The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-09-11 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS. We will endeavour to find room for the letter of " Laicus" next week. We regret that we could not find room this week fur the inte resting letter on the translation of the Chinese scriptures. LtberpOOl &tanbarb, TUESDAY MORNING, SEPT. 11, 1849. ON the 13th of this month of September, in 1759—just ninety years ago—after a murderous encounter with an army, composed of Canadians and Indians, supported by a strong force of veteran troops from France, the British standard was planted upon the heights of Abraham, and the foundation laid of a colonial empire, which has had year by year drafted into it some of the beat blood of the mother country, and a few years ago was rapidly progressing towards wealth and importance. The gallant Woolfe fell on that field in the hour of victory ; and his equally gallant opponent, Montcalrn, shouted his last battle-cry on that memorable day. The conqueror and the con quered sleep beneath the same sod, for the pos session of which two great nations had thus put forth their best energies, and expended the lives of thousands of their bravest sons. What a contrast there is presented between the policy of ninety years ago, and that which animates the councils of a British government in the present day ! - Our ancestors regarded the conquest of the Canadas as an 'achievement worthy of being gained at any sacrifice of blood and treasure. One of the regi ments who fought in that memorable battle bore, for fifty years, the lily of France upon its colours, with the same pride with which we now emblazon the newer honours of Busaco, Vittoria, Salamanca, or Waterloo itself. The name of the victor was a household word. Modern statesmanship cannot blot out the glorious record • but appears to have determined that it shall have been written and sealed with blood in vain. We are endeavouring, by every sort of insult and injury, to drive the Canadas from our side. We have made the loyalty of our brethren in these colonies a ground for their exclusion from all honour and office, and are • re-establishing once more the baneful domination of the Gallic race, which our forefathers toiled and suffered to put down. In a word, we are hurrying on the period when Great Britain shall not own a subject, or a friend, in the vast American continent. It is broadly urged by a certain class of politi cians that the possession of these and other colonies is non-essential to the greatness and the power of the British nation. The world has been in error in supposing that it is desirable to hold distant possessions any longer than is required to enable them to protect themselves from hostile aggression, or than they can be used as recipients for our convict or emigrant population. Our British American brethren, the politico-economists of the Manchester school contend, will free trade with us as largely as an independent country, or as a portion of the neighbouring union, as they are at present ; and we shall save the cost of supporting there an army and an executive. We maintain the very reverse; and that, with a view to the,:success of the free trade system, and to the promotion of manu facturing industry at home, nothing can possibly be more disastrous than the loss of those colonies. We put out of consideration altogether the advan tages which they afford us as a maritime people; and are prepared to argue thy question of their retention upon commercial and fiscal ;grounds. The Canadas are the only lever which we possess to, enable us to protect ourselves from the high tariff party in the United States. An exclusive and ultra-protective policy on the part of the United States is impossible, so long as we possess an exten sive frontier, over which British products can be . readily introduced. The smuggler is, in fact, the most potent friend of the British manufacturer on the American continent; and by none'is the fact better known than by the legislature of : America itself. We cannot, however, look to the continuation, for any long period, of our connexion with the Canadas, without an amelioration in their favour of our present commercial policy. We may have fanned the flame of dissatisfaction in these colonies by the recent insults levelled against the loyal party there. We have provoked the passions of these men, by setting up over them an insolent and an alien faction—by rewarding known rebels and slighting true subjects. But the abiding cause of discontent is that commercial policy , which has, in effect, severed the strongest tie of connexion with the mother country, and withdrawn from the colonies every advantage of that connexion. It is galling to the feelings of our colonists to see, upon the opposite shores of the great lakes, a people living Under free institutions, enjoying the benefits of a cheap form of government, and whose industry is strictly protected, growing in prosperity, and enabled to undersell the products of colonial industry in the British market ; whilst they them selves, although British subjects, are hampered with costly institutions, ane harassed at every step by official meddling and mismanagement. They see, too, that neighbouring people, although thus favoured by the mother country, rigidly exclude themselves from their markets, and refuse all offers of reciprocity; and they are naturally beginning to speculate upon the advantages which they would derive from being embraced within the arms of the American Union, and to weigh against them their present anomalous position. We do not regard as of very immediate import the exhibitions of angry feeling which have lately taken place in Canada. We do not imagine that it is in the power of any party to excite for awhile any serious move ment against British rule. It will not be mere passion which will originate any movement exten sive enough to be an object of fear to a determined government at home. Its great impelling cause will be a conviction' on the part of the people that separation from Great Britain will be beneficial to British America; and that conviction is rapidly spreading, not amongst political firebrands and senseless mobs, but amongst a deliberative, calm, and respectable portion of the people. We have driven them to think by our unnatural commercial policy. We are goading theta on to act by our insulting administrative policy. THE report of the Medical Committee of the Vestry, in reply to the charges brought against that body by the Central Board of Health in London, is now being prepared ; and, although we should gladly have had it before us, previously to offering a few remarks of our own upon the subject, we con ceive that, in common with many of our fellow townsmen, we are already in possession of sufficient information to enable us to dispose of most of the charges in question. Vie can very readily conceive how those charges have originated. Central boards generally work through local agencies. They have their feelers abroad ; their private channels, through which information is distilled into their ear. k ran sacking of the portfolios of Messrs. Chadwick and Colleagues would disclose correspondence which would startle the world, and cause some to inquire, seriously whether espionage so inquisitorial is con sistent with the liberties and the security of pro perty, which ought to belong to a free people. It is not in our power, however, to go thus into the recesses of the Central Board's proceedings, or to examine the intricacies of their machinery. We find quite sufficient matter for our purpose upon the surface. . . . The central body charge the Vestry with having omitted to provide, beforehand, for the approach of cholera, and with having neglected the warnings of its officers to fit up hospitals in the most suitable localities for the reception of patients. 'With respect to the first of these complaints, we are provided with quite a sufficient answer in the following do cument, which was prepared in June last, and which received the signature of some of the most eminent of our medical practitioners : " The District Medical Offieers having requested us to record our opinions, with reference to their capabilities to perform the duties of house-to-house visitation in those streets of their respective districts in which cholera pre vails, and having explaided to us the exact nature and ex tent of those duties, required as they are at a time when the amount of general sickness is considerably diminished, we, the undersigned, impressed with the conviction that the district officers are conversant with the individual localities of their respective districts, as well as with the general habits of the residents in those parts of their dis tricts in which the disease exists, most readily assert our conviction that they are fully competent to undertake those duties, and that they can discharge them more effi ciently than if those districts were confided to the hands of strangers. (Signed) " ROBERT BICKERSTETH, ARNOLD J. KNIGHT, M.D. J. VOSE, SAML. M'CULLOCH, JOHN O'DONNELL, M.D. DAVID MACRORIE, M,D. W. WRIGHT MANIFOLD, HENRY STUBBS, JOHN MAURICE BANNER, THOMAS BLACKBURN. EDWARD BATTY, Liverpool, 19th June, 1849. We were at this time, as we have been all along, in advance, instead of behind hand, with respect to every means provided to meet ttre4irergency which has presented itself. And with respect to hospital accommodation, we possess it now, as we have done all along, in excess. In the Southern Hospital the Vestry have accommodation for, at least, 150 cho- . lera patients. We have at present availing them , : selves of that accommodation only eleven. In fact, we have more doctors than patients ! In the North ern Hospital we have accommodation for upwards of 150; yet we have never had fifty cholernpatients in the place. We may remind the Central Board that their general practice has all along been opposed to hospitals for this disease. More eases have died during their transport to them than have been recovered when there. Our poor are most averse to be removed to them ; and we may state, in proof that they are regarded with • disfavour, that, although the Vestry has provided two sheds, to be used if required, as additional hospitals, it has only been considered judicious to fit up beds in a portion of one of them, so little likely are they to be wanted. Let us just examine what are the circumstances, in other respects, under which the people of Liver pool are held up to' the censure of the world as hard heartedly grudging a proper provision for the sick poor thrown updo their bounty. We repeat, em phatically, the expression thrown upon their bounty; for it is a fact that the hulk of the cholera cases for which the palish has had to provide have consisted of immigrant vagrants from Ireland, whom, accord ing to the ,Striet letter of the law, we had no right to provide with medical relief, our duty being only to pass them back to their settlements, if these could be discovered. In proof of this assertion, as to the class principally affected, we can state that up to ,the last fortnight two of our most efficient practitioners had not had even a solitary case. We followed, however, that humane spirit of the law which forbids that any fellow-creature should be permitted to perish in a Christian land for want of the necessaries of life, although we were in a posi tion, and had made previous sacrifices, which might well have pleaded for us had we chosen to pursue a contrary course. Two years ago we expended, for the relief of our suffering Irish brethren, the enor ' mous sum of £70,000, wrung from the suffering ratepayers of this parish. Since that period our local hurthens had continued to be enormous; in utter disproportion to our means to meet them. We had expended within the last two years an enormous amount in improving our sanatory con dition—an expenditure which, we believe we are quite within bounds in saying, has, by increas ing local hurthens, decreased the yield of property at least twenty-five per cent. We had com mitted ourselves to a threatened expenditure for an increased supply of water of from half a million to a million sterling. We had provided a permanent staff of medical officers, costing us from five to six thousand perannum. Yetwe did nothesitate to sacri fice more largely than this. We have now provided a staff of sixty medical practitioners and lay visitors. We have three dispensaries, open night and day, for the gratuitous supply of the poor with medi cines. We have additional druggists' establish ments in various wards of the town, for such gra tuitous supply to all afflicted with bowel complaints. And to carry out the efforts of the authorities of the Vestry an expenditure:is at present going on of at least £15,000 per annum. Such are the circumstances under which we are this accused of neglect and inhumanity; and what is the body by whom we are accused ? What has this body effected ? Where is its diploma of com petency, and where the beneficial result of its labours ? There is scarcely a locality in the empire which has not been disturbed by its meddling. It has upturned sewers, (lived into cesspools, closed up inhabited cellars, ventilated unhealthy courts, swept,. washed, and cleansed throughout the land ; Yet, here we are in the midst of cholera, as rife and as fatal as when first it appeared amongst us, as a new complaint, seventeen years ago ! We have still our regular visitations of lever and epidemics; and there seems no perceptible difference in the average rate of mortality anywhere. It is not too much to say that some millions have been expended in the prevention of disease; but an inscrutable Providence mocks the efforts of the Charlatanrie, which thus sets itself up as gifted with infallibility. Before we were blessed with the interference of the Poor-law Commissioners, and before we had any Central Boards at all, the medical wants of this parish were efficiently supplied for a sum not ex ceeding £1,500 per annum. Our permanent me dical staff now, without the presence of cholera, and the consequently added efforts required, costs us between £5,000 and £6,000 per annum; and, we ask, where is the improvement observable ? We ate not at all disposed to deny that much may be done for the improvement of the health of the population of this or any other community by attention to sanatory regulations—by a better sup ply of water, better cleansed houses and streets, better sewers, and more personal cleanliness. The great question at issue, however, is whether each community is not the best capable of judging of its own circumstances and wants, and of applying the 'remedy required. We conceive that it is so; and we claim the privilege of being allowed to do so for our own locality at all events. We claim it as being peculiarly situated ; as being rather the reci pients of alien disease than as breeding it; and we tell the Central Board that an ocean of rose water would, not suffice to purge away the filth with which we are invaded from tl.e sister isle. We tell them, moreover, that until they succeed in removing the impurities existing under their own noses ; until Lambeth, Whitechapel, and other receptacles of putridity, and consequent disease, are cleansed ; until there are no more revolting graveyards open to spread pestilence through the heart of the metro polis, we shall abstain from asking for any of their aid. They will have quite enough to do at home. THE recent doings among the Methodists fur nish another, to the many proofs from time to time revealing themselves, of the instability of mere codes in securing compactness and harmony to a religious body. There is an essential differ- ence between a Christian Church and a Christian society. An institution may be planned with oh jects of the purest and most Christian character, and may work to the benefit of religion or charity by human means, as long as that institution is only subsidiary to the great design of Him who has defined the economy of the church so clearly that naught but the perversion of the human in tellect can refuse to comprehend it. Such an insti tution being nothing more than a club of Chris tian men, may, in the course of events, suffer from any one of the variety of causes by which human determinations are frustrated, and. may sustain a commensurate amount of damage, nay, even an nihilation, without any considerable injury to the Christian church. As it was never more than an agent to the working of the great design, another may be substituted, or even the disrupted machi nery may be reconstructed. But a Church pro perly so called, is not framed of materials so pliant : there is no such elasticity about its elements as will admit. of the collisions or temporisings of its exe cutive to pass over without damage to the fabric. It may be all very well.for a set of men to consti tute themselves a church, and lay down rules and laws for their governance, but will they ensure the sanction and essential blessing of the Great de signer of all things ? Dissenters from the Church of England have, among other complaints, set up that of a want of independence on the part of her ministers in the daily practice of their sacred duties, and therefore have held, that among themselves a sort of repub lican ministry was the only efficient agency. How these views have been realised in the case of the Wesleyans recent events explain. In consequence of that body being governed by a code of purely mortal invention, and being held together by bonds of no greatcr*tenacity than those that usually coalesce societies of men for less important ends, it is obnoxious to the animosities and heartburnings that will ever ooze out in human institutions. Re garding that body in this view, we can understand how it comes to pass that a clique, ostensibly of no greater dignity than ordinary ministers, has pos sessed itself of a degree of power which enables it to dictate to those who conceive themselves to be on an equal footing, and to influence the affairs of the whole body in a manner so direct as to stultify all pretensions to independence. Thus, also, with out imputing improper designs, we can comprehend how motives of aggrandisement can take the place of right principles, and, in short, bow the original design may be utterly frustrated. The recent act of conference in principle challenges any of the arbitrary vetos of the Inquisition, and comes before us in a guise peculiarly inconsistent when we regard it as the deed of men who have been apt to congra tulate themselves on the fact of their ministers being free from the restrictions 'liable to be imposed by die:- nitaries'in the parent church. The man, however, who has arrogated to himself a more than papal power, will soon sees reason to lament the exercise of his self delegated authority ; the summary expulsion of his refractory brethren is a fatal act, the contingencies of which will be se e n a t wor k i n th e .whole body— a schism is now arising which threatens to un hinge, if not to destroy the sect, despite the exhor tations of the expelled to the people to maintain their position regardless of passing events. OPENING OF THE LIVERPOOL EXHIBITION. The Liverpool exhibition of the works of modern artists will open for the season to-morrow; and, from a hasty glance through the rooms, we can venture to promise the lovers of art in our town a great treat. We observe several pictures of much excellence, and more than the usual number of contributions from metropolitan and other artists of the first rank, amongst whom are Poole A., Johnston, Frith A.., Horsley, Lees, R.A., Lee and Cooper, R.A., Sir Wm. Allen, R.A., Fielding, Lander, Cooke, Watts, Lance, Uwins, R.A., Hannah, Jenkins, Anthony, Ansdell, Danby, and others. The talent ofour own town is represented by Barka.. WTestcott, Dawson, Oakes, Huggins, Robertson, Pidgeon, Buchanan, Bishop. arid others. Some of the pictures are very large ; but these are generally by first-rate men, who mar be excused ior occupying so much of the space in an exhibi tion. The portraits, which are not so numerous as usual, are generally of a very superior class. The association's prize of £5O was yesterday awarded to Mr. Alexander Johnston, for his very clever painting of a scene from Sir Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake. It we remember right, one of this gentleman's productions— Prince Charles and Flora Mac Ivbr—was :last year vex) nearly being placed first by the judges. The present is a production of similar character, and is a very fine concep tion of the stirring scene in the poem. We shall, how ever, have a further opportunity of noticing the picture in detail. A CURE FOR CHOLERA. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SIR.—I feel it a duty incumbent on me to inform.you, that I h ive kept camphorated spirits at my office. and at my house, for the use of any who may be affected with pain in the bowels, (the last about two months,) that in every case, and they .have been numerous,—dock gate men, police-officers, &amen, and women, to a consider able extent,—have recovered, feeling beneficial effects immediately on taking it. Those to whom I gave it, satisfied of its efficacy, have purchased some, and sup plied their neighbours, with equal success. The dock gateman that diqd is thej only one who did not take it. I can with confidence recommend it. CHARLES PURNELL. Dos E.—l give about 20 drops in a teaspoonful of sugar and water, or on sugar alone. TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF HIGHWAYS, OR TO THE BOROUGH ENGINEER, OR TO ANY PERSON WHOM IT CONCERNS. GENTLEMEN,—SeveraI requests have been made from time to time, by the inhabitants in the neighbourhood, to have Rice-street re-paved, but all to no purpose. I write to suggest, that now will be a very appropriate oppor tunity, as about one-third of the paving of the street is at present broken up, in consequence of a large sewer being now in the course of building through the middle of the street.—Yours,. &c., A RATE PAYER. Liverpool, Sept. 8, 1849. RETIRING COUNCILLORS. The following gentlemen will retirq from the Council on the Ist November next, their period of office—three years, having then expired : Everton.. William Atherton. S.mtland Vauxhall St. Paul's James Stitt. Exchange James Tyrer. Castle-street Tames Aikin. St. Peter's. John A. Tinne. Pitt-street Thomas Toulmin. Great George John Rogers. • Rodney-street Samuel Holme. Abercromby . . Thomas Kaye. Lime- street St. Anna's William Bennett. West Derby G. H. Lawrence. South Toxteth North Toxteth Robert Benn. So strong is the feeling in the town on the questions of water supply and the desirability of rating the docks to the relief the poor, that it is confidently expected that the majority of these gentlemen will be replaced by others. An opposition is organising even against Mr. James Aikin, for Castle-street ward—a gentleman whose services to the town, have been great, and whom we shall .be sorry to see deprived of a seat in the Council. Mr. James Tyrer is another gentleman who ought by no means to be removed. THE LIVERPOOL STANDAtti. THE COTTON TRADE. Spinners have again purchased very sparingly, only taking 18,000 bales during the week, to meet a consump tion of some 32,000 bales; and we repeat our conviction that they will rue having kept aloof from this market, for when they do appear they will most assuredly be met by speculators, and increased firmness on the part of merchants, the consequence of which will be a more rapid advance of prices than they have yet been forced to sub mit to. We find upon inquiry, that notwithstanding their small purchases, prices now rule as high as they did two or three weeks since, that there is a more decided tone in the market in favour of higher prices, and that the demand for export is continually .greater than the weekly imports. Only a few weeks ago the stock in this port, including all descriptions, was 730,000 bales, it sub sequently declined to 600.000, and this week is 593,000, and two months' hence will be under 400,000. With a large consumption, of which there appears every certainty, and a limited import, higher prices are inevitable between this and January next, putting cut of the question the bad accounts of the coming crop in America ; and with this fact staring us in the face, we are surprised that any paper, however limited its influence may be, giving publicity to statements calculated to mislead spinners, more especially as the one in question ought to be the spinners' friend ; we allude to the Manchester Examiner and Times. Mr. Stewart's circular, of New York, has been looked upon by all unprejudiced parties, for the last few years, as convey ing the fairest statements pro and eon. of any circular from the other side of the Atlantic, with respect to what is stirring in cotton, prospects, &c. ; indeed he has invariably written for a large crop (a larger estimate than his neigh bours), and has been remarkably correct. If we forget not, when others were writing 2,200,000 and 2,400,000 as the probable estimate of the last crop, he named 2,700,000, which has turned out correct. Three months ago he also wrote highly in favour of the coming crop, but the last few weeks have completely changed his tone —he now states that the crop will be a month late— that it cannot be more than an average--that the plant is not maturing, as it ought, but is being choked with weed, that it may he under an average, and that the prospects of the sanguine for higher prices are improving. Now, this gentleman is resident in America, doing a very extensive commission business, and has access to the very best information. But such information does not suit the Manchester Examiner : in all his power lie has decreed that he will write the cotton market down, it may be to please a small clique of spinners—with others wa have heard the name of Cobden. But be this as it may, in a short hut telling article no doubt, last week, he throws a wet sheet over Mr. Stuart's circular, and quotes a private letter, setting forth that it is ridiculous to suppose that the cotton plant has, or can be injured, and that there is every probability that the coming crop will reach 2,700,000 at least,—in one of his former private letters he estimates it at 3.000,000 bales. We may appear to be making too much of our contemporary, The Examiner, but our object is to expose the subterfuge which this " school" will adopt to gain their own ends, and to put other spinners and manufacturers who are not of this clique, on their guard .how they receive such twaddle. It is a very easy matter to receive a private communication from any quarter of the globe, with our steam facilities, in a remarkably abort space of time, r.nd we will merely ask the question, in answer to this private letter,.—how many thousand letters, also private, were re ceived by the America, from parties of the highest re spectability. many of them Englishmen and partners in English houses established there, of a totally different tenor ? The weather has been remarkably favourable for harvesting pprposes throughout the week, and we hear of the wheat crops having been generally hcused and in prime condition. In the north, as well as in Scotland and the north of Ireland, they are not so forward, but sufficient has already been secured to make the present a bountiful harvest. Though prices of wheat are un doubtedly low, yet it must not be forgotten that the yield is unusually good, and farmers, after all, wilt not be so miserably off as might at first appear. Trade generally is healthy, and there is an improved demand for manu factures for the home market, which is a very important feature. The exports, both of goods and twist, to China have been less than the average for the last two or three years, and an increased demand for this ,narket is looked for, as it is pretty plain we are supplanting their manu factures of course goods. The continued increasing de mand for raw cotton for the continent is a great feature in the present position of this article, and of i tself i s equal to take off any supply we can receive for the next three months. We understand that the Rev. Dr. Robinson, Master of the Temple, is announced to preach a sermon in St. An drew's Church, on Sunday morning next, on behalf of the Society for ' Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. POLICE COURT YESTERDAY.—The business was un usually meagre, and may be summed up in a few words. James Lynch was charged by a youth named Thomas Green, a stranger in the town, with having on Saturday last, in Freemason's-row, violently assaulted him and robbed him of the whole of his clothes, shoes, Scc..leaving him almost in a state of nudity. The prisoner was sent for trial.—Sarah Arnold and Catherine Caffrey were com mitted to gaol for three months for robbing a man named William Brown, in Eaton-street, on Saturday, of £2. — Eliza Leonard, for robbing Alexander M'Clelland, in Great Homer-street, of 205., two months.—John Leigh and John M`Cann, noted thieves found prowling in the night in Hugh-street, three months each.—A female ac cu-,ed of retaining a Post-office order for 10s. enclosed in a letter, and drawn in favour of George Taylor, was re manded for further evidence. The letter had been de livered by a postman. MEETING. OF THE POLYTECHNEC SOCIE4 rY. The first monthly meeting of this society, after the summer vacation, took place last night, at the Royal In stitution, and was numerously and respectably attended, Thomas Milner, Esq., the president of the association, in the chair. After the usual private business, including the election of several new members who had been nominated, The PRESIDENT said that previously to the proceedings of the evening he had to state to them that he was in pos session of a snuffbox made from a portion of the wood that had belonged to that antique building known as Prince Rupert's Cottage, at Everton, now unfortunately pulled down. This he begged leave to present to the society, if they would accept of it, as a relic of the olden time, and preserve it as a reminiscence. The thanks of the meeting were voted to the President for this interest ing present. A gentleman present vouched for the genu ineness of the wood ; and another volunteered to supply the box with snuff. The Chairman then explained Mr. Hughes' new plan of a manure cart, (as lately noticed in our paper,) and begged to present to the society a copy of the work describing it. He added that in addition to this convenient kind of cart, (which is easily loaded, and retains its contents, however liquid, without spilling,) Mr. New lands, the borough engineer, had proposed that the soil of the town which was considered so obnoxious to health, should be removed in these carts, or in buckets, and thrown into the river, without being, as now, deposited in streets or yards, and afterwards loaded in open carts, and placed in depots in the outskirts. He then alluded to the fine new iron roof now being erected over the yard of the railway station in Lime-street, and introduced Mr. Tur ner, senior, to the meeting. Mr. RICHARD TURNER, of Dublin, who is now con structing the new galvanised iron roofing and other iron works of the Railway-station alluded to, produced models and drawings of that spacious water shed which will cover the entire area of the yard, and thus briefly ex plained the principle of the huge structure, which, when completed, and the old sheds removed, will present a very capacious, light, and elegant appearance. Mr. Turner furnished the meeting with the following interesting par ticulars : —The roof covers an area of 6,140 square yards, be ing about 360 feet in length, and 153 feet 6 inches in width. There are no intermediate columns ; but this great space is spanned over by one stupendous arch, rising in a seg ment of a circle to a central height of thirty feet from the spring or chord. The roof consists of seventeen curved girders of wrought iron, resting at one side - upon the walls of the offices, and at the other upon cast-iron co lumns of the Doric order, connected by ornamental arches in perforated iron. These girders are trussed ver tically by a series of radiating struts, acted upon by tie bars connected with the extremities of the girders ; and they are trussed horizontally by a series of purlins and diagonal rods, thus forming one rigid piece of framing from end to end. Upon this framing will be laid plates of galvanised corrugated iron, and three: ranges of plate glass, (in sheets about 12 feet 6 inches in length, and of great thickness,) extending the whole length of the roof. In consequence of the great extent of surface exposed to the variations of temperature, provision has been made for expansion and contraction of the iron without injury to its hearings. The roof, when furnished, will weigh about 700 tons. The whole of the work, with the excep tion of the cast-iron columns and ornamental arches, is of wrought iron. The iron columns upon which the roof rests, on the south side of the yard, are two feet three inches in diameter at their bases. Six of the girders are fixed ; and having, on Friday last, struck the centres under three of these girders, it was found that in not one of them was there the least perceptible deflection. He produced specimens of the various parts of the iron work employed in the roof in question, and explained the manner in which they were applied so as to make a per fect whole. Though these samples are very massive, it was stated that the huge roof, though very strong, would appear to the eye as light as a cobweb. The explanations given, and some discussion which followed, were highly interesting to all present, and we regret that want of time prevents us from entering into details. Mr. Turner after wards explained the other models, two of them of large conservatories; and another of a shed to cover a ship of the line while she is being built. All of them were highly approved. Mr. R. M. WALKER (of the Standard) then read a paper on an improved method of ventilating ships. After alluding to the importance of the subject, and to the little encouragement to builders to improve their ships, he said,—A passenger ship is measured superficially only ; so that a vessel of 1,000 tons burthen could carry the same number of passengers, whether her height be tween decks was 5 feet 6 inches, 7 feet, or 12 feet. The Americans had clone much more to remove evils than ourselves. The ventilation of every ship they send out they endeavour to improve. The Constellation, the An drew Foster, the Guy Mannering, and other recent ves sels, are greatly improved in ventilation anti in other im portant sanitary points. In order to show this, he quoted a letter from New York, received by the last steamer, in which the comparative number of deaths in new and old vessels is fully shown : Passengers. Deaths. The Andrew Foster Caleb Grimshaw Sheridan Oxford . All these vessels sailed about the same time, and none of them had yet returned. They are principally ventilated by the common wind cool, which at best was but a very imperfect mode, for it was clear, that without an effectual power, air could not be forced to the lower decks of a vessel, particularly against a ratified atmosphere. After reading and commenting on Dr. Arnott's report on ship ventilation, Mr. Walker exhibited a skeleton model of a ship, showing his apparatus as fixed, and a working mo del in zinc of the important portions. The large model showed a vessel with the water and air-tight tanks, one of them fixed in the fore peak, one in •the after run. and another amidships. Instead of the ordinary kel son, there was a tubular one similar to those now used in iron vessels, and through the centre of the kelson the water in all the tanks is connected, but none of the tanks are completely filled with water. It was obvious that if the how tank were raised there would be a pressure on the air in the after tank, and vice versa, as on every motion of the vessel, which would tend to expel the con fined air. Thus, when the vessel makes the slightest motion r the air contained in one or more cisterns, is forced in amongst the passengers by means of perforated pipes— while a vacuum is created in the higher ones. By the simple application of a common in-let and out-let valve, it is so arranged that the air to fill the vacuum may be taken from the mast-head, and on every motion the air is expelled in its balmy purity. If cold, it can be simply ratified. The merits of the invention may thus be briefly summed' up : Ist.—An undiminished supply of fresh air. 2nd.—The air being forced by specific gravity can be equally distributed over the ship, and in quantity, can be regulated ad libitum. 3rd.—Ft is worked entirely by the ship's water, and whether that water be increased or de creased, it does not affeet its utility. 4th.—The water being kept in continual motion and subjected to the action of fresh air, can never become putrid, and all anamalculte will he prevented. sth.—That it occupies no space available for stowage, and that by removing the lumber and dead weight of water from en deck to below, where it acts as ballast, there will be a saving of stowage space. 6th.—lt is equally applicable for preventing spontaneous combustion : and Lastly—lt is calf-acting, and the work ing valves will not exceed in value 5s each. The cordial thanks of the meeting were voted to the chairman, and to Messrs. Turner and Walker. THE RECENT CASUALTY ON THE iiMMSEY. Yesterday, the adjourned inquest was resumed before Mr. Curry, on view of the body of Edward Wilson, senior, who, together with his grandson of the same name, was recently drowned in the river near Woodside, by his fish ing boat coming into collision with the Birkenhead Ferry steamer " Fanny." Some preliminary enquiry had taken place on Thursday, but the principal evidence was taken yesterday, as follows : Mr. Charles G. Morris, who is in the employ of Mr. Chegwin, of Castle-street, said he was on board of the "Fanny" at the time. Ho did not see the captain or mate on board. When about half way between Monks Ferry and Woodside, he saw a small boat on the river, about 150 yards off. When the boat got within about 10 yards of the steamer, he saw two parties in it, and they shouted out "Ahoy there r" A seaman saw her and shouted to the man Brisbane at the helm to "stop her." Witness seeing the mast of the small boat touch the side of the steamer, ran to the engine -room and shouted " stop her." The engineer was at the other side of the engine room, and asked " What's the matter ?" Witness told him they were running down a small boat. He lost sight of the boat, but saw two men in the water. The steamer was stopped after the crash. William Garnett, Captain of the steamer, after being cautioned, said the hands on board were six—including himself, a mate. a fireman, two seamen, and an engineer. This was an efficient crew for the steamer, which was 45 horse-power, with a steeple engine, more difficult to start and stop than the ordinary kind. The only signal the steamer had for starting was the ringing of a bell. Wit ness was not on board at the time, as the crew had a rule amongst themselves that one man should be let off at 8 at night, and should join the boat at 8 in the morning. The man he had let off the night before was the mate. He did not think three men a sufficient crew fOr such a boat. The engineer frequently attended both to the fire and the engine. This was a general rule among the boats. The mate ought to have been there that morning. There ought to be at least four hands on board, but three might take such a boat across with safety. If the engineer were below firing he could not stop or reverse the engines. The steam-boat might go about 400 or 500 yards in two minutes in slack tide. Joseph Hilton, the mate of the steamer Wallasey, was making a trip from the stage towards Eastbam that morn ing, and saw the accident. He avoided the small boat, which luffed up across tho steamer Fanny's bow, which those in ber had no need to do so. Steamers usually give way to small boats, end owing to this the latter be came very careless. Samuel Jones, of Woodland, Clifton-park, Birkenhead, was a passenger on board the Fanny. On the alarm being given the vessel's course was altered immediately. He saw the small boat upsetting, The steamer was stopped and reversed back to the spot. The three men in the steamer appeared very diligent in endeavouring to save the lives of the deceased. Mr. Bretherton briefly addressed the jury for the engi neer Brisbane, and the man James Carr, who acted for the captain, and took occasion to reprehend the practice of employing the crew of the steamer for such prolonged hours of the day, which he considered little better than slavery. Mr. Topping, on the part of the Corporation, stated that that body had granted to the widow of the deceased an annuity of 12s. per week, in consideration of her be reavement. . . The Coroner carefully summed up, pointing out the points of law involved in the case. The j ury retired, and after considerable deliberation returned a verdict of "man. fi f ,slaughter" against James Carr, the man who attended to the engine, and the same against James Brisbane, the man who took charge of the vessel. The Coroner said that he would has been glad had another verdict been returned. As it was he was compelled to commit both the men to Kirkdale to await their trial at the next assizes. It was intimated, ho wever, that steps would be taken to have them bailed out. THE RAILWAYS OF LANCA.SIII RE AND YORKSHIRE. THE MANCHESTER, SHEFFIELD, AND LINCOLNSHIRE RAILWAY. The nucleus of this now extensive concern was the Sheffield, Ashton-under,Lyne, and Manchester Railway, the act for which was procured in 1836. The length of the line between Sheffield and Manchester was about 401 miles, and the share capital £700,000, raised in £lOO stock. The present branch to Ashton was part of the original scheme ; and was only-deferred from the difficulty then existing in the money market. The following are the various undertakings at present under the company's direction :—Constructed and at work : Manchester to Sheffield, 41+ miles ; Ashton branch, 24 miles ; Glossop branch, 1 mile ; Thurgoland coal branch, 2 mil ; Lin coln to Market Rasen, 15 miles ; Market tasen to Brigg, 18 miles ; Brigg to Ulceby. 81 miles ; Ulceby to New Holland, 7} miles ; Ulceby to Great Grimsby, 91 miles ; Branch to Barton, 3 miles ; Mghton branch, 7 miles — in all open 116 miles. In course of construction : Gains borough to Kirton, 101 miles ; Kirton Brigg, ; Sheffield to Worksop,. In ; Rut - ford to Gainsborough, 12+ ; Retford to Lincoln, 19 ; and Worksop to Retford, 71 miles—in all 71 miles. When these works are com pleted the total length will be 187 miles. In addition to these railways the company have pur chased the Peak Forest Canal for a perpetual annuity of £9,324 Ils. ; and the Macclesfield Canal for a perpetual annuity of £6,605. They are authorised to subscribe £175,000 to the Manchester South Junction and Altring ham Railway, of which they have already contributed £72,500 ; and they have agreed to purchase, in conjunc tion with the London and North-western Company, Lord Ellesmere's share in the South Junction. By acts passed in 1847, they purchased the Chesterfield and Gainsborough Canal at par, guaranteeing 5 per cent. dividend until six months after the opening of the Lincolnshire lines ; they took an interest to the amount of £50,000 in the Man chester and Buxton line ; and received power to raise £120,000 to convey the surplus water of their canals to Manchester and Stockport. In the session of 1848 they procured a•lditional acts ; first, for vesting the canal navi gation from Manchester to Ashton-under-Lune and Old ham in the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire ; second, for crossing Sheffield -street, &c., £26,666 • third, Humber ferries improvement, £112,000; fourth, Bramley junction and branches, £464,000 ; fifth, station approach at Manchester, £66,666 ; and sixth, station at Sheffield, and branch to Sheffield Canal, £24o,ooo—in all for these new works, £909,332. It may be presumed, however, that some of them will not be carried out at present. The company are also proprietors of the Great Grimsby Ducks. The capital account to the 31st December, 1848, shewed the total receipts to have been, on shares, £1,939,640 ls., and from loans, £706,971; total, £2,646,611 ls. The expenditure had been £2,629,047 183., leaving a balance of £17,563 35. The company have power to raise an addi tional amount of £3,645,290, making an entire capital of £3,170,932. r: venue account for the half year ending 31st Sept., chewed the net earnings to have been £25,380 16s. 6d. This, however, was swept away by the loss in working canals and preferential charges against revenue (interest on loans and guaranteed dividend on No. 1 quarter shares) leaving nothing for the holders of shares in the original line. The last half year's working shows a similar result, no dividend being declared. By these various schemes the Manchester, Sheffield, And Lincolnshire company have secured an unbroken communication between the east and west coasts, besides opening out the great coal field of Yorkshire to the manu facturing districts of Lancashire and the German Ocean; and they hope for a large traffic to be drawn to their docks at Great Grimsby. The rich agricultural county of Lincolnshire is also opened out to the manufacturing districts. In their efforts to embrace all these objects in one large scheme under a central management the com pany seem unfortunately to have been driven into some unprofitable bargains; and it is certain that their line of country has been encroached upon by their great rival, the Lancashire and Yorkshire. Ultimately, however, it is most probable that the concern will become more remu nerative to its owners. The line is throughout a most picturesque one, containing great variety of scenery, and, when better known to the public, will become a favourite one. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (By EXPRESS.) DEATH OF THE BISHOP OF NORWICH. The Right Rev. Edward Stanley, D.D., Bishop of Norwich, died on the 6th instant, at Braban Castle, near Dingwall, after a short illness, which terminated in con gestion of the brain. Dr. Stanley was born in 1779, and was consecrated in 1837. He is clerk of the Closet to her Majesty, and pa tron of 47 livings. The annual value of the diocese is £4465. Lor.A MONTES.—Yesterday, at Marlborough Police office, the recognizances were extended to to-morrow week. The lady did not appear. Mr. Clarkson said he could prove that Mr. James, her former husband, was alive six days before her late marriage. On Sunday a wedding party were sailing on the Thames when the wherry upset, and the bride, who had been married that morning, and her bridesmaid, were drowned. Mr. More O'Ferrall having been severely censured by the Colonial Office for his recent conduct towards the Italian refugees, has resigned the governorship of Malta. LATEST BETTING AT THE WEST END. LAST NIGHT. ST. LEGER. 2to 1 on Flying Dutchman—taken 10 to 1 agst Old Dan Tucker—(taken to £lOOO at 12 to 1) 15 to 1 „ Nunnykirk—taken 40 to 1 „ Vatican—offered 1000 to 100 „ Westow—taken CASARENVITCH STAKES. 40 to 1 agst Repletion—taken 40 to 1 ~ Rathmines—taken 3000 to 90 „ Essedarius—taken CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES. 2500 to 90 agst Rathmines—taken 2500 to 90 „ Ribaldry—taken 2000 to 60 „ Woolwich—taken LONDON MONEY MARKET.-YESTERDAY . There has been no movement in the market for Public Secu rities this morning, the quotations continuing within the same range as on Saturday. Consols both for Money and the Ac count have been done at 924 and the Three per Cents. Re dliced 921 4, the Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. 94 31, Exche quer-bills 38 41, and India Bonds 72 75 pm. LONDON CORN MARKET.-YESTERDAY. WHEAT.—A fair spew of English from Essex and Kent, the condition of which was good, and met a tolerable sale at 2s. per quarter decline; of foreign, at a reduction of 2s. per quarter, some few sales were made; in floating cargoes there is so little doing, we can make no alteration in our quotations. INDIAN CORN.—Floating : the like remark applies to this, — merchants holding for 255. without finding buyers. BARLEY IS. to 2s. lower. RYE and MALT without change in value. PEAS and BEANS fully Is. per quarter cheaper. OATS.—Owing to the large arrival we had a slow sale at Is. per quarter less money. SMITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET.-YE ST it RDA Y. The supply of Beasts is rather shorter; trade is cheerful, at advanced rates. The best qualities readily make 48. The number of Sheep and Lambs is also smaller, the demand being considerable: Friday's advance is fully maintained, and in a few instances rather exceeded. Good Calves are more in request; indeed, all kinds are readily disposed of, although the second-rate are still making a low price. THE WEATHER.—Since our last publication the weather was for some days, at the beginning, favourable for securing the remainder of the grain crops, and nearly the whole is now stacked—the oats generally sometime behind the wheat. On Sunday night a good deal of rain fell, and there were showers yesterday, when the glass dropped a little below the point of " change." At about one o clock, p.m., daring the rain, a bright flash of lightning was seen south of this town, and was followed by a loud peal of thunder. There is some slight disease amongst the pota toes in gardens, in some localities, but this is by no means general amongst the field crops, which will probably be more abundant than during the last four years. STEAM COMMUNICATION BETWEEN LIVERPOOL AND THE CONTlNENT.—Adverting to the notice given some time ago of the intention of Mr. M'lver and his friends to place steamers on the station between Liverpool and Havre, we are informed that the arrangements are now complete for commencing early in spring. The vessels on their outward passages will go to Rotterdam, and from thence to Havre, and back to Liverpool, bringing the goods for the Atlantic steamers. This arrangement (with the additional vessels the Cork Steam Company are to put on the Rotterdam line,) will afford a weekly communica tion from Liverpool to Rotterdam. The same parties purpose taking up early in the spring, the trade between Liverpool and Hamburg, which has hitherto been neg lected. ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.—This is the last week but one of the season, and Mr. Atkins has been so fortunate as to secure the services of Professor Kist, prior to his sailing to America. COMING IT RATHER STRONG.—Dost thee see them clouds ? Aye ! And that mill ? Aye ! And that pit shaft ? Aye ! Well I I wish them clouds, that mill, and that pit shaft may come down and smash me flat if I don't lovellee better thou onny lass i' Tyne side !—Shields Gazette. Sept. 11, Is 4: OPERATIC COMPANY.-THEATRE-ROY 0 LAST NIGHT. The treat so liberally announced a fortnight age, by the manager of the Theatre-Royal--the appearance in °P`'; of Alboni and the leading singers engaged at the ratio festival, attracted a most fashionable audience to" e e, Theatre-Royal last night. The boxes were well fi„, but not crowded. Probably the wet aspect of the e ve :, ing deterred many. The. pit was respectably fined, '„ o f were the other parts of the house, with the exceeto 9 ” , the undress tier. It ought to have been a most instruct. Live lesson to the management committee of the Phi 1 4 , 8 1 ,8 manic, to witness the character of the audience in ' the gallery stalls, the pit, and even the gallery itself. At t . et greatly advanced prices of these parts of the house , ti, were filled with well-dressed parties, even our respectr. mechanic class contributed their quota to the nerall e ,, r t Surely this proves that the lover of first-class music i 9 l i ju a t restricted to the wealthy of our community ; and t ri3 ' had an opportunity been afforded to the middle and ha, bier classes of attending the p e rfo rmance s at the late leh'e five!, at reasonable prices, a ccor di ng t o sits tilled,t hall, the gallery would have been most profitably bet without abstracting at all considerably from the num of the guinea-paying audiences. It ells f The opera chosen for last night, the " Cenerentola Rossini—an Italian version of our f a i r y t a le of Cinderetet, —was admirably cast. Mlle. Alhoni personated C 5 a rentola; Mademoiselles Corbari and L.Corbari, Tisk 55 0, Clottlde, (the sisters of Cinderella) : Polonini, 11144n i a, the father of the three sisters; Ramiro, the Prince,Golle tolini ; Dandini , (his friend.) Tagliafico ; and Signor a A lidore—a male substitute for the good fairy jo English version. M. Benedict led on the occasion. , for appearance of the great prima donne was the sie,Tia . ` u p hearty applause; and the strains of " U na voita, -,, e re t hl Re"—" once on a time, there was a ki n "—convinced audience that she was in excellent vo i c e. At the la te s ,, period at which we write we c a nnot p re t en d to give er tie thing like a critical notice of the pi e ce in detail. n u ,' t eg may mention that the whole of the artiste,' executeu gg music allotted to them e.ost perf ec tly ; and the B C% O throughout was beyond praise. The an d an te, "Un nom to cite," was delight fully sung by Alboni and Bat t ' lini. The quintette, " Una parole, was also a ge m The naive acting of Alboni i n thi s p ar t w as deliciau 9, e Her triumph, however, was in the " Strezzo quel d° _,T r o in which she was enthusiastically encored. Theßa" . ",, c ; of Bartolini was an excellently sustained character; 5 ", the scene in which, in the assumed character of the I%,i n „ c d ? be indulges in a little ridicule of the pretensions of 111 3. nifico and his two favourite daughters, was rich throne, out. Signor Polonini was fine in the magnific ° of His " Mili rampole femmenini'• was a superb piec e te he buffos nging and acting, and was heartily applauded. concluding tutti of the first act only e sca ped an Of ° , by the curtain being dropped bef ore th e au di e nce ha d 1. 0 covered from their silent admiratio n o f the wonu er precision and spirit with which it was given. .„ r „ e eei In the second act, the g em w as o f course the all" affanno." followed by the " N on pit meats, u "" e r of which Alboni sung in h e r m o s t mas t er ly s tyle. li t er splendid organ was as b r illi an t an d s t rong as i n the ear l i e part of the evening, and no trace of fatigue was t° found. The "Nacqui all' affanro" was rapturously en ar and the " Non pit mesta" would most assuredly ha obtained another encore, if it was not the finishing r of the opera, and the dropping of the curtain had nat_P; an end to the call. A g r ea t man y pi eces were , of cein't left out, which deducted somewhat from the ere ' ° f generally produces. Alboni w ill s i ng i n th e sec ond act,.. " Cenerentola" to-night, after the performance of Figlia dell Reegimento." CONCERT HALL.—The first of three grand EVer i _ fi r i 1 concerts was given last eveni ng , a t th e C oncer t-hall' ..4 4 Nelson-street. The performers were Herr Hischek• ; nora Giulietta, Borsie D e leuri e , M a d emo i se lle pale Signor Guidi, Signor Paltoni, an d Si gnor B or si Deleg the latter of whom presided at the piano. Of Herr Pischt e no critical remarks are necessary, still we may say th at •th sang the German air " Liebe i s t di e zan t e Bl us he," w]t all that strenuous effect for which he is so admired,al i f u lo the conclusion was rapturou s ly a ppl au d e d. His " Herzam Rhein," was also encored. Mademoiselle Pan is a young debutante of great promise; she sings ' vi e considerable taste, and th oug h an It a li an ar tiste• l' natural and graceful singing of " The Greek Girl," Wa . such as to excite the su r p r i se o f a ll w h o li s t ene d to 1, 7; t ; no doubt she has commenc e d a career w hi c h will 'g marked by popularity and su cce s s . Si gnora Deleurie an exquisite singer, and brought down thunders of af; pleuse in several pieces ; in " Q uan t o A more ," ade et which Signor Paltoni took pa r t, sh e gave un iversal ple a t sure,—her companion, too, produced a favourable ett ec by his comic impersonation of his part. The piece viai r encored. These concerts, which will e xt en d to two Pi °r evenings, afford a rich treat to all lovers of melody. r i g ATTEMPTED EXTORTION.—On Satu r d a y, an elo e ' person and his alleged (laughter, bath of highly respecta ble exterior, who refused to give either name or add res i,; were brought up at Marlborough -street Police-eourt,.th custody of the police, charged on the police-sheet w 1 6 , 5, Farquhar, having and attempted co. to b a n k extort ers, 015 ST. James'sfrom Messrs. Herries' street, tending that they could give them extraordinary inform e t tion of a catastrophe which was impendi n g overt he; through the machinations of a gang o f m i scre ants. ' 1 ,, 0 scheme would rob them of a bo ve £20,000, and st o p bank for a time. The most dreadful things were conteta" plated by the horrid gang. The intelligence was com m t li nicated in an anonymous letter, and the writer said 0' 1 .4 they deposited £5OO in a place w hi c h h e name d, be w°" coinmunicate fully the intention s o f th e gang . ge s _ A so. Herries gave information to the p o li ce , w h o recomtee" - „ gt , them to apparently fall in with th e v i ews o f the writ This was done, and a marked canvas bag was placetl• ct suggested, with a quantity of farthings, shillings, a n ,.. 0 marked halfcrown. On Saturday the prisoners observed walking about the place alluded to, and the a went to it, got the bag, a n d re t urne d t o the few...., The police, who were on the look out, arre sted The prisoners' solicitor contended that the bag was a l, dentally found by the priso ner , an d th e mag i s trate a journed the case. Porchester Castle, on the line of railway between Fay` ham and Portsea, H an t s , i s t o b e converted into anotP f Cremorne or Rosherville, and no doubt many makers will repair to the spot. ORIGIN OF THE GLASS SLIPPER.—T w o cen t ur ies ec t furs were so rare, and therefor e so hi g hl y va l ue d, the; g wearing of them was restricted, by s evera l sumptuary i a %; to kings and princes. Sable, in thos e l aws ca lled ra t ; was the subject of countless regulations • the e xact clo 3 "' tity permitted to be worn by persons of diff eren t grade g? and the articles of dress to which it m i g ht be ene, li ed r were defined most strictly. Perrault's tal e o f " Cilla e ”be la" originally marked the dignity conferred on her by to t eo fairy, by her wearing a slipper of vai r , a p r i v ilege t" o confined to the highest rank of princesses ; an error to the press, now become inveterate, changed vair ?to verre, and the slipper of sable was suddenly converted i° a glass slipper.—Dublin University Magazine. f vOll HOW TO MARE AN UNHEALTHY BED-RooM---.• % d o want to have a thorougly unhealthy b e d- room , these:, the precautions you should take:—Fasten a chio u t o it board against the fire-place, so as t o p reven t foe'. et from escaping in the night; and, o f course , i n the e l l' season never have a door or wind ow o p en . U s e n° Pail forated zinc in panelling ; especially avoid it in sin t bed-rooms. So you will get a room full of bad a ir. in the same room there is bad, worse, and worst ; object is to have the worst air possible. Suffoca li t o machines are made by every upholsterer; attach oa e .o. your bed; it is an apparatu s o f p o l es , r i ngs , an d curta i l' , By drawing your curtains aroun d you b e f ore y ou , sl e ' o r you ensure to Yourself a con d ense d b o d y o f foul air ° I to your person. This poison vapour bath you will fl ti r i A l. be most efficient whe n it i s ma d e o f any t hi ce tr an n ot There being transpiration through the skin, it woul d of be a bad idea to se e w h e th er thi s canno t b e i n so me hindered. The popula r me th o d w ill d o ve ry * I " smother the flesh as much as possible in feathers. gro wandering princess, in so me f a i r y t a l e , came t o a es! house. The king's wife, w ith th e cur i os it y and aee'",,oo proper to her sex, wished to a s cer t a i n w h e th er their g_r o at was truly born a princess, and at the same ti me foun d t ee how to solve the question. She put three peas ° gi be d( young lady's palliasse, and over them a large feather bet and then another, then another—in fact, fifteen tes t a ie beds. Next morning the princess look e d p a le, Bii • g ht , answer to inquiries how she h a d p asse d the r' , o 6 said that she had been unable to sleep at all, beca.bot the bed had lumps in it. The king's wife knew then their guest showed her good breeding. Take this lot born lady for a model. The feathers retain all belt': yO ll your body, and stifle the skin so f ar e ff ec t ua lly, te s ', o off , awake in the morning pervaded by a sense of la n 'i t is which must be very agreea bl e t o a person who hag - , 0 0 0 his mind to be unhealthy. I n or to keep a checiq l 'os exhalation about you head (which otherwise 'nigh! : e ll' too much the way of nature), put on a stout, woven nightcap. People wh o are in the height of cl e be d; ness in this respect sleep with their heads under the an d clothes. Take no rest on a hai r ma tt ress; it is elasii-oncl' pleasant, certainly, but it does not e ncase th e body ;l e ver therefore, you run a risk of not awaking languid. or wash when you go to bed ; you are not going to se e „ th e body, and therefore there is no use i n was hing. l morning wet no more skin than you a b so lutely el it .ea that is to say, no more than your neighbours during the day—the face and h an ds. S o much Ye e ; t do with a tolerably good will, sinc e it i s th e o ther P s ,nea the surface of the body more covered and more Del i the in the full discharge of its functions which has rea l f oo, more need of ablution. It is theref ore f or t u nate th a '; can leave that other part unwashed. Five min ute o il 4 sponging and rubbing over the whole b o dy in the mo d iO l would tend to invigorate the system, and would o%o' with a cheerful glow to th e d a y' s b us i nes s or ple a Avoid it by all means, if you desire to be unhealt__ LIVERPOOL: TUESDAY, SEPT. 11, 1849- PRINTED AND PUBLISHED PI 6 ' EVERY TUESDAY MORN- of By JOSHUA FLETCHER LACE, of 53, Grove street, LEONARD ADDISON, of 14, Great Orford-stree t : At No. 4. ST. GROROR'S CRESCENT. LITERPO_.'";O 0 4 , Orders for Advertisements received by Messrs. Ne";:streV Co., Warwick-square; Barker and White, Flee`parl , Deacon, Walbrook ; Reynell, Chancery-lane ; )1 . 01 1 : Birchin-lane; Joseph Thomas, 1, Finch-lane, Col.:11011i 1,1• P, den Hammond, 27, Lombard-street; Mitchell, S. ge"Cor S, court, Fleet-street; Lewis and Lowe, 3, Castle-cOur t .4lo lle ' hill; at the London Commercial Coffee-house, Minctoroicr,_ at the Jerusalem Coffee-house,_ Chapter_ con house, Paternoster-row; North and South Americs.4,l9Zr, house, Threadneedle-street ; Parsons, 9, Ave- 31 V,pee e r London; Johnston and Co., Eden Quay, Dublin; ~cp Exchange-street, and C. H. Lewir, Market-street, 117,0% ter; Haddock, and J. and W. Booth, Booksellers , 71201, ton; Clarke, Pilot-office, Preston; and Wright Herald-office, Birmingham; Harthill and Salmo n Prince's-square, Buchanan-street, Glasgow. L og ' i d BIRKENHEAD: TODHUNTER, Chester-street; f v PINKNEY, Argyle-street; OSBORNE, Chester-strm GRIFFITH, Hamilton -street. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION. or" It( W 2. ow cum :..• se- / RO' LEssR G knz A , ' EE -- 6Pln e NB itiv ei n t of My fo re a t Fi sl . h e.a na at this ‘ ‘i' ll PST" al Pa , riive,,wltli I 'less, a: 11HIS Present FL Chea s ***** wh ich Job tr" , P arket i ' l • r • 1 (itte tt succ i es a s rc tot, T . AN icket . 4,411 Seeti;Pi ,li 1.),110 th er G i the Jo RS iI 4Tu RbAy Bht "' t Luck s nga Zc.! ri t to s o Den at 1 1.. 1)) itsi o eV11 Pre ;147.; Qailt:;bre ; Ri34 is,p.t,rinnee wi 111(Irer11.eats n rms IR S 4 and Or A L, A tA ND O h if 0 RUB I n I I, I.tt e j i ajo A . ) bp, r MATH 4\ h LtyLL.,.. ; Eg g 'sq., AS Bllt l '.4l'rn e SON Si Rno ti o ; C ALZO B ELLE 6; l le ry Con cer 1 141 q. 38 . ; 800 l It'lesidence "ite ad Arinci sq'th r titre, whe P -11,T.11 WITf i SA. Tu n LIT ERA SATURt ks tt 14 LANEI tt, )l i t i r s ANT kk,i 4 :r o • tied ' l 'Pfl l;t l tris ,11rt for co - n Stl, 4 orlour p 5 ,4 th e of B( 1 5 1 4 e 4 ence o4i oilcan C1, P4, 1 "a • 4Y' roust 'Snte' a nd L k t/ (ill as , c) n'nosit i v ( ~.4 1. he of To ;q 4 4l °T )3 eoens kkqtijd tette. t c o wh ,• or wh e tell tl 11t 4 q:,, Athol o , 4l t4 L ztzloi O t ,t(p; 4 l . lc h e ttea Otl t ' e cert . ..b a 't4)l).e--twAelers zo A A Ni AND r j At() 11g der the du ty 3 IAYO t kind I ai~ . e t Y of 4cillt Will c( ° tie At 141 , te , C L A.: l'it)i.' •ouyli y,, .. P.1 1 , 1 4kk 004 1' t „vm, k ,4 ~h,pt,t, AN , ' s3 ak AY! LE%• • 4(1 • • 11‘41 .r ( A NIr 1 4 1 1v 1 , • • 11) : ItY, A ( , I' l k t}lt Atl N AN .f, t ll, - ea/ t l9 1 t I,lA•p ov ?Tr o ., A N B t4 E S A. r( ti t' cht 4,441 ' tN y 0) of kao, ti:„ to ;Ikei4h Ric• o ". to te ,eam,p n ,P4ty. 4 111 1, 1 0!A ~g col ' bth . o of tiitt t lho FOR llllf,pth,, 't26 Itkeetatlg4. Ze t'y °t A, Dr 'lt t tic - Mat e 14th ' l lo t 4% . DE 6, IN. ith A , 18 Cl o g t "N - i l q ttk• eY- ti "14,01