The Sun. — London, England, 1857-04-10 00:00:00

HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE; SEASON 1857. The THEATRE will OPEN on TUESDAY, April 14, when, will be presented Donizetti's Opera of LA FAVORITA. Leonora Baldassare Signor VIALETTI. Fernando Signor GIUGLINI. To be followed (first time these 10 years) by the favourite Ballet of LA ESMERALDA. Founded on Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris." La Esmeralda Madlle. POCCHINI. Claude Frollo Signor RONZANI. AND Pierre Gringoire M. MASSOT. All the Boxes and Stalls having been disposed of for the Subscription or Opening Night, the same Opera and Ballet will be Repeated on THURSDAY, April 16 (it being an extra night not included in the subscription). • A limited number of boxes in the Half Circle Tier have been specially reserved for the public, and may be had on ap plication at the Box-office at the Theatre Colonnade, Hay market. Price One Guinea and One Guinea and a Half each. The doors will open at half-past seven ; the Opera com mences at eight. THEA TR E-R OYA L, DRURY-LANE, Lessee. Mr. E. T. Smith. On EASTER MONDAY will be performed OTHELLO. Mr. Charles Dillon and the Lyceum Company. After which, CONRAD AND MEDORA and SEE SAW, MARGERY DAW. Mrs. C. Dillon, Miss Woolgar, &c. Commence at 7. OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. 1t On EASTER MONDAY, will be performed Shakespere's tragedy of KING RICHARD THE SECOND. King Richard IL, Mr. C. K , an ; Queen, Mrs. C. Kean. Preceded by A GAME OF ROMPS. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee—Mr. J. B. Buckstone. NEW ARRANGEMENT OF PRICES OF A OMISSION. On EASTER MONDAY, and during the week, the new rama of A LIFE'S TRIAL. Messrs. Buckstone, Comp ton, Howe, W. Farren, Rogers ; Mesdames Reynolds, Poyn ter, Fitzwilliam, dgc. After which, for the first time, a Classical Love Story, tin der the Apple-lation of ATALANTA ; or, The Three Golden Apples : in which Miss M. Oliver will appear ; also Miss M. Wilton, her first appearance here, and Miss Ellen Ternan, her first appearance in London. Concluding with GRIMSHAW, BAGSHAW, AND BRADSHAW. Mr. Buckstone. In future the prices will be: — Orchestra Stalls (which may be retained the whole of the evening), 6s. each. (No charge for booking.) First Price. s. d. Second price. s. d. Dress Boxes Upper Boxes Pit........ Lower Gallery 1 0 Lower Gallery 0 6 Upper Gallery 0 BNo half-price to tipper Gallery. T HEATRE ROYAL, A DELPHI, Lessee—Mr. Ben. Webster. On EASTER MONDAY, will be performed the new and original domestic sketch, entitled WELCOME, LITTLE STRANGER. Mr. Wright, Mr. Paul Bedford, &c. Followed by TETE ELVES, in which Madame Celeste will make her first appearance After which, A NIGHT AT NOTTING-HILL, in which Mr. Wright and Paul Bedford will appear. TRAND THEATRE.—Manager, Mr. T. 479 Payne.—On Easter Monday will be performed RUTH OAKLEY. After which, WILLIAM TELL (Burlesque.) Mesdames Leigh Murray, Cuthbert, Somers, dxe. To conclude with a Farce. Commence at Seven. Stalls, 3s. ; Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, Is. ; Gallery, 6d. OY AL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lessee, Mr. Alfred Wigan. On EASTER MONDAY, a new drama, called DADD Y HARDACRE. Mr. Robson, &c. The new drama, by Tom Taylor, Esq., A SHEEP IN WOLF'S CLOTHING. To conclude with THIEVES ! THIEVES ! ! Messrs, P. Robson, G. Vining, &c. Commence at half-past Seven. CANTERBURY HALL. Westminster-road.— OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The follow ing company of Vocalists are engaged for the performance of Selections from all the popular Operas, Madrigals, Choruses, Glees, Duets, dtc., viz.: Miss E. Pearce, Mrs. J. Caulfield, Miss Brunell, Miss Summers, and Madame Marietta; Mr. J. Caulfield, Herr F. Jonghmans, 11. Grover, T. Farrant, S. Jones, J. Barker, W. Melling, P. Corri, Senor Antonio M. de Solla, and E. L. Hime ; Masters Austin, Bennett, and Corti; Messrs. Sam Collins, E. 'Hackney, and C. J. Wilkins. Pianoforte, Mr. Cecil Hicks; harmonium, J. Caulfield, jun.; director, Mr. J. Caulfield. Commence at Seven o'clock pre. eisely. Suppers, &c., until twelve o'clock. HIGR WATER, AT LONDON BRTDGE. THIS DAY—Morn. 33 min. aft 2 —Evening 51 mia. aft. 2 TO-MOREO97—.Morn. G aft. 3—Evening 20 min.aft. 3 THE WEATHER—SUN Ovviom, APRIL 10. THsßmomwrzu, IN Td SHADE. 0. —highest singe noon yesterday 47 --lowest this morning and during the night. 57 —this day at noon . BAROMETER, 29',8—falling. wurD, E.S.E.—Light, with fine, mild weather. Heavy fog in the morning. r - , A4A AI 9 4 t - k-14' :4 : 1 _ 6 LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 10, 1857. April the 10th—a most memorable anniver sary ! We speak not here of its purely sacred associations—Goon FRIDAY being altogether too holy and too awful a theme to be rendered the subject of a newspaper disquisition, however re verential, in tone or in language, the allusions made by the journalist to the Divine Mystery of the Redemption. We refer simply to the great poli tical event of which this day—Friday, the tenth of .April,* 1857—is' peculiarly commemorative. The ninth anniversary of the abortive Chartist de monstration !—the ninth anniversary of the ghost of an insurrection on the transpoutine forum, the Common at Kennington !—the ninth anniversary of the day when poor FEARGUS O'CONNOR'S Ragged Regiment startled the capital of the Bri tish Empire into a manifestation of civism so ex travagantly disproportioned to the revolutionary outbreak it was designed to suppress ! When— with a mere and most miserable handful of excep tions—the whole adult male population of London turned out into the streets —an Army of Special Constables ! When the troops were distributed at cockcrow about the metropolis when sand bags were piled up on the walls of the Bank of England, and ordnance lay concealed here and there at the more salient points of the City, the gunners standing beside them with lighted matches, as behind so many masked batteries—when the reins of office were held in a firm grasp by Sir ROBERT PEEL, and the Sword of State in the iron grip of the Duke of WELLINGTON All this simply as a magnifi cent demonstration against the intended disturb ers of the public peace—a stupendous extin guisher to a little farthing rushlight of Rebellion Disproportioned, however, though it was, that patriotic display of the 10th of April, 1848, while compared with the wretched the pan, when the Great Gun of Chartism (loaded to the muzzle, elaborately primed, and ostentatiously cocked) missed fire —it was of considerable ulte rior import, and of no little immediate value, nevertheless. It was a timely declaration made by England of her utter abhorrence of Reforms gained solely by Brute Force —at a period when the hell-broth of Socialism was seething in France, while the whole political atmosphere of the Continent seemed to presage nothing but disaster and disruption. It was a resolute reply to—a stern and emphatic negation of the monstrous axiom of the Communists just then enunciated in their name by M. PRI/WIWI:11E, La Propriete c'est le Vol ! It was a decisive pronunciamento on the part of England agains the atrocity of Red Republicanism. But—it meant at the same tiro anything rather than a want of sympathy with the cause of Reform, with the interests of Liberalism, with the hopes and aspirationP, cherished far and wide, for the popular advancement. It was a demonstra tion rather against the Chartists than against Chartism ! Against the Democrats rather than against the Democracy ! It was a demonstration, in other words, against the Chartists, who dis graced the cause of Chartism —against the Demo crats, who tampered with the interests of the Democracy ! Signifying this—that memorable manifestation THE SUN, L'ONDON, FIRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 10, 1857. of the 10th April, 1848, may be profitably called to mind, we cannot but think upon this its ninth anniversary. It was ARISTOTLE'S advice to an author that he should lay his manuscript by for an interval of nine years before giving it to the • world—taking it up after the lapse of those nine years for reperusal and revision. The re commendation might equally well apply to states men assuming to themselves the responsibilty of Legislative and Administrative Reformers. And now that the Aristotleian interval has actually just passed over our heads—now that we can look back over a retrospective gap of nine years at that famous Tenth of April—what, let us ask our selves, and let us put it directly to our Prime Minister, Lord PALMERSTON—what is its peculiar significance ? Why—the fact is obvious, is glaring, is undeniable, that the nation is more for Reform than ever ! In proof of this it has just returned —in answer to the Appeal of the Premier—a thoroughly Liberal and Reforming Parliament. And now that that Parliament is on the eve of being assembled together in the Legislative Palace at Westminster, it will be well for Lord PALMERSTON—the man under whose auspices, under the .z-Egis of whose Popularity this New, and Liberal, and Reforming House of Commons has been elected—it will be well for Rim to remember hcw large, how tempting, how comprehensive are his opportunities ! His opportunities as a Re former—as a Reformer at the head of a thoroughly Liberal Cabinet, backed by a thoroughly Liberal House of Commons ! He has at this moment a political carte blanche the whole " world" of Reform is before him, " where to choose !" Not one of the Six Points of the Charter has been yet touched And—there is no use whatever in being meally-mouthed-- the Reformers generally throughout the United Kingdom are for the most part, literally, in point of fact, Chartists. We hesitate not for an instant to declare that we ourselves, in all essential respects, are really and truly Chartists —that The Sun, is in favour of all that consti tutes the veritable pith and marrow of what is called Chartism. Wby, to descend at once upon this subject to simple matter of fact, what, after all, are the Sit Points of the Charter ? Let us look at them frankly and calmly one after another in due succession. They are these : I. Universal Suffrage. 11. Vets by Ballot. 111. Paid Representatives. IV. Equal Electoral Districts. V. Abolition of Property Qualification. VI. Annual Parliaments. Well, honestly we declare for ourselves, and we believe the opinions we express are the opinions entertained at heart by the vast majority of the Practical Reformers throughout the United Kingdom, there is scarcely a principle enunciated in those Six Points but what, in acknowledging the justice of it, in recognising the reasonableness of ii, we cordially acquisce. About the only Point we are distinctly adverse to, is the Third—that in favour of Paid Representatives. While in refer. ence to the Sixth, moreover, we take exception to the limit specified, as just a trifle too narrow. We conceive that Annual Parliaments would be alto gether so short-lived as to be a source of Confusion rather than of Advantage. So that we would substitute upon this Point " Triennial" for " An nual " Parliaments. But for the rest—premising that we would take Universal Suffrage to be a Goal towards which Reformers should struggle on wards (fixing that goal, observe, at no definite period ! ) through the proper extension of educa tional improvements and the graduated advance of the whole social status of the population —pre mising this, we are heart and soul for the re maining Points of the Charter 1‘ We are for Vote by Ballot ! We are for Equal Electoral Districts ! We are for the Abolition of Property Qualification ! But, particularly—because those are the most important—for the Equalisation of the Electoral Districts and for the Ballot : as well as for a considerable immediate Extension of the Franchise--with the prospect of further advances in that direction hereafter, on the road towards the grand Goal of Universal Suffrage 1 And these we believe in our conscience to be the views entertained by the vast majority of all Sin cere and Practical Reformers throughout the Three Kingdoms ! Animated by these hopes, guided by these views, cherishing these opinions, the Constituencies have elected the present Liberal House of Commons; Backed by this Reforming Parliament—How much is expected at this mo ment by the natio? from the Premiership of Lord PALMERSTON ! Lord PALMERSTON must make a beginning of it somewhere. He has the whole World of Reform before him for selection. Sup pose, my Lord PALMERSTON, just to begin with, you make a clear sweep of it, and give us— observe, we say just to begin with— THE BALLOT 7 Mr. COBDEN has spoken by a sort of " aside " o the men of Huddersfield. Mr. BRICUIT, more characteristically, has spoken "right out" to the men of Manchester. They have both of them, it should be observed, given utterance to their thoughts, at once sorrowfully and reproachfully. Mr. COBDEN, in a Letter to a Friend, marked " Private," and which, in consequence, that " d—d good-natured friend," so respects, that he gives it to the world at large, through the " stage whisper " of a newspaper paragraph down at Liverpool—Mr. COBDEN, we say, after this roundabout fashion, intimates, rather surprisingly, that he regards his own exclusion from Parlia ment as "a positive relief." Rather surprisingly, we say, seeing that he nevertheless did try the other day, both by speaking and by writing, and by great personal exertion, in spite of his " delicate state of health"—(which from our very heart's core we are deeply grieved to hear of )—Mr. COBDEN did try thus energetically, only the other day, to get in somehow or other, by hook or by crook, for Huddersfield ! Remembering which abortive effort of his —it is really wonderfully sug gestive of the Fox and the Grapes, when we find him exulting thus inconsistently, as a t (c a positive relief," over his exclusion from Parliament ! However, this is not by any means the most conspicuous feature in Mr. COB- D&NeS eccentric and oblique communication. Thai iS discoverable at a glance in his allusion to Mr. BRIGHT'S rejection by Manchester ! A Rejection of which he says—quoth the newspaper paragraph in a Liverpool contemporary—" that political in gratitude was never before carried to such an ex tent, inasmuch as Mr. &miles intellect, which is of a commanding character, has been shattered by too faithfully serving his constituency ill the House of Commons, and he now finds him self dismissed with less delicacy than is usually acorded to a menial in a private family." Really ?—we were not before acquainted with the fact that Members usually received a month's warning from their constituents. we ad not the smallest notion, until Mr. COBDEN intimated as much, that any polite formula of that kind had to be observed, before any M.P., like a valet or butler getting his discharge, accepted the Stewardship of Her MAJESTY'S Chiltern Hundreds, the Stewardship of the Manor of Poynings, of E 7 at Hendred and Northst:ad, or the Escheatorship of Munster. Live and learn, they say ; and cer tainly in this Mr. COBDEN has decidedly favoured us with a most unexpected piece of information. As for the downfall of Mr. BRIGHT at Man chester, and for that matter, too, of Mr. COBDEN himself at Huddersfield—no one, we are bold to say, more sincerely grieves over it than do we ourselves. We regret more profoundly than we have words at this moment to express, that this twofold calamity should have been rendered—by Mr. BRIGHT and Mr. COBDEN themselves, and by no other than by themselves—absolutely neces sary ! Bub their downfall together--was rendered " so" necessary—and by themselves ! The whole country still rings with the truth of it —as every right-minded man in the country still grieves that any such event should have become requisite at Manchester and at Huddersfield. In testimony of this, behold the two indisputable Facts subjoined. The indisputable Fact that Reformers generally throughout the land, muse with unfeigned sorrow over every sentence of Jon BRIGHT'S Farewell Address to the Electors of Manchester. And the equally indisputable Fact that—while they lament most truly over his shattered constitution, and over the delicate health of his distinguished associate—they nevertheless exult over the re solute course adopted in regard to JoHN BRIGHT and his late colleague by the electors of the city of Manchester, and in regard to RICHARD COBDEN by the " free and independent" constituency of the borough of Huddersfield. The wearied dwellers in the metropolis will this day, at least, have the opportunity of enjoy ing a spectacle from which the spirit of the modern Pharisees debars them on Sundays. At one o'clock the portals of the Crystal Palace will be thrown open, and thousands, aye tens of thou sands, will enjoy their holiday in a manner that will at the same time improve their minds and strengthen their bodies. The persons thus engaged will return to their daily labours with renewed vigour ! They will have something to think and speak of in the intervals of toil. For some days, if not weeks, the wonders they are about to witness will produce a healthy tone of mind, a more cheerful and contented disposition. Oh ! that it could always be thus—that families could enjoy themselves, after the hours of Divine worship on the Lord's-day, in an equally harmless manner. It would be far, indeed, from " dese crating the Sabbath," of which it would produce a more respectful and better observance than can be anticipated under the existing system. At present men spend their money and injure their health in public-houses and beer-shops, or stupify themselves in their own miserable apartments, because they are debarred from obtaining inno cent amusement ! If the Crystal Palace, the British Museum, the National Gallery, and other places of a similar character were opened after the hours of divine worship on Sundays —say a quarter to half-past one o'clock—it would be very different. The pater familias, in place of spending his money in selfish enjoyment, would rejoice to take his wife and children to see what would improve as much as it would astonish them. There would be greater anxiety to obtain decent habiliments and assume a respectable appearance ; and many demoralising influences now in operation would be completely abolished. Every inducement should be-held out to tempt them forth. It is true that the parks are open, and that country air may possibly be obtained. But per sons who have been labouring all the week are frequently unwilling to walk merely for walking sake. They require sqmething to attract and divert the eye—to have some "sight" within reach of which they can afterwards chat ! And the Legislature, if it did not supply means of gratifying the craving, should at all events remove every restriction that prevents its attainment. The apologies offered by Lord ROBERT GROSVENOR for the grave error into which he had been betrayed sufficiently prove the state of public feeling on the subject. It is but a narrow sectarian view that would compel the Lord's-day to be one of gloom and enforced austerity. " The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath." And we are convinced that true religion would be greatly pro moted, if the boons above alluded to were con ceded to the People. We trust that a majority of the representative branch of the Legislature may be of a similar opinion, and that no time may be lost in inaugurating the interesting and important experiment. Our poorer brethren are expected not only to be moral and well-conducted, but also to be per fectly contented with their lots. They are to eschew the temptations of the gin palace and the beer shop to enjoy themselves in their respective homes, and to cultivate all the domestic relations of life. But what are these homes, and how can they enjoy themselves therein ? Dr. LETHEBY, the medical officer of health for the city, en lightens us on these points. He shows the horrible and demoralising condition of the miser able and filthy rooms in which many adults, members of the same family, not only live but even sleep together. Nor is this all : strangers are allowed to participate in " bed and board" with the regular occupants. He says, " Like my predecessor, I have seen grown persons of both sexes sleeping in common with their parents ; brothers and sisters and cousins, and even the casual acquaintance of a day's tramp, occupying the same bed of filthy raga or straw, a Woman suf fering in travail in the midst of males and females of different families that tenant the same room— where filth and death go hand in hand—where the child but newly born, the patient cast down with fever, and the corpse waiting for interment, have no separation from each other or from the rest of the inmates. Such instances as these, and I might add, others of even more extreme debase ment, are not uncommon within the walls of this city, and though they call loudly for interference, yet I hardly know how the powers of this Com mission can be best exorcised in suppressing them." This is indeed a terrible picture. Row can hose who are compelled to submit habitually to such degradation have any regard for the ordi nary decencies of life ? It is far more than a mere sanitary question. It is not bodily health only that is at stake. The mind must also be corrupted, " where from three to five adults, men and women, besides a train or two 'of children, aro accustomed to herd together Wire brute beasts or savages—where a ll the offices of natu re are I per formed in the moat public and offensive manner, and where every human instinct of propriety and decency are smot'hered !" It - may offend the squeamishness of many t o allude to tliese direful —these heartrendi ng f acts, which "be mentioned to ears polite." Oaould not even ut the journal ist has a stern duty which he 'cannot disregard. Having ascertained the exist 4100 of the evil, it is imperative to demand . a' .1 adequate and spee d y remedy, so that the soe nuisance may be forth with abated. Many will cel3 ' sure thi filthy habits of those who submit to such abominations. But it is not the bl ame. 4 poor that are really to poYerty, but not their will consents ; necessity compels them to seek shelter, and they must perforce accept the best within their means of attainment. It is the wealthy who remain apathetic and indifferent, while such scenes are perceptible at their very thresholds—nay, more, the State itself which tolerates such untoward events that is culpable. The causes are easily to be ascertained. There is a fearful dearth of accom modation suitable for the needy. The very im provements that have taken place within the me tropolis—the sweeping away of " the rookeries" and substitution of a higher class of dwellings, have materially aggravated the matter. The same numbers must still be provided for within more limited space. The overcrowding is thus rendered indispensable ; and we unhesitatingly say that the sin, the shame, the disgrace, rest on the Legislature, and not on the wretched victims ! There are many building regulations in ope ration. Why should there not be some main taining the proportion between the different classes of dwellings The model lodging-houses have been proved to be paying speculations ; and if private enterprise cannot be directed into that channel, why should not the Government enforce the obligation on Corporations, authorising the levying of special rates for the purpose ? It is in vain to impose stringent regulations on keepers of lodging-houses. These regulations will be habi tually disregarded. They cannot be maintained while there are houseless wanderers grasping at any shelter, however revolting the conditions un der which it may be offered. It is not of their free will that the humbler classes plunge into such atrocities. They cannot help themselves, and that which at first shocked every feeling becomes from habit less disgusting. How can gaols or houses of correction exercise terrors for such persons ? They will be better clothed, better fed, and far better lodged than when at liberty. It would, however, be infinitely cheaper for the taxpayers, to expend a portion of the money now applied in the punishment of crime to its prevention. If there were more model lodging-houses for the labouring population fewer prisons would be required. The one might, in a great degree, replace the other ! Surely the experiment is worth trying. We cannot doubt that it would fulfil the most sanguine expectations of its advocates. THE SPEAKERSHIP. The Right Hon. M. T. Baines has addressed the following letter to the editor of the Times, which we have much pleasure in copying : Sir,—There are two points in your article o this day on which I beg leave to say a word, as they are calculated to create anxiety on the part of my constituents and friends. The writer ap pears to be under the impression that my health is now bad, and, moreover, that I have been visited with an extraordinary infliction of shortsightedness. As to the first I am sure my friends will be glad to know that I wan never better in my life ; and, as to the second, that with the aid of an ordinary pair of shortsighted glasses I can see as well as any man. The rest of the article is so courteous in its tone as to deserve my best thanks, which I beg to offer you accordingly. I have the honour to be, Sir, yours faithfully, M. T. BAINES. 13, Queen-square, Westminster, April 9. .REPEESENTATION OF THE COUNTIES. HEREFORDSHIRE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—In year clever article on the returns of the counties you have entirely omitted Herefordshire, whore the Liberals have achieved a great victory. In 1852 Lord Bateman succeeded in ousting Mr. Lewis, the Free-trader (Sir G. C. Lewis), by means of his nominee and brother, Captain Hanbury. Lord Bateman's father was a Whig ; but the lord lieutenancy of the county becoming vacant just as Lord Derby was Prime Minister, the young Lord Bateman waited upon Lord Derby and proposed net only to rat himself, but to eject Mr. Cornewall Lewis from the county, and to return in his stead a thick-and-thin Protectionist in the person of his own brother, Captain Hanbury. The bargain was struck. Lord Derby made Lord Bateman the lord lieutenant, and Lord Bateman made his brother a member for Herefordshire. Since that time the county has felt its degrada tion in being a kind of nomination borough of Shobdon Cout ; so last week the constituents read Lord Bateman a lesson by ejecting his brother and returning a Liberal in his stead by a majority of 877! The population is 115,000, the county registry numbers 7,000. Ross, April 9. AN ENGLISHMAN. COURT CIRCULAR. The Duchess of Kent joined the royal party at Buck ingham Palace after dinner on Wednesday evening. The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Princess of Hohenlohe Langenburg, took a drive in an open carriage and four yesterday afternoon. Lord Alfred Paget and Captain Du Plat attended on horseback. The Prince rode on horseback with the Prince of Wales in the forenoon, attended by Captain Du Plat. The Princess Royal visited the Duchess of Kent yes terday at Clarence House, St. James's. Her Royal Highness paid a visit to the Duchess of Gloucester at Gloucester House, on Wednesday. The Princess Feodore of Hohenlohe Langenburg, the Marquis of Breadalbane, and Viscount Palmerston dined with the Queen in the evening. Lord Cremorne has succeeded the Earl of Caithness as Lord•in.Waiting to her Majesty. The Duchess of Kent took a carriage drive yesterday There is a rumour of Austria having proposed a league offensive and defensive with Modena and Parma, which, if confirmed, would be of the most serious importance, for it would amount to the perpetual occupation of those states by Austrian garrisons, or, in othe'r words, their virtual subjugation. The object is, of course, to menace Piedmont. As regards Modena, the conduct of Austria is rendered the more suspicious by the dying state of the reigning duke, who is childless. The Teviot takes out 87,0001. in gold to the Brazils ; the Alhambra 28,0001. in specie for the Peninsula. The Produce Market will re-open on Wednesday, and the next quarterly sales of indigo are announced for the 12th May. Yesterday a Court of Directors was held at the East India House, when Ross Donnelly Mangles, Esq., Was chosen chairman, and Si r F. C urr i e , Bart., deputy chairman, for the year ensuing. His Excellency Ferukh Kahn, the Persian ambassa dor, and suite honoured th e ex hibition of Madame Tus saud with a visit on Monday evening last. The Abd-ul-Medjid has arrived from Shanghai with 499, 4001 b. of tea and 195 bales of silk. The amount paid into the treasury of the East India house for bills on India between the 26th of March and the Bth inst. was 178,814/. The Abbe C°quereau, Chief Chaplain to 'the Fleet, will leave Paris on the 15th for Toulon, to attend the official reception of his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Constantin e , Count KisselefF, the Russian Ambassador, will like wise proceed to Toulon to receive the Grand Duke. The steam corvette Laplace, which is being fitted out for sea at Toulon, is to be sent to the Chinese seas to re inforce the French fleet there, The approaching departure of Monseigneur Gunk. min, Bishop of Canton, for the Indian Seas, is an• nounced. Ma. DIGBY Sl Minn.—We hear that the friends of Mr. Digby Seymour, one of the defeated candidates at the late election, are making a subscription for the pur pose of prese n t ing that gentleman with a test i mon i al i n the shape of the receipt of his election expenses. We are informed th a t two of Mr. Seymour ' s pr i nc i pa l sup u to the present time exceeds 10 e/. porteri have cont r ib utetd 251. eac h , aa d th at t h e t o t a l amount raised P We believe that M r. Seymour ' s s h are o f t h e e l ec ti on expenses would amount to about 3001.—Eastern Conn ties Herald. LAUNCEL—A splendid launch took place yesterday, at West Hartlepool, from the yard of Messrs. John Pile and Co., of a beautiful) modelled clipper-ship, of 700 tons. She was christened by Mr. James Park, and was :i safely launched withi n an h our. Sh e is a similar ship to the Spirit of the A ge, the M essage , a nd other China clippers built by th o e gentlemen, and is intended for the same trade. Th e s hi p b u ildi ng t r ade of West Hartle pool is rapidly incr eas i ng , an d, as a commercial port, its general import and export business is being extended n a most satisfactory Diann ". THE STATUTE LAW COMMISSION.—Tho report of the (late) Select Committee on the Statute Law Commission was issued to the mined several witnes ses , and had made some progress in public yesterday. The committee exa the inquiry, but havi ng regard to the then impending dissolution of Parliament, they did not feel in a position to cffer any definite opinion to the expiring House of C3mmens. The evidence is reported at length, and fills a space of 110 pages, besides a ppendices. The witnesses examined were Mr. Walter Coulson, Q.C. Mr. G. K. Rickards, Mr. H. Bellender Ker , Mr. Erskine May and Mr. G. Coode. LATEST NEWS. MARSEILLES, APRIL 9. Accounts from Naples of the 6th state that the King of Bavaria arrived there on the 3d. He was to leave on the 6th for Palermo, whence he would proceed to Greece and France. FRANCE. PARIS, THURSDAY EVENING. BOURSE, April 9.—The following were the last quotations : Cash. fr. C. End of Month. 4i per Cents 3 per Cents 69 20 New Loan — Bank Shares 4,185 Roman Credit Mobilier 1,400 Austrian Belgian 4. Piedmontese (5) 9l Home Debt 90 892 404 3Si RAILWAYS—FOR CASH. fr. c. fr c Orleans 1,475 Western Northern Lyons 1,5671 New Ditto • BO5 Mediterranean 2,135 Grand Central Lyons Geneva Midi The following is the monthly debtor and creditor account of the Bank of France, made up to yester. day (Thursday) : DE. Capital Reserve fund 12,980,750 14 Reserve immobiliere 4,000,000 Notes to bearer, in circulation Do. of branch banks 58,756,425 Do. to order (Post bills) Bills payable at sight Account-current of Treasury Creditor 68,819,093 46 Various accounts-current Do. branch banks 24,061,651 Dividends to be paid Discount, interest, and expenses Charge for safe keeping of securities 11,948,712 96 Re-discounts of the last half-year Overdue bills Sundries ____ • _ 939,230,038 00 Cft. Fr. c. Cash and ingots Cash at the branch banks Bills due yesterday to be paid to•day 644,098 32 Bills becoming due in Paris Bills in the branch banks Advances on coin and ingots 627,800 Do. in the branch banks Do. on public securities of France 24,162,436 10 Do. in the branch banks Do. on railway shares and bonds 13,728,100 Do. in the branch banks Do. to the State by treaty of June 30, 1848 Advances on Treasury bills Rentes of the reserve fund 12,980,750 14 Rentes of disposable funds Hotel and furniture of the Bank Real property of branch banks Expenses of administration 1,211,862 75 Premiums on the purchase of matieres 1,433,651 74 Sundries 859,582 81 55,000,000 - 939,230,038 0 PREVIOUS MONTH'S RETURN. DR. Capital Reserve fund Reserve iminobiUre - Notes to bearer, in circulation Do. of branch banks 62,132,275 -- Do. to order (Post bills) Bills payable at sight 4,005,108 Account -current of Treasury Creditor 103,490,235 31 Various accounts-current 107,254,685 57 Do. branch banks 21,466,077 Dividends to be paid 944,342 25 Discount, interest, and expenses Charge for safe keeping of securities 9,215,820 38 Re-discounts of the last half-year Overdue bills 9,441 72 Sundries 1,383,242 45 944,656,179 29 Ca. Fr. c. Cash and ingots Cash at the branch banks 115,128,539 Bills due yesterday to be paid to-day 581,248 61 Bills becoming due in Paris Bills in the branch banks Advances on coin and ingots Do. in the branch banks Do. on public securities of France 19,954,136 10 Do. in the branch banks Do. on railway shares and bonds 14,213,000 Do. in the branch banks De. to the State by treaty of June 30, 1848 - Advances on Treasury bills Rentes of the reserve fund 12,980,750 14 Rentes of disposable funds 52,274,110 83 Hotel and furniture of the Bank Real property of branch banks... 5,150,523 Expenses of administration 859,036 64 Premiums on the purchase of matieres 1,031,497 98 Sundries ..., 774,880 56 944, 656, 179 29 SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the sth, which have reached us in due course, contain nothing of inte rest. °The Gazette publishes the bando,(mentioned yesterday) of the captain-general of Catalonia, sup pressing the charitable assolations of workmen. The captain-general, in the preamble of that docu ment, says that the "machinations of the enemies of order, the necessity of putting an end to social perturbations caused by perfidious instigators of the working classes, and the refusal of workmen to accept the employment offered them in manu factories," have rendered the step necessary. AN INTELLIGENT CANDIDATE. We pledge ourselves for the perfect accuracy of the following statement fortnight ago, a sporting gentleman, perfectly at home in the mys teries of the turf, and thoroughly conversant with the state of matters at Tattersall's, but whose study of theology had not been quite so close or exem plary, took a fancy to becoming a legislator. He accordingly started for a well-known district of burghs in Scotland. In the course of his canvass he was sorely puzzled by a variety of questions which constituents, "in the exercise of their con stitutional right," persist in putting to those who solicit their suffrages. One day a question was put to [this candidate which perplexed the aspirant at senatorial distinction more than any that had preceded it. The question was, "What is your opinion of the Decalogue ?" He was, confounded for the moment, but recovering his self-possession, he turned to a friend behind, and whispered in his ear, " What does that mean?" "I rather think," replied the candidate's friend, whose acquaintance with divinity was on a par with his own, "I rather think it means flogging in the army." The can didate's darkness being thus so readily and happily enlightened, immediately turned round to the elector who asked the question, and with an em phasis not to be described, said, in the hearing of a number of the constituency, "I entirely di-ap prove of the Decalogue, and will never rest till I see it abolished 1" This well-instructed aspirant at legislative celebrity was successful on the day of election, and will adorn the new Parliament which meets on the 30th instant.—Morning Advertiser. ORIGIN OF NEWSPAPERS. From the first day of the meeting of the long Parliament may be dated the beginning of journal ism.. The earliest English newspaper that has been discovered is a quarto pamphlet of a few leaves, comprehending a summary of Parliamentary pro ceedings for an entire year ; it is entitled " The Diurnal Occurrences or Daily Proceedings of both Houses in this great and happy Parliament, front 3d November, 1640, to 3d November, 1641." More than 100 newspapers, with different titles, appear to have been published between this date and the death of the king, and upwards of 80 others be tween that event and the Restoration. Occasional papers were issued after the civil war began, limited to local or special occurrences ; as, "News from Hull," " Truths from York," " Tidings from Ire laud." The more regular newspapers were published weekly at first, then twice or thrice in a week. The impatience of the people soon led to the publication of daily papers ; and Spalding, the Aberdeen an nalist, mentions that in December, 1642, " daily papers came from London, called ' Diurnal Occur rences,' declaring what is done in Parliamer.t." In the Scottish campaign of 1650, the army of Charles and that of Oliver Cromwell each carried its printer along with it to report progress, and of course to exaggerate successes. It is from this circumstance that the first introduction of newspapers into Scot land has been attributed to Oliver Cromwell.— Wades England's Greatness. RAILWAYS IN ALGERIA. The Moniteur publishes a report addressed to the - Emperor by the Minister of War on the subject of the formation of railways in Algeria : After alluding to the advantages which must accrue from that rapid mode of communication to agicultural and other undertakings in the colony, the Minister proposes to his Majesty to sanction the construction of-Ist, a line running parallel to the sea uniting the chief towns of the three provinces, and serving the principal loca';tiet— to the east, between Algiers and Coustantina, pass ing near Auinale and Setif; to the west, between Algiers and Oran, passing near Bliclah, Amorah, Oleausville, St. Denis-du-Sig, and Ste. Barbe ; and 2d, lines starting from the principal ports and joining the above line so as to place Bona and Philipville in communication with Constantina, Bougia with betif, Tenez with Orleansville, and Mostaganem and Arzew with Relizane. The parts of the country to the S. of the main trunk line would communicate with it by means of the roads already formed by the array. The report goes on to state that, from the statistical details which have been collected, there are three lines on which the transport of merchandise and passengers would he sufficient to secure success to the undertaking-Ist, between Algiers, Blidah, and Ametu.sh, serving the great Arab markets of the plain of the Chetiff; 2d, betwen Constautina and Philipville, now the most frequented commercial transit ; and 3d, between Oran and St. Denis of the Sig, a section which would serve to convey the rich productions of the plains of the Sig, the Tielat, and the Eghris. These three lines the Mi nister proposes to have conceded to private com panies on conditions to be hereafter determined. The report also recommends that, in addition to these three lines, when the governor shall have troops unemployed at his disposal, they shall be employed in forming embankments and other earthworks for the great sections which are to be hereafter placed in connection with the railways now in contemplation, and would thus prepare for the ulterior execution of a general system of rail ways in Algeria." The xeport is followed by a decree carrying out the above suggestions. SEAMEN'S HOSPITAL _DREADNOUGHT, OFF GREENWICH: The ordinary quarterly meeting of the court of this admirable society was held yesterday, at the offices in King William-street, City ; but there being only 14 members present, and the deed requiring 15 to consti tute a court, the meeting stood adjourned. The super intendent's quarterly report of patients admitted from the let of Jan. to the 31st of March, 1857 (which would have been presented to the court in the usual course), gives the following statement : From her Majesty' s s hi ps 3 425 British and foreign merchant ships 151 On board lst January On board sick Convale,cent ........................... Fit for duty ................... Discharged since Ist of Jauu y Number on the registry book Oat-patients from Ist January to 31st March ... 340 THE IRON TRADE.—BIRMINGHAM, April 9, —The se cond quarterly meeting of the ironmasters of this dis trict was held in the Town-ball here to-day. The nature of the business was much the same as at Wolverhamp ton o n Wednesday. The trade prices were reported tirro, with a steady husinea doing. VISIT OF THE SULTAN TO THE ROYAL ALBERT. The Royal Albert shifted her anchorage from Bujudere, at the Black Sea end of the Bosphorus, to a position immediately opposite the Dolma Bak tchi Palace, which has been recently erected for the Sultan at an enormous expense. On the afternoon of the 27th the Admiral issued 'an order which set at rest the reports of the Sultan's intention to visit this ship :—Captains and officers of the squadron to repair on board the flag-ship, in full dress, at 10.30 a.m. on Saturday morning, the 28th, to re ceive the Sultan ; ships to man yards, and the rig ging on the port side, that facing the Palace; ships to be dressed at the same time ; Turkish flag at the main ; the Royal Albert to hoist the Sultan's stan dard at the main. The early part of Saturday, morning was showery, but with our usual good for tune after 8 o'clock the weather cleared up quite fine. We made the best preparations that we could in the shape of carpeting the ladders and deck, up to which his Majesty had to ge. Shortly before 11 o'clock the Pashas who were to be in atten dance came on board. They were Redschid Pasha, Grand Vizier; Riza Pacha, Minister of War; Mehemet Ali Pasha, Minister of Marine ; Omer Pacha, Generalissimo of the Army ; and Ethera Pacha, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Lord Stratford and suite came on board about the same time. About a quarter before 12 the Sultan was seen to step into his caique.• The ships immediately manned yards and rigging, dressing with flags, and a salute of 21 guns was at the same time fired by the Cu ragoa and ourselves. The Marines formed the guard of honour on both sides of the quarter-deck, and presented a fine specimen of British troops. .The band was across the poop, and the officers were standing on the after part of the quarter-deck. Six of the youngest naval cadets acted as side boys, two at the bottom of each ladder. The Sul:an was received at the entry port on the middle deck by the Admiral, Ambassador, Pachas, and Cap tains of the fleet. He was conducted to the upper deck by the Ambassador, who was obliged to help kiln up the ladders. He wore the fez, with a button on the top, a loose overcoat, the collar and cuffs of which were a mass of diamonds worth about 60,000/. He appeared very much ex hausted and nervous, and did not seem to be at all at ease. After he had recovered a little he threw open his coat so as to show the Riband and. Star of the Garter, telling the Admiral that he felt proud. to be able to wear it before so many "brave sol diers and sailors." A chair was brought out for him, which he refused, saying in French, w hich he speaks fairly, "Je ne suis pas fatigue." After the usual complimentary speeches bad been exchanged the Admiral conducted him to the cabin, and after a short rest be again came on decked and walked forward. Returning be no ticed the Crimean medal on the breast of one of the Marines, and said he observed that all the men wore the same decoration. The Marine, poor fellow, was evidently very uncomfortable at having become so conspicuous. While on deck this time the Sultan had evidently got over his nervousness, and laughed and chatted a good deal, apparently taking considerable interest in all he saw. On returning to the admiral's cabin he requested the admiral, ambassador, and pachas to be seated, a thing that I believe has never before taken place. The Sultan then begged Lord Lyons to inform her Majesty the Queen how grateful he felt for the prompt assistance that had, been ren dered to his country, and for having sent such a man as the admiral to be one of the defenders of Turkey. He afterwards' paid the admiral a very handsome compliment. His Majesty said—" I loved you when I first saw you, and that affection and regard has since been increased by the noble ness of your conduct, and I feel that it is no small thing to come on board such a ship to see such a man ; and I trust that, if again England become the defender of Turkey, your Sovereign may choose you, if your services can be spared, to again com mand the fleet, and I hope that you may long live to adorn the profession of which you, are such a bright ornament." The captains and commanders of the fleet were then presented, as also the officer of the guard of honour, Captain Adair, R.M., of this ship. Before leaving the Sul tan walked along the maindeck, and, after having been on board about three-quarters of an hour, left the ship, the same honours being paid to him, with the addition of the ships' companies giving three such hearty cheers as his Majesty probably never heard before. The caique in which the Sultan came off was very hand some, painted white, the top inside and out being richly carved and gilded. In the bows was the figure of a white dove. This marks the Sultan's caique. We left the Bosphorus on the following evening. The squadron weighed together and steamed a short distance up the Bosphorus ; then turning came down, passing the Palace quite close, all ships a* they passed manning yards and rigging and dressing with flags, the Curacoa and ourselves firing a Royal salute. The Ambassador was on board during the time, and on his leaving the ship off Seraglio Point was saluted with 19 guns. In the morning, before leaving, Lord Lyons had a farewell audience of the Sultan, who received him without the slightest ceremony and without any one being present ex• cept the flag-lieutenant, a nephew of the Admiral, and the Turkishinterpreter, Mr. Sarrell, one of the dragomans to the British Embassy. The squadron are at present anchored in Bashika Bay, about nine miles out of the Dardanelles, *here we remain for two or three days, and then leave for Smyrna, thence to Malta. THE TOLUNTARY PARTY AND THE GENERAL ELECTION. The executive of the " Society for the Liberation of Religion from State Patronage and Control," have issued a document detailing the steps taken by them during the recent general election, and reckoning up the gains and losses of the party of which they are the leaders. As the facts are of considerable interest, we give the report in a con densed form . "So soon as a general election became certain, an address to the electors of the United Kingdom, accompanied by a paper of information for electors was published and circulated, to the extent of 75,000 copies. The votes of M. P.'s on ecclesiasti f•al questions during past sessions were distributed through the constituencies, and it is known did good service in stimulating the efforts of the elec tors. Short and pungent appeals were inserted as advertisements in the leading journals during the stir of the election, urging practical attention to the leading topics of our policy. " In several constituencies the struggle was made to turn on steadfast and consistent 'adherence to the principles of voluntaryism, rather than on approval or condemnation of the policy of the Go vernment towards China. The total abolition of Church rates was insisted on as essential to the programme of a Liberal candidate and care was taken that there s h ou ld b e on tin's question no room for misunderstanding or compromise. Mr. Miall's motion for impartial 'disenawreent in Ire land was a topic frequently of cross-examination. Indifferent and faltering candidates were con strained by the resolution of those whose suffrages they solicited, to consider subjects which they had neglected, and to adopt and pronounce unmistake able opinions. Candidates who were hostile, and who proved inaccessible to persuasion and argu ment, in many instances were dismissed, or de feated at the poll. " We have won for those who . bave promised to advocate our policy seats at Plymouth, Norwich, Rochester, Sandwich, Bodmin, Frome, Falkirk, Reigate, Bury,. Great Yarmouth, Cardigan, New port, the City of London, and others, in the towns and boroughs of England and Wales ; in the counties, Glamorganshire, South Durham, Bells, Cambridgeshire, south Essex, W es t S urre y, W es t Kent, and others— all of which were formerly in the possession of our opponents. We have lost, as boroughs, Bolton, Guildford, Leeds, Maid stone, Aberdeen, Cambridge, Rochdale, andothers; and, as counties, Lan cas hi re N or th an d Hampshire North. " A careful analysis of the returns of 'the new Parliament, from England, Wales, and Scotland, not including Ireland, gives, of former members who have been re-elected, about 50 who might be relied on for their votes on all our religious liberty questions. The new members amount to 168. Of these, according to present knowledge, it may be reasonably expected that, in their ecclesiastical poli tics, as compared with their predecessors, 30 will be found to Le losses; 66 gains, and 72 exchanges of members ecclesiastically similar ; making, as the result of this election, the probable clear gain of 36 votes (exclusive of Ireland) to the religious liberty party in Parliament. " - Whilst a general survey thus plainly indicates that our cause has made substantial progress since the last election, there is a pat titular and personal aspect which cannot be contemplated without deep regret. For reasons which are believed to be sepa rate and distinct, many members of the late House of Commons, who were conspicuous on our behalf,. are not found on the list of the new Parliament. The loss of such faithful friends will occasion inconveni ence fora time, at least in our parliamentary proceed ings, and is a serious diminution to the joy with which we welcome an increased number of adherents. The work which has been so well begun cannot be ar-. rested in its progress. The additions and om i ss i on s in the n ew Legislature alike furnish to those who discern the signs of the times, the assurance of the tkccelerated progress of genuine religious freedom." MONTENEGRO. A Paris letter in the Independance of Brussels, in speaking of the present efforts of Prince Danilo to interest the great European powers in his favour, says _ _ _ It has been attempted to throw doubt on the question of, the independence of Montenegro by affirming that it has never been solemnly recog nised. That is quite true ; but, on the other hand, nothing has ever taken place to invalidate that inde pendence, although many things concur to establish it. Thus, for instance, it is certain-Ist, that Mon tenegro never admitted the suzerainty of any Inc nareh ; 2dly, that the Montenegrin chiefs have never paid tribute ; 3dly, that Montenegro was never occupied by the sovereigns of any neighbouring nation ; and, 4thly, that nu merous treaties have been signed by the rulers of Montenegro with the Porte. Bat treaties, it must be remembered, are not signed with a vassal. On this latter point it may perhaps be objected that the Porte signed a treaty with the viceroy of Egypt. Such was undoubtedly the fact ; but in that case the respective qualities of the contracting parties were carefully specified, one being designated the sovereign, and the other a vassal. In the treaties with the rulers of Montenegro—and such docu ments are numerous—nothing of the kind is to be seen. The Montenegrin ruler always treats with the pachas of the Herzegowine and with the Porte precisely as an independent sovereign would have a right to do. It is from this peculiarity of posi tion that Prince Danilo has probably the best chance of bringing his arrangements with the Porte to a successful issue." RUSSIA. The Nord of Brussels states in the reply of the Cabinet of St. Petersburg to the circular despatch of M. de Scheele Russia recommends Denmark to display deference and conciliatory dispositions to wards the great German Powers, and engages her to discuss the question with Germany in a direct manner, without heightening the difficulties by any intervention on the part of other parties. The same journal states that, "according to explana tions given by the Danish Government, the major portion of the proceeds of the funds derived from the capitalisation of the Sound dues will be em ployed in paying off the two loans contracted in London in 1849 and 1850, which prove a heavy burden to the country." A letter from St. Petersburg of the 31st ult. says : —" A grand ball was given the night before last by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, which was honoured by the presence of the Emperor. The Prince of Mecklenburg was likewise present. The Emperor. conversed some time with Prince Gortschakoff, go vernor of the kingdom of Poland. A grand review of the Imperial Guard took place yesterday in front of the winter palace. The weather was very favour able for the evolutions, which attracted a large crowd of spectators. The merchants of St. Peters burg have given an order to the sculptor Pimenoff for a statue in white marble of the Emperor Nicho las, which will be placed in the grand ball of the Exchange." PRUSSIA. Accounts from Berlin state that immediately after the holidays, the - Upper Chamber will discuss the bill on the increase of the salt tax, which mea sure, it is anticipated, will encounter serious oppo sition. A letter from Berlin, in the Constitutionnel, says :—"ln consequence of the great amount of foreign bank notes which appeared at the late fair at Frankfort, the Minister of Commerce has re quested the elders of the Corporation of Commerce of Berlin to give their opinion on the measure pro posed by the Government for interdicting the cir culation of all foreign bank notes in Prussia. This news has produced considerable sensation at the Bourse." A letter from Frankfort, in the Zeit of Berlin, says :—" An arrangement had been concluded on the 22d March, 1856, by the Wurtemburg govern ment, with the representative of the old non-me diatised lords of Wurtemburg relative to the claims made by the latter, but no definitive result was come to on the subject, in consequence of the op position of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis, ono of the persons principally interested. The Prince has at length adhered, and the affair was submitted to the Germanic Diet. At the last sitting of that body the arrangement was approved of, the Wurtem burg government being requested to carry it into execution, It is therefore probable that a bill on the subject will be shortly presented to the Wur temburg Chambers." THE PRINCIPALITIES. A letter from Vienna of the 4th, in the Bourse Gazette of Berlin, says :—" Accounts from the Principalities state that the elections for the divans have commenced. When the divans shall have been instituted the European plenipoteptiaries will begin their labours. Political schemers have at tempted to influence the elections, but the two caimacans have taken measures for counteracting such designs, and for causing the elections to take place with the strictest impartiality. M. Vogo rides, the caimacan of Moldavia, though person ally opposed to the union, displays remarkable fairness." ITALY. The Chamber of Deputies at Turin, in its sitting of the 6th, passed a bill to empower the govern. ment to lend the ecclesiastical fund a sum of 751,000 fr. in order to enable it to pay the pensions and subsidies due to the clergy of the kingdom. The ecclesias ical fund was created in consequence of the suppression of the monasteries of the kingdom ; it entered into the possession of all the property belonging to those establishments, to the net amount of 1,470,734 fr. per annum, out of which it had to pay pensions to the monks, &c. The administrators of the land have in the count) of three years introduced considerable improvements into the management of the lands entrusted to their care, and increased the annual income by 167,000 f. ; notwithstanding which the budget of •1857 still showed a deficit of 748,500 fr., the net income being 2,508,t960fr., and the expenditure 3,267,508 fr. It was to supply this deficit that the bill in question was brought in ; and it is further in contemplation to unite the ecclesiastical fund administered with the so-called Economato Regio, or royal fund, for ecclesiastical purposes. th e 329 Ver Not acci Nva 3 fet ti 114 d