The Sun. — London, England, 1840-06-04 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION. LITERATURE. BRITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW. No. XX. Taylor, London, 1840. The China question which is just now engrossing so large .1 share of public attention. is very fully, and, a 3 it seems to us, impartially discussed in the present Number of this Quarterly Journal. The Reviewer commences with a brief sketch of the internal condition of China, for which he confesses himself indebted to Mr. Davis's late instructive volumes on this subject, and then proceeds to speak of the causes of the Ce lestial Court's hostility to opium, observing, "Ve e have been informed by gentlemen who have resided long in China, and possessed more than ordinary op portunities of information, that the substantial reason which acts upon the Chinese Government, is the drain of silver out of the country, caused by the importation of opium." If this be so—if the Celestial Court really regard the question in no higher light than one of mere pounds, shillings, and pence, what an enormous amount of panegyric have. the Tories wasted when they lavished their praises on the Emperor, for his tender solicitude for the morals of his subjects Alluding to the pro ceedings taken by Captain Elliot on the occasion of the rupture between the British merchants and the Chinese authorities, the Reviewer expresses himself fa vourably to that Gallant Officer, and expressly states that our Government are bound to redeem the pledge given by him to the owners of opium surrendered to him for the Chinese authorities. The following i 3 the conclusion at which he arrives, after a careful consider ation of the question : '• The Chinese are by no means reconciled to the Tartar yoke. We might pull down the Tartar and set up a Chi naman in his place, but then, how long would the China man remain? When you once begin to pull down an el derly edifice, there is no saying where you are to stop. And so we arrive at the point in the circle where we were some pages back—viz., that we should incur a terrible responsi bility by disturbing the governing forces that at present act upon the Chinese people. Nevertheless we are in clined to think that the latter course would be, upon the whole, the best; and the course which a ruler or minister at once bold and able, resolute and wary, would adopt. We should send out a fleet and army (a draft of troops from India would probably be sufficient), land as near to Pekin as possible ; distribute manifestoes everywhere as we advanced, that we do not mean to plunder the property of the Chinese, or to interfere in the least with the Chinese lazes and institutions; that our sole quarrel is with the Tartar invaders; and our object to place a Chinese on the throne instead of a Tartar ; and to restore to China what evee of her institutions or customs, abolished by the Tar tan:, she wished to have restored. We should march to Pekin, pluck the Tartar from his thro .e, place a Chinaman in his seat. and make the sole c ndition of giving him his etapire that he would sanction free trade with all the world. We think that all this might be done at less expense than a paltry, peddling, indecisive measure would cost, espe cially if we take into account the consequences of these ie. efficient measures, which, like everything at first cheap and bad, are always the most expensive in the end." In the article on " Belgian Literature," which is ehiefly taken up with an analysis of a curious old Flemish poem entitled " Reynard, the Fox," we are told that King Leopold is making every effort to revive a taate for national literature, and discourage imitation s from the French, which have long been the fashion in Belgium. This is one of the most praseworthy schemes that his Majesty has adopted since his acces sion to the throne. " Lapland, and the Lap landers" furnishes us with some details respecting th e manners and customs of the most uncivilized nation in Europe. We take little interest in these details ; for it is not until man has become comparatively civilized, that he can awaken curiosity, and afford food for spe culation. The records of all barbarous tribes are pretty nearly the same, whether freezing at the pole, or !pelt ing beneath a vertical sun. They eat, drink, and sleep this is about the sum total of what history has to tell of them, from the cradle to the grave. The Reviewer states that the " proper Laplanders are but i a handful of people, not exceeding eight thousand nch viduals"—a paucity of numbers which, we confess, sur prises us, considering the vast extent of country over which they range, and the abundant supply of fish and game which their lakes and woods afford. " Niebuhr's Life and Opinions" is an entertaining article, contain. ing a biographical sketch of this celebrated German author, whose " History of Rome" has already taken its placa amongst the foremost works of its class. Nie buhr seems to have been a man of infinite simplicity of mind and manners, an indefatigable student, and en dowed with a dogged spirit of perseverance not often found in the literary character. It is greatly to his credit that he was a self-taught scholar, and utterly deOld of that conceit and pedantry so common among those :I'hose minds have not been regularly disci plined in y.uth. "At the age of sixteen," observes the Reviewer, "11.9 was already fam i li ar w i t h many o f the twenty languagee which he eventually mas t ere d. Hi s classical studies supplied materials for the day-dreams which formed his chief occupation and enjoyment. His vivid imagination brought ancient times as realities be fore him, and surrounded with historical accompani ments his boyish ideal of virtue and greatness." About the period of the battle of Jena, Niebuhr was at Berlin ;in the civil service of the King of Prussia, and alluding to its well-known showy army, he remarked exultingly, " There is no other army in the world where the indi vidteal soldier is so much of a gentleman as ours." This was t: my observed, and it was this very finical qua lity that .led to its ruin. The military gentlemen of Prussia, whose chief boast was their dashing exterior, which carried all before it on review-days, were no match for the rough, hardy soldit rs of Napoleon, who scattered them with as much ease as if they had been a mob of mere school-boys. Niebuhr died in the yearl 831, having just lived long enough to witness the sceoud and final overthrow of the elder Bourbons, a catastrophe which filled him—for he was a stanch aristocrat—with dismay. " Pulpit Eloquence in America" discusses the literary merits of Dr. Chancing and Mr. Dewey, a popular transatlantic preacher, both of whom are spoken of in high terms of praise. Want of space and time prevent es from noticing the two or three remain ing articles, the best of which is on the subject of _Emigration. THE SPORTING REVIEW. Lord WilliamLennox bas a good sporting article, as usual, in this number, i n aa .,•! , ich he draws an amuse ing contrast between a day with the Queen's stag hounds and the tona-fooleries of Cockneys at Epping an Ester Monday. He forgets not on the occasion to pay due respect to her Maj,sty, who honoured the hunt with her presence, and points out , most conspi cuously, the sportsman-like qualities of her illustrious husband. Prince Albert, he says, " every inch a sportsman," was well up during the best run, equipped in scarlet, with undeniable boots, and et cetera: that would have excited the envy of poor Brummel, in his .best days. In till, Number there is a plan of New market Heath, which is a new feature in the publication, and is to be foLowed up by maps of all the principal race courses in the kingdom. Might we suggest, as au additional improvement, a scale with each plain A map without a scale is an anomaly hitherto unknown. The Number is also ornamented with a good portrait et the famed editor " Craven." It is well executed, as most of the plates in this fashionable publication are. MrIC V LLO CH'S GEOGRAPHICAL, 4.c., DIC- TIONARY, Pm IV. Longman, London, 1840. There is a useliAl map prefixed to this part of Mac ealloch's Dictionary—yhich, by-the-bye, is the most sensible work he has yet Attempted—exhibiting the na vigable rivers, the completed and proposed canals and railroads, tog - ether with the coal-fields, light-houses, &c., of Great Britain and Ireland. BRITISH . MAGAZINE. Ritington, London, li4o. This Number, which is chiefly taken up with religi ous and clerical subjects, contains a biographical account of Photius, one of the early patriarchs of Constanti nople ; and a curious article, entitled " Antichrist in the Thirteenth Century." It gives, in addition, a re gister of the religious and ecclesiastical information of the month. POOR JACK, No. 6. Longman, London, 1840. Captain Marryat's naval tale of • Poor Jack" con tinues to rise in interest, though (so far as it has yet proceeded) we cannot take upon ourselves to say that i t is by any means equal to his " Peter Simple." The illustrations by Stanfield, three of which are appended to each number, display considerable skill of execution. ANATOMY OF SUICIDE, Renshaw, London. I S4O. The object of this work, observes the autho r in hi 3 Preface, is to " establish the fact that the disposition to commit self-destruction is, to a great extent, amen able to those principles which regulate our tre4t. meat of ordinary disease ; and that, to a de gree more than is generally supposed, it originates in der a nge me nt of the brain and abdominal vis cera." This hypothesis, which is by no means a novel one', is illustrated by a variety of apposite anec dotes, which will serve to amuse those readers who may be to o i n d o l ent , or too indiff e rent to the suliject, to wade through the more substantial and argumeni!ve portions of the work. Mr. Wenslow, in enumerating the authors who have discussed the question of Suicide, makes particular mention of Hume, of whom he ob serves, "it h as b een sa i d that he was scarcely guilty of a good or benevoleni - t, ac ion. His treat ment of Rousseau was unfeeling in the extreme." On the contrary, Humes treatment of this crazy French philosopher, when he fled from his own country to Eng land, was unif orm ly cons id erate and friendly ; d was repaid —as was i n d ee d to h ave been expected an ingratitude by fla grant on the part of Rousseau, who had not a spark of healthy, generous feelinz in his nature, but was throughout life the victim of that morbid species of sensibility, which, for want of a better term, we may call sentimental cant. Altogether, we have been pleased with Mr. Wenslow's volume ; though it is much too rambling and desultory in . its charact e r, an d stands greatly in need of compression. WESTMINSTER REVIEW. No L X t' I. Hooper. London. 1840. Who is not fatnliar with the name, and still more, with the works, of George Cruikshank—the moat spirited, fantastic, yet with a meaning even in his wild est fantasies—and the most humoutous of caricaturists, who surpasses Hogarth in versatility, and almost equals him in skill and lucidness of design, and the singular power with which he contrives to render his humour subservient to a moral purpose ? Those who regard this artist merely as a caricaturist, regard only one phase of his genius ; he is a sturdy moralist of true British growth, who, even while he amuses, enforces a useful lesson, as in his well-known sketches entitled " Misera ble Sinners," and " A Gin-shop on Sunday Morning." The Number before us of the London and Westminster Review, enters at considerable; length into Cruikshank's peculiarities as a humourist, and gives several of his best caricatures. The article is elaborately written ; but it is not sufficiently discriminating, and makes little or no allusion to the powers of fancy which George pos sesses, and which are among the most remarkable of his qualities. Those who have seen his Illustrations of tales of Diablerie, such as Peter Schlernil ; and the apparition which was observed by the crew of a vessel coasting off the Bay of Naples, plunging headlong into the crater of Vesuvius, will at once admit that Cruik shank blends fancy in nearly an equal degree with humour. We know of but one series of sketches that are unworthy of his genius. and those are the illustra tions to one or two of the volumes of Roscoe's Novelists —" Tom Jones," especially—in which he has unac countably managed to miss the ideas sought to be con veyed in Fielding's text. We cordially coincide in the spirit of the following remarks : What amazing energetic fecundity do we find in him I As a boy he began to fight for bread, has been hungry (twice a day we trust) ever since, and has been obliged to sell his wit for his bread week by week. And his wit, sterling gold as it is, will find no such purchasers as the fashionable painter's thin pinchbeck, who can live com fortably for six weeks, when paid for and painting a por trait, and fancies his mind prodigiously occupied all the while. There was an artist in Paris, an artist hair-dresser, who used to be fatigued and take restoratives after invent ing a new coiffure. By no such gentle operation of head dressing has Cruikshank lived: time was (we are told so in print) when for a picture with thirty heads in it he wa , paid three guineas—a poor week's pittance truly. and a dire week's labour. We make no doubt that the same labour would at present bring him twenty times the sum ; but whether it be it -paid or well, what labour has Mr. Cruikshank's been ! Week by week, for thirty years, to produce something new ; some smiling offspring of painful labour, quite ind..pendent and distinct from its ten thou sand jovial brethren ; in what hours of sorrow and ill health to be told by th• world, " Make us laugh or yoi. starve—give us fresh tun ; we have eats-a up the old and are hungry." And all this has he been obliged to do—t wring laughter day by nay, sometimrs, pernap;, out o want, oft, n certain') from ill-health and drpr ssian— to keep the fire of his brain p rp-tu,lly alight, fur the green ) public will give it no leisure to co I. This he has dot:, and done will. H • has told a thousand truths in as man. strange and fascinating ways; he has given a thousan:, new and pleasant thoughts to millions f people ; he ha, never used his wit dishonestly ; he has never, in all th exuberance of his frolicsome humour, caused a bingl, pain tul or guilty blush ; how little do we think of the extraor dinary power of this man, and how ungrateful we are to him 1" `• Dutch and German Schools " is a sensibly reasonen essay, in which se meet with many judicious obs'•rva tions On the subject of education. " In Holland," says the Reviewer, " no person can s t up a school, or even receive private pupils, without receiving, first, a certifi cate of competency granted by a Board of Eviniiners ; and, secondly, permission of the School Committee of the town or district. Nor is the consent of such Committee to be obtained for asking, as a mere matter of form ; the object being to prevent undue competition, and thereby to keep men of talent in the profession." It a ould be a great advantage to the community were this system to be acted upon in Eng land, for then we should not have so many quacks and adventurers starting as schoolmasters, as is now the case. London and its suburbs—and we suppose every provincial town also—abound in " Academies for young Gentlemen," but to how few of these can a con scientious parent send his child ! Their cheapness is their great—indeed, in the majority of cases, almost their only—recommendation. We do not hold with the Reviewer in his opinions of the classics. We be lieve that the time bestowed on giving a youth, what is called, a sound classical education, is never misspent, as it imbues him with correct tastes ; teaches him to struggle boldly against difficulties—for without practising per severance, there can be no acquiring a sound knowledge of the Greek and Latin tongues—and purifies, elevates, and disciplines his understanding. " Lyra Urbanica " is a review of the poems of the late Captain Morris— one of the most celebrated of the Carlton House wits and bon tivants. The gallant author's bacchanalian and amorous ditties had a great run in their day ; but that day is past, and they have been long since con signed to oblivion. They have few merits, besides those of jovial good-humour and smooth versification. " The Slave Trade" is a painful article to read, tor the Re viewer shows, by a variety of incontrovertible docu ments, that ti.is atrocious traffic, notwithstanding all the efforts that England has made, and is still making, to suppress it, has of late years been greatly on the in crease. The notice of "Sir Samuel Romilly" does no more than justice to the character of this great and good man, who was a Reformer, without being a party man, and boldly advocated every public measure that had common-sense and justice to recommend it. In the article on the " Boundary Question," which is shrewdly and dispassionately argued, the Reviewer justly re marks—" What the present Government chiefly wants in order to give it stability, is a more favourable opinion of its decision, activity, and practical skill. In the pre sent position of the Tory party, we feel confident that a I irge proportion of the more moderate of it, crowd rally round a Liberal Government, that, not frightening them by any attempts at organic change, won d show itself capable of pr,,ctical retorms, and of a wise ad minis'rative policy. Nothing would so conciliate such a cla.s of persons as the frettivmeut of thr 13 , ,unoary Question " THE CHRISTIAN REF ORMER. .Sherwood and Co. There are various articles in tiie present number of this periodical which will well repay perusal. The most generally interesting at the present moment is a statistical account of the lately-disturbed dicricts in Wales, by Mr. Kenrick, of Varteg iron-works. The author has collected a considerable quantity of taluable information relative to the population of this part of the country, and undertakes to prove that tie working classes there, so far from being what the Tory newspapers bave described them, a set of igno rant semi-bai harians prone to violence, are upon the whole superior in point of morality, religion, and intel ligence, to the general run of working men throughout the kingdom. Some of the details which he gives are highly curious. Many persons, we doubt not, will be surprised to learn that in the parish of Trevetbin, a dis trict which has been tabooed for its insurrection-causing ignorance of the English language, the proportion of the whole population of 17,196 persons, incapable of speak ing English, is just one half per cent ! LONDON AND EDINBURGH PHILO• SOPHICAL MAGAZINE. R. and E. J. Taylor, Red Lion-court. This Magazine contains, as usual, a number of ably-written papers on suhjects either purely scient fic or closely connected with science. Among the contri butors to its present pages, we find some of the most eminent philosophers of the day in their different de partments. Our present limits do not allow ua to par ticularise the articles—it is enough to mention the names of Dumas, Lubbock, Forbes, Poggendcrff, Draper, and Miller. ILLUMINATED ATLAS OF SCRIPTURE GEO GRAPIIY, C. Knight, London, 1340. A series o: Maps delin.ating the physical and histori cal features in the 6 7ography of Palestine and the ad jacent countries, is a won that has long be e n w an t e d, : end the present appears likely to supply the deficiency. The maps, so far as we can form a j%lgment, are care fully executed, certainly with much elegance ; and e ac h is accompanied by a brief explanatory notice from the pen of Mr. Hughes. The volume is a quarto of very convenient size. THE EMPRESS ANNE OF RUSSIA.—The Empress Anne sometimes mingled in her practices so much of oddity, that it was impossible not to be entertained. Once she decreed that a certain P-ince G— should become a hen. to punish him tor some trifling misdemeanor ; and for this pur • pose she ordered a large basket, stuffed with straw, and hol lowed into a nest, with a quantity of eggs inside, to be nlaced conspicuously in one of the principal rooms at court. The and render was co n demned, on pain of death , to sit upon this nest, render himself to the last degree ridiculous by imitating the cackling of a hi n.—Memoirs of the Princess Daschkaw. The Shrewsbury Chronicle, adipitno to the late Ludlow election, says that A bribery and intimidation were un blushingly practis ' ed re fused on the morning of the k th e eti ,h a e ne m cd o o s t t e o s, f the hi3 f v o , l ,t h e , widn m i f.'i i g t u p that t , N n l d r e . poll 50/. ; but at two o'clock. tind id field was a-head, he wrote to his Corn ring his vote at the morning's price. That yond doubt.nue Thewhose () o wing there h as t,,,,n vile • fact has been communicated t i o o tr•dation at the last election, i s be. A young tradesman was at i irt et to us by !less cannot be duubted : going ?„ .s o T l he in the street thus— • Alr• —, where ar you h ' i F , o h r :fe n d: r , d t r• - plied the interrogator. " if you vote my vote." "Then," for the Liberals I will rli,i.,-,iiyitumottsoa-nmswoerrro,,w,,a.o:T" at all." Is the Ballot I man, our informant adds. wanted or not ? Let Lord John Russ o el e l rea us nf nu thirty or forty ssr. RUSSIAN MAGNIFICENC E % answer. . . with old-tashioinieli(rosUrtlines,, arriving, we were usherea into the antechamber, wh ere head over heels b v o a o n t t s i , i ,k n e r . ich T l i i i v e e n ri t e h s e d G ise e n n c e u ra u LbEf flannel was seen at the end of a gorgeous suite of paint: ' and 'ware,' rooms, reflected in mirrors at every aide, and from the glasses on the ceilings, shuffling towards us ' in a bl a z e of orders, bowing a t ever y step, and advancing to receive us at the firs' door of en tr y from the antechamber. ue , having kissed our hands, and w e his forehead. conducted us through brilliant rooms, strange to sa y , without carpets, till we reachedg the dejeune—a tab' , laid out with liqueurs, cavair, horseradish. cheese, and pickled herrings—round which the company stand and eat a morsel now and then, till they sit down to cards, a t which they usually remain tilt between two and three o'clock._ 211cmairs of the Princoo ,Pilschka" THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, JUNE 4, 1840.7 SPORTING INTELLIGEINCE EPSOM RACES--Ws nxEsp, T. However inietestina ' it nit tot to the ~ctars in it. the act ne on the Derby dos, V\ hether on the resit or en the Downs, has long been a stale one to the journalist ; occasionally lies thrown out a new feature, such as a snow-storm er a tileerna bury case, but as contretemps ut this descriptioi are, foroinately of rare occurrence, it requires no slight ingenuity to " knock up" an appropriate readable introduction to the grand event from which the meeting derives its importance. Happily for us the Derby of 1840. lacking, per se, much of its usual conse quence, has been made a race to be dated from—an e l eath in the annals of Epsom, and one, too, which has not the alloy of any " untoward event." It will not be difficult to guess that we are alluding to the first visit ever paid to Epsom races by the Sove reign, viz., that of her Majesty and her illustrious Consort, the preparations for which have already been detailed. It was in more senses than one doubly acceptable to the public, inasmuch as certain industrious rumourists had given Newmarket and St. Alban's each a " good turn," and the credulous a disappoint ment, by announcing an intended visit from Prince Albert, no such intention we believe ever having been expressed. The presence of his Royal Highness would of itself have been an enticement ; but in company with our gracious Queen, held ' out inducements too powerful to be resisted. Previous to the publication of her Majesty's purpose, although there was every indication of a brilliant meeting, the call for horses fell short of the maximum of former years, vast numbers having determined on " railing" it ; no sooner, however, was it made known how powerfully the ordinary attractions of the day would be en hanced than the demand increased, and in a few days every dis posable hack or poster was secured at exorbitant prices. In short, it was a g'orious hit for postmasters as well as " publi cans and sinners," and it gave an agreeable fillip to the receipts at the " Sou-Western." We take it for granted that, to com memorate the event, and evince their appreciation of it, the several parties so largely benefited will make up a handsome purse to be run for in 1841. The preparations for this day of days, encouraged by most auspicious weather, commenced early, and many hours befoi e the time at which the Royal party was expected to reach the course the greatest bustle and animation was observable un the road. It was not wanting in those incidents which must always arise from so many styles of riding and driving, and such an endless variety of cattle and carriage. At the same time, there was no lack of that good-humour which John Bull is ac customed to display on occasions of this kind. The taverns and beer-shops on the different lines "hedged" to a long period of dullness, past and anticipated, by the immensity of the traffic, the desire for " nourishment," having shown itself in a mode not patronized by Lord Stanhope or Father Mathew ; the in crease in the consumption of various liquids must have gone a long way towards making up the Irish deficiency in the Excise department. Clapham and Kennington-commons were, as of old, the trysting places for the curious, and various and " pleasant" were the remarks which road-side critics passed on the persons, dresses, and equipages of those who formed a portion of .he motley cavalcade from the Elephant. All was taken in good part in the morning ; for then the pleasure was expectant, and a large stock of good feeling was" bottled up;" by the evening, however, it had evaporated, and those who were inclined to be witty, found it pruitent to be so sotto race. To ret urn from our d gresaion. It was understeoe that her Majesty would arrive a boutelie o'clock, in order that the Prince might has e tone to ride round the course, take a peel, at he ring, the s..ddiing, the preliaiinary gallops, aodother teat urea not discernable fium ihe stand. 13v this hour, therefore, nine-tenths of the company had discovered that in waiting tor the Roya, carriage at the road leading from Kingston, through Ewell, they had been put on the wrengscent ; they then reached the course and not without great difficulty. settled in their places. To give an due quate idea of the appearance of the Downs at this time, is beyond our powers of description; we can only state, in matter-of-fact language, that the ma-a of carriages, omni busses, coaches, carts, equestrian and foot pese,le, surpassed everything of the sort on record, and it is miraculous how anything like o.der was maintained. The course was lined on both sides for considerably mire than half a mile, anti the fall almost obliterated by the countless mass congregated on it. The betting ring was a, large and as noisy as ever ; hut there was less of danger and incouvessienee, toe enclosed -pace having answered the intended purpose. To the Gtaed si aeu , now justly termed so, every privilege ticket was ..ispo.ed of. and the rooms to which they secured admission lull) oc cupied by fashionable company at an early hour. Every other part of it was thronged, and great numbers unabie to find room, were compelled to take their statiun on the inclosed lawn in front. Some c.infusion arose from the narrow door-way at which the carriage company we +e re ceived, at the back entrance, which we doubt not will be obviated on a future occasion by enlarging it, widening the flight of steps leading to it, and providing greater facilities for taking money and receiving checks. Precisely at tw o o'clock the shouts of the spectators' assembled at the Epsom end of the course announced the appearance of the Royal cortege, which, instead of taking the thronged and inconvenient route through Ewell, had passed through Stoke D'Abernon, Leatherhead, and Ashstead, turning from the latter village into the Hon. Colonel Howard's Park, and thence into Woodcote Park (Baron de Tessier's), from which it entered the course near the Derby starting-post. There were four carriages and four, four or five gentlemen of the suite on horseback, and eight or ten grooms in scarlet liveries. In the first carriage with her Majesty were his Royal Highness Prince Albert and Prince Leiningen ; in the other three were the Earl of Albemarle, Master of the Horse ; Earl of Errol, Lord Steward ' • Lord Headfort, L or d i n W a i t i ng ; C o l . Buck ley, Eque rr y • ' Sir W. Lumley, G room i n W a i t i ng; t h e H on . C. Murray, Master of the Household ; and Lad r Portman, and the Hon. Misses Cocks and Cavendish. rhe Prince was attended by Sir E. Bowater, his Equerry, Air. F. Sey mour, Groom in Waiting, and Mr. G. Anson. Proceeding up the course to the stand, the cavalcade turned out of it immediately above the railway, at the Tattenham Corner end, and set down under a canopy thrown over the staircase leading to the Royal apartments. It is superfious to add that the reception given to our gracious Sovereign was such as did honour to the loyalty and attachment of her subjects ; and, coupled with the spontaneous expression of respect shown to the excellent Prince, her consort, could not have proved other wise than gratifying. When the enthusiasm had subsided Baron de Tessier and Sir Gilbert Heatheote, the Stewards, were pre sented to her Majesty and the Prince, and most graciously received. His Royal Highness then mounted his horse, and, attended by several noblemen and gentlemen, and three or four grooms, rode to the wood where the horses were saddled, and made himself acquainted with some of the local and temporary features of the scene, with which he appeared much amused. After a short time his Royal Highness returned to the Stand, and joining the Queen on the balcony, awaited the contest for a prize which , has no equal of its kind in this or any other country. The Royal visitors remained till after the second race, when they took their departwe for Claremont amidst the acclamations of the assembled thousands The c, owded sate of the course put it quite out of our power , to obtain any satisfactory list of the fa,hionables present; the names were not taken down at the Stand, and personal obser ration only enables us to subjoin the following The Duke and Duchess of Cleveland, Duke and Duchess of Beaufort, Duke and Duchess of Montrose. Duke of Rutland, Margit': of Ex.. ter, )lartOlis of Westminster, Marquis of Titchfield, Marquis of Normanby, Marquis of Grants, Earl \l' thou, E rl and Conn* ess of Verulam, and Lady Mary Grim sten, Earl anti Countess of Uxbridge, and the Ladies Paget, Earl mei Ceuntess of Lichfield, Earl and Countess of Chesterfield, Earl of Jersey, Earl of Orford, Earl of Strad broke. Ea, I of Southern's , on, Earl of March, Lord Cantilupe, Lord G. Bentiuck. Lord H Bentinek, Lord and Lady Seymour, Lord Alford, Lord Gemstone, Lord Macdonald. Lord J. Fitz • roy, Lord R. tiro,venor, Lord Somerton, Lord Kelburne, Lord Alaidstone. Honourables.—General Grosvenor, General Upton, G. An son, G Hyng, W. How, H. Hous, G. Fitzroy, Woodhouse, J. Macdonald. S. Herbert. Sirs.—F. Johnstone, J. Shelley, G. Heathcote, S. Graham, H. Peyton, F. Goods iche, and ail the gentlemen whose names are usua.ly tound in our liqs of arrivals at Newmarket during the meeting. The start was appointed for a quarter before three, but it was not until twenty minutes past that the hopes and fears generated by a year's speculation were consummated. Di. rectly the result was known there was a general rush from the balconies of the Grand Stand to the refreshment-roams, and tearful havoc committed on the excellent fare provided by Messrs. Hare and Careless ; in every other part of the course the war was carried on with equal vigour, the rattling of plates and the popping of champagne, soda-water, atid stout having ceased only with the last race. 1 - :verything went off delightfully, notwithstanding the heat and dust ; some, it is true, had " passed the Rubicon,' but a give-and take feeling was predominant, and the police displayed an union of forbearance and firmness in the highest degree creditable. Of pickpockets there were an abundance, and upwards of twenty were in cnstody when ye left; but we heard of no other contingencies than are common to the day, such as broken heads, broken knees, and broken panels. We ought to have stated before that Air. :Mayne, the Police Com missioner, was in attendance upon the queen, with iorty men under his immediate control, and that upwards of two hundred others, under Superintendent May, and Inspectors Pearce, May, and Hughes, were successfully employed in the labo rious duty of keeping the course, &c. The weather was fine throughout. The following is a return of the sport:— The Derby Stakes of 110 soya each, hft for 3-year old colts, Sat -71 b, and fillies, Sst 21b. Last mile and a half. The owner of the second horse to receive 100 sous out of the Stakes, and the winner to pay 100 soya towards the expenses of additional police officers. (144 subs.) Mr. Robertson's b c Little Wonder, by Maley, out of Lacerta (Macdonald)... I Lord Westminster's Launcelot, brother to Touchstone (Scott) Mr. EtwaL's bc by Mulatto, out of Melody (J. Day, jun.) 0 Lord Albemarle's b c Assassin, by Taurus, tout of Sneaker (Eda ards) Duke of Clevelands's b. c. Theon, by Emilius, out of Maria (Lye) ... 0 Lord Kelburne's ch. c. Pathfinder, by Retainer, out of Emilia Mr. Houldsworth's b. c. Confederate, by Velocipede out of Miss Mahon Sir G. Heathcote's b. c. Sophocles, by Laurel, out of Bertha (Buckle) Lord Exeter's c. Scutari, by Sultan, out of Velvet (Darling) 0 Captain Gardnor's ch. c. Monnps, by Actwon, out of Wings ( Wakefield)... ..... ........... 0 ' S r G. Heathcote's b. c. Bokhara, by Samarcand out of (Chapple) 0 nobia Col. G. Wyndham's b. c . by N onsense. nu t o f Gift (C pleman) Lord Jersey's c. Muley Ishmael, by Ishmael, out of Filagree ( Robinson) 0 Lord Exeter's c. A merath, Sultan, out of 31arinella ( Nat) 0 (O : 2 : :vn taken nnel :‘)) ) — OO Duke of Cleveland's ch. c. by Emilius, out of Farce (J. Day) 0 Mr. Forth's c. by Mules, out of Solace Lord Orlord's ch. c by tlearwell, out of Angelic.i t —9 to 4 sgst Launcelot (5 o 4to I agst Assassin (taken)-4 to I agst Melody (taken)--6 !o I apt Thom-- 20 to one ag.t ( P athfinder—:o to I agst -cu ' cult ft taken)—'lititi•AHeitirb(e:(otttta‘ueivkt4egidr,..i.3,, at quitter ratS.;tti I r r tr moiti Starting Solace colt (rake„ )-5U t l t t :t , ';:it , l r i and ot are colt (taken) -2 0 •o I agst Bokhara-30 to I agst Con agar tigeica c. aA- " st " ,I r u , i t e n Y e 1 ' fa ' start three„ nti two or three minor failures, the lot went away :it aini,elx;lllehtno,stl(p,raal.ceesrt, Assassin tle thv lielndy colt took t geltc. colt , tt,ltwrd by the ,t and Bukhara, r. he ers well tatd third, A ngelica. and u et way hei i t i c AS e t Launcelot lying l u s t k• rc nd, Confederate. aid Little Wonder being the I: ; ;t 2.a . sndb l et i ,a i ,to : kn ie h t i i i,ff g s round the turn Little Wonder P h l , B r e e e : at in La t u a n e c t ,:lo t t h 's e q t uj e t e ers le ; ,ld th ii e i l g )a A h ‘ t e l o g ( r i e se h A s c : w aac : , ; ( tl : l ail that were ~l eh i g t h i ni ,t t h ec hr a a n c e e e , o n l eith i f n •r ni A ng ss . as)d h, no i‘ r i, C l ::; 3 t . e c d i e l r i at m e .o h u a ia v i 7 .:,! . , t it h e e , lead to the distance, and there it was all up with him. L a i rds ! Wonder then challenged the crack, headed him in a few • atui was half a length before him ere he reached thy a length, ; went. by ( post. uh 0 a p a c , l s e , v d e r Assassinw As sassin fifth, and Amurath sixt F h ine ; r o a f the others it t~ only n"c'eV' bt sary to say that the tailin } began before they reached the turn, and that Therm (who at one part of the daddadwas 20 to 1 ), the Gilt colt, and Sophocles were the 1 ;w three. Value of the stakes, after making the usual deductions, q 7761. Immediately after the race Mr E. Anson entered the weigh , rag-place, sad delivered to Macdonald an elegant ridie„; ' as a testimonial from Prince Albert of his admiration of his jockeyship. The Aiihstead Stakes of 5 sons. each, with 40 added ; 3 yrs old. 7st. 19 b. ; 4 yrs Bst. 111 b. ; 5 ‘rs 9-t. 21. : 6 yr , and 9-t. 41b ; Mares and Gcldings - allowed :31h. The w in. her , o be sold fur 120 sons. I mile. 8 subs. Mr. Faulco .er's b. m. March Fir t, 5 yr , ...( Butl.r) I, \lr. Booth's ch. g. Halinenia.ti, 5 yrs The. tollow ii,g also started, but weir, not placed : 1 i NV!ckliam's h. t. Alan}, Wind, 3 yrs—Alr. Flititoff's eb. c. intruder, ~ vrs—Mr. Brick's ch. In. Lacuna, ag , d—Mr Clit. ton's b. m. Teuebrosa, 4 yrs, and Mr. Bacon's b. in. Maid of Kent, 5 yrs. No betting. Elahnerraii made all the running, followed by Tenebrosa and Latona, to the distance, where March the First ran by them all, kept the lead to the end, and won by a length : the winner was claimed. The NValton Stakes of 5 sons. each, with 40 added ; 3 yrs old, ist. 101 b ; 4 yrs, Bst. 111 b .; 5 yrs. Oat. 21b. ; 6 yrs arid aged, 9st. 41b. Mares and Geldings allowed 31bs. The winner of the Ashtead Stakes to have carried 51b extra. The winner to be sold for 1001. Last half-mile. 4 subs. Captain Gardnor's b. f. by the Colonel, Mary Anne, 5 yrs. (Mann) Mr. Firth's b. m. Wilderness, 3 yrs. .... Mr. Balchiu'a h. 1. Clematis, by Camel (h. b.) 3 yrs. Mr. Faulconer's br. f. Sister to Professor, 5 yrs . Clematis was first off, but shortly resigned the lead to The Colonel filly, which remained in front to the chair, and won cleverly. The Burg Stakes of 5 sons. each, with 40 added ; 2 yr olds, Bst 21b; 4 yrs, bat 111 b ; 5 yrs, 9st ; 6 yrs and aged, 9st 21b ; mares and geldings allowed 31bs. The winner to be sold for 801 b. Last Half-mile. (9 subs.) Captain Gardnor's gr f Pulcherrirna, by Rowton—Coma, 4 yrs. Mr. Seffert's b c May First. 4 yrs.. 2 Mr. Hodson's b ra Kate Kearney, by Reveller, 5 yrs. 3 The following also started, but were not placed:—Mr. Ast ley's ch. m. by Langar, out of Candia's dam, 4 yrs—Mr. Goodwin's ch. g. Huckster, 6 yrs—M r . Faulconer's gr. m Sister to Professor, 5 yrs—Capt. Lamb's ch. f. by Zinganee, out of Mettledown, 3 yrs—and Mr. Finch's ch. g. Forester, 4 yrs. . . Puleherriraa made most of the running and won cleverly. We did not hear any betting on the last three races. THE OAKS. The only bets we heard were 5 to 2 on Lord George Ben tinck's Crucifix, arid 8 to 1 agst Col. Anson's Black Bess. GOING A•HEAD The project for cutting torou,i, the Isthmus of p„. nama, is, ;t seems, at length about to be realiz..(l. Trahs ports have been freighted by a number of French en ),l-leers for the conveyance of tools mid materiels of all sorts necessary for the undertiiking ; arid form. 4 I I.‘ll of ( h e c a na l will be tannin .nced yn their reaching the Isthmus. While labours like these, corn tinted with the application of scien-e to the prin, (aides of locomotion, are rapidly tire down the i),ysical barriers by %%loch the races of the a were 11 , r SO many ages kept. apart, arid making the re• sources of all available for fault, the universal dif fusion of knowledge, under identical farms, is help n, on the good work—desroying all the fencc,s (ant restrictiecs which form,rly made society 8.) pie;ure4quo — a nd meoininodious. Fruit countries of which, bail a century ago, our knovilialge was so vague 00(1 (low ) , as to belong to the donnaiii of fable, men are send oig lotth their sons for an European edae•ltion, misgivings no greater than a couhtry gentleman of the ..St century f. It, on dismissing his he:r to Cambi - alge or Oxford. From the land which Bruce reached with so union roil and (tenger, and atterwa. ds described to i(ti audience so utibilievinir, we ammunced, a welt or two :Igo, arrival of certain you: hs. tor insinietion if( Rame aim Paris ; and more reeeatly, we obsera e that the. rut kialt Government 11,8 sent fi oat the couti„ry at the Prophet a numb,tr of young NI uultnans to con,- plete their education in the Liter city—one of the tr g h places of the Infidel. Tire work', is likely. dud by, to intercommunicate by colannon signs—to have something like universal in , ilia by which its set arid parts may get at each of her' meaning. After all, we are not, on this account, oecply grieved for the dealers in romance ; because the world, under any of its modifications, will always present them with materials enough for their labours— and the changes which are robbing it of many quaint aspects, are replacing them by features tar more magnificent, and materials of bouad less scope for active imaginations. But what is to be come of that excellent class of persons, whose sympa thies move in small circles, and whose humanities are bounded by a meridian ?—who believe the attitude of universal distrust to be the wise one, and of universal defiance the safe one? Surely these ancient gentlemen will be glad to shrink into their graves, from the cos mopolitan spirit that is abroad, scattering all those wholesome prejudices and patriotic distinctions which they nursed with such tenderness. and watered with so much blood, in the good old days of the war-time Athenceum. HARVEST PROSPECTS. The extremely favourable rgportg which we continue to receive frotn all parts of the country (some of which ue subjoin) induce the anticipation of an abundant har vest. Th 4 present season is one of the best we have ever experienced. The temperature has increased, and vegetation is progressing very rapidly, the gen'al rains having acted most beneficially. The hup bines again grow vigorously, the cold nights of the last fortnight havtnic checkett them. On Thursday morning a sharp frost did p ar ti a l mischief in th e gar d ens , b u t the extent is very limited. The appearance of the wheat is improving, though "the ill weeds grow apace," indeed, in some places the plants seem literally choked with weeds ; the grass grows luxu riantly ; in fact the whole of the crops give promise of a most abundant gathering.—Herevord Times. For the past fortnight the went her, though occasion ally cold and chilly, has been of tne most rich and flti iziog character. Rain and sunshine have been so equally dispensed, that it were aimo•t impossible even for poets to have imagined mare delightful weather for the country, which, around in every di ection, Fres .nts most luxuriant appearance. Vegetati,n was never knort!. to have advanced so rApidly, and tip pru•pects cif th hay crops of summer and m-ire impwiatit Karel v. of autumn are such, its c.am,t tail to fill la , tru.t aif ire av,ricultunklist's hearts with joy and gladtiess•—Cheltei, ham Looker•on. The seasonable rain which has fallen during the pmst fortnight has caused a prqdigi. us growth, p irtieularlv where vege.ition had been pre% iously cheeked. Tri c e barley which presented a very ,tregular, appearance, is row commg up remarkably well ; the wheat crops are looking very fine ; and the meadow a n d pustule lands are ap proaching to luxuriance. Greet' vegetable crops of kinds have made very rapid growth. The potato , . crop prom ses to be very , ariy. Fruit re, s, wit h the exception ~t wa:l•truit io parttoular s tua!ioi:s. pronaiSr• an abun dant 'crop, the blossom having bee, fortunately r,— tarded until there was little chance of any ii,joiy arising from frost„ Cherries are abundantly r,ott thiely set and rapid y approaching maturity ; pears are numerous, and protni,e well, and apples, from all that we have been able to learn, promise an abundant bearing. Upon !hi, whole thene is now every prospect of an abundant harvest.— 11. 1 elchman. The long continuance of favourable weather has pro duced the most beneficial effects upon the growing crops ; hnd the accounts from ail parts of the country anticipate a very early and a most abundant harvest. The weather, during the present month—alternate showers and sunshine—has been peculiarly calculated to promote vegetation, and new potatoes arc already begin• ning to make their appearance in our markets. In fact, the prospects for the ensuing harvest are more auspi cious than they have been for many years at this period of the season.—Dublin Evening Post. COUNT ALEXIS ORLOFF.--011 being presented to him, 1 cannot but confess that I shrank involuntarily from giving my hand to be kissed by the too eelebrated Count Ale x is Orloff, whilst, as I had be en well tutoredr,iin t was necessary for 0 f t Iu s tn ia e n t m o t o o d u e c , h w h h i i s ch fo ‘ r v e a h s e i a n d di w sp it e h ns n a l b y l l e ip s , amongst acc the o dgto Muscovites. He was a magnificent looking m an , an d wore a pleturet Fm press Catherine, which was co vere d w i t h a d i amond instead ' of crystal or glass, and surround e d w ith sp l en did brilliants. His daughter's dress was made of English gingham, which con trasted eomically with the spl en d o ur of h e r a t ten d ants, and diamond cypher of the Empress Catherine, which she wore on her shoulder as demoiselle d'honneur. Count Alexis Orloff who was Grand-Admiral in the time of Catherine, is richer than any P r i nce i n ( 'h r i s t en d om , and revels in Asiatic luxury.' The hand w hi c h s t rang l e d P eter the Third is cov ere d w i t h its recompence of brilliants, amidst which the portrait ot Cathe rine smiles in et erna l gra tit u de. --Memoirs of the P r i ncess Daschkaw. .THE SAXON COINS, &C , We understand that a communication has been recAved from the Chancellor of the Duchy, on th e su bj ect o f t h e S a xon coins and other articles of silver found, the w ee k b e f ore last, on the Cuerda l e es t a t e , near thin town, and it is to the effect, that. Messrs. Pedders and Co., of the Old Bank, in whose charge they have been placed. are to take care to preserve them safely, until further official direc tions for their disposal shall be sent to them. 'A e. trust Mr. Asrheton will keep a sharp 10. k-out. after the treasure, in order that he may be enabled to stocure no small -hare of these pre cious relics of bygone days ; for the perfect state of p eservation in which the coins appear render them very valuable, and ..lso a matter for great astonishment, seeing that many of them (the .o'. ~ , I ',) mu,l be now nearly 1,000 years old.-- Preston Pilot. DISAsITROUS AND FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE LANCASTER AND PRESTON R AILWA V• —Yesterday about t e n ~'elock in the nioriti lig. p trt 0 . the brick work of a leaster and Preston Junction Railway, [ tunnel, re. , ently erected to earl , " the high road over the Lan fire ydrds; near the White Horse Inn, in Alyer-eough, about six mil,: from this town. tell in. and, as may be well imagined, caused great consternation among the workmen, and the inliabimtits of the adjoining dwellings. The whole length et the tunnel is about thirty and about seven yards informed, to he brickwork not, being sufficiently set iind .., :; iive way, (Acing. as we are ei.iisolidat e d before the centres were remitted. At the tim e of the disastrous occtitrnee. four men were on that part of the arch which ill, and were io the act Aif puddling the brick wo• k. A k poor man, named Richard Hall, who lived II b h I. ne in the neigh bourhoodßt of the railway, was buried beneath the ruins, ari d When extricated was found to be shockingly mutilated and quite decd, Ile has left a wife and four young children to lament his hard fate, Another man. named Mark Cooper, was also I severely hurt, An excavator, named Luke ur-el, an Irish- nan,_was lik ew i se so touch crus h e d th a t his hie is despair e d of. The other person on the works at the time of the accident, a_yriung man, nam e d H enry Wilkinson, fell with the rest, but e scaped without any material injury . Mr. Bell, su-geon, of Garstio •- n. • • w 4 ., immediately 4. Ilt for, and was promptly on the spot. Air. NI. L a u n n :,s the c ontract. , fin this part of the ra,l - ; but a rrSill ot the name of stre.ider was superintending the brickwork, and is, we believe, the sub-eont.actor for it. This distressing occurrence will, we imagine, retard the open ing of the railway somewhat !erioaFiy.— Preston Chronicle. CHURCH EXTI NSION. (From the Scotsman ) IR ROBERT INGLIS'S MOTION FOR ROB. BING DISSENTERS—TRUE CHARACTER OF THE CHURCH EXTENSION PLANS. Sir Robert Inglis's motion for Church Extension has been postponed sine die, but not abandoned. We are glad to see that the English Dissenters are at length awakeeed to the danger which menaces them. By the last return (to 15th) the number of petitions pro and con stands thus :—For Extension, 2,061 petitions, 161,118 signatures ; against Extension, 894 petitions, 123,914 signatures. We could take a bet that the Jesuit of the Standard never mentions the number of signatures, but always that of petitions only ! We insert elsewhere a most important return just published, showing the grants of public money lavished upon the three Established Churches during the last thirty-nine years. Its amount, 5,678,0001., will surprise every one ; and as Sir Robert Inglis, though a High Churchman, is a person alive to feelings of decency, we would fain hope that the publication of this startling return has shamed him out of the additional robbery he meditated. The importance of the subject induces us to enter into some details to exhibit the hideous injus tice of these grants of money ; and, first, we shall en. deavour to ascertain the prop Itional numbers of Chure!tmen and Dissenters in the B, itish The population of Britain in 1831 was 16,589,000 ; of Ireland 7,767,000. The increase in ten years is a trifle under 15 per cent.; but, for the nine years elapsed since the census, let us call it 13 per cent , and it will now be— England. including- the army and navy l6 100,000 Scotland Ir. laud 8,776 000 27 516 000 This eXi , til , g population, in respect of religion, way lie ekssified as iollovvs Churchmen. Dissenters. I ENRIild the Churchmen to - Dm, nters as 5)o 4. In Sc 41..rgi, as s°o 3 1,584,000 1056,000 In Ir , land, the exact proportion in 1834 was 1 u, 9/ 852 000 7.924,000 11 386 000 16,1:30.000 In thy British Isles, then, the ll,, , enter, exceed :he adhpr, ni, of the Church its the proportion of 14 to 10, or 7 toy In England the Ersgenters are he:d by many to he equal in numbers to the : Churchmen, but we have put them tittsvit as constitutin g only 4-9ths of the population. We hare givrn our reasons more than once for estimat ing the Scottish as•entters at 2 .sths of the population ; and the returns relating to religious instruction in 1834, give us aullo.ntie and correct data for Ireland. Le , UR n xt endealPour to ascertain in what propor• ti , n asserifers and Churchmen contrNute to the oatina,t; re.terue, assuming that for 1839 us a basis tor vomput it ion. Taking the revefiuq for that year at 47,003,000 in mum' numbers, the produce of the four great branches t‘' S a!: 1011 s: . 75 per cent. ▪ . . 15 7 , , . 3 Ex-ise awl Cu-toms. STamps AA-es , 4t4i Taxes, a.ner,illy spe.kkinz. the Churchmen v in B-itain con. sist of ilo rich aod the very poor, in Ireland of the ri .h only. Tne Dissenters in Brita.n are composed of the middle class,s and the better circumstanced of the working classes, in I. e land of the middle classes and the poor. We may therefore assume, that under the heads of Excise , Customs, and Post-office, the Church men and Diss ent, rs pay in proportion to their numbers, that is, whe a the Churchmen pay 55., the Dissenters pay 7s. I r ., on a few artich 5, such as wine and tea, the rich pay more, on others, such as spirits, malt, and tobacco., they pay less. Of the stamps, and assessed taxes,w.e assume, for reasons to be afterwards mentioned, that the Churchmen, though only 5-12ths of the popu lation, pay 8-12ths of these taxes, and the Dissenters 4-12ths. Their respective contributions will therefore stand thus:— Of the Excise, Customs, and Post Office revenue, amounting to 36,500,000/ , the Churchmen pay 5- 12ths, or £15,250 000 The Dissenters pay 7-12ths, or £21,250,000 Of Stamps and Assessed Taxes, amounting to 10 500.000/ , the ChurAinerk pay 8-12ths, 0r..... 7,000,000 The Dissenters ply 4-12ths, or ... Total paid by Cb urcbtriPn....... .£22,25 - 0 000 3,500,000 Total paid by Dissenters ... If we divide the whole revenue into 100 on-, as mentioned in a previous paragraph, the propor ions paid by Churchmen and Dissenters will be as follow : CHURCHMEN PAY. Per Cent. U(43Pr the heads of Excise, Customs, and Post Office Under the heads of Stamps and A• ses,ed TAzes 14 ---:- 47 DISAHNTERS PAT. Under the h cads of Excise. Customs, and Post Office Under the h ea d s o f S tamps an d A ssesse d Taxes 7f 100 W e think these calculations are made on fair cipies, and we are not conscious of having indulged in any exaggeration, either as to the numbers or tl-e con trip,utions of the rrspective parties. Some will Gink we have erpsd in assuming that the Churchmen pay in dividually about three times as much as flit' Di,setrer., under the head of stamps and ass—sect taxes. But it must he kept in mind, that the 7,900.000 D,ssenter, in Ireland pay no assessed taxes at a.l, :ind only a small sum in s' amp duties. I: was to cos er this leficietiey io the number of pavers that so high a proportion w assumed. It may be said that a large mass of th• labouring classes crensuine neither to nor sugar. Tru,. but they consutn.e whisky or beer ; and to counter balance this, there are fifty thousand persons, English, Scotch, and Irish, of the upper classts, who spend their entire income on the Continent, and escape all our tuxes togeth. r. ' Toe preceding facts and c , .loulations establish, we think, several important conclu‘ions. • First, a great majority of the population of Britain a!d Ireland are Dissenters. Th. y are more numerous than the Uheirchmen ny nearly ore-wilt, or, more cor rectly, in the. proportion of 14 to 10. • Second, in consequence chi, fly of so large a part of our taxation falling on articles of consumption which are in universal use, more than one-half of the public revenue tomes from the pockets of Dissenters. Third, when grants of money are made to the Esta bliahed Church from the national treasury, the major part of such grants is paid by the Dissenters. When a grant of money is made to the Church, fourteen Dissenters and ten Churchmen are taxed to raise the money. And such a grant is mainly a tax on the middle classes, for the benefit of the wealthy. The Church, indeed, is called the Church of the poor, but it should be remembered that one-half of the poor, those who live in Ireland, reap no benefit from it, while they are taxed for its support In the eye of reason, tithes and church-lands must be regarded as a fund set. apart for the support of reli pion, and not for the propagation of particular opi nions. Assuming the expediency of endowments, and that every man has an equal right to select the creed be prefers, it is plain that, upon the most obvious prin ciples of justice, the fund should be divided among all the existing sects in proportion to their numbers. Were the question open, and a convention, fairly chosen. called at this day to adjudicate upon it, this would undoubtedly be the plan of appropriation adopted. All the great legal arrangements, however, respectine religion, were made in a remote and comparatively dark age, and when, owing to the struggle of adverse fac tions, alight usurped the place of right. The conse quence is, that the fund for the support of religion generally has been monopolized by the partisans of two sects, which happened to be the most numerous at the time, but now compose only a minority o f th e popula tion. This original act of injustice has been the p 'rent of a long series of others. The favoured sect in two parts of the United Kingdom claimed a monopoly of all civil offices : it imposed its rites upon persons n..t within its pale, in the articles of marriage and burial : by its Ecclesiastical Courts it thrust its hands into sundry civil affairs: it extorted money from those unconnected with it for the repair of its places of worship : and no it claims an unlimited right to tax the majority of the people of Britain for the propagation of doctrines which they reject. Such things might pass unheeded when the Dissenter. were a mere handful of the people ; but at thi4 (lay, when they constitute a clear and great majority, the pretensions of the Church, to say nothing of their pal pable injustice, are a proof of unparalleled effrontery. The accidents of the sixteeeth century gave the Established Churches their monopoly of a fund which now yields six millions, or more, per annum. One would think this piece of good fortune might content them. So far from it,the money they have got, coupled with the fact that their Members form a majority of the Legislature, is the very foundation of their demands. The argument, stripped of disguise, may be stated in this form : Why d o you tax those who reject your doctrines, to extend your Church ? First, because, by an act of in justice, three centuries ago, we obtained the whole of a fund, which should have been shared with others ; and, Pcoadly, because, having a majority in Parlia ment, we keep what we have got, and take more when we want it. This, we say, is the essence of the argu . ment. The Church demands money because it is cs . tablished by law ;" and, being established by law, j ust means that the ruling power favoured it, at the expense of justice, three centuries ago, and continues to favo ur it at the expense of justice still. The pretext that the English Church was selected (by the ruffian Henry VIII,) as being the depository of immutable truth, is too ridiculous to be mentioned. This is just the Pope's ietallibility in different words ; and every professing Protestant who maintains it, must be either idiot or 1.40. liji 4 :11.1 . 101. 4 , i :1,- C;,nr, ti it; ;! :,w.sk.tr2 tiN pt,l VolUitt S, and ',ink t tido • in,,ts t,t ;,1)1 Wort] but p ritAllt.Ui. E , er,) s..tlut.k.. , extorted b ) t :x' tion from ilo• itct•%..rs of those sects who rceeivi• not cling from it,c th, benufit ot the two favoured sews which ii . o.c.‘ity eeive six millions per annum, we hold to be dowori g i,t robbery. We observe that a Bill has been introduced for riking the decennial census next year. It includes a provisimi foi ascertaining the amount of assessable property " in England." As it is plain that the claims anti preten sions of the Church will occupy a large space in ev, ry session for years to come, we hope some Member will get a clause inserted giving the census such a fot m as will exhibit the religious professions of the whole people of Britain. In Ireland this has been already accom plished. It is now an element of first-rive importance in a multitude of public questions. The queries Might be very few, simply requiring parties to say whether they were "Churchmen, Protestant Dissenters, Catho lics," or of " other sects," The three first cla,ses would comprehend forty-nine persons of every fifty. THE ARCtiIMEDPS STEAMER. In reply to the inquiry of our Cork friend, relative to the precise nature of the screw. and its application on board the Archimedes, we are enabled, through a Uor respondent, to furnish the following details:— The propeller consists of one circumference of the Archimedian screw, placed in the dead wood of the after run of the vessel, below the water line, and immediately before the stern-post. The diameter of the screw is only five feet nine inches. This spirt propeller is set in mo tion by an ordinary steam-engine. acting through the dium of cog wheels, on a shaft rui.ning aft, along the hold of the vessel, a little above the kelson, and the rapidity of its revolutions drives the water with great force on each side of the rudder not only giving the vessel more speed than can he obtained by piddle wheels, but an extraordlnary facility in steering. With the exeep• tion of the funnel, the build, rig, and appearance of the Archimedes, which is a rakish looking three-masieil schooner of '237 tons, are entirely those of a fast pilling craft and co , id sea boat. In a see way, with a tr,,n wind on her b-am, the fastest steamer in aig!and would have little chance with her, and with any adequate horse power, her average rate with steam alone is iron 9 to 91 knots. On Saturday last the Archi►►►edes exhibited her powers on the canal at 13 , istol, to a !digt, ass•.ulblage, when the facility with which she worked, and the abs,-nce of uii hat swell, which is caused by paddle wheels, excited much surprise, and fully established the advantage of the screw propeller as a river tug•. WESF'S PICTURE OF THE AN NUNCIATION TO THE EDI 7 OR OF I'RE SUN. Sr. Marylebnne, June 3, 1840. Slll,—Tne Editor of the Art- Union (who seems to shake hands at his morning rising, and remain on ex cellent terms with himself during the entire day), has thought proper, in an article (.vtii'elt you copied into our Paper), he ailed "Singukr Auction in his last. number, to attack the Vestr) of St. Mdrylc bone relative to the '' Annunciation Transparency,"painted by West. for which he received !rum the old Select Vestry 8001.. anti which has just been sold by public aution for ten gui neas. H.• proceeds to reprobate the present Represen tative Vestry for selling the picture (although he admits it has lain 14 years useless iu a lumber room), and their incapability of appreciating this " work of art," aid lie proceeds pathetically to lament that " no public spirited individual was by (where was he ?) to rescue it from the clutches of these parish Vandals, in order to have it placed where it might be seen and valued." He also states, with his usual vet acity, that " within a few minutes after it was knocked down, the purchaser was offered, and ietused, tea times the amount he save for it." It is very evident that this sapient editor knew very little about the matter, or, what is worse, has not deemed it derogatory to his editorial dignity to highly colour his statement. First. The transparent picture by West was adver tised and exhibited, some few years since, at the Queen's Bazaar, for sale, withciut a single offer being made for it . Second. Thirty-one advertisements in the public prints, in April last, besides korn; thousand posting bills all over the town, announced tie time of sale, and the subject to be sold by auction. Third. Cards of particulars, and invitations were sent to the Church Commissioners, to the entirety of the Bishops, all the clergy of the parish (about thirty persons), and to the members of the old Select Vestry, who so remorselessly vated 8001. of the ratep.tyers' money for this " splendid production by WEst," but not one of these grave, just, and honourable personages thought proper , to attend to "rescue it from the clutches of these. parish Vandals." Fourth. Toe only bidder, to whom it was knocked down, ittatead of having had ten t.mes the amount of tered for it, l►-as had no'offer at all ; and from the test as to value to which it had been put, it bids fair to re main on his hands as long as it lay useless in the lum ber-room of the Court-house. In conclusion, if the editor of the Art-Union had seen the" transparent piaure," he perhaps would not have been so much surprised at its being sold for so small a sum—but I beg pardon, I was presuming h, cluid form a correct opinion of the merits of a picture —a suppo,nion which Ow pages of the twaddling Art- Union would by no means bear me out in forming. I am, Sir, your ohrilfrot sf , rv.int, WILLIAM KENSETT. TILE SWORD (iF NAPOLEON. ( From Le & onmerce.) For some time: the u cotton of the public has been aw.ikened to a eir,:owst.ince worthy of exciting all their sympathies. it is a question of the mos prec;ous legacy which could be h•queathed to France by the victim of St. Helena, of tne most ssriking and glori ous reminiscences of our modern history ; it is a ques tion of the sword of Austerlitz and Monttnirail—of the arms of Napoleon. Upon tills subject, a most important point—namely, th..t of poss. ssion—has recently arisen between the foully of the Emperor and one of the most faithful of hi s si.rvants. Since the death of the Duke de ittichotadt, to whom. by the last will of the Emperor, at St. Helena, this pious legacy teas bequeathed, a negotiation has been pending between the family of the Emperor and tlo. illustrious General Bertrand, on the destination of these arms. Since that moment the family of' the Emperor, naturally represented by the Empress mother, heiress of her grandson, claimed this noble part of the pro perty, which he left behind him. Since the year 18:33 the Count de Survillicrs has understood fully the moral greatness of the duty which she imposed on her family. The famiiy of Napoleon did not. seek this property for themselves. Tney felt that the sword of Napoleon was not the heritage of any man, but of a nation. They desired to consecrate it to France ; they wished that it should be deposited in his name in that national asylum opened to military virtue, above the tombs where sleep together Vauban and Bessieres, Turrenc and Montebello. For seven years these negotiations have been carried on between the Count de Survilliers and General Bertrand, who has possession of the sword. These negotiations were interrup ted by the .general's voyage to the colonies. On his return they were resumed, and it was then that the General printed a statement, which has been since re published by the greater portion of the public papers, and in which, for the first time, he declared himself the proprietor of these arms. The family . of - Napoleon were taken by surprise at this unexpected revelation. At the same time that, in common with all the world, they rendered due honLige to the honour and probity of G..nerial Ber►rand, tney considered tont they ought not to allow themselves to be disinherited of their duties towards their glorious chief. The fam.ly of the Emperor, in its just dignity, wished for i.othing more, and, in our opinion, ought to have wished for nothing more, than that the sword of Napoleon should not. be consecrated to France in army other name than that of the Emperor. Th,y would not consent that General Bertrand should make himself the arniter of the conditions on which, and of the time when, the sword st.oual be given up to France ; and in this they detended exclusively the rights and the inie. Tests of France, Since the year 1833 • the hati! of the Emperor have no: suspelaki t:4e r 4ff,rts to endow France with these ioest tnahl.- relic, of genius and glory. it they ear men tioned, th e Count de Jurvi kers caused a conwitation to be held by the principal advocates of Paris. who were of opinion that the arms of N p,,leon were the p;operty of the oat i on, i n cons • quenet• oh which the 4..mily from that moment resigned all their own rights in favour of. Alrer so long a time, APc regr , t to be obliged to say tbm. the interv, , wion oh the family on this subject with Gener a l Bertrand hIN hitherto been of no avail whatece.. STATE OF TRADE.—Thi're was no tirreerilde change in the market yesterday, as compared with that of the preceding week. The demand was, ge erally speaking lim ted, though some .olerably large sales of yarn were made by parties who sere willing to accep• a trifling reduction of price. Goods of all descriptions continue very flit, and the business onne rst,ntav was generally at dechn.hg price*. Still, with the exception of one or two descriptions of cloth stocks are by no means heavy ; and a little brisk buying would clear the market immediately.— Manchester Guardian. A arge s weig 260 pounds 1,31tS kid d few days since by the men in the employment of Edward A ki , son, Esq while draftin g f or sa l mon at the fhhery of this town.— Biding Advert( BRAINTREE CHURCH-RATE —We o r " an thorised to state that the proceedings in this case are about to be removed by writ of error into the Court of Exch. quer Chamber, where it m a y p ro b a bly b e a r g ued in Alichaelmas Wean nezt..,Znex Heroic/. EVENING E DIT lON L Ek. A ? 1-1 IS l' 0 OF THE WAR IN THE PENINSULA. We have alre ;dy given several notic.- tii•t en iv. , recur to it only the more impres.• $4l O l v •''' itni,ortanee of the subject and the great intee•t ry English reader must take in the Last •iel•ilis Id . 4 s t es of campaigns rarely equall e d an d ne ver surpassed. Almost ev ry page bears te s ti mon y t o the skill and comprehensive mind of the commander— the titishing bravery and indomitable persev, ranee of his troops-- the obstinate self.conceit of the Spanish Government -- and the no less culpable conceit, ignorance, and apathy of a Government that, but for the sagacious m ead and long-enduring firmness of Wellington, would have ruined .t the cause. The Tory Gover nmen t c l a i me d great meri t for the share they had in the noble victories which he achieved. Can any one r ea d th e f o ll ow ing extract s without indignation ? " San Sebastian, a third-r a t e f or t ress , and in bad condition when first inve s t e d, res i ste d a besieging aril; possessing an enormous battering train, for sixty - t hre days. This is to be attrib u t e d partly to the errors .0' the besiegers, principally to o b s t ruct i ons ex t r aneous , n ! the military operations. A mongst t h e reckoned the miscondu c t o f th e Ad m i ra l t y, and t negligence of the Government re l at i ve to th e batter l train and supply of am mun iti on ; t h e l atter retarge t the second siege for sixte e n days; the former enab led the garrison to keep up, and even i ncrease i ts mean', the siege proceeded. last arc to he " Next, in order and importance, was the failure ° f the Spanish authorities, wh o neg l ecte d to su pply ear o and boats from the country, an d even re f use d the 119 , ; of their public buildings for h ospita l s. Th us betwee n the sea and the shore, recei v i ng a id f rom neit h e r, LoT Wellington had to conduct an operat i on o f wa r eib ie tir more than any other depe n d s f or success upon b ib . ° e and provident care. It was pro b a bl y t h e fi r st tnt i ,, that an important siege w as ma i nta i ne d by went% exertions ; the stores of th e b es i egers were l an ded fr boats rowed by Spanish girls !" The next extract shows that the Government Wa s . blind and infatuated as the Admiralty. In adver l ti to the treatment Wellington received at the bow s e t the Spanish Cortes a n d some S pan i s h grandees, colon Napier says:— a of His resignation was accepted in the latter e n Septymber, an d h e h e ld the command only anal the assemuling of the N ew Cortes, but the attemptto render him odious fai•ed even at Cadiz, owing e hit ' s # o to the personal ascendancy which all great min is surely surely attain ov er th e masses in troubled times• m the people and the soldiers respected him more thaw they did their ow n G overnment, and the Sti a f h lih i, officers had generally yi e ld e d as rea d y o b e di en ce to ishes before he wits a p po i nte d G enera l iss i mo , as ttiey ai to his orders when holding that high office. is was this ascendancy which enabled him to rat/intuit ) th e war with such troubl esome a lli es ; an d yet so li t tle eg o . Le English Miuist e rs ca p .bl e o f apprec i at i ng its irp ance, that after the battl e o f Vi ttor i a they en tertain. Lite deign of removing him from Spain to take par t t J the German o p era ti ons . hi s answer was s hort au modest, lot lull of wisdom : " Many might be found to conduct matters as - i d as I can, both here a nd i n G ermany, b ut nri b o dy w °t3 eo enjoy the same a d van t sges h ere, an d I shou ld be better than another in Germany.' " The egregious folly which dictated this propos iti t V a was thus checked, and in De.centber the new CO the decided that he sho u ld reta i n t h e comman d of atones, and the Re genc y b e b oun d to ful fil i ts Pred 'es cevor's engagements !" With all these annoyances and disheartening obstr u tions, Wellingt o n, a f ter t h e b att l e of Vittoria, k.°174,. on the steady tenour o f hi s way, prepared to inert irst greatest and the l as t G enera l, N apo l eon sent to eouip r . him ; and never did an y G enera l di sp l ay more dete mined spirit, or more skilful operations. It a sV e i. lar coincidence, that almost at. the first renrontre aa lington, by some ac c id en t or some f au l t o f Pi c ten, within a few second s o f b e i ng ma d e pr i soner, by a bA°e of French light cava l ry ; an d that, but a few '4 30 after, Soult and hi s w h o l e army were save d from f:si, most terrible disaster, by t h e m i scon d uct o f t h r ee D o '. tish soldiers. But w e w ill a ll ow N ap i er to g ive account of these hair-breadth escapes, in his oein 1 " g passioned language : " While the Fr enc h G enera l t h us f orme d 7 .i i s line Of t d battle, Lord Wellingto n , w h o h a d quitted Sr'. Ro w t gi b, Hill's quarters in the Bastan very early on the re" f crossed the main ridge an d descendois the vall e y :f Lanz without having b een a bl e to , l earn an ything Picton's movements or position, ar.oj in this state of 11 "_ certainty reached O s ti a , a f ew m il es f rom Saurore where he found General Long w ith th e b r i g ade of lig bts; cavalry which had furnished. the posts of corresigg i deuce in the mountains. Here learning that P ic !' o having abandoned the heights of Linzoain on Huarte, he left his Quarter-master General with the in structions to stop all the troops coming down valley of Lanz until the state of affairs at Huang should be ascertained. Then at racing speed he made for Sauroren. As he entered that village be 1 1 97 Clauzel's divisions moving from Zabaldica along tbO crest of the mountain', and it was clear that the allied troops in the valley of Lanz were intercepterk where . ; fore pulling up his horse he wrote on the ,•arapet of the bridge of Sauroren fresh instructions to eyed thing from that valley to the right, was movi n g led through Lizasso and Marcalain behind the hills t o the village of Oricain, that is to say, in rear of tbe Lion now occupied by Cole. Lord Fitzroy Somerset, by road Whic h the only staff-officer who had kept I• 4 p with him, gala loped vv,th these orders out of Say r oren by one road, the French light cava l ry d as h e d ir, by another, and the English Gener a l ro d e a l one up the mounta i n t o react' his troops O ne o f C amp b ell ' s Portuguese batta lions first d escr i e d hi m and raised a cr y et joy, and the s h r ill c l amour caught up by the next regiments swelled as it run along the lie; into that stern and appalling shout which ale Bri tis d soldier is wont to gi ve upon t h e edge of batt l e , 3 " wnich no enemy ever heard unmoved, Lord Vi r el li°g ; ton suddenly stopped in a conspicuois s place, he desired that both armies shou.d know he was there, lied e • double spy who was present pointed out Soult, then 9° near that his features could 'oe plainly distinguished. 7 Thus Wellington way. saved by the speed of his horse' The next extract recounts how Soult and his ar nl Y'' when all but hemmed in, were saved by three " dering knaves." The event took plaCe after several des of hard fighting :---,. e Wellington now occupied the hills through wb'felltlf road leads from Elizondo to S an Estevart:and full hope he was to strike a terrible blow : for Se tilt , n° being pursued alter passing Dona Maria, had halted il l San Estevan, although by his scouts ha kne w that the c envoy had b e e n ta k en at Elizondo. 1- 1. ,e was in deep narrow valley, and three British divisions with 0I3 " of Spaniards were behind the mount Gins overlookl the town ; th e sevent h di v i s i on was en the mountain ° Dona Maria ; th e li g h t d i v i sion and Sir Thon's', Graham's Spaniards were marching to block the V vr :, and Echallar exits from the valley ; B vn a was Direr,' at Maya, and Hill was moving by Alinandoz just % - ,a hind Wellington's own position. A few hours gat , and the French must surrender or disperse. vv . ef , lington gave strict orders to prevent the liglating of fir the straggling of soldiers, or any other indication presence of troops ; and he placed himself_ a rnon 1 „ some rocks at a commanding point, from wbenc!) inofa c h i i t s rel ' ess er. ru s. e d .n u neT e . I" ; I° e " 1 ; - h e e could observe every movement of the enemy, 54311 ,. ; s s e e e e n me to d r ti: d a e nq u d p il t , h a e nd val f l o e u y r of the staff proposed to cut them off ; General, whose • ,object was to hide ',,is own presei t Y, would not suffer it, but the next mo aient three mar tun ing English soldiers entered the veil and w ere s" the Enl" e stantly carried off by the hor,,,,,,:"Hitif an h o ur afterwards the French drupes beat to arms, a nd tl heir columns bega n t o move out of San E stevan tow' i d s e Surnbilla. Thus th e d isobedience of three D i a ndel knaves, unworthy o f t h e name of soldiers, deprived 7 d e consummate commander of th e most splendid sane Th n e ex t t w d o ay armi was e fo t u ti g e lA n t , restedi n h e q h ui S e and saved another from the roost terrible disaster?' teas s A great defeated.battle their respective positions after nine days coot ie movement, during which they had • of rico .. tou bt actions, the result of which was :—Ci g tth e len se ill' • *Mies. ,4 4 i eluding the Scaoiaids, 7,300 officers and soldiers 1 :0 4 , been killed, uounde,l, or Ls • Oa the F ren ch 0 , the loss was terrible. Ace -7 • rding to the Fr enc h de 4 mints it amounted to 13,000. Wellington put it di I`cl at 15,000 officers and men, with 4,000 unworn ~ prisoners. 0 r ig- R _. IGIN of CABINE T _.CABINET . d_ n d .41 Cabinet C ounc il i s of very early origin. The grea 4 wise Allred, t o whom we are ind e bt e d f or many e&celle aO.. L oin , stttutions, so arrange d t h e affairs of the nation that all r es era l tions relati ng t o t h e public should ease through, tnrce g ev Councils ; the first was a S e l ect C ouncil, to which r•ig i 1 those the K ng h a d a part i cular eNt e e ra for we re adrni tree c b ut ;hi eth affairs w er e here rikbated, th a t were to hr.: laid bef ore second Council, witch consisted of Bishops, Earl's, viscoctnts a i d Judges, and some o f t h e pr i ncipal Thanes after .ward non e ' I tAt ons ; the se re,ern bled the present Privy C. ) uncli ; :a,..f„ belonged to it but those the Ki ng was pleas.ed to app the Tt nation, •e thcalled ird wain s aSax ge on, neral Council or Asse ;I•thli 0. ,lily Wittenagemot, !a b ic hich 0 1 1 !• - all I ofEtes gave a right to sit, Ind, p - ndent o f the M ond , n d In these three Councils we see the origin of c ao Cabinet Privy Councils and the antiquity of Parliar „ Gt ., , hut a t i : , , e , co. ding to Lord Clan, nion. originated thu. : —The affa irs 1 ,°)? term Cabinet Courted is of a much more mod. ~,,n date, and, a- f State in the reign of Ciurles I. were prir x i„ aily n ,anaged the Lord Cottingtoo ; to these were added tl 4 , E .ini of ic„ r thuro the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Earl c berl•nd, for ornament; the Bishop o f ' Lanitlon. for his place bring Lord 'Treasurer ; the two Seer. t • d '‘V in ' t i S i- traffort. '. and e artes, Vane an derbank, for service and intelligent:, ; only the 11) 'argots °G. Hamilton, by his skill and interest., meddled J,,,,, ~,, fa, , a nti I , r ciese pers. ns made u , t he Cum'" and en-" t i "i v then, in the Court, tee Cabinet Council. eti m fa i l tt h ee r 'of th S a t ' a l thee r h t a p d ro a a rn eh i t n ull . aft,„ called the Junto MARSHAL BIRON.----I w as w e ll a c cr ,141t1t . „-- , with Alarslial tiiron, kshu gave ma the liberty of occu iying 6 ;1 bt.x, b'tth at .he ~ o , r . and ar the French ''neatre. I . hi4 ‘ 11 ",, my daughter that she c odd say .- nobleman. who was one of the most polished men of tl - , e Fret!" court, and a most agreeable ci mita • - - - 1 -' ton * took such a fancy t° , • ..ilc, m.2_. Ple"ed. StnetAme6 "en - , - .,ecau-e she ordered it, ' i'have l' er bim capering atAitt* t - • Ice him do an vthitti; sh: good humour. , b . , wei the room and singing with the trmr t dancer, 1 -I,:nosvo song, ‘• Quan4 eiy a n v , ou th l qtland Biron voulut dancer," &r.-41( -- of icnoz ri Princ*itt Daic/t/tuw.