The Sun. — London, England, 1840-09-16 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION. the Ayuntamiento and in the Calle Mayor, it presented to the military authority an apparent mass very supe rior to that of the garrison, upon which the latter could rely for re-establishing order and for causing the Ayun tamiento to return to its duty ; and notwithstanding that only a small portion of the said militia acted hos tilely, and could be supposed to adhere to the project of revolution, vet as some individuals of the battalion Del Rey bad failed in the performance of their duty, and ia order to avert the bad effects that might possibly have been produced by a collision before having com pletely verified the events, and before having sufficient force to make himself respected in all events, the Cap tain-General determined on placing himself, with the garrison, at the Retiro, where he remained when the express was sent off by the Under Secretary at War, who prudently declined to accede to an invitation from the Ayuntamiento to attend the permanent sitting into which they had constituted themselves. " Such are the occurrences of the Ist instant at Madrid, as appears from the above communication. Her Majesty's Government, which has hitherto so acted as not to swerve one fraction from the circle of its le gal qualifications, and which has not given, nor will give in future, the slightest motive for the appearance of foundation, or of credibility for the false pretext under which the Ayuntamiento of Madrid has attempted to raise the banner of revolution, considers itself bound most strictly to stay with a strong hand the serious evils which so criminal an act might produce, not only in Madrid, but in the whole kingdom ; and being resolved to fulfil its duty to the uttermost, is occupied at this moment in adopting the most energetic and efficacious measures, in order to cause the re-establishment in Madrid, as the centre of the Monarchy, of public order, without which no Government is possible ; and in order to ensure tranquillity in such a manner as to deprive the promoters of disturbances of the slightest hope of being able again to disturb that tranquillity. In bringing all this to your Excellency's know ledge for your due information, her Majesty orders me to confide to you, as I now do, the maintenance of tran quillity in the province under your command, being per suaded that you win employ for this purpose all the means within your reach, and on the understanding that your Excellency is held to adopt such measures under your strictest responsibility. " A l which I communicate to your Excellency by Royal order, and in accordance with the Ministers v ho are here, for your information and strict completion." The political chief of Valencia, in promulgating the above Royal orders, states that— The legitimately-constituted authorities promise themselves that, far from there being enacted in that city or in any other part whatever of the province, scenes similar to these which unhappily were witnessed in Madrid on the Ist instant, the population of Valencia will give fresh proofs of their loyalty and adhesion to their beloved Queen Isabel 11., to her august mother, who is also the mother of the Spaniards, and to the Constituti , n of 1837 ; preserving complete tranquillity, and proving their submission to the laws, which are the only means of insuring peace, and of consolidating the constitutional monarchy, on which depends the happiness of the people. " The Government and its delegates are on the alert for the maintenance of the respect due to the throne, and to the existing institutions, against any attempt at sedition, or munity, which, under whatever pretext it may be made, is always a real attack upon the Con stitution. " Let, then, all good citizens repose in the confidence that the authorities will, in case of need, decidedly give theiso the protection and support they are bound to afford them in the name of her Majesty, and of the law. " Signed by the political chief, "JOSE MARCH 1" LABOUS." " Valencia, Sept. 4, 1840." SEPTEMBER 8. Yesterday the Mazeppa steamer arrived from Valen cia, having on board Brigadier Parriagua, second chief of General O'Donnell's staff, who was the bearer of despatches for the Duke de la Victoria, the contents of which have not transpired ; it is to be presumed. how ever, that seeing the alarming consequences of the ill advised measures the Queen -Regent has sanctioned, she has had recourse, at tile eleventh hour, to the loyalty and patriotism of the Duke. Brigadier Parriagua will return today to Valencia, I understand. From the sources of information within my reach, I am enabled to state that he is the bearer of a respectful representation from the Duke to her Maesty, recommending the only course he conceives she can adopt for putting an end to the very critical situation in which she has placed herself', by persisting to turn a deaf ear to the voice of the people and that of the real friends of the constitutional monarchy. It is easy to conceive that this recommended course consists in the immediate formation of a really liberal adminis tration ; and the withdrawal or suspension, until it can be legally repealed by a Cortes elected under the altered circumstances of the country, now that it is completely cleared of the Carlists, of the municipal law, so hastily and imprudently sanctioned by her Maiesty. I will not attempt to predict what may be the Queen. Regent's decision ; fir really so much pertinacity has been displayed by that personage, so total a blindness to her real position, and that of the country—such a want of consideration for the respectful advice of the upright, loyal, and patriotic Duke, who has had no other view in his military and all other proceedings than that of fixing the crown firmly on his Sovereign's brow by means of its constitutional support, that one must be prepared for a continuance of this pertinacity. Nevertheless, what other course has her Majesty to adopt but to listen to the Duke's advice Upon posi tive intelligence being received at Madrid that the re signation of Senors Ferraz, Onis, and Cabello, who re presented the rationally liberal portion of the Spanish nation had been accepted ; and it appearing by the offi cial notification in the Gazette that another Adminis tration had Iseen appointed, composed either of nullities or of persons whose despotic prtnciples were well known, the Ayuntamiento of Madrid—" the centre of the mo narchy," to use the words of the Minister of War in his despatch to General O'Donnell—supported by the Na tional Guard, augmented by the greater part of the garrison, and by several general officers, and in conjunc tion with the provincial deputation, took possession of the capital, and nominated seven highly respec table individuals, as a provincial junta of Govern ment, to " act as a local Government until her Ma jesty, having become well convinced of the critical cir cumstances of the country, shall be pleased to appoint a constitutional Ministry corresponding to the wishes of the nation." This provincial junta, in its proclamation. says that it is " determined to save the constitutiona. institutions, the throne of Isabel 11., and the nationa l independence, against the traitors who are attempti ng to construct upon their ruins the edifice of tyranny. Saragossa has pronounced itself in the same sense ; Barcelona has responded to the appeal of the authorities of Madrid. Cadiz has pronounced itself ; and the spirit of resistance to the illegal and unnational measures evi dently in contemplation, is general throughout the coun try, and will produce the same strong effect everywhere. If the Queen Regent, therefore, be desirous of pre serving her own high position, or of securing the con stitutional crown on her daughter's head, after so much blood has been spilt in support of it, she will at once yield to the public voice so emphatically expressed ; and to that of her best adviser, the Duke tie la Victoria. SOUTH AMERICAN LOANS. A letter, in the form of a pamphlet, has been ad dressed to Mr. G. R. Robinson, as ,Chairman of the Committee of Spanish American Bondholders, on the present state of the South American loans. The writer, Mr. R. C. Wylie, a member of the Commit tee, embodies in this publication a condensed history of the loans in quastion, from the period of their creation down to the present time, with a development of the resources of each, and various indications and circum stances, from which may be gathered some notion of the ability and disposition of the borrowing States to pro ceed to the honest di s ch arge o f th e di v id e nds upo n th e m. 7N . lr. Wyllie has e vid en tly p a id t h e mos t p a ti en t atten tion to the subj ec t, an d as h e h as the advantage of pos sessing great practical aptitude as a financier, and having passed muc h o f hi s time among the Spanish Americans, it cou ld h ar dl y happen but that the task he has imposed upon himself o should have been well performed. M r . Wyllle's exposition f of the financial condition of Spai n , introduced into nond nheoovhteihl. e e rs, se .is co a n d m a r s e t po rl r y t of the Committee of Spanish r t e s document, and one whi c h ought er olost h t s ght of when propositions for fresh loans of foreign have . for ward by that or any other country. He con ceived the greatest disgust at the sy st e em rns oan jobbing that has at long been carr i e d on at o the ex pense pense of the English people, and if we appreciate his motives correctly , it wi ll not b e his fault if any e niState which has shown the want of principle that Spin, Por tugal, and the Sou th American States hav e d one, and the overgerged c ontractors who have seconded th em , are not effectually stopped in theiriniquitous proceedings, T o us it has always been a matter of astonishment that go nefarious a system should have been permitted to take rost in an enlightened community, but our astonish ment increases when we come to think of the extent to which it has been pushed. Impunity has, however, given confidence to the pe o p le implicated in it, and the public are, as we see, insulted by the establishment of agencies in the British metropolis on the part of G;/ern-nerds, by whom they have been so unmercifully plundered, through the medium of which they may continue their depredations whenever the o pp ortunit y is atyorded. Mr. Wyllie snakes the gross am ount of capital involved i n th e S ou th American loans, with the dividends due upon them, upwards of 34} millions , in cluding six millions applicable to Brazil ; the annual in terest of whi c h i s b ut little short of two m illi ons . Th.. , Brazilians have, thus f ar , me t th e i r engag ements with is us, and Mexico beginning to do something, though certainly not much, tow a rds a liquidation of her arrears ; but the hOlk of that irretrievably lost to the unfortunate would appear to be almost Spain nanodrtunate lenders, and, adding the sums owing by defraudedrnrniibi Portugal, n the space of a the total of which the nation has been i, very few years only The mezican clo indeed—perhaps vernin not t punch under 100 millions. have adhered punctually to the late arrangement made for the reception of the coupons of the foreign bondholders at the Custom-houses of Vera Cruz and Tampico as cash, in payment of duties, and Mr. Wyllie does not omit to dweA upon the circumstance with ex pres-ions of well-merited a pprobation. Mexico has had difficulties to conten d with from which the rest of the Spanish American colonies have been exempt, yet has she been the first—the only one—to come forward and make reparation to those foreign friends who assisted the whole of the number with their purses in the ac complishment of the great political changes which they had deemed so essential to their welfare. In contrast to the laudable course taken by the Mexican Govern ment, Mr. Wyllie enters upon a short review of the con i duct of the Governments of Chili, Peru, Buenos Ayres, Equator, New Granada,Venezuela, and Guatemala, that of Chili, as the most shameless of the whole, being the first considered. He has discovered that the discussions respecting the rights of the bondholders are carefully excluded from the public in these States, and has, there fore, been at the pains of publishing his opinions con cerning them in Spanish as well as English for distri• bution abroad. The political economists of the new world are challenged in their own idiom, in the name of the English bondholders, to justify, if they are able, the beggarly offers of composition that have been made by their respective Governments, upon the precedent of any nation similarly situated in past history—upon any ana logy in the laws of bankruptcy, as between man and man —or upon any principle of good policy, public morality, justice, er religious obligation. It is added, that " in pri vate life, any one possessed relatively of such assets, and these so progressively improving as even the poorest of the young republics named, and attempting to com pound with his creditors, even upon the most favourable terms offered by any of them, would not only fail in his object, but remain ever afterwards a marked man, ex cluded from the society of honourable citizens, and sus pected in his dealings as a cheat." This is of Course said by way of illustration only, as, in point of insol vency, no parallel can exist between individuals and na tions, for the latter ought never to become bankrupts, and least of all when their revenues are but in pro rpress of development, and their pop ulation and pins crity visibly on the increase. Mr. Wyllie concludes his letter with some observations which, being as just as \they are severe, arc highly calcu lated to rouse the de faulters to a sense of the disgraceful attitude in which they have placed themselves before the world. The South American Governmsnts have been basely attempting to trick or frighten their English creditors into a surrender of their claims. This it is clearly the purpose of Mr. Wyllie, aided by the Committee, to pre. vent. Let them (the creditors) look carefully into the details he has prepared for their consideration. They present every encouragement for firmness, and, although the bond for which they may have given 801. or 901. fifteen years back will now, in consequence of the scan dalous breaches of faith committed to their prejudice, fetch no more, with the heavy arrear of interest ac crued upon it, than from 15/. to 201., the day of reckon ing must eventually come. If we have spoken of the mass of debts as almost beyond the reach of recovery, we have done so in a condi , ional sense only. If such be the determination of the country, an honest settle ment of their claims is not only not a matter of doubt and difficulty, but it is scared) one of time even. — Pas t. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNA FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY, (From the Courier.) A keen controversy is being carried on by two of our Evening Contemporaries as to the means, which at the present conjuncture of affairs at home and abroad, might be adopted with safety and likelihood of success for allaying, if not completely extinguishing, that spirit of fierce and baneful agitation which is raging in Ireland. Now whatever diversity of opinion may prevail with regard to the precise line of conduct Ministers ought to pursue for the purpose of effecting so desirable an object as the suppression of Repeal agitation, there can, we think, be but one opinion entertained by impartial observers, and that one of unqualified disapprobation of the impolicy, riot to say guiltiness, of the course they have hitherto adopted regarding it, characterised as that has been by a slavish submission on their parts to the will, and cul pable connivance at the designs of the originator of the mischievous and treasonable project. It may be, as the evening organ of the Government intimates, that any attempt at checking its progress would be attended with danger to the public peace, and that interference would aggravate to mischief those now "harmlessly" engaged in exciting seditious feelings amongst their countrymen ; if that were always the rule, bow did it happen, we should like to know, that a similar course had not been last year adopted towards Chartism and Chartist agitation ? But history furnishes us with a still more forcible and unequivocal proof that the " dignified abstinence" main tained by the Irish Government on the subject of Repeal agitation, is solely ascribable to the necessities of the Whig Cabinet, and the precariousness of its position ; for when agitation for such a purpose, and with such ,ivowed objects, was first started in 1831, the Whigs of that day (how changed!) denounced it, issued Royal Proclamations against it, indicted, ay and convicted on charges of sedition, the arch-agitator end his accomplices—and finally succeeded, by the use of these stringent and vigorous measures, ,n suppressing it. Can a stronger case of culpable neglect, or a contrast that involves greater turpi tude and degeneracy, be imagined than what these facts, when compared with their present course of conduct, establ.sh against them? The character, origin, and aim, of that system of agitation which threatens to con vulse Ireland, and fire the great bulk of her popu lation with feelings of hatred and hostility against this country, are identically the same at the moment we write, as they were when Lord Anglesey filled the of fice of Viceroy, and indignantly denounced its authors and abettors. The very persons that were then dragged to the bar of justice, who, with the hope of escaping the penalty, pleaded guilty to a violation of the law, are the same that are now engaged in prosecuting the revived scheme of Repeal: and yet how different is the treatment they now experience from aWhig Government to that which then thwarted their purposes and baffled their designs. Now the Whig Government maintains a dogged and sullen silence—then it took the earliest opportunity and most efficacious means of denouncing, the wicked confederacy, and of expressing its determi nation to crush it, even though the effort might pro voke a civil war. What a painful and degrading contrast between the vigour of Lord Anglesey's Irish Adminis tration, and the weakness and timidity of Lord Ebring ton's ! but not a whit more degrading or more striking than the difference between the mode the Grey Cabinet adopted of manifesting its insuperable abhorrence to Repeal agitation, and its determination to subdue it at any cost or risk, and the paltry and cowardly course pursued under precisely similar circumstances by Lord Melboerne and his colleagues. (From the Globe.) The Manchester Chronicle contains a very long report of a great Protestant meeting, held in that town, at which a clergyman (the Rev. Mr. Hall) presided. That the speakers might be in no danger of interruption, but that they might hive it all their own way, and thus send forth to the world, uncontradicted, the inflam matory statements they made to the assembly, and which they expressed themselves most amusingly an 'Liens should be printed and published, the necessary precaution was taken, and " the admission to the Exchange was by tickets only ; for the purpose," says the report, "of preventing the admission of improper characters ; there being at the same time an understood pledge that the parties to whom they were delivered would refrain from addressing the meeting, or in any way conducting themselves so as to cause disturbance or confusion, a precaution rendered necessary by former proceedings at public meetings held at the Corn Exchange with similar objects." The Rev. T. D. Gregg was the great gun of this meeting, and fully sustained his reputation as the most in veterate vilifier of Roman Catholicism who ever ap peared on that or any other stage. Having alluded to • the prevalence of commercial distress in Manchester and in other [arts of the kingdom, he had the temerity to attribute this calamity, the source of so much privation and suffering among the labouring classes, on which he dwelt for a considerable time,to the displeasure of Heaven (loon the land and its rulers for their toleration of Popery ; and having read the curses denounced by Moses against the Israelites, as the punishments of (Es ' obedience, actually paraphrased and applied those de nunciations to England and Ireland ; and insisted that all those evils were in course of being poured out upon those nations, and could only be averted by the exter mination of Popery ! Of all the approaches to a blas phemous accommodation and perversion of sacred writ which it has been our lot to hear or read, whether from the lips or pens of the most wild fanatics or the most inveterate infidels, we never read any composi tion more calculated to lower the dignity and pollute the sanctity of Scripture, than is this rhapsody of the Rev. T. D. Gregg. The design of this incendiary paraphrase was as opposed to the purpose of the sacred wrAer as it was at variance with the func tions of the ranting bigot, who thus desecrated the office and influence of a Christian minister, when e \, rn ivv p he l as o tt y mw in go g oo: d the be worstothstota, passions, the cause of faction, by iss ld i . o , ns an in d thel res g e j arb eu o rn f a l l t s ol w in h e i s c s h . b:azon forth imprudent and indefensible expressions, uttered by som e bi gotte d an d b esotted Papist against the Protestant Church, say, if they found in any such speech, such language, ?mantis nuttandis,as the following, which the Rev. T. D. Gregg used in the speech before us ?—" Popish chapels are t h e rendezvous o „ f criminals ; there murders are contrived and concocted t Popery is an abomination ; offensive in the sight of God, and destructive to mankind, and the cause of all the mi series in Ireland."—".The priests continue to maintain their sway by darkness and terrorism." We might multiply extracts, containing expr ess i ons equa ll y offen sive and irritating, because applied to that for which every man, whatever be his creed, professes a strong at tachment—the religion on which he founds his hopes of happiness hereafter, and the affection for the persons and character of time minister on whose inteructious h g relies as worthy his attention and regard, THE SUN, IMNDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1840 (From the Standard.) We published in yesterday's Standard a correspon dence between the Duke of Sussex and General Espar tero, which is not unworthy of attention at the present moment. The letter of his Royal Highness professed, it will have been seen, to transmit to General Espartero, " as a mark of the high esteem of her Majesty for his person," and as a pledge of her approbation "of his loyal conduct to his Sovereign," and his " absolute devotion to his country," the " very honourable military order of the Bath ;" and the Royal Duke further took upon himself to " express the esteem and admiration with which her Majesty's Government views his (Espartero's) military and poli tical career." " Your name," says his Royal Highness, " is always spoken of with praise in England ; and all your public actions (and they are numerous) are distinguished as being the wo►k of a faithful sub ject, of a true patriot, of a man of honour, r nil of a General as skilful as he is distinguished." We shall not follow the Royal Duke through the rest of his epistle, but it may not be amiss to remind our readers that this " honourable man" was the chief sub orner of the treachery of Maroto—that his military skill is best explained by a reference to his operations against the youthful Cabrera and his followers—th it his " estimable character" may be briefly defined by ascertaining the number of Carlist victims (witness the 220 officers, men, women, and children, shot in cold blood for their heroic defence of Collado), sacrificed by his orders or under his countenance ; whilst of his loyalty the arrivals from Spain, which we have lately given, will, we presume, afford abundant evidence. If not, the telegraphic dispatch from Madrid, contained in the ,Vloniteur Parisien of Saturday evening, will, we suppose, be considered sufficient. This " loyal" and " estimable" General has already ap peared in open rebellion against his Queen, and is beyond all doubt at the bottom of the late insur rection. He has moreover published a manifesto, for the purpose of making known the conditions on which alone he consents to obey his Royal mistress's orders. He exacts from her, as the price of that " loyalty " so much eulogised by the Duke of Sussex, the re vocation of the municipal law, the dissolution of the Cortes, and the dismissal of her Ministers ! This bears some sort of analogy to the " loyalty" of Mr. O'Connell to her Majesty the Queen of England, which depends, it would seem, on her consent to the dismemberment of her empire, and the prostration of the national religion. The Queen Regent of Spain quitted Barcelona for Valencia, to avoid the exuberant loyalty of " this esteemed favourite of her Britannic Majesty and her Ministers." The " patriotic Gene ral" and " loyal subject" rewarded for the emi nent possession of these high qualities by the Grand Cross of the Bath is thus virtually the dictator of Spain, as O'Connell is that of England. We find the former of this brace of charlatans prating in his letter to his Grace of Sussex of " his cordial senti ments for his Queen," at the very moment that he is organizing a rebellion against her, which may de prive her of her throne. In like manner we have the astute mendicant, O'Connell, preaching his affectionate loyalty to her Majesty, at the very moment that he is engaged in the most treasonable efforts to dismember her empire. Nay, the coin cidence does not stop here. Both heroes are the objects of the undisguised reverence and affectionate" respect of their Queen's Ministers, and both are equally deserving of their good opi nion. If the Queen Regent of Spain attempts a contest with the armies of her " loyal" subject Espartero, and the National Guards who have been revolutionised by his emissaries, she will have to deal with considerable odds. If the former succeeds in his dictation, Queen Isabella will either be dethroned bylthe amiable protege of her Britannic Majesty, or will be the mere Queen of a nominal sceptre. DEFECTS OF THE LITANY. ERRORS OF THE CHURCH, REFORMATION OF THE LITURGY, &c. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin —May I beg the favour of you to insert in The Sun the following extract from a work printed and pub lished nearly seventy years ago. The learned Bishop Bull confesses, " In the first and best ages the Churches of' Christ directed all their prayers, according to Scripture, to God only, through the alone mediation of Jesus Christ."—Bishop Bull's Answer to the Bishop of Meaux. And, in another place, " It is to be observed, that in the Clementine Liturgy (so called), which is by the learned, on all hands, confessed to be very ancient, and to contain the order of worship observed in the Churches before the times of the Emperor Constantine, all the prayers are directed to God, in the name of his son Jesus Christ."—Bishop Bull's Discoursc,c. It was a great unhappiness and oversight, that when our forefathers shook off the yoke of the Bishop of Rome they retained so much of the Roman ritual, its creeds, and forms of worship ; and that, as the compilers of the liturgy, in the office for ordaining priests, exhort continually to pray to God the Father, by the media tion of our only Saviour Jesus Christ, fur the heavenly assistance of the Holy Ghost, that this sound and scriptural directory for worship was not, as it ought to have been, universally adhered to by themselves. The litany, more than any other of the offices of de votion in our Church, seems to deviate most widely from this rule of Christian worship, and to require a total reformation. For in this 1. God the Father of Heaven is invoked. 2. Then follow three several invocations of God the Son, Gad the Holy Ghost, and the Holy Trinity. All three directly contrary to what Bishop Bull above de clares to have been the practice of the Church in the first and best ages, and the rule of the Holy Scriptures. 3. Next follow several addresses to Christ by him self: And after that, 4. " We sinners do beseech thee to hear u', 0 Lord God," would seem to be directed to God the Father. 5. Then, after a certain space, follow many invocations of the Son, as Lamb of God, Christ, Lord, (S-c. 6. Then we turn off all at once, and address ourselves to the Father. 7. Then we return again to the Son, and renew our address to him in several invocations. 8. Presently after we go back, and say, We humbly beseech thee, 0 Father. And, 9. In the very next address, as placed in this office, we resume our devotions once more to, Christ, in the prayer of St. Chrysostom.* Is there anything in Holy Scripture to countenance this variety of address, and shifting and changing from one object of worship to another ? Can this in any shape be construed into a right worship of the One In finite, Eternal Mind, the wise and good Parent of the Universe ? I remain, Sir, Your obedient servant, A FRIEND TO RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. Bath, Sept. 11. ' See " Candid Disquisitions," pp. 324, 325. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—The ordinary meeting was held on Tuesday afternoon, Dr. Henderson, V. P., in the chair. The show of flowers and fruits was not very extensive, but there were some good specimens. Mr. B. Fielder, gardener to W. Linwood, Esq., exhi bited a Moscow queen pine-apple, weighing 4ib. Boz. ; and Mr. Buck, of Blackheath, some fruited plants in pots of Deccan grapes. There was a good collection of fruits from the gardens of :he Society, the most prominent of which was a new Bigurrean cherry, which was considered the latest of the firm fleshed of this fruit ; a new plum, named Downton's Imperatrice, one of the last raised by the late President of the Society ; and the original plum which produces the German prunes, with six new varieties of pears and eight of apples. There was a good show of flowers, among which was an ipomcea from Mr. Lee, of Hammersmith; and a new stylidium and bororica from Mr. Low, of Clapton. From Mr. Christie, of the Clap ham-road, was a large specimen of a flower of cereus triangularis, which, although white, a great deal resem bled the night-blowing cereus, from coming into bloom in the morning. From Mr. Henderson, of Pineapple place, was a fine plant of asschynanthus ranaocisaimus, and Mr. Browning exhibited a very pretty drawing of flowers on Chinese rice paper, which is, however, but the layer of a tree of the genus Hibiscus. From the gardens of the Society were some fine blooms of dahlias, roses, lupines, a zebra mallow, a dendrobium, an alpine epiphyte, a na tive of the highest part of the Himalayan mountains, with varieties of orchidacecus plants. 'I he prizes awarded wore silver Knightian medals to Mr. Henderson, for his new plant ; and Mr. Fielder, fur his Moscow queen pine apple. Lord Prudhoe was proposed a member, and elected immediately. The extract from the Metercological Re gistor kept at the Gardens, from Ist to 15th September, gave—barometer, highest, Sept 6, 30 . 196 ; lowest, Sept. 14, 29'137. Thermometer, highest, Sept. I, 80 deg., and lowest, Sept. 13, 34 deg. ; and quantity of rain 0 . 82 in. The meeting adjourned to October 6th. RUSSIAN FRONTIER, AUG. 29.—M. Tiloff, the Russian Consul-General for Moldavia and Walla chia, having been sent on a missian to Constantinople, M. Daschkuf is ordered to perform the duties of Consul in the mean time, and is on the point of setting out for Bucharest for that purpose.—AligenieineZeiturl, Sept.lo. A full rehearsal of Sheridan Knowles 's new play took place on Tuesday afternoon at Covent-garden. The principal characters are to be sustained by Miss Ellen Tree, Messrs. Moore, Anderson. acidear, B-indal, Hem ming, &e. It is to be called The Bride of Messina, and is to be brought out on Saturday next. Yesterday the London and Gravesend Sons of the Thames Steam Packet Company gave their friends a treat be an excursion in their fine new bo at, " Father Thames," which left Old Swat) Pier, Londe n-bridge, at half-past nine, and after calling at Greenwic'l, Black all, and Gravesend, arrived at Roe hester-b:id ge at three o'clock, the estimated distance be'ing' seventy to eighty males. After viewing the Medway. Chathrim Dock-yard, and Sheerness, they returned to Blackwull, having en joyed a most pleasant day. The Company did not forget a subscription to the Dreadnought hosrital-s hip, of some. thing more than 101. Father Thames., is 6 tted with two thirty-five horse - p ower en g ines, mark by Mr. Penn of Greenwich, on the same principle as those in the iron boats which run from London-br'idge Chelsea ; the compactness of the engines, and the fine el, -ar open space on the deck thereby afforded, is saw the vessel, and t he s p eed is su p erior to that of the Ruby and Star ; the clea n li.,)4 ss , the admirati on of all who by burning coke in stead of coal, is also a most by Father Thames, 4mPortant advantap .possessed LONDON TRADES' HALL. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—.I had the pleasure, about a fortnight since, of addressing a small article on this important undertaking " To the Editor of The Sun ;" since that time I have looked in vain for its appearance ; not even an acknow ledgment in the list of correspondents has, as far as I am &ware, been vouchsafed to the to convince me of its arrival into the hands of that functionary of your esta blishment, although I took the precaution of leaving it myself to ensure its certain delivery. I took the liberty of addressing your Journal, from an opinion, founded on past experience, that you, as the proprietor of it, was well known to be friendly to the welfare of the working class, in whose behalf I hail with delight the frequent appeals addressed in their behalf in its columns. Presuming on this liberality, 1 flattered myself you would, at this dull season, as it is often called, of news paper existence, indulge the object of a Trades' Hall (whose humble advocate I am), with a little corner in your bright luminary, that the thousands who bask in its beams might be illuminated on its objects and at tempts to create a solid benefit to the trades of London, by building for them and by their own pecuniary »leans, an ample Hall, where, on common ground, they could meet each other at all limes, without reference to their sect or politics, in the bonds of common fellowship. Perhaps I have miscalculated its claims to your sup port ; but still, when I read the lucubrations of tem perance, even to its extreme pints, which sometimes appear in The Sun, I was not without a hope that the Trades' Hall, which seeks to entice men away by hun dreds from the practice and temptations to intemper ance, would have been deemed worthy of being embla zoned to the public eye by the all powerful aid of the Liberal press. It is not now a mere project ;it has gone on for some months ; it has received the support of three or four trades and other bodies, and amidst the drawback of the want of publicity and other obstacles, the shares are being taken up by working men to the extent of nearly 2,000. It has much to contend against certainly—prejudice, lukewarmness, and ignorance, yet. it progresses ; and if the press of the day, who are loud in the vindication of the rights of ►abour, would but be• stow occasionally a word upon its capabilities to meet the wants of the trades of London, it would go on with giant strides, and soon rear its noble fi ont in the centre of the metropolis, to exemplify the spirit of its design as laid down in iis laws, which are enrolled according to Act of Parliament. A capital of 15,000/. cannot require much difficulty to raise amongst the thousands of London mechanics, it they can but look upon the proje:t in its moral and po litical bearing in their behalf. Surely there is scarcely any man to whom,a 11. share can be so much an object when only 2s. 6d. is at present demanded, as_to acknow ledge its value whilst he coolly buttons up his pocket and his will. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, WM. FARREN, Jun. Trades' Hall Office, 16, Old Bailey, Sept. 15, 1810. [We have no recollection of the small article re. ferred to.] IRELAN V. NORTHERN AND EASTERN Lord Morpeth arrived in Dublin on the 12th. Lord Normanby having been obliged to give up his intention of visiting Ireland, in consequence of the state of public affairs, is assailed by the Mail in the worst possible taste. Here is the exquisite paragraph : —" It is announced, on authority, that the meditated visit of Lord Normanby to Ireland has been postponed —sine die. Plague upon those dead cats ! Had we thought it would have come to this, we would have seen them hanged ere we had announced the premium they had risen to ; it has lost us a world of good sport in witnessing an Irish " welcome." What a "Cat mile failthagh 9 has his Lordship escaped—and how nar rowly !" The weather, though misty, hias not been very un favourable to the harvest. It is particularly necessary that the public should he careful in examining bank notes which may have been cut in two parts ere they change them, to see that the halves correspond, as a considerable sum in this way has been lately either lost or stolen while conveying as a mail-coach parcel from a provincial town to a bank in this city. The notes vary in amount, and are the issues of the Bank of Ireland, the National Bank, the Northern Bank, the Belfast Banking Company, and the Ulster Bank. As one side of each is in the posses-ion of the party whose property they are, persons taking the odd halves will of course lose the amount, and any one found endeavouring to pass them will be liable to pre secution.—Pilot. The case of Lessee Augustus Saltem Willett and others v. Lord Huntingdon, Anthony Chearnley, and others, was tried before Judge Perrin and a Special Jury at Waterford Adjourned Assizes last week, when the trial occupied three days, and terminated on Fr:day, in a verdict for the plaintiffs, with costs. The action was to recover the mountain of Kdronan, a veryexten stve tract obtained by Lord Huntingdon on his, mar riage with Miss Power. THE TRAP FISTS IN IRELAND .—MOLInt Melleray, county Waterlord, or the black mountain, as it was called, is now a perfect garden, though recently a bar ren heath, until the Very Rev. Dr. Ryan, Abbot of the Trappsts, and his exited brethren from France, obtained a grant of the tract from Sir John Keane, whose pro perty is since considerably enhanced in value, as nearly all the vicinity is taken by industrious farmers, who, act ing upon the example of the Trappists, have brought into cultivation an expanse of laud for centuries in a winl and barren state. Fields of rich corn and meadow pasture upon well inclosed farms everywhere meet the eye, and the surrounding country presents a most exhi lirating aspect. When Dr. Ryan came into posses sion, he had but Is. 6d. after defraying the expense of himself and his brethren to Mount Melleray. The order located here now consists of eighty-six members, whose dress is a long brown cloak. Their whole time is oc cupied in prayer or field labour, except the period de voted to rest. They retire to their beds at eight in the evening, and rise at two in the morning, throughout the year. Their diet is strictly vegetable, and raised upon their own gardens, never tasting either fish or flesh meat, and no drink but pure water. In such matters they are rigidly austere. The chapel of the establishment is ex quisite:y beautiful, and excites the most enthusiastic admiration of every visitor. The Abbot is most atten tive to all persons resorting there, whether through cu riosity or devotion, and visitors are treated with every hospitality. There have been great numbers this year frem every part of Europe. The community observe the most strict silence, and their farming employment is laborious and almost incessant. RAILWAY. This railway. which forms the first portion of the di rect line from London towards the north of England, via Cambridge, was opened to the public yesterday to Broxbourne, a distance of about 20 miles from London. The Company have made an arrangement with the Eastern Counties Railway Company, by which they are to have the use of the latter line for about three and a half miles from the terminus at Shoreditch. Near the Stratford station the Northern and Eastern line branches off to the left, running in a straight line to the west ward of Tottenham, Edmonton, Ponder's-end and Wal tham Cross to Broxbourne, within about five miles of Hertford and Ware. The line, which is upon the same guage as the Eastern Counties Railway, possesses the peculiar feature of having neither cuttings, embankments, tunnellings, or curves, running for the entire distance of 20 miles, that has been already formed, on a level with the adjacent country. The cost has consequently been little more than 25,0001. per mile, being less than half the average cost of the other lines running out of Lon don. The only inconvenience which appears to us likely to arise from the favourable nature of the ground is the crossing of turnpike and other roads upon thelevel, but as these occur chiefly at the stations, the chances of accidents are thereby diminished. Only one line of rails has been as yet laid down, but the Directors were resolved to take the earliest opportunity of obtaining a return for their money, and it was determined, under the sanction of their able engineer, Mr. Stevenson, that the line should be opened for the public accommodation while the works on the other line of rails were pushed forward with increased vigour. There was no public display at the opening, every thing being conducted in a plain business-like way. The carriages, of which there arc three classes, are fitted up in somewhat a similar manner to those of the Eastern Counties Railway. The first train left. Shoreditch station at eight o'clock amidst the cheers of a large concourse of persons who had assembled to witness the opening, and this was fol lowed by several others throughout the day. The jour ney to Broxbourne was performed in about three quar ters of an hour, and, notwithstanding the hurry and con fusion generally attendant upon an " opening" day, noin convenience or accident took place. About half a mile be yond the juaction with the Eastern Counties Railway, an engine-house and offices on a very extensive scale have been erected. There are neat aed commodious stations at the several halting-places along the line, and that at Broxbourne is extremely handsome. The carriages ap pear to us to run very smoothly and steadily, and the traveller enjoys a pleasing view of the country along the entire route, there being no tunnellings or cuttings to shut out the adjacent scenery, which is exceedingly pic turesqe and beautiful. Epping Forest stretching away to the right, and the suburban villages of Tottenham. Edmonton, Waltham, &c., lying close upon the left of the line. We may add that the fares are moderate, and in th:s the Company appear to us to have exercised a sound discretion. At half-past six in the evening the Directors and a large party of their friends, including Mr. Routh, chair man of the Blackwell Railway, and a number of gentle men connected with the Eastern Counties and other Rail way Companies, sat down to an excellent dinner at the Falcoln Inn, Waltham Cross. The chair was taken by Mr. Crab Shaw, chairman of the Board of Directors, and after the usual toasts of " Her Majesty the Queen, and Prince Albert," " the Army and Navy," &c., had been given and cordially responded to by the company, The CHAIRMAN rose, and called upon the company to fill a high bumper. He congratulated them upon having got thus far upon the line of the Northern and Eastern Railway, although it was true they had yet arrived at but a short stage of their intended route. So sure, however, as the sun rose and act, would the other portions of the line be eventually carried on to the North of England, to a point which would prove highly remunerative to the Shareholders of the present under taking.—(Hear, and cheers.) The point at which the present Company intended to stop was Bishop Stort ford, 31 miles from London, but there was no doubt of its being continued through Cambridge to Leicester, Loughborough, or some more remote terminus ; and at whichever of these points it stopped the increased traffic which it would throw into the London end of the line must be highly advantageous to the interests of the present Company.—(Cheers.) On the present oc casion it was not his intention to say more than that from what they had already seen of a straight, level, cheaply constructed, and cheaply worked line, they would be fully warranted in continuing it as far as Cambridge.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") His statements might, perhaps, have the effect of inducing other parties to become shareholders in the undertaking, but such was not his object. He was content to let it rest upon its own merits until they had arrived at Bishop Stort ford,and then the public would be able to form a more correct estimate of its advantages. They had disasters and difficulties to encounter at the outset, like many other lines, but he did not hesitate to say, from the cheapness with which the line had been con structed, and the small expense at which it coulu be worked, the shareholders would be fully justified in anticipating as large a dividend as any other line out of London could afford to pay.— (Loud cheers.) When it was known that most of the railroads out of London cost from .50 to 60,0001. per mile, while the E istern Counties only cost from 20 to 25 0001., it would be seen that with even half the traffic of the other lines the present Company could afford to pay its proprietors as large a dividend, and when to that was added the cheapness with which it could be worked, their prospects were by no means discouraging.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") He believed the interests of the shareholders were honestly and zealously attended to, and he could an swer for his brother Directors and himself that their sole object was the promotion of the welfare of the Company. In that they were well seconded by his friend at the bottom of the table (Mr. Till, the Secre tary), to whose zeal, honour, and integrity he felt much pleasure in bearing testimony.—(Hear, hear.) There was another point to which he wished to allude, although it might, perhaps, be a little premature. It was not their intention to spend money if they could avoid it, but, on the contrary, the moment they had a sum in hand which was worth the acceptance of the proprietors, they would call them together and divide it ; and if it was in his power he would endeavour to introduce a system of quarterly dividends.—(Hear, and cheers.) He would give them, in conclusion, " Prosperity to the Northern and Eastern Railway Company."—(Cheers.) Mr. ALDERMAN HUMPHERY, M.P., had much pleasure in proposing the health of their excellent Chair man, Mr. Crayshaw, in whose zeal and integrity he placed the fullest confidence. He had been connected with the original company which was called the Great Northern Railway, before his friend Mr. Crayshaw joined it, and he regretted that after the large sum of 100,0001. had been subscribed, the project of conveying the line to York had been abandoned. He had little doubt, however, that under the able manage ment of the present Directors a sufficient number of shareholders could be obtained to carry the line, as ori ginally contemplated, to York, and if that were ac complished, they would have more traffic, and their line would pay better than the London and Birmingham line.—(Hear, hear.) He would tell them why he made the statement—the Government appeared to be anxious to have competing lines, and the country was still more anxious to have them established. Under these circumstances they could easily obtain a much better terminus than the Birmingham Railway. They had only to go before Parliament next Session, and obtain an Act to cross Shoreditch, and pass through a property of comparatively little value, into Moorfields. There was a large waste tract of ground called the Artillery Ground, which could be purchased at a small sum—that would give them a terminus in the heart of the City, and not too remote from the West-end of the town. Now, if it were generally known that they could obtain so fine a terminus, and that the Railway could be constructed at so low a rate to York, he had no doubt that their undertaking would speedily become one of the most prosperous of the kind at present in existence.—(Hear, hear.) Knowing well the industry and zeal of their excellent Chairman, and feeling assured that they would not be where they now were without his assistance, he felt mueh pleasure in proposing the health of Mr. Crayshaw.—(Cheers.) The CHAIRMAN briefly returned thanks. He was most grateful for the enthusiastic manner in which they had drank his health, more especially as lie felt, in common with his brother Directors, that he had done nothing but his duty. He had never gone to the right or the left, and if he had committed any er rors they had arisen solely from want of judgment. He regretted that they had not a larger supply of en gines and carriages on the line, but that inconvenience would speedily be remedied—(Hear, hear)—and, al though at the onset he had objected to their opening the line so soon, he was now happy to find that every thing had passed off in the most orderly and excellent manner, and that their inconveniences were not greater than those usually ex perienced on a maiden day.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. Till's report of their traffic was extremely favourable, and he placed the greatest confidence in their Secretary's cal culations. Although their shares were now at a dis count, he had not the slightest doubt that if the parties who held them would only hold them through the winter, they would, before twelve months elapsed, be at a very handsome premium.—(Loud cheers.) Mr. WILLIAMS, after pronouncing a high eulogium upon the zeal and activity of the individuals composing that body, gave the healths of the Directors of the Nor thern and Eastern Rail.vay Company. The toast was drunk with much applause. Prosperity to the Eastern Counties Railway; th e health of the Engineer, Mr. Robert Stephenson ; the Secretary, Mr. Till ; and several other toasts, were af terwards drank, and the company separated at ten o'clock, highly gratified with the proceedings of the day. riors. Miss Gcorgiana Maria Knox, second (laughter of the lion. John Henry and Lady Arahella Knox, and niece to the Earls of Ranfurly and Kilmorey, di e d at Swansea, South \Vales, on Thursday last. Iliss Knox WaS in her sixteenth year, e - - -- THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN. UNDER the MANAGEMENT of MADAME VESTRIS. THIS EVENING, SEPT. 16. Will be presented Shakspere's Comedy (with Music) of THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR. Sir John Falstaff, Mr. Bartley ; Master Slender, Mr. C. Ma thews; Ford, Mr. Cooper; Fenton, Mr. Binge; Mrs. Ford , Mrs.•Nisbett ; Mrs. Page, Madame Vestris; Anu Page. Miss Rainforth, Mrs. Quickly, Mrs. C. Jones. Ts conclude with ar' Original Comic, Romantic, Operatic, Melodramatic, Fairy Extravaganza, in Three Parts, entitled end founded on that popular Nursery Tale, THE SLEEPING BEAUTY IN THE WOOD. Mr. J. Principallan Madame Characters by res r Vestris, 11. 111 1 i i ss a" l e l y ain 3 ft l i- r t . h j' A N l T r i s nin t !ones, &c. &c. On Thursday, The Rivals, with the Sleeping Beauty. On Friday, the Merry Wives of Windsor, with the Sleep ing Beauty. Dress Boxes, 7s. ; Second Price, 3s. 6d.; First and Second Circles, ss. ; Second Price, is. 6d. ; Pit, 35. ; Second Price, ?.s. ; Gallery, Is. Doors to be opened at half-past Six-.—the performances to tommence at Seven o'Clock. Tickets and places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Grogan, at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season 'rickets may be had upon application. Private Boxes to be had ro'ely of Mr. Andrews, bookseller, i !67, New Bond-street. --------. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Another New Drama, Revival of " The Law of the Land," and Ninth Week of Haines' " Jane of the Hatchet." Upwards of 100,000 persons have already witnessed the grand Tablea ux d'action and military evolutions of the hundred Female War- THIS EVENING. SEPT. 16. Will be acted a New French Drama, entitled THE ITALIAN HUSBAND. After which the Grand Historical Spectacle, of unequalled splendour, entitled JANE OF THE HATCHET. Supported by the entire strength of the Company, and One Hundred Female Warriors. To conclude with THE LAW OF THE LAND. Principal Characters by Messrs. Saville, Hughes, Neville, Smith, and Buckingham, Miss Martin, Miss Grant, and Mrs. Vining. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. EVERY MONDAY, TUESDAY, and THURSDAY. GRAND PROMENADES MUSICALES ET CHAMPETRES, By Godfrey's unrivalled Band. Ile vast Panorama al Fresco of Iceland and its Volcanoes, by Danson—Breaking up of the Ice—Melting of the Snows— Release and Departure of the Discovery Ship. Carter's astonishing " Koniaphostic," or "Lime Light. Eruption of Mount Hecla, with increased magnificence. ADMISSION ONE SHILLING. Feeding Hour of the Carnivora, Five o'Clock. Concert at Five. Eruption at Eight. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE 'ID-MORROW. M minutes after 5 I Evening 2 minutes after 6. 'l he Publication of the Evening Edition of Tim Sort com menced at 20 minutes after Three. A: 7O t,‘ - (- Y! "S• ' t% • " tt e Ar 4 kr. =2,77*, THE HARVEST. The last week, though rough and disagreeable, was very favourable to the harvest. Immense quantities of grain have been housed in this part of the country and in Scotland, whilst in the south and west of Eng land the crops are all safe. We are happy to say that the accounts from Ireland are also very favourable, es pecially as far as the oat and potatoc crops are con cerned. Should we have tolerable weather during the present week, very little grain will remain out in this part of the country. We believe that the result of the harvest will be such as to render any further importa tion of foreign grain unnecessary.—Liverpool Times. During the past week, in an excursion extending about sixty miles, we h ave made observations on the state of the crops throughout portions of Cambridge shire, North Hertfordshire, and 'West Norfolk. Oa the southern side of Cambridge, and in North Hers, we did not observe any corn outstanding. The turnips appeared slightly improved by the late rains. On the road from Cambridge to Littleport, after passing Wa terbeach, we found the farmers in the midst of their oat and bean harvest. It would seem that in West Norfolk, in the neighbourhood of Downham Market, much more rain has fallen than we have been favoured with here. The pastures and turnips looking most lux uriant. 'File oat crops appear very heavy, and we should imagine that by the end of next week the harvest in that part of the country will be nearly finished.— Cambridge Advertiser. Accounts from Newcastle state that the weather dur ing the past week has been vet) , favourable, and the harvest had become general. Considerable progress had been male in leading and stacking, and in various places the reaping had been entirely finished. The accounts received in respect to the quality of the grain are highly satisfactory. TILE TRIAL OF ELIZABIDE FOR MURDER. The defence, ...----z...- - The case o f El za bid e , the hearing of which occu p ied the Court of A ss i zes o f the Gironde three da y s, was brought to a conc l us i o n on the 11th of Se p tember. on the grou n d o f i nsan i t y, and the adv ocate for the pri soner, in the course o f a long address to the j ur y , endea voured to e s t a bli s h t hi s positron by reference to the opi nions ,lof seve ra l phy s i c ians, and to the conclusions advocate parti cu l ar l y ur ged on the consideration of the a medi co -judicial work. In conclusion, the jury the fact that the accused 's g randmother died in a state of complete monomania or imbecility. Nine points were then subniitted to the jury ; one relating to each murdcr, and the remainder in reference to the questions of premeditation and robbery. Atter a deli beration of ab ou t two h o urs and a half, the jury found the prisoner guilty on all the poin ts, and the President of the Court i mme di a tely sentenc ed him to the punish ment of death. During the mained perfectly unmo ved, and, after baying the Court, passing of the se ntence, Elizabede re drank a glass of lemonade and ate some grapes with the greatest possible composure. the ecle l b ' r h a e te b d irt a i t l" \ t ‘ la '%tto o n f Thursday last, when a tits of Chandos was sumptuous dinner w as g iven by th e Duke and Duchess of Buckingham to the neighbouring gentry. His Lordship completed Ilia seventeenth 'e!aornq Zfn> LONDON: WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1840. We regret to see, within these two days, some 'urther accidents on railways. If we refer to them here it is not to exaggerate them, or to depreciate an invention which must, we think, come into general use, but to excite the Directors to greater caution, and induce the public to operate with and on them to the same end. At present, the art is comparatively new, and, whatever may be its ultimate capabilities, great care ought to be em ployed in bringing them forth. After a line has been for some time used—after the engineers are known, from experience, to be steady and trust worthy men after all the many servants of the Company employed to lay down and move the points are well drilled into co-operation--after a continued success war rants confidence, the engines may be driven with great speed ; but in the infancy of every railroad, till the whole crew is well organized, safety should be more studied than velocity. The Eastern Counties Railroad is as yet only in partial operation. The people engaged on it can hardly know one another, and they ought not to think in the first instance of rivalling the speed which has been obtained on the longer established Birmingham or Great Western. With the most friendly feelings to wards these majestic undertakings, we must press on the Directors the necessity of using the greatest care, lest they bring them into disrepute, inflict a serious injury on the shareholders, and retard the progress of the country for half a century. It is hardly our business to advert to the me chanical improvements—such as deeper flanges to confine the carriages on the rail, or any contrivance for the purpose—such as connecting the fore and hind wheels of each carriage by a moveable joint, instead of a fixed bar, by which the friction would be much lessened—such as placing in each car riage a power to cast it loose from the train, or to apply a drag, and impede the pro gress of the whole ; no doubt there are many such contrivances which will contri bute to the security of railways, and will make that mode of travelling the safest as well as the speediest which man has yet invented. None of these, however, could have prevented the latest accident, which seems to have been caused by the want of common care on the part of the engine-driver. We must confine ourselves to the influence of moral improvements ; and as we think the Legislature and the Government can , not be relied on, either to plan them or to enforce them, we are perhaps bound to let no opportunity escape of showing the public how they may effect them. To make the Directors answerable for every damage they may cause will, we believe, be one effectual method of making them careful. They have, as we have before remarked, a strong pecuniary interest in preserving their own carriages from damage, and the more costly they are made the more careful the Directors are likely to be. Very rude people will, out of respr et to their own decent clothes, be much more polite and civil on holidays than on working days. A driver of a massive rough waggon cares for nothing, because his machine can scarcely he injured ; but the owner or driver of a finely painted coach would risk his neck to save it from a scratch. To encourage the Directors to have fine and costly carriages, which will be damaged 1)3 the same mis chance as breaks the necks of the passengers, will tend to make them careful. Whatever moralists may say, the use of luxuries has in many instances tempered the rude passions, and checked the haste and violence of man. As the railway shareholders constitute in gene ral large and opulent bodies of men, some counte racting societies should, perhaps, be formed for individual protection. When an accident causes loss of life, a Coroner's inquest may levy, as a deodand, a large fine on the railway proprietors. The law, which is the power of the community, is then brought to bear against them. But when an individual is only wounded or maimed, owing to the present state of our law, he may find it extremely difficult to obtain rediess against an opulent rail way company. The longest purse may, in such cases, carry the day. We hold it, however, to be essential that the Directors s hould be compelled to make a pecuniary compensation to every person who may be wounded or maimed by the inefficiency or negligence of their servants ; and to insure that, it may perhaps be thought advisable to form a so ciety to enforce reparation. Such a society would operate as an insurance against injury. A small sum subscribed by each of the many thousand persons who travel by railways, to form a fund for exacting by law, nom every railway company, a repara. 1 EVENING E ITION. tion for injuries inflicted by accidents caused by their servants, would, we believe, at once make the Directors use all the care in their power. We are far from saying that precautions of this description would suffice to - put an end to accidents on railways, which must be the result of time, but they would, we believe, contribute much to bring about that result. We repeat, because we . know that self-interest may misconstrue our remarks, that we are warm friends to rail wa y s, and wish them to be so conducted as to mer it public support. The Acadia steam ship has reached Liverpool from Halifax, in ten days, being the Eecond packet of Mr. CUNARD'S line that has accomplished the same feat. We learn from the Nova Scotian that she arrived out in eleven days , aed we see by her log, which that Journal publishes, that the length of each day's voyage was very nearly the same. , when it took twelve or fifteen days to go from the the time of communicating with them is reduced t° the same number of days, may not remain for e ver united to the mother country. They must not, ia" deed, always be treated as colonies, any more than Steam-vessels, t a e l a i c m i - yes coulds el s , in be fact, governed now' perform b y en their 0 Y v o e yreiages g n , across the Altantic with as much certainty mail. coach goes from London to Falmouth. The alteration will be fruitful of political con our sequences. Steam-ships have brought American Colonies nearer to London, in time , than was Dublin or Edinburgh a hundred years ago. If England, Ireland, and Scot ! metropolis to the end of our home territories , wo d ° not see why the North American Colonies, now tha t Scotland and Ireland, but like an integral part 0 the State. The anticipated separation, then, of the Colonies from the mother country, of which so much was said during the last Session of Parliamen t, and which was so confidently predicted by some of civ a t wisest statesmen, such as Loid BROUGHAg an Lord A skIBURTON, is 110 longer a PhYsicai necessity, and will be brought about, if _ at all, by moral, not physical causes. 10128 threatens repeal and separatiox because f' our injustice, growing out, of a political Pre!'" rence of one religion to another ; and the Canada's seem not unlikely to suffer from the same cll . The Church of England is the parent of RePeB and the Church of England will be one main e ause of the separation of the Presbyterians, Catholic!: and Methodists, who inhabit Canada, from t u ts Our ar mother country, whenever that occurs . have conquered both time and space ; but knave, ledge has not yet conquered selfish nes s, nor e n, lightened bigotry. If we could hope for that e °B quest, we might predict that the connection both with Ireland and the Colonies would be eternal* Professor ARNDT, after being shut UP t his fortress for twenty-one years, his strugg les sufferings, and his name almost forgotten, has' learn by the German papers receive d last nih g t ; been restored to liberty. Young men will ask ' w a v. glow' are afraid, in Germany, as they ask in •' - ' n '" rs who is ARNDT ? Four or five an d tweet} Ye ago a professor of his name was th e terror of :I; German Government. He was imprio ned ' t dent s for his misdeeds, but his popularity. The.sbuto. sung his hymns to liberty, repeated h's t h e ing words, and frightened Kings. Frenc h patriotic exertions of the Germans, the they de ,' were driven across the Rhine, and when l mantled their promised reward of a Lib el.° Aun gons , tution, they were answered with stripes, row and fetters. ARNDT, we believe, was one who felt most deeply the faithlessness of the v . of PRUSSIA, and most loudly and eloq uentlY pressed his indignation. For that he was inlP soiled, and for that he has been kept in prison fi)r twenty-one years. The present King of PRuSSI' I has the merit of releasing him, of restoring his t° his Professorship, and of compensating b i° for a part of the pecuniary loss he ha sustained by his imprisonment. But the is rant who confined him, could no more rest°; ARNDT the years of which he deprived him' thiisas he could restore the dead to life. ARNDI ass been robbed of them, and robbed of his fam e 'l i ,„, all human power to give him redress. For en', and he one years he has been dead to Europe, a I , a pt comes forth from his dungeon only for men t ° who is ARNDT ? T he following article appeared in our i "q..., .Edition ° of Monday, but was kept out of our ..--' ew. tn r , Edition to make way for important foreign n evi's ; of To-day the Herald itself states that the lab aur : fi r ., r. every i country are the great consumers of it s - y e , lcutural produce, which almost supersedes th°,iirier cessity of pointing out the consequences of its le r ' article : d ha s We must believe that the Morning Hera' i . n r e a great desire to benefit the labouring classes' theirs' t continually makes a profession of zeal in co b ei tali . ; but its reasoning on the su b j ect is most extraordinary. We give a specimen :--- ;ii the, Tlle Corn-laws, by taxing foreign corn, ves t -de labourers of England a mono )ol of the great tr°tijcir growing food for the rich consumersiY of food alO ng (I t° the e eo n r t i r r c e o n n's consumer That of mono fo i o !. /y . a r n a:l i s ersa.ti raises price o. f roo f all the labour that is Corn-laws, theref of all classes of employed labourers. ' in ure, operate as a tax on b o. amongst our countrymen—a tax operatint,:thafo:r-fp:brotieedhe;°rCr i he:- a la r w tifi s e f i r a o l n s i ta v t i e ol o a f t i he Cora' growing. It is important to preserve the spirit of t i , sa society, like i mbpor tant,th p e r r e e l f :i r i s e 'in t f a f, I,h'heeapriccohrna.lonDeeary o , r i la e b t at which becoming c"fiet (if land, to prevent cornthe benc-nt in em ploYin c e- F,or onnection with the soil—these, in a country li lt . ty ,. if land, are the great tests of the labourer's Pr° s P e h r i l , 'cl3° L ', employme nt a th n the labourer have, corn, in an the d o upirl°cnngt fromrt i o n f ' corn,be i i si n t sru c e o rme n e n tm e o c b t ee i o rr.i n .cody a with f a u l t i h e soil su r h c o f n e - o - io n foors t e: s uch 3 C O ; n ever, inea in r dear to him. No : corn is, th en, dear onlY to the To ) / onlyand corn e d t e h a e r, la i b n o s u u r c e l: . ;circlul,s)rtatanbcie:c.: r t n o jail' the b r e : t I F,o l fr e Whatever causes tend to" to din' in i i ' ' eo n : lish marl!et, and, at the same ch eapentime amount of the English labourer's en;ploPlent :aoe nection with the soil of his native country---thes-iof'' act most injuriously on the English labourer's Conditb 'MI Ve have it admitted in the first par a g i°P a o' o6 the Corn-laws operate as a tax on food, a n t th e the price to the rich consumers of food. 13ti ta poor eat as well as the rich, and, in norti°" pro, it.bo tt their means, cat a great deal more hre aa ' ne ntle ti seven-eighths of the income of the poo r is ex ,,, r of ° on food, while the proportion of the i nc°nl- oy to above them expended on food declines conti°,eti, of the highest rank, where less than one-twetibiteitefore' tax , i , di' the income is expended on food. The weighs proportionally heavy as the incorn e Lot h of minished, and takes away a part, say f° obi le the seven-eighths of the income of the poa' r , t i e top it only takes away a fo urth of one-oven less, of the income of the tich. the he Next, the Herald advocates the tax four co ~,,td i fit of the labourers on land. B e n o t ßutt ear mor e than the half of the labourers ar played in this monopoly, and th e half 1119t t 50 ow 0 61 ployed must be, on the Heral d ' s argutne" for those who are. tato/lents The most strange, however, of a ll the s , 00 or is this :—" It is important to prevent out t he Throng.n.e ta s? labour from becoming cheap." statement, the writer uses these as correhd!vbour, to and to have dear corn is to have dear I ' pot have cheap corn is to have cheap label."'" • 1,0 5 v ery e i g oi l labour is chiefly exchang ed for corn. Se , f co of the income of the labourer is laid 7: 1 1 : 1 ,g pa' To speak in one breath o f both th - o j leet to chased and thing purellasin being deg? A THE NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., OLIVER CROMWELL. AN HISTORICAL ROMANCE. Edited by HOCIACE SMITH, Esq., Author of " Brambletye House," &c. " We promise our readers much amusement in the perusal of this interesting work."—Literary Gizette. " We may commend the battle scenes in this work as about the most spirited and thtillino. since Scott described the ga thering at Louden Hill and Bothwell Brig."—Athenaeum. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. • - 1 ItUti tyro Pie, 1101,