The Sun. — London, England, 1840-12-31 00:00:00

I I I EVENING EDIIION. FRANCE. The Gazette des Tribune — t — say;, "It is announced that in the application of the family of . Maria Capelle, (widow of Laffarge) ;to the Royal clemency, his Majesty has remitted that part of the sentence which condemned her:to stand in the pillory." The Journal des Debats announces that M. Cochelet, Consul in Egypt, whose situation has become so difficult, has asked for his recal. The Courier de la Moselle says that cannon of large calibre from the foundry at Strasburg, are arriving every day at Mitz. They are deposited in the arsenal of the artillery. Some detachments of horses also pass through our city.—Le Constitutionnel. The differences between Spain and Portugal seem likely to be terminated by the mediation of England. If this is so, the French Cabinet will have committed a great fault, for after having lost its influence in the East, it would endanger it likewise in the Peninsula, and all to the advantage of the Power which tends again to become its rival, instead of its ally, as it ought to be.l A law has just been issued in Austria prohibiting games of chance. In Prussia the Government is having a civil code drawn up for the whole Prussian monarchy. This measure is Isteucied for a two-fold object—first to give to the kingdom a unity--a political homogeneousness—without which it would certainly not retain its rank; the second, to bring back under this pretext the Rhenish provinces to the an cient German legislation, which is more conformable to the views of absolutism. Hatred of the Revolution and of the French laws, checks in this instance the progressive tendency et a Cabinet, which shows so much ability in many respects.—Le Temps. General de Garraube has been re-elected Deputy for Lalande, in the Dordogne, by 115 out of 150 votes ; and M. Legrand has been re-elected Deputy for Clermont by 301 out of 353 votes. rse iloniteur Parisien says—" M. Thiers is moat ac live', employed on the report of the Bill for the fortifica tions of Paris, and will be able to lay it before the Com mittee in a few days. His decided intention is to comply with the majority of his colleagues, in confining himself within the main question, avoiding the points which have lately occupied nine sittings of the Chamber." Tue following, from Vienna, is given by the Commerce, but requires coufirmation :—" In consequence of the Council of Ministers having come to a resolution to march 40,000 men to the Rhine, Count Kollowrath, whose in fluence has hitherto counterbalanced that of Prince Met ternich, and who is for peace at any price, has demanded leave of absence for eight months, which is considered as amounting to a retirement. M. Eichhof, the Minister of Finance, who coincides with Count Kollowrath, and has maintained that the resources of the State were not suffi cient to support the proposed armaments, has received an honourable dismission. This measure will probably be carried into execution without delay. It is said to bays been recommended by the l'russian General Grollman, lent expressly by his Government to induce Austria to take up arms in concert with the rest of the Germanic Confederation. It is further reported that 30,000 men are to be sent to reinforce the army of Italy. In wle.' to meet these expenses a loan of 50,000,000 florins is talked of." A Munich letter, in the Commerce, says that in the spring a corps of 80,000 federal troops will be assembled at Heilbronn under the command of the King of Wirtem berg, ostensibly for the purpose of making extensive exer lilies and manoeuvres. Among other changes introduced nto the equipment of the Bavarian troops is that of sub stituting a new sabre-bayonet, similar to that used by the French corps of African tirailleurs, for the old kind of bayonet. The sergeants are to carry a rifle like those used by the Tyrolese, and all the men are to have percussion muskets. The British Government having asked for in formation on the kind of percussion-lock adopted for the Bavarian army, the King has ordered a complete set of models of all kinds of arms to be sent to London. The Basle Gazette mentions that the Council of State of Berne has, in compliance with a demand frem the Vo rort, piped at the disposal of the Federal Government fifty pieces of cannon in addition to its regular contingent. It is said to be in contemplation to call out the Landwehr in that canton. Messrs. Visconti and Labrouste went to the Inval:des yesterday to make arrangements for removing the decora tions used for the funeral of Napoleon, and for the transfer of the coffin into the adjoining chapel of Saint Jerome, t.ntil the tomb is erected. They gave orders for the im mediate breaking up of the catafalque in the boat lying off the Esplanade. The statues and other ornaments along the line of the procession will, it is believed, be left feria month. The statue of Immortality, on the steps of the Chamber of Deputies, is boarded up to save it from damage by the works still going on at the pediment of that edifice. BOURSE.--Paills, TUESDAY, DEC. 29. first Highest Lowest Last Price Price. PTICV. Price French A ter Cents llO 50 ... 110 50 110 30 ... 110 4C per Cents 96 75 IN; 75 ... 96 i 5 r 6 75 3 pee t 78 45 650 ... 76 40 ... 78 40 114.4 mt prance...........« E4AR11341 Sant Irt.trr Conn__ 3 per Ceuta 69 45 ... 89 35 ... 80 35 89 35 mew Loan ...-.... 11,,40,41 ........ o' l rlFslVet Si, ... ... ... 8 N atoNtau ... ..• 99!4 1 4 .1.1LWA1 fMOBt• Uermain ....... ..•..... fi4o .• •• C4O ••• 641 Ve sailleedt. ', 3. 50 ... 3tlt 50 • ... 38'2 50 .. 3%2 50 .......... 2tr/ 50 ... 5.97 50 ... 257 50 ••• 97 50 qwl ... 480 ... 480 444' StrArbor' to Bate 5O ... SS7 50 ... 35 ... 236 25 0 team• SPAIN AND POUTUGA Maoittn, DEC. 20.—The courier despatched to Lisbon by the Marquis de Saldanha arid M. de Lima, the Portu guese Minister, in the beginning of the month, has re turned to Madrid with the reply of the Cabinet of Lisbon and despatches from Lord Howard de Walden, our Am bassador. The former anni unced its readiness to leave the adjustment of the differences between the two countries to the mediation of Great Britain, and added, that in no case could the Portuguese Government think of ratifying the treaty of 1635, without previously submitting it to the approbation of the Cortes. It accordingly invited the Spanish Cabinet to have patience for some weeks longer, ledging itself to lay it before the Cortes in the course of January, and to give it its entire support. The Spanish Regency, on the other hand, contended that, as the Treaty had been concluded under the charter of Don P,dro, which did not require the intervention of the Cortes in diplomatic matters, their sanction of a Treaty signed and ratified five years ago might be legally dis pensed with. Lord Howard do W alden fully concurred in the views expressed by Portugal, and the Regency had resolved on waiting until the meeting of the Portuguese Parliament. The reply to the ultimatum of the Duke of Victory, en joining Portugal to execute the Treaty in the space of 25 da)s bad not yet reached Madrid. The Duke was the only member of the Regency who appeared at all interested in the question, and he was actually organizing an army to enforce the pretension of Spain to the free navigation of the Douro. This army is to consist of from 50,000 to 60,000 infantry, eight bat teries of artillery, and between 4,000 and 5,000 cavalry, BELGIUM. - Zeitung. Dec. Barism.s. Dac. 27.—The Minister of Finance informs the holders of the coupons of the loan of thirty millions 4 percents. duo on the lst of January, 1541, that from that day the payment of these coupons will be made by the agents of the Cashier-General of the State at Brussels and in the provinces. The following letter is from the Camp at Beverloe, Dec. 24 :—A great misfortune has taken place five leagues from this place. Yesterday morning the heath and the woods of Portel, lately purchased by a French company at a high price, caught fire. To-day at noon, the hour at which I wrote, the fire continues. Yesterday at four o'clock it appeared to be so near to us that the alarm was sounded, and all the Sappers and Miners, to the number of above 200, armed with shovels and pick-axes, left the camp, but when they had gone two leagues, finding that they were still three leagues from the spot they turned back. It was a fearful sight. The fire spread over ic an extent of more than three leagues, and the column of flame, which was from forty to fifty feet high, might be seen at the distance of fifteen leagues. Baysinx, Dec. 23.—The King and the Royal family will leave Lacken on New Year's eve, to pass the re winder of the winter in the Palace at Brussels. Nineteen men at work in a coal-mine near Liege were drowned on th© 23d, by a sudden inundation of the mine. !SELMAN UNDS—Baussims DEC. :9. Actual Delot, 3},i per Cent. itothechild's Loan, 5 per C.nt 1 ,5% Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent.... 95% 3 per Cent. Loof City, PC3'2,4 per Cent ......... .....- Society of Commerce, 4 Yi per Cent llO Bank of Belgium, 5 per ' 1 ; National Society . Exchange en London (short) —Brussels Papers, Dec. 29. AUSTRIAN FU4LINS.—Vismx•, Dec. 21 rive per Costs. &fetalll4ses • ln Ni Font per Cents. ......... ....... ............ igl 3 % Per Cents. Liana ShaTOS ... 8 .... LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY.) LOIDON, DEC. 31.--.lhk:re has been a brisk thaw t h ro ughout the night, with much rain. Wind this day noo n, ligtt breeze from N. W. and fine. DEAL, Dac. 30.—Wind N.W., moderate.—Arrived di sprightly, Newton, from Terceira. Sailed the Dun dee Merchant, Lakeland, for Hobart Town; Greyhound, Hutchinson; Achilles, Marshall, Mauritius ; Pauline Houghton, Tate, ditto; Horatio, Colem an , J ama i ca; Nautilus, Williams, St. Lucia ; Frances Lawson, Agnew, Sierra Leone; Quiver, Porrett, Azores Clarcta, Allond, Barcelona; Wm. Bailey, Cooper , Mauritius. LIVERPOOL, DEC. 30.—Wind W. e• W. --Arrived tli c Demerara, Bauron, from Quebec. Sailed, th e Meg of Moldon, Cookson, for Calcutta ; James Lyon, Peel, New foundland ; Oriental (steamer), Soy, Alexandria. A schooner, supposed the Sarah of Garlieston, !is aground on Burbo Bank. The Pleiades of Whitby, timber laden, and abandoned, was passed, 2,1 inst. lat. 4t, lon. 42, by the Devereaux. SALCOMBE, Dr.c Sailed, the Eel, Bond, fur St. Jag° da Cuba. PLYMOUTH, DEC. 30.—Wind N. E.—Arrived St. Her nari) Lopez, from Fayal. The Elizsbcth M iria, Bch vends, from Rochefort to O,terrisoer, is discharging her cargo, being heated. The Catherine, Thornton, has been in contact with a vessel, and received damage. WELLS, DEC. 30.—The Plansworth of Sunderland, is on shore four miles to the esstward, and it is feared will become a wreck. MILFORD, Dsc. 29.—The Prince Albert, sunk in Dale Roads, has been raised and brought in. Hum, Dee. 30.—Wind N. W. by N.—Sailed the Ori int, Stegl, for Tampico; Ricardo, M'Arthur, Calcutta. A sloop from Grimsby to Wakefield, laden with wheat and wool, sunk in the Roads last night, having got athwart hawse a brig, crew saved. Haavvicit, Dec. 30.—Arrived the Johan Carl, Jahney, front Trinidad. T HE ENGLISH CHRONICLE, AND WHITEHALL EVENING POST. On SATURDAY NEXT, a Double Sheet (the size of the Double Herald) will be given, in order to present the readers of this Journal with the " Chronology for 1840," according to annual custom. The increasing circulation of the English Chronicle, the conductors are proud of acknowle d g in g as a most gratifying testimony of the public estimation of those steady and consistent, yet Liberal Conservative principles, which it has ever been the aim of its writers to maintain. The ENGLISH CHRONICLE is published three times a week, viz.—TuEsnwv, THURSDAY, and SATimnAY, price Fivepence. Annual Subscription 31. ss. Orders received by all Newsmen ; and at the office, 103, Shoe-lane, Fleet-street. HOLIDAY AMUSEMENTS IN THE EGYPTIAN HALL. NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN MU SEUM.—This immense and curious Collection is Open during tke Day and Evening, and on this and each Evening of this Week, at Eight o'Clock, will be repeated the PICTL RESQUE GROUPS and TABLEAUX VIVANT, produced by Twenty Living Figures in full Indian Costumes, Weapons, and Paint, giving their Dances, Councils, &e. &e. Admission One Shilling. " THE CAPTAIN'S" CURE FOR THE ASTHMA AS A NEW YEAR'S GIFT. THE undersigned has this week visited the old people afflicted with Asthmatic complaints, now inmates of the St. Martin's, Clerkenwell, and St. Sepulchre work housed, &c., in order to exemplify the providential and im portant discovery of a REMEDY for immediate RELIEF of the most inveterate ASTHMA, or difficulty of breathing, namely, the inhaling through the organs of tke nose the heat from the flame of a lighted candle, at the same moment closing the lips. The happy result therefrom, on this vital introduc tion of artificial heat during times of the winter solstice, to persons under an apparent nervous feeling of in part-suspended animation, produces the most desirable effects, as relieving that " tightness" or unpleasant . sensation attending on partial suffocation, and giving not only present ease and clearness to the respiratory functions, but a general feeling of recovery for the time present, until the approach of the sunbeams of the spring. The above insight, under natural interpretation, for neutralizing the superabundant " sulphureo-saline" qualities of the tough viscid matter called phlegm-dross, that predominate in the system under the asthmatic disease, added to which, at each in-breath, are inhaled similar particles floating in this sea-bound" Atmosphere, causes the undersigned to reflect that a species of lamp might be adopted, containing a lighted taper, suspended from the neck over the chest close under the chin, having its covering perforated with holes, whereby no danger could accrue to the wearer's dress, as apparent, might ensue to the aged individuals in the ;workhouses alluded to, as others. CHARLES ACKERLEY, Illustrator of the Scriptural Similitudes of the Bible and Sectorial Line, as now brought to light by him. Chambers, 5, Swallow-street, Quadrant. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We really cannot answer the question of " Terra," and as lawyers differ on the point, the Freemen will probably have the honour of meeting the Noble Duke in a Court of Law. THE ERA NEWSPAPER of SUNDAY, 3d January 1841, will contain, in addition to all the News of the Week, Captain Marryat's Nev Tale—The Poacher (continued) — Glimpses of the Turf for 1841—Comments and Suggestions— The 'Turf Summary concluded—and a curious Handicap Table V (by ates). NEW NOVEL, EDITED by THEODORE HOOK, Esq. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols. post Bvo., with nn. merous Illustrations by Phis, pETER PRIGGINS THE COLLEGE SCOUT. Edited by THEODORE HOOK, Esq. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. NEW NAVAL NOVEL. Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., THE NAVAL SURGEON, By the Author of " Cavendish," " The Flying Dutchman," &c Henry Colburn, Vublisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. yr Is MAJESTY the EMPERO R of 1. AUSTRIA having AUTHORISED and GUA RANTEED several DISTRIBUTIONS of MONE Y DIVIDENDS, which (though they are i'4o LOTTERIES) offer many possibilities of obtaining LARGE FORTUNES. HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, Are now SELLING BONDSfor the said DISTRIBU TIONS. Persons desirous to purchase for the next Distribution, may re ceive, PREVIOUS to giving any order, the PROS -3 ECTUS tnd PARTICULARS, upon addressing WITHOUT DE LAY, a line to HEINE, BROTHERS, at HAMBURGA. THE NEXT DISTRIBUTION, managed and guaranteed by the Austrian Government, contains TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED DIVIDENDS, Amounting to £954,888, The Dividends being £15,000 £6OO £7O 0 £37 10 7,500 300 50 0 37 0 3,800 200 42 0 36 0 1,800 150 40 10 35 0 1,200 100 39 0 THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN. UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS. THIS EVENING, DEC. 31. Will be repeated Shakspere's MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM. Theseus, Mr. Cooper; Quince, Mr. Bartley; Bottom, Mr. Harley ; Flete, Mr. Keeley ; Snout, Mr. Meadows ; Snug, Mr. I. Matthews ; Hermia, Mrs. Nisbett ; Oberon, Madame Vestris ; Titania, Mrs. W. Lacy ; Puck, Miss Marshall; First Fairy, Miss Rainfortb. After which, The NEW GRAND CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME will be repeated, entitled THE CASTLE OF OTRANTO ; OR, HARLEQUIN AND THE GIANT HELMET. Harlequin, Mr. C. .1. Smith ; Clown, Mr. T. Ridgway ; Pantaloon, Mr. Morelli ; Columbine, Miss Fairbrother. To-morrow, The Merry Wives of Windsor, with The New Pantomime. Doors to Ise opened at half-past six—the performances to .iosnmence at. Seam o'Clock. Tiskete and plates for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Grogan, at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may De had upon application. Dress Boxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 3s. 641. ; First and Second Circles, ss. ; Second Price, 2s. 6d. ; Pit, 3s. ; Second Price, 2s. ; Gallery, Is. Private Boxes to be had seely of Mr. Andt ews, bookseller 167, New Bond-street. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. makers. Fifth' Night of the Grand Christmas Pantomime, and Grand Dioramic Annual. The principal Characters in the Panto mime by the Boleno Family ; Mr. Southby, the Popular Clown ; Signior Felix Carlo, from Francenis, at Paris and Miss Sharpe. THIS EVENING, DEC. 31, Will be represented a New Domestic Drama, entitled MARTHA WILLIS, THE MAID SERVANT. Martha Willis, Mrs. Henry Vining. Supported by the entire strength of the Couspany, After which will be repeated the New Comic Pantomime, entitled HARLEQUIN AND MY LADY LEE ; OR, GOOSEY GANDER AND THE SPELL-BOUND GOSLINGS. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDOR TO-MORROW. sfornti, 57 minutes after 3.1 Evening 15 minutes after 7. The hiblication of t e Evening Edition •f Ma Sox coma menced at 20 minutes after Three. LONDON: THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1840. The present state of the money market, as might be expected, gives rise to considerable discussion. Interest on discounting bills of small amounts, though of excellent character, is said to be very high ; and we read a statement in the Times of Tuesday that as much as 60 per cent. is demanded. One of the latest changes in the law concerning oney was the abolition of the usury laws, and the conclusion is immediately jumped to, that this has been most injurious. " Whatever may have been said," writes the City correspondent of the Times, " of the principle qf free trade, as applicable to money equally with all other commodities, the practice has proved so infamously bad that many intelligent persons who approved of it at first are beginning to doubt the principle itself." Poor free trade is to bear all the blame of the avarice of money brokers. In this case, however, free trade does not deserve it. As long as the charter of the Bank of England exists, and the Mint regulations exist, and as long as whole heaps of restrictive laws on private and joint-stock banks exist, it is absurd to talk of free trade in money. The public have over and over again demanded restrictions on bank ing—over and over again they have been gratified. Since the abolition of the small notes scarcely a session has passed but some new restriction has been imposed on banks and banking, and when the trade in money has thus been hampered, ignorant and impudent writers accuse free trade in money, which obviously has no existence, causing those evils, which have a more certain and obvious source in .e restrictions imposed by very ignorant law- In our opinion great misapprehension exists on the subject of money, and mistaken demands are made on the Legislature in consequence. It is said that coining money is peculiarly the prerogative of the Crown, the attribute of sovereignty ; it is seen that hank notes supersede coins, and it is inferred ;hat bank notes fall under the same rules as coins, and the Legislature is required to regulate them, or to take the issue of them into its own hands. Hence the present demand of a national bank, which rests on the supposition that to regulate the currency is one of the attributes of sovereignty. If that be so, how comes sovereignty to place its crown in the lap of the Bank of England ? The present regulator of the currency is not the Sove reign—the Old Lady of Threadneedle-street is said to be. But the Old Lady does not regu late it, she leaves it to the bullion merchants. The Bank of England professes to regulate its issues by the quantity of gold in its coffers ; it buys all the gold that is brought to it at so much per ounce; the gold brought to it depends on the quantity imported ; hence the real regulators of the currency are the bullion merchants, whose operations are determined by the state of the market. Neither the Bank of England, nor the Sovereign, now regulates the currency, and if ever hitherto that was the attribute of the Crown, it has, like many other prerogatives, passed silently into oblivion. All that the Crown, or all that the law does on the subject, is to regulate the size and weight of the coin, and to determine the relative value of the silver and gold coins. Even this it does errone ously, and fixes the relation by law different from the relative value of the metals in the market, and so enacts by statute a standing falsehood. The Sovereign has in many cases tampered with the currency, debased it, and cheated his creditors; but, at least since the discovery of the new world—when bullion flowed into Europe in great abundance, and has since continued to flow—the 'value of money, however coined, has depended much more on the comparative productiveness of the mines than on any laws whatever. One great element of the value of money, in fact, is the quantity in circulation. For many years the importation of bullion has been free, and for some years the exportation of coin has been free. As the Sovereign does not and can not control the quantity of money, he cannot con trol its value, and his power over it, in point of fact, is now next to nothing. Mischief, by debas ing the coin, or by enacting falsehoods, the sove , reign authority can do ; but besides merely dividing and stamping the bullion—which should be divided into aliquot parts, and left to find their value in the market—it can do no good whatever. Now, if this be true of metallic money, or even an approximation to truth, it is a revolting absur dity to claim for the Sovereign authority and power over paper money. The maxim of our fathers was—" The power of the Crown has increased, is increasing, and ought to be diminished." The maxim of those who continually ask for new re strictions on the issue of bank-notes or banks—on personal liberty—on locomotion—is, "The power of the Crown is not enough, it ought to be increased, and we will increase it. by all the means in our power." How can commercial men require the landlords to respect the principles of free trade, when, from the heart of this commercial metropolis, a commercial man, writ ing for one of the leading journals says, "the issuing of paper money by copartneries, is an objectionable interference with the rights of the Crown." Such a writer should attend lectures on political economy at some mechanics' institute, and then he would learn, what we supposed every tyro knew, that credit-notes, though they displace money, whether issued by copartneries or single bankers, are pro mises to pay money, and are not money, and that interference with that branch of private business by the sovereign poser is an unwarrantable proceeding. Commercial paper in all its vast ramifications is founded on the credit of commercial men. It grows in no degree or form from the action of Go vernment ; it has come into general use long since the prerogatives of the Crown were sketched out in constitutional law ; it is the offspring of social progress, and has come into being, and grown almost to maturity, before it has attracted the notice of meddling, ignorant quacks ; it is founded, too, on a great natural fact, and comes_ therefore universally into use wherever commerce exists and extends. The fact is that commodities require unequal times to prepare and bring them to market. If they could all be pre pared in the same time, or just as wanted, they would be exchanged for one another, and credit would be unknown and unnecessary ; but as mat ters have not been so created, credit is known and necessary. The merchant, for example, who is engaged in the China trade, expects no return for a year, but he must, in the meantime, carry on his business. He draws and negotiates bills, to be paid when his " ship comes home." Some similar fact lies at the bottom of all good commercial bills. They are all issued on commodities on their way to market, and are founded on the expectation of having, by the future sale of commodities, the means of re. deeming them. What on earth can the Legisla ture, composed in part of Bishops and lay Lords, who despise commerce, hare to do with such bills ? They might as well regulate every single transaction on 'Change as in terfere with the creation of commercial bills. In what respect, now, does the issue of promises to pay a sum on demand differ from the issue of pro mises to pay a sum in three or six months, that the former should be called an invasion of the preroga tive of the Crown, and the latter a commercial transaction. Both are issued on the credit of indi viduals, or on the credit of co-partneries, and if one should escape the fetters of the law-maker, we cannot see a reason for subjecting the other to them. Suppose the promise was to pay on demand a quarter of an ounce of gold or four ounces of silver, would that be money ? And if it would not, how does the promise to pay about an equal value in gold and silver to the weight mentioned be conic money ? We are quite sure that any argument which goes to justify the Legislature in meddling, with promises to pay on demand, by whomsoever is sued, will equally justify the Legislature in med dling with promises to pay at specific dates ; and those who unthinkingly ask the interference in one case, on the ground of the issue being a violation of the Sovereign's right, must demand it in all. Far from believing that setting the trade in money free has caused the evils alluded to at the commencement of this article, we believe that they are caused by the restrictions which yet remain on it, and they will only be got rid of by removing the restrictions. For commercial men to be opposed to freedom is, unhappily, a sign that they feel themselves not trustworthy. At least, each one suspects his neighbour, and needs some guarantee for his transactions, besides the honesty of those he deals with, We see with regret, then, on ac- , ,'• - .. „ r 0...,. 43,14,-4,4.5.54....\ y.,,./._. - x-r44,w,441- .., .f :..k-,;_ , ...,: c. , . - \44711‘.. Zi . te ...',±-, ult. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31, lB4O. count of the shade it casts on their general probity, that they leave the advocacy of perfect freedom in all branches of trade, including banking in all its branches, to non•commercial writers. The British Critic, a work " Conducted by Churchmen, and contributed to by the most un- qualified admirers of our Establishment, who scruple not to maintain that the Anglican Episcopal Church is the true Apostolical Church of Christ," stated in No. 56, p. 346, what follows : Out of the hundreds and thousands of children in our large towns that are taught in our National and Sunday Schools, with some labour and some skill, and certainly at much expense, there is only here and there a solitary exception to the following startling and la mentable fact : the moment they have outgrown the school, they cease to attend Church. If they have any sort of seriousness, they join the Dissenters ; if they have not, they quietly settle into Heathenism. This is so alarming a statement, coming from such a quarter, and so likely to be true, that a gen- tleman who calls himself CLERICUS, and describes himself as a friend to the Establishment, has indited a sensible well-written letter to the Bishop of LONDON to inquire into its cause and suggest a re medy. The writer's observations, which are all tem perately and well-expressed, go a long way to con- finn some of the remarks which we have occasion- ally made, in a far bitterer spirit than his, we admit, on the Church E!tablishment. We shall first quote what he says as to the fact of the so-called poor man's Church being forsaken by the poor. After adverting to the education of the poor in Infant Schools, in the Church Catechism, in the National and Sunday Schools, and in the indifference which, according to the Briiish Critic, immediately fol lows, the author says : But let us follow this youth a little further: the period arrives when, from the loss of parents, sickness, or other affliction, he is brought to serious reflection : that seriousness to which the writer in the British critic alludes, takes place. He begins to think on death and judgment ; a fear comes upon him, and a conviction of his ungodly edition, of the spiritual destitution of his immortal soul, Now I believe, and I am inclined to think your Lordship will not differ from me, that thi s is the motion of the Spirit of God striving with the spirit of man. gal may resist these gracious influences, —he may quench the incipient spark of that heavenly fire ; but it the word of God be truth, we are right in believing that this is the work of God's Holy Spirit. Now what must be the first reflections of the youth thus awakened, thus roused from a state of ungodliness, or at least of indifference to religion ? The prodigal son, when in this condition, thought directly of his father's house, of all le had there left, once so dear to him ; and his fixed determination was to return. If he could be an hired servant in his father's house, his utmost wish would be satisfied. And no one can doubt but the first thought of the youth is towards that Church with which alone he can have any religious association : his mind necessarily reverts to those forms of religion with which alone he is acquainted : his first impression must be to go to his parish church. But mark the fact—lie goes to the meeting-house. A de sire after spiritual things has been excited in his mind, but no association draws him to that place where alone he has been in the habit of religious exercise ; he recall no scenes in that house, which are now congenial to his spiritual desires ; lie turns his back upon that which should be unto hia t as his father's house, and goes to the dwelling of the stranger. The reason must be, (adds the writer, a little fur ther on)—and it is of no avail to conceal the fact from ourselves—that the doctrines or forms of our Esta blished Church are such, as do not coincide with the re ligious notions and feelings of the middle and lower classes of society, If your Lordship will take the pains of analysing the constitution of our town congregations you will find that they aro composed, with few exceptions, of the higher class of society, of wealthy tradesmen, and of their families and dependents. But where arc the hundreds and thousands of our shop-keepers, artizans, manufacturers and labourers, who constitute nine-tenths of our population ? Go from the parish church to the neighbouring meeting house, and whom do you find there ? Few, very few, of the higher classes, but many respectable, well-doing tradesmen, with a considerable number of the most sober, steady, and industrious of our artizans and labourers ; and among this latter number are found those stray sheep whom the writer in the British Critic defines as those who have any sort of seriousness." So the poor man's Church has no spiritual at tractions for the poor. They go to the Meeting house, and leave the Church, the fabric of which they are, nevertheless, taxed to build and support, to die rich, who, in this case, as in many others, make the poor pay to find them ecclesiastical advantages. The writer concludes from die similarity of the doc trines taught in the Church and in the Dissenting Chapel, that it is not the doctrines themselves, but the forms and words in which they are taught, that disgusts the people, and he gives this very cu rious account of the origin of the Liturgy, affording a striking contrast to th e conduct of existing par sons, who everlastingly talk about the Fathers of the Reformation, without having the least comprehen sion of their character When our Reformers undertook their arduous and important task, they had to deal with an illiterate priesthoed, and an ignorant, suporstitious people, blindly attached to the formularies and rites of Popery ; and they endeavoured to make the transition from the old to the new religion as easy as possible In forming a Liturgy they adopted the framework which they found ready to their hands, removing those parts which they considered erroneous and superstitious, and substituting those pure and scriptural truths which had been lost amid the rubbish of human inventions. They likewise consulted the manners and habits of those for whose purpose it was intended. One service was ac cordingly drawn up to take the place of the Roman Ca tholic mattins ; and this service was appointed to be read every morning at six o'clock, the usual hour of breakfast in those days ; so that every individual in the parish could join in these morning prayers at the time most convenient. They drew up another form of prayer, the Litany, to be used on certain days at cloven o'clo c k, the usual hour of dinner at that period for all dames* ; so that those who were thus inclined, before this meal, could attend a public service of prayer. For Sundays and festivals a third form was appointed, the Communion Service, to be used when the sacra ment was administered or a sermon preached. This would take place at any convenient hour, mostly in the afternoon, when the people were at liberty and in the habit of collecting for such purposes. We may picture to ourselves a Sunday in those days. At a quarter before six the tolling of the parish bell summoned all the parishioners to their mattins, after which they breakfasted. At eleven the bell again warned them that the Litany was about to be read in th e parish church previous to the hour of dinner, when, in large families, the master and his children dined at an upper table, and the domestics at a lower one, par taking of the same fare. In the course of the afternoon their rniniater if a licensed preacher, would again sum mon them to their parish church, or in summer to the villag e cross, where they would hear a sermon ; and at six o'clock the village bell would call them to the evening service, from which they would retire to supper and to their beds at the early hour of eight. It is needless to say that our habits in the nineteenth century are totally different from those of our ancestors of the sixteenth. It suits our habits to have our reli gious servic e between the hours of eleven and one. And, to meet this altered state of things, what course have we pursued? We have taken the three liturgies— which those who composed them intended to be used separately, and at different times—and have compressed them into one continuous service : not to mention that we have increased the length of this one service by the addition of several state prayers. The consequence is, that this form of service is not acceptable to the mass of the people. Excellent as each separate form may be, scriptural and evangelical as the spirit of each, it does not follow that the three united should become that, which their authors never intended, a fit and convenient form of public worship. Could any prophetic individual have told our Re formers, that, in the nineteenth century, the habits and customs of Englishmen would be so altered, that only one service would be used, it could never have entered into their heads to imagine that the rulers of the Church would form one service by taking their three consecutively. They would have said, " When habits are thus altered, no doubt our succes sors in the Church will be able to suit the forms of prayer to those altered habits, as we are now suiting them to the habits of the present generation ; and, moreover, retaining that same spirit which we have en deavoured to instil into our liturgy, they will be able to advance further from Popery than we have ventured to do, surrounded as we arc by difficulties on every side." And that our Reformers reasoned in this way we may fairly conclude from the following passage in the pre face to the Book of Common Prayer :—" Particular forms of divine worship, and the rites and ceremonies appointed to be used therein, being things in their own nature indifferent and alterable, and so acknowledged ; it is but reasonable that, upon weighty and important considerations, according to various exigency of times and occasions, such changes and alterations should be made therein as to those that are in the place of autho. rity should from time to time seem either necessary or expedient." And it is the duty now of those who aro in the place of authority to meet the present exigency of the times, and without altering in any respect the doctrines of our liturgy : to render it more suitable to the taste and habits of the people. Can any person wonder that such a hodge-podge, such a chance-medley, droned out Sunday after Sunday, should fail to excite in this generation the spirit of devotion, and fail to give them any con solation when they are in distress. Now, what is the remedy which this writer,: having so clearly shown the inefficiency of the Church, proposes ? To give us more Bishops, forsooth, though in a some what different character. No attempt is to be made to purify doctrines—none to examine into their truth—none to demonstrate their utility. All these things are to be taken for granted, and a dose of more priests is to be administered to cure the poison of priestcraft : You have commenced, my Lord, the work of reform ; you must not stop—you must advance much further. Four-and•twenty Bishops, peers of the realm, with in comes corresponding to their rank and station might suit very well with the feudal system ; and even after the abolition of this systcm, as long as the spirit of it continued to pervade the land.t While the greater part of the wealth, the political influence and power of the country, was vested in a landed aristocracy, and the people looked up to the peer or the esquire with some of that reverence with which their forefathers regarded their feudal chiefs, the same episcopal order might suit the habits and notions of the people ; but duringlthe last fifty years, a mighty change has come over us. Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Liverpool, Leeds, &c., may he said to have come into existence with their still increasing thousands, unconnected with the aristo cracy, with no aristocratic feelings, but rivalling the peers in wealth and in political power. And if you hope to retain these towns within the pale of an Epis copal Church, the number of our Bishops must be greatly increased. Each of these towns requires its separate Bishop ; 4. not a Peer of the realm, but an individual of an income from 1,5001. to 2,000/. a-year, such as to enable him to live respectably, but not to vie with the wealthy merchants and traders of these flourishing towns. His influence must arise from his sacred station, his exemplary conduct, his Christian benevolence, his pious conversation ; and your Lordship can scarcely imagine the weight and influence that such an individuel would have in these places, both in a re ligious and political point of view. lit 1834, the Church Commissioners lost the oppor tunity which then occurred, of introducing Suffragan Bishops, whereby much of the evil now complained of might have been remedied. It was generally under stood that they would have recommended this measure, but the Episcopal members of the Commission feared that by such a step their seats in the House of Lords might be endangered. As in many other cases, this human policy may hasten the measure it was intended to prevent. The great pressure of business which now falls upon the Bishops, from the lengthened sessions, and nume rous important measures. submitted to Parliament, the increased population, the building of churches, the va rious benevolent societies, which they so properly patronise, fully occupies their time, and tends alarmingly to secularise the office of a Bishop. If things continue as they are, the individuals, who in future occupy the Bench, must be to tally different from those of former days, whose names are the ornament and glory of our Church. These and all similar measures, however, while they demonstrate the inefficiency of the Church, will fail to restore its vigour and efficiency. Its day is past. No art or skill can revive the dead. The parsons have murdered the Church, without a hope of resurrection. The time is gone by when these gentlemen, like the Augurs of Rome, laughed with glee, as they met each other in the streets, at their own success in cheating the multitude. They now know that they are detected. They are filled with dread, they tremble, and confess. Will the world be fool enough again to believe and trust them, and give them absolution ? They have failed under the most favourable circumstances ; what can be expected from them in these adverse Imes ? * I have been informed:that, at the public dinners an nually given at Lambeth by his Graco tho Archbishop of Canterbury, the Litany is read immediately before dinner ; the custom having been retained from the time when this meal was at eleven o'clock. t A writer in the Quarterly Review proposes as a re medy for the existing evils, that our large towns should be partly depopulated, and the feudal system partially re stored. However absurd and wicked such a notion, the writer evidently thinks and allows that our present eats. blishmant is suited to a state of feudalism, but not to the existing order of things. No proceeding of the Church Commissioners was more inconsistent with the object for which they were Ap pointed than their arrangement respecting the see of Bris tol. Here was one large town with a residence for a Bishop, and they virtually merge this see in that of Glou cester, one of the Commissioners undertaking to add to his diocese, already too extensive for the superintendence of one individual, the care of a city containing between one and two hundred thousand souls. The case of SA RAH YOUNG is acquiring much celebrity, and exciting considerable sympathy. She has been unjustly and illegally put in prison at the suit of one Dr. LYLE—called by courtesy, we be lieve, a Christian minister—and kept in prison for several mouths. An abstract of her case, with the bearings on it of Captain PECHELL'S Act, passed in 1835, for the recovery of tithes, will be found i❑ another part of The Sun. We will not attempt to gild the refilled gold of our Contempo rary lest we should tarnish and spoil it, and there fore will not make any remarks on the case itself. Taking another course,wc may remark that both.the Times and the Herald have within this week made severe attacks on the administration of the law ; the former fell furiously foul of Mr. Justice PATTISON for the injustice of some of his sentences,and the latter assailed the sentences of some Police Magistrates. They seem to wish to keep a monopoly of this re probation of injustice and illegality in their own hands, and both of them have resented the notice of the case of SARAH YOUNG by the Liberal journals as if it were an infringement of their own domain, while they, in common with almost every writer in the country, hold up the Courts of Law to public contempt, by continually pointing at the injustices they commit. The Herald treats it as an offence that the public attention has been :directed to SARA it YOUNG, and rather scolds that she did not apply to the Courts of Law for redress. She might have done that, or her friends might have done it for her, were the Courts accessible and the laws what they ought to be. But who can tell either what the law is, or how, in any case, it will be administered ? The greatest reliance, we believe, was placed on the law in the case of Mr. BA INES, but he obtained no redress from it. lie is left to languish in prison for insisting on having a conscience. Could SA RAH YOUNG'S adviser, however certain he may be that she has been most illegally and cruelly treated, be sure that on some quibble or other the Courts would not deny her justice ? If he doubted the Courts —as what rational man can have any con fidence in such a lottery where fiction draws all the tickets ?—he was quite right in a ppealing to the public as the quickest and safest way of getting SARA II YOUNG released. As a last resource a man may apply to a Court, but as long as any other means of redress is open to him he should keep out of Court. The Times, more careful than the Hcra/d, con fines its remarks to a declaration that Liberal Journals intended to puff Captain PECUELL, and so gets up a counter puff for Lord LYNDHURST. It labours to destroy the merit of the Captain, and weave a wreath for the Lord. The Noble Lord, it seems, excluded Ireland from the operation of the Bill, and because he was not then blamed, the Times sets him down now as deserving praise. Neither of the Tory Journals, however, ventures to show that the law is just, and that it ought to be honoured. In truth the case of SARAH YOUNG is but a type of the whole law. It never was made to protect the people, the Courts never were intended to do them justice. Where man and man only are concerned in some disputed commercial transactions, the Courts may do justice impartially between them; but whenever a person in authority, or another Court is con cerned, against one of the people, it cannot be ex pected that justice should be done. SARAH YOUNG and her friends have, therefore, acted ra tionally, and we hope they will be successful, in bringing her case before the public rather than carrying it into Court. If that makes a scandal— if that serves to bring the Courts and the law into further disrepute—the Courts and the law, which have failed to provide any proper and easy mode of obtaining redress for injury, must bear the blame. Our communication from Walsall is important. A Deputation from the Anti-Corn-law League has at once succeeded in convincing the electors that they ought to have no representative in place of Mr. FINCH who will not vote for the abolition of the Corn-laws, and the Hon. Mr. LYTTLETON has retired from the field. The candidate recommended by the League is Mr. FOSTER, the son of the former Member,who is a staunch free trader. By such exertions the League will make itself and its princi ples respected throughout the empire. As soon as the town representatives feel their seats insecure, unless they declare-in favour of abolishing the Corn laws, they will all become abolitionists. The suc cess of Mr. FOSTER, at Walsall, will be a heavy blow for the Corn-laws, which will be felt at every Corn-law landlord's seat in every part of the country. After the evidence furnished by the Royal Com missioners and Parliament of the highly pernicious nature of the water new supplied to the people of London, no Metropolitan Journal ought to be in different or silent as to the efforts being made by many scientific and patriotic public men to obtain a purer and a larger supply. For this reason we give the Report of Mr. ROBERT STEPHENSON, which, as a document of great value, we recom mend to the careful perusal of our readers in the metropolis generally, and to all men of science par ticularly. A German Journal received this morning con. tains the following : VIENNA, DEC. Ill.—Accounts from Constantinople of the ith of this month, which have been received here by express, conta:n a frightful description of the tempests which, with few interruptions, had raged ever since the first of the month in the Euxinc and the Sea of Marmora, and had done great damage. Among other terrible de tails it is stated that the steam•boat the Nerve, with its whole crew, was swallowed up by the waves ; that several ships were wrecked, and more or less damaged. Among those that arc lost, the Seri- Pervas steamer is mentioned, which belongs to the Danube Steam Navigation Company, and plies between Constantinople, Smyrna, and the coast of Syria. It was overtaken by the storm in the Sea of M armors. The French Journals of Tuesday have all reached us. The following is the official account given by the i%loniteur of the recent events at Alexandria : On the ith, Mehemet Ali had received from Admiral Stopford a letter, in which that officer declared that Com modore Napier not having been authorised to treat, the Convention concluded with him must be considered null. The Bth, an English steamer entered the port of Alex andria, having on board the Flag-Captain of the Admi ral's ship, Captain Fanshawe, nephew of Sir Robert Stop ford. Ile delivered to the Viceroy a new letter, which signified to him " the official authorization of the Bri tannic Government, in the name of the Four Powers, to maintain Mehemet Ali in the Pachalic of Egypt, on the condition that, in the space of three days, he would consent to restore the Turkish feet to the Sultan, and de finitively evacuate Syria." To this letter was joined an explanatory note from Captain Fanshawe, stating that he was commissioned to transmit to Constantinople the reso lutions of Mehemet Ali, that he would wait for them three days, and that he had orders to demand that the written documents of these resolutions should be remitted to him open, in order that he might assure himself of the contents. After two days' delay, Mehemet Ali delivered to Captain Fanshawe a letter for the Admiral, in which he announced his determination, and another for the G rand Vizier, where he says, " that always ready to sacrifice all he possesses, even that of his life, to conciliate the favour of the Sultan, and grateful that, by the intervention of powerful Allies, the favour of his So•ereign has been restored to him, he has taken mea sures that the Ottoman fleet should be given up to such person and in such a manner as it shall please his High ness to order ; that the troops which occupy Candia, Ara bia, and the Holy Cities arc ready to retire ; that the evacu ation shall take place without delay, so soon as he shall receive his Sovereign's order; that as for Syria, Ibrahim Pacha must have already quitted Damascus with the whole army to return to Egypt." Such is the news from Alexandria. It explains itself naturally by the simple comparison of dates. At the moment that Admiral Stopford annulled the Convention concluded by Commodore Napi•zr, not only must he have been ignorant of the approbation that this Convention received from the British Cabinet, but the fact even that the Convention was then unknown in London. The instructions which guided the conduct of the Admiral, and to which this last step with the Viceroy refers, had been sent long before the English Government could have been informed of the engagements entered into by Commodore Napier. In the letter which the Admiral addressed to Mehemet Ali, there is no mention of hereditary right in Egypt. lie had nut, in fact, the power to offer it ; but, in case the Paella should claim it, Admiral Stopford was authorised to promise to support his claim with the Porte. In all which has passed at Alexandria there has merely been con fusion produced from the unexpected act of Commodore Napier, and the ignorance of Admiral Stopford of what was passing in London. Things will come definitively to the same conclusion—that is to say, the concession of the hereditary Pachalic of Egypt, made by the Sultan to Me hemet Ali at the desire of the powerful Allies, The tone and spirit of this account arc alike moderate, and, but for some sinister hints thrown out by the Courrier Francais and the Presse, would incline us to believe that the French Go vernment was at last disposed to co-operate with the other Great Powers in finally settling the Eastern question. The following important para graph appeared in the first-named of these Journals on Monday evening : A despatch from Count Nesselrode to M. de Pahlcn had been officially communicated to M. Guizot. It is said to be very amicable towards France. It is twelve years since the two Governments have exchanged such evident preliminaries of a coalition. Upon this announcement the Presse remarks, — We are enabled to confirm the above details. It is not in wrAten despatches only that the Russian Govern ment shows its desire of being on friendly terms with France. M. de Barrante, our Ambassador at St. Peters burgh, congratulates himself on the amicable and unusually kind reception _he had experienced for some time back from the Emperor Nicholas.. It-is evident that Russia forms no illusion respecting her present relations with England, and seeks but a good opportunity for breaking them oil. Should this rupture take place, it would be a most important event that would place England precisely in the position in which she placed us by the London Treaty. We believe that it depends at present on the skill of the French Government to take, in this respect, a striking and durable revenge. But the first condition that must be fulfilled in order to attain this end is to have nothing whatever to do with the policy of the last Cabinet, a policy likely to create isolation where it does not exist, and to lead irom isolation to war by a tendency as rapid as inevitable." " We do not advise the French Government to give it self up blindly to the advances of Russia, but we recom mend it to study attentively and seriously the new situation in which it is placed. Without doubt, on learning the proceedings of Muscovite policy, Lord Palmerston will moderato the pride with which he has hitherto enjoyed his victory, and wil! return to his former attentions. That Fiance, which has been represented so lowered, will per ceive that it has, in reality, remained the umpire of Europe, and that it is in her power to resume all her in fluence on the destinies of nations. But her Government must employ tact, prudence, and address. It must, above all, employ resolution to get out of the false and fatal trammels with which M. Thiers has clogged our policy, and in which the Opposition is endeavouring to detain us. By means of the Continent, the malevolence of England may be rendered impotent for ever. We must, therefore, avoid giving anxiety to the Continent. The great military demonstrations to which we are urged, and which threaten the northern Powers only, would be a fatal error, which would serve at this moment but to promote the designs of Lord Palmerston." We never placed the slightest reliance upon the friendship of Russia, nor did we desire that the relations arising out of the Treaty of London should continue an instant longer than the final adjustment of the Easton ques tion. We were _ perfectly aware that the Emperor NicifoLAs in signing the Treaty of July hoped to make it the instrument of an European war which would Had France had die wisdom to sway in Europ e. terminate in the total destruction ofhT te urkish unite cordially with Lord ld P h AL av e t been TO completeN, the hu miliation of R ussia woo the hunte.r would have been caught in his own toils ; but eN -en as matters have turned out, Russia has been painfu.ll,' disappointed. She anticipated the certainty of a wat between France and Eng. necessity of applying land, and the ve nt to her to cover 'tonoaiatinople w :11 a swarm of _ : EVENING EDITION._. E Russians. The success of the English and Aus trians on the coast of Syria, the timely surrender of 'MEHEMET ALI, and the neutrality of France, upset the deep-laid plot of the Cabinet of St. Pe" tersburgh. It was also stated that on Monday afternoon the Cabinet of Vienna had communicated to M. GUIZOT a note in terms as flattering and as con ciliatory as those employed by Count NESSELRODF , This would seem as if the Northern Courts ware acting in concert, and that in reality Russia Was merely humbugging France, in order to plant frith greater security the despot's hoof upon expiring Poland. Austria, we know, is proud of the English alliance, and would not sacrifice it for any boon that France has it in her power to offer. Prussia dreads equally Russia and France, so that we can calculate with the utmost confi dence upon the fidelity of the Courts of Berlin and Vienna: The miscellaneous news in the French journals of Tuesday, will be found in another part of The Sun. The following paragraph frow the Consti tutionncl we quote here, merely to express that any party in France should be so ridicti.louslY stupid as thus to misconceive the lang ua g e of the English press : regret " The English journals will not allow us to fortify Paris -4 In vain do they say that the question does not concern' them ; they arc continually returning to it, and attacking it is every possible way, by sarcasm, heavy English wit, and even argument. The subject is like a frightful nightmare for all the English press, Whig or Tory. And yet fortified Paris is not a menace for London ; it iF not like the naval armaments which Lord Alelbourner would sweep away. This is well known; but everything that contributes to raise the power of France is an incur able source of annoyance to our neighbours. They lie:, derstand fully what influence and security the country will gain by the fortification of Paris, and like good allies'' , they arc, they endeavour to divert us from the project. The Times is slightly ironical on this point. It is net our a ffair. says the Times ; if France desires to spend her atone,' improperly, she has a right to do so ; if she re lies more upon a wall of enclosure than upon the bra ver y of her M in n habitants, nobody has a right to find fault with her. thanks for your permission, Messieurs les Ang lais, pro teeted as you are by the sea, you talk bravely; but if—e will not say all the armies of the continent, but a Fr see ench army, were advancing towards London, we should what your bouncing would amount to, and what the count less population of your capital could do ag ainst cannon balls and Congreve rockets. Yes, indeed, France does reckon upon herself and if she had not millions of arms to defend her, her ' fortifications would not protect her; but, enlightened by sad experience, she feels that her destiny must not depend upon a battle, and s he therefore wishes to make the centre of her Government and the sea of her nationality impregnable. This measure will ma ks , Europe cautious, and prevent, perhaps, the possibility theol fomenting and paying for coalitions against to, at English have done for half a century. It is the French democracy , not the Govern ments of Europe that have cause to tremble at the fortifications of Paris. In embastiling the capital, the French Government has a thousand times less regard to the ultimate cond uct of the Four Powers than to the designs of French Republican citizens. It is not to foreign invaders, but to French patriots that the guns of the fortifications of Paris will be et rible. COMMODORE NAPIER.--The pantomime at COVel2t garden deservedly draws crowded houses. On Tues day night the theatre was a complete bumper. The Diorama closes with a magnificent view of the bom bardment of Acre, and such was the admiration mani fested by the audience, that a gentleman i n the dress boxes got up, in the excitement of the rnoment—ex claiining—" Gentlemen, you see the work of our gal lant countrymen !—let us give three cheers for Commo dore Napier !" The suddenness, or unexpectedness, of this appeal took the audience, just going, rather by surprise, but the national enthusiasm soon responded to the demand, and three hearty cheers were given for the heroic Commodore Napier. As the people were walking along the passages, the general inquiry was— " Who proposed it r —but no one could tell. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK. LIVRRI'OOI, COTTON MARKET, WEDNESDAT.--The de mand for Cotton to-day has been to a moderate extent. The sales 4,000 bags at steady prices. LIYERrOOI. SHARE LIST, DEC. 30.--Chester and Bir kenhead Now Shares I 6 a, deb. 9iss. 6d ; Grand Junction 211 i ; Quarter Shares 52 ; Great Western Fifths 10i ; London and Birmingham Quarter Shares 27; Brighton United Company 43 1 ; Manchester and Leeds 76. Letters from Carthagena of the 13th November an nounce the pacific solution of the civil war in Columbia. Marshal Soult, who is known to possess a large fortune, claims in the budget 164,000 francs—viz., 100,000 f. as President of the Council, 30,000 f. as Marshal, 24,0001. as Ancient Senator, and io,ooor. as High Dignitary h o e f the Legion of Honour. Still this is not enough ; also claims 40,000 t. as expenses for representation. —_______ We have received the Journal af .Antwerp of ycstei day's date. r. DEC. 28.—1 n con se q uence of B o ußs OF AMSTERD AM, some business in the Integrates, our National Funds were better, and the prices more firm. The operations in the Actives of the Society of Com merce were to some extent ; they opene ati- d 158, and got up to 159i1 1 1 ; for the close 159; after the Bourse they fell again to 1581 Ardoins Spanish had again receded after the close 21 1-16; Coupons 174. THE FUND,. Consols at present may be quoted at the leaving otr Reduced , prices of yes terday, 88i I for the Account ; ced, 88'i- -4-, with little doin g as yet; Exchequer Bills, 2 4 pre mium ; Bank Stock, 1565- 1571 ; India Stock 237 239. In the Foreign Market the chief speculation is in onSpa nish Active at p resent, which maintains the quotati of yesterday's leaving off price 24i 25 ; Deferred, 121 13 ; Passive, 81 4 ; Portuguese have receded, left off 331- t, at present 32f i ; Three per Cents., 215 ; Colomb ian, 231 24 ; Mexican , 281 '29 ; Brazilian, 70 4 715 ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. bli ; Five per Cents. 975 08. Stiaass.—Great Western, 255 265 preill. ; New. 115 125 prom . ; London and Brighton, tif 6 discount Black well, 45 4 discount ; Birmingham, 81 83 prortium ; South ampton, 555 564 per share ; Croydon, 124- 1 per share Greenwich, 84 per share. PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY A ONE. to --- R•ILWATS. Paid. Per Share. Eastern Counties .................23 . • Ditty Debentures ............... 2.• 4E to —. Great Western ....- .............. 65 ...... 92 - Ditto New ... .................... 40 ...... 52: .. Ditto Fifths lull and Selby London and Brighton London and Birmingham 9O .... :171 to Ditto i Shares .................. 5 ..... 27 Ditto New Shares ............... 24 ...... 491 to —Si London and Greenwich ..... ...... 20 .. DioScr ........................ 2 - London and ip South Western 3Bl ...... 56 ... .. to 5611 JOINT STOCK )1.00;s. London Joint Stock lO ...... 13 ..... to -- PRICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, DEC. 29. 3 per Cent. Consols Three and Half Stock - Ditto Reduced ...... Ditto New, 1830 34 per Cent. fobs. HALF Accounts from Montreal to the end of November state that the Bank there discounted a greater amount of lt p y aper of than for some tim e p ast ; but owing to the difficu making Upper C anada Funds available, the Board de cided not to negociate drafts on Upper Canada a t pr esent, unless applicants submit to the ruinous commission of two unless per cent. This being settling day in the Foreign Market, li tt le or nothing has been doing in the British Market. The brokers and jobbers are chiefly ocoupied in settling thivir accounts, as well as paying and receiving their balances.. The heaviest accounts to settle arc Span4h and Portu guese, as well as Columbian. Up to the present hour all is going off well. B r itish Funds, and Con sols may be There has been sc arce any fluctuation during the course of the morning in the quoted at the opening price of 88i i for the Account. The: favourite speculation at present is in Spanish little Active.. which reach ed 25i 4. In the other Foreign F unds doing. The rise in the above stock is attributed to some import negotiations at present going on at Madrid with the English Government, and which will shortly be known here. Within a short period Consols have improved to 58i i. for the 15th January ; Bank Stock 1571; for the Account 158 ; Exchequer Bills improved to 2 5 premium. In the Foreign Market Spanish Active is the chief operation; it has been fluctuating from 241 i 25k, And at guese 32-4-; Colombian, 24 ; Dutch Two-and a- Half present may be quoted at 251 - 4 1 - ; Passive, GI j i ; Porta per Cents. 51i- -4; Five per Cents , 07i. In Shares a fair business has been doing, with an ;IA - provement in the prices. Eastern Counties Debs.,4i • Goa W es t e rn, 92 ; ditto, New Sh ares, 52 ; ditto, 'FifthlP 10k i ; hull and Selby, 425 43 ; London and 13righton, 44 ; London and Birmingham , 171 ; ditto, ` Q ua rter Shares, 27 ; ditto, New Shares, 49 5 ; South Western, stii i. THE LATE CAPTAIN HEWITT, OF THE FAii t y,.......Mr. Editor,—There is a paragraph going th' reund of the paperA, stating that all the valuable charts, drawings, &c., taken within the last ten years by Captain \V. Hewitt, in her Majesty's ship Fairy ► were all lost with means to secure those valuable works, him in the Fairy, and that the Admiralty had taken no country 40,0001. I beg to soy that the writer of that para graph is interfering with that which he knows nothing about, as the whole of Captain W. Hewitt'. valuable and which cost the laborious work is now on copper at the Admiralty, and nO charts or drawings of any great value are lost. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, FIuiEDRIcK. HAWM, (Brother to Capt. W. Hewitt). Thom ►bout Cl fulsion, Pin, set iNg 412 A, Mr. Fleet-s/ fiv e Martin' and an Tiolentl Pot his not, °Y the c on the 'Cite del Illassi Ong for . Aim ury Mr. 1 a bout ( XITTIV:O3 tii Defel considel Admit tl lotthout The thieves Ilent The trict, a/ Prices of last I °ught 0 The Pricy 8 Sorts. t rona sr per lb. . The t 'Plil he tYtt. le 4 large The tht Inc t ilart "Pres , i t 375. Th e tr iield I; 1 h olegd c 41. p, Tin TB " THE CHINA SUN," CONTAINING A MAP, AND HISTORY OF CHINA, WITH THE LATEST NEWS, now on Sale, Price SIXPENCE. Orders may be given to all News-agents, or sent direct to the Sun Office, 112, Strand, London. Also, THE CORONATION SUN, PRINTED IN LETTERS OF GOLD, WITH A BEAUTIFUL PORTRAIT OF HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, Can be sent by post free to all parts of the Empire. Price SIXPENCE. Sun Office, 112, Strand, London. C O .