The Sun. — London, England, 1840-07-10 00:00:00

I EVEN 1N ti EDITION. Cross-examined by the AT TORNE.Y. GENERAL— 113 was Lemeee 20 eed 30 elieu lie marl ied ta,v eisier. I did feeow him befere. He tees a good deal given to driek. I believer it was after these drunken buuts that he dis played this violent turn. When be was at Pctworth we took him before a Magistrate for breaking the things and threatening our lives. He was allowed to leave the Bridewell on promising to go to London. He continued his habit of drinking. At Greenwich he went about the hospital like any of the other pensioners. By Lord DENMAN—He was at Greenwich for five years. Sophia Oxford—l live at Bishops Stnrtford. lam the widow of the grandfather of the prisoner. My husband has been dead 11 years. He died in Greenwich Hospital. I had been married to him thirty.fi se years. I generally saw him when he came to England. He was generally very unsettled in his mind. He was addicted to drink. He was not so much unsettled when he bad ant been taking liquor. Soon after we were married, be came to my father's house, and created a great disturbance, and was taken to Pctworth goal. I have seen him with a strait waiscoat put on him. That was in 1821. Some waterman came in and put, it on at Deptford. I sent for them, as I was is danger. The beadle of the parish, and one or two more, came to put it on. He had been restless during the night, and told me be should go to the Borough in the morning_ I watched him, and sent to the people to put the waiscoat on. He got very bad, and continued so for several days. He was fastened down to his bed for about a day, and the waistcoat was kept on him about a week. A medical man was called in and the waist. coat was kept on him several days after be had seen him. He got better and went to sea in a couple of months. He was under the care of Sir Richard Dobson for a complaint in his head, at Greenwieh. I believe it affected his mind. His bodily health was good towards the latter part of his life, and his intellect was steady. He never laboured under any delusion while he was in the Hospital. Cross-examined by the ATTORNEY- GENERAL—I was living with my father when he came to Pctworth. He wished to give my brothers a treat, which did not suit them, and he got into a vast rage. He was not in liquor ; he thought they did not behave well to him and he broke the things, and we sent him to Bridewell; when he came - out of Bridewell he and I went to London, and I remained with him for a month or two until he went to sea. Maria Bartlett—l am the daughter of the last witness— my husband is a farrier living in Gray's Inn-line. I re member a strait waistcoat being put on my father at Dept. ford. Some men were sent for, and four came. It was at about four o'clock in the morning. He was confined to his bed for a fortnight. •He afterwards went to sea— I did not see him again until he was in Greenwich Hos pital; he did not appear altogether insane, but more an eccentric character. He said he was the Pope of ktome, - when Ire was keeping guard at one of the college gates. itie also said he was St. Paul, and that the Pepe of Rome had made his escape. These things were said as if he seriously meant what be said ;he was quite sober. I had a brother named Peter, younger than myself. He had a complaint in his head which caused his head to be light. I think once be was put into the Naval Asylum. My father, in my judgment, was never of sound emind. Cross-examined by Sir F. POLLOCK —I saw my father last in the year 1831. lam twenty-six years of age. I have never bad any serious illness. Millen they put the strait waistcoat on him, he was kept in his own house. There was a strange manner about him before they put on the strait waiscoat. He went to sea afterwards in about six months. His duty while he was on guard was to open and shut a gate—l never heard him say he was St. Peter. No doctor saw him at Greenwich—we never mentioned it to any doctor. The prisoner is my eldest brother's son. Sarah Kitchen—l am 74 years of age—l am a cousin Ito the widow of Edward Oxford. I formerly kept a pub Ric-Louse at Kennington. I remember his coning there and behavino in- a very singular way. I can't exactly recollect, as it was thirty years ago, the particulars of what happened. Cross -examined—l never saw him but four times in all my life; I never saw him in liquor. ti‘nnali Oxford—l am the prisoner's mother. I was twenty when I married his father. I had known him six months before. I was living at Birmingham with my father, who kept the Hope and Anchor tavern. My husband was an artizan ; be frequented the tavern. Before 'our marriage I thought he was singular altogether, and toot like any other man. The marriage was not with the 'tsent of our friends. I refused him a great many times. On, these occasions he pulled a razor out of his pocket, and vid he would cut his throat if I would not have him. He produced pistols and poison. He showed me a paper • of oxalic acid. He followed me with a pistol loaded with slug s , and said he would shoot himself if I did not have him, and I then consented. • We - were married in April • 1818. In the interval several - circurnstances•oeeured which created. great disturbances at• my father's._ The . .evening of the day before we were married._ a per - - t k _Nn came to inquire about his - character, and as it was - not tam. isfactory I said I would not be married to him, _He f e ll into a' violent rage, and pulled cut a roll of Bank notes, and - burnt them. On another occasion he twisted some Bank nets round his finger, set them on fire, and let them burn :rut. He said he would keep our marriage se. eret.. He afterwards quarrelled with my mother, and dis closed the marriage. The occasion of his burning the notes last mentioned was my refusing to have them to pur chase furniture before we were married. His average _earnings were 201. a-week. He was a gold-chaser. He was once found with a razor in the street by the watch :fien. He was crying, and seemed very desponding. I had seven children. The p r i soner is the third child. My husband's conduct while I was pregnant with the second ~ child was brutal . Ha kept me without food so that el frequently fainted. He broke a jug and threw the pieces tit•tne. He would imitate the grimaces of a baboon in my Presence. The child was barely alive when born. It was a• confirmed idiot. Its countenance exactly resembled the grimaces made by the father. It lived not quite two years and a half. It never spoke or walked. It eat voraciously, but •showed no indication of a sense of reason. After the prisoner Lwas born I suckled the child and the prisoner together. My !husband behaved to me in the same manner during my :iiregnancy with the prisoner. He struck a file into my hcesset before the birth of the prisoner. He showed the %um 'St indifference. He did not quarrel with me, but took th e utmost delight in tcazing me. I never provoked him. Ihave s.ten him lead his horse into the hous e, take it into the i sitting room, and lead it about. I have app lied to him f or money, aesel he knocked me down and fracture d m y need. This wake before the birth of the prisoner. He cut AY bead while I w'es pregnant with prisoner. When my head was fractured I was.ebliged to have it shaved and pnulticed. °nee he left me, telliej me he must go to Partlett's to fi rliet a box. On my return, I found the house locked up , , of the goods removed, and my husband gone. He 'was arrested next day by the authorities. He afterwards left .l a ) e and my children, and went to Dublin for four months. , reen reasoned with, he said if any one attempted to per tne'de him to do any thing, he would act directly opposite. He ,vionld laugh in a triumphant manner, and had a super nature,) look with his eye when he had done w r o n g . Il e,, °see ook poison—laudanum , and was ill for se v e ral 'aYa after. He died on the 10th June, 1829. I have several time ~, e en his father. I saw him on the occasion of husband's .death. He said be was determed to lie by the side of his Jeer boy. My husband was then in his "ffin- The father appeared to be out of his mind ; he reproached me with having had my husband's body opened Without having got anything in return ; this I thought unnatural in a father. The prisoner was born 19th April, 1822 ; for the first seven years of his life he was under my care. He would as a child burst out crying when no one was ar him. He was always very troublesome. •He was different from otl or children. He was subject to fits of (. eying. He would get into a v iolent ra g e without any Cause, and deliberately break anything. Ile pointed a pistol at me the first day ha brought them into the house. He was fond of fire-arms and gunpowder. As a child he was fond of playing with gunpowder, and was once injured In consequence. He has a habit of laughing without cause, After those gloomy fits and fits o f p assion he l aughs hysterically. I should say the laugh was I nvoluntary. I kept a coffee-house, and he made ' s uch a noise that the customers complained. I lost " business entirely in consequence of him. I went to wl r- Prescott's, the banker, as housekeeper, and remained year and a half. I placed him with a person named S - an Ne. After I left Mr. Prescott's these peculiarities appear 'd to have Increased. I could not manage him at all. He afterwards went to live with m y sister at Houns • 10 w, and remained there three y e a rs ; from thence he went t 0 London, and filled situalees in different places as barman. He was in the ha!eit of going to the roof of the honse and throwing at people as they passed. i Vo was once sent to the station-house for 111%.!tig got be. "ind a lady's carriage, and frightened her by rn.,.. 4 jug a ; this was six years ago. I never knew that he beloti • gcd to any club. It was four weeks end three days before this occurred that I left London, He bad left his Place ; his wages were 20/. a year. He has had the coat 7 has on About two years. He got a suit of mourning g'ven him at Mrs. Lintin's death , and these a r e t h e clothes be has on . He was always speaking parts of plays from child. He wanted to go to him last winter, and said he hoped to be Admiral Sir Edward Oxford. lie told me !ne pistols were not his, he was saving them for a young ratan. He has behaved with violence to me, the day be "re I went away, and he appeared very sullen. I know hie handwriting; I believe the papers produced to be his bardwriting. Cross-examiaed bv the SoLterrok-GENEant..—When he behaved with violence to me before I went away, I said It was an accident. He was a very lit tle bo y when 1 " first went to school ; we s seven years old when I l e f t hi m to go into a situation. He was p laced t_ Birmingham during the time I was at Mr. Prescott's. He was barman at his aunt's. It was his duty to serve the liquor and take the money and count it. He was with Lintin in the same situation twice; he then went to "Ir. Barr, and remained with him in the same capacity T'til he left the house, and he received a sovereign from the person who took the business, for initiating him. Ile then went to Mr. Robinson's. He left there of his "n accord. There was no complaint against him ; they Were, satisfied with him in every thing except laug hin g . 'hen he left Mr. Lintin s the first time it was in conse inenee o f ma ki ng suc h mistake.; in giving change, bat he tauk him beck aeain and kept biro for six months. During tle last four years he has supported himself in these set-- I I: c m Ido not know it lad named Roach, or Gray. I Lintin ; be associated with the lads of the neigh -"ourlioed. He had been home eight days when I wont to ieminghatn. It was a few days before I left that he '' ''''sght home tite pistols I resircd him to look out for another lace 11.• sa id there was nothing stirring , and h e r' •. 611 " 31 - 11 (i wait unti l a good pkeee offered rather than answe r advertisements. .At the conclusion of the ease, Led DENNIAN said that he had bran . exceedingly no ;o interfere with the ex,,mination of the prisoner's n,other, bye' he thought it would be better in the exgroina. linn of the other witties,es rallier to ask if they had formed opinion as to the state of the mind of the prisoner, and the ground., on which they had formed that opiroon, than ( ?.lead them into the would Hsiory of his lite. in order to sAleit aoree circumstance which misaist bear upon the case. , l e did not with to interfere with the der'el.ec ; Lut he th rew ,out that as an observation for the conside r a tion o f Ina Cout.sel. The Court then adjourned at eight o'clock till to-mor row at nine o'clock. The following noblemen and gin lemen were on the bench during the course of the day: —His Serene Hi4h ness the Duke of Brunswick, the Earl of Uxbridge, Lird Colchester, the Earl of Erroll, Lord Fitzclarence. Mr. R. Somerset, Mr. Augustus Paget, Mr. W. 0. Stanley, Mr. Fox Manic, Sir Alexander Morrison, Sir W. Lumley, Count Nesselrode, and Sir Henry Wheatley. SECOND DAY'S TRIAL. The Court met this morning at nine o'clock, pursuant to adjournment. Shortly before that hour the Attorney and Solicitor- Generals, Sir F. Pollock, Mr. Adolphus, Mr. Wightman, and Mr. Gurney, the Counsel for the Crown, entered the Court. Mr. Sydney Taylor, the Counsel for the prisoner, bad been there from an early hour. At nine the Judges took their seats upon the bench, and the prisoner was placed at the bar. He exhibited no alteration whatever in his personal appearance. The first witness celled was Mary Sumner—l live in Houndsditcb, and am a widow. My busand once lived at Birmingham, opposite the house of the prisoner's father. I once knew him ride into his own parlour on a horse. I heard his wife scream, and went over and saw him riding round his parlour; of course I thought he was not right in his mind. Once at dinner he threw the meat and vegetables out of the window. Myself and my husband always considered that he must he out of his mind. He left Birmingham and came to London in 1820, and then his acts were those of a madman. Cross-examined by the ATTORNEY-GENERAL—He did not drink, but used to take a grass of wine or beer occa sionally. He used his wife very ill. By Mr. Baron ALDERSON—I never knew him attended by any medic , 1 man. Charles Marklew-1 live in Birmingham. Mrs. Oxford is my sister. I had the care of the prisoner Edward and his sister when young. The father came to my house, kissed the children, and skewed me a bottle through the window, and swallowed the c)itents of it; I knew it was laudanum by the smell of the bottle. I said he was a fool, and desired him to throw it off his stomach ; he could not do so. I sent him home, and Dr. Burt Davis was sent for to attend him. I always considered he was in a bad state of mind. Cross-examined by the Somerroe-GENERAL—When he kissed the children he took leave of them; he said nothing to me. He appeared solid. He was then parted from his wife. He was a gold chaser. He went to London shortly after, but came occasionally to Birmingham. He saw the children ; be never stayed at my house. By Mr. Baron ALDERSON.--Dr. Burt Davis is still alive. Dr. Davis examined by Mr. BODKIN—I am a phy sician, and the coroner of the county where I live. I at tended the husband of Mrs. Oxford on one occasion ; he was labouring under poisoning by laudanum. I think I saw him twice ;it was in 1824. fie recovered in conse quence of the proper remedies being administered. I can hardly say whether he was in any danger when I first saw him. I have been in practice since 1823 ; Ido not think I had ever seen him before; I never saw him after; I had no sufficient opportunity of judging of the state of his mind. I had heard of his odd conduct from others ; I have been present during this tt Mr. BooxiN.—From the evidence you have heard, can you form an opinion as to the sanity of the prisoner ? Lord DENMAN.—The Jury are to decide that; the wit ness cannot do it. He may describe the symptoms of in sanity, but he cannot find a verdict instead of the Jury. Mr. Baron ALDERSON.—You may ask what are the symptoms of insanity, and then it will be for the Jury to decide if the prisoner labours under those symptoms. Mr. BODKIN—Have you formed any opinion of the sanity of the prisoner? Witness—l have. Mr. BODKIN—What is that opinion? Mr. Baron ALDERSON—That is the same question. I have not only told you you must not put it, but kI2VC told you how you may put it. Mr. S. TAYLOR submitted that the question might be put, and that he had heard such questions put to medical men. Lerd DENMAN —I have never permitted such questions to be put, and will not. It is puffing the witness in place of the Jury. Mr. BoDKlN—Supposing a person to fire from a public road a loaded pistol at her Majesty, without any assignable motive, and to remain, without attempting to escape, and to proclaim he was the person who did it, should you consider him to be mad? Witness—lf there were other hallu cinations. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL objected to the course. Lord Deer...law—Should you say that a person acting in that manner was mad ? Witness—l should. Mr. BODKIN —lf in addition to that the prisoner had written the papers you have heard read, would that confirm your opinion ? Witness—lt would. Cross-examined by Sir F. PoLLocx—l do not recollect the remedies administered to the prisoner's father. I do sot recollect the particulars of the case. It is impressed upon my memory by the fact of his having been a man of colour. I received from others the information that he had taken laudanum. He was not in such a condition that I could farm any opinion as to his state of mind. I answer the questions put to me relating to insanity as a medical man. If as a physician I were employed to ascertain a person's state of mind, and found those symptoms, I should state that he was mad. By Mr. Baron ALDERSON—I am far from considering every crime as indicating madness. I form my opinion in this case from the openness with which it was committed, the want of precaution, the free discussion of the subject afterwards, and the admission that balls were in the pistols. Mr. Baron ALDERSON-110w do you know that that is a point to be discussed ? Go on. Witness—The free dis cussion of the subject. Mr. Baron ALDERSON—Might not a person have writ. ten those papers, and left them in his room without being mad ? Witness—Certainly. Mr. Baron AI,DERSON—It besides depends upon the hypothesis of those papers not being genuine. Lord DENMAN—Might not a person contemplating crime, and also the plea of insanity, have written those papers ? Witness—He might. John Wright—l am a sergeant in the Birmingham police. I knew the prisoner's father in 1831. Ho had wild and mad ways with him, and was a great brute to his wife. I have seen him strike her. I should not think he was right in his head half his time. I was ar ticled to him to learn gold chasing. Cross-examined by the ATTORNEY • GENERAL —I had Eknown him a fortnight before being articled to him. My rother knew him, and recommended me to become his ap prentice. I remained three months with him. He drank and gambled a good deal. Re-examined—While his wife was pregnant with the prisoner he pointed a loaded pistol at her. I told him it was loaded, he then began to make faces at her. Robert Med—l live at Birmingham. I knew the father of this lad for five years before and after his mrrriage. I consider him to have been in a very unsound state of mind. Cross-examined by the SOLICITOR- GENERAL—I consider he was road because once he secreted a Bible and Prayer book, and laughed at it, and once he pretended to cut his throe, and frightened the women, and then ran off foolishly for a doctor. We got the knife from him, and then he went into his shop and burst out laughing. He was a man given to play pranks to frighten people. When the doctor came Oxford laughed at him. By the COURT— When he had money he was a complete madman—he could not keep it Mr. Partridge—l am a surgeon at Birmingham. I know Mrs. Oxford. I have attended her more than once for injuries inflicted on her head by her husband. George Sandon.—l am a tailor, and reside at Bir mingham. The prisoner was under my care for twelve months in 1830 I have not known him either previously or since. While with me he was a very peculiar boy. He was subject to many rash tricks when he was out. I considered that be was not right in his mind, and that was the reason I sent him home to his friends. Cross-examined by Sir F. PoLLocK.—He would beat other children with nettles; ho would laugh and cry both at one time, and when asked the reason, instead of giving a straightforward answer would run away. He could not write at that time, and could read but little. I often taught him to read. He improved some little while under my care, but he was mcre inclined to be wild. I used to correct him, and box his ears, and instead of crying lie would give a very peculiar laugh. I did not like to be very harsh with him. I never bit him above twice in my life. I never locked him up. Ho was al ways mischievous in the extreme. Mr. Benjamin Walters —I reside in Birmingham, and am :Tent for the Birmingham Brewery. The prisoner was under my care in 1832 for about a year and a half conduct was different from that of other boys. He was quick at what I set hies to do when his attention was jirected to it. I considered him unsound in mind. m 'rambled by the ATTORNEY-GENERAL—He was with fe e at school. He was a quick lad, and made considerable progress. He lamed reeding and writing, and is a good scholar. He was idle, and mischievous to the other boys. I have punished him fur late attendance at school. I punished him with a cane, as I did other mis chievous boys. I have caned him for playing mischievous tricks to other boys, and went on so from time to time during his stay with me. Louisa Powell—l formerly kept the King's Head, at Hounslow. I am the prisoner's aunt. He lived with me for two years. I consider he was in an unsound state of mind from the time he came to me till lie left. Cross-examined by the SOLICITOR-GENERAL -- Mine w as the first place he was ia. His duty was to be in the spirits and beer. He also went out with draw He would have to receive money. I had been bar, ia nr articles. businesselaettsd. threeyears and a. half before he came. I re mained a year after he had q uitte d my service. He had to learn the business of me. He had no books to keep. fit used to account to me, but not always. When he left me be went to live with Mr. Minton at the Shepherd and F:ock. Mr. Minton never made any application to me as to character. He one night put out all the lights when the room was full of company. There was great confusion, and I, who was ill in bed, was obliged to getup. He did net know why be did it, and was crying violently. He had been with me a twelvemonth at that time. He was very absent. He read very mush..-.generally sea.voyeees. Ile iwed to talk in a very random way. He left me of his n:: t 1 accord. lie was taken before a Nlagistrato and fined ij. so me weeks before he left me. I paid it for him. He was vary ire-used , and ought to have had those who sum the Magistrate. of becoming a very great man. I moned before Fccer ; in 1837 I was a J R o e s - c e p e h a m p i a n y e . d fl li a e m e e a ' ee greend corporal in the 2d Battalion Grenadier Guards, quartered at Hounslow. I knew the last witness, and went frequently to her house ; I saw the. prisoner there frequently, and think he wag beer into th e tap , ISe—At times h e Cross-examined of u b sir tLsou y nd .. rnind F .. p OLLOC would make mistakes in bringing tea room, and lay hold of the servant girl and behave perly to her, I bad been brutally knocked down on one occasion at some other house, and was brought to Mrs Powell's, and prisoner asked ehether he was a tall, a. short, or thick man. I went there a few days after again, and he seemed pleased at the injuries I had received; this made me think him uusounds Mary Ann Fort man.-1 was living at Mr. Minton's, at the Shepherd end Flank while the priEmer was there for eighteen months. I consider him of unsound mind. Mr. Minton is in Berkshire, but I do not know where. Cross-examined—He was bar-man, and I was bar maid for eighteen months ; during that time he served in the bar, and received the money, and accounted for it to Mr. Minton. He slept in the house during that time. He went out little. He had no doctors to attend him, He did not go to church on Sundays ; he hal no time be slid to get out. He went to Mr. Fare's, Mr. Minton gave him a good character—all but his laughing and strange ways, Re-examined—He would, if he made any mistake, burst out laughing, and sometimes crying. He had only to put the money in the till; there was a bar-man over him. Wm. Hazlewood—l was head bar-man at the Shepherd and Flook while prisoner was there. I have frequently observed his strange habit of laughing and crying, and think he was of unsound mind. Cross-examined—He had an excellent character Irons him to Fare's. He was often spoke to about his laughing and crying, and said he could not help it. He and I quar relled, and he left afterwards. I left, and he returned and remained four or five months. I came back again also. He remained only a few days after my return. I did not keep up my acquaintance with him. Mr. Minton gave him warning. Re-examined—He frequently made mistakes. Some times he brought beer instead of gin, and sometimes he would take sixpence and give change for a shilling, and when spoken to he would laugh and then burst out crying. By the CovaT—l never observed if his mouth was drawn on one side. Mr. Thomas Fare—l did live in Wild er ness-row ; the prisoner was in my service for six months; he came from Mr. Minton's. I considered him of sound mind. He was subject to fits of laughter, which at times appeared uncon trollable. I have never seen him crying. Newman Robinson—l am the landlord of the Hog in the Pound. The prisoner was in my service. He left on the Ist May. He left because he was always laughing, and when I reprimanded him he kept laughing still. This occurred frequently. Some of my customers were offended. He came to me on the 24th January. He used to laugh and act foolishly. Cross-examined by Mr. F. Por,LocK--Ho was correct in his conduct in all other respects. He kept no accounts, but used to take money and put it into the till. (While the witness was giving his evidence the prisoner was crying.) Inspector Tedman—l knew the prisoner when he was barman at the Shepherd and Flock, in High. street, Marylebone. It is opposite the police-office. I consider the prisoner to be a person of unsound mind. Cross-examined—During that time he was trustel to draw the beer and take money. I never saw anything of him except in the house. Lord DENMAN—On what do you found your opinion ? Witness--I have frequently gone in of a morning and found him crying, and when I asked what was the matter, he would say nothing now, it is all over; and when asked if any one had ill-used him he would say, No. At an other time he was attempting to bottle stout with the bottles wrong side. I asked him what he did it for? He said it was a jolly good lark. I told Mr. Minton he- was acting like an idiot, and about that time he sent him away. He used to laugh and say it was enough to make anybody laugh to see the old women drinking gin. He was some.. times very violent, and at others silent On one occasion I had got Mr. Minton's children to see the Queen go to the House of Lords, and he was angry I did not get hint there. I said I did not know he wanted to see the Queen. He said, Oh, yes I do, and I will see her some day or other. Susannah Phelps—l am the prisoner's sister. He lived its the same house withi me in \Vest-square wisest this circumstance occurred. There was constantly some thing strange and extriordinary in his conduct. He was always firing pistols out of the window and in the yard. He pointed pistols at me. Ido not know if they were loaded. I never knew of any one being hurt by his firing out of the window. He began about a day or two after he bought them. He brought 5/. from his last place, his quarter's salary. He had a suit of mourning from Mr. Minton. He kept:company with no one except John Lin tin. No one ever came to see him, and he received no letter. It was my opinion he was not right in his mind. He once put a pistol to my head while I was in bed. Cross-examined by the SOLICITOR-GENERAL—Fie had bur one pair of pistols. He used to have books from the library. He had the Black Pirate, Jack Shepherd, Oliver Twist. Be generally staid at home. He very seldom went out. He went out on the 10th of June at about ten minutes past two. He said he was going to the shooting gallery, and that he would bring some tea hoine from Twining's, in the Strand. He was firing Abe day before. He used to go to Linares, and-spend most of his evenings with, him. Lintin never came to him. r never heard him mention any young lady that he visited. Be-examined—About three years ago he used to write letters to little girls. • By the Courr—He used to fire into the yard, not into the street. He was subject to violent rages. He also read the " Pilot." I never heard him talk about Young England, or of any society he said he belonged to. Emily Chittenden—l was living at the Hog in the Pound whilst the prisoner was there; I was there three months. His conduct was very strange at times. I con sider him in a sound state of mind, but very eccentric. Mrs. Robinson once fell down stairs; she did not appear hurt, only frightened. The prisoner laughed very mach indeed. He would laugh when there was nothing to be laughed at. I never saw him cry. I have received a letter from him since he left. It is destroyed. It was on the 13th of May, I think. It was addressed " A pub. lic-hause the Hog in the Pound, Miss Cbittenden ; there and then convey with speedility. Remember, my blade, the postage is paid." This was on the outside of the Christopher Day—l am assistant to a tailor. I was in the Park in the evening the prisoner was charged with shooting at the Queen. I saw the carriage, and was five or six yards from it when it was fired at. I did not see the first pistol fired. I saw the second fired. I was six or seven bards from the prisoner. The pistol was levelled right over the carriage. It was fired rather up Constitu tion Hill than across the road. He was about five yards, behind the carriage. Richard M'Donald—l am a corporal in the 906 Regi ment, and was in the Park when the Queen was fired at. I was coming down Constitution Hill. I heard a shot fired. I looked at the garden wall of the Palace% A mark was pointed out to me by a gentleman on horseback. I do not think that the mark was made by a ball. Cross-examined by the ATTORNEY- GENERAI—I saw two marks, and they seemed to have been recently made. Re-examined—They were two yards and a half or three yards from each other. By the Couar —The marks seemed newly done. They might hate been done by a stick. Dr. Hodgkin—l have been a physician 14 years, and am a lecturer on morbid anatomy. I have written works on pathological anatomy. Mr. S. TA YLOR—Supposing a crime is committed with out a motive, and that the crime subjects the person com mitting it to loss of life, that he takes no precaution to escape, but delivers himself up to justice, should you sup pose suet. a person sane or insane ? Witness—l should say it was a strong case of suspicion. Mr. 6. TAYLOR—If there had existed previous delu sions ? Witness—lt would strengthen my suspicion. Mr S. TAYLOR—And if insanity was hereditary in the family? Witness—lt would be a still stronger ground for concluding the party to be insane. There have been instances of persons becoming suddenly insane, whose con duct had only been eccentric. If all the circumstances mentioned co-existed, I should conclude he was insane; because such a form of insanity has been recognised. Cm's-examined by Sir F. Pota.ocx.—lt has been called by Le Marc Lesion de la volonte, or lesion of the will. It means more than that a person has lost the control of his conduct ; it means morbid propensity ; it is connected with moral irregularities as the result of disease. In some instances there are other symptoms in addition to moral irregularities. Sir F. POLLOCK— Have you ever met with a case of insanity, of which the only symptom was moral irregula rity, unattended by physical disease? Witness—l do not think I ever have. Re-examined.—The lesion of tho will is a well-recog nized species of insanity. • Lord DENst*N.—Do you think a medical man is more competent to foirn an opinion on this subject than other persons? Witness. —I do, en the authority of Reny, Marc, and other writers. Lord Datimarr—Do you mean to say that a medical man has any peculiar gift enabling him to form an opinion as to the moral responsibility of man ? Witness—Yes, on ac count of his superior opportunities and attention. Lord DENMAN—But, supposing other persons to pay the same attention ? Witness—They would be enabled to judge. Mr. Baron AIDERSON—Do you consider moral respon. sibility a medical question ? Witness—Scarcely. It is impossible to sny where soundness of mind ends and un soundness begins. John Conolly, M. D.—l am physician to the Hanwell Asylum. Eight hundred and fifty patients are under my care. I have seen and conversed with the prisoner. In my opinion he is not of sound mind. Cross-examined by the ATTORNEY-G E NERAL—I saw him the day before yesterday for the first time, and I was in Court yesterday. My interview with him lasted half an hour. A person who is unsound need not in all cases be put under restraint. Some insane persons may be put at large. I consider there is danger in the unsoundness of the pri soner. Dr. Sharman, Mr. Clarke, and Mr. Manic, the Solicitor of the Treasury, were present when I examined him. He exhibited nothing like violence. He replied willingly to my questions, but his answers were unsatis factory. He knew that be was to be tried. When I asked him if ho was going to be tried, be at first said What trial ?" And he said he knew he was to be tried next day. When I asked him if he did not think it a crime to shoot at the Queen? be said he might as well shoot at her as anybody else. I did not take any notes. I knew I was to be a witness at this trial if required. When I asked him if he was attached to his relations, he said he was. And when asked if he thought it would vex them, he said he did not know. Ido not recollect any other question at this moment. I had only notice the evening before I saw him. I made no notes when I went home of the questions and answers, only the general re sults. I did not ask him to do any sum iu arithmetic. Re-examined—l examined his head. By the COURT—The formation of the upper part of the forehead is such as to indicate that the brain is im perfectly developed. It is frequently met with in insane persons, and also in persons not insane. —(The witness here read his notes, from which it appeared that he was of opinion that the prisoner was incapable of reasoning._ had no knowledge of moral obligation, or any idea of future • responsibility.) I endeavoured to ascertain if he was acting a part, and do not thinklae was. Dr. Chowne, Lectwee on Medical Jurisprndenee in thp ^rnss hopital.--ln an swer to the same question - n . the witness said that • ' Thorp Is a Chann ti -, as had been put to;Dr. a person he should consider of unsound mina. . - species of insanity called lesion of the will. It is also called moral insanity. There are frequently people who complain that ;they feel impeded to commit suicide, and yet exhibit no other symptom of mental ds. case. He has frequently met with cases of this sort THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, JULY 10. 1840. in persons who said they had not an ungratified wish, but felt impelled by an impulse. Persons who labour under this disease can frequently properly perform all acts that may be required of them, and exhibit occa sional acuteness. I saw the prisoner yesterday, in COM-. psny with Dr. Conolly, by cider of the Secretary :of State. I should consider his state of mind essentially un sound; there seems to be a mixture of insanity and im becility. Cross-examined by the SOLICITOR-GENERAL—The per sons who exhibited this propensity to suicide were per forming all the avocations of life. It might be dependent on a physical cause, which cause might not have been de veloped. Laughing and crying are connected with hys teria as well as imbecility, but in hysteria it is connected with other symptoms, such as globus hystericus. I en deavoured to impress upon his mind that be was wrong in supposing that it could not be proved that there were balls in the pistols, and that he would most certainly be decapi tated. He said it was of no consequence, be bad been decapitated a week ago, for be had a cast of his head taken. He insisted that there were no balls in the pistols ; and when I endeavoured to impress upon him that it cou ld b e proved themwere, he said it was impossibl e . D ur i ng the whole time I was there he was playin g w i t h a pencil and India rubber without ex hibiting acute fe e li ng or consciousness. When told to walk across the room, he did so naturally and briskly. I made no notes. Mr. Maule was present during the latter part of the examination. By the COURT.—I was here yesterday. and judge partly from what I saw of his manner then. I have nothing to observe as to the form of his head. I subjected him to the arithmetical test, and found him tolerably ready. Mr. J. F. Clarke-1 am a surgeon. I have had some experience in the treatment of insane persons. I have been in the habit of attending the family of the pri soner. I have known the prisoner two years. I accom panied Dr. Conolly and Dr. Chowne in their visit to him the day before yesterday. lam of opinion that he is labour ing under imbecility decidedly of unsound mind. During the time that I have attended his mother and sister, I have observed him, and remarked a general hyterical ten lency in him. He did not seem to- have that: control over his emotions generally possessed by other persons. His mother feared he would be as his father was. I did not know his father. I heard the answers he gave to the two last witnesses. I watched his manner during the interview; it was much the same manner I had observed on former occasions. On one occasion he was sitting reading by the fire, his mother made an observation, to which he did not reply ; she did this a second time, and then touched him ; he rose suddenly, and declared he would stick her. In cases of hereditary insanity, connected with acts of violence, Esquirol says, that three out of six take place between the ages of fourteen and twenty. Cross-examined by Sir F. Poi-Lock—l never prescribed for the prisoner. I never recommended any course of treatment for him. I never gave any advice. I merely expressedssed my me owphineon. and Myself.m together. I communi cated the last witnesses, cated my opinion to the medical gentlemen before they saw him. I did it to assist them in their investigation. anilesoe i rea I was in Court last session when he was brought up. I heard the affidavit read on that occasion. I was not asked to make an affidavit. Re-examined—l never was asked to prescribe for him. His bodily health appeared good. This closed the case for the defence. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL said the Jury would shortly have to perform the most important part of their duty—to consider the fair weight to which the evidence offered to them was entitled. In common with his Learned Friend, all who were associated with him would be rejoiced if ; at any period of the trial, they could have seen that, in the performance of their duty, they could have consented to a verdict of insanity. But in this case they were called on decide upon a question involving the most important inter: sts. He considered the duty he had to perform was of such a public nature that he should not observe upon the general observations of his Learned Friend. If they ould, consistently with their duty to themselves and the country, they would find that the charge was not proved —but. that verdict of acquittal to be satisfactory to the public must be founded upon evidence. The public would be best served by Juries on all occasions occupying them selves with the proper business, without looking to other considerations—their duty only was to consider whether the crime had beeu committed by the prisoner, and whether he was answerable for his actions when he com mitted it. Violence, irregularity of conduct—nay in- Sanity itself, might exist without doing away with the responsibility of his conduct. The defence rested on three poiets:—lst. Whether the Queen was the cot r s materially questions, o c the ue object of attack; 2d, wheth er t h e pistols were loaded with hall ; 3d, the s t ate of the mind o f te consideration prisoner. o In consider ing insanity the two fit The c o mm i ss i on of the fact was totally distinct from the responsibility which might result. It was admitted that premeditation and contrivance were not always symp toms of sanity. Was it made out by the evidence that the object of the prisoner was to shoot the Queen? No other individual filled that station in society which could present such an object of attack as the Queen, whether to a sane or an insane person. They would remember that he had expressed his determination to see the Queen, and that on another occasion he had known she was at Windsor. If Prince Albert had been the object of attack, the prisoner had an opportuniaPf shooting him on his return from Woolwich ; the pritZl was levelled at the carriage. He inquired, as soon as his cell-door was open, if the Queen was hurt. His Learned Friend's answer, that perhaps he thought she might be hurt by the wadding—perhaps by the ball—which was the most likely ? Would not those facts prove that the Queen was the object of attack? Had he aimed at any one else, would his inquiry have ended with asking as to the Queen ? She was the sole object of his attention ; no other individual occurred to his mind. There could be no reasonable doubt as to the Queen being the sole object of attack. In a subsequent part of the case matter would arise, calculated to lead to the same conclusion. If the prisoner should beAnflu- - enced by vanity„, and a desire of making himself the . ge nerd;l ' olfect,. of attention throughout the count ry, iable and important as the life of Prince Albert must b', it could not be compared in importance with that of her Majesty : and if influenced by desires of destruction the prisoner had done this deed, this would point at the Queen. There was no other individual to whom the evidence would apply except to the Queen. It was the duty of his Learned Friends, and they had discharged that duty with great ablity and diligence, to present to the Jury every object, and they would have produced leen calculated to show that the prisoner had aimed at some other individual bad such been in their possession. With regard to the question of the pistols being loaded with ball, he considered that the consideration of insanity would rather lead to the conclusion that such was the case than otherwise; but there were other circumstances. The prisoner applied to Gray to purchase caps and balls, and recommended him to the place to purchase balls. He is fund of practising with balls at a shooting gallery. He had a bullet mould adapted to the pistol, and loose balls were found in his box. If an individual levelled a pistol and discharged it in such a manner as to indicate an in tention of murder, it would be a very dangerous doctrine to assume that there were no balls in the pistol unless such balls were found. In the case alluded to by his Learned Friend, the pistol was not discharged, but when the pistols were discharged, and powder and ball were found in the person's possession, the case was dif ferent. What was the object of firing ? Destruction. Could any other be suggested. Ode pistol was fired ; and if his object had been to create alarm merely, why dis charge the second ? but if his object were destruction, having fired the first without effect be would fire the second,. and that was a circumstance for them to Iconsiler when they came to consider whether the object was to produce e death. Would those circumstances leave any doubt:that there were balls. The question asked by the pri soner distinctly proved that an act had been done by which the Queen might have been hurt. The prisoner's expression too to one of the witnesses, telling hi m if his head were at the muzzle of the pistol, and the ball had struck it, he would have known. Again, when the questi o n was distinctly put, he saidloaded with ball. If incidental and direct admission they we re left it uncertain in the execution of criminal justice, whether a man who levelled a pistol at another in the open air had loaded that pistol with ball or not—no ono would be safe. If the pistols were loaded without ball the pri soner should show it. His expressions were confirmatory of the conclusion fairly deducible from the facts of the case that the pistols were loaded with ball. Supposing him to have been labouring under delusion, unl ess he were so mad as not to know the consequences of pulling the trigger, what was there t o l ea d to th e conclusion that the pistols were not loaded with ball ? Considering the evidence of the witnesses, who stated they heard the whiz zing, what was then to lead to the conclusion that the pistols were loaded with powder only ? There were two was the marks Suppose they are mistaken, what then ? I f the Jur y ha d every discharged guns g up en on tle th m e en wa w li ho we s r ta e te th d e th m a a t rk t s he o i f r boalplisn.ion limited space, or pistols, and attempted to look for the balls, they Considering the height of the slight elevation of the muzzle of the wall, a very: pistol would be sufficient fired ocarry the ball over the owfoufildndiknngowa ball.the difficulty, even in a i o n' m P it °b t a o b l i o li a t d Y wall; the second pistol was up the road, and it was extremely difficult, of course, to see what direction it took. thathis pistols either fromwwith h Their duty would be to weigh well the probabilities which would arise from the conduct of the prisoner on other o d c e c s a ig ci n on o s r , p i soner f ' r s om will th w e as c now ball on this occasion. With regard to the third point ;he They had d validity, what was traced from school into three distinct services. They had had his employers' evidence ; they had heard a great accident he to the case ; but in a in litigation, and this evidence of itsinsanity would be many witnesses. Suppose the would Y heara heard quotations the h e extreme should awtoteumldptbeed theto ebffeeetinofterirtl civil case a very different rule of decision was required from f t r h o e m ru t l e e x o t- f wr la it w ers th — ey the w y eretoapply a criminal case. If he a pprehended aright, the rule itself in this ease was not difficult ; its application was more so. Lord Erskine had entered more at large into the question of eiiminal responsibility than any other w r i ter, and pu b lic justice di.:l not require that they should measure the pri soner's responsibility by any other rule than that laid down by Mr. Erskine in defending Hatfield. It was a safe and just rule. Before he reverted to the evidence, he would once more call their attention to it. The principles were laid down very shortly by Lord Lyndhurst in the case of the King Oflard. It was an indictment for murder, and Lord Lynd hurst said that to acquit the prisoner it was necessary that the Jury should be of opinion that he did net know the consequence of what he was doing, that he was not aware that lie was acting against the laws of God and of man. Sir J. Jekyll had said rightly in the Duchess of Kiegstoit's case, thc law would ne , t . measure the'capaeity of man's tincieretaricling:ptevl4ed he ee Orenoe . rnentis. :Lord Hail said that partial insanity Would euese a p erson flece responeibilite fkorn his l aelleils•—( The Learned Getttlenian then read the opinion of Lord Erskine, and authorities on the subject.) The ques. CkUOtetllTlth., • - • , nen for them to decide would he,, whetner tile prisoner was in a situation to know right from wrong—to know that the consequence of his act would be the infliction of death, and that he wo4ld thereby subject himself to punishment. Insanity is attempted to be proved by the act itself—by a hereditary taint, and by the prisoner's own conduct. On the first point, could any body seriously maintain that on the commission of an atrocious act, insanity should be argued from the act itself ? When they came to look at the character of the prisoner's mind, he was afraid they could not come to any conclusion re garding insanity from the aet itself. Where could they find any delusions exis'ing inducing the prisoner to commit tie act ? Feldence of insanity in cases of this sort where the person had not been previously confined should always be received with caution ; especially where the persons giving evidence had always treated this person as a sane per. son. Now as to the hereditary taint. The grandfather wasa sailor and violent drunken man. He had once a strait waistcoat put on him. Was once tied with cords. Said to his daughter he was the Pope and St. Paul. Was lie treated as a madman when he was bound with cords ? Mark how the care came out in answer to the questions put in cross-examination without any knowledge of previous circumstances. It appeared that he bad behaved with violence. They treated him as a criminal, and took him before a Magistrate, who sent him to Bridewell. If he were mad, he should have been sent to an asylum, not -to a goal; should have been soothed, not excited; and those who treated him as a criminal now came here to argue he was mad. How was he released ?--on his promise to leave the place.—The promise of a madman. Who, un der such circumstances would think it sufficient to dis charge a madman upon such a promise ? At another time he was ill of a fever, and a strait waistcoat was put on Lim. But that could not be evidence of insanity; to show an hereditary taint there was scarcely a family in which such a circumstance did not occur. He recovered, went to sea, was afterwards admitted into Greenwich Hospital, and, when kept from liquor, was per. fectly well. Now if this evidence of insanity were worth anything as regarded the prisoner, how many of his descendants ought to be shut up. Was it likely a man, observing all the regulations of Green wich Hospital, would be considered as mad? Would he have been excused, if accused of forgery or fraud on the ground of insanity. They very frequently beard remark, able medical evidence, and if these eccentric acts were to* be considered as proofs of insanity sufficient to save a puss ta from criminal responsibility, may say one of the present day, who were riding over pavements, knocking down watchmen, and all other freaks of that sort, were laying up a la tie stick of excuses for the coatnaission of cr:min d actionn With regard to the father, he certainly regretted that the mother of the prisoner should hove been called ; but he was struck with the firmness of nerve with which she spoke of the misconduct of her husband and hr r son. But what was the evidence ? He threatened to destroy himself if she would not marry him. Did she consent to marry a man she thought mad ? It might have misled her as to the strength of his fection, but it did not induce her to consider him mad. fake her judgment of his sanity from the act of her marriage with him. The same sort of acts continued after marriage. This was now produced to show that he was mad ; but what was her judgment then, and his father's judgment of his conduct ? He said he would have him tried for his life. He would bring him to their bar of criminal justice, not shut him up in a mad-house. He was a good workman, earning 201. a week, and like many other persons spending that money foolishly which he had earned easily. On no occasion was that conduct pu sued towards him which would have been pursued towards a lunatic. There was nothing therefore of hereditary in sanity. Had the unfortunate mar, at the bar committed any acts of insanity—even had it been proved that his grand father and his father had been mad—still they must con sider what evidences of insanity he had exhibits 1. It was important in these cases to check the c v:- deuce given, by the conduct of the persons pursuing it. At school he was mischievous, but how was he treated—he was corrected, he was beat for it, his mother corrected hire. Would she have confined her child in a cellar because he had the misfortune to be deprived of his mind. She corrected him for those faults which were now brought forward as proof that he was not to be held respons ble for the great fault he had committed as a man. Was the judgmeut of the master and the mistress on the acts when they occurred to be taken, or was that judgment to give way to the op'...nions they now brought for ward. He subsequently lived with his aunt; he there put the gas out ; he read voyages and talked of b e i ng a great man. Was he dismissed, when Le put the gas out ? No. Did she part with him as a person of unsound mind ? No. Was insanity pleaded when he Ras brought be fore a Magistrate. No ! Ho was brought for ward on a charge and fined. Irsanity was not brought forward thus. No medical man was consultee. He goes to Mr. Minton. He remains twelve months, and quits on account of a quarrel with his fellow-servant. Mr. Minton had no inducement to keep him—he was no relaa tive. By and bye the head barman quits and the prisoner is taken again.: Would they be governed by Mr. Min ton's estimate of him as taken by his conduct. or by the representations made of him to-day ? He goes to Mr. Fare, and Mr. Minton gives him an excellent character. Mr. Fare says he thought he was of sound mind, although given to uncontrollable laughter. He was subject to this ailment, but still was competent to the performance of ail the duties of life, and was responsible for his conduct. Did he exhibit symptoms of insanity at Robinsee's ? No ! Both Robinson and the nursery-maid say;lie was of sound mind. There was nothing in the direc. tion of the letter to indicate insanity. The brother of his friend Sir F. Pollock had received a letter, directed to him, in doggrel, from a very eminent literary person. If the contents of the letter had indicated insanity, she would doubtless have told them sa. On no occasion bad he been treated as a lunatic, and no evidence suffi cie..t to void a civil contract had been given. The medical evidence was merely speculative, since me dical men were of opinion that all men were mad. (To be continued in our SECOND EDITION.) THE .REGENCY.--A Bill to provide for a Regency, ,tinder-.tbe - - new circumstances in which the Crown may? -be placed, will, we understand, be almost - - - breu rg bt :into Parliament. His Royal HirellhVsi'Pilnee t . .spFifi Will b e , as i s natura l and proper the iale : Rl7gent;" case of the conti ngency ar i s i ng for ' which the Bill is expressly meant to provide. We arc assured before hand that such a measure will meet with no opposition from the Tories, for the Post, a few days ago, spoke of that as the most proper mea sure, though, at the same time, it endeavoured, by one of those tricks by which the Tories con ' tinually seek to degrade other politicians to their own level, to fasten on some of the Ministers, by a false and unfounded charge, a plan of appointing another person co-Regent with the Prince. There never was any ground for the assertion but the imagination of the person who made it. However, the fowler seems caught in his own snare, for he will not now be able to make any objection to a measure of which he has by anticipation approved. _ PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.—It is not expected, we believe, that the business of Parliament will allow of the prorogation before the first week of August. It will not, however, be later than that period, and may take place in the last week of July. A robbery, of a very extensive nature, was per petrated at Greenock on the night between Friday and Satur day last, the shop of Mr. Patrick Devlin, watchmaker, Wil liam- street, having been broken into, and property carried away to the amount of 500/. The property consisted of seven gold watches, and fifty-seven silver ones, three American eagles (gold), one old guinea, a sovereign and a half, about thirty ounce of dollars, and some old coins. We have not yet ascer tained the means by which the crime was committed ; but as Greenock fair occurred last week, it is possible that it may have been perpetrated by some of the thieves of Edinburgh and Glas gow, who generally attend in considerable force. Two tobacco pipes were left in the shop by the thieves.— Glasgow Berald. TIIE SOLICITOR - GENERAL.--" Sergeant Wilde is not what your University dons would call a scholar. His classical acquirements are scanty, and there is nothing of the delightful lore of the ancient sages of Greece or Rome to adorn his speeches withal. Neither is he a first-rate master of our noble idiom and language. His vocabulary is not a very copious one, like Brougham's —nor a very chase an 1 elegant one, Lite Lord Lyndhurst's. Follett's or Pembexton's ; but his style is plain, though it be not pellucid, and it is always forcible. A mere magnificent piece of argumenta tion never was delivered than his oration in the House of Commons upon the question of privilege, raised by the case of Stockdale v. Hansard. He came to the subject after it might appear that it was exhausted. Counsel had argued; judges had delivered their judgments; there had been a debate in the House;_ but he showed how slight and superficial was the knowledge, how small the intellect that had been, up to th a t moment, brought to bear upon the question. Then it was that he proved how great was the difference between a lawyer and a legal mechanic ; and the people's House recognised in him a champion worthy of their cause."—Pen and Ink Sketches of Politicians. Balmaceda is an object of great curiosity for the inhabitants of the towns through which he is passing on his way to Paris. He is a man of a lofty, commanding stature, with a singularly expressive countenance. When he conde scends to notice the crowds that congregate to see him, it is by expressing by words and gestures the scorn and contempt in which he holds the French character. Balmaceda has, it is stated, declared that had it not been for the treachery of Palachios, he would have succeeded in seizing upon the persons of the two Queens. " Our plan," he says, " was well combined • Cabrera, who traced it, is a mas ter mind. Once masters of their persons, I intended to have proposed certain conditions to Espartero, and, had he moved one step in advance, or hesitated about accepting them, I would have had his two Queens shot, without leaving them one day's respite."—Letter front Paris. On Tuesdaj evening nineteen of the convicts, including the notorious Gould, under sentence of transporta ion, now in the convict ship Eden, at Sheerness, were found to have loosened their fetters previous to making a desperate attempt arescape. A plank of the bulk-head separatior , the convicts from the military guard was also found to have been started, so that it could be removed with very little difficulty, and the intention of the convicts was doubtless to get possession of the arms belonging to the soldiers. Gould is now confined ,in a separate place of security. He is said to have declared that, let them try what they like, they shall not take him out of the country. Nice of the crew of the Eden, having re fused to obey orders according to their articles, have been sent to 'Maidstone. -- PROSPECTS OF THE HARVEST-,-+, - STATE OF T itAnF..—The accounts from the interior are, generally speak ing, favourably. But a great quantity of rain has fallen, quite sufficient at this very critical period of the year. Nevertheless, no apprehensions are yet felt, or at least expressed, as to the results. All that can be said is this, that of rain we have had enough, No injury that may not be readily mended by a fortnight's sunny weatr.r7 :,as yet been done to the hay. 13Q t at° " nitlnue scarce, and the n ew (.: , .n..1:7,13 7i , n the Dublin market, very dear—say from i Ad. to 2d. per lb. Old are at the extravagant price of 9d. per stone. Those are high prices so late inthe summer. And it is deplor able to' thinirthat five or six weeks must elapse before the new ceop comes generally into play. The consequence is, that in several lecalities the greatest privations are experienced. From good authority we know that if spread over the face ofthe country there is a short sufficiency—but in some places it is almost ira possible to supply the demand. There must, therefore, w e aurefiend, be appeals to the public, as well as to the Go verniteni, for the extension of partial and temporary relief to some quarters. With regard to the state of the corn crops ge nerally, in Ireland, we learn that appersuices cannot be more promising than they are at presetit.—Dtthan 4.„„i ng Post. , , . MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. (THURSDAY EVENING) C H RONICLE. —The retreat of Balmaseda and Ca brera into France with the remnant of their adherents enables us now to say that the war is actually ended; and the result has been sensitively felt to-day in the Foreign House, where the market for Spanish Bonds has been animated. We have now, therefore, to consider the claims of the foreign creditors in their financial aspect, and it will be the duty of the committee, who have their inte rests committed to their charge, to adopt the best and most energetic measures for their protection and relief. The princ►pal object which they, no doubt, will keep steadily in view, will be to endeavour to make the Spa nish Government adhere strictly to their often expressed promises, that when the civil war was ended they would meet the claims of the bondholders with " per fect good faith." The committee can have no dir firulty in arriving at a correct conclusion as to the Weaning of the words. " Good faith" in a na tion, as regards their creditors, clan only have one construction, namely, payment of just debts to the fullest extent that the capabilities of the debtors can pro duce. What that extent may be in the,present case, we are not in a position at present to declare, because the finances of Spain, like those of every other State long subjected to the ravages of civil war, must be of course in a disorganized, and, probably, to some extent, exhausted condition, from which they cannot immediately recover. The resources of Spain, however, are great, and, by proper fiscal and financial reforms, her revenue might soon be rendered much more productive. We have often instanced the valuable increase which might be made in the custom duties on the arrangement of a commercial treaty by free principles with this coun try, and this will now, we trust, be a matter less difficult of accomplishment, when supported by the ex ample of what we have lately done with France and Austria ; and what, we trust, will soon be effected also with the kingdom of Portugal. But, independent of that very desirable object, it is manifest that a very important saving will be immediately practicable in the expenditure of Spain in the army estimates, which, in the last Budget, are stated at 900,000,000 of reals, equal, indeed, to the amount at which some well-informed persons estimate the entire free revenue. The half of that amount, or about three and a half millions sterling, ought surely to be saved in next year's expenditure, and, by the adoption of energetic measures, we cannot but hope that a part of that saving might be secured to the E glish creditors to wards payment of their dividends. We have been expecting for some days past t4at the report of the committee on the amount of the Sapnish debt would be given to the public, and perceive that it will soon be forthcoming. The period is very opportune for its publication, and as it will of course be founded on official papers, and accompanied by an authentic detail of the re venues of Spain, and of the value of the public lands un sold and yet tangible for the liquidation of the public en gagements, must be useful in enabling the creditors to form some judgment as to the value of their bonds. POST.—In the Foreign Market the principal dealings were in Spanish Stock, which, owing to the retirement of Cabrera into France, continues to improve, though slowly, as no confidence whatever is placed in the integrity of the Madrid Gcvernment. Victor►es may be obtained by the Christinos, and Carlists may succumb; hut, until some display of honesty is made on the part of the Administra tion, no advance, beyond a merely speculative advance, founded upon opinions as to the credulity of the public, can be expected. H ERA LD.—The Funds remain without any change worth notice. Consols 92A to a ex dividend. Exchequer Bills firm at 30s. to 325. premium. Bank Stock 1734- to The speculators in Spanish Securities ere at length it seems recovering their spirits, aid some extensive trans actions took place to-day for the rise which improved the quotations to•2ii to a. It is of course needless to say that all this is pure speculation, because no man of real property buys this sort of paper stuff by way of investment. It will however be curious to sec what sort of face the Spa nisi] Government will put on towards their creditors, now that the long-standing apologyfor non-fulfilment of eng agemen ts, that is the existence of the civil war, and forceu absorp tion by it of all resources consequent, is on its last Icgs. If inclined to set justly under this improved aspect of affairs, the surplus revenues of the Phillipine islands and of Cuba might be made applicable in a short time to the discharge of arrears of interest, if not tcohe reduction of the debt itself; and besides what may be derived from these quarters it will not be forgotten that a very great deal has been said as well as committed to paper on many occasions about the vast amount of national domains, the proceeds from the sale of which would, it has often been asserted on high Spanish authority, supply ample funds for the extinction of the whole debt itself, principal and interest. It does net require the power even of second eight, however, to foresee how the thing will en'. The liquidation alone of the war expendi ture, and of arrears and defalcations of all kinds will be a work of years, independent of all reference to, or possibility of provision for, the external debt, unless by an unhooked for casualty it should arrive that some more extraordinary reform and revolution in the financial affairs of • Spain should be operated, through an agency scarcely less than miraculous. The mere winding up and final balance of the Peninsular war under the illustrious Duke was not competed for some fifteen years after the final termination of the war, although of course the great hulk of the accounts had to be paid berme in strict form they could be examined and passed at home. Not the least of that great man's excellencies was however, as is well know n in the service and in Government quarters, that he was no less eminent as a financier than as a warrior. SUN.—Consols cloied to-day at 924 for the 16th inst., and 92k for the present delivery. The other Stocks were the same as in the morning. The news of Cabrera's retreat into France being now fully ccnfirmed by the receipt of further expresses from Paris, the speculators have been more inclined to do business in Spanish Bonds, and to give higher prices. The Active Stock rose from 27-,1 to 27 for money, and from 271 to 27i to -I for the Account. Colom bian Bonds have been steady at 27 to ; Brazilian steady at 80 ; and Austrian firm at 1101. French Five per Cent. Rentes, in consequence of the buoyancy of the market at Paris, have touched 117 f. 7.5 c. ; and tie Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. have been more dealt in at 531 to At Amsterdam the Domestic Fund on Tuesday afternoon was very animated, and closed firmly. Portuguese New Five per Cents. fluc tuated to some extent to-day—viz., from 358 to 34-, while the Three per Cents. altunatcd from 23: 1 2 - to 234. The Share Market is still in a languid condition, and sales cannot be effected unless at a slight reduction. The Great Western Shares have been marked 361 to 381, the Blackwall 1 to Ih, the Manchester and Leeds 27 to 28, the New 19_ ,!; the New North Mid land 64, and th e S o uth Western 20i, premium. Hull and Selby Shares were at 1, Bristol and Exeter at 1 24, North Midland at 7, and Brighton at 71 discount. Assam Shares dropped to discount. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS HAY. (From the Morning Chronicle.) Our pious Contemporary, the Standard, is very much shocked at one result that might have followed from the adoption of Mr. Easthope's motion on Church-rates by the House of Commons. It apprehends that, in that event, the Church would perchance have lost sundry mem bers whom it describes as very complete scamps ; but with uhom, nevertheless, it is most anxious that the Church should not part. The Standard is by no means solicitous for a Church " without spot or blemish." On the contrary, it is eager for as many spots or blemishes as will yield pence out of their purulence. Many people think that the claims of the Church to an absolute nationality, which, de Ado, has long ceased to exist, are injurious to its moral and spiritual character, by the unavoidable in clusion of criminals whom most Churches would be solicitous to disown. For instance, Gould is a member of the Church of England, and so is Oxford; that infinite liar Courvoisier bequeathed to the Ordinary sundry effu. sions of the Ordinary's own Church of England devotion ; Marchand was welcomed to Heaven by twenty thous: 4 od Church of England angels ; and Greer,acre had been all office bearer in the Church of England. Such wretches cannot sully the faith and worship of Hooker and Taylor, of Barrow and Tillctscn. But the connection of their names is a misfortune to a religious body ; and it is a mis fortune arising out of those claims which the Standard up holds and would extend. Our contemporary is not sati'. fled with the inclusion of these gems of grace ; it wishes the net to catch other fish of the same sort, though of smaller size; and is very angry with Mr. Easthope that his Bill might have unchurched a " godless and worthless class of nominal churchmen." ( From the Morning Advertiser.) Lord Melbourne's able speech on Tuesday might, ex planatory of the intentions of the Government, and the principles of the Canada Bill, appears to have consider. ably appeased the hostility entertained against the measure by the few Members of the House of Lords lately so violent in their opposition to it. The Report of 0 4 , , Committee on the Bill was last night taken int:4 to A. sideration with a temper and impartiality whieli we 1 ,0 :6 1, would more frequently pervade the deliberations of *vat as sembly. We are surprised, however, that the h inen d inent of the Duke of Wellington, poatpolling tbt operati on of the Act for "fifteen" instead of "six" Months, should have been agreed to without a division, or even any discus sion. In the present unsettled oondition of the Canadas, this delay may be attended with very disastrous results. We shall not, however, now anticipate evil, but we mint regret that the operation of a measure received by all par ties with such general approbation, should be delayed even for a day. Until the Bill come into operation the Canadas must be in a state of doubt and uncertainty, which is in itself an evil in any state, but in a state like Canada, recovering from the shock of an insurrection, with numerous malcontents in her own bosom, and in proximity of a powerful neighbour, whose example, if not instigation, stimulates the efforts to perfect independence and a severance of the connexion with Great Britain : in a state so circumstanced all measures of government should be of the most prompt and decisive character. (From the Morning Post.) The language which tome persons hold with respect to the course taken by the House of Lords on the Canada Bill is as unconstitutional as anything we ever heard of. It seems to be imputed to the Upper House of Parliament as a fault that they should have taken that measure into consideration at all. A good deal was said lately in France about the public injustice of treating the House of Peers in that country as though it were merely a Court for core gistering the Acts of the Chamber of Deputies. Our Bri tish House of Peers is an assembly much more ancient, 4,g -nified, and authoritative than that of France, and much more closely connected with the ordinary routine of the public business, yet some people really seem disposed to treat it in the same way. It is openly alleged, or arguments are used which come to that point, that, with regard to the Canada am, the proper business of the time of lords EVENING ED '~_ f--~ . „ was to agree to what the House of Commons had dater. mined upon, and to do no more. There are many who niarge upon the value of unanimit• in the passing of such a measure as the Canada Bill. We admit the value of unanimity ; but there is a right way of arriving at such unaohnity and a wrong way. A weak and indolent aqui eacence, a fearful and insincere assent, is not a desirable sort of unanimity. It certainly was the business of Go vernment to take all the care it possibly could in framing a measure for the government of Canada —to frame it so as to ensure the general consent, as far as that might be po, sible of both /louses of Parliament. But of the Upter House of Parliament the Government app ears, i n thi s la. stance, to have made no account at all. ( From the Morning Herald.) We belieic the attempt to unite the Cauadas will be attettded with the most disastrous results. It is, therefore, to be resisted to the uttermust. But if the tendcaey of the in, asure were different ; if the maintenance of British ascendancy in the Canadas demanded the adoption of sticsle a plan, we should be slow to admit that the feelings of the French Canadians ought, in the circumstances of the case, tq be admitted as a bar to the natural course of British im_ perial policy. True, the French Canadians were in 1781 guaranteed the enjoyment of certain privileges and immunities. But no less true is it, that the French Ca. naikris have themselves striven to subvert the autho. rite of tholse laws under which their political rights were, originally, secured to them. The French Canadians have rebelled against the supremacy of England. They base failed in their appeal to arms. They no longer, therefor*, stand in their original p os i t i on as claimants under the law, of certain definite political lights. Had they succeeded in their treasonable a:i.crupt, the right of supremacy enjoyed by F:,gland would have been violated. Having failed, the French Canadians may scarcely expect that their priv leges shall escape from the effects of the shock which themselves provoked. They wantonly broke their 'Com pact sith Great Britain. From that moment, Great Bri., tain \l as left free to adopt the course of policy nest con genial to the advancement of exclusively Britisi interests. CORONATION OF THE KING AN]) QUEEN OF DENMARK. The Copenhagen Gazette furnishes us with the follo►c in; account of the coronation of the King and Queen of Denmark, on Sunday, June 28 : " The ceremony was performed in the Chapel Royal at Friedrieksbord, where their Majesties on the preceding evening received the Saerement of the Last Supper, and the King held a chapter of the Order of the Elephant, and created several knights. In the morning of the day, the bells ringing merry peals, the King was invested with the coronation lobes, wearing the crown on his head, and went o'clock to the Queen's apartments, and with his own hand placed a crown on her head. Their Majesties afterwards proceeded to their respective grand audience climbers, and, ascending their thrones, rece i ve d a large circle. At a quarter b efore - twelve the Grand Master of the ceremonies aenouneed that all was ready, and their Majesties walked in procession to the chapel, all the enti ances of the Palace being then shut, and remain. ing so until the eeremeny was ended. The cortege was composed of all the great officers of the State, and of their .Nlajestics' households. The King and Queen each walked under a dais or canopy, supported by four chevaliers cf the Court. On entering the chapel, the King was received by the Bishop of Z.etland, to whom the right of performing the sacred office belongs, and the clergy, who conducted his Meje-ty to his hrt.ne, and then returned to conduct the Qie, nto her throne on the left of that of the King. At hat!-past two the solemn service commenced with the invocaten of the Holy Ghost; end whilst the choir was chereing the verse ‘, Great God, thou art ever near us," the grand conservator of the archives of the kingdom de. livered to the Bishop of Jutland, the phial of holy oil, blessed by the Bishop of Zealand. The King then re set:red tire cesigus of royalty, which lie had laid upon cushions nt the beginning of tee service, and knelt at the altar while the grand chamberlain took from him the croen, the asserd, and sceptre, and opened his robes at the breast ; and the Bishop of Zealand anointed him on the forehead, the breast, and the wrist of the right hand. Thhi done, the King res. stinted the icaignia, and returned to his throne. The Queen next ure!erweet the seine ceremonies, except that she was henointed on the breast and right hand only. She else returned to her throne, makine a low reverence to the ling, who in return saluted her by lowering the sceptre. The Ceremony ended by a Te Deum, during which there was a triple salvo of :27 shots fired, and the procession re. tune d in the same order to the palace, where, in the Queen ' ; apartments, a grand reception was given to the corps diplontatique and the high functionaries of State, who congratulated the Queen on her birth-day, which happened to be the same day. At five o'clock there was a rnAgnitieent banquet for their Majesties, the Princes of the Blood, and Officers of State, during which the public wore i.lloxed to circulate round the table. Fourteen din. nor tables were set out in other halls of the palace, for the other persons who had been present at the ceremony of the coronation. is the evening there was a grand illumina tion et the public buildings, and a splendid display Qi fife- AMOUNT OF BILLS OF EX- CHANGE IN CIRCULATION. ( Frum a Pamphlet entitled " Letters on the Currency, to - Charles Wood, Esq." Sze.) I assigned to each stamp the amount of bill it will cover, taking the medium, and not the highest amount and I have supposed the average o f bill s d rawn to be at two months date, and the result is shown at each period. If I take an average of all the. periods, the result is, the amount of bills of exchange circulating at one time is ;0 ; 247,549/.; but it I suppose the average date to be three months, and divide the year's return by four instead of six, which is nearer :he truth, the result is 102 millions st:i iirg of bills out at one time in England and Scotland f , r dy ; exclusive of Irish and foreign bills. 11 1 state the notes of the Bank at 16,732.00/., and the Country Bankers, at 11,422,-1451., as returned in 12th month last, with five milliens for Ireland and Scotland on., returned, I have the sum of upwards of 33 millions to compare with 102 millions of bills of exchange, which I expect to be much exceeded by the return of 1839. The close connexion of bills with notes, and the Inc., tallic part of the currency, is proved beyond all doubt, for when drawn and issued they cannot be honoured without the intervention of bank notes or gold, provided for the London bankers by the drawers, and often obtained to a largo extent, through discount at the Bank and bill.. brokers. It was stated at the last meeting of Bank prt_ prictors, that forty millions sterling of these bills had been turned into bank notes by discounting, during the last six months of the past year, and if so, 1 may infer t'aiit a s'itnts Lir amount, in addition, had been discounted by all the other bill-brokers during the same space of time. What occasioned the panic among the American merchants, in 1836, but the refusal of the Bank (no doubt rightly) to continuo any longer to discount their bills, which caused, many of the larger houses in England to stop payment, and others to seek the aid of the Bank ? A house, in Lancashire, was among the latter, who, at that time, I was informed from good authority, had in circulation three millions sterling of bills, at three months and four months' date, paid for purchases of goods which were in danger of dishonour, because the Bank had refused to discount, or turn into bank notes, their remittances received from Ames res to meet these bills - . I disc , unted many of these bills f.:r merchants near me, to find wages for their vvorkrneri, &o. In the great panic of 1825 and 1826, what caused the dishonour of thousands of Bills of Exchange but the'ini. possibility of obtaining Bank notes or gold to meet them when due? In fact, it was the derangement of this par( of the currency (bills) which caused a large part of the evih of that awful period, and aided in bringing the %M to within twenty-four hours of stoppage. The tact is, this enormous superstructure of Bills of Exchange rests upon the base formed, by the amount "of Bank notes and gold ; and when, 1 !;y events, this basil,. comes too much narrowed, its solidity and very existence is endangered. If so, then., how are they to be separated in any useful considet:dtion of the subject? You cannot ',ndeed dare not, limit either the date or amount bills of exchange in this commercial country ; but you may improve the foundation on which they rest. and strengthen the pivot on which they turn. It ii this part of the currency that affects the exchangers, and en. dangers, every three or four years, the existence of the Bank of England, and not the extension or contraction, tia the extent of one or two millions, of the notes of country bankers. We must add that William Leatham, hanker, of Wakefield, Yorkshire, the author of the pamphlet, and a'member of the Society of Friends, seems igno rant of the existence of Mr. Burgess's pamphlet, publishtd, we believe, in 1826, which demonstratr A the effects of bills of exchange on the currency, and estimates their amount at that period, if orir me mory be correct, for we have not the pamr..blet at hand to refer to, at upwards of 200,000,00 e/. TURKEY. The Leipsic Gazdte has the following from Constants. nople :—" Since the dismissal of Khosrew Pacha, a mar riage is spoken of between the son of Ibrahim Pacha and the sister of the reigning Sultan, whojwas to have married Fethi- Ahmed Pa ..ha. The Sultan had, in the first instance, granted a pension to Khosrew Pacha, on his dismi&sal, of 50,000 piastres a-year ; but, having since heard that be has uttered invectives and menaces against him, he has exiled Khosrew to Broussa, alter haying consulted the Divan on the subject. Two dale before his dismissal, Khosrew gave a splendid breakfast to the Countess de Woronzow, probably little imagining that this e was the last act of attention he could pay to Russia, Wien Madame do Woronzow was received by the Sultan, she was covered with decorations , and some per s in: who were present even say that on her Amazonian costume also be the report t h at the Sultan decorated her with the order of Nishan Millar ; but i. 3 51)had untrue,the as may of a general. Thi s , how ever, it is certain that the Sultan rose, took the Countess by the w oronzo w, who could not obtain Krmission to hand, and invited her to be seated ; a distinction never be fore obtained by any other lady. As a compensation to the wife of Reschid Pacha •-• ;and : 1 '. Irv,' her a grand • dNii visit, dinner, r e; hr ra , ec to lid n ae.r h e i m ch , all the Ambassadors' V. mice was performed by la:lies were invited. A s tne Reschid Pacha caused some amusement by her manner of handling her spoon and i bl d a 3 c black actedeu rru a e s h i a n tc'. and P r s e l t a e s" e s s. fork, having only .earned to use them a few days before. The Turks, up to the present time, have used only their hands at their meals. The Minister for Foreign Affairs I isss been much censured for employing Frenchmen, whilst he leases the Turkish employes in arrear, for want of means to pay them. Amongst other foreigners who are employod is M. Alphonse Royer, the ex-editor of the Siecle, %hp, was sent for a month ago from Paris. He has already m ee i ve d his first month's salary of 8,000 piastres. It wa said that to was to be editor of the Moniteur 0110174 M, but this is I riot the ease," ~r, '~l 11 tj 1 7 . , b:. - 1.../. 74 ,..„,i, I-J:? ,/ .-,--, tr ?c-s' "~