The Sun. — London, England, 1857-12-01 00:00:00

should long since have retired from the unequal strife. But I mither hesitate nor doubt. I never did doubt on the subject since the time when, ten years ago, by my own fireside, with few books and to friends to cons*, I impartially reviewed the Whole monetary question, which even as a boy had engaged my attention, and came to the decision that the most important interests of the country, moral and religious as well as social, were involved in it. (Cheers.) I have faith in my principles. And I have greater faith in the immutable laws of Divine Providence, by which, however long It may be delayed by ignorance and selfishness, ight event ially b ecomes mi g ht. (Loud cheers.) And, therefore, whether I live to see the day or not, when this most unjust and unrighteous system Shall be abolished, I shall have the approval of my Own conscience, that, without regard to personal interest, and without fear of personal consequences, I have humbly endeavoured to do my duty as con cerns this great question as a man, a citizen, and a minister of religion. (Loud and continued ap plause.) The rev. gentleman then made the follow ing motion : "That the Bank Charter, at the time when its main principle viz., the effectual maintenance of cash pay ments, has been tested, having for the second time sig °ally failed, this meeting is of opinion that a complete t e ' i sian of the mo ne t ar y system evtablished by Peel's bills of 1819 and 1844 i s imperatively required.' This motion was seconded by Mr. E. HODGKIN SON, and carried unanimously. It was then proposed by Mr. F. WHITE, and seconded by Mr. ROBERT BAKER, that the petition Which had be en rea d s h ou ld be adopted and Signed. This was put to the meeting, and carried unani piously. A vote of thanks was then passed to the Chair man,L_ and to the Rev. John Twells, who was lis tened to throughout the whole of his lengthened Speech with the greatest attention and interest. To COPT OF THE PETITION. the Honourable the Commons of the United King. dorn of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament assembled. The h um bl e petition of the undersigned, resid i ng at and in the neighbourhood of East Itetford, in the county of Nottingham, Humbly she weth,—That in this country for upwards °f 4 6 years the industrial energies of the people have been largely developed, capital has been extensively accumulated, and science has contributed its powers to subjugate the natural world to man's dominion. That the natural tendency of these causes is to pro mote the permanent Frosperity of a country, and the comfort, contentment, and social and pbysical improve cunt of the people. That nevertheless the condition of the labouring classes during this period has frequently been one of the most severe distress, and that the agricultural, commercial, and manufacturing interests have at intervals of a few years been subject to most serious depression. That your petitioners attribt te these evils principally to the violent contractions and expansions of the currency, caused by the acts of 1819 and 1844, generally known as Peel's Bills, and that they are convince 1 that this Country can never enjoy more than a few years of pros- Parity at a time while those acts remain in force. That with particular reference to the present state of the country, they observe that through all the changes from adversity to prosperity, the latter has always been arrested after the country has enjoyed it for a few years by the of of bullion, by whatever cause that tfilax Was brought about, and the consequent contraction of the currency and the lowering of the price on all corn- Moditiers ; and that on the return of gold the Bank has again issued its notes, and restored prosperity till gold Went out again. That if anything could, under the operation of the present monetary system, secure to this nation the retention of g*,ld and the consequent erj ywent of an ulequate and equable circulating medium, the enormous and unprecedented discoveries of gild in California and Australia wouli have done so. But that, so far from Such having been the case, the monetary crisis under Which the country is now stiff,Ting is believed to be more intense and disastrous than even that in 1847. That the Bank Charter Act having been twice sus pended inits operation at the very time when the prin ciple upon which it was founded—namely, the effectual 'maintenance of cash payments—was put to the test, the act stands self-condemned, and cannot possibly be retained. The main principle of the act having been proved in jurious to the nation, and the carrying out of this prin ciple impracticable, it is respectfully submitted to your honourable house that legal tender notes of 1/. and upwards eJaould be issu-d under the authority of her Majesty the Queen and the Houses of Parliament, receivable for a:1 taxes and convertible at the Bank fcr gold at the market price of the day ; that the limit of the issue of th ese notes should be determined by the Legislature, and that at the present time such limit should not exceed 20,000,000.% That by such means your petitioners respectfully ll,Ubtnit a sa f e and steady basis would be provided for the d ot pestie circulation of the country, and that the actual a m ould positive convert ibili ty o f t h e b an k note i nto b u lli on at a ll t i mes, and under all circumstances, b e effectually maintained. And your petitioners will ever pray, &o. LAW INTELLIGENCE. --(This Day.) CITY SHERIFF'S COURT. (Before Mr. Prendergest, Q C.) TAILOR V. THOMPSON. DIDTS o➢' HONOUR AND IiONOURADLE DEBT3.—Mr. Board appeared for the defendant, and stated that this Was an action brought to recover the sum of 71. 10-, due Upon a promissory note hell by plaintiff, and drawn from defendant. The debt arose out of a gambling tran saction in the following manner :—Plaint ff and de fendant sat down one evening to a game at cards, and defendant was the loser, and not only did he lose his money, but, as generally known, his temper also, and under the influence of an empty pocket, he beat the Plaintiff most severely. Plaintiff issued a summons sigainst him at one of the police courts, and defendant Galled open him, and finally it was agreed to set.le the Matter for 71. 10s., for which amount defendant gave his promissory note, and for which he is now sued. Plaintiff having been called, pr wed the above facts. Defendant pleaded that the plaintiff could not recover, am the debt arose out of a gambling transaction. Mr. Beard—Yon bet on horse races ? Defendant—Yes ; but I owe nothing in that way. I always pay my debts of honour. Mr. Beard—You had better pay your honourable debts. After some further examination, it was admitted that, defendant had compromised the matter as stated above, and his Honour gave a verdict for plaintiff with costs. POLICE IMIALTJGENOE. (This Day.) MARLBOROUGH-STREET. STEALING A Ilona AND CAB.—Richard Burt, one of a number of "bucks" who nightly infest the principal West-end cab stands, was charged, before Mr. Beadon, With stealing a horse and cab, belonging to Henry Luca., gi cabman, residing at No. 25, Foley-mews, Russell. It appeared that on Sunday night last the prosecutor left hie horse and cab in the care of the prisoner, on the rank in th e H aymarket, while he went to procure some r eehment. After an absence of about ten minutes he returned to the rank, when, to his great surprise, he found that both horse and cab had disappeared. He Made inquiries of som e ca b men , an d was informed that the prisoner had been seen to take up a fare and dri ve o ff as fast a s h e coul d . Prisoner, after considerable loss V time and t rou bl e , eventua ll y traced the prisoner to ;', ln egar-yard, Drury-lane, a n d on go i ng th ere h e found , 4 40 hor se and cab, but not the prisoner. The latter he ha ppened to meet last night, when he gave him into elle• tOdY for stealing the horse and cab. __The prisoner, who session,d the charge, was fined 0/ for the unlawful po with an intimation that ever he repeated the offence he would be sent for MA NXWS.— (Tius D .) RAY 51 ARRETS. . , 1 341TIMPILD.—Meadow hay. 21 102 to 4/ Os; clover, 31 lOs to 51 Os; and straw, 1/ 5s to 1/ 101 per load. A full average supply, and a sluggish demand. CIIMERBLLITD.Meadow hay, 2/ 10, to 41 Os; clover, 31 108 to 51 Os ; and straw, 11 6s to 11 10d per load. Trade dull. wurrlorupzi.—Meadow hay, 2 1 10 a to 41 Os ; clover, 8/ lOs to '5l Os ; and straw, 1/ 5s to 11 103 per load. . .A. moderate demand. N t TEA.--The market firmer. G oo d common eaah, C O s ra LO th IAL. er Congou sells for llid and su perior qualities a t i s per lb . . , S UGAR. — There is very little activity , in the market, and but few transactions have been reported, and prices gene "llY have a downward tendency. In the refined market rather more activity prevails, but do per cks being light, Prices have improved about la to is cwt. old to good grocery realise 56 3 to 589; and wet lumps, 51s to 53s Per cwt. — a few COPP/CC—The ma r k e t i s quiet, but prices remain steady parcels of Plantation Ceylon have been disposed of a at bout previou s quotations, in other qualities the quo ta - Rs tions are almost nomi na l. t he low - RicE. —Rather more enquiry has been experienced for and middling qualities,mprovemen and a slight i may be notes). Mid whi te B engal realised 89s per cwt. itull —The market is s b eady. Good Demerara realised 25 8 per proof gallon. F' WlT.—There is little alteration to report the grocers generally acting with great caution, 'and confining . their , purchases to ex t remely small quantities. SALTPETRE, --There has been a fair inquiry and prices • have remained firm. TALLOW. --The market is spin firmer, and but little dis - position is exhibited by holders to effect sales. P.Y,C. on the spot, Ms; and Januory to March delivery, 51s 6d per cwt. THE JEWEL—The states of Meek lenburgh have, for the eecond time, rejected the proposition to establish civil eqttality betweeia Jewa and Christiana. OPICNING OF NEWCASTLE CORN EXCHAIICE. —The Ma gnificent Corn E xc h an4e j est f i nished by the corpora of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, was opened on Saturday. T HE IVIONEY MARKET AND C:0 IYIMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. CITY, Two O'CLOCK. Accounts from Liverpool mention that the Cotton Market yesterday manifested a very animated appearance, and prices are fully Id. per lb. dearer dearer on most descriptions. The sales amounted to 8,000 bales, 2,000 of which were taken by the speculators. The Railway Share Market closed firmly, and the quot ttions were well supported. Another commercial failure was reported yester day, viz., that of Messrs. Henry Hoffmann and Co., in the German trade, but it has not occasioned any uneasiness, nor is it likely to retard the pro gress of improvement in the general situation of commercial affairs. The public are fully prepared for a few more of these calamities, and the nu merous suspensions reported at Hamburg can varcely fail to react very seriously upon their con nections here. There is, nevertheless, a much more comfortable feeling among the mercantile interest, and the increased discount facilities afforded by the Lombard-street houses have relieved them to a con siderable extent. Although the minimum rate at the Bank is still maintained at 10 per cent., t tie best descriptions of paper are nego tiated out of doors at i t , and, in some in stances, J per cent. below that quotation, and hence it is concluded that the authorities will soon make a reduction to 9 per cent. Under the exist ing system no alteration will be made, however, until the 2,000,0001. notes over-issued are replaced, and the reserve, independently of that amount, has materially increased, but the accumulation is going on rapidly, and should it continue, the Bank may, in the course of a few weeks, be sufficiently strengthened to admit of a concession . . It is gene rally imagined that the strenuous exertions of the supporters of the Bank Act will be powerful enough to resist any reform ; but the commercial public should bestir themselves and follow the example sot them by the merchants of Glasgow. The Chamber of Commerce there have resolved to petition Parliament to repeal or amend the Acts of 1844 and 1845, for regulating the issue of Bank notes. It is only by agitation that any great re form which would overthrow a firmly rooted system could be accomplished. Everything de pends upon the efforts of the commercial interests, and if they remain as apathetic as hitherto, the fault will be theirs in the event of the Bank Act being preserved in its integrity. During periods of ease and when money is cheap, all denominations of traders' are to:; much absorbed to take the matter in hand, although admitting the desirability of an alterati n. In times of severe stringency, on the other hand, they devote their exclusive attention to the pro•ection of their interests, and thus from year to year, the old system is continued without any well-organised attempt to overthrow it. There is now an excellent oppor tunity to represent the state of public feeling upon the subjec+, and if it is not embraced the existence of Sir Robert Peel's Act may yet be prolonged. A further a Idition of 36,009 Z., chiefly Russian gold was taked into the Bank of England yester day, and the next weekly return is expected to show a decided improvement both as regards the notes and billion. The auguuentition in the stock of bullion held by ,he Bank o France also continues, and yesterday, ,he aggregate amount was estimated at 8,210,0001. A large amount of silver will be dispatched to Hamburg to-day, viz., about 80,0001. to 100,000/., but according to rumour the aggregate remittance will represent a far more important total. The Funds are very flat to-day, and a partial reaction, amounting to about per cent. has taken place. Numerous sales hays been made by parties desirous of securing their profits, which, after the Late advances, aro in many instances very large. The " contango" is exceedingly heavy, and it deters many speculators from continuing their en gagements to the January account. Several un favourable rumours are afloat relative to affairs in Hambro', and it is imagined that the Bank will refuse to make advances on Stock during the "shutting" of the tran-for books. Consols have been 91, sellers for money, and the 7th inst., but they are now 94 I, and for the January account, 92. The New 3 per Cents. are marked 90 to 90k, and the Reduced are at about the same values. Bank Stock is 216 to 218, and Exchequer Bills are 4s. discount to par. The Bo n d s h ave b een d ealt in at 971 to 981. For Foreign Stock the demand is heavy and prices are lower. Turkish 6 per Cents, are 91ii ; Mexican 3 por Cents., 187 ; 19 ; Danish 3 per Cents., 83/ ; Peruvian 41- per Cents., 761 ; Ditto 3 per Cents., 51/. The transactions in the Railway Share Market have been of a limited character, and most of the leading lines are at a decline of +to per cent. East Anglian, Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee, Lan cashire and York-hire, declined ss. ; Great Wes tern, Brighton. North Western, South Western, Midland, - 10s. ; North British, 15s. ; and Caledo nian and North Eastern, Berwick, 1/. The French lines are rather firmer. Northern of France, and Paris and Lyons, have each improved about 10s. In the Colonial undertakings East Indian declined about 1/. Grand Trunk of Canada ; and Great Indian Peninsular about ss. Great Western of Canada remained steady. Mining shares are very quiet. Wheal Edwards realise 7i ; General 14i ; and United Mexican 3i. Joint Stock Bank and Miscellaneous Shares aro steady. London and Westminster improved 10s. ; and Union of Aus,ralia about ss. Peninsular and Oriental Steam declined 10s. ; and Royal Mail Steam advanced 15s. BR ITISH FUNDS. —CLOSING PRICES —THIS DAY. (Pram Ac Official Listi) Businessdons. Bank Stock .................................... 218 15 3 m• 4 eat. ttedirzed A nnuitioi• ............... 90 i 4 90 99i 3 per fient tle.r.mois Annuitiet. ...... . ....... 1 1 1 New :3 per Cent. Annuities .................. 90{ 90 1 90 Long Annuities, expire stt , Jan. 1860.. Ditto 30 Years, expire sth Jan., 1880 151 Ditto 30 Years, expire sth April, 1 885... 1 7k Oulsois •fro zceenz,t ......... ........... 911 1a 1 1 Ex , `letpier !tint, 2;0. t:1010 580 tv. 1 ,• Exchequer Bonds, 1858, per Cent — Ditto, 1359 PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS—THIS DAY. Braztean 5 per Cent. •• • Ditto 1852, 4i per Cent. Fuenos Ayres Bonds, 6 per Cent. Ditto Account B5 Chiliau Bonds, 6 per Cent lO2 Danish Bonds, 3 pel Cent., 1825 836 Mexican 3 per Cent — 4 's Ditto Account da 181 19 , i'eruvihn Bonds, 46 per Cent — Ditto Account . Ditto 3 per Cent — Ditto Account Russian Bonds, 1622, J St., 5 per Cent.... Ditto, 46 per Cent. 96i 6 Spanish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun. 51 Tarkith l;outts, 6 per cent 9l Ditto Account NMI Ditto Guaranteed, 4 per Cent. Ditto Account (Doc. 16) Dividends on the above payable in London. Dutch Exchange, 23 per Cent., 12 Guilders 63i 3 711RER O'CLOCK. Consols, money Ditto account (December 7) La Inisu VICHROYALTL—It is stated with seeming confidence in the Dublin Evening Mail that a bill is in preparation—if not actually prepared—for the abolition of the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland. ST. ANDREW'S DAY.—Yesterday being the anniver sary of the patr. , n saint of Scotland, the friends of the Scottish Hospital, established under Royal charter in 1965 fur the relief of aged and infirm natives of Scotland ' dined together at th e L on d on T avern. T he room was very elegantly decorated by various Scottish banners and shields, the effect of which was much enhanced by the new buds light on the sun principle introduced lately introduced into the roam. The chair was an nounced to be taken by L , rd Panmure ; but, his lord ship being unable to attend, it was by Mr. Moffat, M.P., who was supported by ab o ut 140 f r i en d s o f t h e iostcution. The subscriptions of the evening were an nounced to about 4001. ADVBEITISEMENT.—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills astounding Remedies for Bad Legs.—Extract of a letter from Mr Charles Sacre, of Church-street, Woolwich, to Professor Holloway :—" Sir,—l beg to offer y ou my s i a cere thanks for the miraculous cure which your in valuable ointin.nt and hills have effected on my leg. For four months I was in a London hospital, and turned out afterwards as incurable, with vet) , little hopes of saving my leg ; but I am happy to say tnat your remedies have effected a perfeetand speedy cure." — S o l d b y all medicine vendors throughout the world ; at Prof essor Holloay's Establishments, 244, Strand, London, and 80, Maiuen -1 me, New York ; by A. Stamps, Constantinople ; A. Guidily, Smyrna ; and E. Muir, Malta. S:(.1 N LITERATURE. Blacktvood.—" What Will He Do With It" is continued, and an important event occurs: Soppy is taken away from the kind care of her aged pro tector. It is the first melancholy episode an the story, and a gloom settles over the mind of the reader as he bears of that fair young creature being snatched away, in her day-dreams of peace and re tirement, to the companionship of coarse natures, and the toil of pursuits she so dreaded. It is truly said at the commencement of the chapter which describes the catastrophe, "Laugh at forebodings of evil, but tremble at day-dreams of happiness." The conduct of Mr. Hartopp proves that it 13 not enough to be well-disposed and kind-hearted to be of service to others ; a man must have self-reliance and an independent spirit, which will enable him to think and act for himself, however adverse ap pearances may be, and however tortuous may be the road he has selected to walk in. The con cluding passage of the narrative here met with relates a momentous interview between Losely and Mrs. Crane, whose consequences in the future will most likely be of some dire import. " Phre nology in France" is an amusing paper, which refutes many false assertions, and exposes many fallacies of those who arrogate to themselves an unlimited knowledge on such subjects. It truly states that more would be achieved, if less were attempted, by the energetic and enthusiastic devotees :—" If phrenologists would content them selves with asserting that they had half-truths of great importance to communicate, and hoped in course of time to arrive at whole truths, all culti vated minds would urge them to go on and prosper." It is mentioned, as a fact worthy of notice, that Mangiamele, a celebrated calculator, had a decided depression at that spot whore the organ of nuwber is placed ; further on, it is stated that the head of Napoleon, though extremely well proportioned, was by no means so large as it is ordinarily represented to have been. " Boscobel" is the name of an interesting work, recently pub lished ; some remarks are here made upon it, which are worthy of attention. The Boscobel tracts relate to the escape of Charles the Second after the battle of Worcester. Notwithstanding the different hues with which political opinions colour those events, all, except those who are too prejudiced to render impartial justice, will admire the spirit which animated those who followed an adverse cause through danger unto death, and in the hour of trial saw their sovereign's misfor tunes—not the faults that had caused them. " Our Indian Empire" is a well-written article, winch contains instructive passages, and conveys some useful hints regarding the important subject referred to. Sever a l ex t rac t s are g i ven from emi nent writers on the question of the management of India. The general conclusion aimed at by these statesmen is, that the empire must be consolidated by power and administered by moderation ; but, it as urged, " we must be strong ere we can be mode rate. The empire of the swo r d mus t precede the empire of opinion. After enumerating the various difficulties that beset the way, and entering in de tail on some of the disputed points, the writer takes a sanguine view of England's future in the East, and expresses a conviction that if we stand up man fully to the work before us, our children's children may read in history of our bright success. " The Works and Genius of Michael Angelo" is an at tractive title for an article, and a perusal in this in stance will not disappoint expectation. In a remarkably interesting manner, the career of this wonderful man is made mention of, and his works are analysed in a style which shows that the writer has entered into the spirit of his task. He asserts that it is one of difficulty; and liable to misconstruc tion, but he who can ignore the genius of M . chael Angelo will remain himself deservedly unknown. The object of this criticism is not to exalt or dimi nish, so much as " to elucidate what is obscure, and to reconcile what ,is anomalous." The follow ing passage institutes a comparison between Michael Angelo and Raphael "History wou:d seem, at certain epochs of special effort, to turow great men together, sometimes to work out vast results by antagonism, often to accomplish a united end, through mutual co-operation, always per haps to complete a great cycle of operations and pheno mena, compensating the shortcomings of some by the re dundant powers bestowed on others. Thus was it specially in that great period when Michael Angelo and Raphael were brought together, the more perfectly to accomplish and describe the wide and completed circuit of a great art-cycle. The genius of the one formed a complementary arc to that of the other, so that whether taken as antagoni'tic or consecutive quantities, the circle in its entire and continuous circumference was fully de scribed, and the domain of art thus enclosed within the sweep of a ring-fence. Nature finding it not possible to unite the conflicting powers of a Michael Angela and a Raphael in one and the same mind, apportioned to each a distinct labour and function, trusting that the result, when worked out, might not prove inharmonious or nugatory. The wisdom of this plan was justified in toe sequence. The universality of genius thereby suffered limitation, in order that the universality of art might be established, and thus the gentle harmonies of Raphael came in to soften the abrupt dissonance of Michael Angelo ; while again the terrible power of Michael Ailed° threw vigour and intensity into the seraphic strains of Raphael's muse, and PO within the circuit of the Vatican is found a completed art, out of which the student may form his perfected ideal -- au art which seem, to represent in its fulness the highest forms and faculti.rs of man, and then rising above earth to people heaven itself." Dublin University.—" The Cardinal Treaties of Mediaeval and Modernplistory" present to notice:in this number " The Treaties of Paris and Huberts burgh," which took place in sixteen hundred and ninety-three. We are informed that the long centuries of rivalry between France and Austria are broken by only one period of amity when they leagued together for the purpose of crushing the young power of Prussia in the " Seven - Years' War," it is a curious fact to notice, however, that, the consequence was to place the object of their hatred in the position of one of the first-rate powers of the world. It is interesting to notice the following epitome of the struggle : "The treatises of Ilubertsburg contain little more than stipulations for the mutual evacuation of countries and towns taken or occupied during the war. Not a foot of land in Europe changed owners ; though, accord ing to the calculations of Fred eric himself, the Russians had sacrificed 120,000 men, the Austrians 140,000, France 200,000, the English and their allies 160,000, the Swedes 25,000, the German titles 28,000, and the , Prussians 213,000 in the war. But the Seven Years' War in Germany—though the map of Europe showed no effects from it—was far from being a drawn game. lie who had stood against such fearful odds, and had not fallen, was justly regarded as the victor ; andthen . ce• forth, both by contemporaries a nd b y posterity, has been recoguiied as Frederic the Great." The " Partners" is resumed this month, and a very exciting scene occurs in the portion here met wi▪ th, the unfortunate victim of others' deceit and duplicity is assailed by many dangers, but he is left at last at liberty, as another has been seiz• ed in his place as a lunatic. The next insta lment pro mises to be very eventful. "M‘Cormack's Giudge is concluded in a very satisfactory manner. The suspected man proved the honesty of his intentions and the genuineness of his nature by rescuing, at great peril to himself, the child of the man who had wronged him from a frightful death. After so stoi my an opening, it is satisfactory to take our last look at so peaceful a scene as Myles's reinstated home presents. " The Student" is a most melan choly story, and exemplifies the folly and wicked ness of hying down rules for all alike, as if diverse temperaments . did not require different treatment, . and as peculiarly-gifted inindsdid not r, quire sy in pathy instead of repulsion. " Tom Brown's School days" is the subjectof a paper which repays perusal. It regards that succe3sful work in a favourable light, and expresses a hope to meet Tom Brown again at Oxford or Cambridge. "He is one of the few companions who are as delightrul as they are im proving." " The Tramping Artist" is a light and lively sketch, which retails some conversation on varying incidents in many lauds, here and there interspersed with a racy remark or an amusing anecdote. " From Rome—Home," furnishes the reader with the conclusion of the journey, which was completed in four weeks. The account of the adventures met . with, - and the description of the objects of sublimity and beauty which the travellers b..held, are on the whole ably rendered, and may edify those who delight in foreign gleanings. There are some verses among the contents, which, though pleasing, are none of them beyond average me; it. Great praise is given to " Lord Dufferiu's Yacht Voyage," and it is observed that " he has all but created an arctic summer, and given us one of the gayest narratives that ever ibeguiled a few shortened hours of our foggy wiut Fras6r's Magazine. —A criticism on Mr. Water ton's third series of " Essays on Natural History" opens this number of e raser. A little good humoured dissension from Mr. Watert in's some what didactic theology is mixed with the notice of the more scientific portion of the work. Those who like deep reading will be interested by a paper on recent meta physical works by G. H. Lewes, Frederick Maurice, and Dr. Fleming. Their different methods of reasoning and objectS in writing are compared with skill and ingenuity. After render ing tribute to the historical value of Mr. Lewes' laborious work, ,the critic ussails his theory and seeks to prove -that the " positivism" he is so partial to, leads its follower to the dreary waste or atheism and bars the developmmt of all his higl.e.• -faculties. • The writer is evidently a partisan of. what be calls the Scotch school, and certainly deduces some striking arguments in its favour. After all the discussions and dissensions of these LONDON, TUESDAY EVMWING philosophers a good many readers will be of the opinion of a S co t c h bl ac k sm ith, men tioned in D r . Fleming's book, w h o th us d e fined this disputed science—" T wa f o lk , " sa id h e , " disputin' thc gitber, he that's listenin' doesna ken what he that's speakin' means, and he that's speakin' doesna ken what ho means' himsel—that's metaphysics." The clever and interesting story of "The Interpreter" is brought to a conclusion— a fact which many o f the rea d ers o f Fraser will be disposed to regret. Its not very approprate titie does not give any idea of the variety of its scenes and characters, the interest attaching to them, and the ability of. the style. The conclusion is marked with some striking and unexpected events. We hope to meet this writer again in the pages of Fraser. The recent volumes of the memorials and correspondence of Charles James Fox are criticised, and the editorship of Lord John Russell does not escape some severe strictures. "On the Use of Proverbs in Grave Composition," is the title of a singular paper, chiefly relating to the writings of Professor Blunt, and upholding the authority of those pithy little sayings which embody, as has been happily observed, the wisdom of many in the wit of one. " The Englishman's - House - his - Castle Theory" is the name of the article which follows, and there is no occasion for the writer to sign him self " A Grumbler." Lord Normanby's recent work, "A year of Revolution," affords the subject for an in teresting pape r on the state of France ten years ago. " India in Mourning " is an article dated from the Punjaub, Sep . :, 29, and gives us a glimpse of the feel , ngs of our countrymen in the East. "It is the belief of every thinking man in India that the British powe r w ill surv i ve t hi s convu lsion ; but it is no less the co nv i c ti on o f every man in India, with his eyes open, that the present generation of Anglo- Indians may be swept off the face of the earth." This, it must be remembered, was before the news of the fall of Delhi. The following tribute is paid to the memory of Sir Henry Lawrence : "Sir Henry Lawre nce h a d t h a t ra re and happy faculty (which a man in almost every other respect unlike him, Sir Charles Napier, is said also to have possessed) of attaching hiinEe'f to every one with whom he came in contact. He had that gift which is never acquired, a gracious, winning, noble manner ; rough and ready as he was in the field, his manner in private life had an indescribable charm of frankness, grace, and e ren courtly dignity. He had that virtue which Englishmen instinctively and characteristically love—a lion-like courage. He had tbat fault which Englishmen so readily forgive, and, when mixed with what are felt to be its naturally concomitant good qualities, they almost admire—a hot and impetuous temper; he had, in over flowing measure, that god-like grace which even the base revere, and the good acknowledge as the crown of vir tue—the grace of charity. No young offices ever sat at Sir Henry's table without learning to think more kindly of the natives ; no one, young or old, man or woman, ever beard Sir Henry speak of the European soldier, or ever visited the Lawrence Asylum, without Ewing excited to a nobler and truer appreciation of the real extent of his duty towards his neighbour. He was one of the few distinguished Anglo-Indians who had attained to something like an English reputation in his lifetime. In a few years his name will b e f am ili ar t o every reader of Indian history ; but for the present it is in India that his memory will be most deeply cherished ; it is by Angfo-Indians that any eulogy on him will be best appreciated ; it is by them that the institutions which he foanded and maintained will be fostered as a monument to his memory." A postcript at the end of the article announces that the joyful intelligence of General Wilson's complete victory had "lifted from the mind of every Eng lishman in India a cloud like the shadow of death." The poetical contributions to Fraser are not above mediocrity. Two of them are translations from the Italian, and the third, " A Summer Vision," is very incorrect in- its rhymes. Tresses and meshes, lustrous and wondrous, window and sha'low, mar the cifect of a simple and pleasing poem. The United Service Magazine. —The first paper in this magazine is entitled " Thoughts relative to Military itequirements," and considers that suffi cient attention is not paid to military history. It is observed that while experience in the general is the great and only desideratum towards success, it is hardly contemplated as necessary that theory should form the groundwork of this experience, and that it is but reasonable to suppose that the art of war, like other arts, has a theory and begin ning, in which it behoves all military aspirants to be instructed in. Iu support of this argument the writer quotes the opinions of Napoleon :—" The principles of war are those which have regulated the great captains whose deeds have been handed down to us in history, Alexander, Hannibal, Closer, Gus tavus Adolph us, Turenno, Prince Eugene, Frederick the Great," &e. ; and " Tactics, evolutions, the science of the engineer and artillery officer, maybe learned from treatises much in the same way as geometry ; but the knowledge of the higher branches of the art of war only to be gained by experience, and by studying the history of the wars and battles of great leaders." A second article on military re form and tho army purchase commission censures severely the system of pwronage and interest. An alteration in the pont-ions and allowances to officer.' widows and families is also recommended. An interesting paper by Captain Spencer gives an account of the French conquest and occupation of Algal ie. The history of the pirates of Algiers is briefly traced from the days of Barbarossa to the French victory in 1830. The subject is to be con firmed. "A Visit to the Tcherna Morsky Cos sacks" proceeds with interest, and the "notes of an Old Staff Officer" contain some interesting de tails of Belgian life and Government. A letter on the subject of the Indian army gives a list of causes which have lessened the value of the Company's service in the estimation of the Sepoys. It is dated Ferozepore, and the efore the writer has the au hot ity of local knowledge for his suggestions. A paper on British cavalry recommends an alteration in the present method, with the view of obtaining " the greatest amount of lightness with the smallest sacrifice of equipment." It is further remarked that the want of interest in the men fur their horses produces much evil. The description of the " Seats of Insurrection" is con tinued with interest. The exciting legends of the Black Watch, by James Grant, the well known author of the " Romance of War," proceed in their usual style. The narrative in tee present number is a tale of one of those fearful lettres de cachet which were the means of so many se.lret crimes. [t is the story of a Scotch Major who was taken pri soner at Ticonderoga, and, through the jealouey of a French noblemen, was consigned to the dungeons of the Bastille fur twenty-eight years, only to be re ' leased when age had whitened his hair and suffering had nearly deprived him of his facu ties. n ic a o r i r t a h ti N g re i v o e s f Pr a v i e n r c y e aaig Bentley's Miscellany. —A notice of the Reach Napoleon's journey to the account of the Pari sian critics among the iceb:Tge. " Midnight Doings" is the continuation of the story of " Moat Grange," commenced in the last number. The hero, Charles Dalrymple, having been the accidental cause of his fathom's death, gives up his engagement that he may not interfere with the fortunes of his mother and sisters. By way out his laudable intentions, o yin L g ondon, becomes mixed with a rs, and drowns himself in the he et further coofa egsa mu c pb a l r et r Thames : at least so it is implied, but a doubt is left on the reader's micd as to the certainty of the suicide. The last songs of Beranger afford an interesting yet mournful topic to Monkshood. Interesting as all concerning the Vi6UX chanson nier must be, and mournful as showing the old m an, even when nearing the last steps of the road along which we are hurried by the "vieux postil ion," can find nothing more joyful for his lyre than the recollections of the plaisirs de vinyt ans. Anw her paper on French literature is a criticism on Edmond About, which gives him great praise for the high tone of morality in his works, and the a bi l i t y with which they are writ . en. Judging f ro m the extracts , however, it appears there is still a little room for im p rovement in the selection of characters. and "An OldTlwnodiPar aiper"The B r iti s h Army," Officer on the Causes of the Indian Revolt," contain some remarks and sug ge,tions worthy of notice. " The Life of an Architect" is continued, and Mr. Dudley Costello's lengthy history of the raisdoings of the millionaire of Mincing-lane is brought to a conclusion. "The Calcutta Petition" is the title of a well-written paper on the present system of administration. The Mechanics. —This is a , useful and interest- 1 ina number of a valuable ma g azine, which affords great faciliti es for the circulation and diffusion onfewscsielilicand mechanical knowledge. All tho connected with such subjects is given, and n Co ln one of these an in rre muume ro sondents contain ventor ibes a new inst rument for ascertain ing and com paring the, intensitie s o f li g ht, which he proposes to call the Letosco p e. Another sug tin gm fr a o t m ter. p the late fracture of Big Ben was pro ieii t i l t . s er letters es gcsts that bably caused by the exterior and interior sur faces of the bell being in states of unequal ten sion. H e supposes that the outside was too rapidly cooled, and that consequently it was not a Nomogeous vibrating body, , 3% It is to be hoped th a t this dang er will be avoided in the recast ing. ,Circular Steam Tillage, Submarine Tele -1 s the Drainage a London, Rifle Bullets, gulp i , Passenger Signals, and a variety of subjects, occupying an important position in public atten are- treated of and discussed. An account tion, of reont patents, and reports of scientific insti tutions: are given at length. We cordially com mend t hi s serial to all who are scientifically or I professionally interested in the study of mechanic's. DECEMBER 1, 1857. OPENING OF THE NEW SellOOL AT GAMSTON. The school-room at Gamston being very Incon venient, and quite inadequate to allow of the num bers of children who attend it being taught with comfort or efficiency, a new school has recently been erected by the Duke of Newcastle, to whom (with , the exception of the rector's land) the whole parish belongs. The school, which is for both boys and girls, will accommodate 80 with comfort, and is a handsome, well ventilated, and well lighted build ing. It stands facing the old church, which has recently been so well 'restored by Mr. Scott, has a southern aspect, and is in every respect an orna ment to the village. An excellent house is pro vided for the teacher of the school. The day of the opening, Nov. 11, was one of those bright sunny days which have this year beamed on us so cheerfully on our way to winter, and the church bells pealed merrily announcing the village festival. At three o'clock in the afternoon service was per formed in the church by the Rev. J. Twells, the rector, assisted by the Rev. H. C. Mitchinson ; after which the company assembled in the new school room, which was decorated with evergreens and mottoes for the occasion. Amongst those present were :—The Duke of Newcastle and Lady Susan Pelham Clinton ; the Ladies G2orgiana, Henrietta, and Charlotte Clinttn, Ranby ; Mrs. H. Bridge man Simpson, Babworth ; the Hon. Mrs. J. Ashley, Miss Brooke, Miss H. Brooke(daughters o f th e l a t e rector), the Miss Hurts, W. F. Baring, Esq., \V. J. Pickin, Esq., Rev. J. Twells, Rev. E. Twells, Rev. C. Postlethwaite, Rev. C. D. Butt er fi e ld, Rev. H. C. and Mrs. Mitchinson, Rev. W. A. and Miss Plumptre and Mrs. Rogers, H. Homing, Esq., Mr. R. Baker, Mr. North, Mr. H. Hall, Mr. W. Baker, Mrs. and Miss Robarts, Mr. and Mei, R. J. Rogers, Mr. and Mrs. W. Rogers, M. Redgate, &c., &c. The meeting was first addressed by the Rev. JOHN TWELLS, who said—l feel it is a subject of great congratulation to you all, and to myself, that we are enabled to meet together in this building, which has been so liberally provided by his Grace the Duke of Newcastle for the education of the children of this parish. I believe ato greater bene fits can be conferred on the inhabitants of a parish than a sound Christian education, and I think that we have now the means provided. Our venerable old "church has been restored and beautified, so that the poor as well as the rich may find comfortable accommodation for bearing the gospel, and we are met together in a building provided for the younger merekers of the community. Although we have accomplished this, still we ought not to glory in it, for the Bibleftells us that when we have done all, we are but unprofitable servants, and that we have only done our duty. At the samo time, however, it tells us to let our lights shine before men, and we are consequently permitted to make mention of I the good things which have been done. It also says that we are to seek after, not only whatsoever things are true, and just, and honest, but also after whatsoever things are of good report. It is my misfortune to differ on some, political and social questions with the no .le Duke, and I may, conse quently, venture to express more warmly than I should, perhaps, otherwise do, what I feel on this occasion. Therefore, without the least adulation or flattery, for there is no adulation in the Bible, I speak very fully that gratitude which I feel to the noble founder of this school. lam sure that we are all under great obligation to him for what he has done in this village. I may mention three things, the first of which is also very important, that is, the improvement of the dwellings of the labouring classes ; then we had his liberal support in the restoration of our handsome and venerable church; and now he has provided this school, having for its object the ecluc :tier' of the children. There are two great things which prevent the onward pro gress of the masses—ignorance and vice. To remove from the minds of the people that ignorance, which we believe to be altoge her opposed to the spirit of the B ble, which is a spirit of light and knowledge, is our aim. But it is not sufficient to teach them the right way unless we give them a motive to walk in it, and that motive is to be found in the pure principle of the gospel of Jesus Christ. We must remember, however, that whore much is given much will be required, and that what we have done and are doing entails a considerable responsibility upon us. We must not rest satisfied with merely havirt a school provided, but we must make good use of ir. Let us all, masters, and parents, and clergyman join in the endeavour to improve the education of the children. I think the means which his Grace has taken to promote the interests of this parish are those of a man who anti upon principles of true patriotism and enlightened liberality. In conclu sion, I pray that the blessing of God may rest upon this school, and tha', when we are pne, it may be the means of providing a really sound religious education for future generati ins. (Applause.) Mr. NORTH (Churchwarden), then rose and pro posed a vote of thanks to his Grace the Duke of Newcastle for his great liberality. Mr. R. BAKER had great pleasure in seconding the proposition of Lis brother churchwarden, be cause he knew that the inhabitants of the parish must feel deeply sensible of the benefits conferred upon them. In reply, the DuKu said—My good friends, I accept with gratitude the thanks that have been tendered to mc, because I feel that my purpose is met. Ido not assume auje special credit to myself for what I have done, bnt I recognise that it is a benefit conferred upon you all, and I hope that it may prove a great and lasting good, not only to the lower, but also the higher classes, both to those who labour and to those who employ the labour. Mr. Twells has alluded to what I have endea voured to do for the bsnefit of this village. I see before me many who were present when I first assembled my tenants together lip order to address them when I came to the property, and I recollect that I noticed those very three things of which he spoke ; namely, the restoration of our parish churches, the ' foundation of schools for the education of children, and the improvement of the dwellings of the working classes. I rejoice that in this pari-1, at least, two of these works have been accompashed ' • we have just been assembled in the church, which has been restored to, I think I may say, more than its original beauty, and now we are assembled in this school-room which has been fume:led for the education of the poor children of the parish. .As rt garde the third matter which goes hand inhand with the other two, unfortuna'ely a great deal remains to be done. I regret that lam not in a position to do so much in this way as I de sire, but I assure you that those regrets are not of a selfish nature. I EC3 around me many gentlemen fro n other parishes, which, I am sorry to say, are not so well off as this, but I trust that in time much may be done, and I hope that before long every parish may have a church r stored, and a school for the education of its children. Much work is still be fore us. Here we have a school, it is true, but that is only the first step. My exertions are pretty nearly ended, for you all know that I can give very little personal attention to the matter ; I have no doubt that your worthy rector will faithfully and zealously do his share ; but the main part of the work winnow remain with the parishioners. It is your duty to fill the school, and to maintain' it full. There are none who may not contrib tte greatly to its success. The;parents must send their children to school, and the masters must endeavour to help on the educa tion at leant of the children of those whom they may employ. I am not going to urge upon you such an utopian idea as the non-employment of children in farming operations. With the demand that there is at the pie sent time in the market for labour, such a thing is impossible, but still there is a medium, and I would desire you to give them the benefit of education during some portion of the year. Unfortunately it is the tendency of the labouring classes to send out their children at a very early age to work, for the sake of enabling them to increase the means of providing for their wants, and it is alto the tendency of farmers to avail themselves of such labour ; but if parents and masters could mutually consent to allow the chil dren to remain a little longer at school, all would derive permanent advantage. When they are little, and ate, I was going to say, a nuisance, and hin drance at home, they are sent to school, but then ycu can only sow in them the seeds of education ; so 1 would urge that they be allowed to remain at school from the age of 11. or 12, or perhaps a little younger, till they are 14 or 15, and I am confident that by the improved state of morality which would be the consequence, every one would gain a great benefit. I would more par ticularly speak on behalf of the female poriion of the cbildreu of the parishioners. Consider what a thing it is to take them away from echo el at such an early age ' • recollect what duties they will havo to perform hereafter. At present they may havo very little to do in the management of the home hold, but they are the future wives and mothers of the parish, and ou them will depend the respecta bility of the cottages, and the brin g ing up of a future generation, and they should be well in structed, so that they day be enabled to impart to their husbands and children some of the benefits which they have received from education. I would wish for something of au industrial education. There is a deal said about education in common things, and it is something of this kind that I should like. They go out to service before they know how to perform the commonest household duties, and that on account of this lack of indus trial education. I may here mention a scheme which I have had for a long time. Many of you know tb,at .1 have a school in the park at °lumber, where girls aro- trained for filling up situations as ervento. For four yeiis they are giAtuitoudy clothed, fed, and lodged, and what I propose is the enlargement of this school. I should not wish it to be a mere charity, for when things are purely done out of charity, they are not so well appre ciated, but as an object of reward for those little gills who conduct themselves in the best manner in this and other schools. This would only be one way among many for the attainment of an extended period of education, and I merely mention it as an illustration of what I mean. I will not detain you longer, but would urge upon you mutual sympathy with regard t') this education, and I shall feel most amply rewarded for what I have done if you make good use of it. At the conclusion of his speech the noble Duke was most heartily cheered. In the evening, tea, cake, &c., were p rov id e d i n the school for about 80 children by the rector, and for upwards of 100 women, with the ringe rs an d singers of the parish church, by the farmers. After tea was removed the inhabitants of the parish assembled in the school-room, when ad dresses were delivered by the Rev. H. C. Mitchin son, the Rev. A. Brook, the Rev. Edward Twells, and the Rector. These' addresses were all given in a kindly spirit of encouragement to the parish ioners to assist as parents, neighbours, and Chris tians to promote the social and moral comfort and happiness of each other, and were received with genuine and general approval. The speeches were enlivened by songA, glees, and madrigals by the Retford choral society, and the party separated be fore the evening had become tedious,_much gratified with their entertainment. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL .EAGINEERS. At the the meeting on the 17th, the paper read was " On the Conversion of Wood by Machinery, by Mr. G. L. Molesevnrth, Assoc. Inst. C. E. In briefly glancing at the history of wood conversion, the author noticed the early application of machinery for the purpose, and also the introduction of the circular saw, the planing machine, and the band saw. The in ventions of Bentham and Brunel were mentioned, as having contributed largel to the advance of this branch of engineering. A comparison was then drawn, chewing the more rapid progress of wood conversion in America than in England. This was ascribed to the greater cheapness of material and the scarcity of skilled labour in the former country, which gave a stimulus to invention ; whilst in England the case was different, the material was comparatively expensive, and skilled artisans were abundant, Nor was the system of the subd , vision of labour as yet fully carried cut, the conversion of wood being Litherto in the bands of a ea.s who could not employ much capital in machinery, or keep it con stantly at work to the greatest advantage, even when they had it; and, at the same time time the prejudices of foremen and the combinations of workmen had ope rated powerfully against the introduction of new ma chines. Many of the machines of English construction bad been of too costly a character, and in designing them sufficient attention had not been given to economy of the converted material. The cheap and simple cha racter of the American machines was mentioned, and some of their characteristic details were described. An account of the different kinds of saws, as well as the form of teeth, the modes of setting them, and the ve locities adopted in England and America was given, and the silent friction feed, the American " Muley" saw, the author's arrangement of a revolving wedge, the me thods of cross cutting, the pendulous saw, Macdowall's circular Paw, the pendulum, the disbel saw,.the scroll and the band saws were briefly described, and mention was made of Mr. Exab's improvements in the band saw. The author then proceeded to enumerate the varieties of planing macliines, which he classified under five heads, viz.:- 1. The reciprecating plane ; 2. Tile fixed cutter plane ; 3. The rotatory cutters, on Muir's principle ; 4. Ditto with vertical axis, on Bramah's plan ; 5. The socket rlane. . _ In describing these machines, the action of the car penter's plane was compared with that of the machines, and come of the methods were mentioned by which its action had been attempted to be assimilated in the ma chines. The planing machines were shortly dezcrilsed, as well as the different forms and speeds adopted in England and America. I: was argued, that in order to produce good work the conditions to be fulfi led were, a high velucity of cutters, not too rapid travel of work, a solid bed to cut against, the working parts well balanced, the bearings steady, and the angles of the cut ters propedy determined. The author condemned the usual empirical method of determining the angles of the cutters, and insisted upon the desirahlity of taking into consideration the nature of the material as well as the character of the work, and the diameter of the cutters, in fixing upon the proper angle. lie then stated those angles which he considered best for different kinds of woods and varieties of work. Brief descriptions and diagrams illustrative of the principles of the 1411oNing process*s and machines were then given : 1. The American shaping mac'hine, with patttrn and concentrical c Ylar guide, fir planing irregular work. 2. The diff:rant methods of...tenoning with chisek or with an asemblage of circular saws, or with the ordi nary Lemming ctit , ,ers. 3 Toe copying machine for producing fac-similes of a cast-iron pattern of aly irregular &lap°, by, means of rotatory cutters made to recede, or advance by the pat tern, which revolves simul'aneously with the work. 4. Hughes' spoke machine vNitn tubular cutter- , haft, and moveable cutters, acted upon by a traversing pattern. 5. The railway key machine, invented by the author, for cutting the taper simultaneously on two sides of the key. G. Steel's oar machine, as used at Cbathain dockyard, for roughing out tlis oar with swivelling circular saws, and finishing it, by a series of cutters acted upon by a "feeler iron," so as to produce a varying form of blade and " loom," 7. The methods of dovetai!ing on Wimshort's plan, by a series of rotating cutters, and on Burley's plan, by a series of reciprocating chisels and circular saws. 8 The method adopted in America of forming the dovetail on the mitre. The d &rent boring tools were then notieel, and an account given of the modes ofmortising, by giving motion to the chisel ;and reversing it, as well as Oe forms of morti,ing chisels, and the devices for clearing the mor tise of chips. The subject of timber bending was briefly mentioned, and a description given of Hookey's mode of bending ships' timbers, Meadows patent for bending veneers into and around the sharp angles of mouldings, and Blan cliarl's method of bending all kinds of timber, by ap plying end pressure to it, while it was wound round a cam of the desired shape. In conclusion the author considered, that wood con version was not fully developed in this country, and hoped that this paper would direct the attention and ingenuity of engineers to the subject. At the meeting on Nov. 24 the proceedings were com menced by the reading of an Appendix to Mr. G. L. Molesworth's paper "On the Conversion of Wood by Machinery," The manufacture of casks by machinery was cited as an example of branch in wbice many failures had oc curred, in consequence of tee maclends having been frequently designed without a view to effecting economy of material, so that tho waste of valuable weed was not couuterhalauced by the saving of labour. The best machines is use for performing the following prccesses in the manufacture of casks were briefly described. The process of cutting up the "blanks" into staves, either by circular, er by reciprocating saw., and of con verting without waste irregular and twisted " blanks" into staves, by the nee of weighted ro lers pressing the work against an adjustable fence in the saw frame. The cutting out "tonguera" and " doublets" by a traveling template, which determined the position of the fence ; and the plan adopted at her Majesty's Dockyard, at Deptford, for irregular " blanks,' " tonguers," and doubled ;" as well as the American mode of cutting staves ler ry casks. The process of jeinting by moving the stave through a curved path in the direction of its circular saws. Robertson's mode of backing staves, by passing them on a travelling platform under cutters ; and Green's mode of passing them over a pair of cutters arranged on each side of a guide collar, whilst the stave was pressed dawn by a heavy fluted feed roller. The processes of " trusting " on Rosenborg's principle, by a series of radial forcing levers, actuated simultaneously by screws, and on Robertson's principle by means of cones into which the etays were forced by hydraulic pressure. The plan of " crezing end chining " by turn ing the cask up on a vertical lathe, after trussing ; or by passiug each stave separately under cutters. And tke process of finishing the heads with an oval motion, to allow for shrinkage of wool across the grain ; thus completing the different processes in manufacturing. Hamilton's machine for sawing curved stip timbers was described as having an inner gate, and the blade so hung as to allow of a transverse as well as a swivelling motion, for curvilinear work ; the log being so arranged as to be turned on its azie whilst travelling, and to be cut to any desired bevel. Green's method of adapting an indicator roller to this machine, for cutting variable bevels from a small scale diagram, was also mentioned. The largest circul,r saws were stated to be those used for cutting veneers from the bog ; their size, veloCity, and mode of action were given, as well as the attempt to supersede them by a rev( lying knife edge, with the causes of its failure. Tne Russian method of cutting veneers was briefly touched upon, as well as the reasons for its non-adoption in England, and the French Method with kreciprocating knife edge, was also described. A description of 'Thiel wond carving machinery was given, with his method of producing a species of floating movement in the table carrying the pattern and the work, under a frame furnished with a series of drill cutters and a tracing knob, so as to produce several , copies gunder-cu t simultaneously p a r t from o b m y s o w n i e v e p l a l i t n t e g r n t ti ; —h ep t a t o t e i r ) n l a na and w so ith de a s n eribed. The account of Messrs. work simultaneously, ed ou c sl o y n , el w u a d sal Ransom and May's manufacture of compressed keys and troneile, and a l so o f t h e mode . sscd railway Majesty's Dockyard P or t smouth of "opted in her shaping treuails cleft from timber of irregular, or twisted A description wa s g i ven of Wilson's Midland Counti es imber Company's W orks at Banbury for the conversion of wood into mop and broom handles of which very large " quantities were manufactured. Cy lindrical gouge cutters were used, so that by turning them gradually in their cutting edge,, which would work for 16 hours without sharpening, and a tool would last three mouths. The surface produced was excellent, and the machine - wa• now about to be us e d f or ma ki ng penaile. The carving machinery invented by Mr. Jo rdan. used for the decoration s o f th e N ew Palaceat and minster, was alluded to ; an d a desorsption wasir West. the ingenious machines, also i nven t e d b y him, for - in iv aki o f f the frames of school elates, at C o l one l Pennant's qua y. ries, near Bangor. The logs of American birch were first cat up by frame saws :—the planks were then sea. Boned for six months, and were afterwards cross out to proper lengths, passed over a series of circular saws and grooving cutters alternately fixed on the same shaft, the montiees and tenons wets out in two ether machine*, the end mortises, tenons, and shoulder; were then cut, and the slates encircled by four of these pieces. The frame thus formed was then laid against two steps, An d a pair of drills descended upon the opposite corners, making two holes ; it was then reversed, and another pair of holes were made in the other two corners, pegs were inserted, and the work was completed. Up to that point the result was excellent, but it had been found impossibl e en ti re l y to fi n i s h th e wor k with the delicacy with which the human hand could do it. In all such machinery the vital importance of high speed and perfect balance were huiated upon, and many curious instances of failure, resulting from neglect c f these points, were given. Messrs. Ransome and May's trenail and key machines were farther described, and the advantages of the pen dulum saw for cross cutting were strongly insisted on. Green's stave-cutting machinery was explained, and the great quantity of work which could be executed by it was shown. After the meeting a model was exhibited of Gibsen's self-acting signal and telegraph for Railways. Thisappa ratus was described as being intended to supply the want of a system of railway signalling, which should re efficient, and whilst answering every purpose for which railway signals could be required, should be simple in construction, and not liable to be misunderstood, or to get out of repair ; being, at the same time, independent of the attention or the neglect of servants. The apparatus consisted of a continuous arrangement of signalling set in motion by the engine, which, in past • ing over a lever placed close witbinside the rail in any desired situation, caused a signal-post (No. 1) to rotate partially, and so to indicate to the following train the close proximity of a preceding train. The signal -post (No. 1) remained in this position until the engine arrived, at the next signal-post (No. 2), the lever opposite' to which, when depressed by the engine, caused it to rotate similarly to tho signal-post (No, 1) previously passed, which was at the sarnatune replaced in its original position. The engine then reached signal-post No. 3, and it and No. 2 would be simultaneously acted upon as were No&. 1 and 2. Then No. 4 received the responsibility, and released No. 3, and so on. It answered equally well by night and day, and the present signal-posts could.be adapted to it.. By the same motion of the horizontal levers ' audible, or visible telegraphic communications could be made with any station, or stations, either in advance or.in the rear of the moving train : thus indicating, by the con. tinual ringing of a bell, if necessary, the approach, de parture, present position, or passage through a tunnel, or over any dangerous part of the line. On foggy, or stormy nights, or where there were sharp curves, &e., this would be found very va'tmble. LIST OF PLANS OF PROPOSED RAILWA.YS, BRANCHES, Lc., Deposited at the Board of Trade on the 30th Nuv., 1857. Aberdeen, Peterhead, and Fraserbargh Alyth Andover Canal R ailway Athenry and 'roam Ballymena, Ballymoney, Coleraine, and Port-Rash Jam:- Wm—Junction with the Londonderry and Coleraine Railway Banbridge, List urn, and Belfast B Ifast and County Down—Extensions Blaokburn, Ctiorley, and Wigan Birkenhead General Railway Station and Motel E9 ,, nor Border Counties—Extension Brentford and Richmond Burton-upon-Trent Caledonian---Branch from the Clydesdale Junction Rail way to Dalmarnock Roa'l Caledonian—Branch to Port-Carlisle Railway Carlisle, Langholm, and Elawick Carron Corrio, Machynlletb, and River Davey Crantrook Darenth Valley Devon Valley Durham and Cleveland Union Dublin and Meath Dublin Iron Road Tramway Ea pt Kent—Western Extension East Suffolk, Yarmouth, and Haddiscoe, and Lowestoft and Bncles—Alteration in Works • East Suffolk—Mutford Junction E len Valley Ely Valley—Mwyudy Branch 'Exeter and Exmouth—Daviationi and Amendment Fife and Kinross and Kinross-shire—Deviations, ho. If.rinatmo and Bue Grangemouth Great Northern and Wostan of Ireland—Daviations liainanlt Fore 4 Innerlei , hen and Peebles Knighton Laneaster and Carlisle—New Works Leatherhead and a rking Leitrim Railway and Lough Allen Pier Limerick and Owl,* Connell—Extension to Klllaloe Liskearl and Loon Canal Railway Llanelly Harbour—lmprovements,Diversions of Streams, and nail vvay London, Brighton, and South Coast—Shoreham to Lienfield, and to the Mid-Su,sex Rail.ay Loudoc end North - WeAto - n—Additi.mal Works Lantton and North-Westeru—Additional Works, No. 2 London anid North-Western—Exten.ion from Longsight to Hyde and Stalybridge London and South-Western—Extension and Deviations London Tramway Manchetter, Sheffield, and Linoolnehire—Garaton to Liverpool Manobester, L Sbeffield, and Lincolnshire— Newton to Compstall Merthlr Junction Mid-Kent—Croydon Extension Mid-Kent—Bromley to St. Mary Cray Middlesborough Improvement Mieland Great Western Railway of Irelnnd—S'rearne• town and Clara Deviation Newport, Abergaveuny, and Hereford—Deviation North British—Hawiel and Cail:sle Junction and Branches North British—New Branches North Yorkshire and Cleveland—Deviation and Branches Oxford, Worct - ster, and Wolverhampton—Deviation of Stourbridge Branch Portsmouth Redditch St. Helen's Canal and Railway—Garston to Liverpool Severn Vailey—Coalport Junction with Shropshire Union Railway Shoreham, Horsham, and Dorking Shoreham, Steynirg, and Henfield Shrewsbury and Welchpool—Deviation and New Works Southend and Bur sham South-Eastern—Dartford and New-cross Junction, Chislehnret, &c. South Wales—Further powers for the completion of the line to Pembroke Dock, &c. South Wales—New Railway to Pembroke Doak, &c. Sta;nes, Wokirgbam, and Woking—Line to Woking St( ok port, Maley, and \ halt ybridge—Hayfield Railway Stockton and Darlington—Durham Lines Stockton and Darlington—North Riding Lines Sunderland Deck Junction Symington, Biggar, and Broughton Vale of Devon Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway Victoria (London) Dock—Railway to the London, Til bury, and Southend Railway Waveney Valley—Deviations and Branch to L iddon Ware, liadharn, and Bintingford West End of L indon and Crystal Pal.tcs—Balham to the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway at Croydon West Metropolit4n Weymouth and Portland Whitehaven Junction—Branches Wicklow Mineral SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TA.TTERSALL'S-MONDAY. As usual at this period of the year only a few sub scribers dropped into the recta, and the few bets laid were scarcely worth quotation. DEBBY. 25 to 1 agst Happy Laid (raker.) 28 to 1 agst Ancient Briton (taken) 33 to 1 agst Ethiopian (akeiL) 40 to 1 agst Esau (taken) READING STEEPLECIIASES.—These Steeplecbmea will take place on the 29Llt of December, and not on th e 221, as previously aanonmced. [Arovsnrisnizrr.]—The following extraordinary cures with. out medicine- of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Flatulency, Consti pation, Nervous, Bilious, and Liver Complaints, Cough, Asthma, Consumption, and Debility, effected by Du Barry's delicious health-restoring Revalenta Arabioa Food, are not the least remarkable :—From the Dowager Countess of Castle stuart.— Cure 52,612. Rosstrevor, County of Down, Ireland, 9th December, 1851.—The Dowager Countess of Castlestuart feels induced, in the interest of suffering humanity, to state that Du Barry's excellent Revalenta. Ambica Food has cured her, after all medicines bad failed, of indigestion, bile, great.hs nervousness and irritability, of many years' standing. Food deserves the confidence of all su(lerers b a e nd e rodes eul sidered a real blessing. Icquirios will be cribable an swered, Cure No. 49,832. " Fiftyy cough, oonstipa liaye con agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma,at the stomach, and tion, . flatulency, spasms, Food.—Mania. JOLLY, Nor tham the celebrated Professors of Supported by testimonials - Use: Dr. Shorland; Dr. Harvey ; Chemistry, Dr. Andre w Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram ; vomiting, have been removed by L b i y eg, D n u ear ßa D rt i l': x e o x e ce o l l l k en .. t Dr. Campbell ; —1". Dories; the Dowager Countess of Cast e ' Lord Stuart de Th nnia s King, and many other respectable M3j"-G realth has been restored by it, after all .)then person; g ' whose hod failed. Suitably packed with full in , s at t e u a a r ofat ) can i s ters, Ilb, 2s. 9d. ; 21b, 4s. 6d. ; 510, • structions. I lie • ' of Post-Office order.--Barry Du Barry, do Co., 121 b, 225. n The 121 b canisters are sent canine free, on receipt • 77, Regent-street, London. IMPORTANT CAUTION against the ltrfei dangers of spurious imitations :—The Vlee-Chancel ra , Sir William Page Wood, granted an Injunction on the cure I OM March, 1551, against Alfred Hooper Nevill, for inritatlng , ,‘ Da Barry's Revalent Arabic