The Sun. — London, England, 1857-01-10 00:00:00

SALE OF PROVISIONS, &c., AT GOSPORT. ADMIRALTY, SOMERSET -PLACE, 7th January, 1857. THE Commissioners for Executing the Office of Lord High Admirai-erf-the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, do Hereby Give Notice, that on IVEDNE , IDAY, the 28th inst„ at 12 o'clocleat noon, the Captain Superintendent will put up to Sale, in the Royal Clarence Victualling Yard at Gosport, several Lots of Ar my and Navy Provisions, Victualling Stores, Seamen ' s Clothing, Transport Bedding, &c , &c., &c., consisting of Salt Meat, Lemon Juice, Rice, Tongues, Chloride of Lime, Brandy, Ale, &c., &c. alnying in the said. Yard. P ersons wishing to vi ew the Lots must apply to the Superintendent fer notes of admission for that purpose. Catalogues and Conditions of Sale may be had here and at the Yard, LONDON and NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. —TO RAILWAY CONTRACTORS AND OTHERS.—The Directors are desirous of receiving Tenders for Widening the Railway between Primrose-hill Tunnel and Willesden Station. Parties desirous of tendering may inspect the drawings and spe • ciflcatlons, and obtain a statement of the quantities, at the Engi neer's Office, Easton Station, on Monday, January 19, between the hours of 10 and 4 o'clock. Sealed Tenders, addressed to the Secretary, at this Office, to be sent in on or before Wednesday, 28th Januarys at 10 o'clock a.m. By order. CEIAS. E. STEWART, Secretary. Secretary's Office, Jan. 7, 1857. G REAT INDIAN PENINSULA RAILWAY COMPANY. Creation of 2,000,00 +l. further Capital. The Board of Directors hereby intimate to the Shareholders of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company that the Hon. East India Company have sancta , ned the raising of further capital in this Com pany to the extent of 2,000,0001., with interest guaranteed at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum. It has accordingly been resolved, pursuant to the act, to issue the said capital rateably among the shareholders, in shares of 201. each, One new share to be given in virtue of every Two shares of 201. value standing on the register of the Company on the 16th January inst. And the Board have, by such resolution, made a call of 21. per share en every new 20/ share so allotted (with the option to the shareho'der of paying up the whole 201.), which is hereby declared payable at the Bank of Messrs. Heywood, Kennards, and Co., Lom bard-street. London, on or before the 26th day of Feloistary, 1857. Circular letters of allotment, with directions for payment, and forms of Receipt, will be forwarded to the address of the several shareholders. The shareholders are hereby informed that share certificates, if left at the office after notice is given that they are ready for delivery, remain at the risk of the proprietors. (Signed) CORNELIUS NICHOLSON, qtmerintending Director. 3, New Broad-street, London, January 9th, 1857. THE PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION and BENEVOLENT FUND. Established 1840. TRUSTEES. Thomas Raring. Esq., M.P. 1 W. G. Prescott, Esq. Thomas Hanker. Esq., I ,,r P. I Daron L. de , Rothschig, M.P. Taluainues TIM BaNavoirsrr FUND —John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P. . LIFE ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT. 15, Moorgate-strect, London, December 23, 1856. Notice is hereby given, that the SIXTEENTH ANNUAL GENE RAL MEETING of the Members of the MUTUAL LIFE ASSU RANCE DEPARTMENT will be held at the London Tavern, Eishopsgate-street, in the City of London, on MONDAY, the 19th day of January, 1857, at Six o'clock in the Evening precisely. The following Directors, in accordance with Rule 7, go out of office by rotation, but, being eligible, offer themselves for re-elec tion, viz, : Mr. Richard Henry Jones Mr. Richard Price I Mr. Willian Jeremiah Jordan. Mr. William Stanhope Sawtell. By order of the Board. WILLIAM THOMAS LINFORD, Secretary. BENEVOLENT DEPARTMENT. Notice is hereby given, that the SIXTEENTH ANNUAL GENE RAL MEETING of the MEMBERS and FRIENDS of the BENE VOLENT DEPARTMENT, will be held at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, in the city of London, on WEDNESDAY, February 11, 1857, at Six o'clock in the Evening precisely. JOHN ABEL SMITH, Esq., M.P., Treasurer, In the Chair. By order of the Board, WILLIAIh TWOMAS LINFORD, Secretary. The annual accounts of both departments may be inspected at the office one week prior to the general meeting. MR. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDITIES, with New Costumes and v rims Novelties, focal and Cha racteristic, every evening (except Saturday) at Eight A MORN ING PERFORMANCE every SA.TURD AY, at Three. Private Boxes and Stalls may be secured, without extra charge, at the box-office, Polygraphic-ball, King William-street, Charing-cross. The hall has been entirely redecorated. A RGYLL ROOMS.- LAIIRENT'S CASINO, Great Windmill-street, St. James's.—The above elegan Rooms are now open every evening for the winter season, with Laurent's celebrated Orchestra. Principal Cornet-a-piston, M. Boalcourt. The Proprietor begs to inform the public that this fashionable place of resort hag been entirely redecorated during the recess. Doors open at half-past eight, commence at nine. Admis sion One Shilling. D R. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, 4, Coventry-street, Leicester-square. —Open (for Gentlemen only) from 10 till 10, containing upwards of one thousand models and preparations, illustrating every part of the human frame in health and disease, the race of men, &c. Lectures delivered at 12, 2, 4, and half-past 7, by Dr. G. SEXTON, F.R.G.S. ; and a new and highly-interesting series of Lectures is now in course of delivery by Dr. KAHN, at a quarter plat 8 p.m. precisely. Admission. One Shilling. Catalogues containing Lectures as delivered by Dr. Khan (gratis). PIJRStrANT to an O r d er o f th e Hi g h Court of Chancery, made in a cause, Sarah Stanton against Henry Mu ggeridge, James Allberiy, and Henry Whitten Teesdale. the Creditors of John Toms Stanton, late of Courlan4 Grove, Larkhall lane, Stockwell, In the county of Stvrey, Tea Dealer, who die 1 in or about the month of June, 1856, are, by their solicitors, on or before the 31st dlir ofJanuary, 1857, to come i n an d prove their debts at the Chambers at the Vice-Chancellor Sir Richard Torin Kindersley, at Ito. 3, Stone-buildings, Lincoln's-inn, Middlesex ; or, in default thereof, they will be peremptorily excluded from the benefit of the maid Order. Monday, the second day of February, 1857, at 12 o'clock at noon, at the said Chambers, is appointed for hearing and adjudicating upon the Claims. Dated this 9th day of December, 1856. CHAS PUGH, Chief Clerk. WILLIAM HENRY GREEN, 20, Moorgate-street, Plaintiff's Solicitor. MR. HOWARD, ilrgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet street, has introduced an entirely new description of ARTI FICIAL TEETH Axed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from the original by the closest observer; they will never change colour or decay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used. This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is guaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth rendered sound and useful in mastication.--52, Fleet-street. At home from ten till flue. L ONDON NEW POSTAL DISTRICTS.- he MAP of LONDON, coloured to show the new Postal Districts, prepared by direction of her Majesty's Postmaster-gene ral, for the use of the Provincial and London post-offices, to facili tate ths earlier delivery of letters, &c., can be obtained of Edward qanford, 6, Charing•cross, S.W. Price, sheet, 58. ; case, 7s. 6d. ; rollers varnished, 10s. 6d. CHRISTMAS PRESENTS. THE exuberance of the feelings, amid scenes of gaiety, induces the fair and youthful to shine to advantage under the gaze of many friends, and therefore to devote especial attention to the duties of the toilet. It is at this festive season that ROWLANDS' MACAS3AR OIL, For creating and sustaining a luxuriant head of hair ; ROWLANDS' KALYDOR, For rendering the skin soft, fair, and blooming ; and ROWLANDS' ODONTO, or Pearl Dentifrice, For imparting a pearl-like whiteness to the teeth, are called into in creased requisition, to the attainment of those personal advantages so universally sought for and admired. lit ware of spurious imitations ! ! The only genuine of each bears the name of "Rowlands" preceding that of the article on the wrapper or label. Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, Hatton-garden, London, and by Chemists and Perfumers. CANCER HOSPITAL, London and West Br ompton.—Secretary's Office, 161, Piccadilly.—This institu tion has been established exclusively for the treatment of the poor afflicted with cancerous diseases. Out-door patients to attend at 167, Piccadilly, on Tuesdays, at 2 o'clock. In-door patients are admitted at the Brompton Establishment, for one month, and for a longer period if recommended by the fredical officers. The number of per sons under treatment as in or out-door patients have averaged for the last three years about 400 cases each year. Since the foundation of this Hospital in 1851, 1,799 poor persons, suffering under every form of this dreadful malady, have received the benefits of this Charity. A Weekly Board manage its affairs, and every informa tion connected with the Institution may be obtained on application to the Secretary. Contributions to enable the Committee to centinue this great work of benevolence are urgently solicited, and may be paid to William Losham Farrar, Esq., the Treasurer, 66, Lincoln's inn-fields ; Messrs. Coutts and Co., Strand ; and at the Secretary's Offices, 167, Piccadilly. By order. W. J. COCKERILL, Secretary. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road. Patron—The QUEEN.—Founded 1828. cowmen The sick poor are admitted o n th e i r own application alone; no re dation is required. During the past month the following number received the benefits of this applicati on Charity:— . either as out or i n -d oor pat i ents, on their personal Week ending 7th November 2,154 Ditto 14th November..." 2,043 Ditto 21st November.... • • 1 , 9 7 2 Ditto 28th November.... 2 9th and 30th November— . • ..... 2,309 . 269 Total in November ...... 77747 of Ment) whichh aving been 2,775 were admitted prev new cases, iously. the remainder (still under t rea t - The clergy of all denomination have unlimited access to the patients. Heavy expenses are inevitably incurred in affording such the e c a d ten o - f live relief. 'The Committee, therefore, earnesuy, entrea t the public. The management of the Hospital is in the hands of 30 Governors, yearly elected from the general list of subscribers, at the Annual General Meeting in January. A Board is held every Thursday. 4 o'clock (Rev. J. B. Owen, Ch a i rman), to conduct the business, a ess t , when any subscriber may attend, if so o r the Board being at all times desirous of receiving suggestions or giving explanation. The Hospital is not endowed, but is wholly dependent on volun tary contributions and legacies, which are received by the Treasurer. John Masterman, Esq., M.P., Nicholas-lane ; also by Messrs. Coutts and Co. ; Drummond and Co.; Berries and Co.; Ransom and Co. ; Prescott, Grote, and Co. ; Smith, Payne, ) and Co. ; Gl yn and Co. Jones Loyd and Co.; Barclay and Co. ; Denis on and Co. ; Williams. Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and Nisbet and Co., Ber ners-street ; Masterman and Co. ; and at the Co. ; Hospital. Clothing for the destitute patients will be thankfully received. By order. J. E. OWEN, M.A., Chairman. A NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE. Patent Office Seal of Great Britain. Diplome d'Ecole de Pharrnacie Phannacien de Paris. Imp er i a l C o ll ege of Medicine, Vienna. TItIESEMAR No. 1,2, and 3, prepared in the form of a lozenge, devoid of taste or smell, and can be carried in the waistcoat pocket. Sold in tin cases, divided into separate doses, as administered by Valpeati, Lallemand, Roux, Ricord, &e., &c. TRIESEMAR No. 1 is • a Remedy for RE eon L AXATION, SPERMATORRHA, and all the distressing ong ieenen CE ces arising fr om early abuse, indiscriminate excesses, or too st renat lidence in hot climates. It has restored bodily and sexual n ow , _and vigour to thousands of debilitated individuals who are whi,t4,rt r a enleyment of health and the Functions of Manhood; and Itla.o x, v r_aaY be the cause for DISQUALIFICATIONS for MAR IIeY are effectually subdued by this Wonderful Discovery. eftectually, iTRIESEMAR No. 11., eracti ca „ . 1 the short space of three days, completely and entirely fom, (43 ,, X tj:acea of Gonorrhoea, both in its mild and aggravated IJrine, ipain;Lt,rictures, Irritation of the Bladder, Non-retention of Uopalvi sod c u ' i , l ;: , l ,l , Loins and Kidneys, and those disorders which tutu of the h ealth ~a . llave so long been thought an antidote for, to the ... a vast portion of the population. is the great Conttuen TRIESEMAR No. 111., toms. It also consu tal R a s certain cu and Secondary SymP- Cutaneous Eruptions,utes cure for Scurvy, Scrofula, and al the tions and impuriti o . t r r e e m m oving and expelling in its course all cornlPthe virus of disease, si-,- thee vital stream, as altogether to eradicate ough the medium ° f fdthxpel it with the insensible perspiration never-failing remedy for thata pores of the ski which rine, and is a ysiciao treat. claas of disordersunfortunately constituZith the English Ph Mercury, to the inevitable destruc tion of the patient's prio ? and which all the sarsaparilla in the world cannot restore. Ilk, or four cases in one for 335„ which saves 1 ls., and in 5/. eases nwtereby there is a saving of To be had wholesale and retail i 140, Leadenhall-street; Prout, 229, g't3nci°n, of Derby and Gordon, ford-street ; Sanger, 150, Oxford .stre e r t nd ; Hannay clay and Co., 63, Ox ringdon-street ; Butler and Hardin Paul's Churchyard. %,, 4ar , B Cheapsideand Son, 97, Far ; Edwards, St. ...—.......... a Popular Medical Et UMAN FRAILTY ; f-1-- With 100 engravings, Work, price Is., post free, beautifully illustra and containing the opinions of Valpeau, Laßemand, Roux, Ricord, &c. It gives copious instructions for the perfect restoration of those who are prevented by impediments from entering into the married state, also showing the dreadful results from early abu se, gouorrhcea, and syphilis, and the beneflts arising from the the testa and examination of the spermatoza, by the author's newly-constructed microscope, With powerful lenses,—Piper and Co., 230) • Aternoster evr ; and from all agents for the sale ot"Triersemar.' LONDON POSTAL DISTRICTS. -SKETCH MAP of the LONDON POSTAL Dt , sTRICTS, extending upwards of 12 miles from the General Post Office, with a list of prin cipal places and the district in which they arc situate (prepared for' the l'ostmaster•General'a Anival Report). Price, on-• large sheet, 25.; case, 45. ii.; rollers varnished, 7s. London: Edward Stan ford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W., and all booksellers. LONDON POSTAL DISTRICTS. - THE USEFUL KN ANTLEDGE SO'IETY'S MAP of LONDON, coloured tl show the NEW POSTAL DISTRICTS, with the Post• office List of principal streets and places as divided into Postal Dis tricts, by command of the Postmaster-general. Price, plain Is.; coloured, Is. 6d., in sheet or folded ; mounted on linen in case, 2s. 6d. (per post two stamps additional) ; rollers varnished, 6s. London: Edward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W. NO. 20,144.) PUBLICATIONS. Will be ready on Wednesday next, the 14th Instant, SAVINGS BANKS, their History, Laws, Investments, Interest, Responsibility of Government, I rustees and Officers, Defalcations, Past Progress, and Present Results. By the Bei% J. BEAUMONT HAVVKIN:, , , B.A. London : Longman and Co. SUITABLE FOR A PRESENT. Just published, in crown Bvo , price 6s. cloth extra, IMMORTELLES from CHARLES DICKENS. A Selection of Extracts from his Works, and Essays on them by ICH. John Mozon, 28, Maddox-streot, Regent-street. Just published, Price 6d., by post. /d., pUSEYISM in a FOG. Holy Flower Show in Belgravia, or Pareyism at a Discount. The Bishop of Ox ford's Reception in Belgravia. The Perilous Crisis. Jesuits in the Church of England. Charles Westerton, Hyde-park-corner. FRASER'S MAGA2 1857, price 2s. The Interpreter: a Tale ♦f the War. By G. J. Whyte Mel ville, Author of "Digby Grand,'' &c. Part I. Tuscan Proverbs. Ticket of Leave. Trip to Scotland. Cornelius Agrippa and the Alche- mists. A Visit to a Model Farm in Asia Minor. Archbishop Whitely on Bacon. The Last Salmon before Close Time. London : John W. Parkl INE for JANUARY, id., contains:- iermona and sermonisers. Sketches and Studies from Eel glum.—Brutes limn the Belfry Tower. The King of Deninark'e ide. From the Danish by the Hon. Mrs. Norton. A Staff Officer on the War in the Crimea. The Tea-Table. An unpublished Poem. By Bartley Coleridge. The Triumph of Barbarism. By a New Yorker. and Son, West Strand. LONDON POSTAL DISTRICTS.- STANFORD'S PATENT POSTAL DISTRICT ENVE 60PgS, ludteafe Correspondents the district to be aPPEtaded to the address in reply. t - lausp!es ant prices on application to Edward Stanford, Mapseller and Stationer, 6, Charing-cross, S.W. DR. LIVINGSTON'S DISCOVERIES IN AFRICA.—The MAP of AFRICA, in the Series designed and engraved by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, illustrates the Route end Discoveries of this distinguished traveller. Compiled from the maps in the possession of the Royal Geographical Society. trice, Plain, 6d.; coloured,, Pd. A list of 221 maps in this series may be had upon application to Edward Stanford, 6, Charing cross, S.W., London ; per post for one stamp. EXPEDITION to PERSIA.—The MAP of PER:I A , with Part of the Ottoman Empire. By G. LONG, M. A. Price 6d. plain ; 9d. coloured. Published in the Series of the Useful Knowledge Society. Can be obtained of all booksellers. Also, same series and price, a Map of Afghanistan, Beloochistan, with parts of Persia, Bokhara, and Sinde. London : Edward Stan ford, 6, Charing•cross, S.W., whose catalogue of maps can be had on application. BOMBARDMENT of CANTON.—The ATLAS o' INDI k, 26 Coloured Maps, contains in addition to the maps of India, revised by JOHN W A LKER, Esq. (G .ographer to the Honourable East India Company), maps of Canton and its ap proaches, ..acao and Hong Kong; China and Burmah ; Persia ; Arabia; Japan ; Asiatic Archipelago ; Islanr's in the Indian Ocean ; Polynesia, &c., selected from the Series designed and engraved by the Useful Knowledge Society.' The Atlas, price one guinea ; the Maps singly, coloured 9d ; plain 6d. A list of the Maps and Atlases in the series, may be obtained on application to Edward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross, London (S.W.) N EW ZEALAND.—The truseful Knowledge Society's MAP of NEW ZEAL kND has recently been thoroughly revised from Admiralty Surveys, and additions in the interior, by WALTER M kif TELL, Esq., &c. Price, coloured 9d. ; plain 6d. The Family Atlas, selected from the series, contains SO maps and index, price three guineas. London : Edward Stanford, 6 , Charing-cross, S.W. CANADA, UPPER and LOWER, with the RAILWAYS.—Maps of these Provinces in two sheets, are included in the new edition of the CYCLOPAIDIAN ATLAS, just published, price one guinea, containing 39 Cob ured Maps of the various parts of the world, amongst which will be found maps of the United States in two sheets, British America. with tile Arctic Regions, West India Islands, Australia. New Zealand, 8tc.,1 &c.. se lected from the Useful Knowledge Society's Series. The maps singly, plain 6d ; coloured 9d. London: Edward Stanford, 6, Charing-cross, S.W. LIVING CELEBRITIES : a Seri es of PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS, by Menu. and PoLynLaNa. The number for January contains E. M. WARD, Esq., R.A., with Memoir. Maull and Polyblank, 55, Gtaoecharch-street ; and all book and printsellers. THOM'S IRISH ALMANAC and' OFFICIAL DIRECTORY of the UNITED KINGDOM, for 1857, is now published, price 71. 6d., or bound with the Dublin Post Office Direc tory, 13s. 6d. All the materials of which this publication is com posed are collected from the most authentic sources expressly for this work, which contains, together with other information, a State and Civil Service Directory for Great Britain, Ireland, and the Colo nies; Navy, Array, and Militia Directory, with an Alphabetical List (now for the first time published) of Officers in the Army, including those on Half-par, and General and Field Officers retired from the Army, but retaining their rank.—Peerage, Baronetsge, and Knight age Directory.—The Statistics of Ireland: Population, Revenue. Ex penditure, Commerce, Agriculture, Manufactures, Fisheries, Educa tion, Crime, Valuation of Property, Banks, Poor Law Unions, Emi gration, Railways, &c.—Ecclesiastical Directory; List of the Clergy of the Established Church, the Roman Catholic Church, the Presby terian Bodies, &c , revised by the highest ecclesiastical authorities —Law, Banking, aid Postal Directories.—County and Borough Directory : Lists of Lieutenants, Deputy Lieutenants, Magistrates, and Official Authorities, and a General Index to the Lieutenancy and Magistracy of Ireland, &c., &c. Alex. Thom and Sons, 87, Abbey-street, Dublin; Longman and Co., London; A. and C. Black, Edinburgh. The Third Edition. Just Published, price 55., by post, free, 58 . ._6c1 ON TRUE FALSE SPERMATORIIIREA, wjth the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the Real Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD. "Dr. Pickford la known to English readers by his frequent practi al contributions to German medical literature. This is the first lime, he informs as, that he has addressed himself to the non-medi cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall letect any sther equally flagrant evil which it may be in his power to cor rect." —London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of Quiet Sympathisers,' and 'Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed; and if this book could find its way into the hands of those whe suffer from the cora -1 plaint of which it treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds would be saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of 'ass importance, though it is that which the quacks frost prize— much money ......This volume is well qualified to put an end to the empirical system of treating Spermatorrheea, and to place the treat ment aim a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore, ikely to do much good."—Medical Circular. London: 11. Balliere, 219, Regent-street. BTA.TE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, Jan. 9.—The advance in our market in the price of cotton, and consequently i n th e price of yarns and clotb, continues to obstruct business considerably, and few sales of any importance have been made to-day or during the week. The business in domestics has been confined to small quantities, and operations have been nearly suspended in printing cloths from the same cause. For 36 and 40 inch shirt ings a considerable advance in price is also asked, and these, like other goo d s , are i n li m i te d request. In yarns the market continues exceedingly firm. In fact, producers of both yarn and cloth are well engaged and indisposed to take orders under the full prices current. operatives i po L ewn : oar n i oc o l 1 much t v :e and E 1 l improved a . yarns r T bn e h s e e has new year finds the stock in the rn of anufacturers' hands unusually light. The high price o t o n n ar d p u areedd employed,t with i t t hi s laab e 3 ff dt eyctetbae;ri year. still c oE bu t d h s ii e : as a b s e c oo t Busi ness has scarcely begun to move, but as there is . no soon be made to assort giving way in the wool market , and worsted yarns having price of cotton yarns usual purchases, thinkl:nan again risen a halfpenn per lb. this week, purchases must even a farther Llvancein up stock. Owing to the high manufacturers have put off their spring trade are it might recede, but now that has taken place, samples for the will tend to reliev e the ordered , oand the demand, though later, our general trade looksther branches. On the whole Journal, NOTTINGHAM, Thursda y. _ Lace--We . are sorry to ob serve very healthy.—Leicester n h e:a still characterises the mavyebeexpected a different that a degree of slguish home trade ; for we would state of things this week ; and information gathered allowed d. to caution those engaged in the trade against its ances, as it is really surprising fro eceptive appear gathered on all sides to find men remainining busi ness, as many are, we may say, almost a ti r t o th sa e . m o e e rcy . o the London houses. These . gentlemen lead the manufacturers considerably by ad ,, iiin i g - t th o e u n ' i l t s o * go on with certain styles to any extent, and then tiein g unscrupulous enough to countermand or disavow their orders on the first cloudy aspect of trade. Thi s evil, we think, we have hinted st befor. We are glad , however, to be able to repc.rt more favourably of the foreign trade, although it is too early to say anything positive ; but we may say, from the commencement which has this week been made, that to all appearance the foreign season will be a good one. Hosiery—Stock taking having been concluded, London, Manchester, Scotch, and Irish home trade buyers have just stepped in and begun to look about them with the turn cf the year ; and unless the enormdus prices of materials prove an impediment to business, we may expect to see con siderable activity within the next two or three weeks. 1 To form an idea, however, of the difference that must thus be occasioned, it is only necessary to remember th a t this time last year the 10lb, bundle of cotton yarn was in some instances obtained at Bs. 2d., the same quantity at the present moment being at 13s. 2d., and pointing to wards 15s.—Leicester Journal, ~~t 444 : t • - , e 4O 41111111 6 I s (lailitst4 : 7 el ' iiilrf - 74 4 . 1 1 t 't , ' N s ' • 'l4l /94. 46 " , 4 ,4 • N, \ ‘ ‘ etgik;'. t ) 4 "V•At! C 4 41V. [PRICE 4D. STAMPED 55. TILE INNOCENT CONVICTED. Mr. J. Anderson Ruse, ex-Under-sheriff of London, writes to a contemporary, as follows : Sir,—Your correspondent, the Rev. John Davis, the Ordinary of Newgate, has called public attention, in your impression of the Bth inst., to the case of John Markham, who, being innocent, was yet convicted, and sentenced to four years penal servitude, for aiding in uttering a forged cheque ; and you have in your loader of this day commented on the necessity of redress to him for • the grievous wrongs he ha: sustained. As lam well acquainted with the facts of this man's case, perhaps you would afford me a small space to nar rate them, although no language, nor the most vivid imagination, can picture the extent, the depth, the horrors of the man's sufferings, as be described them to me after his release. He was walking in OXford-street on a Saturday in April last, when a policeman touched him on the shoulder, and finally took him to the station•house. Being Saturday, he was detained in a cell there till Monday, and was then taken before a magistrate. Before he was finally committed for trial he was remanded from time to time for six weeks ; one month of the time of these remands he was detained in the House of Correction, and the remainder in Newgate. On his trial he was most ably defended by Mr. Serjeant Ballan- ' tine, who, interested in the case and satisfied of his client's innocence, exerted himself to the utmost to procure his acquittal by a most eloquent speech ; nevertheless he was convicted ; a witness, certainly a most respectable and honest witness, had positively sworn to his identity. The jury relied on this testimony. . ; the witness was mistaken ; the man was sentenced to font years' penal servitude. I heard his trial ; I was satisfied he had been unjustly convicted. The execution of his sentence began ; be was two months in Newgate picking oakum with the convicts there, who in this prison are all in one room together—three murderers at one time, pirates who bad deliberately planned wholesale massacres, to be accompanied by indescribable atrocities ; burglars, garotters, thieves from their birth, receivers, and putters up of robberies, and the perpetrators of unmentionable crimes. The amusement of this den of devilry is to narrate their crimes, and to plan fresh ones. Now, John 111Ark ham was innocent, and be constantly asserted his innocence ; in consequence he was persecuted and tormented by his associates here with the most virulent and relentless malignity. It is impossible to narrate the constant outrages perpetrated on "the countryman," as he was was called by these felons. To the regular criminal imprisonment in New gate has little terror ; he rather likes the opportu nity of telling boasting stories of crime to such an audience, and at this amusementthe most criminal shines the most, and is thought the highest of. In the course of time Markham was removed to Millbaak, where there is a separate confinement— a dreadful system ; locked up in a gloomy, solitary call at half-past sin the evening, to bed at 8, rise at 6 in the morning. Can any one conceive the horror of this man's thoughts T He had parted with all his ready money and many of his things for his defence ; he had a wife and child ; they were utterly destitute ; she parted with every stick of furniture and every rag of clothing during his imprisonment, and many a day was without a meal of victual; and now in agony unutterable he often thought of her and how she was existing. From Millbank Markham was moved to Penton ville, where he was three months in solitary con finement—solitary and separate even in chapel, where each prisoner is enclosed in a wooden box, so that he can see no one but the clergyman ; here in the chapel, at the sound of a human voice, the convicts are often affected, faint away, or shriek out. " Why ?" I asked Markham. " Oh, they think of home or something of that," he replied. At this prison the prisoners wear a mask made of cloth, very hot and very unpleasant. At length the really guilty man was taken, and admitted that Markham was totally innocent. The touch of nature which makes all mankind kin is not wanting even in crime ; this man sent Markham's wife 5/. by a mode most elaborately circuitous, to avoid being traced. The Governor of the Pentonville Prison finally broke it to Markham (in so thoughtful and consi derate a manner that it made the deepest inapres lion upon the unhappy man) that he was no longer a prisoner ; that it was proved he was innocent ; that he was now a free man, and might go as soon as he liked., The Governor then sent a policeman in plain clothes to inform Markham's w if e o f hi s liberation, and gave him a sovereign. Well, he is free. The delirious joy of unexpected liberty passes away, and now he has no work, no means of getting a living—character gone. Was he not tried, convicted, and sentenced ! People won't believe he was discharged from prison because he was innocent ! I was much struck with the justice of the following remark from your lead ing article, and the necessity of your recommenda tion being adopted—" He should be invited to attend at the court where he had received his sen tence, and his innocence should be as emphatically proclaimed by the presiding judge as his supposed guilt had been on a former occasion." By the exertions of the Ordinary of Newgate another man, Martin by name, who had been con victed and sentenced to four years' penal servitude for highway robbery, with violence, at Bethnal green, was proved to be innocent. I heard this man tried and doubted his guilt. When undergoing his sentence he came under the care of the Ordinary of Newgate ; he believed him to be innocent. We ransacked Bethnal-green for three days, and got undoubted evidence that he was not guilty, and, moreover, discovered who was the guilty man. Martin also was pardoned, and not long since he stood in my office an emaciated wreck of his former self. Before he went to Millbank he said he didn't know his own strength, and could work without fatigue the longest day. TIIE aIiIINES.E REBELLION. The Ilfoliteur de la Flotte has some news of the pro gress of the rebels in China, which had not come to us with the last mail. On the 6th of November the insur rectionary army fought another battle with the troops of the government, and the Imperialists were obliged to evacuate the city of Shanghai completely, and take refuge on board the junksand other vessels of their fleet. The prince of the rebels, Tien-Ti, bas given himself out as the last direct descendant of the dynasty of Ming, which was overturned by the Mantchou Tartars, i❑ 1644 ; and the generalissimo of the insurgent army has put forth a curious proclamation, in which he says : " By acting as we are now doing, we aro obeying the orders which have come to us from Heaven, and we are likewise complying with the desires of the people assembled around us, to exterminate the Mantchou Tartars and make them vanish for ever from the earth. When we carefully study the emperors of the great Ming dynasty, we see that their outward countenances and attire were so beautiful and imposing that the memory of their features and appearance has been transmitted through a hundred generations ; whilst these hideous Tartars, who are as ugly as they are ignorant of the principles of justice, have caused us also now to resemble brute beasts, by which they prove that they hemselves are not men. "These obstinate Tartars have impressed upon our nation a stamp of misfortune which still continues. We have lifted up the standard and the sword of justice to exterminate them ; in a few days, when we have received the supreme orders, we shall come and tell the people in what fashion we ought to be dres sed ; meanwhile let us take care of our victorious troops, that they may go on joyfully with their great work. and ‘` A pr t o theduc produces present no t enoughtim S Shanghai l i T st l es sfs. but a decaying city, Our duty then is of our soldiers, but to provide nut only for the 7n t is necessary for them. to see that the people have w formerly she brought shipmWuhcehnriace. Why c h a y m i e s i i t n tnoo so now part "1, who am no wsnperior magistrate of Shanghai, feel ing atraid lest rice should become as scarce as pearls, and firewood as ,:carte 749 cinnamon, and no more pr 0- visions be left, do, therefore, issue this proclamation, copies of which shall be diffused as numerously as leaves on the trees, to induce the nobles and the people to bring as much food as they possibly can to Shanghai, and to i n vite the merchants to come and traffic here from all quarters ; which, on the one hand, will be good for the government of the Ming, and on the other hand, will reasonably allay the anxieties of the people. Do you understand me, then! Mako no opposition to my commands. V- " Shanghai, in the first year of the restored dynasty of Ming, in the tenth month, and on the seventh day." A book, professing to be the biography of the pretender Tien-Ti, has been circulated, in which it is stated that his ancestor, the last of the Ming, the virtuous Tcbang-Ti, who was dethroned in 1644, and pursued by the infamous Chountchi, the chief of the Mantchous, took refuge with his family in the mountains of Kimang Si, N chore ho dwelt obscure and poor. His d e scendants live i on quietly, till the time when the present head of the family, having had a divine revela tion informing him of his divine birth, yielded to the solicitations of the pe D oe about him, and came forward as their champion ,i,ainst the oppression of the Mautchous. LONDON, SATUItDAY EVENING, JANUARY 10, REPEAL OF THE INCOME T. A public meeting convened by the mayor—E. N. Grace, Elq.—in compliance with a very numerously-signed requi sition, was held in the Guildhall, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, on Thursday last, to consider the propriety of petitioning Parliament against the income tax. There was a large at tendance of merchants, shipowners, and other persons in terested. Mr. M. CLAYTON having read the requisition, Sir J. FIFE rose to propose the first resolution. In doing so, he intimated his intention of taking each of the allega tions contained in the resolution in succession, and show ing how truly they designatedthe income tax, as at present existing. Tha first charge against the tax was that it was unjust, unfair, and oppressive. There was one single fact in illustration of the truth of this allegation, which he thought was sufficient to convince the most fastidious and the most sceptical. It was this :—A man who by his in- dustry, anxiety, and toil, obtained an income in some large town or city, amounting to 1,0001. a year, paid a certain amount of income tax; his neighbour, who had landed pro perty worth 20,0001., from which he received 1,00001. a year, paid his tax, and each of them paid exactly the same amount. This was a fact of such outrageous injustice as to be nearly incredible, and yet it was true that a man who every year was worth 21,0001., paid exactly the same amount as if he had not sixpence beyond his 1,0001. With this fact before them he thought he was entitled to say that the history of this country did not record an instance of more barefaced injustice. (Applause.) Well, then, it was stated that in the mode of its assessment it was inqui sitorial, so much so indeed that many of them had shrunk from going before the commissioners with as appeal against it. (A. voice—No use to go and appeal.) Not the least, but at present, fortunately for this town, they had a surveyor who seemed to Lave some sense of justice in his breast, and blessed were the inhabitants who had a sur veyor of income tax who possessed some of the feelings of a gentleman, or they might be robbed and cheated to any extent. (Hear.) Next it was alleged that it was calculated to create dissatisfaction and demoralisation. This was one of the worst features of the case, because the tax as at present levied actually held out a bonus of fraud and im position. (Cheers.) Many persons so much regarded it as a swindle that they thought their honour not compro mised by misrepresenting the circumstances in which they were placed. Sir John then pointed out how peculiarly oppressive was the income tax to gentlemen of the medical profession, and how inapplicable in their case was the re- , medy by appeal, inasmuch as the books of a medical man contained secrets which he was bound in honour to keep. (Hear.) It had always been admitted that in taxation some broad principle should be kept in view, that it should rest upon the broadest shoulders —upon those for whose benefit government was carried on. Now he would ask any man in his senses if this principle did not point to a property tax — (applause)—which was the most humane and just of all others; while the income tax, for thereasona he had shown, was the most unjust, inquisitorial, and cruel. The latter was a tax which pressed with peculiar severity upon the industrious and enterprising classes. Mr. HENRY TURNER seconded the resolution, and re marked that this was one of the short days of the year, but if they should speak during the whole of one of the longest days, it would be impossible to go through all the iniquities and villanies by which the income tax of the present day was levied. He spoke the sentiments of every person who paid taxes when he said that we had been more extensively robbed, insulted, and cheated by this system of taxation than by any other which had been devised. (Cheers.) The system of taxation, from beginning to end, was one of darkness and mystery. Many of them, he had no doubt, had appealed against the tax, and knew the difficulties in the way of getting justice. He could speak to the matter with perhaps more knowledge upon some points than many present, having had the pleasing duty imposed upon him of being an income tax collector — (laughter and applause)—and had seen somewhat of the villanies of the system. He would not allude to them in full, for no doubt they were too well acquainted with them, and had again and again paid the tax upon enormous sums rather than be at the trouble and annoyance and expenses of an appeal. The resolution, on being put to the meeting by the Mayor, was carried unanimously. Mr. W. LOCKET HARLE, in proposing the next resolu tion, alluded to a sentence in a recent speech of Lord Pan. more, in which that minister had characterised the pa tience which the people of this country had exhibited under taxation as admirable. They had been told that the income tax had been leavied for the purpose of carrying on a great, and he was about to say, a successful war, but he would not say it, for we had paid a price for that which had not brought adbitional glory to thee country. It brought to their recollection errors innumerable, military and naval, and errors of statesmanship. Every man appeared to be in the wrong place, and we had to pay dearly to maintain the greatness of this country. Yet, scarcely any person complained. Every man appeared willing to pay the cost of the war, and traly might the war, minister say the pa tience of the people was admirable. Now, however, the government must be told that the war being over taxation must cease. (Cheers.) They must have observed in all parts of the country a strong feeling abroad that this particular tax should be altered entirely. The people could not bear it any longer ; those who toil and spin, whose brains are on the rack from morn to night to maintain their position in society, could not any longer tolerate this tax. (Hear.) Mr. Harle then entered into some explanatory statements relative to the tax, and denounced its inquisitorial charac ter. Mr. Gladstone might reason over eight columns of a newspaper to show that it was impossible to make a dis- Unction between income tax and property tax. Did not this prove the barrenness of statesmanship of which they complained ? The people felt without any reasoning that Mr. Gladstone and the parties who supported him were palpably wrong, for it was plain and evident that there was a marked difference between property which had been created and property in the course of formation. (Hear, hear.) All he asked for was, that the govern ment should not tax a man who was industrious, who was toiling year by year, and day by day, as they would tax him who was an idler, who enjoyed his otiunt cunt dignitate, and had arrived at the happy state when he could think no longer, except it should be how to preserve his property from ticket-of-leave men. (" Hear," and laughter.) Mr. Harle next alluded to the act of Parliament limiting the duration of the tax to the 6th of April which shall first happen after the expiration of one year from the ratification of a definitive treaty of peace, and contended that to all intents and purposes the war ceased in the early part of last year, and that it was a mere quibble to allege in favour of the continuation of the tax that the ratification of the treaty did not occur till after April. He drew a melancholy picture of a British House of Commons debating this one word " ratification," and contended that our representatives should be most imperatively requested to support the abolition of the tax. He concluded by moving the second resolution. Mr. C. JACKSON seconded the resolution, which was carried by show of hands. Mr. JOHN SHIELD, jun., Uriefly moved the next resolu tion. Mr. E. W. CHALLONER, in seconding the motion sug gested that as 30 years' purchase was generally given for landed property, 10 for that embarked in trade, while not more than two years' purchase could be obtained for a pro prietor paying the major portion, the trader the medium share, and the professional man, whose income ceased with his existence, the minimum amount. This, he contended, would remove the monstrous inequality which at present characterised the tax upon income, and if properly balanced, could be made to produce the same amount of revenue, and an infinitely greater amount of satisfaction to all parties concerned. (Applause.) C. ALLIIIIiiEN, Esq., in proposing the last resolution, stated as his opinion that the tax -was an absurdity, inas much as it proposed to do an impossible thing, namely—to tax the income of every individual without providing the means to show what the income really was. (Hear, hear.) He had had a great deal of experience in the sharp practice which the collectors of the tax wore in the habit of using. His books had been examined, his word of honour doubted, and himself insulted by those persons, who, however, con soled him with the idea that the law required them to act in such a manner, and they, as the parties deputed to carry the law into effect, were compelled to take the course they pursued. He had asked them to point out to him the law, and when he had seen it he found that it favoured his own representation of the case, for it stated that the collectors should take his affidavit as to tho amount of his income, and if that did not satisfy them they should obtain the bookkeeper's affidavit, and then if they disputed the united testimony of himself and bookkeeper they should examine the books themselves. He had thOught it only light and proper to resist the demands of the collectors, and his case had lasted two years, but he finally got his money back again. (Hear.) lie concluded by proposing the resolution, which was put and carried, The meeting concluded with a vote of thanks to the Mayor.—NewcasCe Chronic/c. MEETING IN FINSBURY. Last evening a public meeting was held at the Royal British Institution, Cowper-street, Finsbury-square, for the purpose of considering the propriety of petitioning the Legislature, and taking other measures to obtain a repeal or modification of the income tax in its present form. Mr. JOHN BROWN, the senior churchwarden of St. Luke's, was called to the chair. Mr. R. PHILLIPS moved the first resolution, condemning the income tax as being, in its present form, unjust and oppressive; unjust in principle, inasmuch as it levies a percentage on trades and professions, always precarious 1 and uncertain, and not easily definable 41agaount ; oppres sive, inasmuch as the only method of levying it is by re quiring returns from the parties to be charged, exposing, consequently, their aff tirs, to avoid which many parties pay upon sums never earned. He believed that the income tax pressed in its present form most unjustly upon all classes of society; even upon those who did not pay it, for he believed it was one of the consequences of the tax that 15,000 men in this great city were now out of employment. (Hear.) Mr. STARLING seconded the resolution, and entered into a variety of social and domestic statistics with a view to show how injurious the tax was to families with incomes ranging between 1001. and 2001 a year. The CHAIRMAN put the resolution to the meeting, and it was unanimously adopted. Mr. G. KING proposed the next resolution, which was as follows "That the enormous amount of the present charge as adopted by the House of Commons was a tem ,,orary measure only, to continue during the war; and as the war is over this meeting trusts that every legitimate means will be taken to obtain an immediate reduction, as well as a more equitable adjustment of the tax, or the re peal of it on all trades and professions." He trusted the country would never be silent while the tax remained. He was far from wishing to sow the seeds of discord in the country, but he could not conceal from himself the fact that great ill-feeling would prevail if the Chancellor of the Exchequer persisted in retaining the tax contrary to the publicly expressed feeling of the country. Mr. BONIFACE seconded the resolution, which was spoken to by Mr. Pallisser, Mr. Allred Walker, Mr. Higham, and other gentlemen, all of whom gave details, showing the unequal and oppresssve nature of the tax. A petition to the House of Commons embodying the resolutions was agreed to, and was entrusted to Mr. Thos. Duncombe, M.P., for presentation. Thanks wete voted to the Chairman, and the meeting separated. ' ST. PANCRAS.—At the weekly meeting of the vestry of St. Pancras (the Rev. Canon Dale, the vicar, in the chair), the Rev. R. Eckett, in the absence of Mr. Brettinghani, who had given notice of the subject, brought forward the following resolution—" That in the opinion of this vestry the income tax on trades and professions is alike odious, inquisitorial, tyrannical, and unjust; and that a com mittee therefore be now formed, with powers similar to those exercised by the committee appointed by this vestry for the repeal of the tax on windows, namely, to prepare petitions to the three estates of the realm, and to solicit the aid and co-operation of every city and borough in the king dom for the unconditional repeal of this iniquitous tax." The Rev. Mr. Eckett regretted that this motion did not ex tend to the property tax, not that he thought the property tax should be entirely repealed, but that it might be more equitably assessed. Persons with house property for instance, were taxed upon the gross amount instead of the net, when perhaps they might have to pay 25 per cent, out of the rents they received before they came to their hands. The motion was seconded ; and after a slight modification of the strong language contained in it the resolution was carried unanimously. BRISTOL.--A large public meeting was held in the Guildhall, Bristol, yesterday afternoon, for the purpose of petitioning Parliament on the subject of the income tax. The Mayor presided, and the meeting was addressed by Mr. G. Shaw, Mr. Goss, Mr. H. Visger (town councillors), Mr. H. J. Mills (editor of the Bristol Gazette), Mr. M. Bowden (glass manufacturer), Mr. Herapath (magistrate), Mr. P. F. Aiken (banker), Mr. C. Tovey (town councillor), Mr. C. T. Dando, and Mr. W. H. Gore Langton, M.P. Mr. Berkeley, M.P., was unable to attend. Resolutions were adopted calling for the repcal of the additional 9d. in the pound on the sth of April next, and for the total abolition of the tax in 1860; and suggesting that the duty of collecting should be transferred to the Inland Revenue Department. A petition embodying the resolutions was agreed upon, and the members for the city were requested to support its prayer. Mr. Langton, M.P., expressed his intention of doing the utmost in his power to carry out the objects of the meeting. A vote of thanks to the mayor was awarded by acclamation, and brought the proceedings to a close. CANTERBURY.—On Thursday evening a public meeting of the inhabitants of Canterbury and the neighbourhood was held in the Guildhall, under the presidency of Mr. W. J. Cooper. when the following resolution was moved by Mr C. P. Cooper, Q.C., seconded by Mr. Councillor Jack son, and carried unanimously :—" That a Government will ill perform its duty which, when the nation is not engaged in any great European war, shall continue a tax so unequal and unjust, so prying and inquisitorial, and yet so liable to evasion, so vexatious, galling, and oppressive, and ano ther so obnoxious and" , odious- as that - now levied upon income." A second resolution was also adopted, entrust ing the forwarding of the resolution to the Right Hon. Lord Palmerston to the hands of Mr. Parton Cooper, Q.O. THE COAL TEA ) ; (From the Newcastle Chronicle.) The importatio❑ of sea-borne Coals into London Tons. in December, 1856, amounted to 280,820 Imported from Ist Jan. to 31st Dec., 1836 3,119,841 11 • JP 1855 Increase in the present year Delivery in December amounted to Deliyery from 14 Jan. to 31st Dec., 187)6 )7 /1 , „ 1855 103,016 291,348 3,100,322 . 3,016,868 Increase in present year Coal 3 by railway and canal in December 83,454 Coals by railway and canal from Ist Jan. to 31st Dec., 1856 IP 1855 104,011 Increase in present year . . 110,61 The weather throughout December was not of a cha racter favourable to consumption, and the trade during the month was continuously depressed, with scarcely any change from the prices prev.lent in November— viz., about 10s, for best Wear, and 17s. for the best Tyne house coals. Steam sorts have also ruled very low, selling at 15R. to 16s. Freights have shared in the de pression, and have been at 7s. 6d. and 3d., which are lower rates than we recollect for many winters. Several shipowners, declining to charter on these terms, have laid their vessels up. The importation sea-borne in December exceeded that of the corresponding month last year by 107,000 tons, but the supply in . Decembor, 1855, owing to contrary winds, was much below an average. Still prices at the close of 1855 were some shillings below those which ob tained throughout the previous autumn, and doubtless the effect has been to some extent that the public re frained last year from laying in their usual stocks. We give below a statement of the importation of sea borne coal in the last three years (classifying the several sorts as correctly as possible) together with the quanti ties sent by railway and canal in the same periods. 1854. 1855. 185 G. Tyne House Coals Snnderland & Seaham Do 915.816 802,696 873,010 Hartlepool& Stockton Do 590,952 524,530 569,409 Total House Coals 1,781,405 1,592,450 1,668,505 Steam 351 ,934 2 3,924 242,259 Coking Manufacturing Welsh Yorkshire 616,351 576,9.0 599;037 275,569 220,789 248,182 200,627 183750 171,026 86,144 126,789 147,466 31,911 32,474 35,249 Small, &e. 19,620 9,732 8,190 Total seaborne Coals by Railway & Canal 979,170 1,162,486 1,273,270 Total . 4,678,731 4,179,331 4,393,154 It is out of our power to classify the portion by rail way and canal, except such as below, for the last two years the inland coals consisting of 50 or 60 curiously named sorts, we have no means of dividing them into house, steam, &c. _ 1855. 1856. House coals from Wear, 'cc 168,943 129,639 Gas, coking, &c., from Wear, &c 52,746 31,801 Coke Welsh Inland Total by rail and canal 1,162,485 1,273,270 As we prognosticated some years ago, the supply of low class house coals from the Tyne is rapidly diminish ing, whilst similar competing sorts from the midland counties show a great increase. The quantity carried by the Great Northern Railway from Durham, which in 1855 amounted to 221,690 tons, fell off to 164,440 tons in last year, and shows pretty clearly that our ship owners have not much reason to fear their competition in carrying coals from the districts north of York. The main production of the Tyne district sent to Lon don consists of gas, steam, coking, and manufacturing sorts. The gas and coking descriptions have as yet met with little or no competition worth naming, but steam and manufacturing kinds continuo to be beaten back by railway coals, which sell at prices which render it more than doubtful whether any profit can be left to coal owner or railway company. We look with considerable alarm on the prospects of our London trade for steam and manufacturing coals, when, next year, the enactments of the Smoke Prohibition Bill will be extended to all steam vessels and factories between London-bridge and the Nore, though it is pro posed to pollute the water and the air with the sewerage of the metropolis some 10 miles down the river. We fear it is too late to agitate successfully for an abrogation of the act, but we think if our members and coalowners had been as active as the proprietors of the smokeless Welsh coals, such an absurd extension of a highly penal law might have been prevented. We subjoin an account of the coals on which City's dues were paid by the several railway companies, &c., in the last three years : 1854. 1855. 1856. Great Northern 398,562 547,603 591,435 North-Western 271,011 339,657 443,672 Eastern Counties 167,958 145,327 126,775 Great Western South Eastern South Western Grand Junction Canal 32,153 23,251 25,295 Thames Common Roads 1,960 1,400 no return. 979,170 1,162,486 1,271,700 A great increase in the quantity carried by th• Lon. don and North Western Company will be observed. This Company has within the last 12 months expended a con siderable sum in the erection of depots, sidings, trucks, &c., and also in an elaborate system of signalling to enable them to carry a large addition to their already enormous traffic, with what results the frequent acci dents reported land not reported sufficiently) show. The Great Wester Company, we believe, are also bitten with the same mania for coal traffic, and are preparing to carry largely, though, with th*'ir badly situated ter minus, they are placed at a great disadvantage compared to their rivals. We concluded our remarks on the London coal trade for 1855, by stating that the prospect for the ensuing year was most cheering, and we must again repeat the words as regards the trade for 1857. It is probable that we shall not have so bad a spring trade as prevailed last year, but in the face, of a competition of 1,273,270 tons per annum (about equal to the yearly quantity sent to London from the Tyne) it is idle to expect a fair range of prices, and much higher rates (as we have bef re said) would not be advis• able. We think, indeed, it is a fair source of congratu lation that, considering the immense accession to the supply of London which has sprung up only in the last five or six years, we have not yet had to encounter as low a range of prices as we have witnessed from our own internal competition within a very short interval. It is to the cheapening of cost in getting to market that we must mainly look for a means of successfully competing with the railways ; and that screw steamers can and will eventually, with proper facilities, secure to this district its pre-eminence in supplying the metropolis with coals, we have very little doubt. The quantity of coals carried to London by steamers in 1856 amounted to 238,597 tons, against 85,000 tons in 1855. The war and the high freights offer ing in some other trades have prevented their employ. meat to the still greater extent we hoped for, and it will be a matter of some years before they come into general use which we anticipated for them. Only four or five screws were er:ployed regularly all the year. The greatest number of voyages was made by the Ross, D. Mangles, which carried 36 cargoes, amounting to 23,205 toss. The Samuel Laing, since April, has made 31 voyages, carrying 18,464 tons. We conclude with giving a statement of the quantities of coals received into London from the several ports, and a list of the entries of the coal factors. We shall next week give a few more statistics of the trade. Ships. Ports. Tons. 358 Newcastle 83 Seaham 177 Sunderland 59,857 190 Hartlepool and West Hartlepool 18 Stockton and Middlesbro' 4,261 11 Blyth 2,742 14 Scotch 34 Welsh 80 Yorkshire, &c 2,861 280,880 Factors. Ships. Hill, Wood, & Hughes, 2,188 Smith, Scurfield, & Co. 966 Dixon, Harris, &c 954 Marshall, Page, & Co Bl7 , Hugh Taylor S. Clarke 517 William Miln es 139 Factors. Ships. Charleton and Watson 377 F. D. Lambert ...... 315 Miller and Potter 227 Fenwick, Laroche, &Co. 205 Metcalfe & Son 46 Carr, Lamb, & Co l4 Agents 1,124 TEIN MAILS.—SOUTHAMPTON, Jan. 9.—The Royal Mail Company's steamship Tamar, Captain Jellicoe, sailed to-day for Lisbon, Teneriffe, St. Vincent, Pernain buco, Bahia, Rio Janeiro, Monte Video, and Buenos Ayres, with the Brazilian and River Plate moils, specie ralue 15,0001., jewellery value 25,8001., a full cargo, and 108 passengers, among whom are Capt. and Mrs. Piers, Captain Prance, Drs. Barton and Rigo. The Spanish Ecrow steamer Hamburg, Captain Lagier, also sailed this afternoon with 13 passengers and 650 tons of cargo, for Santander, Barcelona, and Marseilles. The European and Australian Royal Mail Company's steamer Colum bia, Captain Pender, leaves on Monday next with the mails for the Australian colonies. The United States mail steamship Arago, Captain Lines, is to leave Havre on Tuesd a y next, and Southampton on W e dnesday, with the French and English mails, for New York. The Union Steamship Company's screw steamer Celt, which put back on Monday, was taken into the graving -dock on Thursday, and thoroughly exam i ne d by Mr. Job hog (Lloyd's s urveyor ) and Mr. Rubie (engineering surveyor to the Board of Trade). The vessel was found to be perfectly sound in every respect, and she will leave here again to-morrow (Saturday) for the Brazils, under the command of Captain Cook. F 0 0 D. A custom has long prevailed at the close of the year of taking a wholesome and profitable retros?ect of our affairs. This habit is not confined t') indi. vidua!s—large corporations, public and private compa nies, do the same thing ; journalists give retrospective sketches, dwell on their past successes, and abound with promises of still more meritorious efforts. Our readers may, many of them, have been employed in some such useful stock-takings during the past week. We do not propose on this occa s i on t o en d eavo ur to aid them in that portion of their important labours ; our business now is with future probabilities, using merely the results of past experience as imperfect data on which rest our in ranfalls. W e per was this in ; ) for instance, calculation. It is almost needless to search into the his tory of prices as a guide ; for in these we have been commonly at the mercy of the seasons of high or lo w mean summer temperatures, or varying i need only compare the prices of wheat . the correspond ingyears o the f different average price centuries o ft wheat h b e e a tcpoery n 1641 ... 57s ld 1741 ... 418 5d 1841 quarter convinced 64s 3d 1650 1850 68s ld 17Z.0 ... 28s 10d •-• 4 08 4d 1651 23s id 1754 ... 308 9a 1854 ••• 728 7d The farmer therefore who, with regard to future pric es , thus looks back upon former markets finds little to aff or d him useful information. But the n there are other consi derations which arise from the statistics of past years th at will probably not be without th e ir use. He will reflect that the advance of knowledge, and of consequent peace and security, is leading to vast increase of corn, cultiva tion in countries hither too ill-governed for agriculture to flourish he will not forget that her onward steps are never found among the wild hordes of the earth—that they are barely traceable in the lands of the serf. Such an inquirer too will reflect on the increasing corn cultivation of the American far west; on the improving agriculture of more than one portion of Africa; on the opening out of the rich valley of Armenia by the proposed Euphrates Railway, and of many other at-present-neglected fields, the certain effect of a constantly open English market. Then, again, he will note that whilethe foreign supply increases the home demand for food is steadily enlarging ; and this accelerated consumption, be it remembered, is not to be attributed merely to a numerical increase of the population. It is to a large extent caused by th e great addition which is now steadily making to the bettor fed portion of our working classes—a result which is the sure attendant of an enlarged demand for skilled labour. The cultivators of our islands, then, are much more deeply interested in the increase of our manufactures, in the de mand for our machinery, and our capital for foreign rail. ways, than we were once wont to consider. Moreover, this demand for food is not confined to bread ; the demaiti for animal food also increases with equal rapidity, The skilful, well-paid machine-maker is not the man whose merits or whose means are adapted to a bread-and-cheese diet; he has better expectations and rights. The demand for animal food, then, increases, and will probably con tinue to do so, as long as England shall go bounding on in her career. But here we may usefully pause to reflect that whatever may be the danger to our own f armers from a foreign supply of corn, there is little or n o d anger of a similar price-depressing supplyof imported l ive stock, since that supply is to a great extent limited liy certain obstacles over which t,ele merchant can exercise little control. In looking forveard, then, to future seasons, distant market-days, and, the safest principles for our guidance, we may well conclude that, as a general prin. ciple, the highest and, the most advanced systems of cul tivation will be ever the most likely to withstand all fo reign corn competitions, and that to a more t h an equal degree the same remark applies to the improved breeding and feeding of live stock. To the landlord, too, such reflections may be profitably applied. If he is of opinion that skilful practice and its handmaid science are the best securities for a well cultivated farm, a prosperous and a contented tenant—if he is really satisfied of that fact—and of another great truth, that °practice and science are ever steadily advancing hand in hand—then let such a landowner further us e f u ll y and practicsAly remember that ho is not commonly, even when aided by a country attorney, the best Mentor to take upon him self the direction of that cultivation. P.atlier let Lim keep his attention to the character and a bili ty of a pro . posed tenant, and then only to the necessary covenants as to the state in which he , shP: i i leave the f arm f or a sue ceeding occupier , Having_ • oOne this, th en l e t hi m b e li eve fervently that the teee:ot will he by far the best judge of the most advantage us system to carry out.—Jtark lane Express. SUICIDAL MANlA. — lnformation has been transmitted to the coroner for West Middlesex of two determined cases of self-destruction. In the first case a young lady named Belinda Batchelor, residing at 17, Camden-roao villas, w h ose a ge was only abo u t s i xteen, comm i tte d t h e dreadful and rash act by swallowing a large quantity of corrosive sublimat9 ; while in the next, a master sweep, residing in Mary's-place, Hampstead-road, destroyed his life by diving into a large tank of water, the desperate deed being the result of excessive despondency, arising from the deceased having run through a large sum of money, some 11/, or so, during the week, •—y c c7///1 , ( (7 - I-I{2 4N E WSPA PE I 71 ZK THE BANK CHARTER ACT. 7 4**"':' ------ - E ---. ( From the Daily .1Y eics ) - ra j l, , —N...1 -9d.9,. The advocates of the Bank Cliartei Act Prifff, 6 ~.s o ` ot Ix ~ • a. .. posej to treat the movement in favour of an i A 6. '' E F'' tr into its effects as an attempt to introduce, thus "i. ,7:::- ,_ y , 4 tern of unlimited paper money. It is true,that a '''''-'• ' small - small knot of financial theorists is in favour of suoin:l. a s a measure, but we are convinced that an over whelming majority of the commercial men of Eng land advocate, like ourselves, the practical conver tibility of the bank note. By practical convertibility we mean, that all notes issued, beyond the amount required for the internal transactions of the country, shall be represented' by specie in the Bank coffers. The chief point, therefore, to which the conimittee will. have to direct its attention is the average amount of paper moncy required for the home trade. It must be evident to all, that this cannot be a con stant and invariable quantity. It must vary with many different things. To go no further, it must vary with the varying relative proportion of our exports to our imports, with the greater or less activity of the home trade and consumption, with the greater or less number of contracts and transactions that, from any cause, required to be settled in coin, or notes, the legal equivalent of coin. It must never be forgotten that the bank note serves two purposes ; one is, to make the payments in transactions between parties dwelling in England—the other, to enable the holder to pay his debts wherever his creditor may happen to be. For the former purpose it is clear that there is no necessity that the note should be convertible into, or rather represented by, gold ; for the latter, this convertibility is absolutely , necessary, inas much as the debt may be contracted abroad, and can only be paid advantageously by the transmis sion of specie. To meet the first class of payments notes issued against any securities of known value may be safely employed ; and what we can desire is, that some power may be given to the Bank Directors to enable them to increase or diminish that portion of their issue under proper restrictions as the varying exigencies of the public may re quire. But, say the financiers of the " Mercator" school, your note is then the representative of a fiction. The words " I promise to pay five pounds" mean nothing, for you have no gold of that current value 4o pay it with, and your securities may rise or fall in - value—they may, in fact, be unsaleable when most needed, and therefore vitiate the promise to pay. If this argument be good for anything, it is good against the existing arrangement. The fixed issue of the Bank is 175,000/. On the security of what ? More than eleven millions of this sum is guaranteed by perhaps the most inconvertible of all securities held by any bank, the Government debt to the proprietors. What, then, becomes of the principle of absolute convertibility ? It is clearly understood by the Charterites themselves as a rela tive term. But " Mercator," and those of his creed, would have us believe that unless the inconvertible issue is maintained at this mystic 14,475,0001. there would be a peril of some dreadful character always impending over commerce. Now, what we have beem asking for from the moment we first ventilated the question is, some facts in support of that opinion, for all those within our own cognisance are diame trically opposed to it. It cannot be that an occa sional extension of the issues beyond the authorised limit would send the Bank paper to a discount from a doubt of its convertibility. In 1847 a very con clusive proof was given to the contrary. On the announcement that more votes were to be issued, unrepresented by bullion, so far from there being a rush on the part of the public to change the notes they held for gold, the precious metal literally poured into the Bank coffers with such rapidity that there was no necessity for carrying the pro posed measure into effect. In fact, commerce was suffering under a panic fear of a deficient circula tion, and therefore individuals kept in their hands a provision to meet the possible want. There was abundance of gold in the country, but the surplus beyond that which might probably be needed for exportation was held by the public for purposes of internal circulation, which might be quite as effi ciently performed by bank notes. We. have been on the verge of similar panics more than once since that period, and we have little doubt that a measure analogous to that of 1847 would have at once re lieved the pressure. But, says "Mercator," it is this beautiful ma chinery of the Bank Act which has carried com merce so safely through the groat perils of recent years. To our thinking, the Bank Act treats com merce occasionally very much in the style of the illustrious Squcers drilling his small pupil ; itgives it a knock on one side of the head, which upsets its equilibrium, and then administers a thump on the other side, which sets it upright again. But if this strict regulation of the issues by the bullion be the great palladium of our monetary system, how is it that the commerce of France has gone through perils far greater than our own within the last six years, and has, to say the least, escaped them quite as effectually ? The Bank of France has no limit fixed for its issues, but it has a limit fixed for its rate of discount ; it cannot, under any circumstances, charge more, than 6 per cent. Let us see, then, what effect this variable ratio of its issues to the bullion in its coffers has had during . the last two years of commercial pressure. In 1855 the difference between the highest and lowest points of its bullion was 9,493,0001., while the ex treme variation in the Bank of England was only 7,240,0001., and of course the note issue of the latter was reduced to the same extent. But the issues of the Bank of France only varied during the year 2,826,0001., the ratio of gold to notes being consequently at one period as 1,000 to 1,400, and at another as 1,000 to 2,796. But in spite of those violent fluctuations, the value of the Bank of France note was as invariable as that of the notes of Bank of England. By not restrict ing its circulation as the gold diminished, the Bank of France was enabled to assist com merce materially, and its discounts during 1855 reached the sum of 150,480,0001., without a single loss by failures. In 1856, again, the variatim between the highest and lowest amounts of specie was two millions greater in the Bank of France than in the Bank of England ;"aud the ratio of the bullion to its circulation varied from the pro portion of, as 1,000 to 2,138, to that of, as 1,000 3,731; and yet when this latter enormous excess of paper against gold existed, the credit of the note, and its consequent convertibility in.practice, did not suffer for one moment. " Mercator" is, we believe, a banker of long standing, and a financier of high repute. He can not be ignorant of the facts we have stated, nor that still more remarkable facts of a similar kind can be brought forward. We are at a loss, there fore, to understand on what principle he ignores them, conclusive as they are against the danger of variable issues. We are notoriously no friends to the popular financial theories current in France— still less do we admire the practice of State finance as conducted there of late years ; but there is no doubt that by the power of expandingits circulation on emergencies, without reference to the amount of specie in its coffers, the Bank of France has en abled the country to tide over moments of com mercial peril as grave as any that have menaced English credit within the same period. It has not been able to prevent a crisis—neither has the Bank Charter Act ; but had such an Act been in exist ence iu France during the last two years, no man can doubt that there would have been a general collapse, which might have created anarchy and i° confusion, and arrested the com mercial p rogress of ithhewcioliucuhtrtyhefeßraannkiAncdtefipnlaicteespuesniosdibisTl:re Peter post has in f Paul him by a lau pay James t withtheiron for building a bridge, bill at three months. Peter dtneiileud hasPa James for a part of the iron with can not, now that it is due, tak e and has l to ihtisuopwwnitil;ilit'hat which he has received from Paul. He is unable to get this latter discounted, except at an exorbitant rate. Why not ? fs Paul's credit or his own doubted? Nothing of the kind—an east wind has been blowing for the last three weeks, and the gold ships are delayed. - Voila tout ! As soon as the wind changes the Bank of England can issue some more .votes, and will be happy to exchange them against Paul's bill for a moderate consideration. And that is the way the Bank Act works—and it is the perfection of human wisdom. A FORTUNATE ESCAPE.—It has been stated that the number of miners of the Cherie)) coal-pit of the Firminy concession, near St. Etienne, who were drowned by the recent irruption of water, was 14; but two of them have, it appears, iniracWously escaped. When the w at er rushed into the pit these men were at wtrk in an isolated gallery, which the water did not fill ; but they knew that ak number of galleries were in communi cation with a pit at a considerab le distance, which had been abandoned Boone years before, and they determined to attempt to sate themselves. In several places they found the galletie s blocked up by falls of earth, but they resolutely cut their way through them. After working for a whole day tl t eir lamps went out, but, encouraged by the progress th, 3y had a.reedy made, they determined, although without f sod, to persevere. After nearly three days' labour, they e eicceeded in reaching the abandoned shaft, but found i t c liised. Guided, however, by their knowledge of the )(vitiates, they cut a narrow passage, and at last saw daylivh t ; but when they found them selves so exhausted by fatigue and hunger that they the n despaired of saving the , L iselves. One of them, however, by e xtraordinary exerti oi ls cre p t throu g h the pr vain. age, and endeavoured to ext eit late his companion, but in . ven T ou h s e He then called for help, a nd after awhile several persons came to their aid. The ether man was likewse had out, and both were sent to the hospital. Having h ad nothing to eat, for so long for food, but it was only gee men say that they were mane so hopeless of p vl grin ee g r l y a a o l n lo ce w thEMselVes t . o escape that they were dispose di and the thought of their die ; but that confidence in Goa v them to persevere. wives and children, encouraged . vi ee than 1 I 5d hi 5d go air by s lig