The Sun. — London, England, 1857-11-06 00:00:00

E R MAJESTY'S THEATRE. JIILLIEN'S CONCERTS. MDLLE. JETTY TREFFZ THIS EVENING. The Indian Quadrille and General Havelock's Triumphal March, dedicated to the Heroes of India, is in active re hearsal, and will be produced on Monday next, Nov. 9. Prices of Admission—Promenade, is ' • U p p e r Boxes, Is. ; Gallery, Is. ; Dress Circle, 2s. 6d.; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. and upwards. Prospectases, with fall p ar ticulars, may be had at t he Box office of the Theatre ; of all the principal libraries ; and at Jullien and Co.'s 214, Regent-street The Concert will oommence at Eight o'clock. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee—Mr. J. B. Buckstone. PHIS EVENING, to commence at Seven o'clock, with Sheridan Knowles' comedy of THE LOVE CHASE. Con stance, Miss A. Sedgwick. After which, BOX AND COX. Box, Mr. Buckstone ; Cox, Mr. Compton. Followed by MAKE YOUR WILLS. To conclude with THE GALICIAN FETE. Orchestra Stalls (which may be retained the whole of the evening), 6s. each. (No charge for booking.) First Price. s. d. Second price. s. d Dress Boxes 5 0 Dress Boxes 3 0 Upper Boxes 3 0 Upper Boxes 2 0 Pit Lower Gallery 1 0 Lower Gallery 0 6 Upper Gallery 0 6No half-price to Upper Gallery. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Proprietor, Mr. Charles Kean. LAST FM WEEKS OF THE TEMPEST. THIS EVENING, will be performed Rkakspere's Play of THE TEMPEST. Preoeded by LIVING TOO FAST. THEATRE ROYAL, ADEL PHI. Lessee—Mr. Ben. Webster. THIS EVENING, will be performed the popular drama of THE GREEN BUSHES, in which Mr. Wright, Mr. Paul Bedford, and Madame Celeste will perform. After which, an original Apropos sketch, entitled THE DRAPERY QUESTION ; or, Who's for India ? Messrs. Wright, P. Bedford, C. Selby; Miss M. Wilton and Miss Mary Keeley. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.—Lessee, Mr. Dillon.—Under the joint management of Miss LOUISA PYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON. THIS EVENING, will be performed Balfe's new opera, THE ROSE OF CA STILLE. Characters by Miss Louisa Pyne, Miss Susan Pyne, Miss Marian Prescott, Mr. Weiss, Mr. A. St. Albyn, Mr. G. Honey, Mr. Wallworth, and Mr. W. Harrison. Conductor, M-. Alfred Mellon. To conclude with (second time) a new Farce, entitled A PAIR OF PIGEONS. Mr. G. Honey and Miss Cuthbert. Private Boxes, £2 12s. 6d., £2 25., and £1 us. 6d. ; stalls, 6s. ; Dress Circle, ss. ; Upper Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, ls.—The Box O ffi ce is now open daily, from 11 to 5, under the direction of Mr. Chatterton, jun. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lessees, Messrs. Robson and Emden. TilIS EVENING, will be performed HEADS OR ['AILS. Messrs. Addison, G. Vining, H. Wigan ; Miss Marston and Mrs. Emden (late Miss Somers). Followed by the new comedy, called LEADING STRINGS. Messrs. Addison, G. Vining, H. Cooper; Mrs. Stirling, Misses Wyndham and Swanborongh. After which, the comedietta, entitled A SUBTERFUGE. Mrs. airling, Mr. G. Vining, aad Mr. G. Murray. Commence at half-past Seven. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Lesseos, Messrs. Shepherd and Croswiek. THIS EVENING, will be performed AMBITION : or, The Throne and the Tomb. Messrs. -Creswick, W. Smith, Vollaire, B. Potter, Jackson, Belmore ; Miss Webster, Miss M. Eburne, Miss Johnstone. After which, a new Petite Comedy, UP IN THE WORLD. To conclude with AVARICE. CANTERBURY HILL, Westminster-road.— OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The follow ng company of Vocalists are engaged for the performance of Ssfactions from all the popular OPERAS, MADRIGALS, CHORUSES, GLEES, DUETS, dtc., viz. :—Miss Russell, Mrs. Badzey, Mad lle. Marietta, Mrs. Palmyre, Ifiss Bru nel', and Madame Marietta; Herr F. Jonghmans, Mr. Renshaw, R. Grover, T. .arrant, S. 'ones, J. Barker, W. Melling, Senor Antonio, E. L. Rime, and Mr St. Albyn; Messrs. S. Collins, W. T. Critchield, and E. Mack ney. Pianoforte, Mr. Cecil Hicks; harmoniums, Master Williams ; Director, Herr F. Jonghmans. Commence at Sevin o'clock precisely. Suppers, ckc., until twelve o'clock. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. True DiT—Morn., 23 min. aft. 4—Even., 49 min. aft. 4 To-Momtow—Morn., 15 min. aft. s —Even., 14 min aft. 5 THE WEATHER—StrN OFEICE, NOVEMBER 6. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 62—highest since noon yestm day. 52—lowest this morning and during the night. 57 —this day at noon. BiLZORNIIIR, 30.04—rising. WIND, N.W. ; light, with hazy weather. 40 •„ mot .- ! '7; LONDON, FRIDAY, NOV. 6, 1857. The Bank of England has again raised its minimums rate of discount, which now stands at Dper cent. And it is said that other restrictive measures are under consideration, as well as a further advance, possibly to ten or even twelve per cent. How is it possible that domestic transac tions can be carried on with such an exorbitant and usurious rate of discount The bullionist organs preach submission to the sufferers—de clare that no really sound establishments can be affected by the high price of money. This is all bosh. It is very well for money lenders and usurers, who would look with satisfaction on 20 or 40 per cent, but it is ruin to the real crea tors and producers of national wealth, who will, if employers, be compelled to suspend payments and close their factories, and, if operatives, to appeal with their families to the tender mercies of the union workhouses ; and all through they are, according to the Times and its servile flock of imitators, to play the game of the moneyocracy, and offer themselves up as volun tary sacrifices at the shrine of Mammon ! We do not—we cannot believe, that the indus trious classes are such fools—or that they can be misled by such specious fallacies, and pompous platitudes. The evil has come home to every man's door, and unless adequate remedies be forthwith administered, it is impossible to form any accurate estimate of the results—which may be more ter rible than has yet been anticipated. The Times and its disciples preach against panic—why, there must be a panic. Money at 9 per cent. at head quarters, and nearly double that rate to parties who have not extraordinary facilities for obtaining discounts at Lombard-street or Threadneedle street, must necessarily produce not merely a panic, but a well grounded conviction of approaching ruin. They have the example of New York before them. Eighteen, twenty-four, thirty-six per cent. was demanded and paid, on unexcep tionable paper, and the grievance would have gone on increasing had not the commercial com munity, purely in self-defence, carried the war into the enemy's camp, and, by a run on the banks, enforced a suspension of cash payments. The people of England must do likewise. It is obvious that no relief will be afforded until the Bank itself is pressed to the utmost. Let them run for gold, let them withdraw their deposits, and the Moneyoornoy will speedily be brought to their senses. In 1830 the cry was, " If you would stop the Duke, go for gold ;" and now we sa y, if you would get rid of the iniquitous and impolitic monetary code, go for bullion. If th e bank-notes are but " worthless rags," don't keep them. Lot there be a purely metallic currency, so far as you are concerned, and by sternly insist ing on it for a brief period, you will get rid of the incubus that has been preying on the vitals of industry, and paralysing its energies. The Times says that "the Bank can undertake to provide for wants, not fears. ,/ This is pure bombast. It is an exhibition of its own apprehensions — a mere attempt to disguise the unequivocal failure of the O VERSTONE enactment. If these regulations be good for anything, they otwht .c, bear the strain. The anchors by which a vessel is preserved from shipwreck are nor.- proPoNVe merely for fair weather they must bear the Ammo strain that can reasonably be anticipated, cid ) it pot suited for the emergency, they should I be discarded as worse than useless. In like manner the act that has once been suspended, and must now again be set aside, should never again be restored. It has been thrice " weighed in the balance and found wanting," and must, therefore, be completely abrogated. The emergency is great, so also should be the remedy. The mere authority to issue additional notes will not now be suffi cient as it was in 1847. There is a con tinuous drain to India, to the Continent, and to America. Any bullion that may arrive from Australia—the only quarter from whence it can be expected, will be purchased over our heads in our own markets. The Bank of England cannot compete with parties willing to pay a handsome premium. They must yield, and involve the en tire community in suffering and distress. An issue of 1/. notes would probably suffice ; but the only certain cure would be the establishment of a domestic currency, receivable in payment of every national impost. This would at once afford the necessary relief. Millions, aye, tens of millions of sovereigns, now required for the transactions of every-day life, would at once be liberated, and flow into the public treasury or the coffers of the Bank, and general ease would be restored within a few days, or weeks at the out side. Let monetary reformers then take advantage of the opportunity. Let the industrious classes shake off the apathy which has permitted and pro duced such untoward results. The game is in their own hands, they hold the winning cards, and if they do not choose to play them, they have only themselves to thank for the consequences, whatever tney may be. In America the amount of failures, officially reported since Ist August, has been nine hundred firms, with liabilities amount ing to ninety millions of dollars, or eighteen millions of pounds sterling. In this country the amount will be far greater, unless summary and decisive measures be adopted to check the grow ing evil. It ought not to be forgotten for an instant, in regard to these 80,000 or 100,000 Bengal Sepoys who have suddenly turned their brands upon us as mutineers, that their ingratitude is, in a manner, quadruple. Recollect, in the first place, that their enlist ment was voluntary. Remember, in the next place, that their pay was at once secure and munificent. Bear in mind that they had retiring pensions insured to them—sufficient to guarantee for the evening of their lives the solace of competence, and consequently of contentment. And hold in memory, beyond all this, the fact that they possessed absolute assurance, not less than their European officers, of—promotion by seniority. Always, of course, upon the proviso that they did not forfeit all claim to the boon by neglect of duty or misconduct. Yet, these are the men who have suddenly, by one flagrant and insensate act of revolt, scattered to the winds—their "voluntary" service i—their "ample " pay f—their "inevitable" pension ! and their " promotion" by seniority ! These are She men who have, in recompense for being thus pampered, perpetrated in cold blood atrocities, for a parallel to which we may search in vain the pages of evan Asiatic History. It is startling enough to remember the precise words formally written no less than a full quarter of a century since by Sir CH.A.B.zsa Marrohaars— words exactly bearing upon this present calamity ~wworas which may still be found in a state paper penned in 1832 by the hand of that eminent man, a paper relating in its very title to the Machinery of Indian Government. Quoth Sir CHARLES METCALFE five and twenty years ago in that memorable passage of that news paper—" Our whole real strength consists [the tense applies equally to 1857 and 1832 ! J in the few European regiments, speaking comparatively, that are scattered singly over the vast extent of subjugated India." In the QUEEN'S troops—not in the native regiments. Not in the dark-blooded &Toy bands loitering away their time down those long parallel rows of matted huts termed the " lines " of their regiments in the chosen sites of their military cantonment—sprawling in oriental indolence along the rude cushions of their ca ar poys until the hour at last strikes transforming them from the semblance of men into a grimly horde, seemingly midway between demons and ourang-outangs. The peril encountered at such a juncture being to a certain extent of course easily calculable by the Europeans. Calculable for instance so far That we may have in recollection the fact that every regiment of Native Infantry had nominally at tached to it 25 European officers—several of them with families. Every regiment besides this con sisting of tea companies—each company being composed of two commissioned native officers, the captain and lieutenant, otherwise th e Soubhadar and Jemadar ; with twelve non-c.-ma missioned native officers, viz., six sergeants or havildars, and six corporals or naiks—with 100 Soper, rank and file. Such literally were the explosive materials among which in the spring of this year the sparks of revolt were abruptly and mysteriously scattered broadcast. The Maho medan and Hindoo elements—both equally ini mical to ourselves—being at the outbreak in the Bengali army as one to fifteen ; that is to say, fifteen Hindoos, (and these for the most part high-caste Brahmins and Rajpoots) to one Maho- medan. For years and years the danger had been lying dormant under those suspicious pre portions. It had often been suspected. It had occasionally been clearly recognised, and pointedly indicated, and boldly and explicitly prophesied, as already shown by our extract from that State paper, written in 1832 by Sir CHARLES MET CALTE. But earlier than that date, as far back as the July of 1824, Sir JOHN MALCOLM had bluntly declared in so ma n y words, " The native soldiers are always appealed to [are, observe, in 1824 1] and the advice to them is [is, mark, in 1824 1] in all instances I have met with, the same." And that advice —note it well, every syllable of it !—" Your European Tyrants are few in number ; kill them t" it i s precisely, literally, actually the very self-same advice addressed far and wide in 1857 to the Bengal mutineers 1 It is the epitome, in one in stance, of the policy of old MEERZA. ABOO &MI: cm —the fugitive octogenarian Prince, who assumes to himself the title of King of DELHI, styling him- self in GH thatfAinAix l I capacity ti s h M e li Apa upon OIeMEDS which AJ-OODEII tine E Rebels are everywhere sumnumed around the green standard of the Mogul, insurgents. It is, to sum up all in one phrase, the gist of the advice given to his followers by the monster of Ca,wnpore, the sleek and infamous SREEIRTNT NIIRSO. PUN; the adopted son of the late ex-Peishwab, BADJEE h RAo, the eldest among i$ adopt e d sons, now known and execrated far and wide over the sur -2,,ee of iho earth by the abhorred name of NANA. ..;AEf[l3 ! Few, however, though the Europ a . Ttrants" of India have been, comparatively they I.* e-% • tstipeeiaeksitingp,r(i)vnedpotmoo many numbers,' av erver any for their murderous as-1 sailants—those only being killed " off-hand" who THE SUN, LO 2 NDON: FRIDAY EVEN;ING, NOVEMBER 6, 1857. were unfortunately in the first instance surprised. The tide of war has happily now turned, and is already rolling back with cumulative force and re doubled velocity upon the mutineers. LATEST NEWS. THE MEDITERRANEAN. A. very important interview has taken place between Sir BENJAMIN HALL, and a deputation from the Metropolitan Beard of Works, in refe rence to the important question of the main drainage of the metropolis. Mr. J. THWAITES, the chairman of the Metropolitan Board, clearly explained the wishes of that body. We must say, however, that Sir BENJAMIN HALL proved beyond the possibility of doubt the propriety of effecting greater improvements, no matter what might be the expense, than those suggested by the subordinate body. The object of the Legislature, which created that body, was to cleanse and purify the Thames, to prevent it from becoming the receptacle of every abomination that might be cast into it, so that it might no longer be the cloaca maxima of the metropolis. It is manifest that this design cannot possibly be accomplished so long as impurities are suffered to flow into it from any quarter, whether within or without the district placed under the jurisdic tion of the commissioners ; and also that the sewage matter must be conveyed to a sufficient distance, to prevent the possibility of its being conveyed back with the flowing tide. Half measures would be worse than useless, and only lead to enhanced expense at some future time. They should therefore be sedulously avoided, and a large and comprehensive measure, adequate to the magnitude of the emergency, introduced with, lall convenient speed. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY MORNING. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Sultan, Captain Cook, has arrived with advices from Alexandria to Oct. 21 ; Malta, 26th ; Gibraltar, 31st. The Sultan brings a number of military and naval invalids, women, and children, from Malta ; on freight 1,5001. in gold coin, 32 cases of shawls, 80 packages elephants' teeth, 30 bales woo l , 7 2 b ags gum, and 71 packages general me rc h an di se. Her Majesty's ship Tartarus was at Alexandria ; Hibernia at Malta ; and Curlew at Gibraltar. During the voyage the Sultan spoke the Austra lian barque Lucy, the Antwerp brig Bellona, the barque Rialto, and steamers Dutchman, Indus, African, and Ripon. Gibraltar exchanges on the 21 st—London, 501 ; Paris, 537 ; Genoa, NO ; Marseilles, 538. PRANCE. PARIS, THURSDAY EVENING. By an Imperial decree in the Moniteur General Renault has been raised to the dignity of Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, General Chapuis to that of Grand officer, and Colonels Comignan and Legrand to that of Commander. Other decrees make eight promotions to the rank of officer, and 32 nominAtions to that of knight, and confer 45 military medals among officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates of different branches of the military service. The following telegraphic despatch has been re ceived here " MARSEILLES, Nov. s.—The Sultan was much an noyed on hearing of the vote of the Divans, and on the following day testified his irritation when dining witb Reschid Pacha, and a!terwards to Fethi Pacha. Mous tapha Pacha did not resign, but was dismissed in rather a rough manner. A firman was sent to him in the night to tell 4iim that he had been placed en disponsibilite. Aali Pacha, and Fuad Pacha, president of the Tanztmat, were requested to remain at their posts. The Presse d' Orient contradicts the assassination of Christian priests by the Kurds. Lord Stratford de Redcliffe attended the service performed on the fast day of the 22d, on account of the affairs in India." Mr. THWAITES declared that the whole matter turned on a question of finance. Sir BENJAMIN HALL clearly and distinctly refuted his arguments, and pointed out the impolicy of any short-sighted and inadequate expedients. He showed also that the metropolitan districts—comprising property rated at no less than twelve millions sterling per annum—had ample means to complete a work worthy of the British nation, and effectually pro viding for the contemplated objects. The cost of so doing would be provided for by a rate of less than 6d. in the pound, and, considering the import ance of the object, that could not surely be con sidered a very serious sacrifice. But the purification of the Thames may be re garded as a national object, and some assistance ought to be rendered by the public Treasury. Thi s assistance need not be by money. It need not cost a single farthing to the Exchequer, but an issue of Exchequer-bills, or a National Guarantee, would enable the parties to obtain the requisite funds at 3k or 3i, in place of at 5 per cent. This would virtually save a third of the entire cost, and without the slightest risk to the country. Of course the Chancellor of the Exchequer must be consulted, and Sir BENJAMIN HALL very kindly volunteered to accompany Mr. THWAITES on any day that he might select for the purpose of fully discussing the entire matter with Sir G. C. LEWIS. Let a final and comprehensive scheme be proposed, and we are quite satisfied that it will be received in a proper manner, and that the existing difficulties will be smoothed away, and every thing arranged in a mode alike honourable and beneficial to the metropolitan districts and to the community at large. BOURSE, Nov. 5.—A telegraphic despatch has announced that the Bank of England has raised the rate of discoutr, to 9 per cent. French Secu rities were, however, steady to the close, when the following were the last quotations : Cash. tr. 4} per Cents 3 per Cents 66 80 End of Month. —fr. ----:.. 67 B;,nk Shares 2930 --- Credit Foncier 515 Credit Mobilier 772 50 Roman - Do. Account 770 Austrian Belgian 4i (xd) 97 Spanish Threes — Fiedmontese (5) 9O Home Debi ... 374— RAILWA.YS—FOR CASH. fr. ir . Orleans Midi Northern - Western Ne w Ditto ........... 720 Strasburg Lyons and ri1ed...... 805 Grand Central New Ditto... ....... 805 Sardinian r Geneva 59 0 ..— Austrian Coln. ...... 6.33/ BELGIUM. The ministerial crisis in Belgium does not appear to have advanced much towards a solution. There seems to be no doubt that M. Henri de Brouckere did accept the mission to compose a new cabinet, and the following names were at one moment in circulation as those which would be found on his list :—Liedts, interior ; Faidar, justice ; Quoilin, fitmnce ; Renard, war ; and M. de Brouckere him self taking the administration of the department of foreign affairs. The intention was, it appears, to form a ministry merely for business, to carry on affairs until the elections in June, 1858. Since then, M. he Brouckere, having ascertained from several confer ences with members of the left that such a position would be untenable for any Ministry, found himself obliged to inform the King that the projected arrangement could not be carried out, and that he feared it would be impossible for him to compose a Cabinet. So matters, the Belgian journals state, 1 now remain, the general opinion being that ano- Lbor member of the_Left would be sent for by his Majesty. Meanwhile, the Ministerial crisis has led to some changes in the programme for the opening of the session on the 10th inst. A review of the civic guard of Brussels, which was to take place on that day, has been countermanded, and it is believed that on the presen t oceasion there will not be either a royal sitting or speech from the throne. BANK RATE OF DISCOUNT. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sul s —l think you will agree with me, and with the bulk of the merchants in this important city, that it is high time something were done to give relief to the money market in such periods as the present one. The Times would have us sit down quietly, and finance so as to accommodate ourselves to cir cumstances. This is all very well for the great capi talists, who have money to lend ; but then—the other party ! Do the borrowers believe it is a right state of things, and that all should have their profits sucked up and trade stagnated, mills stopped, and all hands turned adrift ? No, sir ; they see that all should not suffer for a knot of " fast" traders in New York, and they suggest that Government should afford relief by authorising the Bank to issue, say five millions of one-pound notes, with the national guarantee, such notes to take the place of the departed gold, but to be withdrawn as we revert to a more wholesome state of things. To-day the rise caused a deal more anxiety than the Times will admit. SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the Ist, which have ar rived in due course, contain a good deal on the alleged ministerial crisis, but whatthey say amounts to nothing more than what was stated yesterday. The Espana, a semi-official organ, though repro ducing the details given by its contemporary, repeats its declaration of the previous day that " for the present at least the rumours of a minis terial, crisis have no reasonable foundation." The slme journal states, in contradiction to what has been said, that neither the Duke de Valencia (Nar vaez) nor M. Bravo Murillo has any intention of going abroad ; it says also that Queen Christina does not intend to return to Spain for the present, though invited to do so for her daughter's accouch ment. The Fenix affirms that if the Queen gives birth to a 'mince, the Pope h as p rem i se d to be his godfather, if a princess, that the Duke and Duchess de Montpensier are to be godfather and godmother. The Queen and King, on leaving the church of Atocha on the previous evening, were so struck with the appearance of the planet Jupiter that they went to the Observatory expressly to view it through a telescope. A royal decree appoints M. Lozano, ex-Minister of Justice, public prosecutor of the Supreme Court. Your obliged servant, MANUFACTURES. PROROSATION OE PARLIAMENT.—HOUSE OF LORDS this day.—Their lordships formally assembled this after. noon, for the purpose of hearing the royal commission read by which Parliament was again prorogued until the IZth December. The ceremony occupied only a few minutes. The Duchess of Inverness entertained at dinner, on Wednesday evening, at her apartments, in Kensington Palace, his Excellency the Prussian Minister and the Countess Bernstorff, the Duke of Bedford, Count Bran denburgh, &c. The Duke and Duchess of Norilrambeiland are still at Ale wick Castle, Northumberland, ent!rtaining a select clrclo of visitors. A Vienna letter, in the Cologne Gazette, says : " Whilst Austria and England present their con gratulations; to Prince Alexande r o f S erv i a on his escape from assassination, and their approbation of his measures, the consuls of France and Rus sia adhere to the protests o f th e sena t ors w h o have resigned against those measures. This con duct on the part of France excites great surprise ; but it causes none as regards Russia, for the said senators belong to the Russia party. Several Terviane, compromised in the recent plot,. have sought refuge on Austrian territory, and will not be given up. No orders h ave b een g i ve n to in crease , the Austrian troops in the Wiowodme. The Marquis'and Marchioness of Ailesbury are pass, in; the season at Tottenham Park, Wilts. The Marchioness of Londonderry is staying ;in a visit wi h the Earl of Roden, at Tullyrnore Park. The noble marquis is at Mount. Stewart, Downshire. The Countess Craven and the Ladies Evelyn and Elizabeth Craven return to Ashdown Park to-day from visiting Lorr.l and Lady Camoys, at Stonor Park, near Henley - or,-Thames. The noble earl has been in town two or three days, bat will leave to-day to join his husilY at Ashdown Park. Tine Earl and Countess of Cork and Lady Harriet De Bergh left town yesterday morning, for Welbeck Abbey, the seat of tde Duke of Portland. The Earl of Malmesbury is expected in town to-mor row, from Heron Court, near Christchurch. Lady Howard de Walden and the Hon. Miss Ellis are staying on a visit with Lord and Lady Aveland, at Nor man ton Park, Rutlandehire. Lord and Lady Cariogto4 are passing the season at Tickford Park, near Newport Pagnell, Racks. Lord and Lady Loltdesborough and family are pass ing the season at r arinaston Park, Yorkshire. Lady Pet and. the Hon. Mr. a:Ad Mrs. Francis Stonor arrived in Wh',tehall Gardens yesterday from a tour of visits in Scotland. A letter from Milan, in the Augsburg Gazette, says :—" The reduction which is about to be effected in the Austrian army will be greater than was at first intended, being in fact the most consi derable since 1848. Tne depot battalions of all the regiments are to be suppressed, and the third bat talions are to be charged to form recruits. The companies of the battalions retained are to be re duced to 80 men, that is, to half their present number. As the army thus reduced will scarcely suffice for the garrisons in Lombardo-Venetia, the 2d corps d'armee will be increased by a regiment of infantry. Not fewer than 30 generals are tr;be placed on the retired list. The regiments of Romagna and Ancona are to preserve their present effective." Tiscobrat Goderich, M.P., and Major-General Thomp son, M ;P., had an interview with the Earl of Clarendon, and r/resented memorials from the Leeds and Bradford Ch - ambers of Commerce upon the subject of commercial irate:course with the parts of Central Africa recently explored by Dr. Livingston. Mr. Just e• Creeswell, who has ben, appointed the Judge of the New Court of Probate, kas just appointed his cousin, Mr. Robert N. Cromwell, barrister-at -law, to be his secretary. Lady Havelock, the wife of General Havelock, ac companied by her two daughters, arrived at the St. Katherine's Wharf, Lond on , on i'ednesday morning, by the General Steam Navigation Company's steamship Holland, from Ostend. BUST 01' THE LATE MN. TIROTHEETON.--A. very striking aid beautifully taw :Jilted bust of the late Joseph Brother..ton, Esq., M.P. has just been placed in the Manrnester Town it having been executed by Mr. M. Noble, on a commission soon given after Mr. rsrotherton's deal..re, on behalf of some of his personal friends and adr.airers. The bust is of white marble-on a pedestal of 'olack. Lout - FITZHARDINON'S WILL.—The Bristol Mercury says :--" With regard to the late Earl Fitzhardinge's will, some particulars have transpired. The property P.'.most in its entirety, so far as any member of the family is concerned, passes to Admiral Sir Maurice Berkeley. We believe we are right in saying that none of the younger brothers benefit in any way, Mrs. Barker comes in for a handsome share. She is left 20,0001. in cash, an annuity of 1,0001., German Cottage, Chelten ham, the villa she at present holds in that town, and Acton Hall, near Berkeley. To each of her children is left 2,0001., besides a commission in the Rifles for one son and a living in the church for another. Mrs. Bann's fortunes would seem to have been on the wane, as she only gets 1,0001. and 7001. per annum. 'We are told that one condition attached to the bequest of Actin Hall to Mrs.. Barker was, that she should sell it to Sir Maurice Berkeley if he wished to possess it, and that he has purchased it of her." The Gloucester Journal says: —" We understand, also, that the deeen,:ud bee tie queathed 10,0001. to Mr. Mor.ton Berkeley ; a gun , add some other trifles, to Mr. H. Berkeley, M.P. ; and his xaeht to Mr. A y thiustlskecic,eloy,_who,.tt iisaici, has has been left to any of his dependents, hi g h or low, and it may be added that the whole of tae household servant, at Berkeley Castle bane bon discharged." The vote of the people of Neufchatel on the de cree of the Grand Council relative to the electoral bases for the Constituent Council is fixed for the Bth. The Grand Council is convoked for the 9th ihst. to receive the vote, and take measures accord ingly. that the so ill th a t th e last sacrament A letter f rom Na lee of the 3 0 th ult., states and wife o f D on Sebast i an, o f Spain, had become Prin cess DLL:Maria, sister of the Ki n g , to her ; b u t that H.R. H. a f terw ards became a littl e better, thou g h th e grea t es t disquietude continued to be felt respecting had been administered her. A PaisoNEß JUMPING THROUGH A RAILWAY WINDOW. --Last night information was received b y the police of th e escape of a prisoner named Henry Wheat ley, supp ose d to be connected w i t h a n otorious gan g i n the neighb our h ood of the W a terloo-road, Lambeth. Two officers were conveying the man to Sta ff ord gaol along the South Staffordshire R a ilway, when he entered into con versation with th em , admitting that he wa s guilty of the crim e i mputed to him, an d said that when he got liberated h e would never be gu il ty o f a similar offence. Whilst th e t ra i n was proceed i ng a t its full speed along the line, an d when about half way b e t we en Wichnor and Airmail station, he made a sudden da rt throu g h the window o f t h e carriage, and, jump i ng upon the side of the railway, managed, before any communication could be made w ith the guard or eng i ne -d r iver, to effect a retreat. 11 e h described as follows:- 6 feet 6 inches high, sienaer make, p a le clmp!e,ci"s dark brown hair in small ringlets, worn rather lung, brown eyes, small beard, light colour, sharp-pointed nose, thick lips, and prominent c hi n. At the time he jumped through the window b e wore a black c:ip wit h pea k f as hi ona bl y made,awl fizad jauntily on .:no ':ids 91 I lia hi , a l , a 100 ' 4 dark overcoat, dark-coloqred !rouser', dark-vefe, and lace-up bouts, holes. He i s a : we l l-known cardsharper, an d h as recectly with p a t en t l e atintir tops and brass litre been carrying on that business at Nottingham, Sheffield, and Birmingham, and there is no doubt he will attempt to do the same in Landnn. suffice to fill the vacuum caused by depreciation and actual losses. It is well known that some of our largest railway loans have been negotiated in London by the Anglo-American banking houses, and it is also well known that they are direct holders of large amounts of our most worthless railroad securities and bonds, which are not worth to-day 10 cents on the dollar, and ranked as the lowest class before this revulsion commenced. Those houses will be sorely tried by this panic and pro- Ntration. The class of houses in London and Liverpool that will feel seriously the state of our markets are those directly and indirectly connected with our foreign im port trade. Those concerns are pretty well distributed and pretty well backed up with capital. They are located in all the principal cities of Great Britain, and are able to stand a pretty good bleeding. We do not fear much for this class of merchants, for the aggre gate amount due from this side in the way of trade is not large. It must be borne i❑ mind that our actual iudebt• educes •n our last year's foreign trade was not at the close very heavy. Payments up to the last moment be ! fore the revulsion commenced were liberally made, and we have only to point to our immense exportation of specie during the year ending June 30, 1857, for a con firmation of this statement. The balance due at the close of the old year, and the obligations incurred on the new, are so well distributed among the manufacturers of Ea: ope that we do not look for any disastrous con sequences to that class. In 1837 the foreign import trade of the country was carried on through credits with three great banking houses in London and the re vulsion brought them down without ruining any of the manufacturers of Birmingham or Manchester. This debt is now better distributed, and withal cannot be very large. The railroad interest is a verydifferent affair. The full indebtedness of the different railroad companies is represented on paper, and that paper floats about from hand to hand as so much currency, or settles down in the hands of capitalists and others as so much productive property. So long as its credit and negotiability is main tained, its value is real, and represents actual wealth. It will pay debts from one mar to another, and serves ma terially in adjusting balances in money matters. The moment this enormous interest became discredited, that moment hundreds of millions of property became nomi nally valueless, and all these widely extended banking houses and business houses generally dealing in and based upon this class of securities found themselves at once without support. We have seen the effect of the collapse in this property on this side of the Atlantic. It will not be many weeks before the full effect of such an utter annihilation of value will be seen upon the same class of banking houses in London." NEW YORK COMMERCIAL REPORT. FRIDAY, OCT. 23. Ashes—The receipts were light and prices were firmer. Pots were saleable at 6ic, while pearls were scarce at 6s, and few or none to be had at that figure. Breadstriffs—Flour : There was a good domestic and eastern demand, with some purchases for export, while the market was firm and closed at an advance of about 5c per brl. The sales embraced about 9,000 to 10,000 brie, at about the following quotations :—Superfine State, 4 dole 70c to 4 dole 80c ; extra State, 5 dole to 5 dole 250 ; Western Ohio and Ohio superfine, 4 dole 70c to 4 dots 80c ; extra Ohio and Western, 5 dole 25.1 to 5 dole 70c ; Canadian superfine and extra, 5 dole 10c to 6 dole Mc; Baltimore, Alexandria, and Georgetown, 5 dole 40c to 5 dole 50c ; Southern fancy and extra, 5 dole 90c to 7 dole 20c ; choice extra family and bakers' brands, 7 dole 25c to 8 dole 50c ; rye flew-, 3 dole 25c to 4 dole 60c ; corn meal, 3 dole 25c to 3 dole 80c. Canadian was firmer, with sales of about 400 to 500 brie at the above figures. Southern was in better supply, and prices closed heavy for common, while extra was unchanged, The sales embraced about 1,500 barrels to 1,800 barrels at the above figures. Rye flour and corn meal were steady at the above prices, with little doing. Wheat—There continued to be a good demand, while prices were without change of moment for prime to choice lots. Common and me dium grades were easier. The sales embraced about 25,000 to 30,000 bushels, including red Southern, at 1 dol 25c, 1 dol 30c, and 1 dol 34c ; prime to choice white Southern and Tennessee, at 1 dol 40c to 1 dol 48c ; Chicago spring and Milwaukie red, at 1 dol 04e to 1 dot 8c ; and Indiana and Ohio white, at 1 dol 25c. Corn was easier, with sales of 20,000 bushels; Western mixed at 69c to 70c, with one cargo out of order at 68c. Rye was quiet at 80c. Oats were steady for State and Western, at 47c to 50c. " Coffee—The auction sale held to-day was a fair one, sustained prices. About 1,310 bags of Rio were sold at 108 c to 11ic—average, 10 60c ; 700 to 800 ditto. Marcaibo were so.d at p t ; 50 Rio at 11c; and 100 mats of Java at 163,c ; and 40 Maracaibo at 12ic. " Cotton was quiet, the stock very light, and no sales of moment were reported. Sales were made (reported yesterday by telegraph) in New Orleans at no to 100 for middling to good middling, with sales of 3,500 bales. /freights—To Liverpool about 15,000 bushels of corn, in bags, were engaged at his ; 10 tons of oil at 22s 6,1 ; flour was quiet at 2s 3d, and cotton at id ; 400 boxes cheese were taken at 25s ; 400 barrels lard at 20c ; and 300 barrels rosin at 2s 3d. To London-11 barrels ashes were taken at 27s 6d, and 300 barrels rosin at 2s 31. To Glasgow-5,000 bushels of wheat were engaged yes terday, in bags, at Bd. A vessel was taken for deals, to load at St. George's for Liverpool, at 775. Rates to Havre were unchanged. Fruit—The sales were confined to about 200 to 300 boxes raisins at about 2 dole 50c to 2 dole 60c, and layers at 2 dole 75c to 2 dole 60e. Halves and quarters were unchanged. . Hay was in fair shipping demand at 55c to 65c, with sales of about 300 to 400 bales. Iron was dull and prices unchanged. Lime was quiet at 62c for common, and at 1 del for lump. Molasses—Sales of 50 hogsheads Cuba muscovado and 34 ditto Porto Rico were made at private terms. Naval Stores—The market was steady for spirits, with sales of 400 to 500 barrels at 40c for cash. Crude was firmly held at 3 dole 50c per 2801 b. Common rosin was heavy, while sales of about 2,000 barrels were reported at 1 dol 350 to 1 del 40c per 3101 b delivered, and about 1,200 barrels strained No. 2 were reported at 1 del 65c per 3101 b. Other kinds were quiet. Ois—The market was heavy, and sales of about 2,000 to 4,000 gallons of American linseed were made at 63c to 65c cash. The chief movements in crude sperm and whale was confined to shipments hence acd from New Bedford for Europe on owners' account. Small sales of refined winter bleached whale were reported at 85c, four months. There was no movement worthy of notice, in other kinds. Provisions—Pork was dull and lower ; the sales were confined to lots of from 100 to 200 brls, including mess at 20 dols 50c, and 16 dole ioc to 16 dole 75c for prime. Beef was in limited demand, and the market heavy ; sales of western repacked were made at 12 dole 50c to 13 dole 50c, and 75 brls extra country prime sold at 9 dole 25c to 9 dole 75c, and old and new mess ditto at 10 dole 50e to 13 dole ; other descriptions were unchanged. Bacon and cut meals were quiet and nominal. Lard was unchanged, with sales of 100 to 130 brls at 12c to 13c, and choice at 14c. Butter and cheese were unchanged. Rice—Sales of 2,250 bags of Calcutta were made at p t, and small lets of Caroline at 3c to 4c. Sugars—There continued to be a good demand from the trade. and prices were firmly maintained. The sales embraced about 1,261 hhds, included in which were 261 hhds. Porto Rico at 6ic, 81c, and 8 1 2 c P and the re mainder Cuba amcsovado at 61c, 71c, and Bc. Tobacco—The business is unsettled and very little doing. The sales embraced 23 Kentucky at 8c to 14c ; 32 bales Havatia, at p t ; 133 bales Cuba, at p t ; 9 hlids stripes, damaged, at auction, at 3c to 6.1 c, average 140. Whisky—Sales of 400 brie were made at 21c. Wool—There is yet nothing doing in this article ; the trade is perfectly stagnant. We have nothing to report either for cash or on time. We continue our quotations, for we cannot give a correct value to any description of wool. A cash buyer can make his own price for any kind of domestic. A`: , IERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 5. The United States steam-ship Vanderbilt, Capt. Edward Higgins, arrived at Cowes this morning from New York, which she left on the evening of the 24th ult. Her departure was delayed for six hours, expecting to bring the mails of the Collin's s'eamer Atlantic, which had met with some trifling accident, but she did not bring them. The Atlan tic was to leave for Liverpool on the 26th. The Vanderbilt brings 183 passengers for South ampton and Havre, but has no specie. Her arrival off Hurst was telegraphed at 9 a.m., but Ovasmall steamer, with her passengers, die,, for this poet, did not arrive here till after 2 p.m. The delay was caused by the Vanderbilt touching the ground at the Brambies as she was making Cowes, there being a very dense fog at the time ; but she fortunately got off again easily without sustaining any further damage than three hours' detention, and has pro ceeded on to Havre. She has had very rough weather during the voyage across the Atlantic. The Jason, screw steamer, from Southampton, arrived at New York on the 23d, having experienced during the passage a series of heavy gales from the westward, with a sea running the equal of which had not been seen by the oldest seaman on board. Despatches had reached Washington from Col. Alexander, commanding the advance of the Utah military expedition—the first received since the de tachment left Fort Leavenworth. Col. Alexander and his command, consisting of eight companies of the 10th Infantry, had marched a distance of 620 miles within the time allotted by the orders issued by General Harney. The soldiers had enjoyed ex cellent health, and the loss of animals had been but trifling. The United States' surveying-ship Arctic, Com mander Berryman, arrived at New York on the 22d. Ske had been absent over three months, making surveys along the coast of Newfoundland connected with the Atlantic Telegraph scheme, and deep sea soundings and thermumetrical observa tions in the Gulf Stream. Inreference to the Ohio State election a despatch from Cleveland of the 22d say 2 : " The official returns from 72 counties have been re •ived. Chase's majority, official and reported, is 2,027. The indications are that the Senate will stand 15 Re publicans to 18 Democrats ; and the House, Republicans 46, Democrats 57." The New York Republican State Central Com mittee had issued an address to their friends urging , them to instantly organize in support of the prin ciples and candidates of the Republican party. From Washington a despatch informs us that the President, bearing that ex-President Piece contem plated visiting Madeira for the benefit of his wife's health, had, through the Secretary of the Navy, tendered him a passage in the steamer Powhattan, which was on the eve of leaving for the East Indies, touching at Madeira. The Liverpool packet-ship Jacob A. Westervelt took fire in New York Harbour on the 23d iu her cabin, and before the flames could be subdued she was damaged to the amount of about 2,000 dots. A meeting of the directors and shareholders of the New York and Erie Railroad was held on the 22d in the lecture-room of the Mercantile Library, for the purpose of raising subscriptions to relieve the road from its present financial embarrassments. About 400,000 dols. were subscribed, and a com mittee appointed to collect subscriptions. A convention of delegates from New York coun try bank was held at Syracuse on the 22d. 0 wing to the insufficiency of the notice eiven—the cir culars calling the meeting having 'been destroyed by the burning of the mailbags on the Central Rail road a few days ago—there was but a thin at tendance, only 36 delegates being present, re presenting a capital of some 6,000,000 dols. Re solutions were adopted recommending the coun try banks to discount to the extent of their ability, and to aid in bringing produce to the seaboard; also appointing a special committee to effect an association for the mutual protection and interest of the banks, and to arrange a system of redemption and exchange. Tha delegates expressed themselves very freely with regard to the city banks. The meeting stood adjourned, subject to the 'call of the special committee. Several large and extensively known houses in New York had signified their willingness to receive consignments of flour and grain from the West, among whombesides Messrs. Spofford and Tileston, we may mention Messrs. Grinnell, Minturn, and Co., and others had been mentioned as willing to do the same thing, and to pay freights and charges to New York, with the view of aiding in the move ment of breadatuffe from the interior to the sea board, by which the present pressure might be alleviated and exchanges equalised. Commercial affairs continued in a very unsettled and unsatisfactory state. The Aew York Herald of the 24th, in its review of the previous day's money market, says : " This (the 23d) has been a very blue day in wall-street. So far as the stock-market is concerned we see nothing in the immediate future but depreciation arid disappoint - - talent. As for speculation, it is out of the question. The bulls have a very gloomy aspect, end outside holders of stocks who want money must make up their minds to take lower prices. At the first board to-day Virginian Sixes declined 2 per cent. ; Bank of America, 1 ; Cumberland Coal, ; Pacific Steamship Company, 2 ; New York Central Railroad, 14 ; Galena and Chi cago, 24 ; Reading, 1 ; Michigan Southern old, 11 ; ditto preferred, 1 ; Panama, 14 ; Illinois Central Rail road, 1 ; Clevelan and Pittsburg, 2 ; Cleveland and Toledo, 1 ; Chicago and Rock Island, 14. Illinois Central bonds advanced 11 per cent. There is no life in the market. "At the second board the decline in prices was to some extent upon a very limited amount of business. Nearly all the transactions were for cash. Virginia State Sixes fell off 6 per cent. • Erie bonds, 1871, 2 ; Pennsyl vania Coal, 4; New York Central Railroad, 3 ; llnd on Railroad, 1 ; Michigan Southern preferred, 1.; Erie Railroad, 4 ; Reading, 2 ; Panama, 2 ; Chicago and Rock Island, 44 ; La Crosse and Milwankie, I. Stocks are rapidly running back to the old level. " The apprehensions in financial circles regarding the course of the money-market and money matters gene rally ara as great now as at any time during the present revulsion, and the panic is as wide-spread and as intense as at any previous period. The next steamer from Europe is looked for with the greatest anxiety. She will not bring the worst by a great deal. Up to the date of her departure they had received in England nothing worse than the suspension of the Philadelphia and Balti more banks and a few heavy failures among the com mercial classes. When the news of the suspension of the banks of the City of New York arrives in London there will, beyond all doubt, be a panic equal to anything realized on this side. The suspension of the Bank of England and the Beak of France are events wo shaii hot be surprised to see reported by any steamer tifer that. We do not see hoer they can coating specie payments in the face of an active demand for gold for shipment to the United Sates. We understand that a large amount of sterling bills of exchange • were re turned by the Europa. Bills drawn by the Pennsylvania Bank in London were returned protested for non acceptance. They are supposed to have been mere kites for speculative purposes. Bills drawn by Robb, Hallett, and Co., in London, were also returned nos-accepted. The return of these bills must create a great deal of diffi culty among houses here who remitted them to meet maturing liabilities abroad. The acceptances in London in antic'pation of remittances from this side to meet the bills, have, of course, been made to an immense amount ; and as no remittances have been made since the revulsion here commenced, the position of houses in London must be reo.;ered very precarious. "The assistant-treasurer reports to-day as follows : Total receipts $102,597 94 Total payments ... ... 140,997 06 Total balance ... 5,910,106 52 Of the receipts to-day $41,000 was on account of duties. " The total number of failures officially reported since the let of August is about 900. It is estimated that the total liabilities of these suspensions will amount to full 90,000,000 dole. It will be seen by this that there is plenty of food for a general bankrupt law. During the whole of the revulsion in 1837 the number of failures reported in this city was about 500 ; but the re turns under the bankrupt l aw , i n 1841, showed that 5,000 took the benefit of that act, showing liabilities amounting to about 50,000,000 dole. "The announcement of the suspension of Robb, llal lett, and Co. this morning created some surprise. TIII4 is a branch of a house of the same name in New Orleans. The bank of Jam es Robb, of New Orleans, .s a company, and therefore a separate cemeern.wsbeTh .e su h n ou d.s se d . of Talleut an d Wilde, of San Francisco, we believe, in some years since by Mr. Robb, buts h er e, except in their it i no way connected with the houses ae w exchange operations, which perly protected. Messrs. Robb, e , H e understand, lliltt an andCo b . e h p a r Hallett, th • a branch house in London , a nd they have done a very large foreign exchange busin ess. Agd many of eir bills, it is reported, came back by the .. Europa. " The Lebanon Valley Railroad Company has been obliged to suspend its work near Aarrisburg, and SR) labourers are discharged from its unfinished sections. " Tne work upon the whole line of the Auburn and Allentown Railroad was etJpped last Wednesday, owing to the suspension of Messrs. Choteau, Saniford aa, - ; co. All tne workmen have been discharged. " The steamship Persia, from Liverpool, is about due at this port, with seven days' later intelligence from Europe. Her arrival is anxiously looked for. We have an doubt the advices she will bring will be of the most unfavourable character. The full force of our financial revulsion will be known in London before her departure, and the effect will have shown itself in the money-market. The difficulties and embarratio rnonts of the Bank of England have doubtless, been severely augmented by the disasZxous intelligenct: taken out from this country, and we may look for most gloomy accounts, The bankruptcy of our large railroad eotnpanies must be unfavourable intelligence to a ;arge 1;oc1,y ofEuropean c.pita!it.:3, 1 :10k t.O those .10Ust, C.. — :ticsCOd with the fir:J.l,o,-;; o f th ese newe will be of the most startling importance. The ' Anglo-American banking houses of London will be the most serious sufferers by the collapse in our railroad credits. Several of them must be very deeply involved, n ♦hair wari;inia GENERAL WILSON. At a dinner at Beccles, Suffolk, to commemorate the fall of Delhi, Lieut.-Colonel Wilson gave the following interesting sketch of the career of his brother, General Wilson. Although he has hitherto had no European reputation, he has not been un known in India. In 1819, at the early age of 17, and before he had completed his military studies, the India government being in want of artillery officers, he went to Bengal. Having there conapleted the practical part of his education, be was employed in various parts of that large empire until the siege of Bhurtpoor in 1824,. where he commanded a battery of heavy guns ; and from the efficient manner in which they were worked, and the exe cution done, he was publicly thanked by Lord Combermere, and also received a medal. Shortly after this he was appointed artillery staff officer in the Neemuch division, where he remained several years. Se was afterwards appointed superinten dent of the foundry at Calcutta ; and it is a curious fact that most of the guns employed by him against the enemy during the siege of Delhi, as well as those a n e m aa y bpsp a e o g ni a cu i e n t mo s t rit u wt s : ean w nt e dy r e bf oe a c r a s hisyt e b anr y sa ,mh he e m e. I n wn s h e el d nB that4 b h2 y o,l t da h inf e tegr e enemy his native country, and remained -ur here about two years. On his return to India, so highly was he thought of by the government of the time being, that he Was immediately appointed Adjutant- General of Artillery, an appointment which he held until the last Punjaub war broke out, when he relinquished it to take command of the artillery in the division of the late lamented Sir 1111 ,, h Wheeler. For his services on that occasion lie received a second medal. At the conclusion of that campaign he again returned to this country on one year's leave of absence, and visited me at 15T:ttingharn s near Bungay, where I was then re siding, On his second return to India ho was appointed commandant of artillery in Bengal, and was also made Brijadier of Meerut. The gallant officer proceeded, in fraternal and deservedly com plimentary terms, to narrate General Wilson's more recent services, and he stated five incidentally that ahafted r one battle the general found that days pa ~-ed without his changing his clothes. ---Tia clipper thip Shandan, Cs pf a;r, ulu the pasiage from the Quebec L‘ich, solar as we are aware, citing ship. She is -at model, which 'vow Dcsily QUICK PASSACat, Walt:3r Grtig, has j u.sf Ku, to Clyde in seventeen dam w, is the fastest on record for A 4, considered by all nautical men a per, says not a littla for our Oly bnilders.-70tiA, THE LAUNOII OF THE LEVIATHAN. " A Mechanic" writes to a contemporary as follows : I have read with great interest your report of the failure of the launch of the Great Eastern or Leviathan. It seems clear to me that it was caused by a needless and most uncalled for deviation from the ordinary method of launching ships. Why the old-fashioned mode of allowing the cradle to slide down a well-greased inclined plane, where the wooden surfaces are prevented from coming in con tact by grease, should have been departed from, is a question Mr. Brunel is called upon to answer. From the smallest sloop to the largest man-of-War that has ever been launched, an inclined plane, of a slope of one foot in twelve, when lubricated with grease, has always been found to answer and to jut sure perfect success. The proportional difference between the bulk and weight of the Leviathan and the Duke of Wellington is not greater than that which exists between the largest man-of-war and A small sloop or cutter. The engineer of the Great E Astern seems to have sought to immortalise bim self by a new method. Neglecting altogether a principle he has made use of most successfulfy in one part of his works, he has introduced it jilt° another in such a manner as to frustrate hlB purposes. Fearful only that his ship should slide down the ways with ton great a velocity, he sought to check that velocity by bringing one surface of iron contact with another under great pressure. Ti" was the method Mr. Brunel adopted to check the revolution of his great drums, and to hold back t- 17 ° great Leviathan, and it was successful. Is it not astonishing that he should have failed to perceiv! that upon the same principle his cradles would n ot ' slide down his ways ; that the enormous pressure even of the resolved portion of the weight of the Leviathan on her ways would produce such a pre s " sire as not only to prevent the motion of her cradles, but even to cause the rails to imbed themselves into the flat plates of iron at the bottom of the eradles It may be said, however, in answer to this objec tion, that the monster ship did move. She did ; but only when by the premature start, before her ways were covered with water, the surface of the rails was thickly covered with blacklead. Wh,"2 this lubricating material had been washed away ,", the rising tide, every effort made to start the s hip down the incline failed to make her budge an inch' Mr. Brunel is a railway engineer ; surely . ui 13 ,e must know how absurd is the attempt to diinien friction when one surface of iron is broug ht in NT: tact with another. His rails were not even polishe,u tuo The surfaces of the plates of iron which formed ,_ base of the cradles, and which were intended t°o down the rails, were, as I have been told, rougla Y. ground on a grindstone. Mr. Brunel has the slid' of determining that a flat iron surface gtl in; on longitudinal railway rails cannot lanuo'L ship In on an incline of 1 in 12 all machinery where it . is intended to ob_ friction, as your report truly states, ir on is ai r the made to work in some other metal. Metals 01 n 0 .. same kind are never brought in contact ; the, glect of this established practice has caused failure of the launch. tides Whether Mr. Brunel waits for the spriug„ of next month, or whether he waits for the Greo rce Kalends, do not believe he will be able to fothe the Great Eastern down her present wags Skilful water. I cannot help regretting that the the builder, who has so admirably done his work ill ,. in construction of the beautiful ship, was 120 v.O trusted with her launch. I believe he would 133. ed been wise enough to have worked on woi l-t principles. The failure, which every vrell-Wokeetr to a great and noble un dertaking must rogrint; would not have been caused by an engine° au blunder, arising from a neglect of the laws of pr tical mechanics. TEE RUSSIANS ON THE AMOOR 8117.0.3* We take the following from a New York PaPe r a : —" Mr. P. NH/ Collins, at Senora , America _ " Consul for the eastern coast of Russia in Asia, 1"0 rived at the mouth of the Am oor in July. He " 1 , 3 ,1 . through the interior of A sia and Siberia fpcirownm Petersburg. He was one of the first arrivalS hi th g e h r e i s v t er p t o h in is t at e the ol navigation, in a boat with two oars and a naa4 C l o u l g li o n d s a em su b s s : l e c p etdibl Lake Baikol, spofrintghe riverMr' sad, about 450 versts east of the navigable water of the Goboleney Mountains, aad about 100 just over and at the foot of versts north of the junction of the on" golia. Descending the Ingoda to its junctioa Iw w , i icit t hohot versts rrsi t t h se i r k f Arao,ri from o e ow. p h. a e s rT s e e h d he see d o te w wm n ob ra r t i o vkee i rs t s arse a bout t i o o l iu s et Amoor, or Sagahlien of the Manchoos. Thence na vigatiog this Mississippi of " the north, Mr. Collins visited the great Mauchoo city of Igo° n, v . r i ne-",. 11 0 e f was received with barbaric pomp by the gove r in l j a the country, in a pavilion on the banks 01„,",-;,, river, but was not allowed to inspect the c it y . he, however, afterwards remedied by eludimg vigilance of the river police and la ndin g at a poin lower down the river. He a rrived at the Russiell port near the mouth of the Amoor in July, after withis p er forming a voyage of 4 , 000 v e r sts by water 60 days. Mr. Collins passed the winter and spring in explorations in Si beria, in visiting an iral6men,,,se ex t en t of country, voyaging i n all some ,firstouv ver sts since he left St. Petersburg. He is the American that has crossed Asia from west to east' from ocean to ocean—and the first white man except Russians, who has crossed the Goboleney mountaind ns and the first who has ever visited Mongolia a Manchuria, and explored those countries from the centre of Asia to the sea. Mr. Collins ex pected to leave Amoor about September for San Francisco, by the way Whine. The Russian war steamer America, left the Amoor in only for China, with-Admiral Puttatten and suite. The admiral goes to China invested with full power by his gn; vernme nt to make a treaty with the Chinese, ancl also to watch the operations of the English during the war. The Russian gover nment have had too iron steamers b uilt in Philadelphia. They were brought out in sections and erected . on the rill during the winter by Americans. They commence' 0 runn ing as soon as the river was clear of ice spring. They are small boats but well adapted f or the navigation of the Amoor. On their trial trips they proved very successful. The Russians were highly pleased with their performances. They are to run up the Amoor, a distance of 2 t 200 miles. They expect to have three more of a similar pat tern on the river next year. There are two AD:10-• r i c an engineers in the employ o f the government on the Amoor. These are from San Francisco. .novigation opens ou the river about the let of June, and closes about the Ist Nov. The weather near the mouth of the river is vet y severe—the ther reometer ranging as low as 30 degs. below zero heel f or m onths. The cou ntr y is buried in snow and ice during six mouths of the year. The travelling is done principally with dogs and reindeer, a nd it is not an unftequent occurrence for the inhabitants to have their limbs frozen. The Russians have dis covered coal. ou the Island of Sagahlien, in the Gulf of Tartary, about 150 miles from the mouth of the Amoor. .[t is of a superior quality for steam iug put poses (bituminous). It is found on fhe sur n e face, in veins averaging five fe et thick and fro eight to ten feet wide. It appears to be in great abundance. Cwt. W. H. Hudson is one of the commanders of the Pacific Mail Steam -Ship Co pany's steamers. He commanded tile stearaer America from San Francisco to the Amoor. After delivering the steamer up there to the Russian Government, he started for the - United States b./ the way 's , of Siberia, in company with seven Russ ian officers." ' LARGE FAILUBL suspension ing of the old house of and important The yesterday' W ill. Vickers, and Co., steel-manufacturers and ir°ll - at Sheffield. The amount of liabilities has not beers on authority, but they ar om a, moured to range between 600,0001. and 700,vv-A The firm is of the most respectable character, al!'" i:s di ffi culties are understood to have arisen 0149.4' from a total cessation of remittances from debtors 11 1 America, whose position a few months back seerecu_, worthy of all confidence. It is confidently belier; that the stoppage will prove but temporary, 311 Ae may be hoped arrangements will be forthwithin":t to prevent the regular business of the establishelea. from being impaired or materially interruP'e They have branch houses at Liverpool, Stockb9roi New York, and Boston. At the comet u s of the present year they possessed a clear surPlAll' as 200,000 1 ., besides large private property ; 312 ' b ' e ett their positive losses thus far in America bav e : i ot extremely small, delay in remittances being a ' 're the only ascertained evil, the prospects of the °j et ditors are very favourable. Annexed is the cireo' issued : • "Sheffield and Liverpool, N ov. " With the deepest regret we have to inform You ti:l the utter disorganisation of commercial and fin It rl : n d affairs in America and the impossibility of seeing the of of the present crisis make a temporary suspension payment imperative upon us. We have instructeti Messrs. arwood, Banner, and So n, of Liverpool, t° H prepare a statement of our affairs which will prove ottr_ assets to consist in so g reat a proportion of meta l s an: real property, and our su rplus to be so large, that tb n;ual payment in full of y our claim is eve beyond uto_ tion, and a ll wo require is time. This statemitoair: will be ready to be laid be fore a meeting o f ,our cred ia on Tuesday the 24 th inst., at 2 o'clock, at ou r offices °. Bheffiele, at which we ur g ently request your atfendas • " We remain ;to. "NAYLOR, 1: CO O TICB.ERS, AVI3 1