The Sun. — London, England, 1817-10-06 00:00:00

E NCi D'S PROSPECTS. LEITER H. To JOHN BULL, Esq. Lord of the Ocean, Lord of the Isles, Dlas!.•r of Arts, and a good Fcllass , of all Societies, &c. •&e. &-..". Before I proceed to a more circumstantial exa mination of -yunr affairs, if may be necessary to give you, my good old friend,, a few hints on the subject of EcoNomY. Now I will not deny that every individual may appear to be richer in pro portion to his savinge, nay, he will he really if be possesses . a fixed income, amil does nut at tempt to increase it by personal industry. But the case is very different with so large a family as yours. Let us suppose that a gi:neral spirit of economy should pervade the nation—that in articles of dress one half should annually be saved—that coaches, gigs, and bankrupt carts were to be given up — that fashions in furniture, &c. shoUld cease to change—and that table beer should usurp the place of Port and Madeira ! Why, truly, no man in.his senses will deny, that the individuals adopting this rigid economy will have more money in their pockets-at the end of the ensuing year thati of the last. But what would be the consequence, if, as must necessarily be the case, one half, or at least one-third, of the ornamental class of la bourers should be thrown out of employment, Would not they and their families come to the parish 1. Would not the Treasury lose all the taxes hitherto paid on the withdrawn expendi ture ; nay, would not all the taxes be lost which arise from the labourer's expenditure alto ? and what should we have to counterbalance all this evil ? Let them disclose who protess to advo cate economy. I confess, JOHNNY, that I am unable. In fact, my honest friend, I am afraid that great part of your present distress absolutely arises from that practical economy, or diminution of expenditure, which is the 'natural result of a state of peace. It is true, that now we save an amount equal to the loans of past years, in the last three of which we actually borrowed and expended ONE HONORED AND FIFTY MILLIONS, independent of the expenditure of sums raised by tax.es. But then the difficulties of raising this money were more than counterbalanced by the immense por tion of labour elicited by smell an expendit u re ; for tl:e matey, when raised, was not thrown into the Thames, nor lust to the nation, as the ex pences prkate life are to an iudividual. These SUMS werc 1101 taken Iron' the people, though the taxes were by which the interest was paid, but were voluntarily brought forward, because their advance yielded a greater profit to the owners than any other mode of employment could possibly do ; and their immediate expenditure was a source of employment to thousands who are now lan gnishing in He:less and poverty ! This is clear, and plain as the san at noon-day; and a room to a state of watfare would actually, to a great extent, remove the pressing difficulties : hat I hope, JOHNNY, nay, I am well convinced, that a more ra Tonal cure may be found, if you and your suffering faintly can be persuaded to bear up with patience against inevitable evic, and to cheer the gloom of the present day with hopes of certain sunshine at a period not very far distant. Now, some may object, that if what I have stated is one Trincipal cause of prose; t distress, then all attempts at economy on the part of Go vernment 'Mist increase instead of alleviating our difficulties, and should therefore be abandoned ! But that is going to an extteme which my rea soning does not warrant. During the last years of war, we expended annually about one hundred and fifty millions. I speak in round numbers. Of t hi s sum fifty millions were rased by taxes for payment of interest on the national debt ; fifty millions raised also by taxes fur expenditure ; to gether with fifty millions inure, borrowed for ex penditure • also. But now we shall not pay more titan EIGHTY MILLIONS, or Jilt)/ for interest, an d thirty for expenditure ; - so that SEVENTY MIL LIONS, or nearly one half of the annual sum paid by Government, is actually taken out of cue mar _ act—producing, npori society at large, the skittle effect as if a shopkeeper were all at once to lose half of his custutinirs ! Need we look further for the cause of present stagnation, and of a decline .of agricultural priceS Here then is the necessary practical result of a state of Peace, instead of extended warfare—a re sult for which some people preach up economy as a radical cure. But if a.large dose of economy ,Las produced the evil, it is too much to hope that u small dose_ will cure it. Economy, upon our decreased expenditure will certainly tend to -remove some evils partially, particularly by ena bling government to take off some of the most op pressive and - most direct taxes ; but it must nut be eXpeeted that any diminution of expence can take place to meet the general evil fully and fair ly. F IFTY 1 LLI . ONS must b e ra i se d to pay t h e On that score ❑ no interest of the NJ-anoint' Debt. sa vi ng t a n possibly take Place. The nation has no more right to redirce the rate of funded lore test, now that things are becoming cheap, th a n the fundholders. had to Insist upon a higher in terest, -because the necessaries of life were deiir. The only savings then that can arise, must be in the annual expenditure, which is estimat e d, at present' at least, as fluctuating bet wren TwENTY FIVE aritrrkill:TY MILLIONS pee - a m• Bin the most sanguine of the advocates for economy in ,Parliament never contetnplated stun' equal to Flys MILLIoxs ; and it it were even possible to diminish our expenditure ONE HALF, Or FIFtEEN IVILLIONS, no possible advantages resulting from that could rationally . be expected to r emedy the evil resulting from a :bum of Seventy-five Aiilliotts being taken annually out, of. the Anarket. It is trnc that Fifteen, or even Five Millions, calico from the taxes would diminish temporary pees, sure, perhaps, to an extent commensurate with. the advantages resulting from the expenditure of. an equal borrowed sum, the interest only of which Was called for ; but 'it is futile to hope•for its re medying the consequences of a diminished expen diture to the extent which we now experience. All that can therefore be expected from a diminu tion of taxes, resulting from economy, is that re lief to a certain extent will ,he afforded, whilst the nation is waiting, and obliged to wait for the beneficial consequences that must flow front Peace, and which will be the only absolute cure fur the evils resulting from a cessation of war. It is also a question of considerable import ance, whether this apparent saving, by the rapid reduction of our War Establishments, may not be p ro d uc tiv e both of present and future evils more than connterbalancing the evils ,of expenditnre. There -is nOthingt so pleasing as a cry for public economy. It is a cry in which every person can join ; though few, even of the most clamorous, ever think of the tootle and manner in which it is to Ire practised. Everybody can read the Court Calendar, and think' it very hard that so many thousands should there be marked down for place men, some of them sinecurists no. doubt, an d nothing is more easy than to say, '' Abolish this place, and abolish that, for /can see no necessity for it !" But shall we not reflett that there is no system so difficult as that of governing a Free Nation ?—a difficulty increasing every day, in proportion as our wealth increases, and as know ledge expands ; since the one gives feelings of in dependence to a greater number, whilst the other extends that liberty of thought which prompts us to form opinions, and also to express thent loudly on subjects which it often requires a lifetime fully to comprehend. There are but three triodes of governing mankind, anti of effectually seem-- big their happiness, by preventing them front in juring themselves or others. These are reason, prejudice, and force. It requires no great extent of observation to be convinced that the first of these can operate effectually on a very small num ber, where political liberty permits the full play of the passions. With respect to the latter, it is only fit for a despotic Goverione;lt and a nation of Slaves ; but it is often necessary to have re course to it with the depraved part of Society. If then a good and wise Government cannot vt kid the first universally, and ought not to use the third except -through necessity, what is left to preserve social order,—but ParJunicc ? Nay stilt t not Jon N NY! A truth is not the less true be cauSe a man bt Neves it from the force of preju dice, more than by the light of reason. We are but children of a larger growth ; and those, whom a wise man cannot convince, he will try to per suade before li(e has recourse to force. Now, if we will but apply these principles to human Go vernteent,• we shall find that the most economical Alinistiy that ever existed, nay the most virtuous and disinterested, must be often obliged to avail themselves of the pride, the passions, the cupi dity, and the prejudices of their fellow-subjects, to lead them to virtue, to prompt them to save their country, and to prevent them from injuring themselves and others, from mistaken vet virtuous principles. Ministers must take human nature as they find it. It is impossible for a Cabinet, or ten Cabinets, to conduct even the superior details of public hteiness ; and therefore much must I..te left to others, whose prompt and efficient assist ance must be ensured, either by the hope, or the participation of reward : for even those who op pose Ministers, though no doubt prompted by pa - triotism, do not act gratuitously, but bestow_ their promises and enjoy their hopes, as largely.as Mi nisters bestow places or participate in the loaves and fi,hes. I do not recommend. to yon, JOHNNY, to pur chase a. new edition of MAcHiaveL, nor do 1 wish that you should wink at Bribes y and Corny tiou in public life. But the most active vietue, whether out or in, most be stimulated and reward ed; and, nine times out of ten, von maf doubt the asseverations of those who tell' you that their only motive is a love of political honesty. That many, nay the majority of your children, wish the welfare of their Country upon pure political motives, 1 am fully convinced; but if you %visit them to act, you must add private interest to public virtue, whether their thoughts rove after a star, a pension, popularity at _ the Hustings, .or the leading vote at a palish vestry. Whilst man kind then remain thus constituted, retrenchment is not always economy. Take from . a Miuistry - the power of engaging co-Operation in the hiOier Offices of State, and you will merely add so much strength to their opponents, whose followers will still live in hopes of being rewarded by a change ; and thus, though the ranks of the latter may not increase, they will not diminish, whilst the former, deprived of efficient support, must totter and finally fall. If you wish for that, JontsrNy, vi on ! keep it up !. but forget not the fable of the Bear and the Gnats, where that grumbling, yet cogitative ani mal, preferred keeping on his old tormentors to the experiment of brushing them .off to make room for others who had not yet feasted on his life's blood ! • - - - If truth is to be drawn from experiment, I am afraid, any good old friend, that yon have already paid for a lesson. At the Peace of Amiens, you practised retrenchment very liberally. Some good you certainly derived from it hut all is not gold that glitters. You sold off your naval bemp, and the returns looked very fire in the annual esti mates. People were delighted to find money cooling in, and to. know that Government were selling hemp instead of taxing you to buy it. But when the next war broke out, the tables were turned—the .Russia tnerchauts can explain - it fur ther. I shall 'say nothing of _your small craft, which actually went over to Boulogne and other French ports to swell the invadingffiltilla of your determined enemy ! If these, and several other instances' of illy , judged economy can be brought forward, ters may certainly he permitted to be a little upon their guard ; and that too •without being obliged to state publicly to Parliament every secret in fo reign relations—a disclosure which most probably may produce the 'very evils that they are sedu lously, yet endeavouring to avoid:: Besides, 'twas by the display. and the deVelope ment of our force and resources, that BRITAIN "meanie the arbitt'ess of the destinies of Icuroye. For nurope site has generously done Much •a.nd it is ti)erefore propel that she should also do -some thing for herself ;• hut that, to be Rermanent, and niaktually beneficial to ensure permanence, is not, like the former, to. be itiperinduced by force, I'M by character and newoektion. Yet, if once We lose sight of that eminence otl ‘Vhich we now stand, we must not hope to receive from grati tude, alone, the advantages which we might otherwise command, and which we may, with a very good grace, request as a boon, whilst con scious that we have the means of enforcing them. IGNoTus. IN'e again recommend the admirAble Letter of IGNoTus, in this day's Paper, to the particular attention of our Iteaders.—lGNOTUS') Third Letter to-morrow. . THEATRICAL REGISTER. Performed on Saturday ,Vight. THEATRE. ROYAL, DaultY-LASE.—Tne Refusal: Sir Gilbert Wrangle, Mr. Duwton; Lady Wrangle, Mrs. Glover. Al ter which, The Romp. MAILS. ARRIVED-1 France, I Hamburg!), I Flanders, 2 Hoßaw, 1 Dublin, 1 Waterford. DUE-I Lisbon, 1 Gottenburgli. PRICE 0 F STOCKS THIS DAY AT 1 Bank Stock, shut 3 per Cent. Red. shut 3 per Cent. (tons.... SII 182 4 per Cents. shut 5 per Cent. Navy Ann. 107 if ELVE O'CLOCK. Bank L. Ann.... shut India 80nd5,..... 88s. Aos. pr. Exch. Cons. fur Account...Atli 82 Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, computed from the Returns made in the week ending the Ist day of October, 1817. is Gus. 6d. per Cwt. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Nlorning, 35 initiates after 11. I Evenia4, 58 minutes alter 11. THE SUN. lI4LENI QUIS DICERE F.AL.SUNI AUDE.'IT ? LONDON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1817. We received yesterday the Patis Papers ofThurs day last. Those of Ft iday, which were due this morning, have not come to hand. The Trial of the alleged Conspirators l' Epingle Noire was continued on Wednesday. On that day the Advocate-General closed the case for the Prosecution in a speech, in which he contended that the conspiracy had been completely establkhed. On the next day the Advocates for the prisoners were to be heard. On Wednesday the KMG held both a Council of Ministers, and afterwards a Privy Council, the latter of which, besides the Ministers of State, was attended-by the Chancellor, Cardinal de la Luzeasa, two Ministers of State, and two Coml. cillors of state. The Pcivy Council sat for a con‘iderable time ; nothing is disclosed as to the object of its deliberations. It is stated in an article from Konigsberg, in these Journals, that the friendly relations between Russia and Portugal are likely to be completely restored. It is added, but it does not appear up on what authority, that the Court of Rio Janeiro is about to change its system of policy, and to recall the Portuguese troops from Monte N'ideo.. According to letters from Rome, dated the 13th tilt. received at Paris, the POPE was seriously ill front an.attack of water on the chest ; but the Ditri - io di Roma, ot• the 17th, is silent upun the subject. FRENCH FIVE PER CE.IiTS. Wednesday -63 f. 50c. This morning we received another series of American Papers, but not of latcr`dates than the previous arrivals. The following are extracts : (From the Boston Advertiser, Sept. 4.) cc LATEST FROM LAGTJIRA.-The schooner At tractive, BonoNl, in 16 days trom Laguira, brings a report, that the Royalists had got'possession of 'part of the Island of Margaretta, but had lost many men. Capt. B. informs as that both par ties are very cruel to their prisoners, and never give any quarter. hisoners, when taken, are murdered in different ways,, agreeably to the whims of their Commanders. A few days before the Attractire sailed, a schooner, under the Danish Flag, from Cuwana, arrived with several pri soners, male and female .among !hem was beautiful young girl, who was sentenced to have both her hands cut off, for having been caught in . the act of snaking a patriotic flag.- (From the Philadelphia Trite American of Sept. 4.) " JOSEPH BUONAPARTE resides at present on a farm, his own property, known by the, name of Point' Breeie, situate on the Delaware, near to Bordentown, and, about 30 miles above Philadel phis ; be assumes the title' of ' Count Ser*illiers ;' is in the habits, of intercourse with some of the faMilies in his neighbourhood ; receives visits-. from the Lad es and Gentlemen who occasionally resort to Bordentown ; sometimes gives entei lainmerits, -and seems disposed to make himself agreeable to all by accommodating himself to the Republican manners of the Country ; he has ex pended a considerable sum in the improvement of his farm, and has added much to the natural beauty of the situation. His residence last winter was at PiiiiiidLiphia, an cve und,rstaud tl at tit! houst lately occupied by M. de KANTZOW, the Swedish Miukter, tittiAted at the South-emit corner r:f High and Twelfth streets, is now fit ting up tor his reception (hiring the approaching winter." The Official Communication from Lord PAL MERSTON, which appears in our Paper this day, will, we presume ) he followed by a similar notice respecti►►g the Navy. Whatever may be thongl)t of the cause of the Atnerican Revolters, it is iw- possible for the British Government to sanction British Oaicers in etigatzing in their favour, as we are in amicable alliance with Spain, or, in-, deed, if we were not, as such interference would be neither just, liberal, or consistent with dig&- fied policy. This Communication, on the part of our Government, we expected to see issued before, and we must express our surprise that agents should he permitted to raise recruits for the revolted provinces i❑ this country, as, in fact, it may be deemed a sort of national connivance at a measure which is i❑ direct contravention with the notice thus issued, and which can only tend to seduce British subjects into imminent hazard, and punishments which they could have no hope of averting by any applica tion to Government at home. Tun FUNDS.—This morning Consols opened at Sii for money, and 82 for account. The mo nied men are buyers at those prices, and the con fident expectation of the increasing state of the Revenue this quarter, has given a further •sti mulus for the November account ; they were, done at 82 . *, and scarcely any sellers at that price. An immense quantity of Stuck has been bought for to-morrow at 81i. TIIE KING'S On Saturday the Quartetly Meeting of the QUEEN'S Council was held at Windsor Castle, agreeably - to the directions of the. Regency Act, which was attended by her MalesTY, the Arch bishop of CANTERBURY ; the E3l'l of WINCIIILSE Lord AIiDE, &c. It being a Quarterly Meeting, 'the whole of the five Physicians appointed to at tend the KING were in attendance, and the result of their report was agreeably to the directions of the Act transmitted to the Privy Council Office. — The following - is the report made to the Nubility and the public at large, yesterday, at St. James's Palace : WtNnson CAsrLit, OCT. 4.—His Majesty continues to enjoy a good state. of bodily heals h, and has been very cum posed through the last mouth; but without any diminution of his disorder. " li. 1 - TALFORD, ".1. M. I3AILI.IE, " It. WILLIS." " W. HEIIERDEN Lord Rivy.rts aod the Hot). RoBEHT GIiEVILLS were the Lord and Groom WINDSOR, OCT. 5.--L o rd ARDEN arrived at the Castle on Friday on a visit,to the QuF2EN. Yes terday, after the breaking up of the Council, the Members partook of some tr fresh went. The Arch-. bishop of CANTERBURY left for his seat at Addi,,g• ton ; the Earl of WiNcumsan, for Burleigh Ifutlandshire. Lord ARDEN remained at the Cas tle. The QUEEN and PRINCESSES took an airing. in a• roach and four on the Maide'uliead Road. The Royal Family attended divine service iii the Castle this morping. • Yesterday, at half-past two o'clock, the PRINGB REGENT 14-1 I town for Windsor. THE CALEDONIA.—We have received two letters from the .Brothers FITZ G ERALD respecting this vessel, -and . the disappointment of the Emigrants wio were to have proceeded in it to America, - cattioning us not to take the acconnts of the affair which have appeared in THE OBSERVER.- 7 . Ws refrained from doing so because we consi dered the statement in that Paper as ex parte, not Iron any fear .6f those persons, and.hccause we coud hardly - credit :the imputed atrocity. Ws - caniot, however, but, express our satisfaction on . the manly firmness, and love of truth andjustice,. which appears to have-animated THE'ORSERyEft through the whole of •its'ejiquiries. On Wednesdily morning last', the Duke and DochenotGLOUCESTER received company at Mount Edgectunbe '7. on Thursday thelloke reviewed the troops on the Parade, after breakfasting vvi; It the ,General : on Friday they visited the . Hospital, and afterwards Went..to Sal tram.; nn. „Saturday they 'vent-up the Tantay ;, and on Monday (this day) .the_y_utttrii Wey4toot.h. Bermisda Gazettes, to the 24th of August, coria t t ( a ) i . n ,t l a ) o e c ite n i t i n , i c s o s nners of e ti. C o t o mt i n m a e s I :a r t e . s t t i l i t' a Y t island; at a new table of fees oprin a reduced scale; to be henceforth taken by the various officers ill that department- th - ri - mglinit( rife whole of sotir %Vest India Colonies. This communication had given milver. , a . l satisfaction to the. merchants at Bermuda: The Bermuda Gaz?ttes quote letters from the Fioridas, which slate that the inh:thi; tants of those provinces were-.lii daily txpectatiou of their been formally . ceded by . Spain to gthe- United States of A - 'On Saturday last BArort Homuot.,DT, .the Rus sian Ambassador to lire Court of London, arrived, at Harwich, by the way - Of Holland, with his. SecrOaq,, 21:tron litn r ow. His Excellency ems barked at Helvoetsittys on Friday tnorning, about -9 o'clock, on board- the packet, -and arrived in .lae;vich after a pasiage of 20 boars. His EX • Ceikncy ' was formerly Miniver at the Court of Vicuna, and has been employed orr several other important inis,:ions - for the last 20 years. Ile was.the only passenger on board the packet 'who , was not affected by. sea-sickness, and shod ed the greatest civility' and attention to all his fellow rtssengers during the voyage.. He is' brother to the celebrated traveller of the same name. N l / 4 - - _ - to 4 1A 1 4,g ')1 r ltetel - Th 1141 Th 0„ DE f r 3 4 'iled Po ote S ~is east Morn 1 4,1,1 ) , c Nbil f t ,t P 4 A ' . INCt S 14;.. Ti, rilii i to)i, i.L " 1 ' fit 41 ' at Rte,, i, },„ t at al tiler? I ''win r4/ trlp 4 Val te thl ` Se 11 11 1 pl 14 4)1)1 1111'4r