The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-02-26 00:00:00

Emptrial Varriaintitt. HOUSE OF LORDS.-THURSDAY. Lord RADNOR gave notice, on the part of a noble friend, that on the 14th of March he should propose a resolution to the effect that the present corn-laws had failed to produce that steadiness of price which was essential to the best inte rests of the country. FRANCE AND MEXICO Viscount STRANGFORD gave notice that he should take an opportunity of calling the attention of the House to the pre sens state of the relations between France and Mexico. Lord WHARNCLIFFE then put some questions respecting the English pilot who had been captured by Admiral Baudin's squadron off Mexico. Lord MINTO, in answer, said he could not state whether the pilot had been released. A most handsome and satisfac tory apology had, however, been made, and the greatest har-, mony prevailed between the officers of the two stations. Nothing could exceed the courtesy of Admiral Baudin. In answer to a question from Lord Ellenborough, Earl MINTO said, he had always disapproved of the circumstance, but Admiral Baudin had made every reparation in his power. Lord LYNDHURST hoped all the papers on the subject would be laid before the House. GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE WITH THE AFFAIRS OF SPAIN. Lord LONDONDERRY moved for papers relating to the in terference of the government in the war in Spain. He in quired of Lord Melbourne whether, in what he had before stated, he had exaggerated the discomfiture and disgrace which our troops had met with in that distracted country ? The expense which we had been put to in carrying on that war had amounted to £569,169, besides the loss of 8000 men. He wished, therefore, to know•whether the government in tended to pursue the same system as they had hitherto done, and continue to expend life and treasure in carrying on a war that was so much deprecated by all civilized nations ? After the discussions which had taken place last year on this matter, he had been credibly informed that her majesty's government had, through the medium of Lord J. Hay, opened a commu r nication with the Spanish fleet for furnishing a considerable supply of stores and cannon from this country. He alluded to the speeches from the throne since the sear 1834, as hav ing contained distinct declarations that the British govern ment would afford aid to the Queen of Spain ; and again, in the speech made from the throne by her present majesty soon after her accession, those declarations were renewed. Her majesty, in her speech in 1837, said, " I lament that civil war still afflicts the kingdom of Spain. I continue to execute with fidelity the engagements of my crown with the Queen of Spain, according to the stipulations of quadruple alliance." But he came now to her majesty's speech of this session, in which her majesty said, " I lament the continuance of the civil war in Spain, which engages my anxious and undimi nished attention." There was a great difference between this and the former speeches ; there was indeed nothing more in it than the actual lamentations of Jeremiah. (A laugh.) Af ter such enormous expense had been incurred, were we to hear our young and powerful queen declaring, that in spite of five years unmitigated excitement and anxiety, her govern ment were not enabled to tell us what course they meant to take ? Were they still determined to act up to the stipula tions of the quadruple treaty, that this country should fur nish supplies to such a chief as Muniagorri ? or would they not pursue a wiser, and still more prudent course ? He had stated the expense which this country had been put to in consequence of the war, and if it were carried on on the same scale, how, he would ask, was it to be paid for? Would the country be satisfied with such proceedings ? He found that the just and right claims of the British Legion still remained unpaid, and he should like to know whether the noble viscount (Melbourne) really believed that the Spanish go vernment, according to promises that had been made at a certain office in this city, merely, as he thought, for the pur poses of delay, would settle them, or that there was any pro bability of their ever being settled ? But, if he recollected rightly, a noble duke near him had said that the war in Spain appeared to him to be a mere stock-jobbing concern, and if what he (Lord Londonderry) had recently heard were true, there were negotiations now going on in the city for a fresh loan to the queen, under false pretences. He did not mean to charge the noble viscount's government with being directly or indirectly a party to such proceedings, though, if he were to judge of the morality of Downing-street by the specimens that had been lately exhibited in the public journals, he should trust them but little in this respect. (A laugh.) Lord MELBOURNE replied to the noble marquis, and after some discussion the house adjourned at seven o'clock. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-MONDAY. Mr. CREsswELL_presented two petitions from the mayor and corporation of Liverpool, one praying for leave to bring in a bill to amend the law relative to courts of request, and the other praying for leave to bring in a bill to amend the church building act of that town. Mr. AGLIONBY brought up a report from the committee on private bills, finding that the standing orders had been complied with the case of the London and Birmingham rail way bill, and the Rugby and Warwick road bill. Leave was given to bring in the bills. A great number of petitions for private bills were presented, and referred to the committee on private bills. Petitions for and against the repgal of the corn-laws, and on other subjects, were also presented. Mr. M. PHILIPS presented a petition from the Preston and Wyre railway company, praying for leave to bring in a bill to extend their line. THE CASE OF MR. D. W. HARVEY. Mr. WYNNE brought up the report of the select committee appointed on Mr. Harvey's case, which was to the following effect :—Resolved, that the committee consider that under the provisions of the 6th of Anne, chap. 7, 41 George 111., chap. 52, and 1 and 2 Victoria, chap. 79, the office of registrar of hackney carriages is a new office of profit under the crown, within the intent and meaning of the said acts: that Mr. D. W. Harvey has accepted the said office, and has thereby va cated his seat. Mr. WYNNE said t'he decision of the committee was unani mous, and they were assisted by the law officers of the crown ; under these circumstances, unless any hon. gentleman wished for time in order to induce the house to come to a different conclusion, he thought it due to the electors of the borough of Southwark not to keep them without a representative for that borough any longer, and he therefore moved that a new writ be now issued. On the question being put - that the motion be agreed to, Mr. HUME said he had no hesitation in expressing his con currence in the opinion of the committee, and the question appeared to him as plain a one as could possibly be submit ted.• (Hear.) He rose only to state that there had been many instances of members of that house receiving the pub lic money, and being appointed to public offices, without va cating their seats, and without any notice being taken of it, and it would appear that the objection in the present case was directed against Mr. Harvey. (Cries of " Hear, hear," from the ministerial benches, and " No, no," from the oppo sition.) He hoped that the rule which had now been enforced would in future be rigidly observed, and that there would be no ground henceforth given for any imputation as to the par tiality of the house, for there was nothing so important as that strict impartiality should be observed in their procedings, and no person ought to be injured by that house on account of his political opinions. There was no doubt this was a very hard case as to Mr. Harvey, who, however, had frankly avowed that whatever might be the decision of that house, he would avoid putting them to any embarrassment or un certainty. Mr. WARD, as one of the committee, felt bound to say the case was so clear, and the facts so settled, that there was not the slightest shadow of a shade of doubt upon the subject, and the committee deemed that they were only discharging a public duty in putting an end to the uncertainty with regard to the borough of Southwark, by the report which they had presented. Mr. AGLIONBY would not have said a word but for the assertion of the hon. gentleman who had just sat down, that there was not a shadow of a shade of doubt among the com mittee—(a laugh)—which was not strictly correct, for he (Mr. Aglionby) had suggested a doubt, which doubt he still felt, although on the committee he had submitted to a supe rior legal authority, whether there was not a distinction be tween the acceptance of an office to which a salary was at the time of its acceptance attached, and the acceptance of an office to which there was only a contingent and uncertain salary. In this latter case he did not think that, as the Court of Queen's Bench could not grant a mandamus, nei ther did the rule of vacating the seat in that house apply. Sir R. PEEL wished the hon. member would name the in dividuals to whom he alluded. Mr. HUMS said that the member for Kilmarnock, the member for Dundee, and about a dozen other gentlemen might be named. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he felt it to be his duty to say a few words on the subject. He might, per haps, not express himself so clearly on the subject as if he had been present the other night—but he believed there could be no doubt of the fact, that before the election the hon. gentleman had applied on the subject of the appointment, when he, was informed that the re-appointment would take place as a matter of course under the woods and forests, or under the authority of the Treasury. With regard to gentle men accepting the Chiltern Hundreds, which was constantly occurring, gentlemen were in the habit of applying for the stewardship to the Chiltern Hundreds, and between making of the appointment and the acceptance of the office a delay of two or three days frequently took place, and yet there is no instance of a new writ being moved for by that house during this interval on the ground of appointment to the office. In fact it was the acceptance of the office, and not the making out of the appointment, that brought the law into operation. If irregularity had occurred, he (the Chancellor of the Ex chequer) was responsible for it, and it arose out of an uncer tainty as to what department it should be referred to. Mr. JERVIS certainly would not have mentioned the case at all if the right hon. gentleman had not wished to know if there had been any case at all analagous to it. (Much laugh ter, and cries of "hear, hear.") Whether he might be right or wrong he really had no motion. He contended that the Chancellor of the Exchequer had no authority to give the office ; he merely recommended the appointment to the crown, by whom the office was granted, and he subsequently signified his approval in the usual manner. Although the appointment was made in March, the office was not legally given until the patent was actually made out. It seemed to him, therefore, that if they were to act with strict impar tiality, and seek to subject the hon. member to penalties for every vote he had given, that some further inquiry was neces sary. The motion was then agreed to. CRIME IN IRELAND. Mr. SHAW gaire notice that on 7th March he should move for papers relating to the state of Ireland, particularly copies of any reports and ' communications respecting crime and out rage in that country. GRAND JURIES. Mr. PRYME gave notice that he should, on the 7th March, move for leave to bring in a bill to abolish grand juries in England and Wales. (Laughter.) PROTECTION OF SHIPS FROM LIGHTNING. An hon member gave notice that, on the 26th instant, he should move for a select committee to inquire into the state ments of Captain Harris, on the subject of the protection of ships from lightning. LORD LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND. Mr. HUME gave notice that, on Tuesday next, he should move a resolution that no more lord lieutenants should be appointed for Ireland. IRISH MEDICAL CHARITIES. In answer to a question from Colonel CONOLLY, Lord MORPETH said it was not in the contemplation of her majesty's government to introduce any proposition re specting the Irish medical chanties. The bill passed in the course of last session, to connect the administration of the medical charities with the poor laws, it was not intended to modify or repeal. ECCLESIASTICAL DUTIES AND REVENUES. Mr. GOULBOURN wished to ask the noble lord, the secre tary for the home department, what course he intended to pursue on Monday next, with respect to the bills which stood for that day, particularly the ecclesiastical duties and reve nues' bill. Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that he intended to move the second reading on that day, then make a statement as to the objects of the bill. Mr. GOULBOURN said that the day proposed for the second reading had not allowed sufficient time for the consideration of the bill. Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that three or four years had elapsed since the report of the commission was made. He certainly did not think Monday next too short a notice, be cause it was, in fact, a notice of four years. Mr: WYNNE thought sufficient time would not be allowed to . set up petitions on the subject.. - JOHN RUSSELL, 1 . 0 answer to a question sa id, th ere Ime alteration in the ecclesiastical duties bill of b._ -1 p .1 7 ' --:',e/r4;; • A.7i-V ) -.No -••••-• ..;:''ic, .v : ( la i" \-,-. - POSTAGE. led whether Chancellor of the Exi chequer intended to bring forward any measure for the reduc tion of postage. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he should not introduce any measure until he had seen the report of the select committee on the subject. kto ••-j TAXES ON INTERNAL COMMUNICATION. Mr. GILLON proceeded to bring forward the motion of which he had given notice. The first class with which he in tended to deal, was the assessed taxes ; the second, the duty on the hire of carriages ; third, mileage duty on stage coaches ; fourth, their license duty ; fifth, the assessed taxes on coach guards ; sixth, the duty on draught horses. The gross amount he thought he should be able to reduce, was £823,828. The next point was with reference to the modes of conveyance that were not taxed, or at least not equally taxed. As hon. members must be aware, a new power of conveyance had arisen, and was fostered by being lightly taxed. He alluded to steam, which in the shape of railroads or steam-boats, conveyed persons from place to place in large numbers, and yet that species of communication was only taxed at about one-eighth of a penny a mile, while that upon other modes of conveyance, by stage coaches, was three times that amount. As an instance of that, he would advert to what had taken place on the London and Greenwich Rail way, in the year 1836 that railway had carried no less than 1,200,000 passengers, and all the duty that they had paid, agreeable to their composition, was £4OO, while the stage coach proprietors had paid upwards of £6OOO. In consequence of this state of things, numerous petitions had been presented complaining of the grievances under which the petitioners laboured, and praying the house to adopt some means for their relief, stating that unless they did so it would be impos sible for them to compete with the railroads and other means of communication. One of the great coach proprietors, who had been examined before the committee to which he had referred, had stated that unless some alteration was made, the stage coach business would be entirely put an end to. The hon. gentleman proceeded to read much of the documentary evidence from the report of the committee on this subject, of last year, and stated that it was his convic tion, if a preference should be given to any mode of commu nication between one place and another, that preference should be given in favour of such communication as had animal power for its principle. When railroads would be crossing this country in all points, and the old roads had fallen into decay, the public would be completely at the mercy of the shareholders of such speculations. One of the great advantages which railroads possessed, he was ready to admit, was the speed and cheapness by which they enable a person to go to any particular place ; but this only so far as it was from point to point. If one had to go in a cross direction they were of no use. He would wish to see the taxes taken off, he confessed, altogether ; but if that was not feasible he thought they ought to be equalised in such a manner that the railroad proprietors alone should not enjoy a monopoly at the public expense. What he intended at present moving was, that the whole house should resolve itself into a com mittee, for the purpose of considering this matter., Mr. HINDLEY seconded the motion. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER declared that it was his intention in the course of the present year, to intro duce a bill to correct many of the inconveniences to which his honourable friend had adverted. The existing inequality of taxation onght not to be continued ; as soon as the finan cial accounts of the year permitted, he should introduce a bill on this subject. The right honourable gentleman, how ever, hinted that the inconvenience would be corrected, not by taking off duties, but by the imposition of additional du ties on railroads and steam-boats. Mr. WARBURTON hoped that all persons interested in railroads and steam-boats would take the alarm. The hon. gentleman contended, that it was of the greatest benefit to the revenue to provide for the public the cheapest means of communication ; and if they placed new taxes on railroads they would interfere with the people taking fresh air, and cause a diminution of that revenue which was now increasing. The increase of steam communication had added to the re venue, and yet the post-horse duty had not diminished. Mr. HUME had not understood the right honourable gen tleman to have talked of any new duty ; and he for one thought there should be a reduction rather than an increase. Mr. EASTHOPE observed that a heavy tax was laid upon, and had already been paid by many, railroads, whilst no re turn had been made to the proprietors on their outlay ; and if, before the capital invested was allowed to produce anything like a fair return, the taxes upon those undertakings were to be increased, they should at least be immediately told so. He hoped that there would be no disturbance of the large and important interests engaged in providing railway com munication ; but if there was such an intention, he trusted that the house would not be a day longer without receiving a specific notice from the Chancellor of the Exchequer of his, intentions. Sir ROBERT PEEL feared that they could do nothing for the postmasters by equalization, for if they took off one-half penny a mile from the post-horse duty, and charged one penny a mile on roalroads, they would not bring both classes to the same state. The right hon. baronet pointed out the advantage of railroads to those whose capital consisted in labour, by enabling them cheaply and quickly to transfer their labour from one place to another. He laboured to im press the house with the importance of railroads in abridging labour, and increasing the wealth of the country, and by consequence, the revenue. The motion was withdrawn. COPYHOLD AND CUSTOMARY TENURES Mr. JAMES STEWART rose to move for leave to bring in a bill to enfranchise property held under copyhold and custom ary tenures, and recapitulated the advantages of which such a measure would be productive. HANOVERIAN DUTIES. Mr. M. PHILIPS' presented a petition from the merchants and manufacturers in Manchester, complaining of the in jurious effects of those duties. Mr. Hurl', after a long speech, moved the following reso lution :—That this house had seen with regret the conduct of the King of Hanover, in regard to the duties levied by the authority of his .maje sty at Stade, on British vessels and car goes, and that this house is of opinion, that no foreign power should be permitted to levy on British shipping or commerce any tolls, dues, or charges whatever, till its right to do so has been first clearly andfully established. Lord' PALMERSTON insisted that there could be no doubt as to the right of the Hanoverian authorities to levy these duties ; but said that the government had been for some time past, and were still, in communication with the Hanoverian government on the subject. Mr. A. WHITE observed, that nothing could be more un just than that British ships should be subjected by the Hanoverian government to burdens from which vessels, the property of Hanoverians, were free when they came to England. He was glad to find that the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs had the subject under his consideration, but he must be allowed to say, that if the Hanoverian go vernment persevered in such practices, the British govern ment ought to retaliate. Mr. P. THOMSON obtained leave to bring in a bill to pro vide for the copyright of designs for articles of manufacture, and a bill for extending the copyright of designs for calico printing to other woven fabrics. LORD DURHAM'S EXPENSES. Colonel SIETHORP moved for returns relative to the ex penses occasioned by Lord Durham's mission to Canada. After a short, but amusing discussion, better, however, to hear than to read, the gallant member withdrew his motion ; and a return was ordered, on the motion of Mr. Rice, " of all the expenses incurred in the mission of the Earl of Dur ham as High Commissioner and Governor General of Canada, distinguishing every salary paid to him as such, and all the expenses paid and incurred in his passage to and from the seat of his government." Mr. W. BARRON obtained leave to bring in a bill for con solidating and reforming the ecclesiastical courts of Ireland. Mr. F. MAULE obtained leave to bring in a bill for regu lating the metropolitan police courts. The house adjourned at a quarter past eleven o'clock. HOUSE OF LORDS.-FRIDAY. INSULT TO THE BRITISH FLAG. The Earl of MINT° read the following extract from a dispatch of Commodore Douglas, on the subject of the late insult to the British flag :—" I have also had the satisfaction of receiving an explanation from the French Admiral Baudin on the subject of the pilot who was taken out of her majesty's express packet, the affair having taken place entirely in a mistake on the part of the Prince de Joinville, and the French admiral has communicated with his government respecting it." MURDER OF LORD NORDURY The Earl of RODEN inquired whether the government of Ireland had received any information likely to lead to the detection of the murderer of the Earl of Norbury, whether any persons were in custody on the charge, and whether there was any reason to expect that the alarming conspiracy against life and property in Ireland was likely to be disco vered and suppressed. The Earl of NORMANBY answered the first question in the affirmative. There were three persons in custody, on suspicion, but he could not say in what manner the investi gation was likely to terminate. As to the third question, the government, though always anxious to receive any evidence of a conspiracy, did not at present attribute the murder of Lord Norbury to any such cause. STATE OF THE NAVY. Lord COLCHESTER moved for a series of returns regarding the state of the navy since 1819, the number of men, the number of ships in commission, &c., and he did so for the purpose of showing the real state of that service at the pre sent time, and to prove that it was in a most inefficient condition. . _ Lord MINTO admitted that the navy, being required for a state of peace, was not maintained on a war scale, but main tained that it was now in a more efficient condition than it had been for some years. After an extended, but rather desultory discussion, in which Lords MELVILLE and MELBOURNE took part, the motion was agreed to, thepapers ordered, and their lordships adjourned till Monday. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-FRIDAY. Sir G. Grey (re-elected) and Mr. Maxwell took the oaths and their seats for Devonport and Cavan. FACTORIES BILL. Lord ASHLEY inquired whether the hon. member opposite (Mr. F. Maule) intended to move the second reading of the Factories Act Amendment Bill, on Monday, it standing in the orders for that day. Mr. Fox MAULE answered, that if the opportunity pre sented itself he should certainly bring it forward. A noble friend had an important motion for that night, which might occupy considerable time ; but if he could not bring it for ward before 10 o'clock on that night, he should not deem it right to move the order on that evening. The Prisons (Scotland) Bill was forwarded a stage. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, in a committee of supply, moved a grant for the transfer of aids to the amount of £2,000,000, which was agreed to. Mr. HAWES moved the second reading of the " Affirma tions Bill." Mr. GOULBURN, Sir R. INGLIS, the RECORDER, Sir R. PEEL, &c., strongly resisted it, as cAlculated to endanger life and property, by weakening securities gained by oaths with juries and witnesses. Mr. GIBSON, Mr. O'CONNELL, Lord MORPETH, the SOLICITOR-GENERAL, &c., supported it, contending that by disregarding the conscientious scruples of persons evidence was lost, and great injury was done both to principle and property. The house divided on it ; but the bill was lost—by ayes 93—noes 125—majority against it 32. The result was re ceived with much cheering.—Adjourned. OXFORD MUSICAL FESTIVAL.—The Triennial Musical Festival, which was postponed last year in consequence of the coronation, will take place at the ensuing commemora tion, on Tuesday, the 11th, Wednesday, the 12th, and Thurs day the 13th of June. Arrangements are being made on the grandest scale, and will in a short time be announced.-ox ford Herald. APPREHENSION OF THE EARL OF STIRLING.—The Earl of Stirling has been apprehended at Edinburgh on suspicion of being accessory to the forgery of certain documents in a cause now pending, and has been undergoing an examination previous to his commitment for trial, if the suspicions, so far as he is personally concerned, be not removed. If these documents be proved to be forgeries, not only are they vari ous and extensive, but of an extraordinary character, and must have been designed and executed by impostors of rare talent, skill, and dexterity.—Abridyed from a Scotch paper. We understand that the notice which Mr. F. A. Phillips thought it is duty to take of ,the recent collision between the Grand Junction, and Liverpool and Manchester Railway trains, has led the directors to adopt some new bye-laws, to which the proper legal sanction is about to be sought. The public ought to be obliged to Mr. P. for the trouble he has taken to secure a rigorous examination, on the'part - of both boards of direction, into all the circumstances of the accident, which was of a kind that travellers should be protected against if possible.---Mancheder Guardian. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL INTELLIGENCE. (From the Oxford Herald.) LINCOLN COLLEGE.—Four Scholarships, and one Exhibi tion, on the Foundation of Lord Crewe, will be filled up on Tuesday, March 19. The Scholarships are without limitation as to place of birth.—Candidates for the Exhibition must be natives of the diocese of Durham ; or in default of such, of Northallertonshire or Howdenshire, in the county of York ; of Leicestershire, and particularly of the parish of Newbold Verdon ; or of the counties of Oxford and Northampton.— The usual testimonials are to be presented toThe Sub-Rector, on or before Thursday, March 14, accompanied, in the case of the Exhibition by an affidavit of the place of birth. In a Convocation, holden on Wednesday last, Henry Denison, Esq., 8.C.L., Fellow of All Souls' College, was unanimously elected to a Fellowship on Mr. Viner's founda tion, vacant by the marriage of Mr. Crimps, of Trinity Coll. In the Convocation holden oil Thursday last, the nomina tion of Nicholas Pocock, M.A., of Queen's College, to the office of Public Examiner in Disciplinis Mathew; tide et Physicis, was unanimously approved. In a Convocation holden at the same time the following Degrees were conferred : BACHELOR IN DIVINITY. Rev. Richard Lane Freer, Christ Church. MASTERS OF ARTS. Chas. Rowland Strickland, Trinity Coll. grand compounder. Rev. Herbert George Adams, Christ Church. Gordon Whitbread, Brasennose College. Frederick Pyndar Lowe, Fellow of Magdalen College. BACHELORS OF ARTS. John Edward Lemuel Schrieber, Balliol College. Rev. Richard James Francis Thomas, Christ Church. George Peloquin Graham CoSserat, Exeter College. A Convocation will be holden on Wednesday, March 6, at twelve o'clock, for the purpose of electing a Scholar on Mr. Viner's foundation, in the room of Henry Denison, of All Souls' College, 8.C.L., recently elected to a Fellowship on the same foundation. At a meeting of the Board of Heads of Houses and Proc tors, on Monday last, it was resolved that Wednesday, the 12th of June, be the day fixed for the Commemoration. The Examiners appointed by the Trustees of , the Mathe matical Scholarships, have given notice, that an examination will be holden on Wednesday, the 13th of March, for the election of a Scholar on that foundation. Candidates are to call on Mr. Anstice, at Christ Church, on Wednesday, the 6th of March, between twelve and two o'clock. The Professor of poetry will read his Terminal Lecture, on Tuesday, the 12th of March, in the Clarendon, at two o'clock. On Friday, the 15th instant, the Rev. W. Buckland, D.D. Canon of Christ Church, and Professor of Geology, in this University, was unanimously elected President of the Geolo gical Society of London. Dr. Buckland held the same honourable office in the years 1824, 1825. The Rev. Walter Augustus Shirley, M.A., late Fellow of New College, has been instituted, on his own petition, to the Rectory of Brailsford, Derbyshire, void by the death of John Gardiner, D.D. Mr. John Hall, of Brasenose College, has been admitted an Exhibitioner of that Society, on the Foundation of Mr. Hulme. On Monday last the following gentlemen were elected Scholars of University College :—Mr. Joseph Cox Algar, of University College, on the Bennet Foundation ; Mr. Louis Page Mercer, of Trinity College, and Mr. William Bolland, from Sherborne School, on the Open Foundation; and Mr. Joseph Robertson Moorsom, from Rugby School, on the Yorkshire Foundation. Lately was married, at Blissworth, Northamtonshire, the Rev. James F. Egerton Warburton, M.A., late of Brasennose College, Rector of Lymn-with-Warburton, Cheshire, to Anne, daughter of George Stone, Esq., of Blissworth. On Sunday se'nnight died, in the 85th year of his age, the Rev. Samuel Langley, M.A., of Worcester College, and for 49 years Rector of Checkley, in Staffordshire. He was the only surviving son of the late Rev. Samuel Langley, D.D., of Pembroke College ; was matriculated of Worcester Col lege, May 11, 1770; and proceeded M.A. July 8, 1780. On Monday week died, at his house in the Circus, Bath, in his 67th year, the Rev. Thomas Falconer, formerly Fellow of Corpus Christi College, and latterly a Physician in Bath. He was the only son of the late Dr. Falconer, of Bath, him self a well-known physician, and the author of many pam phlets on scientific subjects. His grandfather was a barris ter, and Recorder of Chester. Thomas Falconer was born at Bath, elected Scholar of Corpus in 1788, being then 16 : he proceeded B.A. Nov. 15, 1791; M.A. Jan. 22, 1795 ; havinc , previously succeeded to a Fellowship in his College, which he afterwards vacated by marriage. Mr. Falconer was the author of several pamphlets, and is generally considered as the editor of the Oxford Strabo, which, however, was, in a great measure, prepared for the press by Mr. Halliwell, of Brasennose, and subsequently completed and published by Falconer. Among many other things, he translated and printed the Voyage of Hanno, with the Greek Text, and Ex planations from the Accounts of Modern Travellers, 1797 : Discourse on the Catholic Bill, 1809. In 1810 he preached the Bampton Lecture Sermons, which were published the following year, under the Title of " Certain Principles in Evanson's Dissonance of the Four Evangelists examined." In 1822 Mr. Falconer proceeded Bachelor and Doctor in Medicine, and, from that time to his decease, resided at Bath, where he was much respected. J. Clark, B.A. of Christ's College, Cambridge, has been elected a Fellow of that Society, on the Finch and Baines Foundation. PROMOTIONS The Lord Bishop of Lincoln has appointed the following Clergymen Rural Deans in the southern part of his diocese : —The Rev. George Bloomfield, Rector of Stevenage, for the Deanery of Hitchin ; the Rev. Henry Morrice, Vicar of Ash well, and the Rev. Henry Pepys, Rector of Westmil, for the Deanery of Baldock. The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos has been pleased to appoint the Rev. Charles Shrubsole Bonnett, M.A. of Sid ney College, Cambridge, and Rector of Airington, Hants, to be one of his Grace's Domestic Chaplains. Rev. G. Payne, to be Chaplain to the Weymouth Union Poor-house. _ The Rev. W. L. Nichols has resigned the Curacy of St. James's, Bath, in consequence of having been nominated Minister of Trinity church by the Rector of Walcot. Rev. L. Walton, to the Perpetual Curacy of Wendling, Norfolk ; patron, the Earl of Leicester. Rev. G. Cotterill, B. A to the Vicarage of Earlham, with Bowthrope annexed, Norfolk. The Rev. J. Clark, Curate of Leeds, and Domestic Chap lain to the Right Hon. General Lord Howden, G.C.8.,K.C. has been presented to the Incumbency of Rawcliffe, in the county of Lancashire. The Lord Lieutenant of Jreland has appointed the Rev. G. Nason, to the Living of Athern, in the Diocese of Cloyne, county of Cork, vacant by the elevation of the Hon. and Rev. L. Tonson to the Episcopal See of Killaloe. The Rev. W. Deey, B.A. of Trinity College, Dublin, Chaplain of the South metropolitan Cemetery, at Norwood, has been elected to the Living of St. Thomas's Church, Southwark, which is in the gift of the Governors of St. Thomas's Hospital. The valuable Livinc , of Sutton-with-Mepal, vacant by the death of the Rev. J. e 'Leathes, has been divided into two, by the Lord Bishop of Ely. These Livings are in the gift of Rev. Edmund Sparke, Rector of the two parishes of Feltwell and Vicar of Littleport, in right of his stall in the Cathedral Church of Ely. We understand he has presented his father in-law, the Rev. W. Newcome, of Hockwold Hall, near Brandon, to the Living of Sutton ; and has presented that of Mepal, to his relative, the Rev, Mr. Daubeney.—Northamp ton Herald. Rev. Thomas Ludlam, M.A. of St. Peter's Coll. Cambridge, to the Vicarage of Ellington, Hunts, vacant by the death of the Rev. F. Jefferson. THE NEW ART OF SUN PAINTING. While France and England contend for the power of this new invention, let the following contrast of the conduct of the claimants be placed in parallel : " M. Daguerre's ingenious discovery, which has assumed the name of Daguerrotype,' continues to excite great curio sity and admiration. It is affirmed that the Emperor of Russia has offered 500,000 f. for his secret, and that he has declined the munificent reward. It is not likely that his friend, M. Arago, will succeed in obtaining a larger national one from the Chambers."—From a Paris letter in the Post. M. Daguerre had better secure what he can for his dis covery at once, as Mr. Talbot, his English competitor, is determined to make no secret of his plan, which was detailed at the last meeting of the Royal Society. We give it as con cisely as we can : " The subject divides itself into two heads, the preparation of the paper, and the means of fixing the design. To make what Mr. Talbot calls ordinary photogenic paper, he selects paper of good firin quality and smooth surface ; none answers better than superfine writing paper. He dips it into a weak solution of common salt, and wipes it dry, by which the salt is uniformly distributed throughout its substance. He then spreads a solution of nitrate of silver on one surface only, and dries it at the fire. The solution should not be saturated, but six or eight times diluted with water. When dry, the paper is fit for use for all ordinary photegenic purposes. Nothing can be more perfect than the images it gives of leaves and flowers, especially with a summer's sun, the light passing through the leaves, and delineating every ramification of their nerves. If a sheet of paper, thus prepared, be taken and washed with a saturated solution of salt, and then dried, it will be found, (especially if the paper has been kept some weeks before the trial is made) that its sensibility is greatly diminished, and, in some cases, seems quite extinct ; but, if it be washed again with a liberal quantity of the solution of silver, it becomes again sensible to light, and even more so than it was at first, In this way by alternately washing the paper with salt and silver, and drying it each time, Mr. Tal bot increases the susceptibility of the paper.." • With regard to fixing the images, Mr. Talbot, after re peated experiments, finds, that if a photogenic picture be washed over with iodide of potassium much diluted with water, an iodide of silver is formed, which is absolutely un altered by sunshine. This process requires caution : for, if the solution is too strong, it attacks the dark part of the picture. Mr. Talbot's usual method of fixing consists in immersing the picture in a strong solution of common salt, and then wiping off the superfluous mixture and drying it. If the picture thus washed and dried be placed in the sun, the white parts colour themselves of a pale lilac tint, after which they become insensible. Those preserved by iodine are always of a very pale primrose yellow, which turns to a full gaudy yellow, whenever exposed to the fire, and recovers its former colour when cold. Pictures with this prepared paper are taken, in the ordinary manner, with the camera obscura. Sir John Herschel has, since the discovery was made known, turned his attention to this subject, and has already obtained the pictures from the light of Daniell's great gal vanic battery; , Sir David Brewster, too, has taken up the investigation. A SUBSTITUTE FOR STEAM.—An ingenious mechanic (Mr. William Dupe, of this city,) has discovered a substi tute for steam for propelling wheel carriages and ships. The invention, which is a very simple one, acts by condensed air. It is calculated it will not cost more than one-third of the expense to work it, and will take up a much smaller space than a steam-engine. A model of this invention has beeu shown to several scientific gentlemen of the University and City, who have given their decided approbation of it.— Oxford Chronicle. THE WILL OF MR. JAMES WOOD, OF GLOUCESTER.—In the elaborate judgment, delivered, on Thursday, by Sir H. Jenner, the judge of the Prerogative Court, in the long pending cause relating to the testamentary papers of the late Mr. James Wood, the wealthy banker, of Gloucester, the court pronounced against the validity of every one of the papers propounded as testamentary, which is, in effect, that the deceased had died intestate. The consequence of this decision is to give the whole personal property, amounting to nearly a million, to two second cousins, as the nearest of kin to Mr. Wood ; and the real property, estimated to be of the value of £250,000, to the heir at law, who was not a party in the cause, and is not even known. Notice of appeal was given immediately after the conclusion of the judgment. The embarrassment of the great house of Cockerill, at Liege, have been known for some time past. It was com pelled at length to come to a suspension of payments, and to petition the government for assistance, exhibiting a balance sheet of 12,000,000 f. of debt, with assets to the amount of 18,000,000 f. A considerable proportion of these assets' was of course in the nature of dead stock, such as manufac tories, workshops, and machinery, which for the moment, and even for a considerable time, must have been unavailable. Under these circumstances, and to prevent the dischirge of several thousand of workmen who- must have been thrown out of bread, it is understood that,the Government has . .come to the assistance of the house, so- as to enable it to continue its operations under the superintendence of two commis. sioners.—Times. THE APPROACHING GREAT STEEPLE CHASE AT AINTREE. FRIDAY.—Never before, in the annals of sporting, has any thing like they excitement which now prevails been seen in Liverpool, on the all-engrossing subject of the Great Stee ple Chase. The " Dicky Sams' have been a long time in " coming out," but now they have done so, they are deter mined to let the people know it, and are resolved not to be outdone on this occasion even by rivals more celebrated in this diversion. A strong field is confidently looked forward to ; and when we look at the entry, which comprises no fewer than fifty-five horses, many of them renowned for this sort of up and down work, there can be no doubt but that such will be the result. Eighteen' horses have already ar rived at Aintree, viz : Lord Macdonald's The Nun, Sir Da vid Baird's Pioneer, Mr. Ferguson's Daxon, Mr. Ferguson's Rust, Mr. Ferguson's Barkston, Count Bathany's Fury, Mr. Knaresborough's Leander, Mr. Knaresborough's No Mistake, Lord Chesterfield's Paulina, Mr. Robertson's Cramp, Mr. W. Haddy names Cannon Ball, Mr. Williamson names Foreigner, Mr. C. Marshall's Railroad, Mr. Elmore's Lottery, 'Captain Lamb's Vivian, Captain Lamb's Jack, Mr. Bowen names Rambler, Mr. Stephenson's True Blue, and many more are known to be on the move towards the scene of action, and will probably reach their rendezvous this day. The various hotels are likely to be crammed with distinguished visitors from all parts of the United King dom, and it is expected that such a bevy of Nobs as will be present at this chase has not hitherto dazzled the optics of our townsmen. We could name a long score of noblemen whose presence may be considered beyond doubt. We have heard that upwards of 100 beds have been already engaged at the Adelphi Hotel, and the Waterloo and other hotels are likely to be as throng as " four in a bed." The muster from the other side of the channel will be " prodi gious," and amongst them may be expected some of the choicest gems of the Emerald Isle, who no doubt will favour us with a taste of their quality. Betting has been extremely brisk within the last few days, but the game will begin more in earnest when it is better known what horses are likely to go. We subjoin some of the odds as they stood at the time of our going to press.—Chronicle. BETTING. 6 to 1 agst. The Nun 15 to 1 agst. Railroard Bto 1 Rust 20 to 1 Fury 10 to 1 Daxon 20 to 1 True Blue 11 to 1 Seventy-Four 20 to 1 Harkaway 12 to 1 Cannon Ball I 20 to 1 Pioneer 15 to 1 Paulina 30 to 1 Vivian The following is the list of horses entered for this raca : A SWEEPSTAKES of Twenty S4vereigns each, Five So vereigns forfeit, with One Hundred Sovereigns added ; for horses of all denominations, carrying 12 stone each ; gen tlemen riders ; over a line of country within fifteen miles of the town of Liverpool, to be chosen by the umpire or such person as he may appoint. The second horse to save his stake. The ground to be shewn to the riders on the morn ing of the race, by the umpire or his delegate. No rider to open a gate, or to ride through a gateway, or more than one hundred yards along any road, footpath, or driftway. Riders to weigh before going to the ground, for their own security. The winner to pay Ten Sovereigns for expenses. Stakes to be paid previous to starting, or not entitled,.though a winner. The umpire shall have power to appoint such assistants as he may require, and his decisions on all questions that may arise to be final. The Duke of Beaufort names Don Sebastian Sir T. S. M. Stanley names Mr. Lampleaugh's Prickbelt Mr. Thomas Chawnor names Daxou Lord Macdonald's The Nun Sir E. Mostyn's Seventy-four Mr. Stephenson's True Blue Captain Lamb's Jack Mr. Errington names King Cole Lord Waldegrave names Mirth Mr. Williamson names Foreigner Mr. W. M. Stanley Dorchester Mr. W. Sirdetield names Sligo Lord Suffield's Jerry Hon. A. Villier's Mahomet 11r. G. Hawkes' St. Hilary . . Lord Chesterfield names Paulina Mr. Allen M`Donogh names Argerio Mr, A. G. Bowen names Rambler Mr. T. Stanley names Patrick Sir E. Smyth names Vivian Lord Southampton names Sir William Mr. Ellmore's Lottery Mr. Coke names Jacopo Count Bathany's Fury, by Bedlamite Mr. J. Scott names Derrynane Mr. J. Parker names Slashing Harry, 6 years.. ... . ...... Mr. G. O'Moore names Barkston Lord Wilton names The Augean . . Mr. Charles Marshall's Railroad Captain Childe names Conrad Mr. J. M. Corkridge names Guadaloupe Lord Eglinton names Sir David Baird's Pioneer ... Mr. Thomas Speed names Cetus, by Whalebone Mr. Joseph Osborne's Rowena Mr. J. F. Knaresbro's Leander ' Lord Rosslyn names Dacre Mr. C. W. F. Coghlan names Dan O'Connell . Mr. John Devine names Harkaway, by Economist, 5 yrs... Lord Suffield's Zethus Mr. George Blake names Stranger.... ..... . Mr. J. H. Leeche names Charity Mr. H. W. Hornby's Blucher Lord Waterford names Bolivar Mr. Kent names Rust Mr. J. S. Oswell names Dictator Mr. Robertson's Cramp •...... Lord Waterford names Kangaroo Mr. John Capenhurst's Transport Mr. William Haddy names Cannon Ball Mr. Benjamin Collett's The Duenna. Mr. H. M. Blake's Emily Mr. R. Whittle's Revenge Mr. John Solomon names St. Nicholas Mr. F. R. Craven paid forfeit • Lord Segrave paid forfeit A SWEEPSTAKES of Ten Sovereigns each, with Thirty ad.- ded ; 4 years lOst. 121bs„ 5 years 11st. 91bs., 6 and aged 12st. • over a sporting country about two miles. Heats. ' Gentlemen riders. The winner to be sold for 100 sovereigns, if demanded in the usual way. All rules, &c., applicable to the Great Steeple Chase shall be considered equally so to this. Mr. T. Rawlin s br. h. Rex, aged Mr. Thompson's hr. w. by Harry, 4 years Mr. T. Ryan's b. g. Smike, 6 years Mr, Jones's ch. m. Primrose, late Harriet, aged... .... . Mr. M`Donogh's b. h. St- Nicholas, aged Mr. Calaghan's ch. g. The Wanderer, late Hotspur, 5 yrs. Mr. T. Scott's ch. m. Sweetheart, 6 years Mr. Knaresbro's b. g. No Mistake, aged Mr. Webb's The Meteor, aged Mr. Steers Johnson's b. h. Pereverance, late Jim Crow.. [ln our second edition we shall endeavour:to give the re sult, or. at all events, in the third edition,] ALTCAR COURSING MEETING, FRIDAY, FEB. 22. The first day's sport of this celebrated meeting came off on Friday. Lord and Lady Sefton and Lady Craven were on the ground; on horseback, and appeared highly pleased with the coursing. The following is the result of the run- ning : FOR THE CUP, &C. Mr. Moore's brind and w b.Medusa beat Mr. Lowton's r b Lurline Mr. Fellowes' f d Flare-up beat Mr. Shaw's blk d Sibald Mr. Calvert's blk b Courtesy beat Mr. Congreve's blk and w b Cocoa Mr. Swan's blk and w d Sergeant beat Mr. Rigby's blk and w b Rasp Lord Talbot's blk b Titmouse beat Mr. Unsworth's r and w d Ugly Mr. H. Hornby's Hurlyburly beat Mr.lR. Blundell's Blue- • - beard Mr. Alison's r d Arbutus beat Mr. Hinde's r and;w. d Hum ming Top Mr. Clowes' blk and w b Cripple beat Lord Sefton's Maid of Honour _ Flare-up beat Medusa Courtesy beat Sergeant Hurlyburly beat Titmouse Cripple beat Arbutus SEFTON STAKES. Mr. Shaw's r d Sirius beat Mr. Clowes' blk d Combat Mr. Lowton's blk d Leander beat Mr. E. G. Hornby's Husbandman Lord Talbot's blk d Tara beat Mr. Swan's blk and w d Sor- cerer Mr. Calvert's r d Cowboy beat Mr. Congreve's r d Cardinal Sirius beat Leander Tara beat Cowboy CROXTETH STAKES. Mr. H. Hornby's blk d Hemp beat Mr. Shaw's brindb Spes Mr. Swan's br and w b Susannah beat Mr. Lloyd's blk b Laurine Lord Talbot's r b Tide beat Mr. Unsworth's blk and w b Urchin Mr. Clowes' blk b Contest beat Mr. Lowton's bl b Lottery Susannah beat Hemp Tide beat Contest WEST DERBY STAKES. Mr. Swan's blk d Soloman beat Mr. Alison's blk b Ada Mr. H. Hornby's - blk d Herdsman beat Mr. Calvert's r d Coriander Lord Sefton's r b Martha beat Mr. Hinde's br d Harlequin Mr. Kershaw's r b Knickknack beat Mr. N. Blundell's r b Beatrice Mr. Fellowes' f d Fogo beat Mr. Shaw's blk &w d Snodgrass Lord Talbot's r b Thomasina beat Mr. Harper's blk d Horace Mr. E. G. Hornby's r, d Heliotrope beat Mr. Lowton's blk and w b Lady Mr. Lloyd's blk and w b:Lyre beat Mr. Clowes' blk b Crawl Soloman beat Herdsman Knickknack beat Martha Thomasina beat Fogo Heliotrope beat Lyre SATURDAY, FFB. 23. Mr. Moore's brind and w b Medusa won the Cup. Lord Talbot's blk d Combat won the Sefton Stakes. Lord Talbot's r b Tide won the Croxteth Stakes. Mr. Kershaw's r b Knick Knack and Lord Talbot's r b Thomasina divided the West - Derby Stakes. Mr. E. G. Hornby's bl b Howqua won the Sapling. Mr. Congreve's r d Cardinal won the Ditch-in. Mr. Clowe's blk d Combat won the Ackers Holt. Mr. Alison's r d Arbutus won the Altcar Hall. Mr. Kershaw's blk b Knavery and Mr. Blundell's blk d Bluebeard divided Second Class. Mr. Clowe's blk d Crawl won the Hill House. TATTERSALL'S-THURSDAY. THE DERBY. _ _ The room was but moderately filled, and betting not in any respect more interesting than on Monday. The only altera tions necessary to be pointed out relate to Kremlin, Meunier, and Tros, who were severally backed at improved prices. Nothing was done about the favourites, nor was there any violent inclination shown to back Erin-go-Bragh or Zimmer man, although 10 to 1 agst them jointly was offered in good quarters. The prices at the close of a dull afternoon were as follow :- 8 to 1 agst John Day's la Bto 1 Ld. Jersey's bro. - to Bay Middleton (tk 9to 1) 15 to 1 Duke of Rutland's Flambeau (tk 16 to 1) 20 to 1 -- Colonel Peel's Dey of Algiers (tk) 20 to 1 Duke of Cleveland's Kremlin (tk & aft off) 25 to 1 Lord Albemarle's Tros (do) 25 to 1 Lord Jersey's Ilderim (do) 26 to 1 Duke of Richmond's Meunier (tk) 30 to 1 Lord Lichfield's Gulnare colt (tk) 40 to 1 Duke of Grafton's /Ether (tk and aft off) 50 to 1 Sir G. Heathcote's Oronoko (do) 50 to 1 Mr. Wreford's Wapiti (do) 50 to 1 Lord Jersey's Cain colt (tk) 1000 to 15 Mr. Worrall's Peon (tk) 2200 to 20 Mr. Bowes's Roostan (tk) 7to 1 Dey of Algiers, Zimmerman, &Lord Mayor(t) 10 to 1 Zimmerman and Erin-go-Bragh (off) 25 to 1 Hugh Lupus and Bloomsbury (tk) ." Vienna papers announce the death of a man named John Graza, at the age of 120 years, in the county of Zarand, in Transylvania. This Nestor would, according to all appear ances, have lived many years longer, but for the accident which caused his death—viz., falling on a scythe while at work. He has left a son, who bears his own name, upwards of 100 years of age, and a grandson of 80, who has filled the office of seignorial judge. Instances of extreme longevity appear to be common in Transylvania. Too BAD. — Considerable talk and laughter has been cre ated amongst the inhabitants of the parishes of St. Peter at Gowts, and St. Botolph's, in consequence of the circumstance of a female who resides in the last-named parish having, in disguise, (when dressed in man's clothes) and under pretence of love, induced Miss B --y, a young lady of the first-named parish, to accompany her round the banks, &c. by . moonlight. said . that this*fair. has been going on for the last three months, but -- thiti_Miss2B. ! -- : - was totally unaCquainted with the hoax till last week, whe n she was told by some otie who had heard of the eireutastanee.--Lincoln Gazette. • MISCELLANEOUS. The Earl of Clarendon is shortly expected from Madrid, to be married to one of Lord Verulam's daughters. The mercantile body of Cork have formed an " Arbitration Society," to prevent litigation on commercial affairs. The Hon. Marmaduke Langly, of Wykeham Abbey, York shire, has bought the fine estate at Hutton Bushell, of George Osbaldeston, Esq. We regret to state that Sir William Follett is so indisposed —we understand from breaking ablood vessel— as to prevent him attending to his professional duties.—Sun. The non-appointment of a chief judge in the bankruptcy court, and its gradual reduction from four to two, are looked upon as indications of its total abolition. During the tremendous storm of the•7th and Bth ult., we understand that upwards of 12,000. trees were blown down on the estate of Lord Douglas, at Douglas, in Lanarkshire. We understand that the following gentlemen are to have silk gowns :—Mr. Richards, of the common law bar ; and Mr. V. Richards, Mr. Hayter, Mr. Girdlestone, and Mr. Stewart, of the chancery. GAZETTE ANNOUNCEMENTS.-Sir George Grey, Bart. Advocate-General ; Edward Hay Drummond Hay, Esq. President and Senior Member of Council in the Virgin Islands ; and James Walker, Esq. Treasurer of Trinidad. The christening of Lord John Russell's infant daughter, who is to bear the name of Victoria, and to whom her Majesty is to stand sponsor, will it is understood, not take place till the advance of spring. It is stated, as the most effectual method of taking grease out of silk, that if a little powdered magnesia be applied on the wrong side of the silk as soon as the spot is discovered, it is a never failing remedy, the dark spots disappearing as if by magic. The new great seal for Ireland, which has just received the approval of the Queen in council, has on one side a figure of her majesty seated on a throne, supported by two figures of religion and justice, and on the other an equestrian portrait of the Queen, the horse being led by a page in a fancy costume. In the line of the Bristol and Exeter Railway at Long Ashton, the foundation of the wall of an ancient village, about a quarter of a mile in extent, has been discovered. Numerous coins of Constantine and Severus have been dug up, and also numerous domestic utensils. —Manchester Guardian. The opposition to the Manchester and London Extension Railway is likely to be most fierce. The company are desir ous of branching south of Stone, by way of Tamworth, to Rugby. The petition against it has been presented, and, if report be correct, measures sixty-five feet in length. One of the contemplated regulations under the new London police bill is, that the magistrates of the different police offices should sit on Sunday mornings from ten till the time appointed for the commencemoht of divine service, in order to, examine all persons taken into custody on Saturday nights on charges of drunkenness, disorderly conduct, &c. The new Manchester and Leeds mail commenced running on Wednesday. The arrival and departure from each town is thus regulated :—The mail to start from Manchester at 9 a. m., and arrive at Leeds at 1 p. m.; leave Leeds at 10 mi nutes past 1, and arrive in Manchester at 8 minutes past 5. The postoffice delivery here will be about two o'clock.—Man cheater paper. The bayonet-sabre, invented by Captain Thierry, of the French artillery, for arming the Foot Chasseurs, has been unanimously approved of'by the committee appointed to ex amine and report upon it. After many trials, it is acknow ledged to answer completely both as a fixed bayonet and a sword. A fine marble statue of the illustrious Goethe, executed at Milan, by Marchisi at the expense of three citizens of Frank fort, has arrived in that city, which was the great poet's native place. The statue is to ornament the principal room of the public library. We are informed that Loi.d Melbourne is about to publish a new work on chess, in which is fully exemplified the best method of playing the queen, of getting possession of the castle, and of entirely disregarding the old system with regard to the utility and service of the bishops.—Argus. The new regulation of the General Postoffice, as respects mail-coach guards, took effect on the London and Carlisle mail on the 30th ult. This has done away with the custom of passengers paying the guards • they are now paid full wages of £l3O per year, and not allowed, under any excuse, to take any fee whatever,—Lancaster Guardian. The Aberdeen Constitutionalist states that one of its cor respondents has sent it a sample of sugar, made at Macduff, from beet-roof grown in Banffshire. It is retailed here at 8d per lb. The quantity manufactured is about a ton ; but the manufacturer says that next season he will be able to supply any quantity. The sugar is well granulated, very dry, free from smell, particularly white, and tastes like sugar-candy. EXTRAORDINARY MARRIAGE. - Monday se'nnight, at Whalley church, there was celebrated one of the most singu lar marriages ever, we should think, heard of. It was-per formed by the vicar of that village, the parties being Mr. William Whalley, a shoemaker, and Miss Jane Dewhurst. The bridegroom six feet in height, and the bride only thirty inches ! The latter is 30 years of age, and weighs 62 lbs. We regret to announce the death of his Excellency the Count Ludolf, late minister plenipotentiary of his majesty the king of the two Sicilies ,, who expired this (Wednesday) morning, at twenty minutes past five o'clock, at his residence in Gloucester-street, Portman Square, universally regretted by a numerous:circle of friends, at the patriarchal age of 82. The countess is inconsolable for her loss.—Courier. The Cheltenham Free Press mentions that a striking proof of the success that would follow the adoption of Mr. Rowland Hill's plan for a reduction of postage has taken place in Gloucestershire. The postage from Stroud to Nails worth has recently been reduced from fourpence to one penny ; the consequence has been that more than four times the usual number of letters have, on an average, passed through the offices in those places. DISCOVERY OF ANOTHER SUBTERRANEOUS PASSAGE IN THE COUNTY OF TIPPERARY.—A few days ago, a COW was observed by its owner to be sunk in a hole in a field, in the suburban part of the city of Cashel, from which she could not extricate her hind legs. He procured the assistance of some friends, who succeeded in clearing the mould from about her, and relieving the cow from her situation. While digging the earth with a spade, the mouth of a cavity was discovered, which, on being sounded, proved to be between forty and fifty feet deep; a ladder having been procured, several persons descended, and on exploring the place, discovered three arched passages ; one leading towards Cashel, another to wards Kilcoben, and the third in another direction, strongly barricadoed by a metal door, supported on two stone piers ; the vaults are all beautifully arched. The door, we suppose, will be forced in, in order to see were it leads to ; and from the situation of the ancient city of Cashel, we should not be surprised if this new discovery be found to rival the already well-explored and extensive Kingston cave, which is situate between Caen• and Mitchelstown.—Nenagh Guardian. NATIONAL HOLIDAY AND PIRE-ARMS.—On. Sunday .evening, the .Radical chapel at Middleton was crowded to excess, when a Mr. William Benbow, of London, gave a lecture, in which he said the Radicals could not obtain their rights, unless they had a national holiday for one month. They must go armed to the houses of the aristocracy, and ask for provisions ; and if they did not succeed they must go in larger bodies. He knew the Whigs and Tories would take no notice of their petition. He advised them to get fire arms for their own defence, This lecture seemed to give great sa tisfaction to the violent portion of the Middleton radicals, who are daily purchasing fire-arms. Last week, a weaver at Jumbo sold a pig, and bought a gun with the money. Every evening this week, the radicals in various parts of the town have been firing their pistols until a late hour. There are very few of the chartists without guns; and they say that they expect to use them in about a month.—Manchester Guardian. THE GREAT WESTERN.—At a meeting of the Hereford shire Philosophical and Literary Society, on Friday, the 15th inst., Capt. Radford, R.N., speaking on the construction of Noah's ark, said, that "what was very remarkable, it ap peared from calculation that the proportions were precisely the same as those of the Great Western steam-ship of the present day !"—Hereford Journal. In the Kentucky legislature, on the 15th ult., during the consideration of a divorce case, the following resolution was adopted :—" Resolved, that the petition of Miranda Motley be committed to the committee for courts of justice, with instructions to report a bill, making habitual drunkenness a sufficient cause for a divorce in a court of chancery, and that they also inquire into the expediency of authorising the chan cellor to exercise the same controul as over the persons and estates of lunatics." THE MIDDLETON RADICALS. — On Monday evening, the radicals' chapel at Middleton was crowded to excess, when Job Plant, a schoolmaster, from Heywood, gave a lecture on the propriety of having fire -arms ; in the course of which he said, that all those who intended to break their their shuttles and cut up their looms, if the national petition was rejected, must hold up their hands ; and this was done by about three fourths of the parties present. The lecturer added, that he should only wait till the 2d of March. Since the meeting, many are expecting to give up working after the 2d of March. The firing at night still continues.—Manchester Guardian. THE NEXT CROP. — The young wheat plant, says the Mark Lane Express, after emerging from its recent covering of snow, looks strong and healthy ; and, as far as the year has hitherto proceeded, everything is going on favourably, ; in fact a more auspicious winter has rarely been experienced ; and, should the spring and summer prove equally propitious, a greater crop of wheat will be produced next autumn than for many years past. A TALKING CANARY.—Such a marvel is now exhibiting at the Cosmoramo-rooms, in Regent-street. The loquacious canary articulates with singular neatness and fluency, and with as much ease and volubility as he warbles,—though his vocabulary is very limited, of course. In the midst of a snatch of song, you hear him pronounce the words, " Sweet pretty little Dicky," " Pretty Queen," " Dicky dear," and other fond appellations bestowed upon him by his mistress ; he also makes a chirping imitation of a bell ringing, and calls " Mary."—Spectator. BREAK UP OF THE ANTI-CORN-LAW DELEGATES.—The delegation assembled yesterday at Brown's Hotel, Palace yard, Mr. J. B. Smith in the chair. There wa9 , an extremely full meeting. The chairman announced that, at a meeting which had been held that morning of the general committee, a report had been agreed to, and furthermore that it had been resolved, as the best course for their government in their fu ture movements, that each delegate should return and con sult his constituents on the subject. The report went into a detail of the proceedings of the delegates since their arrival in London. After a series of resolutions approving of the report had been passed, and most of the delegates had ad dressed the meeting, it was adjourned sine die.—Morning Herald, Saturday. • LETTER FROM VAN DIEMAN'S LAND.—The following is the extract of a letter which a gentleman in this town lately received from a friend in Van Dieman's Land. It is dated Launceston, Sept. 22, 1838. Speaking of Launceston, he says—" Launceston is the northern capital and the granary —being the best land, and where the most excellent wheat is grown and exported. We have about 5,000 inhabitants, and five places of worship. Your countrymen are very influen tial people here. I was at a ball given by one of them a few weeks since, of the name of Mr. Killop. I assure you we have much pride and luxury on this side of the globe ; many of the shopkeepers run their carriages. Clothes of every description are very high ; we cannot obtain a suit from a tailor for less than £B, and hats are thirty to thirty-five shil lings. House rent is astonishingly high. We pay £6O per annum, that would not be £2O in Lancashire. Provisions are also equally dear : good servants are not to be had ; householders are chiefly supplied by convicts, both male and female. The females are the most difficult to manage : even the best of them will abscond for a whole night, and the next day you find them in the watch-house, then brought be fore the police magistrate, and sent to the house of correction for such a period as the functionary thinks proper. The.men for the least insolence are flogged and sent to work in chains. Here are many convicts who haV'e tickets of leave, which are obtained by serving so many years with credit. They are al lowed to make the best of themselves, and many of them go into business and accumulate riches more rapidly than those who are more respectable. There was a man died here a few months since of the name of Bill Field, leaving property to the amount of £300,000. Many of the free settlers consist of the aristocracy, who are retired officers of the navy and army ; they are quite different -to hard .working farmers at home. There are several men possessing 30,000 acres of land and an equal number of sheep. Wool growing is all the rage—indeed a great portion of the land is fit for nothing else. The island is one continuation of mountains, and Van Die man's Land contains 42.000 inhabitants, of whom 18,000 are convicts." We have three banks, and twa newspapers which are well edited. I' am des from Lancashire, healthy, happy, and well respected. "—Preston chronicle. THE LIVERPOOL GREAT STEEPLE CHASE, A Series of Four highly-coloured ENGRAVINGS, from Pic tures expressly Painted by Mr. G. H. LAPORTE, (Animal and Military Painter to the King of Hanover,) COMPRISING the most Remarkable Incidents of this important Chase, with Accurate Portraits of the Horses and Riders. These Prints will be executed in a style that will ensure the Patronage of all Lovers of till's National Sport, and prove attractive to the Admirers of the Fine Arts. Price of the Set, with Key, to Subscribir £2 12s. 6d. Published by Messrs. FoREs, at their I ,Sporting and Fine Print Repository, 41, Piccadilly, London. Subscribers' Names received by LACEY, 64, Bold-street ; LINNECAR, 5, Ranelagh-street, Liverpool; AGNEW, Manchester ; and all respectable Printsellers. TO CORRESPONDENTS. " H." in our next. The letter of " W. A. H." on the corn-laws we cannot in- sert in its present shape. " Delta" will perceive that we have acceded to his wish. We shall be glad to hear from him again. Our " Literary Notices" shall appear on Friday, when the sermon on " Antichrist," by the Rev. H. M'Neile, shall be reviewed. " God save the Queen," though highly creditable to the talents of " A Youth aged 14," is not sufficiently polished for publication. We are sorry that we cannot make room to-day for the interesting extracts from the Perth (Australia) Gazette, as we anticipated. They shall appear on Friday. The statistical details will be new to most of our readers. ebe Cimino' attanbarb. .11 TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26, 1339. CORN LAWS.—As this important subject will be brought formally before Parliament on the 14th prox imo, by Earl Fitzwilliam, in the House of Lords, and as all parties are at present deeply interested about it, we are anxious to lay before our readers an impartial investigation of its merits and demerits. In entering on the discharge of this weighty duty, we do sincerely desire to divest ourselves, as much as possible, of all party feeling, and proceed with a mind unbiassed, unprejudiced, and unfettered. To do this, we are aware, is by no means easy ; therefore, we take leave to suggest to our readers the propriety of paying more attention to the facts which shall be adduced, than to our arguments, however correct they may be. When we reflect that this question has occupied the attention of men of gigantic intellect, of vast practical knowledge, and, more particularly, the attention of men, who have immense property at stake, and, there fore, who cannot be suspected of any object save and except the general good of the community at large, we cannot but approach its investigation with consi derable diffidence and humility. We shall, therefore, use our best endeavours rather to concentrate and arrange the various data and arguments advanced on both sides of the question, in order that the public may have the best possible opportunity of judging fo r themselves, than take up the time of our readers in perusing our feeble arguments : for we conceive, that to obtrude our opinions and our arguments, rather than furnish the data and facts from which eminent men have drawn their conclusions, would betray an arrogance on, our part, of which we trust we shall never be found guilty. However, we'must confess, that, after serious reflec tion, and after having given the various arguments adduced on both sides of the question careful attention and examination, we have been obliged to come to the following conclusions :- 1. That the evils attributed, by the advocates of a repeal of the corn laws, to those laws, are not justly so attributed. 2. That the repeal of said laws would not remove those evils. 3. That the repeal of said laws would produce far greater evils than those attributedto their existence. Previously to entering on the consideration of these positions, it may be well to remind our readers, that the corn laws were originally established, not for the purpose of enriching land-proprietors, but for the pur pose of—ist, rendering this country independent of foreign support; 2ndly, making her look to her own resources, and encouraging hei own agriculture; and, 3rdly, for securing under all circumstances, a perma nent, adequate, and cheap supply of corn. That these objects have been fully attained we are prepared to substantiate. The wisdom of our ancestors appears to have been, to sacrifice present convenience for future and perma nent good : the wisdom of many at the present day is, on the contrary, to sacrifice future good for present convenience. To the former is to be attributed the present exalted state of this kingdom among the na tions of the . earth; to the latter is to be attributed any embarrassment in which we are now involved: The system of the corn laws was first established in the reign of Charles the Second ; and the prohibition of importing foreign grain was then carried to a much greater extent than at the present day. The act of 1670 gave unlimited permission to export, till the price reached 535. 4d. a quarter for wheat; and prohibited the importation, by duties, till the price rose to 545. 4d., and a duty of Bs. between that and 80s. In the reign of William the Third, there was a bounty of ss. per quarter allowed on the export of wheat. During the existence of those laws, for upwards of sixty years, the price of wheat was LOWER than on the Continent ! —the exports of wheat exceeding the imports to the extent - of 500,000 quarters annually. If it be asked what was the cause of the low price of corn at that time in this country, we unhesitatingly answer, that it was that which is now the cause of its low price in those countries from which we wish to import it ; and that is, POVERTY !—for, be it observed, as soon as ever this country commenced, during the last century, to come into active operation in the various arts and sciences, did the price of corn rise; and, JUST IN PROPORTION AS THE WEALTH OF THIS COUNTRY INCREASED, SO DID THE PRICE OF CORN ADVANCE Having made these preliminary remarks we shall commence the examination of our positions. Ist.—The evils attributed to the corn laws are three. Ist, injury sustained by our manufacturers; 2ndly, the high price of bread; and 3rdly, the opportunity given to speculators to raise the price of corn. As to the first, Mr. Villiers said, in the House of Commons on the 19th instant, when moving for leave that witnesses be heard at the bar, that the parties connected with the cotton, woollen, linen, and hard ware trades, " observed and experienced a decided change in the character of their dealings with those na tions on whom they had been accustomed to depend for custom ; that whereas those who were once their valued friends had now become their alarming rivals, and that this change had been most prejudicial to the interests of this country. And further, that the corn laws had not only turned away their customers, but converted them into competitors, and if continued, those laws would disable them from maintaining the struggle." In reply to this declaration against the corn laws, we beg first totally to deny that our exports have di minished in proportion as foreign grain has been ex cluded. Now, if we can show that this statement of ours be correct, it will necessarily follow that the corn laws have not been the cause of the disappointment and loss complained of by the above manufacturers : and then it will be our duty to point out, if possible, what that cause is. On referring to the subjoined parlia mentary report it will be seen that, in 1829, when our present law commenced, the import of corn was 1,364,220 quarters, and our exports amounted only to £20,387,316. Whereas in 1835, our imports of wheat amounted only to 28,413 quarters, that is, upwards of ONE MILLION LESS than the year 1829: and our ex ports £32,228,030, that is, nearly TWELVE MILLIONS MORE than in 1829 ! This speaks volumes ; particu larly as the change has been regularly progressive, THE EXPORTS INCREASING AS THE IMPORTS OF CORN DIMINISHED.* While we admit, for the sake of argument, and for the purpose of rendering ample justice to this important subject, that manufacturers have sustained and are now sustaining great losses, we deny the conclusion, that the corn laws are the cause of those losses. We say the causes are two-fold—first, over speculation ; secondly, the different condition in which foreign na tions now are to what they were fifty, or even twenty five years ago. As to the first, no greater proof need * Foreign and Colonial Total of British and Irish produce Wheat brought into exported to countries from which consumption. Corn is usually imported. Years. Quarters. Official value. 1829 1,364,220 £20,387,316 1830 1,701,885 ' 20,699,022 1831 1,491,631 23,553,136 1832 325,435 26,882,959 1833 82,346 27,010,604 1834 64,653 , . . 28,855,141 1835 28,413 26,897,431 1836 No return. 32,828,030 be adduced than the fact, that, while those very 11 19 nufacturers are bewailing their losses on every ar ticle of their produce, they are still augmenting their eata blishments and increasing their buildings. They have admitted that notwithstanding their great losses, owing to the corn laws, yet in 1834, 35, 36, and 37, when the corn laws had been in e x istence for many years , THERE HAD BEEN A VAST INCREASE OF FACTO RIES ! In 1836, in the town of PRESTON alone, there were built no less than nineteen new factories. This over-speculation, this covetousness, is only one cause of the present complaint : the other is the differ ent condition in which those nations now are, from what they were; twenty-five years ago. It is well known that while this country has been for at least fifty years making rapid advances in the arts and sciences, those nations have been, till 1815, almost dormant, as far as manufacturing is concerned. Some have been the actual seat of war, their people impoverished, their resources closed up, and their time and attention occu pied in belligerent pursuits. All these circumstances are quite sufficient to account for our country having left them behind, and for those nations'not having been able to keep pace with us in our march of intellect. But so soon as things changed with them, so soon as they were allowed to enjoy the blessings of peace, and to have a free communication with the rest'of the civilised world, it is only natural to expect, that they would do that which they have done, viz., turn their attention to the arts and sciences, and learn in a few years, from us, what we had spent many years in acquiring : thus profiting by our discoveries, and by our improvements in the art of manufacturing, they take their stand as our competitors, and consequently cease to purchase those commodities from us, which they themselves are now able to manufacture. This is only a natural course of things; and it would be as wise to attribute the di minished demand for our articles to the influence d the moon, as to the non-admission of foreign corn into our market ; moreover, to suppose that a repeal - of the corn laws, would now, after those nations have arrived at this high state of perfection in manufacturing, tie 1 1 P their hands, throw them back into the same state of lethargy in which they were twenty-five years ago, and in fact, have the same effect on them, that war, poverty, ignorance and inexperience had, is alike preposterous and absurd Having now demolished the foundation .on which this first charge was made, the whole argil" ment connected with it comes to naught, and 61 Like the baseless fabric of a vision, Leaves not a wreck behind." The second evil attributed to the corn laws is, the high price of bread : this we admit to be a very plausible plea ; and when the poor are told that they pay in this country for the shilling loaf what they could get for three-pence in countries where corn is cheap, and that if the corn laws were repealed here, they would get cheap bread, we are not surprised that thousands and tens of thousands of persons petition for the repeal of those laws. If the case rested here, or that this were the whole truth, we confess, we ourselves might be in' clined to sign a petition 'for their repeal. But so far from the case resting here, or this being the whole truth , it is extremely improbable that the repeal of the cool laws would produce cheap bread in this country; moreover, the vast difference between the quality of the bread here, and that in those countries from which we want to import it, is not noticed. The peasantrY in those countries are generally forced to eat bread scarcely good enough for the feeding of swine : and that work for which a labourer would get a shilling here; he would not get three-pence for there. Let the poor man only clearly understand, that where there is cheap bread there is also cheap labour ; that for what he now gets a shilling he would not then get sixpence , and the loud cry now raised against the corn laws would very soon dwindle into an infantile whine. The third evil attributed to the corn laws is, that by a fluctuating price speculators are enabled to raise the price of corn whenever they please, and thus press hard on the poor. Admitting that the corn-laws do allow speculators in act thus ; we maintain, also, that even a fixed price , or a thorough repeal of those laws, could not check such proceedings ; and for the following reasons :-- 1. Great capitalists, and particularly companies, could always possess immense control over the markets : hey / could a fixed price, or a repeal of the corn laws , prevent such persons from purchasing and hoarding up immense quantities of grain ? This very circurn' stance lately occurred, with respect to flour, in the United States, and gave origin to the New York riots the year before last. 2ndly. Various reports rel. be circulated by interested persons as to a failure 0 crops abroad, &c. 3rdly. The price of grain has been much steadier in our market, notwithstanding our flue" tuating prices, than in the corn-growing, and i m port' ing countries. According to one of the parliamental reports, in reference to the decennial average from Dantzic, Hamburgh, Rotterdam, there has been a ris e from the lowest to the highest of above 100 per cent. , while in England the extreme point has been 75 pe r cent.* From these circumstances it must appear evi' dent, that while the conduct of speculators is not fairly attributed to the corn laws, and that their repes i could not prevent the inconvenience arising from such proceedings, it would expose us to those various evils' to, the consideration of which we shall now proceed. Our second position is that the repeal of the corn lanes would not remove the evils attributed to them. In exhi' biting the fallacy of the arguments made by the repea l ; ers, under our first head, we were under the necessity ° entering to such a length into the merits of this position, that we deem a repetition superfluous, particularly ° they are interwoven with what we have to advanc e under the next head. Our third and last position is, that the repeal of ti le said laws would produce far greater evils than those a r ' tributed to their existence. These evilS we shall o r !' sider under the following heads :—First, neglect of ag cy culture ; secondly, distress among all kinds of oper a ' tives and manufacturers; and, thirdly, our position in case of war, &c. The fruit s o f agr i cu lt u re are the staple c om modity o e this land ; th e very blood of this mighty empire; th source from which all strength is derived - ; and ther l ' mum mobile of all our operations. Under such circul ly stances the interests of the agriculturists are of P ara mount importance ; they affect, more or less, the Wh ole community—almost all classes and conditions of TX except those which have independent fortunes. I 1 , effect argricultural interest has upon society, howe e unnoticed, is like the operation of heat on the th e.„ mometer ; as that interest is kept up, and sustained , - 0 are the other departments of the empire. Suppose then that foreign nations be permitted send their grain here, and glut our market, so 0 ,0 ri undersell our agriculturiSti, which they can readilY 0' owing to the cheapness of labour on the Eurnr; continent, then our agriculturists not only would ° if but could not, persevere in the cultivation of d r / lands for grain. They would not ; for self-intere st he that principle which is inherent, more or less, in breasts of all mankind,—would induce them to to their attention to other pursuits, and their lantw ttie other purposes. Their lands would then require ' l e o attention, and still less labour. Their reasoning 0 . % o f subject would naturally be—as the markets are O w it corn,- and as we cannot raise grain, except at a 10 56, 5te is better for us to let our fields lie idle, or approp fi n ' them to the raising of cattle, or to some such purro se than to the growth of corn. Thus agriculture bet", 0 neglected, and we are left at the mercy of fer eig powers. not 2. The distress that this would produce a mong , only all kindg of operatives, but even among th e ci fisi ff nufacturers themselves, although perhaps not W o e credited, is nevertheless easily demonstrated. a d agriculturists, being thus crippled in their resoure es he it means, would be compelled, not only to discharg e t labourers—thus throwing upon the community tbac, sands of persons totally unaccustomed to all other ails cupations except farming—but to reduce mate ri r o. their own outlay in the purchase of ma nufae tu , The manufacturers, suffering by a diminished dent:iag for their goods, would be under the necessity of ret i bs ,.e the price of their articles, to lead to a larger porettle:i thereof ; and, in order to enable them to do this, of will be obliged not only to diminish the num ber their workmen, but also reduce srages in general' s d Now, how stands the interest of the working C ldS o ? society even in these most favourable circumstafic * Decennial Lowest Hig hest Average. Price. . price. ) s. d. s. a. t i 11 Dantzic 32 10..... 21 8 (182 G).. •• • ." Haniburgh..- 3O 0,.0526)..... 41 a v 103 ItOtteidant. . 37 9. 8.(1aft).., •• 5 2 n' England, ..... First, would I they, de duCed t hot hay &col Would } be actu by rnei We thin 1. T that th mand dirnini; vances knowl( , 3 . reduce also re, accoml I ncalcu gerous UN] roured Unitar late lec and it wA.n N fin, an, has ha fro m a We ahhou honest, most on tha a cone have e cheerf correc men, La spon( rend( Very work but t x. 32 pel Leei quel falls whi swa (as th e vat qu, tia ) die thi ha Cal he, foi be a any Se r i / and to b e Unit ta r i z veil that his ra? ma sac th ; Sc In,