The Sun. — London, England, 1847-01-20 00:00:00

in th e suPP II • ) o eon! et of )3 qu t ir e b sor ) 176 , 1 p , ntb. ‘ee i to ' f tit ° te nai 9 Mo n • • with 1'; to a dog g the f en % a s did, nega tife' Gove rn ' iinated to t 0 r y.ecisev. tb e ~(IYo e s 6e' d ;erveeP firi r. e Pr, wr a 'was W s eated 111 „ DeP u i r of th e ot° — het bea r - at 5° °lloi t , sod the • lace , th der the lea ition f the ber 31e0 0 f rs l ° , :' r l as a b" b e fed ett' R for 0 rt., . Ste 0 a Oat" 4 fr 1 Of i s scat ter. e by , , e part °f ton Tit:; Hou r the g t , O r 0 Ao re' l A ws• r , 0 . lEct 'J u l • • of sett . ' r e, g uld f on V I d' r the bt° - Fr iend 1 1 . 1 , 0 5 ' 3On 51 .he il °Ll earl} a nd loLoe , jo be g )us e Vi a be v l r e' , (3 •SV 4 or) t he , e e tc , ir e ,occe° it that ty 5 , to o f c ore the Il l y ry A t P. O , tasty Os' t aq epor e 3 o 0 I s o ol so .01 re 10 3 r°' jog )Eg s ' 110 Id 0 o ple ,he -s re , 011 f es' [ to i" v o rl t ent; ti cs Ton s e re tsch to b ri es ive n ot y l e id /or A' °el he 0 ° , f Ito riob Wl° 4ti cel o re , tet s l o pori loa th ti •t a ci he, - e d t 001) , ; ot tb° bee or r as iv THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANTJARY _2o, 1847 prise,—when they cons;.dered all these things, and wineral and cith-r• t 10:d. %%lien tong 4 7 P r iace at that w or kh ouse , a: d w ithin the last we. k been shinlii as k, any ore!. .1* rea l .s"•" Fantailthe by the 1?-ay C •- aenf • • ' r us e or ihat er th- n •:i 11,1 Str 1 .. !/11(ta tx (.11i EY said, thet with ant eoree iPeade„ fa. te that had taketep'nee 011 stiff-ject,that as Has It wou ld throw any light upon the subject, he euld b e h appy to lay it before the House. Eit M ESII7'S SPEECII.—TiIE ADDRESS. The SPEAKER stated that the House, in the early Part of the day, had been auneitisd to the presance of t h e m Queen in the House of Peers, and thet her M: jesty had delivered a most gracious Speech from the Throae. Ile teen read the Speeeli. Mr. C. HOWARD rose to trove thet h Ail a -r eas be p resented to her lalajesty, in r , • urn for h,r gracious Speech. But be fore he worrier eroce. • 31 , he besought the Hou s e to accord fiat '5l indulgence ehieh it usually granted upon such t ' c ' e asions, and which he would assure the house he et 4l very gr ea tly i n nee d o f. H e h ole d s i ne rely that ob servation, of his would disturb the unammit) "vith which the Speech of her M 'jest). would be f eeeiv ed, and h a t they would imitate 'lie example l set them in Iridenrl„ arid fir a time fortiaar from d—a Para disputes—(hear. hear)—in sire's r the he-ter to e t hemselves to the eonsidet atrial a Irish measures, 'll tit • devi-e means for the pet mar ent iln pro ve• fire- et - of the country. (Hear, hear.) Tee -- Para graph of her .s l a j esty ' s Speech erased the de- - paragraph anxi e t y an d concern f or t h e d eart h w h ic h at pro lent exited in seiitlantl and Irel end. He telt stir. that the House would join in that t•xpres-i oof keeling. He tOrlreSSC(l that the circumstances of the Utter e , ur,tr. aPPeareti to him to he of Si) are ailing a character, f d so beset with d &alines, that he almost I t .e ' ir ed to addle ss himself to the sehject. -- at he felt confident that the mere allusion to them would be sufficient to excite symp th), ass Would call fo r th th e was west effort. to red ve them.— a l.,. 'ltr, hear.) Unfortunately the calamoy of •%'er , and famine was no tikes currenee 411 Ireland. Last year it prevailed to a consider-aide ex tent, but it did not take place at such an curly pe r iod o f the season, nor Witi att., tided with such fatal effects. This year disease had set in early in August, and so e k a rnplete h a d be e n th e d e -tr uc tio n o f th e p otato crop, e t ", at, with the, xcepti o n of a f ew s e t i n t h e ear ly part o f the year, they had been almost all destroyed. He felt bow unable he was adequately to express in figures the tht the h pa ;State of things v a e •; t regard t e t st that oth failure,toarable part o a but l he believed the country, or about 1,200,000 acres, were Occupied with potato cultivation. This immense crop lead entirely failed ; and when it, was taken into consi deration how many were dep.-orient on it a s th e i r on l y aillasi ae i s, me idea might be formed of the distre ss tyhich was the consequence of that tailure. There were s o m a ny dependentupon it that it was neatly i mpossibl e to fill its place. Ile would not attempt to d escribe the measure which the Government intended to brin g forward to meet this emergency. It would be for them to state the extent of the employment they 11 " given, the facilities they had held out for the em t)l°.Vnto f the poor, and the contributions they had gai n to resist local contributions. But, notwith sta n di ng all they had done, he was afraid t hat their efforts had not been sufficient to prevent disease, or save the country from being reduced to a moat desperate state. He was glad to understand that Gove rnment intended to do all they could; that they W ere_ abo ut to take off all duties which restricted the im tortatien of foreign gr a in, and that they insudee Ilsealletv molass es an d s ugar to be used in dietilleries to the grain hitherto used for that purpese.—(Hear.) alwas quite a ware o f th e b e n e fit whi c h this mea su re r , o uld pro duce to the country, but yet he could not is g c aise fro m hi mse lf t h e f act t h at a f ter a ll i t would only eh,' temporary utility, and that it would in no way affect P er ntanent condition of the people of Ireland. Ile we old , 11 ,e the whole conditien of t hat country inte,censideration, 1 , 4 ' would hope that the Government would devise suet - ) t ut itst troe as would not only relieve the present distress, teil: v°lll d also prevent it prom becomin2 a permanent thou g having noticed the distress of that country, he l i e ,, he should be doing en injustice—a great injus- Th e ' s . to the people, if he did not at the same time notice etd..eular patience with which the people of Irelind had a ut) .` l red the extreme suffering to which they had been li e i t ,!tell durin g the existence of this terrible calamity. tl es i r "J'ught it but right to make this remark because he I Yrne a d t l, as he trusted it would be shown, that the the of that House went entirely with pe r e nPiti of Ireland, and that it would be 1-14 thp - "llendation to the Irish people still th at i r ri te bear up their fortitude against the distress 1311 whirl upon them. There was another subject Ole .c wished to say a few words. He alluded to ,503eustruction of the independence of Cracow, and ha it vi o l °,. h elp expressing his extreme surprise that such tak en ‘,lun of the sanctity 43 a Pla ce and he could net help looking upon it of treaties should have i leateT at.'l,fesi violatitin of the treaty of Vienna.—cliear, Which, he lhere was one topic in her Majesty's Speech . t• h at thought of peculiar importance to this country I1 1()t , ) " wa s , the notice of the Health of Towns JeatYl a —' which had been made by her Ma -,7Forts (flutnissioners, and he trusted that those ael th„ . would awaken the eople of this c o untry -tlinisPortance of that subj p ect, and that they would to( ni t n eh Measures as would mainly contribute to eep r ', u !tant object. In saying thus much, he ought 13 nuta w ."s his gratitude to Mr. Chadwick and Dr. tafth is ° `al Smith for their exertions and conaideraii , m 84b .l'"et and fo r the valuable reports they had made. the ie aid lint " th. r rem trouble th e 'liaise with any fur • ied ui ka ; but a t once t h an k • t h em f or 'itereb°,, Rance he had r ece i ve d. Th e Ilonoura.- Adar"s conclud e d b y moving " that an humbli• ' h pr er esented to her Majesty in return for her the `a gracious Speech trim th e thr on e. tea () octh cl re 3 s was then read, which was, as usual, an Itr, he 1 -j SPeech, itie cptF A RDO rose t o secon d the Address H e *o_ offered hith t 'u Lot anticipate that any opposition wiiti!tibe ° the Address, for the purpose of sec.-fading bet' he n 0c loved a a Ow bad the honour to rise. He eom m l i n , si t o., even if' there were anything eith r ~,t r▪ Y Party , it ':nr omission in the o tee "' 411 3' obstru .t . its case they would be sloe , to jet:rteat ,i0 “-tion to her Majesty'. Government at a pinion of vi r ."luire the adoption a portion of her Majesty's sub- Lacer ina.optie.ne of measures which would lead le on. F riend Ittliriout;,.. relief. lie should not fidlow his c onsider e d, aft ",, i _ t the details of Irish distress, because to _at . all, h e sh u o w i hat he had said, it he alluded sentiments sncerity. Ile u a d PaY but a poor compliment of ev e ' as s ure that he expresses! the !stated his firm every iqember in the House when he i r_opo se d by her 'Nntv.i.ction that -- whe n the measures to ttfiethe existina distress ca Government for the alleviation em o Y d ' s w ti ou L ld b ai4 o r a e c B ll B Ca.L.M.e tinder consideration, that Eici erat . t iwaSse c i b y . the discassion of them with party hostility or by party con deliattl"s' and that vi e Moti ves, in they would be actuated by the a ad sin g a r eined „ i 2 r der to obtain the same inea ': u ., r ,t . cr the present national calamity, those. Measures thing to prevent the recurrence of a at ' state of gs in future.—(Cheers.) What eia tt o t l emg ; ght be, he had no means ce fo l ltir e toindeed, it he did, it would be pre discusstahnS."p e . Speech toenl Which lhil- he NBVllt hea t h t e ( r i e ttl.k 7 e l,. he' . le s for itstssion of foreign corn, and for giving ilfaaCTlPietia•Yrit t'onfe , keyed adm ission.—(Flear hear,) This he ut tt i e was understood to b done the 11 4,* 3 11 P° 11 foreign e. by removing h• ig ‘ ti °h corn, and by the relaxation et the s a Usi far as r egar d e d that importation. "ear(' but natlreceived universal discusaion. Ile hd ara, two objections raised against it, one of whic a h Onr inc), t , extr • or 'nary reason, that no l arger quan th corn could be • • und admitted under a tree importation t!ot „' e r the present duty. Certainly,if th h e they eon . "L' any in, they could not let any out. ente._ext reason was, th a t t h e compact which was ttit r d into between Parliament and the agricultural tee e ., res ts would b e mater i ally interfered with. Now, ~1-;°nfessed h e th oug h t there was no p a rty i n t h at H ous• - te7 would deem it wise to take upon itself the oclonsibility o f a ddi ng one farthing to the price l uod at the present moment, in order to sustain snob et Punctilio as this. H e did not apprehend that the agri t heir o f 1847 would thi n k l ess di s i nters-telly 0! 1- rieir country than the agriculturists and Parliament of 4 00, when it would be borne in mind, not " 3 'a l Y was corn admitt e d f or t h e re li e f of the suffer people, but a b oun ty p a id on i ts i alaroduction. . 1) w, he did not con s id e r th a t t h e state of the country whUld b e Si) b ai l as i t was in 1800, for the measures ,vlch would be taken by her Maj es t• ' s G overnment 13° I n t hl prevent their arriving atsuch a point of cketitution. l itr t here was one p o i n t t o w hi c h h e would call partic. Ti,_ lll trn i' tition—they were not alone in their misfortune. to s eareity e x t en d e d t h rough the greater part (if the l io t teent of Europe. France, H o ll an d, an d B e l g i um e?opened their ports and remitt e d t h e i r corn &kite.. 'inn, were, therefore, put u p on t h e i r defence, and it 4 be utter ina d eess i n them if they should impose 11 1 , 14 th emselves any restrictions which should prevent te ees _ from obtaining a fair share of the pr , due , asD,„__'aerny_to their support.—(Hear, hear.) Let them, for a o 7 l "`a tits sake, take the average price of corn to b. , eu, %q u arter. Up on t h at they hail at p resent to pay a they' s 'Mug duty, whil e , un d er t h e o ld corn.l.lw, w "uld have but o n e s hilli ng. I t was us bi co to every one that the seller would sooner talt,, Sher rn to a free and unrestricted market than to one top !' e would have to pay a t o il o f f our s hilli ngs, even T h r osin a a ,that the t o ll were repa id b y t h e pr i ce o f corn. gr ew . 'oral their more intimate rela•ioes with corn. e o un t ries, and fr om t h e i r me a ns trtffi tug t ar Ltt eM, from their insular position and sune•- er, meanadv 3 of i nterna l trans i t, h a d ec Nand) than a ntage i n k eeping the price of corn lower tede other countries. But, in order effectually 1 whit.ll° two things were necessary, the first was to remit their corn duties, lk„ kat , second was to relax their navigation laws. been in the habit of re,•eiving two millions if at), this of whett from Ireland ; they w-uld not re c•ive h Ye't , c ak e to r, but the probability , -.vac, that they woul Vdce e xport the same querrity, which would vheri deficit of four millins.—(Hear, hear.) they considered the success t d d the s which had lt had atttn e. ben rr rte been made to carry out 51 liberal system they had the strong, st presumption fur tt b r h u, "?at the best effects would follow from .atied hitherto °f of the navigation laws, which 15tere,,:tatrto operated so injurious] •• to the ic)ilit of not only the mother coant - r ) -, but their t teet i oc ` t ePenden e es When they considered ) the the British When it extend , d 'Aet e gent;very quarter of the globe , that - ' their an , . ed sailors were toiling ever where in I'.ashe-C'' of humanity that their empire ' was A ire t C e Y bee Very s e ta—that th e i r commercial traders 444flicturerse: cuatom ers of the country, and their gurpassed by none in energy and enter- ,- -,,, .er-ation the greitt the remission of that 1)a( the old ;f 4W, kd in its operation in ibis country, ate:: had lost thear North Am ricun co!onies, besides creating irritation in the present de• pendeucies of the country, they had every encouragement to come forward in the direction they had recently taktn.—(Cheers.) There was one other matter in the Sperreh to w hieti he would refer. It was that r•.•g••.,!dtrig trio adu:i sit,n of sui t or tOr the use of brewers and distillers. Ile did not intend to ccupy she • , ttens too ot ti•e llousr at any let.gm on su; , j at l.rt nt, as many opp , ;rtuniti‘es Air; be aff.irded for it • ful! diseussion in future. hut hri pertnhted ,ay that the proposttnut w. did have the h..• etr.ets in siberaiini4 u. amonet oC ;Jai: t r tee ...,intertanee the pesipse—( boor )—µh tie at the same tone ho believed a considerable reduction could be made in the cost of souse articles of luxury to the pople.— ( Hear, hear ) He consid: red that the measure would be but an act of tiAre justice to the sgi.ieu!i.nrid interest, which complained of the ssibrot!' - alort of t. - :e pis rection that it hAI hitherto es , j.) rd. the sneers, that had at tenited the new e4itir,e, t policy pqrsited—the exrrie-ee inc ease in tie Ctn•t , ma • 1 1.1'10-., a: iht .rile time t' at it ii,r ; e coo:rump ;lon 4.f nec,sary and us. to articles, suco e. timber. sno bra' rly lied taken place—rneouraged the:» to go ste, tidy in the same traek.—(Cheers). I h•• w s riny, ced that. • ther w-nid nisi be slow iu fi.howAig our examl•l . but the.. they would prefer, rl, it wits so ,Vitit Ilt!)' to C:eir t•Tests, tit buy . ecor:oinnaills astir (tutu manufacture t x pensively ; tle.l wiueld qui , kly flow into he cow:try, and th.o. sh-ul , hate sium a return in areswer to our prr rs, that the world -.eriuld speedily feel the benefit of those measures, and that thtir result would b•• an in crease of plenty, prosperity, and peace. With those ob servattons it only remained for him to second the Address whiet, the Speaker had in big hands. Tl:e Ad: res• havi g tars 1.• ad from the Chair, Air S. O'BRIEN said that, however disinclined he was to disturb the unanimity of the House on the pre:cut occasion, or in an ) respect to inter f re with that unanimity with which addresses in reply to the speech of her Majesty should have, he felt that he should be wanting in duty to his countrymen if he remit:met; silent, and refrain( d from an appeal to the House, in behalf of those whose suffer-. figs could neither be exaggerated nor described. It was surely not necessary for him to remind the House of the circumstances that had taken place during tie last three months in Ireland. If Hon. Gentlemen would only look at the reports which were daily circu lated thr••ugh th e newspapers of that country for the last three mont h s, they would know that those suffer ings were extreme, and that there was reason to appre hend that, unless immediate measures be taken trey wiil not only continue, but be very large:) . increased. The latest newspaper which he l•ad received from that country contained an account of no less than eight in quests in the county of Mayo, in which verdicts had been returned of death from absolute starvation ; and also an account of a family who ,ere found living upon horse-flesh and carrion, ttie refuse of wild ducks and other birds. He was not :prepared to say that her Majesty's Goverrment were to be held en tirely guiltless cf having produced such a fearful state of things. He believed that it was in their power to have prevented a single death taking place through starvation. He did not, accuse them of a wilful inten- teen of doing so, but he tie -ugh t that by the measures they had introduced, or rather the neglect of those measures, they had tended considerably to bring about that state of things. He would recal to the recollection of the House the pledge given by the Noble Lerd at the heed of the Government, at the close of the last session, that no inter Terence on the part of the Government with food should be allowed. To that fatal pledge he attributed many of the disasters which had bet ellen that unhappy country. The present Government should have iollowed the example of their predecessors, and made a pledge that, so far as the exertions of the Government were concerned, they would do the utmost to present any human being dying of starvation, The iced. , Lord had, no doubt, by this time discovered that floe capital of this country was not of such a nature as Lentil be irnmedistely employed in obtaining resources ter a populatien of five millions of persons, the greater portion of which were to be felled in places where no trade or commerce had as yet any existence. The Government ought, therefore, to have been prepared to augment the supply of corn, by ransacking every port in the civilized world, and also to have in tr eleced every description of produce, and by the ap plication of that produce to the most remote parts of the couetry, have mitigated the evils and prevented those fearful disasters with which the public were unhappily too well aequeinted —(llear, hear.) Then he wished to ask why should not the duty upon the impartation of corn have been abrogated months ago, w hen the horrible state of the It ish people became knot , n ? The Noble Lord had be eft bald enough in dealing with other dud. a, or rather the chief Secretary for Ireland had 1(.11 , 41 no difficulty in legislet• ing without Parliament. But why should not Parlia ment have been called together months age, for the pule pose of carrying out the plan only now suggested, viz., of removing the corn duties, and:suspending the navigation laws, in order t;1 alleviate the existing distress, and conse quently of permitting such an importation of grain, snd preventine the use of sucar in breweries and distilleries, nil of employing the navy, as they had oely recently been employed in carrying supplies of food to the esereme portiens of the country, access to which was difficult ? Then, with respect to the ere ployment of tin- people—and he regretted that he was a ldr seiner y,,itudienc five-sixths of whom knew no thing about the subject the resident gentry and the farmers, who had receiek d diminished rents and profits. from the Torture of the potato crops, unit who were cons, quently unable to give ail the emplo3 went that was required, stepped nobly forward and did their best to alleviate the distress, yet the Government refused to tax the absentee latidlords.—(llear, hear.) 1,, such a state of things it was the duty of the Government to provide a temporary remedy. They passed at the end of last session a Bid which was culls the Labour-Base Act. under which power was given to the Executiv to uneertelte %Yorke recommended tty the quarter sessions, in order to give employment to the w • ph- anti ureter thts Act they were emp l oy ed in de ° s troying the roads, and in consigning the land to perm,- tual barrenness—nothing was done for its proper culti vation. He did no:. blame the Government for passim; his Act, because they, no doubt, did so precipitately, and without knowing the full extent of the sufferings of the people ; but he could find no apology or the neglect of the Government. in not calling Parliament together for the purposes to which he had - referred, and of whose couduct he could not sp..ak in terms of praise. General remonstrance reaent d the Government against the expenditure of such large sums of money on (injects injurious or wort :lee', which they were for the most cart. The Hon. Gentleman inste ad of doing that, which was his duty, took upon himself the functions of the Legislature, arid that without consulting the Irish representatives, who were the proper organ for iegislative enactments. But the Hon. Gentleman had taken the sole responsibility of establishing regulations affecting the property of the country and its taxi Lion in a most material manner, and that through a letter couched in language very obscure and excuedlngly difficult to understand. It appeared to him thst the Minister who set such a precedent—tor, let them remember, it was a precedent—was deserving of ina veachnient. lle might stand alone in that opinion, but he telt himself hound, noter.th.siantling, to express it. He was bound to state, in addition, that the instru ment had remained a dead letter, end hart thrown the country into confusion; for, up to that moment, it was his belief that a very small portion of the works had been undertaken in accordance with that letter. What they demanded was, that the employment of the people should no longer be directed to works ot:t:oeetannte employed r ee e Td !y t in u m n t ;: d rr r i e , u i se destroyingi d character trn)ntissa s. h .)anet mentthh ee le , n j iia quo w n e ce re of le w ft hich un w tr i f i l i e , ; ( l l — be ( li t e ha ar t„ hear —the s• the f2mine i e next year w ,, u 1,1 d ou bl e that of thprey,-nt.. Ile complain e d th a t the p.tcvisions ot the At e :t h not been carried Into , tfi c i en t effect, and th a t the 13:: d ar Works tt nor carry out the p owers w hi c h had b'eei ni n repo-ed in them for the employment of the petip i .e. In the county of Mayo, he knew that, the proprietors of land had taxed themselves to a great extent for the employment of the people, that due effect to the funds so raised had not been given. through the inefficiency of t: e Board of Trade arrange. ments, while the ve,ple were dying by thousands. There was another consideration why Ireland should know the measures to be proposed at the earliest moment. Was the measure to be local or na tional ? 0.1 that question would depend the reception which it would meet with in Ireland. If it were to be a national measure, then should all be called on to con tribute to it equitably, without rt gard to class or party, landowner, netrtgagee, fundholder, and annuitant. Whatever he, as a humble Member of the House, in ght think of the measure or the character given to it, upon that would depend its efficacy as a means ut relief fur the sufferings of the Irish people. It would show to the millions of than country whether the union was to be productive of benefit to Ireland. or throw all the advantages in favour of Eitglatel—(Leugh ter) —by the encouragement of absentees to spe between nd t d tt rnw):o.e t r h e e c tTit r nu e li n i)i t t,e s es e l : , levied land se ient d and felr l de r a ela ilci,ot ; nrs l til)einud of Ire t of the and he trusted the measures of the Groernment would be acre air t.al m e theinrte Ireland I n ( t. ut h hl a (ei t nit ia lt d i r , r if, e oh c i — d ht ( te t I , w e t a, theirt.l, l hieatr)lt athiants manu facturers, and d of ease to their imagination in which the pr s inciple that t h i z l i e d b case een n advocated inv,si 0 ( 4 7 , r rn l ;i that should deprive the tr op e of food would be as scarce as etneleytnent. ' e ould tesy dare filch to adopt such ineasures as those eommendest, and which would be equivtilen e"- " s u at, s‘ 3, ' n r ip '- n i n o w t t ‘ h v i sh whole to of ) „r th o e p l p a , n s d i ri l t ‘ r t e h s: - o t Government,lreittit: He nisi " h " e j 11; h Na vtatcii : looked upon their attainment of dile,- with the greatest satis , action,andhadeertainl iic yg h re tih a oey tes,. Butrshya-ldevised,l tSt m i than nowithfaith t a h n other i y nth e s plans r, i v,e. i i ti,, iu:at pre salt he thought that they would not by any means, be likely to satisfy his countrymen. There hart been a committee sitting in Dublin, whose business it was to investigate the stste of the country. Ile would not that night enter into the details of that committee, but lie del not, hesitate to say, that, for himself, if their recommendation were adopted, he would hesitate to give in his adhesion to the extension of the poor law to Ireland. But if the cry for help that was now =skint , not by relief, but by such from Ireland Pad to be met, pamphlets as that which he held in his hand (An i when his Noble Friend assumed office he found that Extract them Aden:, Smith's " Wealth of Nations"), ! a course had been adopted, which had received the sanction of 110th ii: ,, Contil itieie the exasperatien of the people, that Heime, and almost the adorition of the Irish landed or evisid the &melted calamity of irnpendieg taionie. proprietors. He of He alluded to the plan of affording relief to , pnebliTawsorks. uh r e h m a p t io , yed Labourers through the . me d diu t m ,it o h f t t e h m e w ha h t. le no an u d ub a t g , a b The opinions which he entertained upon the seisjems of ' ' n „ ! some abuse ; but, up,i ' t: petit ism.l economy, the duty of the Goyernmeet, and the r of ' e c ' hoiee, duty of the L eg islature, mere net at all accept atm, ; ' they thought it least objectionable, but they never recommended to that house; he felt it his duty, however, to this measure as one intended 'to provide for the whole state then, and so long as the Government of this labouring population of Ireland. They were in hopes that ' m en at a te t'' country administered the resources of Ireland and works of that description would have the effect of stimulating her revenues, so long would he continue to hold landed proprietors to the undertaking of useful produce the Government responsible for every death which tive works, rather than be thrown away on the roads. might occur through starvation— (Cries of "Oh, oh") In these hopes, however, they had been disappointed. —if they del not adopt every tnelieure which might to The Honourable Member for Limerick went on to corn eae ;bate y and fatrly expected of teem. plain that the sy s t em o f pu bli c wor k s was deficient, and Mr. 1' SCROPE m I mod that the Hon. Member who that • the parties employed to carry it out were inefficient. Hear hear.) To that heti just sat down had alluded to the employment of the — ei t . . the extensive operations of the Board there might be some Mil— boiled of the. imolle of Ireland oit public oorks in inefficient servants, but with that eelintry. but hat; said nort,ing ~ t the relief of that he believed that no reasonable regard to i th . e I t could he r large cla-s of the populatien of that cowitry, He believed that it would e b e e m-' f a o l u n nd that it n e r t g ou e ld the deetitute, who eet e unable to work upon public have been impossible for public servants to have works. The wages which were given to those persons shown greater ability, greater zeal, or greater success employed on public world might have beers sufficient in the discharge of their arduous duties.—( Hear.) Did they for their support when they bud potatoes us a means of consider the peculiar task imposed on them, and the extent of sustenance; but now that the crop of that article wa s machinery that had to be directed? Why, at the present mo dest royed it was not set - Belem. seeing they had es put chasm ment there were 4.59,000 persons employed on the public works corn and greets at high prices. If then the families of 'he in Ireland—( Hear)—under the superintendence of the Board emplee ed could net subsist en their prin• lit e ages, what complained of. In September last 30 000 were employed ; in was to become of those destitu'e permem who were tin- (oHoeoaor, hear.);in November, 285,000 ; and in December, 440,0( e m ' ;dee to set trk ? He supposi d i het tee moven - ahem coo- under the Board, to To expect that all officers employed eideted that the various relict' conirnitt• es seems' afford be efficient servantgstrewa'' s ffe s c u t to l such hope f m or acl t si o n o er n y : ueh.— should t e proper relief ; they vs ere, however, iiiterdicted ti ons ( Hear.) He would state the re y nu t tn o ber oi o w f officers necessary : giving rel.% f in money, and were 0,, ly allots cd to tie 1 inspectors, 74 ; engineers, 36 ; assistant-engineers, 355 ; erevisions at cost price to such perm ins as clerks, 2,8 5) ; and overseers, 6,846 —(Hear, hear.) might be eonsicered proper objects of their attention. This was t he effort which had b een ma d e by the Government to Ihe o.llllitiitot should have done mere than sole meet the calamity. He cote., understand any man who blamed f eel at the prime cost, because he believed they the Government for the course which they had adopted ; he were tot pr, vented frern assisting them by grants caule understand any man Vfho should blame the Government of food and money. Thin, with respect to for a deficiency of energy, and for not exerting ail the power for mitigating the cal am it y , b ut h e cou ld no t understand how the workhouse se stem, experience during the r past ought to have taught them teat they could not rely any man, seen the gigantic efforts the of factte with any certainty, nor upon the voluntary i eliel of the I that disease and famine atill bisatTll3 them prevailed in tnre Ire gentry. When their attention was called to the land. There was no doubt but that disease and famine nature of the emergency last August, which did prevail to a most lamentable extent, but t h ere was as little they ought have aeticipated, they might have doubt that this exertion had been greatly instrumental well known that they could not - calculate in reducing the evil and relieving Ireland from the with any certainty upon receiving the ample means pressure of this calamity. But they were to consider which were necessery from the resident gentry of whether this was a question which only affected Ireland, or Ireltind. 130 workhouses had been established whether it applied to the whole of the British empire, and he in Ireland under the law had c. h recently passed. should have no fallen difficulty in answer i ng that question. The hut they' were not calculated to contain one hundruth Scocalamity ti l which spread r e s so d outfearfully of all proportion through sa he England and r mt. p of the indigent part of the popula ion. The work- resources , a nd he did not hesit a t e t o say that th eHouse would houses in England were not calculated to maintain concur with him in the assertionthat Ireland had a right to look more than ten per cent. of the population during the to England and Scotland for the help which she needed. But he worst seasons; but what was to become of the poor of trusted that the landlords of Ireland would do their duty, and Ireland daring similar seasons with such crippled work.. he believed that the exertions of the people of England would house accommodation ? Its massy instances the work he somewhat in proportion to the willingness of the landlords of houses had become so crowded that their doors had to Ireland to assist their fellow-countrymen.—(Lead cheers. ) be shut to all new comers; aid, so crowded were they, He thought that there was in Ireland an improved spirit that fever hs d broken out, and instead springing up. In many instances a sense of discouragement therefore, of affereing relief to the poor, they had come over the feelings of the landlords. They were had been the means of iiim cling them with now, however, beginning to awake from their dream, and e to consider that Ireland was only to be saved from fevers, which too often carried them. off. He ,eked them why they had re st interfered be- children.rpresent Th d e isasters he the instrumentality of her own most cordial feelings were exulted in this tore now, and dispensed more liberal relief. ci untr behalf This might have ben done by making the local were ' v tvi o l n lin to o r f en t d h t e r suff h ering people of Ireland, and they authorities responsible for the rnainteirance of te power, but g that assistance 'em could d ry n a o s t sist h a e nce h ct in n their h poor, more especially the infirm and deetitute. and safely given without the co-operation of the nobility enralY The local authorities would then have been able, through and gentry of Ireland. The Honourable Member their own means, to have provided ample supplies of for Stroui had put a question with reference to tho le p f cud, and they would not then have heard of the dread- afforded to the destitute and infirm of the population of Ireland. ful occurrences in Skibbereen, in which, as it ap. adopt best course which the Government thought they could peered to him, the poor were left to starve or as : t p st t an w e a e s : n o allow the relief committees to afford the necessary be swept off the face of the earth.—(Hear, hear). Ile had in the lastt a s t es c st a o s n s, anti it wspoor-la w ashisinioe l th at if Parliament lamented that he felt it his duty to make these the English poor-law, P end which the Ho a n irn .. i a e r m i in Member its nature e ed t t to observations, and he considered that the facts re- think the panacea of all the evils of Ireland, still he e tl n s t ou ht quired some explanation at the hands of the Minister, that under the pressure of the accumulated distress of the cosi g n- He, with others, felt that measures were not taken try, that measure would have brok en d own, and h e was which might have prevented the scarcity whic h wa s borne oat in that opinion by t h e f act o f the difficulty which even then existed in col now so bitterly felts hicting the rates necessary for the Mr. LABOUCHERE said , that a lthou g h for man y of the existing poor-law in Ireland. H e did not supporttn years he had been in the habit of addres sin g the House, therefore, that the fearful state of Irel an d was in think, k. yet, he confessed, that at no time had he risen way to be attributed to the non-existance of a more impressed with the respousibility of hts positron, poor-law in Ireland similar to the E ng l is h p oor -l aw . or under a stringer impression how much he should H is Hon. Friend (Mr. S. OBrien) wished to know what he stand in need of the accustomed kiniiness of the House. had done when the poor-houses were crowded with poor. —Weser.) The Hon. Getele men the Member for Li They acted on the principle of entrusting the relief of the Poor to the local authorities—(Hear) —instead of undertakin g meriek had in very strong language uimicted the distress P o on thentselves the whole machinery of doling out food to at present existing in Ireland. He (Mr. Labouchere) Y f u he people through the hands of Government officers. But wished that it was in his power to say that he con they instructed the relief committees to exert themselves to the sidered that the Hon. Gentleman had overcharged utmost to raise money for the relief of the poor, and informed the picture. There had been, no doubt, i sn them that the Government would assist them with grants. some particular instances, great exaggeration. And here he would pause to assure the House of the great Betore Hon. Members could charge her Majesty's good that had been effected by those relief committees, the Ministers as had been done by the Honourable human misery they had alleviated. He was sure, if it were Member for Limerick (Mr. Smith O'Brien), they in his power to :ay a statement before the House of the good ou t ha to consider the ordinary condition of Ire they had effected the House would thank them fur what land before this great calamity took place. What they had done for the mitigationheonf the e e distresses of the was the usual state of that country? It was poor. ere The Goveram on e e n . t ha b l e t g o a f n vt began, when wars dis t r r a e ts s e s d w aasnndot 501.50 I! no exaggeration to cosy, that the people were the worst s fo e r y by et,e , ry granting 1. collected, but when the deities' increased housed, the worst clothed, and the worst fed of any they acted upon a more liberal principle, and gave a pound for people in Eurepe.—(llear, hear.) Ile had in his , every pound raised. The House d.d not hear, and possesision some facts which would throw considerable could not hear, of the multitudes that had been tight upon this question, which had been certified us saved by these committees. He, in common with the other correct by one of Owl hest antherities on the subject. members of her Majesty's Gevernment, felt deep sorrow that He meant the commission for inquiry into the condition of the the famine had committed so much havoc, but when they saw poor that had been issued in 1635. The labours of that corn- rich Belgium, France, and Germany suffering from the prea mission proved that there were 1,131,000 agricultural la sourer* sure of famine, he did not believe that they would whose average wages did not exceed from Is. to 2s. 6d. feel surprised that such a country as Ireland, when it pleased per week, and of Ilhis number one-half were unemployed Providence, had been similarly &Acted. It was for thirty weeks in the year. Sach was the condition of Ire- almost imp ssible for such a state of things land in 1835. Such was the country or, which a calamity had to be met ademtately by Government measures. fallen unparalleled in modera times. By a visitation of Pro- There was a retail trade fast springing up in Ireland; it was vidence the food of a large proportion of the people had been ni cessary for the welfare of the country that it should almost entirely swept away. The sotato crop had been a com- exit, aad it would be their duty to foster and encourage plete failure. He had obtained some calculations of the lots it. But it was titter folly to imagine that they would which Ireland had sustained in money value, certified as correct be able to interfere with it, and check the price of fend. The by one of the best statisticians in Ireland, Mr. Griffiths. He cal- relief committees established throughout the coon cleated that one and a half millions of acres were try were doing an incalculable degree of good. under potatoes, the ordinary value of which crop Soup depots had been established in every lo was 10/. a n a cre . This was an aggregate value of cality, and the amount _of human su ff ering r e lieved 15,000,0001., and as three-fourths had been destroyed , was almost :inciodible. Before he sat down he would the loss was 11.250,001. There had also been a great failure refer to one part of her Majesty's Speech upon which in the oats. There were four millions of acres under that he felt sure the utmost an t z o iem t h e prvailed—he meant state of Ireland. cr;;p, of which one-third was destroyed , making a loss in that p art which referred d money of 4,666,0001. The total loss, therefore, was Wnile famine had demilated I rel an ,it could not be denied but on these two crops 15,916,0001. That was the ques - t hat outra g e existed to a cmnide' able extent ; and while the thin which he had to put before them. Now Government was disposed to meet the fearful state of these were the calculations of loss which had been occasioned things that existed, he warned those who might be the t would leave by the calamity that had befallen Irel e nd. What was the men- abettors of the outrages that the Governmef the country.— n sure of the loss? Why it was fo un d, on i n vestigation. no means un t r ied to secure the tran q uillity o that the failure of the crop h a d f a ll en on a million ( Hear, he ar . ) The ge n e ral state of Ireland showed them, and a half of acres of pot a to groun d, an d that the an increase of outrages ; but having analysed ert loss in weight amounted to 11,250,000 lb s . Th e va l ue of this he found they were mainly attacks property. produce was esti eated at 4,837,e00/. From other causes He was g lad to sa y that the old ag dimes there was a loss of upwards of 5,227,000/. But the House "Wraps had not only not increased, but had actually I. and knew that this calamity was not to be estimated by the loss of nished • the spirit of combination had all but ceased, and produce, or of the money for which that produce could be now there ' was no difficulty in enforcing . thelaw w off a e g nd i ers sold. Great as was that misfortune, there was a far offenders. There was no sympathy with the_ juries greater one to endure. Every one acquainted with the witnesses could easily be found, and the th u h construct ion of society in Ireland knew how intimately the t'ul- generally did their duty.—( Hear, bean ) Generally wasthrough construction g as ture of the potato entered into it, and how great a stake it con- out Ireland, at the present time, the law e_ the stituted in the welfare of the country. He would not trouble egularly administered as it was in any part td t the House with details with which they were familiar, but he British empire. This was important an He cheer had only to recal it to their recollection to give them ing in the present state of things in Ireland. de of s ome idea of the distress which this loss had oecasioned. would now appeal to the returns which had beenhme a foand Not only was the c otta g e farmer de p rived of his the crimes committed in Ireland, and, from tbesel *es and usual supply of food , but also of the means of pay. that in the month of December, 1845, the iiurg ari unted ing that rent for which he was responsible, but which highway robberies committed in that country ame m anted he now found himself unable to p a y . ' fhen there was the to ei g ht y , while in December, 1846, they had a breaking farm labourer, who was no w de p rived of ever y resource. to the enormous number of 1,383. Now, die the high em, w When these two facts were taken into consideration into houses, and the sto pp in g of persons on as an Honourable Members woul d obtain some idea of the road fop the p ur p ose of takin g mone y from them, d Then deprivation which the los s of food had occasioned, offence quite new in the anna l s o f cr ime in Irel an r eturns, and what had been the rea lit y of the sufferin g . The with re g ard to a g rarian outra g es, he found by the trages corn- Hon. Member for Limerick had described the state of that in 1844, the number of agrarian ou 1'920. , while misery and destitution in the county of Mayo , and charged the mitt e d was 2,486; in 1845 they were the most Government with having produced that state. Why, in the in 1846 they had peen reduced to 1.304. But hc Govern year 1835, a witness mid, in his examination before out. of the particular circumstance of all was the s upport w ho had been Committees of that House, "that the county of Mayo could menu had received in the punishment of th likely to escape supply beggars enough for all Europe." Was it, then, fair guilty iif offences hitherto supposed to be most year it had or just to charge upon the Government the present disastrous the penalty of the law. In the autumn of lastcute a nura state ef the country ?—( Hear, hear.) The Hon. ;Member become the duty of Government to Pr o e se bakers' shops went on to attack his Noble Friend at the head of the Govern- ber of persons for breaking into th ui and were ment because he had adhered to the pledge which he gave at and stealing the bread. Th e y all p leaded silty.sme the close of last session, not to interfere with the ordinary condemned to the heavy punishment of twos • ea G e ntleman (Mr. supply of food to Ireland. The pl e d ge w hich his Noble Friend There was another charge which the w lion. no t calling Parlia had given was this, " that th e G overnmen t would not meddle S. O'Brien) had made of the Governmente ( mmr. e Labouchere) with the import trade of provisions to Ireland from foreign ment toge ther last autumn. Wh y , really, d a ily habit of see countries." He (Mr. Labouchere) now maintained that it was in Irelan d at that time, and was in th he b u siness On yourselves."nd there was not one ' H was most fortunate that the Government had firmly, and ing a grea t number of Irish gentlemen _e eavenh s ake, don't under much obloquy, adhered to that pledge. He knew of of them who did not say, " Fo nothing more criminal on the part of the Government than to cal l Parliament together, but take t for Heaven's sake, call the allow themselves, against their own reason, to be hurried into One and all of them said, "Do not, °r u will only unsettle the the adoption of a course which they were satisfied would not be Parliament together, that, if eou do, y Zed on. Do whatever you for the good of the miuntry.—(Cheers.) He was public works which arenow being eabrility, and trust to Parlia sure that if Government had turned importers of food think right upon your o h w u n t r d es i note'leave everything in Ireland on a large scale, and attempted to do that which ment for an indemnity, the ° time arrives for Parliament to no Government could have done, the attempt in a state of suspense till " It would be now highly would have failed. The sheet period of plenty would have sanction your measures. es which her Majesty's to advert to those measures before the Parlia been succeeded by all the horrors of an aggravated famine.— improper d shortly to lay 4 Hear.) Hon. Members on the opposite side seemed to think Government are prepare Con than the question o f that the power of Government was unlimited. There A more cemplieated ques s could not ment.submitted to their con be a greater mistake than that. He fully admittedthe condition of Ireland could not be ht e • . - there . . d ment the House mig ntertain of were occasions when the Government migh t that ' Whatever iu g , _ step aside from sideration. r Itlajesty s Goverionent—and he the rule which should be observed on course adopted by he common occasions.— thecould roach the great question ( Cheers.) The fallacy of the reasoning that they aPP of the Hon. Member had no doubt hat Hon. Members would bring t o b ear for Limerick was to be met not b and t result.--( Hear. ) Was there any y argument, but by the in a kindly s pirit,. n ert , f ee ling or local jealousies —not no ps .7 d man who did not know upon the d i scussion t _ ey h were Eng l ish, Scotch, or Irish that if the Government had Ireland with food the undertaken to supply considering whether the would deal with the subject in a spirit but that they w conseuence would have Members—was just and right to each and all. The been that all trades would have what The pledge which the been paralyzed ? and ietention of uch that the people ot Ireland had Government madecalamity was s , , . was this, that they nature of the would not import corn from , mn. a nd to ciaim as a right, the assist abroad for 1 eirc relate' under any aright to ask as a De e u the British people.— umttances. It was need ear (Hear, hear. y to speak out on ance and support t the subject. The conduct who, thoughout his speech was heard of the preceding Go- The Hon. Gentleman , vernment had excited the fears of • the gallery, then went on to say, that merchants, who said "We the Irish Members, he did not do so must know what we are about in speaking thus to . Ile hoped th before we go into the American k sp ey would justif mark do. We ought to know in any un . friendly G what the Government intend e ent and of the overnment b do." And his Noble the exertions of Par tam .. on to leave , y show. Friend announced his intent !) deter mines . nothing untried, no hered to it ever since . g and he had ad- ing on their artsp exertion omitted rhieh ; nmght alleviate l not make that pledge without is . Pfi He, however, did thing undone. no ex Ireland. He was satisfiedthat the he would not interfere under g arl cation. He added, that present condition of they savanthroug Irish co-operation. In the retail trade of Ireland. ordinary circumstances with could do nothing state that beno he would la land in which there was an entire absence parts of Ire- speakingg thus, amount of relief which . England ') ee no trade where he (Mr. Labouchere) thought Governmentstehneceof retail limit on i th l e andin such a crisis, but he should be should afford to Ireland ought to interfere. In the western part, and on the doctrine which would lead to the beliefsorry to southern encourage any that toast, there was this absence, and, with respect to them , the future was to rely altogether upon E i they Ireland for England.— thought and.-- thought they would do more good than harm b • If their own children would y interfering. Hear, hear. not exert them -( Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") In other parts hselves manfully, the greatest injury could not fail to t ey would have done more injury than good by such an could Ireland cail wi:h it,terfer- for on whom e more justice than en ce, for if they had attempted to control the w h o l e reta il trade on h er own cou ntrymeni' He ho p ed t hey would come to they would have sign all y failed. Th e H. Gentle man h a d di scuss i on of these matter s in one commo n spirit . When the Hon. the reproached them with not acting properly. The Right lion. measures of her Majesty's Government were laid before the Baronet, the Memb e r for Tamwerth (Sir Robert Peel), House they would th en be able to jud g e hew far they would when he was th e First Lord of the Treasur y had to meet the present exigencies of Ireland, and h ow tar they would deal with a ca lamit y in Ireland of less ma g nitu de g o towar d s improving pe rmanently the condition of that coun however, than the one with which they were now sailed try by preventing the recurrence in future of such disasters. orlon to deal. The cir cumstancee were, in fact, (efferent. Lord GEORGE BEN 11NCK then rose. He said—ln They were then living under a different state of answer to the eloquent sreech which had been period ; and, in order to meet the the Right Hon. Gentlema n who had just resumed his seat he made by c o mmerce than at that difficulty in which the calsn , ity had placed him, he adopted could assure him , he believe d, in th e name , of all the a very just and a very praiseworthy course.—( Cheers.) that side of the House that it was not their inte • parties on He reduced the duty on Indian meal, which was at that shey had no desire to make lre . land the battle field of 'sewn, and that time an article unknown , and prehibited in Ireland. It and his friends were deeply sensible, that her Ale party. H e imported in considerable quantities, and the Irish became ters bad been brought to the governmenti of I r e e s jf a d iNiuna- Was accustomed to an article of food which was more nourishing circumstances of peculiar difficulty. --(Hear.) The felt under and which consequently produced they had some share in putting them in possession ey felt that than the potato, excellent effects. The Rigl.t Honourable Baronet con- ri t sh g h overnment at a period _ef the sess i o s , n and so shortly ducted that operation with the most entire secresy, eisi . r t is calamity came up . on Ireland, that they have Loud cheers.) misters,, and to deal leniently with such not. and though secret, it was successful.—( the Go- had fair play in dealing with the matters with which And, therefore, when the Hon. Gentleman blamed _difficulties which •followed the example of her Majesty's upon that country.—(Cheers). Andpress vernment for not having for these sons he felt that it was i rea late Government in throwing supplies into Ireland from America, due from th em t he did not re co ll ect t h a t it was impossible to do so. The Hon. an indulgent eye upon the measures of here oak with Majesty's Gentleman h a d gone on to observe that the Governme nt had they did not altogether concur. It would b e • sary for hum to state that he quite unneces not taken sufficient care to remedy the distress . He need not deeply s ympathised with the dis remind th e House that I s i s N o bl e F r iend had taken office tresses which had visited Ireland, and that they heartily joinedh at a late p er i o d i n th e past session. For a long in the concern which her Ma j est y had expressed for that time b e f ore t h at t h e f o ,• mer Ministers of her Majesty were country, and that they should be prepared to give the calamity aware that th e ca l am i ty which has since visited the country t and the measures proposed to relieve i t , their earnest attention Was rapidly approaching, they had accordingly taken such But, at the same time, they should be expected to peal ilVagUre3 as they coalidered most beneficial, and tranklY , and Whilst they were not disposed to Fay But he had taken advantage of all that had been done for him, and had reduced the people of Ireland, by listening to their cravings for land, to a purred population, spreading over the whole land. After centuries of legislation, such was the con dition of the people of Ireland. He would ask the people of England if they were prepared, not only to maintain the land lords of I re l an d, as we ll as their paupers, that they had created. He would say that it was the duty of the people of England, and, he would add, the representatives of the people of England, to insist that the landlords of Ireland should maintain the people of that country. He was prepared to vote for the people of Ireland the fullest equality of rights and laws, and to sanction the Government in ev e ry en d eavour to secure the peace and welfare of Ireland. If the House of Commons was prepared to give them frill and equal freedom, and allow them, if they desired it, to govern themselves, he would be quite reconciled. But he would not go beyond this. But he could tell the landlords t,f Ireland how he would be prepared to act. They were going to revise the Poor-law. Now there was a clause which limited the operation of the Statute to England and Wales. He would simply alter it to say, " Eng land, Wales, and also Ireland." That was all he would ask to be done.--( Hear, hear). He would have this Act, of which they had heard so much the law of Eli. zalseth—extended to Ireland.—( Cries of Hear, hear.") He would even be prepared to give the people of Ireland the same number of representatives as England— ( Hear, hear) — he meant the same number in proportion to the population ; but he would also at the same time extend to them the same taxation.—( Hear, hear.) He would have no reservation when this were done ; he would settle with the people of Ire land, but he was not prepared to support any measure that would tax the hard-working, peace-loving, law-obeying people of England in support of a rude system of anarchy, in that which was called the sister kingdom.—( Hear, hear. ) It had been stated by an Irish representative the other day that the support proposed to be given to Ireland was to buy Protestants in that country. Such was the way in which the exertions of this country hail been treated. Ireland wanted a representative—a man that really understood her in terests, and was disposed to promote her welfare— ( Hear, hear) —not a man who was actuated by feelings of personal interests, of personal pelf, and of party ascendancy, and to merge them all in advancing the interests of the people of Ireland. They had not got such a man as the wants of Ireland required, but they had got a man who had done every thing in his power to exaggerate the prejudices and excite the passions of his countrymen.—(Hear, hear.) It was such a man that presumed to be the representative of the people; though he did not think he reflected aright the character of Irishmen, for he (.tlr. Roebuck) considered those in the union an honest people.—( Hear, hear.) But he wanted to hear from the Government what they might expect to follow hereafter. Was this system of relief to last for ever? Because an evil has ;Sided Ireland, are 8,000,000 to come crawling beggars craving the support of the people of England, and exercise no energy and ability in order to do something for themselves? From beginning to the end there was nothing but a cry of sympathy for the charity of the people of England. England was like a benevolent lady in a parish, the policy she was pursuing created around her a host of paupers.—( Hear, hear.) They could not go beyond the passing benevolence they had hitherto been in the habit of manifesting. To maintain eight millions of people was totally impossible. He called on the Noble Lord at the head of the Government to show how it was possible to maintain eight millions of people by any Government regula tions. The great moving principle of the social system was private, individual interest, and if they dislocated the machine, it would be impossible for society to go on.—( Hear, hear.) He called on the Noble Lord not to yield to the clamour of his Irish supporter-, but to legislate for the people of three kingdoms, and not for the advantage of one, and let him stand out and support the great principle that the people to be maintained, must maintain themselves.—( Hear, hear.) If he departed from this rule, there would be no limit to the dire calamities that would ensue. He knew how he would be met by Irish Members—he would be told of starving men, and of women and children dying from want of food. He did not require to be told of these things to excite his commisseration —he knew it all ; and he traced it all to the conduct of the Irish landlord himself; abetted, no doubt, as he had been by the Parliament of England by the course of Legislature it had pursued. But he (Mr. Roebuck) would give the Irish people an English poor law, ar.d give them equal laws and privileges. He was quite prepared for the consequences of this step. The Irish landlords had their estates deeply mortgaged, and the consequence would be that nine out of every ten of them would be swept out.—(Hear, hear.) But the mortgagees would have to step in and take all the consequences of their position. They had power to take the burdens upon themselves, and to submit to the same arrangements as the English landlords. This was all he would say to the House and the Noble Lord, on the mea sures of relief proposed by the Government. As to the tempo rary measure of opening the ports he was prepared to support it, only it ought to have been done two months ago. He uid not think it would do much, if any good now, but he was willing to support it now in order to express his sympathy with the people of Ireland, though he had none with the landlords. He did not believe that the opening of the ports would increase the supply of grain.—( Hear, hear ) He did not think there was much surplus corn to be found anywhere either in Europe or America. Neither did he think that much good would arise from allowing the use of sugar and molasses in bi evveries and distilleries, though he would not object to the measure, as he was of opinion that the rise of these articles in the manner named, should be allowed at all times. But when he asked what they intended to do for Ireland, he could get no satisfac tory explanation. The Noble Lord who last addressed them (Lord George Bentinck), spoke of a grand comprehensive scheme which he had in view. He (Mr. Roebuck) was excited when the Noble Lord thus spoke. He expected to hear some great plan in connexion with which the Noble Lord was about to come forward as the regenerator of his country. He certainly expected to hear of some grand panacea, some great discovery like the gun-cotton, but patiently and intently as he had listened, he had heard nothing that he could understand as to the course he proposed. He hoped that the next time, when the Noble Lord got up to criticise others he would condescend to en lighten them on his new plan—what he intended proposing should he become the Chancellor of the Exchequer.—(Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") He (Mr. Roebuck) had been much disappointed : he had heard no proposition to meet the starving condition of the people o: Ireland, come from the Noble Lord.—(Hear, hear ) He was in a different position to the Noble Lord. He represented no party, whereas the Noble Lord dii. The Noble Lord was at the head of a party in the House ; certainly not a powerful party, yet still a party; and he (Mr. Roebuck), therefore, did think that it was the duty of the Noble Lord to explain his scheme what lie would be prepared to do, were he called in to be the state physician.—( Laughter.) He was not yet called in, and if he ( Mr. Roebuck) were allowed to prophecy, he was nut likely to be. Still, he should have told the House what his grand panacea was to be.—( Hear, hear.) He did not expect much from that quarter, and he would now address himself to the established parties in the House, to the parties Leaded by the Noble Lord and the Right Hon. Baronet. He hoped that no Ministry would be led away by the mischievous belief that it was possible for Go. vernment to frame measures to maintain the people. The business of Government was the protection of life and pro perty, and the rest should be left to private enterprise. If they transgressed this rule, mischief must be the inevitable re sult, and Ireland would continue as it had hitherto been, the curse of England. He believed that if they were to consider their polies, and to frame their Acts as statesmen, they would do all that it lay in their power to do, and all that as statesmen they were called upon to do ; and with this remark he would take leave of this part of the subject, and turn to another, on which he was desirous of expressing his opinion. And he did this now, as he was aware that an explanation was hereafter to be made by the Ministers of the Crown, and he did not wish to mix himself up with the dispute which that explanation would be sure to excite. He took it, that to p-eserve peace, was of the greatest moment not only to England, but to all the world, and his desire, therefore, was that peace might be preserved with France, but with all the nations of the earth, and he therefore trusted that no man, to serve any idle purposes of his own, would disturb the peace of the world. It was evident that he was referring to the late transactions in Spain respecting the marriages of two young ladies—the Queen of that country and her sister, the Infanta. With that matter, as he took it, they, as English politicians, had nothing to do; but he regretted to find that the Noble Lord the Secretaroy f State for Foreign Affairs had thought proper to interfere. He trusted, however, that by recalling his Lordshi ,'s attention to the true objects of political controversy, that the mischief would be obviated. He would remind him, therefore, that, as statesmen, they had nothing whatever to do with the correspondence that might have ema nated from the Chateau d'Eu. They had nothing to do with persons ; all they had to do with was that which had passed between the Ministers of one country and another ; nor did he consider that the private feelings of Ministers should interfere in the settlement of national questions. He did not blame the present Government. or desire that the Ministers of the Crown should take notice of these matters ; but still he felt bound to call their attention to the constitutional rights of Europe, and, in doing this, he would repeat that he conceived that, as politicians, they had.nothing whatever to do with the private correspondence of private individuals. In making these observations he wished it to be understood that he did not make them under the impulse of those peculiar principles respecting monarchical institutions which he was supposed to hold.—( Hear, hear.) The sentiments he was uttering were spoken as the sentiments of a monarchical states man. It appeared that the Noble Lord at the head of the Foreign Department had taken some umbrage at the marriage which had been eontracted by the Infanta of Spain with the Duke ',of Montpensier, and a long correspondence had been laid on the table upon that subject and the marriage of her sister, the Queen of Spain. He did not wish to be a critic, but he must say that nothing could be more cumbersome, queer, or unsightly, or give greater evidence of an unpractised hand than that correspondence.—(Laugh ter.) He did not wish to be a critic of words, but a critic of fact.—( Renewed laughter.) It appeared that the Noble Lord, from some small pique of his own, objected to the succession of the issue of the marriage of the Infanta of Spain with the Duke of Montpensier. He did not exactly see the necessity or the policy of discussing the marriage of a young prince of twenty-six, or its issue, by a person of the grave appearance of his Lordship. He thought it rather out of place.—(Laughter.) He trusted that the Noble Lord would not suffer any private pique or personal umbrage to interfere with his duties as a Minister of the Crown. The Noble Lord depended on the peace of Utrecht. But what was the effect of the peace of Utrecht ? He denied that it in any way affected the case on the present occasion. By that treaty the Duke of Orleans and the Duke de Berri had severally renounced for themselves and their successors the title to the Crown of Spain. Bolingbroke was at that time our physician, and M. Toussin acted for France, and at that time Bolingbroke had insisted on this particular article of the treaty. To this Toussin had ob jected, but at length told Bolingbroke he might take it, fo r the two Dukes could not bind their successors. Th is was an evident truism, but the Noble Lord seemed to have forgotten affairs, that maxim so useful in private as "e that sufficient for the day is the evil a thereof,' in estou'rbance was ne cessary. publicbut had been willing to excite a disturbance wh ere no di It appeared that the Noble Lord felt that he bad been done, and he (Mr. Roebuck) rw as very much of that was M. Guitot, and the !pinion. ut the reat offen Noble Lord B co uld aot g touch Guizot,and Lordsofell upon the poor pr.ncesses of Spain. Even if the Noble we re right, cir cumstances were so changed that the treaty was quite inope rative. At the time that treaty was made there was a Ger manic empire, but there was no King of Bavaria, nil King of Greece , no King of Belgium, and even no - King of the French. Thus the state of Europe had been entirely altered, and all the most distinguished writers on international law, had agreed that a war had always annulled a troaty, and that it bad become inoperative unless speciall ren ewed, and that, too, in specific terms, f or general terms would not answer the purpose. The Noble Lord might have r ecollected that a breach of this treaty, as he understood it, had been committed by Louis XV., who married the Infanta of Spain, and even by the present King of the French, who mar ried a Princess of Sicily, both being_ descendants of' the con tracting parties to the treaty of Utrecht. Again he would simply call to their minds the circumstances which occurred when Louis XIV. attempted to interfere with the succession to the English throne. On that occasion the people rose as one man, and he trusted those circumstances would prevent any mischievous intermeddling—an y personal pique, from breaking' the peace of the wor ld. He would sit down by merely express ing a hope that P ar li ament would interfere to prev ent the people of England f rom b e i ng b urdened for the support of the Irish poor, or the peace of the world from being disturced 'ay any small minded pique of the Noble Lord. Mr. H, GRATTAN laid that the Hon, Member bad paid that the Government had acted unwisely, in not calling Par liament together at an earlier period, or to censure them for havi , g over-ridden the law ; they were disposed to say that the measures which had been had recourse to, were not those to which they had agreed.—( Hear, hear.) They had been told that upwards of four hundred thousand persons had been employed in works utterly useless—they had been told by their Inspector-General ( Colonel Douglas) that the only effect of these works had been to obstruct the public convey ances, and that, in consequence of the way in which the Act had been administered, the people had been with drawn from the cultivation of the fields.—( Hear, hear.) With respect to the supply of food, he could not agree in the principles of political economy, which had been adopted by the Right Hon. Gentleman. Ireland was a country where the people had been accustomed to depend for their subsistence on potatoes grown within a few yards of their own houses. When such a calamity overtook the country, it was but reason able to expect that the Government would have broken through its harsh rules of political economy, and taken mea sures for supplying the people with food, instead of leaving it in the hands , f private dealers. The Right Hon. Gentleman stated that her Majesty's Government. had done all that was possible under the circumstances. He ( Lord G. Bentinck) did not thick so, when the people had been starved to death, and whole districts decimated, it would not satisfy him to say, that everything that was possible had been done. He had a letter in his pocket from the Protestant clergyman of Skibbereeu, which stated that from the Ist of December to the Istof January, nt e h y e hSkibbereenworkhouse. ttese 140 deaths puo had taken rereature place sstatedtha t h there that they might die under a roof, and be boned in a coffin. On one Sunday there were 14 iunerals waiting for burial in the c hurchyard of that parish ; in the adjoining parish nine were waiting one Sunday ; and in two other parishes, six were waiting at the same time.—(Hear, hear.) It could not be said that the ;Topic had been supplied with food when such scenes had occurred. In the barony of Skibbereen, which contained 140 000 souls, 10,000 persons had perished from famine —( Hear, hear.) At the present moment, between 300,000 and 41)0,000 quarters of wheat were lying at the three per's of London, Liverpool, and Glasgow ; therefore, what had prevented her Majesty's Government from sending food to the west coast of Ireland to feed the starving people? ( Hear, hear.) In 1831, when Lord Stanley supplied the people of that country with food, he succeeded in keeping down the prices of food within reasonable rates, and if her Majesty's Ministers had done the same thing with regard to Indian meal now, he could not but think that they would have reduced the enormous profits of the retailers and forestallers, and would have prevented them from obtaining unduly high prices. He saw that at the present moment Indian meal was selling at New York at three shillings a bushel, while in Liver pool and Ireland it was selling at 99. a bushel, and he thought that the Government might, under the circumstances, have departed from their rigid notions of political economy, and have supplied the people of the west coast of Ireland with the food which they so much needed. Then again he conceived that if the Ministry had encouraged the landlords by giving the people employment in the improvement of their estates, instead of the unproductive public works on which they had been engaged, that there would have been much more benefit than had been enjoyed from the expenditure of the money. With respect to the compact that it was said had been entered into between the agricultural party and the late Government, he begged to relieve her Majesty's Government of all doubt upon the subject. If there had been a compact between the agricultural party and the late Government, it had been endangered in 1842, and it was broken in 1846; and he begged, therefore, on the part of those with whom he acted, to repudiate the existence of any such compact now.— ( Cheers.) It was not their intention to oppose any obstacle in the way of her Majesty's Ministers, in abrogating that por- tion of duty upon corn. When, however, he said that, he did not mean to admit that the repeal of that 4s. duty would con fer any benefit upon the consumer. It would occasion a loss in the Exchequer of between 300,000 and 400,0001. But if the Chancellor of the Exchequer thought that the revenue was is so flourishing a state as to spare that sum he (Lord Bentinck) had no ground to complain. The fact was that the whole of that sum would go into the pocket of those corn merchants and forestallers of whom the people ot Ireland had such just reason to complain—(Cheers) —or into the pockets of American merchants and agriculturists. At New York the price of wheat was 405., and at Liverpool it was 805., and it was into the pockets of those who were making these enormous profits that the Government proposed to put this extra amount of 4s. a quarter duty. He thought a better course would have been to have kept the 4s. duty and to have taken the product of it to feed the Irish people. With reference to the navigation laws he would not oppose any tem porary suspension of them. There was one course yet open for the Government to adopt, which was this :—there were eight line- of•battle ships, measuring each about '2,500 tons, and capable of carrying at least 2,000 tons of corn, and he had been informed on the authority of an able seaman in the British service, that if the Government would give him a commission, in little more than twenty.four hours he would take out the guns, batter down the boards, and caulk the vessels, and go with them to the United States, and before ten weeks had elapsed he would come back with 80,000 quar ters of corn. He was informed her Majesty's Ministers had already employed, if the statements in the newspapers were true, 84 ships, measuring 37,000 tons. But when they saw that there was little or no grain in the country, and that the people could not get what there was, because the corn mer chants would not sell it at a reasonable price, nothing ap peared to him so simple a remedy for the evil, as for her Majesty's Ministers to employ their line-of-battle ships now that all danger of war was at an end, and the Montpen sier marriage had been settled.—( Hear, hear.) Eighty thou sand quarters of corn by the ships making four voyages, which might be done before the next harvest could be thus procured for the relief of Ireland At that moment there were in bond and in stock between 30,000 and 40,000 quarters of some kinds of grain in the warehouses of London, Liverpool, and Edinburgh and Glasgow, which, if sold, through the interven tion of the Government would no doubt lead to the reduction of the price of grain and bring food within the reach of the poor. He would not, however, second the Hon. Member for Limerick in any impeachment of the Government. He would now pass on to treat the other matters of her Majesty's Speech. It was a matter of the greatest regret to the country at large, that the recent intercourse—the recent policy of the Noble Lord with the King of the French, had been on bad terms, with whom it was of the highest importance to this country to be on friendly terms. He was glad to find the Noble Lord had protested against the Mont pensier marriage, and that the intercourse had now softened down to the correspondence lie had seen in the newspapers. He for one did not believe that the English people took any interest in this Montpensier affair. The English sym pathies did not tend that way. If the conduct of Austria was a manifest violation of the treaty of Vienna, what he should like to ask was the severance of Belgium from Holland ? If the Cracow business was an infra ction of the treaty, the treaty of Vienna was torn to atoms when this country agreed to thesepa ration ot those countries ; and when England sent her line.. of-battle-ships to blockade the coast of Holland whilst the French were engaged in cannonading the walls of Antwerp. It was not for him to enter more fully into the merits of the case. He, for one, could not so deeply sympathise with the people of Cracow, and he believed, that if the truth were known, that the people of Cracow—the well disposed, the loyal people, and those who wished for peace, are greatly de lighted with this incorporation with a power ul ally. lion. Gentlemen might smile, but he believed that it would prove greatly for the advantage of that country, which now, for the last sixteen years, had been in a state of continual alarm, and Hethheae S e peech, he however strongly the press of foreign countries might write, the effect appears to be this, that the news of the incorpora tion was received by the people of Cracow with ac clamation and general illumination. With respect , e n d tA h h t i e l e r i a rn a r t i t t_ h ee e ar i y : t sttt trusted ux:eets t se h tdth e haat tttohht Ireland rt e eG r l aotnybedeprawnrma measurest was to of Government bt ee her nrde iegmde i ipp eru i rs l aep a tde j e e s di s n t_ bg y y', regenerated—(Hear, would fully equal the emergency. Respecting the rp mustwould some tuh great r n e a a t t u m r e e asas measure, r o e , b y encourage which the e ap i ta employmentw would ld be i n ol c d a u p c i e t d a l to o n Ireland. pou r in t 0 It t h w e a s e not eu n t br country. labour He or he p p e o d o r the e m i m i l oeyaons measures would be such as would be entitled to his support ; but if the Government did not introduce such a measure, then he gave notice that he would, at the earliest opportunity bring forward a large But d thi c e om ß p tg re h h t e H ns u i n ve d amity, to which the measure for that purpose.—(Cheers.) B an Gentleman feared that the calamity was l not alone an evil - overtakennf sentiment. He Majesty's a affecting td u a l parties lreland in; i t the wase empire r e imperial should' bcea had Geo. Bentinck) concurred in that Government would have their (the protectionists) support that them.—( Hear, hear. ) in nhe assistingeii thatthe lan dlords h country in meeting If they came down to that House on a employment of the Iri s h peop l e in the justification of th e i r e extremity of distress on unproductive works, he- believed th sistance of the pa ey would hav e t h e as rty with wh om he acted ; but, at the same t me, he thought it but right to state that Chia was an e x cept i on to the rule, and that I r i s h property, of one another, should be found to maintain the Irish poor. They thought it hard that th e P ar li ament or he Government ot you England should s t ep i n and sayshallt people— you shall feed the I employ the peop e, while they are engaged on works that will make no return of food. Mr. ROEBUCK wished to give expression to a few words which he th oug h t wou l d b e of service to the House and the country. He deeply in . sympathised the miseries of the people of Ireland. Not having heard any explanation from the Noble Lord or his colleagues, be warned the House against the danger of altering that which shall be a. mere temporary expedient into a permanent mischief for the country. lie was quite aware that the sympathies of the people might be appealed to on their behalf. He knew what it was to come begging from Ireland. Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN—Oh, oh. Mr. ROEBUCK—Yes, and he said it advisedly, and before he was done he would illustrate his position by many illustrious er:mples. He gave great credit to the measures of the Right Hen. Baronet opposite (Sir R.Peel), for the measures which he had adopted to meet the case of Ireland while at the head of the Administration. But there was a mischief attending all those measures. He (Mr. R o eb uc k) conten d e d th a t no Government could propose to itself the task of feeding the people. The legitimate consequence of not admitting the force of this axiom was a fruitful source of all that cant de tailed in the newspapers which told them that the people had a right to labour and to provisions. lie denied both propositions. They could not as a Government provide labour for the people, or pretend to pay them for it. They bad it in history that the aristocracy of Rome paid the people ; and what was the con sequence of the adoption of such a measure? Ruin was then, and ever would be, the inevitable consequence. He could not help pointing out the affliction which would be brought upon this country if we were to pay the Irish people. He was aware that in doing so he should bring harsh expres sions upon himself, .but, as a duty to the people of England whom he represented, be was prepared to meet the obloquy which would thus attach to him, and to say that the people of Ireland should not be paid at the expense of the people of England. For one year, or for any specified period, he would contribute all he possessed to maintain the people of Ireland for that space, but it was a permanency that they had now to meet. Last year they anticipated the famine, and the Right Hon. Baronet (Sir R. Peel) to whom he begged to express his gratitude, did all he could to prevent the mischiefs which might accrue from that famine. It had come again this year, and it was aggravated because of the knowledge that England would provide food for every brawling demagogue who wanted to exacerbate the misery o f his country. It was known that England would come forward now as she had done, and England was prepared to meet any nature, but he protested possi •ble contingency of a temporary against a permanent provision d for the Irish peop l e . An now a word about Irish landlords. He had no doubt that what he might say would . excite hitter feelings asainst him. Let, not his Hon. Friend (Mr. Be rnal) be at all hurt at the notion. the (Mr. Bernal made some observation which did not reach gallery.) That was a n Irish landlord of a sudden.— (laughter.) Those, said t he Hen. Gentleman Bernal—those were th gr eat cm with Ir ish landlords 1 rish phasis. pointing towar ds Mr. . ent had been legislating landlords for whom the British Parham . tslating against the for the last 300 years. They had been leg people of Th Ireland,and for their own person al purposes. e l a ndlords of Ireland , with the aid of the British Parliament , inflicted great m ischief on the people of th t acountry. The estate fit only f or paupers Irish landlord b uilt cottages on his in order that he might get a per centage from the rent o them. It there were a proper poor law in Ireland he would not do so. He had been told that the Irish landlord did not do this, but he had done it, and built house upon house for a pauper population for w hom he had done nothing. He had been legislated for by the House of Commons, and all sort of privileges had been granted to bibs by Act of ?aliment. S (ty-%7 ,`r• . ~+~( r = ~,~ 4-!' that he had given up sarcasm and had taken to should recollect that oiliness of language, and sit, pression, would not answer for soundness of argum a. -- s--:--- should mention that even the polish of a shielo wo, _a dfesfspie-: tt:4 NY , when oil and vinegar dropped upon it. The Hon. Gentleman had styled the Irish landlords as beggars, but they only de manded justice. The Han. Member for Bath had alluded to history, and the King of France, as he called him, had he read the speech of that King ? if he had, he would see that the French Government, although not feeding the population, hee d taken care to obtain a supply of food for the people from Coe ports of Odessa, and other parts where corn was to be obtain ed. Why was it that the Government of this country had not, raw, taken the same step with regard to the purchase of food. In the port of Odessa there was 150,000 quarters of wheat left behind by the French, why was it that there were only six British vessels in that port? It was a gross neglect upor I the part of the Government. There was also plenty of ecirn at New York waiting for ships, none were to be obtained. The Government had their experimental fleet sailing ahoy it, and their pennons floating with every breeze, why did they not freight them with the precious cargoes of food for the sotering people. Government had proposed to admit molasses for the purposes of distillation, why did they not couple with that measure a prohibition to use barley? The Hon. Member for Bath had thought fit to attack the Hon. Member for Dublin, who was absent ; he (Mr. Grattan) had no doubt th it he would be able to defend himself from the charges brought against him. He would, however, tell the Hon. Member for Bath that there was a great party in Ireland, who were handed together to remove tf, e cause of universal misery and distress which had sunk all classes, and demoralised the country; and while we are engaged in this noble cause we regret to find Hon. Gentlemen, who, like the Hon. Member for Bath, came like an evil spirit to blast all their endeavours, and to sow dissension among their ranks by the introduction of angry topics of religiou s diff , rences. He trusted that the Hon. Men ber for Dublin would let his constituents know that the Irish Members, as a body, were all agreed that they would not follow the advice, and !east of all the example, of the Hon. Member for Bath ; and that all considerations of party are lost in the great national calamity.—( Cheers.) As an Irish Member he deprecated :he Government of his country on principles of political economy, he flung such prin.. ciples to the wind When starvation and death were staring the people in the face, were they to die upon principles of political economy ? The commissariat officers had become embued with those principles, and had gene so far as to distri bute quotation. from Adam Smith and from the Bible. The letters of Mr. Trevellian were better adapted for some of Scott's historical romances than for the Government of any nation. The employment which the Government had given under the Labour-rate Act was a mockery. In the county of Mayo the wages of the labourer was only 4d. a day, and meal was now 3s. Sd. per stone—a quantity equivalent to the sup port of a family for two days. The Government, by their acts, were employing officers of the army in distributing a halfpennyworth of bread and some treacle to the poor unfor tunate devils who were starving in Ireland. He hoped, if the union was to continue, that it would not simply be a federal or a parchment union, but a union of sentiment, having for its object the promotion of the benefit of the whole nation. Mr. D. BROWNE said he should not have risen to address the house but for the speech of the Hon. Member for Bath, who had given way to the ascerbity of his waspish disposition, and maligned the landlords of Ireland. He trusted, however, that his sentiments would not be responded to by any Hon- Member, so that Ireland might not have that addition to her present affliction. The Hon. Member for Bath had reproached the Irish landlords with being beggars. But if they were beg gars, they had been reduced to their present condition in con sequence of the evil government of their country by the English Parliament, and if they would restore to the people of Ireland their own native Legislature, and those funds which they had contributed towards the liquidation of the natonal debt of England, they would be ready to provide out of those funds for the present contingency, and place Ireland in a position which would prevent any English legislator from stating that they were obliged to approach the Parliament in era attitude of supplication. He was sorry that the Hon. Member for Limerick ( Mr. S. O'Brier.) had disturbed the unanimity which had subsisted between the friends of Ireland ; bat he trusted that neither the Government nor the Noble Lord at its head, nor the party of which the Noble Lord opposite (Lord G. Bentinck) was also the head, nor the party represented by the Hon. Ba ronet the Member for Tamworth would join in the senti ment—that Ireland was a curse to this country.—( Hear.) He agreed in one part of the argument of the Hon. Gentleman (Mr. S. O'Brien), namely. that the Government ought to have called the Parliament together two or three months ago, to consider the state of Ireland ; for, although the means within the adoption of the Government might last year have been sufficient to meet the contingency, it was insufficient at the present period. There must, however, be energy against the landed gentry of Ireland. They must devote some of their large rentals to stimulate the industry of the people by providing for their profitable employment—( Hear, hear) and the first act passed by the British Legislature with respect to Ireland, ought to be one entitling a right of the tenants to relief from the landowners,. on whose property they lived. It was the best tax he thought which could be imposed upon the landed proprietary, but in dependently of this he admitted that at this time there was occasion for the Government to extend a helping hand to Ireland. , atire, but heir— kkness of_ ex. Mr. BERNAL OSBORNE wished, as a landlord, to ad dress a few observations to the House, but in the outset he wished to warn Irish Members that if they took the Hon. Member for Bath to their bosom they would mind him like the " toad in the ear of Eve"— (Laughter)—and although the Hon. Member for Mayo (Jr. D. Browne) deprecated the at tack of the Hon. Member for Bath, he followed up his state ment, by adding, that the landlords of Ireland bad neglected their duty. He (Mr. B. Osborne) had done his best to mould his conduct like that of his neighbours. Mr. D. BROWNE said he spoke of the past. Mr. B. OSBORNE thought it unnecessary to refer to the conduct of Irish Members during the past. They were an im proving body, which would be proved if the Hon. Gentleman came to move for an account of the many acres of turnips raised, the number of duels fought, and the number of ploughs set to work in the county of Mayo.—( Hear, and laughter.) They had the prosperity of their county at heart. The speecis of the Queen, which would be transmitted to Ireland by the next post, was certainly of a cheering character. as they were told that disorder had been suppressed by the military and the police; whereas Ireland was like a beleagured city without food, which, he apprehended, charity of the benevolent could not adequately have provided against. These outrages were only to be repressed by pouring in food. The Chancellor of the Exchequer had stated yellow meal could be reduced to 10d. per stone, but yet it was seliing in Ireland at 2s. 6d. and. 2s. 10.1. per stone. He was at a loss to know why the Noble Lord did not issue an order in Council four months ago sus pending the corn-laws. It was too late to oper. the ports now, as France had anticipated them. It was too late to do so irs January, when the people were st..rving. Something ought to be done immediately to pour food into Ireland, or Ire land would become one vast charnel-house The Dean of Cashel had stated that 5,000 had died from starvation. The Speech he considered was not a speech conveying the real sentiments of the Government, but of some political recusants in the Treasury who pulled the strings. Sir R. INGLIS said that he was anxious to say a few words in answer to the speech of the Hon. Member who had lately addressed the House. He did so, because he solemnly .be lieved that the charge made against his friend, Mr. Treveyllan, was one which proceeded from total ;gnorance upon the sub ject. Mr Treveyllan had been described as inimical to Ire land. Now, to his (Sir R. Inglis) certain knowledge, it he had a fault it was that of being too partial to that country.—(Hear.) That gentleman had taken upon himself, not only official, but personal duties in order the better to promote those measures which were considered of a beneficial character. — ( Hear.) t l The lion. Member for Mayo began to speak with some appre hension that the expression of Ireland's being a curse to Eng land, would have a most injurious effect upon the people of that country, and he appeale.. to my Noble Friend the Member for Lynn, and m Hon. Friend the Member for Tamworth, and my Noble Frieud the Prime Minister, and hoped that they would not concise in such $ sentiment. His own memory did not inform him that such an expression was made use of, and he had asked three Hon. Members their recollection of the fact, and they all agreed with his. Mr. R. D. BRO WNE.—You misunderstand me. I totally deny it. Sir H. INGLIS.—WeII then we must leave the difference; to be settled elsewhere.---(Great laughter.) The Hon. tlen tleman then continued, it certainly was not the most courteous method of contradicting him which had been taken; for it was open to the Member for Mayo, when he had concluded, to make a formal disavowal. And he protested against the ow of such intemperate language.—( Hear, hear.) He hcped that the Hon. Member for the University of Dublin, and the Member for Meath, did not represent the concentrated wisdom of the united Irish party, ft r he could not hope that much good would result from such a ut.iun.—( Hear, hear.) He entirely deprecated the principle upon which this claim for Irish relief was advocated. It was a claim made upon their justice, and not upon their sympathy, it was a claim of right, and not of compassion, it is a claim of so much debt of pounds, shillings, and pence, and not of charity. He dented the claim thus made altogether, while he would cordially recognise it. if it were made on the principle of Christian feeling. The hon. Member for Rath bad made a speech, which was full of his accustomea sarcasm and acute reasoning, which, however, in his opinion, was not founded on the soundest principles. He regarded the claim as asyste matic attempt to impose upon the people of England, Wales, and Scotland, the exclusive burden of supporting the people of Ireland ; and his speech served to vary the uniformity of the debate, for the first seven speeches might have adorned the old Parliament House of Ireland as a specimen of entire attention to Irish affairs. Not one word had been said of another part of the empire, which had been suffering equally, and with the most enduring patience.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") He thanked Members on both sides for that cheer, as it re cognised the claim of Scotland upon their attention. The people of that country, it was true, had not a united Scotch party, they were patient in their own country, and were not clamorous out of it ( Hear, hear)—and he trusted the they would not be forgotten. tie fully agreed that the question of the marriages in Spain was not one in which the Secretary would be able to carry the people of England with him. butH? considered that the treaty of Utrecht had been violated, its violation, in his opinion, was net a just cause t a fo t the people of England in a war. He belie the intention of any of the eontr e aeting Filth should ever sit on the that any descendant of Philip th ' „fora the expression of r i h t a m t w a t e s n a t o y s throne, which intention was evi d ent direction, and therefore he cou needle, eternally fixed in_ one ltresht had been violated. Yet, Philip, who said that that treaty should be rtv l ei ik de e s the point of a sidered that the Treaty of . h e wo u n i t d w a o r ld in be sta j t u e :iu t i b d at i b n e in td oi n v o in t a co t z : a oi t d: t . h rt e r, yh s a a itu m t e .i . He would say one word ie tim G e -,vernme war.—( Hear, hear.) with reference to the subject of Cracow, He could n w ith the Noble Member fir Lynn that, because illumination. o t agree b h ya d th ta e k t e r n oo p p l s ac o e f the E there, manpderthor of ta f at Austria, utsimtreia7l, with the certainty,enitwasoccupied als e that the two nearest Powers were ready to throw their armies into it, that the people of Cracow were so degraded as to rejoice in their degradation. He trusted that the evils which had overtaken Ireland, and which were inevitable, would, by the mercy of God, be turned to good account, and ultimately advance the interests of the people who had borne their sufferings in such an admirable manner.—(Cheers. ) Lord JOHN MANNERS ventured to offer a few obser vations to the House. He would offer a suggestion or two tO her Majesty's Ministers since they were so desirous of bene fiting the people of Ireland, who were suffering so severely from the misfortunes which had overtaken them. The Go vernment proposed to suspend the am .11 duty now levied in corn, and also to su-pend the operation of the navigation laws. Now he was of opinion that such a course would not lead to much practical good. It must be known by every Member of that House that many other states of Europe were suffering from a deficiency of food, and had actually prohibited the exportation of cern. He thought the Government of this country ought to have done something of a similar kind. Within the last ten days he had learned that no less than twenty-seven vessels had been freighted in this country with English corn at the very time when a great portion of the English people were suffering from a deficiency. Such a state of things should not be permitted to continue. Beyond these observations he would content himself with calling the attention of the House to a despatch of Mons. Gutzot in reference to the Spanish marriage, which was dated Feb. 27, 1846. The despatch was in reference to the candidates for the hand of the Queen of Spain, in which it was stated that the Son of Don Carlos woo out of the question. In another passage it is further stated that the French Government had dear everything in nilar was iiary that large ,c 1 ry in l;ed , id he The , e d to untry I p