishments being closed. BRITISH FUNDS. —CLOSING PRICES--YESTERDAY• (From the Officzal _ _ linsinets dore. 3 per Cent. Consols 4nm:titles New 33 per Cent. Annuities India Stock, 2lO Bank Stock for Account 217 Consols for Account, ,., ... .. 90 i 90 Ex:thecirer Bills, ;14d £l000 £5BO Small 2 7 d • PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS—YESTERDAY Brazilian 5 per Cent. Do., 1829 and 1839, 5 per Cent 993 Guatemala Bonds, 5 per cent 5O Mexican 3 per Cent 2l k Peruvian Bonds, 4i per Cent — Ditto 3 per Cent . — Ditto Account Russian Bonds, 1822, £ St., 5 per Cent 1092 Ditto, 44 per Cent. Spanhh Bonds, 3 per Cent. Ditto New Deferred, 3 per Cenr, Ditto Account 25 i I Turkiial Bonds, 6 per cent 95 Ditto Account .. . ... Dividends on the above payable in London. French Rentes, 43 per Cent. — Ditto 3 per Cent. €Bf. 25c. ex 25f. 25c. Dutch Exchange, 23 per Cent., 12 Guilders 65i Do, 4 per Cent. Certificates THREE (YCLOCK. Console, money 9O Console for accoun t, O c t o b er 14 9O it DOES OFFICIAL __RESPONSIBILITY EXIST? " A Civilian" writes to a contemporary as follows: • --Sir,—lt has been announced that General Lloyd is under arrest, and is to be brought to court-mar tial for not having displayed proper activity and vigour at Dinapnre. The Psalmist has told us " that the days of our age they are but three score years and ten, and though men be so strong that they do come to four score years, yet is their strength then but labour and sorrow, so soon it passeth away and we are gone." And yet we are about to try a notoriously infirm septuagenarian for a lack of activity and vigour Sir, if we try General Lloyd we shall try the wrong man. Whose duty was it to see that such com mands as that of General Lloyd's were in compe tent hands —to report upon them if they were not —to act on such reports ? We take almost ' vexatious pains to ascertain that a recruit is sound wind and limb. We strip him naked, we pommel him all over, we make him go through all manner of probatiqnary contortions, and we reject him at once if we espy the slightest defect in his physique, considering him unfit in such a case to be intrusted with the responsibility of a private in the British army But when we have to appoint a General to a position in which the lives of thousands, his country's honour, the fate of an empire may depend on his soundness of mind and body we take none of these precautions. If we see that he is an obvious cripple and dotard, we appoint him all the same ; "it would be so hard upon the poor old man to pass,him over." Yet if he fails when he is so appointed —as we know he must fail when put to the test —we inexorably try the poor old creature by court-martial ! That there have been septuagenarians and octo genarians who have done good service to the State in spite of their years is true ; but there have been 'very few of them. Palmerstons Napiers, and Radetzkys are rare fowl ; it w ill not answer to reckon on a regular supply of them in the market. As a general rule, it is safest to assume that a man of 70 is unfit for any public duties, military or Certain passa g es occur in the evidence given be fore the Purchase Commissioners by Sir James Simpson which are so apt to General Lloyd's case that I must submit a precis of them to the public. (See qq. 2,877 to 2,895). General Simpson informed the Commissioners that before the Russian war he was Inspector- General of a district in England, and in that capacity he occasionally came across certain old gentlemen in command of regiments who were perfectly unfit for their positions. Ho felt it his duty to report them, officially, as superannuated, dull, and useless. No notice was taken of his reports ; and the dull, u-less old gentlemen thus reported on - remained at the head of their regiments Just as if they had been able and efficient officers. Two cases General Simpson specified, in which one of the incapable Lieutenant Colonels remained in command of his regiment till he died ; th e o th er is in command of his regiment still, " much to the detriment of the pale service," adds General Simpson. The reason why the Commander-in-Chief is thus regardless of the reports of Inspecting-Generale is, we are told, twofold. In the first place, it is con sidered at the Horse Guards very hard to deprive a man of his command merely because he is officially reported to be unfit for it ; and, in the second place, the officer so ejected might possibly take offence at his ejection, and " give trouble." These are the ipsissima verba of Sir James Simpson—an officer of great experience at the Horse Guards and elsewhere. General Lloyd appears to come up to General Simpson's idea of an effete veteran whom it would be hard and might be disagreeableto supersede. He is old and infirm, he is probably not very acute, and, to use General Simpson's words, " pretty use ess." The Governor-General and the Commander-in- Chief have doubtless been aware of these slight de fects in an officer intrusted with au important post, but they have, with a curious mi x t ure o f goo d na ture and selfishness, refrained from superseding , him, partly because he mi g ht no t lik e b e i ng super seded, and partly because, if superseded, he might " take offence and give trouble." They are now, however, about to make up for their mistaken lenity by trying the poor old man by court-martial for the absence of qualities which they never supposed him to possess, and which his age and infirmities obviously precluded him from possessing. If a railway accident occurred in consequence of the want of energy and vigour of the driver, a man of 70, long known to be ruptured and gouty, and if lives were lost, what would the verdict of the jury be, supposing the directors defended them sel-res by alleging that it would have been hard upon the poor old driver to supersede Lim, and that he would probably have been very importunate for a pension had he been superseded? STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, OCT. 6. The market to-day is ez - ..eedingly firm in all de partments, but there is no great business doing in any descriptioe of goods or yarns. The rise in pries in Liverpool has caesed an advance of about id. per lb. in yarns since Friday, and this has, no doubt, had the effect of li m iti ng the amount' of transactions ; but the opinion appears to prevail that rates must become still higher. Manufacturers are not now disposed to make any concession from their latest quotations, or there would probably be a good deal of business done at the rates current last week. There are reports of three or four fail ures in the silk trade, for from 30,0001. to 40,0001. in each case, and the particulars will probably transpire to-morrow. Messrs. John Slagg and Co, report as ollows :- 4 , There has been a good demand during the week for the better qualities of 40. inch shirtioo;, and an advance of 14(1. to 31. per piece on the prices of Tuesday last is now readily obtaked. For nearly all other descriptions we have a very quiet market, but as stocks are light and the price of cotton again tending upwards, there is no giving way in price." _ _ LEEDS, 6. A. mo d er ate amount of cloth h as changed OCT. hands in the cloth-halls this morning, and there was nothing either as to price or the aspect of the mar ket deserving of notice. In gener3l terms it may be stated that the market was about the same as last week, and as good as was expected. HUDDERSFIELD, OCT. 6. The market is generally quieter. There are many strangers in, but the operators ars cautious and the transactions limited. The latter appear to be chiefly con fi ne d t o l ow woo ll ens , co tt on s finding a much less ready sa l e . W oo l near ly stationary-- if any change, a slight tendency to advance. -ROBBERY OF CHILDBEN IN KENSINGTON GARDENS. —Mr. G. S. Jenks, of South-wharf, Paddington-basin, writes .to a conternport.ry :—" Tbik o of my children, boys, aged respectively seven and five years, were sent to the gardens this morning. They had not been long there before a very respectable lady (as they describe) accosted them, and, by dint of promising them toy., persuaded them to let her take off their boots, that she might get them new ones of the same size. She then placed th em on a sea t , an d , carsfuily covering their feet with a pinafore, that they might not be observed by Passersby that they were without boots, quickly de camped. From the itianner in which she committed the thfft and her being so well dressed, there cannot be a doubt th a t s h e was an old hand at this bueiness ; but Still it does seem too bad that in such a place of resort, and in the undue of the day, children eau: of be trusted fora few hours." THE SUN, LON DON, WEDNESDAY EVi3;NI NG, OCTOBER 7, 1857 SHARE MARKETS— Ye!terdw.) RAILWAYS. RAILWAYS. Olominß Price, yA2rlay Business d•ns yester lay. ) Arabg. Nottng. Bost. ds Eastn. June.... Belfast & 13allymen• Birmng. Wolverh. 6 Stour Valley... Birkenhd. Lancsh. Cheshire Junet Black burn Blyth & Tyne origina £25 (iss. at £45) Bristol & Exeter Ca1ed0nian............ Chester & Holyheae Cork and Bandon... Cork, Black. & Pass Cornwall Ds. A Do. B iDublin&BelfastJunc. Dun. P. &Aber.Junc. 'East Anglian Eastern Counties EaroternUnion,A. stk . 'Do., do. B. Do. New A East Kent ...... 5 - 5. 8 - 8. 65 - ••• 74 -8, 85 - 85 - 33 - ••• -- 3 - 8i -- 19i -- 56 -- 45 -- 30 -- 17 - 18 91 - 93 (East Lancashire ,East Suffolk ...... Do. Edinburgh & Glasgow Edinb. and Peebles Edinb.Prth. &Dunde , I Fortlrand ClydeJunc. Furness ... ........ ,Glasgow & S. Western (Great N. of Scotland Great Northern 6 = a iii = 29 ; 96 - 93 8 - 9 97 - 98 89 - 91 121 - 123 97 - 99 53i - 54 60 - 65 100 Do., A. Stock ;100 'Do., B. Stock 100 Gt. Sth. &West. (Ire 1 1100 !Great Western. 'lOO Do. • Str • R • gna Si all !Irish South-Eastern. all ;Lancaster &Carlisle. 14i Do., Thirds 12 Do. New Thirds 100 Lancash. &Yorkshire 6 Do., do. F £l6 Do., Wst. Riding Un Do. Southport. ... London di Blackwall, Lond.Bright&S.Cst London k N. Western Do. Fifths D0.,16/.Sh.,M&B 0 Do. Eighths London & S.Vfeatern Lndndny.&Coleraine Lndndrry. & Ennisk. Manch.Shef. &Lincln. Metropolitan Do. J. L. Ricardo's arrangement Midland Do. Birming. & Derby Midland G. West.(lr.) Do. Shares ..... Newcastle &Carlisle Newpt.Aberg.& Flrfd Newry & Enniskillen Newry, Warrenpoint d; Rostrevor Norfolk. Northn. Counties Un North British North Devon, Rail. di Dock Stock Do., A Stock Do., B Stock N. Eastern Berwick Do. do. Extension Do do, G.N.E.Purch Do. Leeds Do. York North London N. & S.Wstn., Hamp stead, and City Jn.. North Staffordshire.. North Western. . 73 - 76 7i - 8i; 7i - 81; 94 - 94; 5i - 102 - 103 95i - 95 1 d i 89 90 .•• 40 = 46 81 - 81 55 - 57 iii = ii 60 - 62 3 - 34 I 47 - = 92 - 49 - 49 77 - 78 93 - 95 4i - 4i 7i - 8 10 - 10 . N. di S. Wettrn. June Oxford Worcester di Wolverhampton Portsmouth 31i - 32 7 - 6 t) Rhymney....l Scottish - Central Scot. N. E. Abrdn. St Shropshire Union Sitingbourne &Sheer. South Devon South Eastern LO2 - 104 24 - 25 47 - 48 3- 2 . 32 - 34 65 - 66 Do. per ares, ,South Wa1e5.......... . 'S. Yorksh. RiverDim' Do.. 83} -- 13i -- 14A -5i -- 4Xd 9 -- 39 -- 41 Staines,Wok.,&Wok,i iStockton & Do. do., 1854 Do. do., 1855 Stockton di Hartlepl ;Taft' Vale ". ". 20. E -- 203; 7 - 3 - 5} - Do. Pref., No. 1., Thames Haw. D. &R Vale of Neath Watered. dt Kilkenny Waterford&Limeriek West Cm nwall.. West End of London and Crystal Palace Do. A Do. B ,West London _ ....... Do. First Class Do. Second Class IWmbledon &Croydon, BRITISH Atlan. and SL Law. Bombay, Baroda, and I Cen.lnd,guar. sp. c. IDo. Buffalo & Lake Bur. Buff. , Brut. (It God cb. 1 6 p. c.bds., 1 Aug. ,'72 Do. do., 1 July, '73! Do. do., 1 June, '74; I Calcutta and S. East. Central Oude (Lina.)l Ceylon A Blares I Do. B. do. Demerara Eastern Bengal East Indian Do. C Shares p.c.Bnds.,'s7 Do. do. do. '59, do. Geeloug & Melbourne guar. 5 per cent. . Gd. Trunk. of Canada, I Do. 6 p. c. Deben 1 Gt. In. Pen. g. 5 per c Do. New. guar. 5 P.C I Gt. Wostn. of Canada Do. New IDo, Bds. payable '57 IDo. do., "76, p.'6o !Do. do., '73, do 'Do, do., '73, without' option IMadras, guar. 4i P.C. ' Do. do., 5 per c. Do. 4i p. c. Exten. Do. 3d Ex., g. sp.c. Do. 4th Ex., do. Oude (Limited) Scinde, guar. 5 per c Do ISSESSIONS. Id id . s i_ 5 d •.• ... 1 le p A - 97 --98 i -- i d 20i -- 21A 1 43 -- 44 76 -- 73 19f -- 19; id -- 20i --21 p —99 --101 105 -- 110 1105 -- 110 1102 -- 105 17i -- 19i -19 i 11 -- lid id Id-- d di •. -- I P ... i - FOREIGN. • 10 all Antwrp &Rotterdam 6i —6/ 20 18 Ardennes. ••• 5 all Belgian East. Junct. 1 1 lk 20 16 Beziers to Graissessac 6 all Carmeaux&Toulouse Coal Mines and Ry. 4 4j 4/ 20 12 Dutch Rhenish 20 all Eastern of France 284 281 20 all Do. New 20 2s. Euphrates Valley 20 18 l a Central of France 231 244 20 all ,Great Luxembourg 6l —6), 16 4 Italian Junction ••• 20 all Lake Const. & Bale .. 20 all Lierre and Turnhout ~. ...d 20 6 Lombardo-Venetian 34 4p 9 101 10 5 all Lucca dr Pist.sp.c.p. 20 all Lyons and Geneva 27 274 27/ 20 all Lyons & Mediterran. -- 333 all Maria Anteula 10 111 I• • Do. New • •• 20 all Namur & Liege 20 all Do. do. 6p. c. Pref lB/ —19 i 16 all Northern of France 36 361 36i 10 i all NorwegianTrnk•Pref 9 10 20 I all Paris and Lyons 34/ 35 354 20 i all Paris and Orleans 55 57 20 7 Reeife & San Fraa , {Perham.) g. 7p. c l4 id 8 10 Rums and Frascati,, 20 all Royal Danisk l4 • 16 16 5 all Royal Swedish 3 20 all Sambre and Meuse 7 71 10 all ')o. 5. per cent. prof. 7/ 20 i all Southern of France 25 251 8i all West Flanders 5 54 10 all , Do. 54 per c. Pref . 8/ 9 4 20 all I W.& N. W. of France 28 284 20 6 ,Western of Austria._ 20 all ;West, of Switzerland 6 all I Wiesbaden 6 all Do. Bp. cent. pref. 20 all 'Zealand ••• lAustra J ia O sia lNT-STOCK BANKS. 83 of 123 0 a 1 LB' Bankll3 3 a r i n . C of B LE k ogi . ly d c l i tn n • Co. . 82 . ---- 35° : 7d 50 all Brivsh.N. A 20 8 C.13k. 0f l d rne • ' can ••• "' 100 50 'City.,. n •Au.&Ch .d 100 25 Coloni.l **************** 6 - 67 100 20 lE Con.mgmsceort.& Commercial of ****** 17.8 .. 4 294 20all 20 all Lon. Ch. Bk.of Aust l4 20 all !Ditto New lB4 184 50 20 ,London and County 50 ILnd.d/E.Bnkng.Corp 50 10 London Joint Stock. ... 31_ 1 00 20 Lond.andWestminst. 100 35 National Pro. of Eug. 20 10 Do. New... 50 221sNational Bank 20 all New South Wales 46 25 all Oriental Bank Corp 1 3 8 6 3 18 7 .3 20 20 Ottoman Bank 100 Provinc al of Ireland ... ••• 10 all Do. New ' 5 1 R.Aus.B.&G.Im.Co . . 3 . - 25 all South Australia 32 r 25 all Union of Australia_ 50 1 514 514 4 2: 1 Do. New 6 7 50 10 Union of London — ••• 264 100 50 Unity Mutual •.. „..d 1 0 0 ISO Veotraßk oflionde 13 lld LINES LEASED AT FIXED' EE NTALS. RAiLwAYs. Leasing Companies °login, Prices resteriay Ln. kW. W. Caledon ... IE.II.tirE.O 'Gt.Northn E. Count. Caldonian. Do.. gt.Westn. Y. & N.M Do Do S. Eastern Do Peto &Co Do La. &N .W W. dr Midld. Midland... E. Count Do Do Do Do T G . t. B N r o a rt es h e i; M. MClean , Stk. dzDar.l Do. Gt. W, restn. 92 - 94 94 - 96 12 - 14 131 - 133 n - 44 106 - 107 12 124 22i —23 i 93 97 1 24 2i 90 91 Par - 1 p 154 561 128 - 130 7i - 81 9 - 91 31 - 32 84 - 86 St. li St. 11 25 1 St. 11 Buckghamsh. helydetrtaleJc. Col.Stour Vy. E. Lin. g. 6 p.v E. Un. H. Sh. Glas. Barr. dz Neils. Direct. St. 100 Do. New 25 all Glsti.&Dn.Fr 50 all Hull dr Selby , 25 all Do. Shares 12i all Do. I Shares 121 all Lon.&Greenw 20 I all Do. Preference St. 100 Lon. Til., &S. 10 74 Do. Bark. Sh. 5i all Manch.Bxton. and Matlock Mdld. Bradfd. 54 Newmarket BuryE.G.spc. .11 N.drEst.s p.c. 611 Do. 6 per ct 611 Do. Fixed sp. c .11 Prest. &Wyre .11 ,Do. Shrs. /0 I Roystn & Hit. 11 i Shrews .& Her .11 IS. Staffordsh.. ll IWearVal.g6pc 11 IDo . St. 100 Wilts&Somrst 50 I a] 50 I a: 50 a] 25 } a] 12i! a' St. rlO 10 a] 12 I a] 50 St. lil PREFERENI Blyth and Tyne 10 p. e.pref.(ised.at J Bris.&Ex.4 p.c. St. 5 Do. 4 per c. Shares., 10 Caledn. £lO 4} p. c, 10 Ches. & Ho. 51 p.c. 10 Do. do. 5 per cent... ill Cork&Bandonsip.c. tll Dun.Perth.&Aber.J. 2 E. Anglian Cls. A Sh. )0 Do. do. Cls. B 6p. c. )0 Do. do. Cls. C7p. c. )0 Eas.Co.Ex,sp.cNo.l 10 Do. No. 2 )0 Do. New 6 pr. c. St. ►ll East Un., G. 6 p. c. al Do. 51., 10 per cent. ►ll Do. 10/. Debentr.Sh. al Do. do. 4 per cent... 10 East Lancash.6p.cts. E.&W. York. J. sths 5 Edin.drGl. 5 p.c. Sh. 10 Ed.Prth.&Dun.4p.c. )0 Furness, sp. c..... .. )0 Glas. dr 5.W.G.5 p.c. )0 Great Northn. 5 p.c. 10 Do. 5 p. c. Redeem. at 10 p. c. prem.... 10 Do. 44 per cent i 0 Do. 5 p.c., Rod, at 5 p. c. prem. ill Gt.N.ofScot.lst Pre 10 Gt. S &W. (Ireland) .5 Do. 4 per c, Prof. St. 6 Gt.W.(B.&H.Ex.spc 10 Do. con. red. 44 p.c. 10 Do. con. rod. 4 p. c. 10 Do. irred. 4 per lent. 10 Do sp. c. red. pref. 11 Do. Birm. Pref. Sh 11 Do. Chester Bp. c.P.S 11 Do. do. 5 p. c. do 10 Do. Birm, Gua, Stk 11 Do. Cbesh. Gua. Sh, 11 Do. do. do. 11 Do. do. do 10 Lan.dt York. 6 pc. St 10 Lon. &B.G. 5 pc. No.l 10 D0.,P.,5p.c.5t.N0.2 10 Do. New Guar. 6p. c. 10 Do. do. sp. c., N 0.4 10 Lon. & & Nuneaton 5 p. ct /0 Lon. & S.W. 7 perct late 3d Shares al Londy.& Color. Sh al Londy.&Ennis. Sh, 10 M., S.,&L. 6p. Cent.! 44 Do. do. do. £6 )0 De. do. 34 per cent. ill Marypt. kCarl.4 p.c. ►ll Do. 4 per cent 0. Do. do. Ifid.Consol.6p.c. St JO Do.Con.Br.Bir.6p.c 00 Do. 4. p. c. Pref. St 00 Do. L. &H. Pref. St all New., A.ber., &c., pr 5 p. c. red. 5 p.c. pm, 8 Do. Perpet. 6 pr. ct. all IsTorfk. Deb. 4 p.c. Sh. 100 Do. sp. c. Ext. 1846 100 Do. 5i p.c. pf , 1847 100 V.5p..,1847 1100 North British ... 25 I a] St. 10 20 St. 10 St. 101 St. 101 64 al 64 al 10 10 al St. 101 20 li 50 0 St. 10( St. 101 8 al 10 al 10 al 261 fh] 13 al 20 al St. 101 St. 10( St. jll st. Ii 33 Do. 71. Preference )0 N E. Berw. 4 p.c.Prf 83 Do. do. do .3 IDo. Leeds 6 pc. No.l 9 Do, do. Qrs., 184 S I .0 Do. York H.& S. Pur dl North Staffordshire Ox., Wor. & Woly. 6 p.c. ' Ist guar. )0 Do. 6p. c. 2d guar al , Scot. Cent. New Pref )0 Sc.N.E.Aber.g.6p.c 1 )0 Do. do. 7 p.c. pf, St )0 Do. d0,.3i p.c. pf. St dl South Devon a Do. fixed 4i pr cent. al S. Eastern (Reading Ann.) of £1 Os. 6d. )0 Do. 4i per cent LOO Do. Fixed 4i p.c. Sh )0 S. Wales Gua. 4 p. c )0 Do. do. 4i p. ill S.Yorksh.4p.c.Guar ill Stock. kDar., sp. c , .5 Do. do. do. Stock, k Hartl. g. 5. p.c. till July 1, '56 Waterfd&Kilk. 6 pc.l BRITISH 12Alfred Cons. (Philk.) A !British Iron I Condurow (Cambrn.) 1 Dev. Gt. (Tay.) Ls Great South Tolgus Li 3 , G rt. W. Alfrd. (Philk. ), 7 IGrt.W. Vor (llelstn.) l L3s Lady Bertha ri N. Frances (Illogan) N. W. Basset (Illogan) 15 North Wheal Crofty Li Par. Cons. (St.Blaxy) 9 Porkellis U. (Wend.) is. Sort. Cons. Min. Co !b S. Caradon (St. Cleor) 2 S. Carn Brea (Moo.) 9 S. W. Frances(lllogn. ) i Tarn. S. &L. Min. Co. Tin Croft 0 Un.Minem (Gwennap' !sG'V. of Towey (Camar . ; !1 IW. Basset (Illog an ) 0 :W. Caradon (Liskrd Wh. Basset (Illogan) Wh. Buller (Rdrnth), IWli. Edward(Calstek Wh. Kitty (U. Llant 8 Wh. Ma. Ann (Menht. 4i Wh. Trelawney (Lis. 20 ' 35 2' 30 EIJ 20 1 40 a] ... I 30 I 11 FOREIGN 7 Australian Brazilianlmp.(issued at £5 pm) 11 Do. Cocaes (St Cuiada 5 Do. St. John Dcl Rey Clarendon Con. Min. Co. of Jamaica 11 Cobre Copper .6 Copiapo 11 Fortuna .11 General 11 Linares 1i Lusitanian 11 Mariquita 11 New Granada ,11 Novean Monde 11 Pont.Sil.LdM.& Smlt 1 Port Philip .6, Santiago de Cuba 11 Routh Australian 11 Do. Scrip Do. 10 p. c. Pref United Mexican MISOEL .9 Australian Agricult.' 11 Australn. Royal Mail Xll Berlin Water Works.. :0 Brit. American Land 6 Canada Do. Go. 6pc.JanSauly Do, 6 p.c.Feb.,StAug. D 0.6 p.c. Mar.&Sept. ,11 Copper Min. of Eng. 611 Do. Pref. 7/ p. cent 611 Crystal Palace 611 Do. Preference 4 all Crystal Pal. of France iDt.iston Iron Ore.. .8 iEastern Steam.... )0 Electric Telegraph Lll Electric Tel. of Irel. ill Eno&Aust:Cop.SmCol Os.lEur. & Ind.Jctn. Tel. .11 Gen. Ir. Sc. Col.(lim.) 4 Gen. Steam Navigat. 5 London Discount 11 bond. Gen. Omnibus .0 Magdalena St. Navig. l t.ll Mediteran. Elec. Tel. ►ii Mexican& S.Americu 5 Nat. Discount Co 1 5 Do. New 6 Netherlands Land i al Do. Do. ill Do. 8 p.e.Pf. iss. at I d.! 2 Do. Do. i 0 New B. &N. S. Land' )0 N. S. W. Gov. sp.c. D. ,11 N. B. Australasian... ill Nrth.ofEuropeSteaml dl Oriental Gas .os. Do New Shares 311 Peelßr. Ld. (St Minrl 1 all Peninsular 4 Oriental 10 Do. New . all Rhymney Iron all Do. New iCI Royal Mail Steam._ iil Scot. Austral. Invest. 01 Do. New 01 S. Aus, Gov. 6 p. e. bds ill South Austral. Lard Submarine Tel. Scrip 01 I Do. Registered 5 ;True. Ln. Co. Up. Can 2 , 1 2 . 1VaU Diemen p Land... IRELAND. DUBLIN, TUESDAY. THE LATE FRAUDS IN BELFAST. The Belfast News Letter of yesterday has some further particulars in connection with the recently discovered frauds in the Customs : " Since the discovery of the extensive frauds every exertion has been made to arrest Mr. J. J. Moore, the person who is charged with being the perpetrator of this robbery. As soon as it was found he had left Belfast the police in Dublin and Liverpool were telegraphed to, and a description sent of his general appearance; and on Fri day evening Inspect or Shi e ld. , o f t h e l oca police force of this town, left by the steamer for Liverpool, as it was considered Moore would make for that port, in order to sail thence for America at the earliest opportunity. A little before the Belfast steamer arrived in Liverpool the Asia left that port with the mails for New York, and n Mr. Shields was i n f orme d b y an of fi cer o f th e Li ver p oo l mpooliocree, had, t aaaptehrey were sonh swe a small boat on board of the A s i a i mme di ately b e f ore s h e sa il e d, an d informed,ring the on description eb given of y the police were unable to reach the vessel until she had got under weigh and steamed down the river. A tele graph to that effect was sent to Belfast, where immediate steps were taken to, if possible, have him arrested before the Asia would get clear of the channel. A tele graphic despatch was sent to Cork, from C. Hunt, Esq., R. M., directing the constabulary there to engage a steamer and proceed outside there to watch the Asia, and endeavour to get on board of her and search for Moore, of whom a description was also sent them. Several gentlemen interested in the arrest of this de linquent proceeded, accompanied by Inspector M'llroy, of the Belfast police force, down the Lough in the steamer Wonder on Saturday afternoon, with the object in view of watching for the Asia, should she have sailed northward from Liverpool, and after going down some distance they exchanged to the Vesta, in which they hoisted the Admiralty flag, and prooeeded in her to the North Channel, where she remained all night and re turned to our quays yesterday morning without having met with the Asia; and it is confidently stated that the Americas mail steamer could not go by the northern route without having been met by the Vesta, so that it is hoped those who bad been on the look-out at Cork may have seen the st e amer as she passed that coast, and have been able to search her for Moore, and if on board, to of course arrest him. The Asia must have been off the Cork coast at about 2 o'clock yesterday morning, and intelligence of the success or non-success of the efforts put forth is expected here this morning. It has been found that in leaving this town Moore went by oar to Lisburn, and when dispensing with the services of the vehicle there, he directed the driver to meet him at the Ballymena Railway Terminus at 4 o'clock, and if he should not arrive by that train to drive out for him to Saintfield, all of which the driver states be did, but of course failed in meeting with Moore, whe was at the time too much engaged in evading the telegraph and detec tives, a work whiqh, as far as we have yet learnt, he has succeeded in perforrniog, and we would suggest to the authorities and those interested in his arrest that it is more than probable he has not yet departed from Ire land, and no exertions should be left untried to have him secured. We are inclined to think that Moore has not sailed in the Asia, sad we are led to this belief from several reasons which it might not at present be judicious to publish. We may mention, how ever, that Mr. Bristow, of this town, is a passenger on board that steamer, and it is not likely that Moore would go in the same vessel with a person who would at once know him. We merely state these matters as being worthy of the attention of the authorities, who we hope will not relinquish their efforts to have Moore taken, even should the Asia not be met with, or, if met, that he should not be found on board of her. During the course of Saturday a further examination of the stores was made, and we understand that several additional tea chests were found filled with rubbish like those previ ously discovered. Toe entire frauds, it is estimated, will amount to about 10,0001., the one half of this b e i ng the duty on the bonded goos, and the remainder the value of the property itself." /HE BALLINASLOE GREAT OCTOBER FAIR. The following account of the first day's opera tions appearsin eaunders's Newsletter of this day : " Ballioasloe, Monday Evening, 5 o'clock. "The 4th October having fallen on Sunday the show of sheep took place to-day. As was expected, there was a decline in the numbers exhibited for sale compared with those of last year, but the fair must be considered, on the whole, _ a large one ; and though I make this statement as ray own opinion, there are many gentlemen who are fully in the belief that there is no decrease in numbers. The Connaught &eke:la-dere entered the race park of Garbaliy this moaning, fully confident that prices would rule higher than usual ; in fact, that they might demand and obtain what they pleased. For a length of time business was very dull. Sellers held out for long prices, and buyers refused t 3 make any conces sions. Transactions were rather dull up to 12 o'clock, when the rain eornmenced to fall in torrents. The pre vious eight had unfortunately been a wet one, but towards daylight, the morning having cleared, the sheep had considerably improved in their appear mice. No doubt the early sales were effected by this circumstance, but it was to no purpose after midday, for from that time we experienced a regular deluge. Not withstanding this the prices obtained for sheep surprised every one. The anticipation of a decrease in the num bers of sheep arose from the statement of the Earl of Carlisle at the Waterford exhibition-1 mean the an rouncement founded on the returns of the Registrar- General, to the effect that there was a material diminu tion in the number of sheep throughout the entire king dom, and as a matter of course, the circumstance would have its effect at Ballinaaloe, the great national envie rium for the sale of live stock. When business com menced, which was at 8 o'clock, there was a demand for all classes of sheep. Withers brought very high prices, and the advance over last year was from 3a. to 6e. per head. Young ewes were alio purchased at a consider able advance, but towards evening there was rather a reaction, at least in the case otold e s'es." "The tetral number of sheep sold to-day, as shown by the official returns, t Wag 51,172, o r about 27,000 less on the show-day la s t year. " THE PROCLAIMED DISTRICT. At a meeting of the Privy Council held on Sa turday it was resolved to enlarge the limits of the proclaimed district so as to embrace several addi tional townlands on the Down side of Belfast, and an additional proclamation was agreed to accordingly. INQUEST ON SERJEA-NT SALMON, 3D BUFFS.—THE MILITIA RIOT AT LIMERICK. Yesterday, at Limerick, an inquest was held on the body of Serjeant Salm on 3d Buffs. Sir M. Barrington, Crown, solicitor, appeared on the part of the Attorney-General to conduct the case for th• Crown. On Saturday Patrick Hayes, of the county Limerick Militia, was the only person in custody. Yesterday four other privates, viz., Wm. O'Brien, David Flaherty, Martin Tuohy, and John Sheehan were also charged. The examination of witnesses was then proceeded with. Anne Shearman sworn—l remember last Monday night. I was not at the circus; but on that night I was passing through C°looey- s t reet a b out 1 1 o ' c l o ck, when I met the serjeaut, who i s s i nce dead. H e as ked me if I knew where we could ge t a d r i nk. I sa id I did not know, as all the shops were shut, but would try. He came on with me, and when we reached near the corner of King's-lane, where I live, we met three of the County Limerick Militia. Two of them addressed the serjeaut, and said, "Are you a serjeaut of the Baer He said, "I am, what demand have you on me?" They said, "Will you give us money for drink?" and he said he would not, they had no claim on him. I said they were no men, for three of them to attack one; I said this because from their manner I thought they were going to do so. I said, ,‘ A re y o u g o ing to s t r ik e t h e man ?" Th e y said, " Yes, and you, if you deserve it." Th e sergeant and witness passed on the lane, and went i n to the house together. There were two civilians in the house when they went in. Their names were Barry and Hanlon. There were five other females in the house besides witness—namely, Mary Savage, Ellen Flaherty, Margaret Keefe, Catherine Goggin, and ANDO Ranehan. In about five minutes after the sergeant and witness had been in the house the place was attacked, and the windows broken in with stones. The stones came in about the house. There was a great noise. The sergeant and the two civilians who were in the house said it was too bad that they should be treated in such a way. They then opened the door and rushed out. When the sergeant came back in a few minutes be had his hand up to the side of his head. I looked at his head and saw the cut, In a short time Barry and Han lon also returned to the house, and anon after three of the militia men entered. Hayes and O'Brien are two of them. When they came the second time to the door there was a railway porter named Walsh with thew. Catherine Goggin asked, " Who comes there— didn't ye do enough ?" and one of them repled they were gaugers, and beard she sold whisky. She then opened the door, and when the militia men and the railway porter wsobuen wound said o n thehe teas serg sergeant's entered, one of the chaps said, " Did you see a sergeant of the 3d Buffs here I" She replied that be was gone. Hayes was one of the militiamen. He bad two bricks in his hands, and ssaaiidd,:::: well uog Gogg i n nr thathim whiehins s ou li l f d e. t an h d ad auc h n e r e d n . gone. or I would hav nh e lea h nw i , secreted bi‘nvrgoauilysghht, iat et tihynheelaer men ti r el e twnh o ßei m yn a t place. t h ti mee Th e head was washed, and he Ras put to bed. HO, did not speak a word after he entered the house the second time. Next morning went to the sergeant major of th e Buffs, and told him that a sergeant of his corps was in a bad state in King's-lane . Also identified Hayes in the militia barrack. To Mr. O'Shea—When the sergeant was going out, after the attack on the house was made, he had his belt in his hand. To Colonel Dickson—There was no other woman with the sergeant when I first met bun. I think he was per fectly sober. To Mr. Fagan—l was out in the lane, but didn't see what occurred. I didu't see Hayes strike the sergeant karat: eSerargoeuat: with a belt. Mr. O'Shea—DA you swear before the magiArate that you saw Hayes strike the sergeant with his belt ? Witness—l did rot, sir. Mr. O'Shea—Then it was not you that wrote to the Dublin paper. The prisoner Hayes—Gentlemen, allow me to say that this girl did swear before the magistrate that I doubled up my belt and struck the sergeant, and she •now swears she did not see roe do se. Witness—lt was Margaret Reefe that swore it, not me. Margt. Keefe was next examined, and swore she saw Hayes strike the sergeant with a belt in the stri set, and that when he (Hayes) came back the second time looking for the sergeant he had two brickz in his hand which she took from him. She also identified Wm. O'Brien and ftnafness yciter IV David Flaherty as of the party of militia men who were engaged in the attack. Win. Barry and James Hunton, Mary Savage, Ellen Flaherty, and Catherine Loggia were examined. Their evidence was merely corroborative of the testimony of the other females as to the attack upon the house in King's•lane by the militiamen, but nothing transpired to implicate the prisoners as regarded the assault which unfortunately caused the death of Sergeant Salmon. At fire o'clock the inquest was again adjourned. BALLINASLOE, TUESDAY, 11 A.m. BALLINASLOE FAIR. The rain ceased about 10 o'clock last night, and a limited supply has caused a great increase in the prices of sheep on yesterday's rates. Wethers, 3s. and ewes, 2s. higher. There was a demand for at least 20,000 more than were in the fair, and every lot was sold off rapidly. Horses and cattle are coming in. Of the former some are very good, and, it is expected, will fetch high prices. The weather is beautiful. HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK. (Prom the Report of the Registrar-General.) In the week that ended on Saturday, Oct. 3, the number of deaths registered in London was 1,087. In the 10 yews 1847-56 the average number of deaths in the weeks corresponding with last week was 1,136, which, if raised in proportion to increase of population, becomes 1,250. The deaths from diarrhoea last week were 79, being nearly the same as in the previous week, when they were 83. There were n• deaths from cholera among adults ; but two cases of infants who died of choleraic diarrhoea are referred to this head. A potman, aged 34 years, died in the HackneyWorkhothse on Sept. 28, of " natural decay, accelerated by want." On the 3d of July the wife of a serjeant committed suicide with cyanide of potassium; on the 15th of July a woman committed suicide with the same substance; and on the 29th of August the son of a serjeant, aged six years, was poisoned by it, the bottle which held it having been left within his reach. Cyanide of potassium is used by soldiers for cleaning their lace. Of six nonagenarians whose deaths are re turned, the oldest are two men, aged respectively 94 and 95 years, and a woman who died in the workhouse, Newington, at the age (as stated) of 105 years. Last ,week the births of 916 boys and 849 girls, in all 1,765 children, were registered in London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1847- 56 the average number was 1,141. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29.868 in. The mean temperature was 58.4 deg., which is 4.6 deg. above the average. The mean daily tempera ture was morn or less above the average throughout the week. The wind was generally in the south west. No rain fell except on Monday, when the amount was 0.17 in. Fourteen thousand two hundred and fifty-nine persons died in the quarter that ended Sept. 26. The number exceeds by nearly 200 that of the lame period in 1836. But if diarrhoea had not pre vailed more in the past summer than it did in 1856, other conditions being unaffected, the pre sent returns would have indicated a superior de gree of health. In the last three summers the total deaths were (taking them in the order of time) 13,042, 14,066, 14,259; and the deaths from diarrhoea were 1258, 1610, 2343. The influence of a particular disease in raising the total mortality, which would otherwise be stationary or depresseJ, is palpable in these numbers ; and a like inct ease is traced in the deaths attributed to complaints of a kindred character, and to some sporadic diseases affecting the alimentary system. Dysentery was fatal in the threesumtners to 46, 73, and 84 persons ; cholera to 106, 131, and 177 parsons. To tabes mesenterica 262, 284, 333 deaths aro referred ; to disease of the liver 122, 143, 187 ; and under teeth ing, though the number decreased in 1856 from 141 to 122, it rose this summer to 163. The unusual heat experienced in the first months of the quarter, co-operating with agencies that are more under control, has perhaps been mainly efficacfoue in pro ducing these results ; but with the knowledge th tt cholera has been lately infesting parts little re moved from our coast, it may be conjectured that the epidemic virus extended itself in a milder form beyond the immediate field of action, its advance is force being only a question of time and opportunity. The speculation may bo futile, but the fac.s must be admitted, and supply a more than sufficient motive for preparation. The heat of the last quarter is its Wriliing meteor ological feature, and will be described by stating that the mean temperature was 63.6 deg., which is 3.5 deg. above the average, and that there was an excess of the mean temperature above its average in 12 weeks out of the 13, and on 71 days out of the 91. The result is a reduction in the mortAlity of pulmonary diseases, particularly br,nichitis and pneumonia ; and it will be seen also that cephalitis, apoplexy, and paralysis were less fatal than usual. MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCT. 3. Zymotic Diseases Diseases of Uncertain Seat Tubercular Diseases . . lB5 Diseases of the Brain, Nerves and Senses Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 5O Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of Respiration 125 Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion Diseases of the Kidneys, &c. Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c. Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles .. 3 Diseases of the Skin ; &c. Malformations 1 Premature Birth and Debility 3O Atrophy Old Age sudden . 14 Violence, Privation, Cold, and Inte m p erance 129 Causes not specified DEATHS PROM ALL CAUSES Population Deaths in corre- Deaths Enumerate& sponding week in the 1851. of 1556. Week. West Districts North Districts 490,396 Central Districts 393,256 East Districts 485,522 South Districts Totals Males Females BIRTHS IN THE WEEK. Males Females 1,071 1,087 588 459 916 849 Total - 1,765 SANITARY STATE OF TFIE CITY. Yesterday, at the City Court of Sewers, Dr. Letheby, the medioal officer of health, presented his weekly report, from which the following is an extract : TIM NUISANCE ON THE WASTE GROUND OT NEW VICTORIA-STREET. "A letter has been received from the board of works of the Holborn district, containing an extract from a recent report of their medical officer of he sltb. It is to the effect that last spring be directed the attention of the board to a very great nuisance caused by large, accumulatisns of putrifying animal and vegetable re fuse upon the waste ground between Saffron-6;11 and Cow-cross. The City authorities, to whom the pro perty belongs, at once took active measures to abate the nuisance, and much good was thereby accom plished. He now complains of a large and offensive pool of stagnant water on a piece of ground between St. Peter's Church and the lower part of Vine-street. " This complaint has been submitted to me for inves- tigation, and in reporting of it I think it hardly neces sary that I should occupy your time with anything more than a very general description of the barren waste upon which the offensive thing stands. "Years ago, a large tract of land, extending from Holborn to Clerkenwell, crowded with the worst dens of the metropolia, and haunted by poverty and crime, was cleared of its wretched habitations to make way for the new street that now traverses it from end to end. That a great public improvement was effected by this clear ance there can be no doubt, but it remains,for the future to have it fully realised, for at present as the rubbish of old buildings was first heaped together, so it now stands, and where the pits were dug to reach the deep foundation, there they still remain ; in point of fact, except for the rich contributions that have been fre quently made to the refuse of the place by the coster rsongers, the oyster-dealers, and the countlees poor of the neighbourhood, the ground is in pretty much the same condition as when the last house in the 01l colony was levelled. The coudition of the surface is very favourable for the collection of stagnant water and the formation of offensive pools, such as now the subject of complaint. There can be no doubt of their unwholesome influence and of the necessity for removing them. "Another source of annoyance to the neighbourhood is the disgusting way in which the dry arches of the new street are used. Hundreds of these arches line the two sides of the road, and form the boundary of the barren waste to which I have been alluding. By day they are the resort of persons whose conduct is offen sive to public decency, and by night they are tenanted by wretched outcasts who can promo no better shelter. I wish indeed they had no worse occupants ; for upon the City side of this locality we have long since found it necessary to fill the arches up. I therefore recom mend not only that the surface of the vacant ground should be made level and the ditches filled in, but also that the police who are on duty there, and the keeper of the ground who is employed by the corporation should be instructed to prevent any improper u-ie of the open arches. " And now that I am reporting of waste ground, I am desirous of directing your attention to see eral places within the City, where the inhabitants are accustomed to deposit their trade tefuse, and thus to be a constant Source of annoyance to the neighbourhood and expense to the commission. One of these is in Angel-alley, Bisbopsgate-street. It is a large space of unclaimed Iground, that has been converted into a common laystall. At the present time it contains some hundred tons of rubbish, besides many cartloads of oyster shells that have been recently deposited there. Another such a place is in Willis's-court, Brackley-street ; a third in Half-moon alley, Little Moorfields ; a fourth in Featherbed-hill, Moor-lane ; and a fifth in Sussex-place, Leadenhalt. street. If these places could be cleared and then paved over, or even if they could be boarded in, the nuisances would be abated and the commission would annually save a sum of money which they now pay to the sca vengers for carting the refuse away. "As to the water supply of Thompson -court that was referred to me for examination at the last meeting of the commission, I have to report that in the month of Nov., 1853, orders were given to the landlord to provide cis terns for the supply of the six houses in the court. He then erected three tanks over the closets of the alter nate houses. These tanks will hold about 450 gallons of water. But this quantity is not sufficient for the I]9 inhabitants of the court, besides which the cisterns are so placed as to receive the offensive effluvium from the closets, and the water is thereby rendered unfit for do mestic use. My recommendation, therefore, is that as the cisterns are only sufficiently large to supply the closets of the six houses, an order be given for the con struction of another cistern, capable of holding 500 gal lons, and that it be erected, with all needful appliances, in the court." Orders were issued accordingly by the commission. EPIDEMIC CHOLERA. The following precautionary advice to local boards of health, with reference to epidemic cholera, has been issued by the General Board of Health, Whitehall : " General Board of Health, Whitehall, Sept. 29. "Cholera has again become epidemic in several of the Baltic ports, and at Hamburg. On each of the three former occasions, when the disease has visited England, its first appearance in our eastern seaports followed closely on its epidemic outbreak in the last-named city. " During the past three months there has been ob ser►ed in London, and in some other parts of England, a very unusual fatality irons diarrhoea ; and this de rangement of the public health is such as, on the previous occasions referred to, preceded the commencement of the epidemic periods of cholera. " The General Board of Health deems it expedient to call the attention of local boards of health to these facts, and most earnestly recommends that the powers vested in such boards for the protection of the public health be exeroised from the present time with especial vigilance. "As regards the exercise of those powers with parti cular reference to the prevention of cholera, the most important security for the public health is to be found in the fulfilment of two conditions :—First, that the air within and about dwelling-places be not contaminated , with offensive organic effluvia, such as arise when the • bou yes themselves are ill ventilated, overcrowded, and un clean, or when their refuse is not properly removed from them by drainage or otherwise, or when any filty accumu lations exist in their neighbourhood, or when the local sewerage is defective. Secondly, that the public supply of water be, as !ar as possible, unpolluted by any kind of animal or vegetable impurity ; for where cholera is pre sent or impending no house can be considered safe for habitation in which there is any offensive smell of animal refuse, or of other putrefactive animal or vege table matter ; and no water can be considered safe for drinking into which there flows (as is often the case with rivers and with wells in the neighbourhood of house.) any habitual discharge of town refuse or any ac cidental soakage or leakage from drains or cesspools. "An abstract is subjoined (see below) of those more important p►ovisions of the Public Health Act, the Nuisance Removal Act, and the Common Lodging houses Acts, under which local boards of health are able to provide for the sanitary improvement of their respec tive districts in the various matters referred to. "In proceeding to the exercise of these powers at the present juncture, it is desirable that early and special attention should be given to those parts of each district which have hithertl been unhealthiest, particularly to those where cholera has prevailed on previous occasions, or where diarrhoea has been most frequent ; also, that the local board should' be kept well informed as to the amount of bowel complaint prevailing from time to time within their district, and that intelligence should be given to the General Board in care of any notable in crease in the prevalence of such disorder. "It is to be expected that the officer of health (where one has been appointed) will inquire with more than ordinary minuteness into th e state of premises, and into the velity of the different sources of water-supply, within his district ; and that sanitary inspectors of nui sances will use the utmost vigilance in every department of their duty--especially in reference to public scaveng ing, to the state of sewers, to the removal of house-re fuse, to the keeping of slaughter-houses and cattle sheds, and to the fulfilment of such orders for sanitary work as the local board may find it requisite to issue. " Two case:—'urniehed by the experience of the last epidermic—peculiarly deserve the consideration of local boards, as illustrating what may reasonably be expected from► sanitary improvement in averting the ravages of cholera. " 1. In September, 1853, the most devastating out- Lreak of cholera experienced yet in England occurred at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, which is near to Tynernouth, and connected with it by a railway. In Newcastle and Gateshead, within a few weeks, nearly 2,000 people died of Ibe disease ; and the cost (direct and indirect) of this visitation was estimated at aboirt 40,0001. over and above the large losses sustained from the temporary stoppage of trade. In the neighbouring borough of Tynesnoutb, during the same epidemic period, only 12 deaths from cholera occurred, of which four were indigenous cases ; and yet diarrhoea was generally pre valent at Tynemoutb, while cholera prevailed at New castle and the adjoining town of Gateshead. • Many thousand persons from the latter towns fled to Tyne month, and many continued to pass daily between the two towns during the whole time of the visitation. This comparative immunity of Tynemouth is the more te markable from its contrast with the heavy mortality experienced during the out-break of 1848.9, for on that occasion the deaths in the parish from cholera and diarrhoea amounted to 463, and the continge%t expenses for the maintenance of widows and orphans due to that four months' visitation appear to have amounted within the next four years to 7,5001. "The great difference between these results seems to have been entirely due to sanitary improvements effected in Tynennouth during the interval between the two visi tations. Dr. Greenhow (who at that time was chair man of the local board, and took an active part in pro moting its sanitary measures) has written the following account* of the course which was adopted The Public Health Act was applied to the borough of Tyne mouth, on the petition of the town-council, in the sum mer of 1851. The provisions of the Act relative to the registration and regulation of common of common lodg inghouses and slaughterhouses and the construction of new streets and houses were immediately put in force. Care was taken to prevent the erection of houses without proper conveniences, and provision made for ventilation. No ashpits were allowed to be made against the main walls of dwellini-houses or without proper doors and covers. Wherever sewers existed drains from the houses were insisted on, and all persons laying out new streets were compelled to have back entrances to the houses, and to provide for the con struction of drains from the hacks of the houses, instead of carrying them underneath the basement story, as was previously usual. In the autumn of 1852, when the re appearance of cholera in this country was considered probable, an active inspection of the town was instituted by the Public Health Act Committee ; the bycourts and lanes were thoroughly cleansed; the gully grates trapped ; the foul open ditch behind the North-street was cleansed and filled in ; and many other local nuisances throughout the borough were removed, On the report of the first death from Cholera in Newcastle, in 1853, the like measures were again resorted to. The courts, lanes, and common lodging-houses were inspected by the health committee, aided by other members of the town-council. Every common lodging-house iu the town wa■ peremptorily ordered to be lime-washed and cleansed within 48 hours, an order which was obeyed. A large staff of carte and men were at once employed to cleanse all the courts, 'lanes, and back passages in the town, which, after the rough dirt was removed, were sluiced with water thrown into them by a powerful fire engine afloat on the river. All the courts and smaller streets, after being thus perfectly cleansed, were lime washed. Depots of qeicklime for the we of the poor were placed in convenient places throughout the borough, and to induce them to wake free use of it the local autho rities personally visited the inhabitants of the localities in which cholera had formerly prevailed. Ruinous channels were repaired, and where the gullies were imperfectly trapped this was rectified, and chloride of lime, of whic►z a ton was speedily consumed, was profusely used for the purpose of disinfecting them. In the course of 14 days the town was brought into as good a sanitary state as possible under existing circumstances, 1,500 eartloads of manure having been removed in that short period from the vicinity of human habitations. The entire expense incurred by these operations amounted to 2301., which was afterwards reduced to less than 2001. by the sale of the manure." "Secondly the southern districts of London (compris ing nearly a fifth of the entire population of the metro pt lis) have presented a complete proof of the importance of a pu re wa t er supp l y i n re l at i on to t h e ravages o f cho lera. _ For through o ut th ose di s t r i c t s , during the epide rale of 1853-4, ther e were di s t r ib u t e d two different d qua lities of water, so that one large population l w a as tion drinking an ex ceedingly tolerably good water, another large t p foul water; while in o th h e a r e r a e m s o p p e a u c d t i s st t r h in e t s s e , two and populations (being intermixed in these district) e nwta ricti r ) n wer i el n iv e i e n s g . e ll y n e d n er in pr t e h C e is s e a ly m B e iM st i r la e r e s ts of ocia and t sanitaryl And when, at the end of the epidemic prim, the death rates of these populations were c,anpared it was found that the cholera morta lit y in the houses supplied by t h e bad water had been 3i times as great as in the houses supplied by the better water. This proof of the fatal influence of foul water was rendered still stronger by reference to what had occurred in the epidemic of 1843-9 —for on that occasion one of these companies (which noon afterwards improved its suppl)) was giving even s werse water than its rival; and the population supplied by it had at that time suffered a proportionate choler mortality. So that the consequence of the improvement made by this water company in the interval between the two epidem . ca was, that whereas in the epidemic ce 1848-9 there had died 1,925 of their tenants, there died in the epidemic of 1853.4 only 611 ; while ameng the * Cholera in Tynemouth in 1831-32, 1848- ;9 and 1853. By E. H. Ureenhow, M.D., &c., read before the Epidemio logical Society of London, Feb. 5, 1855. 20 I all Ili all St. 100 St. 100 ZO all 10 all 12i - _ 5 100 25 all 25 all St. 100 10; 1 10 1 St. 100 St. 100 50 all 25 ; all 100 all 25; all 50 9 20 Hll St. 100 50 33 St. 100 St. 100 St. 100 St. 100 St. 100 25 all 25 I 161 50 all St 100 St. 100 10 31.1 20 20 10 St. 16i 100 100 85 i 1 33 19/ 561 1 634 4 3 98 7 89" 90 121 k 54 3 i 95 4i 5 1021 96i 51 i 6 89i i 404 i 40 81i a i i 57 48 7i 8 91 i 1 i 77i 7 12il l al 12i al St. 10( St. 10 12 a 12 a' 121 11 St. 10 St. IC St. 1( St. if 2 O St. !101 _4_ al St. JO( St. 1101 25 a] 10! al L 0.61 a] St. XlOl St. 11 St. 101 St. 101 20 al 25 al 25 V 1241 a] 2011 21 43i 2i 4 77 i 131 i 5 4, 10 9 10 I al [OO 3' St. 101 St, 10 St, 10 St. a] 25 a 20 11 St. 101 1 al 25 , 11 15 1 , 20 20 11 10 al 10 al 10 10 a: 5 a] St. L. 1 a, 10 a E SHARES. 6 - - E 7= e' - nt : 110 - 113 117 - 122 105 - 108 103 - 106 122 - 124 ••• • ii - 16 ... ~ 114 -- 116 164 -- 108 101 -- 103 61 - 63 10 - 10, 81 -- 6 87 -- 81 81 83 82 -- 81 96 -- 98 9 -- 94 16 16 9i -- le . 69 -- 7L 181 -18 i 91 -- 91 13i -- 14, 135 - 139 112 - 114 155 - 157 - 62 - 666 129 - 131 91 - 96 85 - 87 ii;i:. iii .00 - 102 91 - 93 1i -1( 1 - ft 22 - 23 111 - 113 102 - 104 sod. ...... ••• 10 - 104 21& -22 i 95 - 100 95 - 100 is- 26 - 274 14 -24 p ••• -- •.. 45 - 60 MINES. 13 -- 14 6 -- 7 105 -- 115 460 -- 470 16i -16 i 6 -- 6 3 -- 13 -- 14 -- 5# 4 19i 1 5} -- 21 -- 21 335 -- 345 5 -- 6 235 245 1 -- 1 I 140 -- 150 24 -- 25 117 i -122 A 200 -- 210 295 -- 310 9 1 -- 9i 21 -- 22 46 -- 48 24 -- 26 MINES. 1/ - 2i ti - 14 45 47 10 12 16 —1 8 id 8 8i 16. p i I i i - 6 -= f ••• - 21 - it 1 i' :ouS . 21 - 22 44 - 54 35 - 40 128 E 134 1094 - 1104 30 - 35 25 27 3 4k ••• ''''' ••• 102 - 104 if - fi li 3i li 3 d 1,- i 1 li - 10 - 24 3 - 3 14 - 111 16 - 95 - 97 1 - li P - i l - 2 P 74 - 76 5- 6 p 21 -23 6 - 8 58 - 60 I. - 14 32 - 34 ••• --- ••• 9 - 11 123/ 21 1011 1301 1 9 i i 12i i i i 130 28 110 tenants of the rival company (whose supply between the two epidemics had become worse instead of better) the deaths, which in 1848-9 were 2,880, had in 1853-4 in• creased to 3,476.* And when these numbers are-made proportionate to the populations or tenantries concerned in the two periods respectively, it is found that the cho lera death-rates per 10,000 tenants of the companies were about as follows :—For those who in 1848-9 drank the worse water, 125 ; for their neighbours, who in the same epidemic drank a water somewhat less impure, 118 ; for those who in 1853.4 drank the worst water which had been supplied, 130 ; for those who in this epidemic drenk comparatively clean water, 37. The quality of water which (as is illustrated in the first three of the«e nnm• here) has produced such fatal results in the metropolis causing two-thirds of the cholera deaths in those parts of London which have most severely suffered from the disease—has been river water polluted by town drain age ; but in other instances there is reason to believe that some of the most destructive outbreaks of cholera which have occurred in particular groups of houses have depended on the use of well-water into which impurities had either been carelessly thrown, or had drained or leaked through the adjoining soil. "The General Board of Health would earnestly direct the attention of local boards to these cases. They (with many similar facts) support the conclusiont which, at the close of the last epidemic, was adopted by the Medi• cal Council of the General Board, to express the present state of scientific knowledge as to the causes of cholera : The doctrine of epidemic cholera which has gained almost universal acceptance does not affect to explain what may be that power—the exciting cause of the epi demic manifestation, which at intervals of time has forayed from place to place about our globe, sometimes vaguely spreading over a widened area, sometimes seem ing to move in more defined procession, and which now for the third time has shed its fatal influence on our land. But, with this mystery still unsolved, there ha■ grown more and more into shape a doctrine which is both intelligible and practical that the undiscovered power, in its wanderings, acts after the manner of a ferment ; that it therefore takes effect only amid congenial circumstances, and that the stuff out of which it brews poison must be air or water abounding with or ganic impurity.' " It is possible that no human efforts may suffice to avert the course of that epidemic ferment which thus at certain intervals of time, comes, as it were to test the sufficiency of our sanitary defences. But public authori ties, armed with the existing powers of the law, can do almost everything to render the mysterious influence in nocuous by removing those local conditions through which alone it is enabled to destroy life in this climate. "Local boards may be well assured that if any precau tions adopted by them against cholera should hereafter seem to have been superfluous in re/ation to that epidemic —if the suggested possibility of a fourth visitation should happily not now be realised—the pains and cost which may have been given to sanitary improvement will in no degree have been wasted, since undoubtedly such exer tions will have borne fruit in preventing other disease and in lessening both the misery and the expense, the waste of life and the waste of money, which are now the consc quence of defective sanitary arrangements. " W. Cowran, President." " APPENDIX. " POWERS OF LOCAL BOARDS OF HEALTH, WHICH OUGHT TO BE STRINGENTLY EXERCISED AT THIS TIME. " 1. UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT. "To provide that al streets within the district, in cluding the foot-pavements, are properly swept, cleansed, and watered, and the dust, ashes, rubbish, fiith, dung, and soil therein collected, and removed. (Sec. 55.) " To provide that all drains and water-closets, privies, cesspools, and ash-pits are constructed and kept so as not to be a nuisance or injurious to health, and to give authority in writing to the surveyor to enter and examine any premises with reference to the state of the drain, water-closet, privy, cesspool, or ash-pit. (Sec. 54.) " To drain, cleanse, cover, or fill up, at the owner's or occupiers expense, all pools, ponds, open ditches, sewers, drains, and places used fur the collection of any drainage, flab, water, matter, or thing of an offensive nature or likely to be prejudicial to health, with power to pay the whole or part of these expenses out of the general or special district rates. (Sec. 58 ) "To order the removal, within 24 hours, of any nui sance arising from swine, kept so as to be a nuisance to any person, (Sec. 59.) " To pr )ceed agai n 4 any person who suffers waste or stagnant water to remain in any part of a dwelling-house for 24 hours after notice, or who allows the contents of any water-c'oset, privy, or cesspool to overflow or soak therefrom. (Sec. 59.) " To take proceedings against the owners or occupiers of any houses wiamb, on the certificate of the officer of health, shell appear to be in such a filthy or unwhole some condition that the health of any person is affected or endangered thereby ; and to direct the whitewashing, cleansing, or purifying thereof where this would tend to prevent or check infectious or contagioui disease. (Sec.6o.) "To prevent the business of a blood-boiler, bone boiler, fellmonger, slaughterer of cattle, horses, oranimals of any description, soap-boiler or tallow-welter, tripe boiler, or other noxious or offensive trade, business, or manufacture being newly established in any building or ulace, without the consent of the local board, unless the General Board shall otherwise direct. (Sec. 64 ) "To prevent the occupation of cellars as dwelling houses, unless certain conditions be attended to. (5ec.67.) "To provide a proper and sufficient supply of water for their district if the Water works Company established within such district are not able and willing to furnish such a supply upcn terms certified to be reasonable by the General Board of Health. (Sec. 75.) " To require that houses be supplied with water, if such supply can be furnished at a rate not exceeding 2d. per week. (Sec. 76.) " To cause all existing public cisterns, pumps, wells, &c., used for the gratuitous supply of water to the in habitants to be maintained and plentifully eupplied with water ; or to substitute and maintain other works equally convenient • or to constr uc t asy num b er of new cisterns, pumps, L., for the gratuitous supply of any public bathe or washhouses established otherwise than for private profit, or supported out of any poor or borough rates. (Sec. 78.) "To recover penalties from any person fouling any water under the management or control of the local board, (Sec. 80 ) " 2. UNDER THE NUISANCES REMOVAL ACT, 1855. "To appoint, or join with the other local authorities in appointing a sanitary inspector, a power of entering into premises being given for the following purposes : " 1. To ground proceedings. " 2. To examine the same where nuisances exist, to ascertain the course of drains, and to inspect works ordered by justices to be done. _ -- " 3. To remove a nuisance in case of non-compliance with order, or to inspect articles of food, &c. " Where a nuisance exists a justice shall, on com• plaint, require the person causing it, or, if he cannot be discovered, the owner or occupier of the premises where the nuisance is, to abate it, and in case of non com pliance such person is liable to certain penalties. Where the person causing the nuisance and the owner or occu pier of the premises are unknown the order of the magis trate may be addressed to and executed by the local authority. " Aei nuisance removed may be sold after five days' notice, but where that delay would be prejudicial to health juitices may direct an immediate removal. " To provide that when any ditch, gutter, drain, or water-course is a nuisance, and cannot be rendered info• coons without a sewer or other structure along the same or instead of it, such sewer, &c., be laid down, and to keep it in repair; and assess parties using the ditch, gut ter, drain or water-course as a means of sewerage to the expense thereof, such payment to be either immediate, annual, or extending over a term of years. "To enforce the penalties where any person or coin. pany may fool water with gas washings --the penalty thereof being 2001., and(in addition) a daily penalty of 201. (imposed by the 25th sec.) "To provide that all meat, vegetables, flour, &0., ex posed for sale, on their way to, or in the course of being prepared for sale, or landed from any vessel in any port in England, be duly examined by the sanitary inspector, and if in his opinion they are unfit for human food, to have them seized and taken before a justice, who shall make order thereon. "To see that complaint be made to justices of nuisances arising from noxious trades or manufactures, and of any house so overcrowded as to be injurious to health, the persons causing the same being on conviction, liable to penalties. 4 3. UNDER THE ACTS FOR THE WELL ORDERING} OV COMMON LODGINOHOUSES (14 AND 15 VICTORIA, CHAP. 28, AND 16 AND 11 VICTORIA, CHAP 41.) "To give all keepers of common lodginghouses notice of the Act, calling upon them to register their houses ; the local authorities are to keep this register, entering therein the particulars required by the Act. From time to time, and as circumstances may require, to make re gulations for fixing the number of lodgers who may be received in such registered houses, for promoting cleanli ness and ventilation therein, and with respect to the in. enaction thereof—such regulations to be confirmed by one of the Secretaries of State, and to enloroe these re gulations by the imposition of penalties. To see, by their officers, who have free access to these houses at all times, that the provisions of the Act as regards cleanli ness, "To &c., are duly carried out. see that no house is need as a common lodging. house until the same has been inspected and approved as fit for the intended purpose, and registered, and to re fuse registration unless the person applying can produce a certificate of good character. "Should fever, or any infectious or contagions die tmhoovraitlie o s f the the reof patie nt consenting n t s o e nt an i n g ease, break out in a lod g inghouse, to provid e f or the re.. .To infirmaryor take h c o a e r p e it al, thatth e the e clothes and bedding are disinfected or destroyed, and compensation to the owner for any loss or injury made out of the poor -rate. "On receiving a certificate of the existence of nuisances under the Nuisances Removal Act, to order (when ne cessary) the causes of complaint certified to be removed. "To take care that no lo,iginghouse is kept by any , person disqualified by three convictions under the Act. * Subsequently to the epidemic of 1854 this companY has had recourse to parer sources of supply. t Report of the'Committee for Scientific Inquiries in re lation to the cholera epidemic of 1853-4. ybd ra id nd a yt rg a e ss e e r al d e SCENE AT AN EXECUTION.— A horrible s cene (says the Weser Gazette) took the occa.ion of an expeclaucteiona nuTb Er o f i ndiv duals at H a nover a few days ago on . , -- , -- n r conycarnofitthgermoss excesses, bottles o n f l ~ but subject to epilepsy rushed to the scaffold at th e momen t Not o .he criminal's head fell to drink the blood, the popular and the execa t.):eolnieefr b r e e i a i d ig ily th g a a t v i e t I s t a to cuz i for l c prribleispsirig frightful scene has ~ i tue,i an immense sensation in Hanover, and petitions to the Government, praying that executions may no longer be public, have been numerously signed. all all all all I2s6d I 10s all 10A I all all all all 97i 8 123 25 20 St. 1 I ai 1I a] 47 i 21i I 2 74 5 15A