The Sun. — London, England, 1817-04-09 00:00:00

retilt of daily CN llce among, tilt'., pair .411, working classes, on an extensive scale, .for twenty-; five vears; and during which the most unceasing attention has been direetedt&disCov'er theprimary causes of their poverty and misery, and the best Means of providing a remedy for:hoth. 'A casual or superficial consideration of the plan" now proposed car Mot he expected to impart a suf cient k'noWledge thevariritts lieneficial results of 'such a'. Natubination, 'or to'fOrm the ground of a . teasottable Opinion as to its practicability. I now beg' leave to solicit the attention of the Committ,ee to the drawings and explanations which accompany this. Report. They are intended to • represent a square of buildings sufficient to acciiinmodate• about 1200 Persons, and be surrounded by a quantity of land_ from to acres., Within 'the square are public buildings, which divide it into two paral lelograms. The central building contains a pub 11c kitchen, mess rooms, and all the accomrnotla tion to economical and comfortable' choking and eating. To the • right of this is a building of which the first floor will form the in fant school, and the other a lecture room and place of worship. The building to the left contains a school for the older children and a 'Committee-room on the first floor ; above, a library and a room for adults. In the .vacant space within the square are inclosed grounds for exercise and recreation ; these inclo sures to have trees 'planted in theM. It is in-' tended that three -sides of the square shill 'be lodging-houses for the married pour, consisting of four rooms in each. Each room to be stall cieotly large to accommodate a man, his 'wife, and two children. The fourth side is designed for dormitories for all the children: exceeding two in a family, or above three years of age. In the centre of this' site of the square are apartments for those who superintend the dormitories ; at one extremity of it the infirmary, and at the other, a bidding for the accommodation of strangers who may 'come from a distance to see their friends and relatives. In the centres of two sides of the squares are apartments for general superintead cots,' and in the third are store rooms for all the articles required for the use of the establishment. On the outside and at the. back of the houses around the square are gardenS, bounded, as the drawings represent, by roads. Immediately beyond these on one side, are buildinp for mechanical and.manufacturing pur poses,. slaughter-house, separated from the establistment by plantations. At thefot !er side are offices for washing., bleach ing, &c. an I at a still greater distance from the • square arc two farming establishments, with coo reuiences for malting, brewing, and corn mills, &c. around these are cultivated inclosures, pas' , titre hinds, &c. the hedge rows of Which.to be planted with fruit trees. . The plan represented ?s on a scale considered to be sufficient to accommodate about 1200 per- IS ()11S. And these are to be supposed men, women, and children, of all ages, capacities, 'and dis positions ; .most . of them very . ignorant ; many with bad and' vicious habits, possess , ' in g only the ordinary bodily and mental fa etittim.s.of. human bvitip• ; and whti require to be supported Out of the funds appropriatcu to tiro maintenance of the Poor--,-individnals who are at present not only useless and a direct burthen• on the public, but whose moral influence is highly pernicious, since they are the medium by which ignor,ince, and certain classes of vicious habits and crimes, are fostered and perpetuated in society. It is evident, that while the poor are snflered fo, remain under the circumstances in which they have bitheitti existed, they,. And their children, with very few. exceptions, Will - continue unaltered to succeeding generations. , • In order to effect any radically beneficial change in their character, they must be removed from the influence of such circumstances, anti placed rimier those which, being congenial to the natural con, stitution of man, antl.the well-being of society, cannot fail to produce that amelioration in their condition, which all classes: have in great an in terest in promoting. Such circnrostances; after incessant application to the subject, I have endeavoured to combine: in the arrangement of .theestablishment represented in the drawings, so far as the present state of' so ciety Will perMit. These I will now attempt to explain more particularly. Each lodging• room is to accommodate a man, Lis wife, and two children under three years of. age ; and to be such as will permit them to have Jutish more comfort than the dwellings of the poor usually afford. ,It is intended'that Ihe chil dren .abOve three years of age should attend the school, eat in the mess-room, and sleep in the dorMitories, the parents being of course permitted • to - see and converse with them at meals, and all Other proper times. 'That before they leaVe School, they shalt be well instructed in all necessary and rueful: kliwv.ledge ; that every possible Means should be adopted to prevent the acquirement cif bid habits, front their parents or otherwise ; •that • Jto pains shotild he spared to impress upon them such habits and Aisposition3 as may be most con clusive to their hat'ipineis through life, as Well as render them useful and valuable members of the community to which they belong. • It is proposed that "the women should be'em ployed, in the first plaee, in the care of their in fants, anti in' keeping their divellings in thebeat order. 2dly, In cultivatnig tl,e gwleiim to raiv:. vegetable% for the supply Of the public kitchen •Silly, In attending to such - of the branches 'of the various manufactures as women can well Under take; but not to be employed more than . foar or five hours in the day. 40.1 Y, In making up clothing for the inroltes ,of the astablislonent. &tidy, In attettding occasionally, and In rotation, in the public kitchen, mess-rooms, and 'dormito , ries ; and, when•propeq instru;:ted,.in Sttpecin tending some 'parts . of the education of the children itt the schoOls." • It is proposed that the elder children should' be tliined to assist in gardening and manufacturing ifLe • a portion of the . day, according to their strength ;'and that the men should be employed, of them, in' agricnlture, and alio in manufac tures, or some other occupation, for the benefit olthe establishntent. The iguorauce of the poor . , .their ill training, 49 9, ktat?o,l4l76lficat:Con, .ni•Ake it - Itcres • sary that those of the present- generation should be activ.ely., and „regularly -ocmipied tbecingh the day ,itt some essentially useful work ; yet in .such a manner,. that, their, employment should be healthy prOtlnetiv'e . . The Plan which has been described will Most an ply admit of this. In.order..to.olfrr some practical idea•of the ex pences that would he incurred in founding such an establishment forNOti souls, thp following items are subinitted „ . SCHEDULE OP- EXPENCES FOR FORMING AN ESTA BLISHMENT FOR TWELVE HUNDRED MEN, WO MEN, AND CHILDREN.' -”. • .If the Land be 'pludbased, 1200 Acres of Land, at 301. per acre L,86,000 Lodging ApartMents for 1,200 Persons„ • 17,000 Three,Puhlic Roildings within the Square - 11,000 Manufactory, Slaughter-house, and Washing-house 8,000 Furnishing SOO Lodging Rooms, at 81. each.. . 2,400 Furnishing Kitchen, Schools, and Dormitories.. , 3,000 Two Farming Establishments; with Corn Mill, Malt- ing and Brewing Appendages., 5,000 Meting the Interior of the Square and Roads 3,006 Stock Mr the'Farm under Spade Cultivation - 4,000 Cuntifjgeneies and Extras 6,600 L.1)6 3 000 . _ Which being divided by MR, gives a capital to be advanced of 801. per head, or at 5 per cent. per annum, 41.. each per year. Thus, at so small anmexpence as a rental of 4/. per bead, may these unemployed poor be put into a condition to maintain themselves, and, as may be easily conceived, quickly to repay the capital advanced, if thought necessary. But, if the Lind be rented, only GO,OOO/. capital would be required. There are several modes by which this plan may be effected. . _ It may be accomrlished by individuals, by parishes, by counties, by districts, &C. compris ing more counties than one, and by the nation at large through its government.—Some may prefer one mode, sonic another ; and it wmpld be ad vantageous certainly to have the experience of the greatest variety of particular nodes, in order that the plan which such diversified practice should prove to be' the best, might afterwards be gene rally adopted. It may therefore be put lotto exe cution by any parties, according to their own lo calities and views. - The first thing necessary is to raise a , sum of money adeqnate to purchase the land (or it may be rented) to build a square, manufactbries, farm. houses, and their appendages, to stock thetatro; and provide every thing to put the whole . iu mo tion. • Proper persons must be procured to superintend the various ; departments, until others. should be trained in the establishment to supply their places. The labour of the persons admitted may then be applied to procure a . comfortable support for themselves and their children, and to repay, as as ►night be required, the c a pital expended 'on their establishment. When their labour shall', be Pints properly and temperately directed, under an intelligent system, easy of practice, it will soon be land to be more than sufficient to supply ,every reasonable want. Of man, how vain and useless to acknowledge the truth of the principle that men may he train eti to produce more than they' will .consume, less the means shall be devised by which the prin. s;i.t.. may tie carried into practice ! , The period is arrived when it may be most adVantageetti,ityptit into practice, And the period is also arrived when the state of society imperiously requires the adop. tion of some Measures to relieve the wealthy and industridus front the increasing burthens of the poor's rate, and the poor front their increasing misery and degradation. It is impoSsible to find language, sufficiently strong to express the - inconsistency, as well as the injustice, of our present proceedings towards the poor and working classes. They are left in gross -ignorance. They are permitted to be trained up in habits of vice and in the eonsmi(sion Of crimes ; and, as it purposely to keep theM in ignorance and .vice, and goad them on. to commit criminal acts, they are perpetually surrounded with temptations which cannot fail to produce all ,those effects. The' system, ,tar rather want of system, which exists with, regard to the managementof the poor, has been emphatically condemned by a long and Painful experience, The immense sums annually raised for their re lief are lavished in utter disregard of every prin ciple of public justice or economy. They offer greater reWard: for idleness and vice than for in dustry anti virtue ; and thus directly operate to increase the degration and misery,of the classes whom they are designed to serve. No sum, how ._ ever chin-mons, administered after this. manner, could be productive of any other result : ra ,ther will pauperism and wretchedness 'increase_ along with the increase of an expenditure thus applied. The poor and unemployed Working classes, however, cannot, must not, be abandoned to their fate, l est the consequences entail misfortune on us all. Instead of being left as they noW are, to 'the domiliion of ignorance, and to the Influence of eirentnstances which are fatal tri their inilustry. tsticl : 6l , lolls,---a situation in which it is easy to perceive the itiefficacy, or rather, the injuriousness of granting them a provision in a were pecuniary shape---they shOuhl, • on the contrary, be afforded the mean; of procuring a certain and comfortable i),)s!';tcnce by their labour, aindera system whi c h '13,-.)t .only dir'ect that labour and its 'earnings to the best advantage, but, at the sante time, place than under -circumstances the most favour able,to the growth of. morals and of happiness..., In . short, instead of allowing theits habits to pro. seed under the werst influence possible, or rather as it were to be left to chance, thus producing nu , intentionally crimes that render necessary the. se. .verities 'of our penal code,—let a system for the prevention of tfanisetistu and of crimes be adopt ed, and the : operation of our penal Code will soon be restricted to very narrow limits. The outlines of such a plan, it is presumed; AniVe been';' however imperfectly, suggested and sketched in this Report. It may be hoped that the Government of th' country Is now sufficiently alive to the necessity of abandoning the principle on which all our Le. gislative measures on this subject have hitherto proceeded ; Fur nothing short of this can place the Empire din permanent sAfety. Until the pre ventive principle shall beceins the bitsis of Lezisi hake proce6llngs, ;t be 'vain ttitlook for any mtasures beyond partial temporary expedients, which will letrve- society Aftiinwroved, or involve it in a mach worse state. • If such should "be.. the conviction of Govern ment, the change proposed in the management of the poor and unemployed working classes will be much better directed, nationally titan•privately. In fact, litany of the benefits to bet derived to society at large will not be realized until the plan become national. Should the practical outline, which is now sub mitted, be approved, and engage the attention of Parliament, the next consideration .would be, in what manner it may be carried into effect with the least loss of time, and without immediate or future injury to the .resources of the country. •• The money necessary for founding Establish ments on the principle.of the Me now proposed, may .be -obtained by consolidating the Funds of some of the Public Charities ; by equalizing the rate, and borrowing on their security.* •,The Poor, including those belonging to Public Charities, should be made national. Hence trill arise a superabundance of funds and labour. The country shOuld be surveyed, and die bust situations for these agricultural and manu facturing establishments be ascertained. Such as can be the most easily procured, in va riot's parts of the kingdom, should be fairly va l►►ed, and purchased by the Notion, on perpetual lease, or otherwise, and be properly laid out by competent persons for the purposes required. The labour of the poor and unemployed may be most advantageously applied to the execution of every part of the work, under the direction of proper persons appointed to superintend the various de partments. Nothing new would be required ; all that could be wanted is in daily practice all over the king dom. The land and houses would not only possess their original worth, but as the plan advance►i, both ,would materially increase in, value, and all the districts in the neighbourhoods of these com munities would partake of the general ameliora tion which they could not fail to introduce in a very extensive degree. When these arrangements shall be adopted and carried into execution,—and sooner or later they must order to permanently relieve the na tional distresses, new and extraordinary conse quences will follow. The real value of the land and labour will rise, while all the production of laud andlabour will fall•; mechanism will be of more extensive worth and benefit to, society ; every encouragement may be given.to its extension, and its extension will go on, ad infinitum, but only in aid of, Bud not is competition with, hutnar labour, • A summary of the advantages tube derived fram the execution of such a-plan may be presentee under the following heads : • . 1. Expensive as such a system for the unemploy ed poor may appear to a superficial observer, it will be found, on mature investigation, by those who understood all the consequences , of such a combination, to be by fur the most economical that has yet been devised. 2. Many of the unemployed poor are now in a state of gross ignorance, and have been trained hi bad habits—evils which, under the present system, are likely to continue for endless genera tions. The arrangements proposed offer the most certain means, in a manner gratifying to all the parties intetestcd, and to every liberal mind, of overcoming both their ignorance and their bad habits, in one generation. 3. The greatest evils in society arise from man kind being trained in principles of disuoion. The proposed measures offer to unite men - in the pur suit of common objects for their mutual benefit, by presenting an easy practicable plan for gra dually withdrawing the causes of difference among individuals, and of making their interest and duty vcry,generally the same. 4. This system will also afford the most simple and effectual means of .giving the best habits and sentiments to all the. children of the unemployed poor, accordingly as stitiety shall *be able to dc termine-what habits aod seiltiments, or what cha racter, ought to he given to them. 5. It will likewise offer the most powerful means of improving We habits and general conduct of the -present unemployed adult poor, who have been grossly neglected by society from their in fancy.- _ 6. Owing to the peculiar - arrangement of the plan, it will give to the poOr, in return for their labour, more valuable, subtantial, and pertua nent comfort, than they have ever yet beeu able to obtain. 7. In one generation it will supersede the ne cessity of poo► rates, or any pecuniary gifts of charity, by preventing any one from being poor, or subject to such unnecessary degradation. 8. It will offer the means of gradually increas ing the population of such unpopulons. districts of Europe stud America as may be deemed• necessary, and of. erabling—a. much greater population, to subsist in comfort on A given spot, if requisite', titan, existed before ; iii short, of increasing, the strength and political power ,of..the country in which it shall be adopted, more than tenfold. 9. It is so easy, that it may be put into,prac tice with less ability and exertion, than ate-nectl sary to establish a new manufacture in a new situation. Many individuals of ordinary talents have.formed establishments which possess com binations much more complex. In fact, there would not be any thing required which is not daily pet formed in common society, and which, tutd4 the propw:ed arrangement, might not be much more easily accomplished. 10. It will effectually relieve the manufactur ing and labouring poor front their present deep distress, without violently or inetnaturely- inter fering with, the existing institutions, of society. 11. It will,permit mechanical inventions and improvements to be carried to any extent, for by the proposed arrangement every improvement in * Or the funds may be raised by borrowing of individuals who have now a surplus capital uneiupluyed ; by burro:itipg from the Sinking Fund ; or by any other gnancial arrange ment that ma}- he deemed preferable. "This establishments rapidly increasing in .value by the labour of the individuals on Ow land, will soon I.iicutee : sr. sufficient security fur large propation of the amity that Ray La expended in tb s pur chase. y . m .fi ec a ls . i II ( i i i M human ‘vP ll' 11 1 1) ) e n u t e r I . 1 '1 erc i d 12th, and lastly. sld Every-part cf society Ivo be . ... .essentially benefited by this eliaoge io the coo. dit.lon of the poor. Some plan, boded 0006 subsercient to, an principles as have been deveioped herein, Wear; sobsAutely necessary to secure the ivell•belog°l t c.iety 1 Its will as revent the ofilicting We' acie of tbousauds diningp in want, sod smitliti P_uperabundance of IneVS, to well.train,theOlei .It.lll°Y, and support. in comfort, a voPulati°ll° least four times the present numbers. ------...... n futli tuiRAT:EQ:A:AKES IN SWlTeZitEhll: tki.:l): R--.....c1i 28........5ve [MORE PARTICULARS.] LA * know Wlyat passes on or under our eafil''.,it, trembles ever} where. We are reaping titilli7 a o tte i nded.with midst of of winter ; it freezes in spring ; the t ' I t ; le f rbolt falls amid the snow--we.kool n roots alloi the o v er !natter . Savoy, ..i.bl;tseppalginc. oilin,tierilynt :I t a p v eoboo,ic,,,,ie:; n. f.tt.lareauvaarl)l74ofeaCrititalquiunatkitei i, daughter 1111.011 a s econd, and on the 42illit a third On 1: 011 : great disasters. So catty osill_e:lL, From the Ist to the Sth of Alarch a cio le"t 1". Oiitlil I for e,! ‘ l i Bfch.alp.r,ov-t.altorh-.:01111-encigiraolei•leet)le.hirr,Ilseevve'ralaizisati:p.isocicrerillati °lop\plaseelvaaatilJ;h:t(::::cip:ie'leiluseirisi6ceeelu'rel..eile‘t.v°tOtiviYi'l'eciir'ce:)6elltl.2.llPsivs!t'p.(::ldir;finite'tPlii' I for to_. whom it was inhabited, only llv ° f.,„, o t ciisitit:oictd:ieteri itr:::::ttisii:ef:frristiott:lit.:!,t,t,:it. Bresti earl ittet;lie was felt ; the coocuol'ltc,d !re' 41 e roofs of the churches of Des i';`,o,, its _1!) ence excited general terror when.iV, t o so sa ftrglitful breaking of the glaciers. P‘ c. Old $ vivid , lightning was seen On Mat plan e, On the in an opposite quarter of 111`0...1 woe on the I 1 th and 12tii sithfcrrimeati o 0: 11 , 000 , during; the ‘vho e nib . succeeded, and coothnied t.O Ille,rvis:l'eli, 1005Cotaava,t.00i'Lttl:‘Itiesl.ielh7o,sl.:s:a,oiroo'BliIdlt,enf:ca1d.tei.i10aa:l(14ettyc(°y:kdailn'.inaic0.ecix°tci.jrilIlict:),ek,!ittensieic3tta:ekGbInsti'i'ine)oipenglpicica.)lt'oelkrlsi,j'.'ifot::Iecrgt,:it,I1):j,lci.Iat,'':gaslnrs'r'ttt°,iri:Ijltaeeclrisi!a::cl;'oic..tci,:c''p;ljd:Ail,ido:isl:i:oll,itifgl'riei,.c:.lf' :. '''l i l it eC i Pti t ir e l:ti n tli t a i".tI b 'loi l : e lltil:::8111:17ei 4ilgeb o el f .l aii: !:: e le(' :; c ;ll o °c4 l )l l l'6'c a :lls.l:ite' .' it':-r'il l i t ler l; e4jilj e eref::::::s: ,Pe. in consequence labourersr were employed in enittiViloor, rub r, and filling op a chasm made by the . 00 ,i be e n a sudden, a hill of sand rolled (10°1 .41f 1 e,,551- , ~ the City of London will be 1101(1°0000•r, 'for the the trials of assalilts,- 110101)0,4r 00J ! jo burenitnieoalf,otlfoirote e lec:r d .:afat i ttg. i eith e icgirceic s ciit d toeini, ri ocinvi y n,ovlcebr.s t ,te l i i ii,, e tsine S hgg e nocT s mi,: s ics,, i ,o o 3:; t rii l .,:.ii s cb::l 6 :at t ticot Y s, , t l ( i .t c .e c ti,: lt :l l : mine - about w t al h l nV l in Between Tuesday night antl I S , ell ; t o bi oirk‘l orit t , 1 I OP/ Oat o,g.,last , eleven felons fount, ta'':n or. 'p of Chelmsford gaol, and Wise ine'roopoll,:l`,:e d Gaol Delivery, will 000' ~.1 ; them were ' under sentence c' f ,pane'trrioa ~t 4 taken. fel (WS :9, A very ! s - Geol.,' says a }, , I , A . retied ~. aper, in the Pas. 501'00 ,10,11) frantic young man, scarcely 16, "r 491,0 lasilc9„111 return antic passion for a girl Of 1 5, ``.,'"gperete 100 ought,._o to have been' iii:lselgelcs°(tif,init'i'ecuee'":lttie°;:aPti:aPcilie;:li, 0 tiring house, where he cotild See tliel;!S , t ll of the young lady ; end, ascent- tt,to, iiogt" r 10 0 ' story, blew . .in prec l P l ll' , from 011 t his bra° tlii window. lens At vo. a; ~t One of the ACidtiCS in the pr 0060. 0„i,; L the seat of t he fluke a IVIABL00°,40:1111::11,1e, I') I' " "it° on the night of Stio(l4 5 ' le o tlig. r ‘.o 4 brace of which were carried ou'li r ,g ~,, II I ,', g°itl and seven silver pheasants allsc, V II .0 supposed to be sent to Loild,°°' has o''' ‘) ll ''' 4 ti Oil Good Friday foto or five - ' c,it.,! erc 'toe troop of tumblers, conjorori4lfigiatric,i pt ConteCOmmitted tO Britlewell ilooioo tf to enliven the sports of ;14010 d,:ifi4 a.U. improp .exercise of their 60'0 'lr.(' divine serverice .--(Liverpool Ada"' 0000.:, froil Saturday se'nnight, shout lell reilionAoik' monk, Taunion market, he was attaeli,e,",lo,o tool o. brook and his imilie by IWO .felliorse,, i!,jeljili'l dresses, who. pulled blot Off 'lO,OlO, ol:pl butcher, of Thorn, ws!, hcote,et'aild,ii, cruelty beating him with b111":"1, did r ‘ 1 ,../ of between 51. and 61. with %Ole ..,...---- ,1 ----:—L---"----- *------ "j'. -........-... 00 , litralts. , to Pon ailio Yesterday w‘orning, -the Latly COP' „,,i') sou, in All' 4• t, ,j, o f ~ , in p 6 mown- slk C • , . be se. 41,,fr In Fitzwilliaw-iiquare, Pablin:` R°Yal Navy, of .410 "ear" .71 On the ad lust•Mrs.Todd, of Ali)" ~...." 1 y of g daughte . . ~. _._ -,------' ' ttol ) d i le ' Lulorf:,::rt.D.--ti-:v!!ti-i!L:7!:°:::YI:t! tllkrY, to g'aral ,gnat eldest ti3uFhtL a' ,b • of • 'Ay s'f 11,,:), ~p , At Gretna Green, on 1.•.1•10''' , 3 j le .; Lethbridge, Esq. son of. lll,`'"' , f ,f,il6:ili'' Bart. Of TauntoO, to Miss M.,'nua. p 4. 0 , tf) ; 1.1.0. 0, Lately, Edotond Gibson Atherlq:l,,i,,ter.olojerls'o)loll:9l barrister -at-law to Jane, thirtt o 40, (.1 1, 4 110, 4 v I Edward Stanley:Esq. of Poni,oVi, pit: °„,, llc l, JP. . 'foil On Thur§ay, 17.. Lloyd Wiiliftti; of ~e to Porotheoi the yoongef 44"" , „tic riroot,,„v Uttoxeter, Stafforcish ire. ,t IMAcice'pl'e", fin`.,,, Edinburgh, on tile 29th 0 ` i o i' s l -140 P , Criptaiti in the 75th regirnattf files. Macleod, daughter of tiie le° 4 Harris. .0 . 0 , , DISPi-roal"" l',A,t' o#, , On ilic 6th of March lastogito,,e,lol,,bed, 0 ,t , , : 1 04 O F I °I N6i40111, General Mney, , „r o f ',is:Toff:4oi i ulanrY Cavalry, ln the Viti1‘,,7,1,, llr!bii,bi ittP4o' At fburso, 0 11 the 224. L ' t ~Iler ur , .9 ° o l' W. 11. Torrettie, f,-$4. CooP 1 „, 4 jAtVi,, tV I there. . 0 , ir 4 ft4'f94' ,titl-' Ou the 4tu inst, at GaiosUr. ~. 10 , • t oity oat , ,,d. i On Sunday, at Datli,Jeve .. toss 0 0 . te , of his age. freet,filaill Ott Nlonday, in CanDoal'iN,, 1% 1, :„,....,-.,...----.0,7:.,ir• or ,Saute day, at liarnpst63", '-,,1 '' 0 ---"-- Or" • ' if tl }....-.."'''.......................,- _ . ..,.. 6.. LONDON : Printed ►ll3',Jaii'ly skr.,flroot, ~,oe buildinits; and fillhli'n4 li g, Aa !' 11 ) °11 at the Strs.-Otricr, ea % f.,ast-i ' *tents, Orders, Lett ‘r I •4 1 ii