The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-10-02 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS. It is our wish always to hush up such cases as that referred to by " A Ratepayer of Toxteth-park." We endeavoured to ascertain further particulars on the subject yesterday, but • were unable. Or Ether/mai Manbarb. TUESDAY MORNING, OCT. 2, 1849. CONVERSIONS upon the subject of our Monetary System are going on at a great rate. As if by one consent, the various interests of the country are turning their regards in this direction, as contain. ing the cause of the non-fulfilment of their expec tations of approaching prosperity; and the admis sions, made by some of these, are widely different from the opinions formerly propounded by them with almost oracular dogmatism. The follow ing appeared, a few days since, in a leader in the once violent builionist, the Lundon Times, on the subject of the present prospect of the Railway Share Market : _ - ------- - " The gr,atest source of spontaneous fluctuations in this country, and the most disturbing power, is the value of the precious metals. It is always chang►ng. Thirty years since a sovereign represented only half as mucleof the necessaries, comforts, and luxuries of life as it now does ; and its value has since been continually on the increase." What a splendid standard of value that gold must be, which is the greatest "disturbing power," and which is "always changing" ! " Thirty years since" (says our contemporary,) "a sovereign represented only half as much of the necessaries, comforts, and luxuries of life as it now does." A black look out this has proved to tax-payers, mortgagees, and per sons with encumbered properties; and a pleasant one to annuitants, mortgagees, and such people as her Majesty's Ministers !" " Its value," our con temporary adds, "has since been continual!y on the increase." Taking averages of years, so it has ; but it has also jumped up and down with surpris ing irregularity. It was worth for instance a third more in October 1847 than in January in the same year. Yet this is our unerring standard, by the value of which every monetary engagement in this great commercial country must be measured ; and whoever had ventured to impugn which, the Times, a few months ago, would have regarded as mad men or knaves ! Another great bullionist authority—the young Peelite Chronicle—thus spoke of it no later than in December last :—" Now in this country gold is the standard ; it has been adopted, because it has proved to be less subject to fluctuation than any other commodity." We leave the two doctors to settle their differences upon this point as they can. The Times, however, sees now a prospect of a movement in the opposite direction. The value of the sovereign —or rather it should] he said of the legal pound—is about to be gradually reduced. " Looking," he says, " to the various probabilities of the question, and with the fact of a whole American State -being now actively employed over an immense territory in the successful search of gold, we incline to the opinion that gold will henceforth suffer a gradual, though slow, depreciation. That, of course, has a most important bearing on the question between fixed and fluctuating dividends. Should there be such a depreciation, guaran teed shares will press less and less on the profits, which will of course vary according to the general wealth of the country, and not be tied to a metallic formula." A surprising facility truly our contemporary pos sesses in the discovery of encouraging circum stances for his friends ! A sovereign is about to decrease in value to 155., ergo a man who has given 100 sovereigns, at their present value, for a railway share paying eight per cent., out of which he has to pay a guaranteed sum of three sovereigns, is benefitted by that three sovereigns becoming worth three times fifteen shillings. What, however, are the remaining five sovereigns worth ? Why just five times fifteen shillings. What is the share itself worth, still earning eight per cent and paying three ? Why just a hundred times fifteen. shillings, or five and twenty per cent., measured in commodities, less than it cost ! This is certainly no very con soling state of things. In conclusion, we are glad of the confession that fixed incomes now are " tied to a metallic formula." We rather imagine that every sort of income is in this predicament—" tied to a metallic formula ;" and we should rather not be thus tied. We observe too that Mr. Hamer Stansfield, a pro minent member of the League, has discovered that Free Trade is not worth having, without having as well "free trade in money." Mr. Stansfield con ceives that his party havebegun at the wrong end ; and has propounded his views in- a pamphlet, which contains an approach, at least, to correct principles. We shall he glad to see him pursue his inquiries further; and, in the mean time, rejoice that he is disposed to give honor to whom honor is due for the discovery which he has already made. In his introductory letter he thus addresses the members of the Liverpool Currency Reform Asso ciation : " GENTLEMEN ,—I am glad of this opportunity of ex pressing my obligation to you, for calling the attention of the mercantile community to the all important question of the currency," &c. And he concludes his pamphlet by saying : "We trust that the Liverpool Currency Reform Asso- ' ciation, to whom the credit is due of first organizing themselves, and hoisting the standard of currency reform, will never strike their flag until they have attained their object. They have assumed an honourable and responsi ble position ; but have a good cause in hand, and right eventually will overcome might." Our contemporary, the Morning Herald, also in a series of very able letters, signed " Justitia," has lately been doing good service to the cause. On Tuesday last, the writer offers the following remarks upon the relative positions of the Banks of France and England, the former of which, by a well regu lated paper currency, was enabled to sustain the commercial classes of a country involved in the turmoil of a revolution ; whilst the latter threw the whole commercial fabric of Great Britain into suffering and ruin, and herself only escaped insol vency by suspending the boasted monetary laws of Sir Robert Peel. " The revolutions of the years 1848-9, if they have done no other good, have taught ono practical lesson, which our statesmen, if wise, ought not to overlook, and that is the relative position of the Banks of England and France. "By the operation of the English banking laws, under the acts of 1819 and 1844, all notes must be paid in gold on presentation. So that, whenever we run short of food, or the foreign exchanges rule against us, and gold is sent out of the country, the money in circulation—that is, the notes—must be restricted, the value of money almost doubled thereby ; merchants must curtail their exportations for want of accommodation, and their stocks must be depreciated, mills closed, railway and all other undertakings suspended, for want of extended or cheap credit ; all incomes curtailed from trade or speculation ; and many thousands of the industrious classes thrown out of employment ; and all for the imaginary benefit of securing payment for notes in gold on demand ; and yet on three different occasions the Bank of England has been so closely pressed for gold, that, had it not been for the interference of government, the directors of the Bank of England would not have been in a position to pay more than a twentieth part of their notes in circulation in gold or silver coins. " If your readers will turn back to my letters in the Morning Herald, of August 2 and 8, and September 8 and 12, they will there perceive, from facts stated on authority, that by the provisional government of France passing an ordinance restricting the payment of notes into coin on demand, a greater security has been given to the holders of the notes issued by the Bank of France than at any previous period, for the notes now in circulation, and the bullion and coin in the coffers of the bank, are nearly equivalent. That is to say, they have precious metals sufficient to pay all their notes in circulation, which the Bank of England has never yet been in a position to do. And for this gratifying circumstance the French are indebted to a well regulated paper currency, which has given employment to the artisan, and permitted the manufacturer to send abroad his goods, to bring back to France other produce or manufactures, or the value in gold and silver coin, or other precious metals or commo dities. When the Bank of England, as in 1847, should have been in a position to give a stimulus to trade, by a cheap and full currency, the reverse was the case, and British. labour was suspended, to the ruin of capitalists and employers of every grade." Let us prove the correctness of the statement, which we have marked i:i italics, by our exports, at the period mentioned, to a single country—the United States of America. In 1846, we had be come large importers of American grain, &c., of which the natural result would have been, had we been permitted to pay for such grain in manufac tured goods, that we should have increased our exportations. Our gold, however, was in that year the cheapest commodity for export; and whilst it was rapidly drawn from us, contracting our cur rency, causing the operations of the merchant and manufacturer to be suspended, and the labourer to be driven to the verge of famine, we were enabled to export of the two great staples of the cotton manufacture—plain calicoes and printed and dyed calicoes—only 10,640,000 yards of the former, and 13,556,509 yards of the latter. In 1847 we were again large importers of American grain, in pay ment• of which gold continued to be drawn from us, until, in October, the bank had to suspend cash Payments, and the prices of every commodity bad fallen ruinously. What was the operation which ensued ? It was this. Gold had appreciated in this country. It was matter of life and death to us to procure a supply, in order to restore our circu lating medium ; and to get that supply, we had to export, in 1847, at the ruinous sacrifices which American holders were enabled to wring from us, 41,519,244 yards of plain calicoes, and 44,425,017 yards of printed and dyed calicoes! Had we, like France, possessed at this time an expansive and well regulated domestic currency, nothing of this kind could have, by any possibility, occurred. The total exports would have been pretty equally spread over the two years ; and the drain of specie, the con traction of our medium of exchange, with their fearful consequences, would not have taken place, to an extent to interfere at all with the commercial and industrial occupations of the country. A fortnight ago, our readers may remember, we showed the misapprehension of the working of our monetary laws contained in the project mooted by Mr. Disraeli to the agriculturists at Aylesbury, for producing " cheap capital (!)" for the landed inte rest, by an increase of the land tax to £5,000,000 a year. and the application of that sum to form a sinking fund for the liquidation of the national debt. We contended that it was not " cheap capitfil" which the agriculturists wanted, but "cheap money;" that cheap money meant, in reality, an abundant supply of legal tender; that such supply must not be liable to constant fluctua tions; and that none of these desiderata could be secured by Mr. Disraeli's plan, or, at all, under our present metallic system. We are glad to find a very able writer in the Morning Post, under the signature of " Observer," rebuking the hon. mem ber's implied sanction of that system, and directing the attention of the community to the fact that, in a very great measure, the monetary laws of 1819 and 1844 have been the inducing causes of the distress and suffering, past and present, of the agricultural interest. "We ye had," says this writer, " since the passing of the bill of 1819, periods of prosperity and of adversity. From 1819 to 1823 we had a contracted currency and dis tress. From 1823 to 1525 we had an abundant currency and prosperity. From 1826 to 1833 we had a contracted currency and distress. From 1834 to 1837 we had money plentiful, and the people employed and prosperous. From 1837 to 1843 we had the circulation restricted, and all the productive classes in a state of suffering. In 1844, 1845, and 1846, the currency was again abundant, and prospe rity again returned ; and we are now once more enduring the consequences of a contraction of the circulation." During one of these periods of depression, which was most severe upon the agriculturists,—in 1830 —the writer shows that petitions and memorials were presented to the legislature from nearly every portion of the empire ; and that the universal opinion expressed was that the sufferings of the farmer had been mainly caused by the act of 1819, which increased the hurthens of taxation and the pressure of all fixed payments, whilst it reduced enormously wages, profits, and the prices of pro duce and commodities. We perfectly coincide with the Post's correspondent, and these petitioners, as to the effect of our recent monetary policy upon their condition ; and we would strenuously urge upon the friends of the agriculturists, and of every branch of the native industry, to devote themselves to an inquiry into this most important subject. In conclusion, we must, with Mr. Hamer Stans field, offer our humble meed of congratulation to the Liverpool Currency Reform Association, upon the success which is at length rewarding their me ritorious efforts. The straw is at length moving. The golden idol of the economists, beneath whose feet the commerce and industry of the nation have so long been trampled, totters already upon its pedestal. Its advocates no longer flout us as ma niacs or revile us as robbers and revolutionists in disguise. We have already driven them from re doubt to redoubt, and even taken some of their strongholds. We have wrung from one of themselves what will serve as an answer to the question of the great bullionist leader, "what is a pound ?" It is a measure of value which "is always changing !" Thirty years since it represented only half as much as it now does; and its value has since been conti nually on the increase !!" We have made engage ments to pay a pound, for which we are now paying in labour and commodities forty shillings; and we are making further engagements, of which we are told we shall be asked only to pay about one-half. Surely sensible men cannot much longer tolerate a monetary system so obviously dishonest, and so notoriously accompanied by alternations of mania wild speculation, social robbery, and commercial and industrial prostration ! WE are perfectly ready to admit the right of constituencies, whether parliamentary or municipal, to remove their representatives whenever their opinions cease to be those of the majority by whom they were elected. Without this right, the repre sentative system is a mockery. But we cannot admit of the existence of a body which assumes to stand between the representatives and the repre sented, and to dictate to the latter when, and how, they shall exercise their constitutional functions. On this account we have all along been opposed to the meddling interference, in our municipal elec tions, of the body styling itself the National Con federation. There is sufficient public spirit, and patriotism, in Englishmen to prompt them to con stitutional action, whenever a sufficent cause arises to draw it forth; and we object to every dictation toward the constituencies upon any subject from any third party whatever. We have, however, a further, and a special ground of objection against the interference, which has assumed the form of dictation, of the National Confederation in our municipal affairs. We are not satisfied as to the constitution of that body. k few of its most prominent members we know to be respectable men. Some of them, we regret to observe, are Conservatives. But we do not know who they are who pull the wires and work the hidden machinery. Many of the principles pro fessed by them, we feel confident, are dangerous and subversive of order. The recently published manifesto of -its opinions, on the subject of tax ation, has been scouted by every section of the community, and, if we are not mistaken, by the whole press of the town ; whilst their crudities and mischievous character have excited mingled ridicule and censure wherever they have travelled beyond our own locality. It is not to be tolerated that such a body, comprised ,of nobody knows whom, sitting in secret conclave, in its central office, should dictate to the local constitu encies throughout this great town what public servants should be rejected, and whom retained ; should assume to select candidates for the repre• sentation of our various wards, appoint their own committees in those wards, responsible only to itself; delegate its own speechifiers to each, and thus ride roughshod over public opinion, preventing altoge ther the exercise, by the constituencies, of that calm and dispassionate consideration which ought to direct constitutional action. We object, more over, to a tame submission to the fiat of this body, on the occasion of the coming November elections, on this special ground, viz.—that the selection of its nominees is almost solely determined by their opinions upon a particular and isolated question— that of the Rivington scheme. Strongly as we feel, ourselves, upon this question, we cannot bring ourselves to regard it as the sole touchstone by which the fitness of candidates for the important trust of directing the municipal affairs of this borough should he determined. There are very many questions, vitally affecting the interests, social, commercial, and moral, of this great community— questions requiring for their solution business expe rience, high character, and intelligence—which we should be sorry to see committed to men whose greatest capability may be the utterance of the cry, "No Pike" ! We have a vast corporate estate to protect from aggression ; the peace and property of a large community to preserve ; parliamentary questions of local interest to take part in ; great financial operations to manage ; and on these grounds we should greatly regret to see our Council packed by the nominees of a body, the bulk of whose members we believe to consist of busy Radi cals, or of men, at all events, whose stake in the town is insignificant, and whose persons even are unknown beyond the precincts of their own petty circles. We know not, and care not, who may be the gentlemen whom this body may choose to bring forward as their nominees on this occasion. But we can assure them that there are very many amongst the constituencies, who, though opposed to the. Rivington scheme, are equally opposed to theirown arbitrary proceedings, and will not con . sent to see known and tried members—parties whose names are associated with the growth and the greatness of Liverpool—pushed aside on the ground of their support of that scheme merely. We might instance Mr. Tyrer, Mr. Aikin, and others, as amongst those men, whose services and THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. ability the town would not willingly lose. At the same time, we may offer tothe confederation a little hint. The opponents of the Rivington scheme in the Council haVe lost a little ground lately. They mustered only 20 in the recent division on the question. The feeling upon the subject out of doors is also on the decline. If any thing has, more than another, led to this change, it is the violent proceedings of the confederation itself. We have also a question to ask from the com mittee of this association. Is it true that on Friday last, the name of a highly-respectable gentle man was brought forward at a committee meeting, as a representative for St. Peter's Ward, and a re solution come to that he should receive the support of the association ? Is it likewise true, that on the following day, another meeting was held, drummed up by the Radical section, at which a counter reso lution was passed, rejecting the gentleman pre viously announced, because he was a Conservative, and recommending a candidate of opposite political principles ? We have the names of the parties alluded to, but withhold them for the present. WE hear, daily, complaints amongst the trades men and shopkeepers of our own, and other large towns, of depressed trade, of customers falling off, and businesses which are scarcely paying for rent, taxes, gas, and servants' wages. We see establish ments, lately thriving, abandoned ; and, where once was the glare of lamps, streaming through plate glass, and reflected in gorgeous mirrors with busy assistants displaying to eager purchasers the rich products of the loom and the workshop, dull solitudes, or closed shutters, plastered over with the ominous announcement " to let"—or the more start ling record of disaster—the sale announcement of the auctioneer. Statists, indeed, tell us continually of the revival of commercial activity; of better markets and increased consumption. Board of Trade reports and commercial circulars shew us that we ought to be in a condition of reviving prosperity. But every man asks himself—where is the prosperity ? And every man declares that, as yet, nothing of the kind has fallen to his own experience. _ _ We believe that a very little reflection will enable the trading community, and especially retailers and artizans, to solve this apparent problem for them selves. Within the past few years we have seen a new system of business spring up amongst us. The doctrine of "small profits and quick returns" has been proclaimed the secret of commercial suc cess. Cheap-shopkeepers, cheap traders, and cheap artizans have established themselves in every town, and in every street, and pushed from their stools the old-fashioned race of regular men of business, who were content to thrive upon moderate remune rating profits upon the sale of honest goods. " Bargains" now solicit our attention on every side ; and unfortunately there exists a thoughtless portion of the world who are enamoured of bargains, who are ever ready to grasp at "alarming sacrifices." Half the commodities vended by our modern dealers are either pretended "bankrupts' stocks," "stocks selling off previous to improvements," goods " pur chased under extraordinary circumstances,for cash," or goods really purchased with very little chance of their being paid for at all. A ruinous competition is everywhere going on. Every man is seeking to undersell and to supplant his neighbour; and our very largest purchasers, our public boards and cor porations, even the legislature itself, encourage the practice, and invite tradesmen to ruin themselves, or each other, by the system of contracting for every article supplied to them, and every species of work done. We see every day men taking such con tracts at prices which leave, if any, the bare shadow of profits, to be wrung, too often, from decrease of the wages of their miserable working people, and, sometimes, from the substitution of inferior for first class goods; and how aften do we see such con tracts result in ruin to those engaged in them—to the fortunate (?) competitors! Now, it is clear that this desperate scramble for business cannot go on without serious injury to the trading classes. To secure a living, the shop keeper, who contents himself with half the ordinary rates of profit, must sell double, or more than double, the ordinary quantity of goods. But you cannot, however you may reduce profits, double consumption, until you have doubled the means or the number of consumers. A man cannot wear two coats, two pairs of boots, or two hats at a time ; and if the tailor, bootmaker, or hatter is also doing business for half profits, the chances are that he cannot so conveniently buy one of the - commodities in question. If a tradesman of the old school, he is, in all probability, driven out of business altoge ther. We find, also, men of large capital, or large credit, absorbing in one giant concern, half a dozen branches of trade ; manufacturers engrossing the profits of the retailers, or otherwise depressing the condition of men of less abundant means. The tradesman who reduces the wages of his labourer, diminishes his power to consume. The manufac turer, or the artizan, who employs apprentices to do his work, throws the adult hand into the work house, or drives him to a condition in which he can barely command the common necessaries of life. It is this desperate competition—this mad struggle for cheapness—which is at the root of much of the suffering at present complained of amongst our shopkeepers and small traders, hundreds of whom are daily discovering that they are de trop in the battle of life ; that they cannot exist in the shadow of the leviathan concerns, and are rapidly falling back into the ranks of the ill-paid working classes. It is not at all customary for the conductors of a journal, or any publication which assumes the cri tical office, to be called upon to defend its strictures upon a work given to the public. The task would be an interminable one if every disappointed au thor was permitted to have a hearing, or to claim a second or third notice of his work. We cannot, therefore, permit the authors of the prize essay on Direct Taxation to figure in our columns, to the extent of the letter which they have addressed to us ; but must content ourselves with noticing a few points only, which they bring forward. In the commencement of their letter they say : " We have made no attempt," you complain, " to show it to have been just, that when the middle, or trad ing classes, began to progress in wealth and importance, the land one should remain subject to the whole expense of internal government and national defence." True, we have not endeavoured to show what you have indicated ; nor do we think the indication just. We cannot see the equity of the landholders throwing their peculiar bur thens upon the trading and manufacturing classes, even if the latter have improved in their circumstances. We personally might as well apply to our neighbour over the way, who has got greatly enriched by American com merce, to discharge for us our income-tax or tailor's bill. If it had been a matter of state necessity to till the ground ; if the landholders had been obliged to retain and cultivate the land to their disadvantage, there might have been room to charge the non-agricultural community with a just recompense. But as the possession of the unbought soil has always been advantageous to the pos sessors, and as the advantages have been continually aug mented by the increase of commercial and industrial wealth, we should have been making the worse appear the better reason, bad we declared it to have been just that the trading classes should not only have sustained their own, but their landlords' burthens too." In the first place, there is here a little Jesuitism displayed. We complained of the assumption of the writers that " the land alone," after a valuable commerce and a wealthy trading class had sprung up, should have remained " subject to the whole expense of external government and national de fence." The essayists reply by complaining of the landowners throwing "their peculiar burthens upon the trading classes.' We are ourselves not aware that the internal government and defence of the country should be the peculiar charge of the land; but of the owners of property of every description, whether consisting in mills, in houses, in goods, or in labour. In the quotation marked in italics it strikes us that the writers contravene their own principles, which are, if we understand them at all, that taxation should he borne by the people ac cording to their means. Surely the manufacturing classes, as they "improved in their circumstances," would, according to this principle, be entitled to bear an increased share of the national burthens. The Essayists differ from us with respect to the opinion which we expressed, that their proposed system would be painfully inquisitorial, and lead to concealment, and even perjury. They have more faith, they say, than we have in the patience and truthful habits of their fellow-countrymen, who will readily allow their affairs to he yearly scruti nized by the tax gatherer, or save him the trouble, by always giving in the real amount of their earn ings. Unfortunately, all experience is against these assumptions—or wherefore all our present customs' searchers, and other costly endeavours to keep the world honest ? But our Essayists go beyond maintaining that the inquisitorial character of direct taxation is ob jected against by the public. It is even desirable that it should approach to " publicity"—that every man's business should be known—to his neigh bour, and even to his creditor, they say— " We have many of us the desire, which is in some re spects amiable, to assume an appearance before the world that ill assorts with the real state of our pockets ; and so well is this known, that it hath become proverbial to say that a poor man cannot afford to wear a bad coat. But whom would publicity injure withal ? The man who de sires to live above his income, who trades hazardously, who speculates imprudently, or schemers who have no means at all ; and their injury would be their creditor's salvation—their bankruptcy would be prevented or anti cipated." Thus " the publicity," as to men's means, to be brought about by the system of direct taxation, is to prevent men wearing coats above their means, and to bring about their "creditors' salvation !" We should not wonder if it did so, provided " schemers, who have no means at all," chose to pay for the means they do not possess. " Publi city to every man's means !" Really prize essayists have an excellent idea of the world. One more specimen of our essayists reply, and we are done : "' Capital,' you say, ' will most assuredly not stay here to be taxed from 10 to 25 per cent. upon its returns. Ca pital will not remain in the public funds, in land, in houses, in railways, or in mines, for the tax-gatherer to take away yearly a tenth or a twentieth of its yield.' Land, and houses, and railways, and mines cannot choose, we imagine, but remain here. By capital, then,"you mean something distinct from fixed property, which may, ne vertheless, sometimes inhere in it, at other times . be de tached and transported. But whatever notion you enter tain of it, how capital can run away from the public funds which are themselves mere negations,—nonentities, we confess it impossible to conceive." True—land and houses, and railways, cannot remove themselves; but what land is worth with out capital to till it we do not know. Withdraw capital from land, and we fancy it will be worth very little. The public funds are no more "negations" than our essayists are negations. The public funds are assets to the creditor, and if capital is withdrawn from investment in the public funds, we really do not know what they will be worth. At all events we ao know that if dividends derived from the funds of this country are taxed 25 or 30 per cent., foreigners, who hold at present no small share of those funds, would prefer investing in property of a different character. FREE-TRADE CONVERSIONS. A corres3ondent of our Whig contemporary, the Albion, gave us recently a nice little morceau, on the subject of the effect of Free Trade. He says, in reply to some observations in the Mail:— "The state of the home trade, I presume, A cotton broker does not take into :account at all. I have been accustomed to consider it the most important, but what is to become of it with wheat at 30s. to 355. per quarter. the probable price, for at an important port abroad I understand it was lately sold at 20s. per quarter. I hope the Mail's correspondent will answer the question • and it would be an additional favour his telling us if the French and other foreigners, ship-carpenters, who are now to build our ships for us, will come over to Manchester and buy their jackets and trowsers, as our own ship carpenters have done, for I do not think they will send for them with the high tariffs as applies to cur manufactures in their respective countries." Go on gentlemen all ! You will come round to us bye and bye. What, however, is the amount of thanks which we are reaping for our free trade concessions,from these foreigners, whom we are subsidizing at the expense of our artizans, our ship carpenters, and others-, for whose benefit we are ruining our agriculturists and destroying our home trade ? our thanks are—ridicule!! We have before us a very beautifully got up illustrated publication—a sort of Ger man " Punch," which conveys the continental impres sions as to our present commercial policy. One engraving represents a figure of death bearing the banner of free trade, introducing the products of Swiss and German handicraft into Great Britain. The Gallic cock looks on in the rear of the procession, whilst the British lion, " with spectacles on learned nose," is welcoming death's contribution to the comforts of cur poor artivms. The companion picture shows German handicraft in the enjoyment of luxury and joviality. The pincers are waltzing with the plyers, the vice, with pipe in mouth, sets to the callipers, with ditto ; the hammer and the nail are dos a dos, and the sleeve board is stealing a kiss from the needle, behind the friendly stride of the sheers. Pipes and beer are in abundance.- And in the distance are smoking factory chimnies, and all the signs of well employed industry. In the left fore ground are the British Lion, sweating boneath the weight of a bale of woollens, and the Gallic cock, travelling by rail towards the happy land, with a bale under his left wing, and an expectant purse in his bill. But there is a bar, double locked, on either side, guarded by the German eagle, beyond which neither may pass. The lesson is altogether most instructive, but not at all encouraging to the suffering English artizan. ST. JUDE'S ScnooLs.—On Sunday last, the sum of £72 was collected in St. Jude's Church, after sermons by by tbe Rev. Drs. M'Neile and Carpenter, in behalf of the schools in connexion with the church. EXAMINATION OF MASTERS AND MATES.—At a meet ing of the Board of Examiners on Friday, the 28th ult., held at the board room, No. 8, Exchange-alley North, Captain William Daly, late master of the "Abigail," and of the " Condor," of Liverpool, was examined and found duly qualified for a first class master's certificate. FATAL ACCIDENT, LAST NIGHT.—Last night, a poor lad, named Hopkinson, who obtained a livelihood by sell ing chips, met his death while in the pursuit of his avoca tion. The accident occurred in Paddington, the particu lars of which we were unable to ascertain, further than that the deceased was knocked down by a brewer's dray, the wheels of which passed over his body, and that he died almost instantaneously> THE ART UNION OF LIVERPOOL.—This society has been established for the general advancement of the fine arts, and it oTers (as may be seen from an advertisement) unusual advantages to the members. The obActs of the society will be carried out according to the provisions of the act for legalising art unions, and not with a view to private gain. Not only will the subscribers encourage a more chaste and correct taste in the fine arts, but they will themselves become entitled to the full value of their subscriptions in some work of art. COLLECTION AT TIIE COLLEGIATE SCHOOLS FOR POOR FAMILIES WHICH HAVE SUFFERED FROM CHOLERA. — The schools of the Collegiate Institution having been re markably preserved from cholera (only two cases having occurred, and but one of them fatal), a feeling lately arose among the masters that a day of humble thanksgiving ought to be appointed, and a collection made for the suf ferers in the town. Last laturday, being the day which concluded the quarter, was set apart by the principal for this purpose,—special mention was made of the subject at morning prayers, and the sum of £2B ss. led. collected. THE SEACOMBE AND EGREMONTFERRIES. — A corres pondent of the Albion of last week complains of the un civil conduct of the officials connected with the Egremont and New Brighton Boats, and also of their great irregu larity, At present, he says, they have become a mono poly, and he adds— " The term of the lease of the Seacombe Ferry is drawing to a close, and I am told that the proprietors of the Egremont and New. Brighton Ferries are trying to obtain the renewal of it. Should they succeed, the inhabitants of our peninsula will be entirely at their mercy, both as to the quality of the boats and the terms they may see fit to charge. I trust this will never happen." We can console him as to the Seacombe Ferry. The lease of the Messrs. Parry has several years to run ; and as to any treaties being negotiating for the ferry, seven or eight years is a long time to. negotiate beforehand. THEATRE-ROYAL. — Mr. Copeland, the spirited mana ger of the Theatre-Royal, has announced another musical treat, to consist of six operatic performances, the first of which will be given on Thursday evening next, and the others on each consecutive evening. The principal names in the programme are familiar to Liverpool connoisseurs ; they are Sims Reeves, Whitworth, Miss Lacombe, Le -1 venu (conductor), &c. &c. The operas selected are equally familiar with the artistes, leading off with " Lucia di Lammermoor" and "La Sonnambula." Every lover of music and the drama must appreciate the exertions made by the gentleman who at present presides over the affairs.of our Theatre-Royal to provide for the public en tertainment of the first class. SERIOUS RAILWAY ACCIDENT.--A serious casualty oc curred on the night of Saturday week near the Edge-hill station, the particulars of which, strange to say, have not previously been made public. From information con veyed to us by a party residing in the immediate vicinity of the scene of the accident, it appears that about nine o'clock on the night referred to, a girl, sixteen years of age, whose name is Mary Jane Jones, and who resided as servant with a family occupying one of those neat and ru ral-like houses so well known as the Spekefield Cottages, was sent out on an errand, for which purpose she had to cross the Liverpool and Manchester line of railway, as well as several lines of rails beyond, which have recently been laid down to effect a junction with the tunnel lead ing to the docks. This wide area of rails was passed over in safety by the girl on going, but not so as she returned. As the poor girl was re-crossing the main line, she was knocked down by an engine which with a tender was com ing up with considerable speed from the Victoria tunnel. The wheels of the engine passed over the poor creature's legs, which were so frightfully fractured as to render it necessary that immediate amputation of both limbs should be effected ; the sufferer is at present lying in a precarious state at the Infirmary, whither she was conveyed imme diately after the accident took place. We hope that the railway company will take some steps t'o prevent the re currence of a similar casualty, and as we believe they have already adopted some regulation with a view of guarding against it, we may as well inform them that according to the opinions of well-informed persons in the locality, the regulation in question will act in direct opposition to their presumed intention. INTERESTING BOAT-RACE ON THE MERSEY, BY RIVER BOATMEN. Yesterday, the Jong-expected rowing match between two Liverpopl river gig boats, rowed by boatmen, (and which, owing to a preliminary contest, had roused public curiosity,) came off on the Cheshire side. The contest was between two crews, belonging the one to the north and the other to the south end of the town, and amongst whom a spirit of rivalry (and we hope a generous one) has for some time existed. The match was but for a small amount—RlO a-side—but it was not the less vigorously contested. The race was announced, by pla card, to commence at two o'clock ; but four was the real hour of starting. The Tranmere river steamer William Fawcett was hired for the occasion from Mr. Willoughby, of the ferry, by Mr. Charles Church, inn keeper, of Denison-street, to convey parties desirous of accompanying the race, at a moderate charge, (with excellent refreshments,) and the assemblage on board was numerous, though not so great as might be expected, owing to the shortness of the notice by placard, and the consequent general impulse to land at Tranmere slip, and thence view the contest. The William Fawcett was gaily decorated with flags, and a good brass band, from Mr. Joliffe's, enlivened the proceedings. The other Tranmere steam-boats were crowded to excess. and towards three o'clock the entire length of the long pier. and the vessels near it, presented dense masses of company. There were also great numbers of open boats, fishing-boats, little yachts, &c., under oar or sail, all densely peopled ; and, but for the haziness of the day, with a slight drizzling rain, the sight would have been most animating. As it was, the view, generally, was distinct, and all was highly satisfactory. The course was from off the Tranmere slip, southward, round the most southerly quarantine hulk, abreast of the New Ferry, and back to the place of starting. The whole distance is about four miles. The wind was almost due east, and very light, so that the rowers had no seaway to contend against, though a strongish tide in pulling up the river. Many little contests took place between rowing boats before the starting, for mere fun. The two boats entered for the contest were "The Star of Temperance," and " The Helen," or, (as we were otherwise informed,) " The James." The " Star" was painted blue, was manned by boatmen belonging to our North Shore, and the "James, " (or " Helen, ") painted green, by boatmen belonging to the South Shore. Both boats were built by our townsman, Mr. William Jones ; both were about 22 feet in length, over all ; and as both presented nearly similar and fine lines, there was little to choose between them ; but considerable betting, nevertheless, took place on board the Wm. Fawcett, many of those present being sporting characters in aqua tics. The crew of the " Star," (four oars) were—Cornelius Green, (stroke oar) ; Samuel Bunn, (Red Sam) ; John Fitzpatrick, William Aller, (or Adams,) John Lock, (cox swain.) "The Helen"—Joseph Davies, (stroke oar,) Thomas Lewis, Wm. Humphries, Thos. M`Nab, and William Collins, (coxswain.) The toss between the respective coxswains for berths was won by the blue boat, and she took the shore, or inside course. The crews wore white Guernsey shirts, and each crew had distinguishing and uniform caps. At the start, which was highly exciting, the blue boat, the Star, took a decided lead in a few strokes of her oars, and maintained it throughout. It was, however, a close and remarkably well contested race. At the close of the run of about four miles, the Star, North-shore-man, beat the southerner by about six to eight boats' length. Both boats were loudly cheered on reaching the goal, The distance was accomplished in 28 minutes. There was some slight dispute relative to the starting, but this was settled by the umpires, Mr. Luke and Mr. Cole, and was ad judged to be fair. Another race, got up at the moment, took place be tween two Liverpool gigs, the Mary and the John and William, over nearly the same course. This was even a more close contest, the first beating the other by only a length and a half. It is remarkable that the crews of the winning boats were, for the most part, comparatively old men. MISS WHITNALL'S GRAND ANNUAL CONCERT This great musical treat, which has always been looked forward to as one of the events of the season by the mu sical world, was given last night, under distinguished patronage, and introducing to the Liverpool public the first musical talent of the world. The house was an ex cellent one, so far as the boxes, stalls, and pit were con cerned. As to the other portions, we were not in a posi tion to see them •, but we trust. for the sake of the fair beneficiare, that they were equally satisfactory. The ex pense gone to by Miss \Thitnall was enormous; and so much enterprize was deserving of the fullest reward. The first piece given was the duetti from Donizetti's Elisir d'Amore—"Venti Sicudr—by Signors Calzolari and Belletti, which was very nicely sung. In fact, the excellence of both singers put the audience in g reat good humour. The great basso, Lablache, appeared next, and rave " Non pin, Andrai," in his•own unequalled style. • He was received most rapturously, and heartily applauded. Madame Sontag next gave the recitative and aria from Donizetti's "0 Luce di quiest Amina" in most splendid style. We have not ourselves heard this celebrated vo calist since hor retircmcnt, some years ago, from the stage into what we trusted was the prosperous and happy walks of private life, in a distinguished position. But if it was possible for such talents as hers to rust in such a life, this effort proved at once that they had nut done so. Her forte was that of other days—full, deep, rich ; her piano the most beautiful that we ever heard from any artiste. The lowest, most subdued of her notes were heard as dis tinctly throughout the house as if every delighted listener had' been in immediate proximity to her, apparently, effortless warbling. 'She was encored most enthusiasti cally. Signor Calzolari sung next a beautiful aria from Mo zart's Don Giovanni—" 11 mio tesoro"-very beautifully. His fine natural voice, without the slighest approach to falsetto, was admirable ; and the feeling which he threw into the attain elicited an unanimous encore. Signor &Heti followed, in Rica's " Sulla Poppa," which he sung splendidly, and was rewarded with an en core. M. Thalberg played a fantasia on subjects from Lucretia Borgia in his usual fine style. Miss Whitnall's song. " Sandy and Jenny," was very finely sung, and was enthusiastically-encored. We have little time left to remark upon more than Thalberg's splendid fantasia, which was encored, Sontag's duetto with Miss Whitnall's sul aria, which was a fine piece of vocalism, and the duetto by Signor Lablache and F. La blache, and Sontag's bolero, which was a most splendid performance. _ _ In the second part the gems were the singing lesson— Sontag and Lablache—and " Home, sweet home," by Sontag, which was sung three times. A more beautiful English piece of vocalism we neverheard. We regret that we are compelled to pause ; but we must state that no con cert in this town was ever more satisfactory to the audi ence. and we hone that its results will prove equally so to Miss Whanall. ALDERLEY EDGE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, week or two since, I made up my mind to rest from my labours, and rusticate. But where : that was the question. In Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, lam an old traveller, and felt quite undecided which of the sister countries to visit. Come, said my friend, 'tis not always distance lends enchantment to the view ; I know a beauti ful spot in the neighbourhood of Manchester. How I laughed at the idea. Nevertheless, as he seemed per fectly in earnest, I joined him, and we put ourselves in the railway, and I made up my mind to be disappointed. Every journey has an end, and ours ended at Alderley Edge. Come, said I, as we paced the magnificent hotel, and prepared for a good dinner, (which, by the bye, quite answered our expectations,) this is not so bad. But now for the scenery, said our friend, and away we trudged up a moderately steep hill, beautifully studded with mansions, cottages, and gardens, and after a pleasant hour's stroll, we arrived at the top of the Edge. Here, a view burst upon us, which, as we are neither painters nor poets, excels our powers of description. The Edge, or hill, is broken and precipitous, but can easily be traversed by the footpaths, which run in every zigzag direction, inter— spersed with trees and wells of pure water. The scenery from the top excels, in beauty and richness of landscape, the Vale of Clwyd. As far as the eye can traverse it is one huge park, variegated with mansions and cottages, which appear only to have been placed, or rather dropped, into their positions to add effect to the scenery. We slept soundly, and arose the next morning like giants re freshed. It was Sunday, so after a hearty breakfast, we started for Alderley Church, which is about two miles from the hotel. We had seen many beautiful villas and mansions, but these all sunk into insignificance after visit ing the rectory. The venerable and splendid church, with its old ycw trees—in the inside of one of which, by the bye, eight or nine persons could find shelter, we availed ourselves of its hospitable trunk, and as we gazed upon the lovely scene before us, we mentally exclaimed these people can know nothing of the sin and misery with which the world abounds : everything seemed so tranquil, peaceful, and happy. We left the spot with regret and many a lingering look. We cannot speak in too high terms of the civility and attention we met with at the hotel. Everybody seemed desirous to please, even the two large and beautiful Newfoundland dogs belonging to the hotel who accompanied us in our rambles.—Yours, &c.. A LOVER OF THE COUNTRY. THE NEW TWO -SHILLING PIECE.—We are informed by a gentleman from London, that the government have stopped the issue of the new coin, in consequence of the strong popular feeling manifested at the absence on it of the recognition of the supreme sovereignty of God, in the letters " D. G., F. D.," hitherto imprinted on our whole coinage. The coin is to be re-issued with the letters added. We are sure this will be highly satisfactory to our readers. CHURCH EXTENSION.—An advertisement in another column directs the attention of the public to the opening of the new church of St. Matthew's, Toxteth, on Sunday next, when two sermons will be preached, on behalf of the building fund, by the Lord Bishop of Chester and Rev. Fielding Ould. St. Matthew's, Toxteth, has been erected in the midst of a poor and dense population ; and a con siderable portion of the sittings which is contains will be free, or let at low rates, adapted to the circumstances of the labouring classes. We understand that the money hitherto raised by the building committee is not sufficient to defray the necessary expense, which has been unex pectedly increased during the progress of the undertaking. We trust, therefore, that the appeal to be made on Sun day next will be followed by liberal collections. Such calls upon Christian benevolence deserve the serious attention of all who have the ability to respond to them, and who desire to relieve the spiritual destitution of their fellow men. Oct. 2, 1540._ SUSPENSION OF RELATIONS BET TURKEY AND RUSSIA. of diP ICP Intelligence has been received of th e break 0.. oft' matic relations between Russia and the Porte,: f AAP having positively refused to yield to the deman of tria and Russia with reference to the extradition. ° e i ne it suth and the Hungarian refugees. This intel li g e nW most important, and we may fear that unless •;,2 trat f o ri , foreseen event occurs, war is imminent. Sirl,oh Canning has caused a report to be made of th° forces at Constantinople, and takes the initiative s i econ oi porting the Sultan. His exce ll en cy is wa rnolY by the French ambassador. . f-rs I Bern and Kossuth are at Widdin, It ' a them take astffe A aaim l r l .e o r th i e a r . rmeaatdtyersforsintkheiirn reception, ce btoef,ore.ct.abistbst6 England. By intelligence of a later date, received Via 3111111 ,00.- 1- " A (Morning Herald) are informed that the two dign a ,, s ad Powers had " struck their flags at Constantinople:boos that the English and French ambassadors had selit'to the dispatches for their respective fleets, to give effecSal tan to firm position they had assumed in advising the iiivelY concede nothing to the Emperors. We cannot 8...0 wet vouch for the accuracy of the above report. Coo lo° intelligence from the English fleet left the in-Chief at Argostoli. The Sept.fol I o wi 22 n : g is our Ih a c v o a rre n s a p t o h n i a d g en t t o ' s a d d letter ta in fre i m d a s rc ri Ll dated ' of the 20th, except news from the Levant ° f th t e andi d gr atest importance. Owing to some misundersoungy (particulars have not reached me) touching the t Coo' rians, Russia and Austria have struck their 9aa far their stantinople, while England and France have sen t fleets." hss not Prince Radzivil, the Czar's aide-de-camp' ; he CPO hesitated to say openly that it is the intention 0 , r:Atices to have every one of the Polish and Hungarian .'",;,15; now in Turkey hanged the instant they fall into bondll and after this unblushing avowal he has the t'lie insist upon the extradition of his intended vice% p op whole Turkish nation p ro tests against being rasa cipators cipators in such a murderous policy. The Gra n no o gle wit)-. one and nevoitcoe defyhav h ed e e r t t e h rm re i a n t e s. determined tToheressiusgrhadgesp-prortei is sup P° their resolution, and in this his Majes t y 5 by the Sheik-ul-Islaem, or chief of the religion, t hat, whole corps of Ulemas. The Sheik-ul-Islaen, salof on icb tptoaorridiigntaiycivenae ordains pah Radzivil zrt h i e t vth s e ht p fiaoo o dl o nl o r wtw r iot e eha f r u istl g how e e e fh s soi‘ w :ala o trh u aeon l d im: be ehmt sai shall r t o al gns t t i ie o ys of the first principles of the Mussulman religion, bwomspi, distinction of creed or country In the interviess:rd not be CO' disguise the indignation he felt at the demand of t and at the overbearing tone in which it was rancle. melt Bishop of Llandaff is better, but is til l °tie weak. sa ifest ° ' The simple meaning of John O'Connell s ( 40 alluded to in another column, is, that he isjea'7o revive progress of the Young Ireland party, and wiel les the deceased Repeal Association. • n raPi d A ll The combination against rents is spreadilTrelo..• throughout the southern and midland counties 0 !` ice rsal, , Throughout Carlow the system appears to be d . isss ol and the conspiracy is not con fi ned to the small farmers. • ra (vole Some further startling railway disclosures are with of presentation to the public. The Caledonian l t in inc es• a capital of £4,306,000, is about to be placed out e f o i the tigation, and if the allegations which have in " - to be shareholders to demand a committee shall 100"....ye/ well founded, another tale as grievous as any that 0. / 1 0 , been furnished will shortly make its appearance. _ A 61 pily, however, it does not seem that it will include been those deliberate iniquities, the fame of whic h h om ed bf monopolised by the concerns exclusively V" ar e the Mr, Hudson. Mismanagement and reckless folly _ r aw principal charges against the directors, whil e r e g t ;i7e , their personal honour and intentions there seera s Livourable feeling. con' SANGUINARY CONFLICT.—On Thursday las.i ars , siderable body of men, armed, and provided wit gil intered the farm of a tenant at Gowran, pce kenny, in order to remove the crop, which was ie "' og le of bailiffs who had distrained forrent. A violent slr ryiag took place, but the farmer's p ar ty succeeded i n , ca b i r • tae off the crops. The bailiffs in charge were he a de d d u ring sons of the landlord, who is Captain Watson , and one °I theco s n e fl v i e c r t ely. both A th e se the hese attacking en t lem party enwere wou n ded' -;th them w severe crops ly injured th that was he sh dea died soon after. 14° 0 the one of em ot d, andearreto rtehteiri r eg it standing these fearful circumstances, the co rn vc and being removed, though one man lies dead in the PP' another is lifless in the neightourhood. rkab le The Dublin University Magazine has ren lioo article on the alarming reduction in the circula notes and gold in Ireland, grounded upon the etT6OO the Gazette. In January, 1847, the notes in cire , n n oet, in Ireland, amounted to £7,500,000. In S e p 001 1849, they have fallen to £3,800,000. Our cantem.P.,,,er says that, " Adding to this decrease the amount of coin withdrawn from circulation, the entire circUTnie, medium in Ireland has, in thin abort sp aCe a l e° diminished one-half. But this is not all, nor evtina. worst. It is in the notes under £5 that the great dim' tion has taken place : 435 " Under £5. A1 5 9,t0 In man. 1810, the elrcuiuUuu was.. 4,304,0( 0 561, 45 „1 In May, 1848, 2,279,211 • • ~.- 1 09 ,7tr. In August, 1849 .. 1,728,367 And during the same period there has been an enor mous And accumulation of silver coin in the banks. In J a bold 1846, they held of silver £260,000;• they lici" £640.000 !" n o the MELANCHOLY FATALITY.—We reg ret to ann ou. decease of Mrs. John Anderson, theegamiable Part nel :de• the proprietor of the Belfast Commercial Chro,,, The melancholy event occurred on Sabbath eve n e e, Mrs. Anderson died, in the very bloom of her exis e t e o f 0 the young mother of an infant family, and the wi le ; of devotedly, attached husband, after a few-hours' alli es- I'll o si f st t e h r i , s m s i u s d s d Ern en i a ly ffi L ic o ti u o i n sa is K t e h r e r, c d i i r e c d um in sta h n e c r e , the prevailing epidemic; and what adds to the solemnbler lath r oe after an equally brief illness, of the same disease, ° ll , the Wednesday previous. Both ladies were 01 Rev. John Kerr, Rector of Kilkerrin, diocese of Two years since Mr. Anderson lost an attached brothero; during the prevalence of fever in this town—not m hos weeks since a beloved and revered father--and h e for now to mourn the loss of her to whom he might 10° . es of solace and support in the trials of life and the du ti rrbe an arduous profession.—Belfast News-Letter. "lona bereaved gentleman is brother to the Rev. Dru in- Anderson, of this town. - 1 hal DESOLATION OF IRELAND. —A gentleman •-- n o se made an excursion through Limerick, describes inls s ay tracts of land as lying waste and uncultivated. Tit led farms are unoccupied, and the tenants have ab!u°.„eat and left the country. He goes onto describe this ''"" r ae. able condition as follows :—I asked why such s . 4a bly lancholy state of things existed ? was in t 0 be answered by a statement of facts (which believe ,`", l as true in all particulars)—that so heavy and intolerahie of the burden of taxation, two successive poor-rate s ad Is. 6d., in addition to aheavy county-cess, an d solo° c e unremunerative the prices for all agricultu ral Pra t, n 0 aa t that the land was not worth the cultivation ; ° a lo e matter how careful the economy of the proprietor. be 0 ever improved the system of agriculture, he mu st Oaf loser-by any attempt to cultivate the lands, and b at th in that eon ,remain waste and uncultivated. I could observe t og this county the Sabbath-day waadesecrated by the cu„ n as down of the crops, which were conveyed away t° ether locality : this was done to evae the poo r-rat e„, 0 0 lector and the county- c e ss co ll ec t or , b e t w een who' ll L". Ar st was generally a race to see who could make the ta seizure, whilst the unfortunate landlord was obl i g e " remain a passive spectator of the plunder. i.- The Bishop of London held, an ordination on a l 4 01 at Fulham. Mr. Thomas Maxwell and Mr. Georg e wer e both of the Church Missionary College, at Islington,viv. presented to the right reverend prelate by the Fte v ,b the, Gibson Humphry, M.A., hislordship's chaplain , w" 00° customary assurance that he bad examined their' old found them meet for the•priestly office to which tieo sought to be admitted. Hislordship put several atle tt s e d tO to the candidates who were afterwards duly adru l V,,areg i the priesthood. 'Mr. Maxwell and Mr. Nicol are c°,--005 gentlemen, natives of Africa, and were ordaine d ur, r tbe on Trinity Sunday last, at St. Paul's Cathedral, d u,' tao Bishop of London. They are about prvueetliogr ef. t auspicea of the Church, Missionary Society, , ( 4 0 0 0 -• Leone, where there is at present a scholastic estab",';.boli• in connexion with the Church of England, but no %pet The newly ordained gentlemen will start for the s elt• scene of their future labours in the course of nex t u rch A great effort is about to be m a de, both by the C ti b ou o f Missionary Society and the Society for the ProPaga w a rs' the Gospel in Foreign Parts, to extend missionary c 5 tions throughout Africa ; indeed, the colonial his°°'titig fund committee have intimated their intention of er e ,, s iale Sierra Leone into an episcopal see at the earliest P°:soas opportunity. It is desired by some- influential Pe'oo, that the new prelate should be one of Africa's sable '5441 " a real black bishop," as Mr. Stowell recently exlielag it. There is some probability of this suggeati un 4 can carried out, although it has been for some time 1 ,11- 4 be fidently stated that the first occupant of the see vr o ' de, the Rev. T. Weeks, M.A., incumbent of St. T h y Lambeth, who was formerly principal of the t; LIVERPOOL : TUESDAY, OCT. 2, 1849. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED 1 4 EVERY TUESDAY MORN 1 By JOSHUA FLETCHER LACE, of 53, Grove street, a° LEONARD ADDISON, of 14, Great Orford-street, At No. 4, ST. GEORGE'S CRESCENT, LIVERPOOfro to Orders for Advertisements received by Messrs. 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' ltt,,, or this 1 E 11 ,. t 0 his t i e s '4lll t4t? whiC ) i 4:5 1' , / t lt i l,lis ..e de i 40 1[,.., ',. , 1 .ex,,, k 0 E ' kkon ~, - k N 1) I'Wes 0 4 4 ,,... c on , r o . b g ik& ti p i iii - ..0i t4011 , 1 -. ..1 )1 , 1 ', i 1- 1E 4 , t - ‘•(th;1 1 ,, 11s o „,, ' ' 1 t„,4 ° ,!,,,Y, Til t( ) - .n•bAy 411clude 14. itro wxi PA tie .'l-8 1 -] il .„. itlie_ disti lq' i , and :4...5„ asses to 0 eq at , 1, 41 1‘; c 10 41 , 1: 4) ) i r - ;:t 1 iteaart:l S e „, PE k Is s s. at h e App, 'ilketo;'" 1,111 1 4 . b EL' () AR '.4.1,. 11 1(1 - °W httSDA S tli tt tlb it e h ] AY \:_44kee d G 11 MIS ' l3 ct : 1, 114 k P • ri t , At om. e ° 4 AND t:i• rtitt e het, VtN t X '1'14• 4 \ l4 o lltlll V h 4 4'° 4 if Jt 444 1~ ~ t~ ~ -~ 4 Ad