The Sun. — London, England, 1847-01-06 00:00:00

..::: ~, ~_ ` a z~~ %~ , rTel - . 1. -- 1.. T , • . 411 , 7, .. • ~...4 ..4 *:= ~.,;: , 1 . oxt - 1 ,- 4, - ~.., .... - - , t— ! 1 '4,,,vt ... 4t: . - P,' ,-, ~,,, . jett - ,' . ),,p, 4 . 9 ..t. , . -----_,',- itC , ~ 1 , -.. r t . \ii, n-) -- 7 ' \... ''5',,,!-- t ,—.i.,—* „.. '... ilW "6l, s .A , l (.4' Wi., I j ~ - ,..i -R-HlFit'.4:j: 1.4 ,„:...:: il ~, .._.;:-.. ~„ 2 , 0 - 41472. q•,, , , A tc, ~. m :,"., cif l'." -\-'—a.---1--411 - 44:7 ' ....7,-- - 8.: . ... ,4 I,Ntt T:,, ' , -,, 1., 4.• a 1 . . ' .. ...t.. *,' ... . I . - - - .4 - -,_. t .": _ ~, ^ -. 4 ' -. -0 4 ~,, ?; , P -,... 1s - - _ h • ~,,: _ .....-...--''' ETS. m an d OP nd pton, to, QuA t , h er ad sou. , New, ei SLATER *v. OLDICXOI9'.—OLDKNOW v. SLATER. ANN PEAKE, DECEASED.—Pursuant to a Decree of the High Court of Chancery, made in the causes of Slater v. Oldknow and Oldlmow v. Slater, and dated the 9th day "March. 1846; all and every the relative, or relatives, or the repre lientatives of any such relative or relatives of Ann Peake, formerly 5 small Heath, in the parish of Ashton, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, spinster, who departed this life on or about the 10 th day of July, 1844, are forthwith, by their Solicitors, to come in and prove their relationship and kindred before WILLIAM BSOUGRAM, Ltacl, ens of the Masters of the High Court of Chancery, at his %mambas, idouthampton-baildings, Chancery-lane, London; other :** they will be excluded all benefit or advantage under the Will 44 a* Said Ann Peake, or under the said Decree. CLARKE, GRAY, AND WOODCOCK, 20, Lincoln's Inn-fields, Agents for B. Chesshire, jun., Birmingham. MORNING No. 16,942 . LONDON, WEDNESDAY STal N 7 JANUARY 6, 1847. P RICE SD. PUNISHMENT OF DEATH. HEALTH OF TOWNS. GUN-COTTON. Some very interesting experiments have been made in the United States with the newly-discovered explosive material, gun-cotton. The following article, from a cor respondent of the Lowell Courier, is of great value to scientific men, and will not bear condensati,.n. BEARD'S COL OU,REDareta P ken HOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAI at • Ilk King William-street. City ; 34, Parliament-street, Westminster; and the Royal Polytechnic Institution, Regent-street. " A great improvement has been effected, Mr. Beard's portraits i ti lOW exhibit a de gree o f b o ld ness , an d s t an d ou t with a relief, greatly esiderated In all the earlier specimens."—Times. THE BRITISH and FOREIGN INSTITUT E J. enters on its flftk year in 1347 ; and Members joining it at the present time will have the advantage of the full Session of the Soirees, Lectures, Conversazione, and Discussions, which will com mence on FRIDAY, January 21, and be continued on the Friday Even ings of each week from January to June. The Club attached to the Institute is sow ready for the reception of New Members, and particulars of each may be had at 13, George street, Hanover-square. JAMES S. BUCKINGHAM, Resident Director. ItOYA.L EXCHANGE ASSURANCE CORPORATION, ROYAL ECIIANGE, LONDON. (EBtabllahed by Royal Charter A.D. 1720.) FIRE INSURANCES. %UM —The tonal fifteen days allowed for payment of l'il.miuma due at Christmas will expire on the 9th day of January Aut. GOOD PIANOFORTES, CHEAP. The large and valuable STOCK of PIANOFORTES manu factured by ZEITTER and Co , is now SELLING OFF, at No. 4, New Cavendish-street, Portland-place, in consequence of a dissolu tion of partnership. The instruments, consisting of mahogany and rosewood grands, semi-grands, cabinets, cottages, and piceoL,s, are made with the patent sounding-board, metallic plate, check action, and all the latest improvements. The Pianofortes made by %eater and Co. have always enjoyed a preference among the nobility and gentry, having been honoured with the patronage of her Majesty the Queen, the Duchess of Sutherland, &c. The peculiar construc tion of the sounding-board ensures their greater durability, and their One tone is well known. Parties desirous of possessing one of these superior Instruments may now purchase the same on very advanta geous terms. Grands, heretofore from 120 to 145 guineas, are now selling at from 501. to 701., and others in proportion. N.B The premises, No. 5, have been recently closed. mom TWo.thp.a. LIFE INSURANCES. Of the profit on the Company's Life Business since De rrter, 1841 , will be apportioned, periodically, among Policies for a " , ; without involving the Assured in any risk of Partnership. The Company has returned to the position in the Royal Exehange ch it had occupied in the former building from 1720 till its de lithlction by fire in 1838. Remy Bainbridge, Esq. George P. Barclay, Esq. Edmond I. P. Calvert, Esq. John Qarratt Cattley, Esq. Alexander Colvin, Esq. William Davidson, Esq. John Deacon, Esq. Riversdale W. Grentell, Esq. Williara T. lilbbert, E,sq. Lancelot Holland. Esq. Hir George Larpeut, Bart. John C. Lochner, Esq. ROYkL EXCHA Branch Office, 29, Pall-mall. Govkarroa—Thomas Tooke, Esq. Gua - GOVlRNoll—William Sampson, Esq. D arrry-Govzaxea—The Hon. J. T. Leslie Melville. DIAECTORS. Sir J. W. Lubbock, Bart. Charles John Manning, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq. Edward H. Palmer, Esq. John Henry Polly, Esq. Abraham G. Robarts, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq. Sir Samuel Scott, Bart. William Soitau, Esq. William Wallace, Esq. Octaiius Wigram, Esq. Charles B. Young. Esq. ALEX. GREEN, Secretary. GE ASSURANCE OFFICE. The ROYAL EXCHANGE Nov. 25, 1846. a_tytANCE d e hereby give notice. COURT of DIRECT ORS of the ROYA L-EXCHANOE that their TRANSFER-BOOKS "n: he SHUT from T UESDAY, the Bth of December next, to THURSDAY, It4l of January following, that the ANNUAL GENERAL COURT Pointed by the Ch arter will be holden, at their Office, on the Royal -o.eXcillange, °a WEDNESDAY, the 23d of December next, at Twelve ea in the Forenoon ; and that a Dividend will be considered of at the said Court. ALEIR. GREEN, Secretary, ARGUS LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 39, THROGMORTON-STREET, BANK. EMPOWERED BY SPECIAL ACT OF PARLIAMENT. THOMAS FARNCOMB, Esq., Alderman, Chairman. Arden,WlLL Esq.IAM LEAF, Esq., Deputy - Chairman. Ri chard E. John llumphery Esq., Alderman, IV-..." "am Banbury, Esq. M.P. Edward Rates, Esq. Thomas Kelly, Esq., Alderman. Thomas Camplin, Esq. eremiah Pilcher, Esq. James Chft, Esq. Lewis Pocock, Esq. Rupert Ingleby, Esq. Parsicisx—Dr. Jeaffreson, 2 Finsbury-square. Susomex—W. Coulson, Esq., 2, Frederick's-place, Old Jewry. CONSULTING ACTUARY—Professor Hall, of King's College. LOW RATES OF PREMIUM. Persons Assuring in this Office have the benefit of the Lowest rates of Premium which is compatible with the safety of the Assured, and which is, in effect, equivalent to an Annual Bonus; they have likewise the security of a large subscribed capital —an Assurance Fund of nearly a Quarter of a Million—and an Annual Income of Upwards of 60,0001., arising from the issue of between 5,090 and 6 .900 Policies. ANNUAL PREMIUM TO ASSURN £lOO. Age. 20 .4() 17 3 30 1 1 3 40 1 5 0 50 1 14 1 60 3 2 4 Whole Term. £0 19 1 £1 11 10 127 2 0 7 1 6 9 2 14 10 1 19 10 4 0 11 3 7 0 6 010 For One Year. I For Seven Yeare, One-half of the " Whole Term" Premium may remain on credit for seven years, or one-third of the Premium may remain for life as a debt upon the policy at 5 per cent., or may be paid off at any time without notice. Policies assigned as a security to others, will not be rendered void ni consequence of death by suicide, duelling, or by the hands of jus tice. In case of death by the above causes, where the Policies are not assigned, the gross amount of Premiums received will be returned. Claims paid in one month after proofs have been furnished. The Medical Officers attend daily at a Quarter before Two o'Clock, and Policies issued the same day. EDIVARD BATES, Resident Director. A liberal Commiision to Solicitors and Agents. CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETT, No. 78, Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury. Instituted 1824. FOURTH DIVISION OF PROFITS. An extraordinary General Meeting of the Proprietors of thistociety will be held at the Office, in Great Russell street, on Tnuasuay, the 7th day of January ensuing, at Twelve o'clock precisely, for the pur pose of declaring a BONUS out of the Profits which have accrued from the general business of the Society during the Five years end ing June 30th, 1846, and at that Meeting the Persons Assured have the right of being present. The same Meeting will be made special, in order that the Pro prietors may take into consideration the expediency of amending Cod altering some of the existing laws, regulations, and provisions Of the Society, pursuant to the Deed of Constitution. GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Secretary. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY, 26 CORNHILL, LONDON'. Capital £500,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament. Institution embraces important and substantial advantages t las "" resPeet to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or f0r .1.4777 at the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ; er efd ll option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in- A A .:,„,,mest other conveniences or necessity. ales, an d for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible DIVISION OF PROFITS. Lu ne remarkable success and increasing prosperity of the Society a ~,Ln l bed the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare bonus, varying from 35 to 85 per cent. on the premiums paid each Policy effected on the Profit scale. EXAMPLES, b. cr, ''d ?e N i Assured Bonus Bonus in 1 2 . . Premium. 4 added.* Cash. $ may = 3 ''' Borrow. P 2. . --- t £s d. ;1837 5217 15 1 £lOO 011 £l6 0 4£ 445 0 0 1838 192 3 0: 87 1 4 13 10 2 395 11 1 €9 100 0 3 4 11839 ; 165 11 10 1 74 1 9 11 3 1 346 2 3 1840] 116 7 6, 54 010 718 10 296 13 4 48411 111 6 8; 4910 0 710 4 247 4 9 The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made is December of the present year. F. FERGUSON C.4.311t0UX. Secretary. THE SELF-SUPPORT INSTITUTION, (aided by Voluntary Contributions.) for the Cure of Stricture of the Urethra. and all other Diseases of Urinary Organs, Nervous, Lecal, and General Debility. SußnEorr—F. 13. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.L., 2, Chandos-street, Cavendish-square. To small tradesmen, clerks, mechanics, and the working classes generally, this Institution offers, in all eases, gratuitous surgical assistance, and in others medicine also freeaf expense. Apply at the Surgery adjoinng the Surgeon's residence. J)ERBYSHIRE, STAFFORDSHIRE, AND & WORCESTERSHIRE JUNCTION RAILWAT COMPANY. (Provisionally Registered.) At a Meeting of the Shareholders in the above Company, convened by virtue of the Act 9 and 10 Victoria, cap. 28, and pursuant to the notice duly published in the following Gazettes and Newspapers, and on the following days, that is to say, " London Gazette" of 25th De cemi er, 1846, " The Times," " Morning Herald," and " Morning •Ally rtiser," of 24th December, 1846, and held at No. 4, Queen act' trv, in the city of Westminster, being the office of the Company, at the hour of Eleven o'clock on this day, the 4th of January, 1847. a ° I IN MEE MATHEW, one of the Members of the Committee of Management, was by the Members of the said Committee then pre 'ens, and within one hour of the time appointed for the holding such ' t esting. unanimously elected Chairman, and having taken the Chair, Messrs. John Gilbert Lander, Jo seph Catiston, and Timhomas I lensusan. three Shareholders in the said Company, were me diately afterwards elected by said meeting Scrutineers, to verify and t ake the votes of the Shareholders entitled to vote under said Act, and to cast up and declare the same, I t Was then moved by GEORGE WHITWORTH, Esq., and seconded by WILLIAM SMITH CATCHPOLE, Esq.— That the Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Worcestershire Junction Railway Company be dissolved. The Chairman having put the question of dissolution, the Scru ineers proceeded to take and record the votes thereon, and reported that persons representing 6,575 shares. being more than one-third Dart of the shares actually issued, were present and voted ; and that 8 0 votes were in favour of the dissolution of the said Company, and that 6,495 votes were against such dissolution. The Chairman then stated that the motion for dissolving the Com 12allY was not carried. On the motion of W. Halms, Esq., seconded by J. C. CURTISS, BEET ROOT and FLOUR BREAD. The Right Hon. T. F. Kennedy, Paymaster of Civil Services in Ireland, has addressed a public letter to Mr. Labouchare, drawing attention to the fact, that beet root and flour, mixed in equal proportions, make excellent nutritious bread. This discovery is of considerable im portance, as it is believed beet root could be readily in troduced into cultivation in Ireland and the Highlands, and an abundant supply of seed of it may be had from France. The Gardener's Chronicle, in remarking on Mr. Kennedy's letter, says— " We have long since shown the great value of a beet crop in point of nutrition; that, in fact, it ranks higher than any known plant which is cultivable. But there was always the difficulty of how to consume it, for men would find it a poor diet by itself, and the present cir cumstances of Ireland are not such as to justify the intro duction of produce which can become food for man only after having been transformed into pigs and oxen. The discovery, however, in Germany of the facility with which it may be combined with bread, removes the difficulty, and places beet incontestably at the head of the new articles which should be introduced into Irish husbandry. In its relation to potatoes, beet stands as 1,020 to 423, if its nutritive quality is considered ; and as 8,330 to 3,480 in regard to utilisable produce of all kinds. It is still to be determined what kind of beet could be best cultivated for this purpose. Red beet pro duces brown bread ; white sugar beet would probably yield a white bread, and of still better quality ; mangold wurtzel we have ascertained to form a bread of inferior quality, but still eatable enough. " Mr. Kennedy suggests that carrots and parsnips might be employed in the same manner as beet. That we have tried, and we find that parsnips are excellent, but carrots much less palatable. All these substances combine readily with flour, but they are rather unwilli n g to part with their water, and will probably be best in cakes, like oatmeal." LLOYD'S SHIPPING. LOWDON, JAN. s.—Wind E.S.E., light airs and thick weather. DEAL, JAN. 4.—Wind S. by E. to S.S.W., fresh.—Arrd. Protector, Honduras ; Douglas, Douglas, Quebec;_ St. An drew, Read, ditto. Arrd. from the River, Sarah Charlotte, Dunnett, Cape of Good Hope; Fairy, Garron, St. John's, Newfoundland. Ponmsmount.—Arrd. Hash, Justice, Mogadore. Cowls, JAN. 4.—Wind S. by E.—Arrd. Pharnix, Larsen New York. PORTLAND, JAN. 2.—Arrd. Jarrow, Quebec, Stockton. OFF PLYMOUTH.—Bathurst, Plank, Honduras. NRWPORT JAN. 2.—Wind N.E.—Sld. Phoenix, Rury, Jamaica; Elizabeth Moore, Hughes, Havannah. Mitrolin, JAN. 3.—Wind S.E., strong.—Arrd. Duke of Cornwall, Phillipps, New York for Swansea. ABERDEEN, DEC. 31.—Arrd. Lord Seaton, Quebec. DUNDEE, JAN. 2.—Arrd. ZD, Bassell, New Orleans; Amelia, Donald, Montreal ; Hebe, Thomson, Montreal. LEITH, JAN. 1 .—Arrd. General Graham, White, St. John's, New Brunswick. LEITH ROADS, JAN. 2.—Arrd. William Dawson, Quebec. STOCKTON, DEC 31.—Arrd. Mabel, Andrew, St. John's, New Brunswick ; Ann and Mary Cunningham, St. John's, New Brunswick. YARMOUTH, JAN. 3.—The Elizabeth, of Stockton, has been got off the Scroby Sand, after throwing part of cargo overboard. - . - DUNDALK, JAN. 2.—The Prince George struck on the bar to-day, and is making a deal of water. CORK, JAN. I.—Wind E.N.E., moderate.—Arrd. Cheshire, King, Havannah ; Agnes, Dockers, Matanzas; Prince Llewellyn, Gibbs, Truxillo ; Abercrombie, Lantit, Honduras ; Albion, Bowman, Quebec. Ski. Duncan, Kent, New Or leans; Bubo WEyere, Beatty, ditto; Pandora, Charleston. tsq.--: The marked thanks of the meeting were unanimously given to the Chairman aid the Scrutineers for the manner in which they had performed their duties. J. MEE MATHEW, Chairman. JOSEPH CAUSTON, THOS. BENSUSAN,lScrutineers. J. G. LANDER, witness—R. S. MACKENZIE. J. FAYRER. AN INFALLIBLE HAIR DYE. ROWLANDS' MELACOMIA, the most suc cessful liquid preparation ever known in this or any3ther country for dyeing the hair of the head, whiskers, mustachios, and I eyebrows a natural and permanent brown or black, so exactly re sembling the natural colour of the hair as to defy detection. It is perfectly innocent in its nature, is free from unpleasant smell, and can be used by any are or gentleman with the greatest ease and secrecy. Its effects are so permanent , - that neither water nor perspi ration will influence them ; and it is entirely the from these properties (usual in hair dyes) which give an unnatural red or purple tint to the hair. Price ss. ROWLANDS . ODONTO ; or, ?earl Dentifrice, a white powder for the teeth, compounded of the choicest and most recherché ingre dients of the Oriental herbal. It eradicat es tartar from the teeth, removes spots of incipient dpeecaaryl.„likpeenwsits and preserves the enamel, imparts the most pure an pe ens,t and gives sweetness and perfume to the breath. Price Si. 9d. r h ex. Sold by the Proprietors, A. Rowland and Son, 29, H a tt on-garden, London, and by Chemists and Perfutners. THE PERFECT SUBSTITUTE for SILVER. the twelve bythe iti p4 o %duri aud n g The high estimate formed Years WILLIAM S. BURTON'S (late (made intoßtl•CeL6j elienf cally purified material has been be fore it , useful and ornam ental art i cle usually made in silver, p ossessing, as it do*, the characteristic purity a nd durability of silver) has eau, into emstence the deleterious compounds of " Albata Plate,' .. Berlin Silver ,e ns of the " and other so ca ll e d su b s titutes ; they are at best but b ad imitat genu i ne articles manu f ac tured, and sold only b y him. Fiddle Threaded King's Table Spcons and Forks, full size per Pattern. Pattern. P attern, dozen.. •• • - lOs. Od. 215 . ed. 25 3. Od. Dessert ditto and ditto di tto Tea ditto ittitdtoao .. and ditto, ,dltto 3s. Od. 6 s. Od. 7 s. 04 . NICK EL EL ECTRO-PLATED. —The REAL NICKEL SILVER, int roduced and m a d e only by WILLIAM S. BU RTON (lat e RIPPON and BURTON'S). when plated by the patent process b of Messrs. Elkington and Co.,is beyond all comparison t h e very either article, next to s t erl i ng silver, that can be employed as such of usefully or ornam entally. In the lengthened and increas i ng popu. larity of the m a t er i al itself, and the high character of the m et h_b!•l S. Murton ( an d b y him only) plating, the public have a guarantee that the articles sold by w Superior to wh a t can be supplied at any other house, while brab Y are, as it regards wear, no possible test can they be distinguished from real silver. King's. Fiddle. Thread. Tea Spoons, per dozen 1325. • ' 383. • • • ..... es. .. Dessert Forks , , Dessert SpoOIIS ~ T able Forks •••• • • • • 4Ol. .. 655. • • 755 . Table Spoons ” " . Tea and coffee sets, waiters, candlesticks, Sec., at proportionate li ces• All kinds of re-plating done by the patent process, Detailed tatal ~. rogiles, with engravings, as well as of every ironmongery article, "11 (Der post) fres. ;„.wIL gene LIAM S. BURTON (late RIPPON and BURTON'S) Stock ral Furnishing Ironmongery is literally the largest in the ;T rld, a n d as no language can be employed to give a correct idea of Variety and extent, purchasers are invited to call and inspect it ..._ Oxford -street (corner of Newman-street) , r‘stousued in wen. — witzett. 1520. -, _ 1 , . _, _ _ , ate, Nottid cashire , laledonian , Ire, 3% P 1 Glasgoiv $44, ffield, 2 .4 ' •to I /6 P. — ry Id and xfa Thirds, als, 1 9-1 6 o rd a nchester 11, 16-1 6 liance, , d ManchOp p. ). Ar.E.C°' RIIIe D LIFE R es t r aint—:2 6l o , 'a of Patel,. oi Karriage,;;, air'd. keen, Fuld saga. to gain." I ingnil feelwo And. 111 ° 01 feeble, th e ",if ina3" 4 —. °l2 po ch beam' what shtul, en." w it ; upon sublt‘ found ot every ;h informs pj ) niugated the hidden trOLIIS,IO of relief, .1t1,76f1 ter own PAY' at upon ill a ,l nization, Ir several 1 :;40, in our ink .ch the heat",;. I have timel.. thfully „1/0 and haAipti tereof in w;po ?-s on our 0. 0 it Ries, whi c _ A i li DO / 1 as the 1)70i comes the Ab. y ef his enrol must be raL 0 tarantee trail 1 . A r • Carfall i ,in ' 39, Corn y s' street (lea a ' r., rpt# crsonally Seven till vies o and .^ el rest ( 11 1 I ifedical means of r. 5 ted su ictureGit ruustrated bYct t their resideV6 I , 146, Leadenly 1, d Co., 63, 01106 j 0 to those wit , c ir irough fear 01 _, ble introdactio.• Lhood. A sir of diseaseg , "' v ai infection, s Y a iii medical aid, ° et d of naivelyirect ty, habits. and le . and 33/. Per I ..CCE. O n , the blood irric at, face, ands .m iraproPr i e skin.' " Ice 50. 9. A .. 40. ! for strictlft 10 lout bh3dr au detail of e"'':der.ol at their ro s . ileven t''' CUUTII aKD GRAVINa S " 10 81 ad enveloP e l , in Postage 6 ' I edical Tre tor i gi l Rah and 3 . 14 wog' en the productive „ vo;iiiti .lions, an asl / 7 habits, f or , atment of ) _, 4 e 85 0 ot h e r disc.- SURGEON, radon; i mno oll nburgh, ety, Li COT,'" off, ith its 01 , d eductive Ut of the Ge n ", 0 0 proving t ha .ctlo S o ' heir heal thi DUS eff CCU' O tioa, yof the to u r fll wcakneS S pad olsorders of n o Local Near 5 and v'sdf. cess, 600°1 is a legal gliAll ice • ra bl e e xperiennr tem the toll!! A' 3 an invalua,-_,ot; cd , w ok ceases, whi er , and by its 't ic , lir iat admit O s' his resideat!,;., fannay and 14 6 ° ant; Gordon,t 0 01 .street, LlV'r WI T WO, And frail! • ed it contain i iti _ EET _ ORES OF / TENT AND PIO/ilia ' Ad the whole o cider and ulcers, Pe' to . inz afflicted WO . st t.urgeons ho Worcester P;-01 veTer, a notti`,o; r means had fir us in rll 06e4 # ll oints.—Sold lvdito incnt, 244, Sufi til f bury-square , „ 4 a son and lom oP Buxton, Esq. , sa 1, Mrs. C to 1 ,1 2 0 4 ° hurch, Auc.--AK Esq., Deputi„j4 lc Victor, tP er o Zoyal Eng , e e y Saunders, Eg vt ge ghter of the h , ,'shire, Joliet 1, Lancashir e 'or in Harland, ith, Bedford gb rith, aged Sb• 001 e, M.P. • 00 , Thomas porn a der av endish-sq!' r 9 , ckinghain si3 ;, .1' ;-park- squar"' ;est son of p'e'w of Caleb Field' 11 5 i ot and, in the 1 :r — it Tuel44o PUBLICATIO(S. NEW WORK BY MICHAEL ANGELO TITMARSIT. This Day is published, to be continued in Monthly Parts, prise le. each, with numerous Illustrations on Steel and Wood, Part I. of VANITY I' AI R. PEN AND PENCIL SKETCHES OF ENGLISH SO CIETY. By W. M. THACKERAY. Author of " The Irish Sketch Book ;" " Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo ;" of " Jeames's Diary," and the " Snob Papers," in Punch, &c. &c. Bills and Advertisements will be received at the Moe, during the month. • London: Published at the Punch Office, 85, Fleet-street; J. Men zies, Edinburgh ; J. M'Leod, Glasgow ; J. ➢i'Glashan, Dublin. CHEAP POPULAR LITERATURE. This day is published, THE LIFE OF DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON, by the Rev. J. F RUSSELL, 8.C.L., Enfield. Foolscap Bve, cloth, 4s. 6d., or in handsome half morocco, 65., being Tel. IV. of Burns' " Select Library," a new and cheap series of instructive and entertaining books for general use, lending libraries, prizes, &c. Vol. V. will be A POPULAR HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Price ss. Full prospectuses may he had on application. London James Burns, 17, Portman-street. Published on the Ist January, 1847. ATREATISE on the PHYSICAL CAUSE of the DEATH of CHRIST, and its Relation to the Principles and Practice of Christianity. By WILLIAM STROUD, M.D. London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co. NEW ILLUSTRATED PERIODICAL FOR ALL CLASSES. Now ready, in Weekly Numbers, price Three• half-pence. Contents of No. l of Vol. 111., or No. 53, of THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL. Edited by JOHN SAUNDERS. ENGRAVINGS. 1. Love and Jealousy. By W. Harvey. 2. The Neglected Genius. By W. Hunt. ORIGINAL PAPERS. 1. Ara Force, aSketch. By Harriet Martineau. 2. A Lyric. By Ebenezer Elliott. 3. Cracow and Poland, By Joseph Mazzini. 4. Art Education for the People. By George Wallis, late Principal of the Manchester School of Design. 5. Social Geography. By Mary Leman Gillies. 6. Sun-rise and Sun-set on the Rhigi. By Angus B. Reach. 7. Love and Jealousy. By Andrew Winter. 8. The Removal of the Chinese Exhibition. 9. Black Gang Chine. By Goodwin Barmby. 10. Proposal for a National Anti-Slavery Remonstrance to America. 11. Address and Poem. By the Editor. &c. &c. With numerous important announcements of arrangements made for the forthcoming Numbers. This Number forms the First of a New Volume (III.) ; and pre sents an excellent opportunity for New Subscribers to commence with it. Vols I. and H. are now ready, 4s. 6d. each ; also, Cases for Bind ing both, One Shilling each. A new Illustrated Prospectus may be obtained, free, from all Booksellers and Newsmen. People's Journal Office, 69, Fleet-street. T HE PAST YEAR AND THE PRESENT YEAR.—A DIALOGUE. On last New Year's evening, the past year and present Shook hands, and convers'd in a style rather pleasant. " How d'ye do?' said the Old Year, addressing the New; " Weill, I'm nicely, I thank you, old friend, how are you?" Thus awhile did they chat, and, betore they had done, They toueh'd on the projects of MOSES and SON. " 1 have often felt proud (said the Year that is past), When a glance on the warehouse of MOSES I cast; For this vast speculation—this trading domain— Open'd all its vast premises during my reign. Whenever I look at this mercantile throne I rejoice that my honours will rival your own." " Stop! stop I (said the Preseut Year), talk not SO fast, I'll prove that the present shall rival the past. Although in your mayoralty' much has been done By tho-e wonderful tradesmen, E. MOSES and SON, Don't suppose for one instant that less will appear At MOSES and SON'S in the present new year. ' ON ! ON !' is the maxim on which they would 118, And thus will they rival the year Forty-six. The year Forty-seven, long, long ere it closes Will add a fresh wreath to the laurel of MOSES. ONE WORD OF THANKS. On an annual occasion like this we would thank Our numberless patrons, whatever their rank; Our warmest acknowledgments let us express, Since the Forty-six has display'd such success; And let us make promise that much shall be done, As a public return by E. MOSES and SON. LIST OF PRICES. READY MADE. d Beaver Taglionts, from Chesterfields and Codringtons Pashas, D'Orsays, and Chesterfields, and every description of winter coats — Boys' Winter Coats, in every style and make• •.• .• • • 0 8 6 Tweed Trousers, lined •••••• • • • • •• Doeskin Dress Coats .• • • • ..... .• •• Frock Coats.. • ..... ••••.•• • • • • • .••.... ••• • .. 15 0 Double-breasted Vests Boys' Hussar and Tunic Suits • • •••••• •• •• ...• ••..• • •• 018 6 Boys' Winter Trousers .•• • • ....... ..... ....... ...... 0 3 0 Ditto Vesta -• Mourning to any extent at five minutes' notice. MADE TO MEASURE. Winter Coats, warranted waterproof, made to any style, handsomely trimmed •••• . • • • Milled Cloth Coats, trimmed, velvet collar and cuffs, lined 2 6 0 Tweed Overcoats. ......... ...... ......... ...... ..... 0 18 e Tweed Trousers ...................................... 0 8 6 Winter Trousers, in all the most approved French patterns 1 2 6 Best Dress Trousers .. • • ....... 1 6 0 Dress Coats Best quality made ••••••• .. • • • • •.. ••• . ..... .... 2 15 0 Frock Coats ••• • • ..... .. • • .... Best quality made ........... ........ ................• 3 3 0 Fancy Vests ........ ...... Satin, plain or fancy Boys' Hussar and Tunic Suits .... Observe.--Any article purchased, ready made, or made to mea sure, if not approved of, will be exchanged, or if preferred, the money returned. E. MOSES and SON, Tailors, Woollendrapers, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, and General Outfitters, for Ladies and Gentlemen, 154, 155, and 156, 157 Minories, and 83, 84, 85, and 86 Aldgate, amity, London. Caution.—E. Moses and Son regret being obliged to guard the public against impostors, but have learned that the untradesman like falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern, has been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons. They have no connexion with any other hone in or out of London; and those who desire genuine and chevp clothing, &c., should call at, or send to, Minories and Aldgate, City, London. Netice.—No business transacted at this establishment from sun set Friday, till sunset Saturday, when business is resumed till twelve o'clock The entrance to the far department is at 83, Aldgate, corner of the Minories and Aidgate, opposite the ehureb. -- A meeting was held on Monday night at the National Hall, Holborn, for the purpose of expressing the opinion of those assembled as inimical to the maintenance of capital punishment in the British empire, Mr. Charles Gilpin in the chair. The CHAIRMAN commenced by expressing his belief that the punishment of death was altogether opposed to the teachings of Christianity, which directed forgive ness rather than such a sanguinary punishment. Ile next alluded to other practical evils connected with the existence of such an infliction, amongst which was its irremediable character where the punishment was wrong fully inflicted, and instanced, amongt other cases, one of the conviction of a young man at Ipswich, a few years since, who suffered death upon the false supposition of being concerned in a murder, with which it subsequently appeared he had not even had a remote connexion. This, the chairman said, was in itself a striking instance of the fallibility of human judgment—(llear, hear)—a fallibility which was the more important for considera tion when it was reflected that it often resulted in the awful and sinful infliction of the punishment of death. Mr. F. ROWTON proposed the first resolution, which was to the effect that the punishment of death was totally indefensible on grounds of policy, morality, and religion, and that in the opinion of the meeting it ought to be im mediately and totally abolished. He altogether dis avowed such a ground as expediency for defending the continuance of capital punishment, for it ought to be opposed on principle, and altogether without relation to expediency. But if it were necessary to discuss the question on such grounds, he could easily prove that sanguinary and atrocious crimes prevailed in the ratio of the maintenance of sanguinary punishments.— (Hear.) The fear of death was, in fact, the lowest and worst motive which could be given to a man to prevent him from the commission of crime, and the carrying out of the sentence only tended to brutalise men, and render them callous and ferocious.—{Hear.) But, apart from .the objections he had alluded to, he would ask where was the right of Christian men to put their fellow-men to death ? We did not put madmen to death, although many of them were more dangerous than some of those who suffered death ; and why then should we assume a right to put others to death because we did not Seem them mad ? The punishment of death was one that was altogether opposed to the Divine clemency, and was a disgrace to the statute-book of a Christian country.— (Cheers.) The opponents of capital punishment had with them all great and enlightened intellects. They had with them Cobden, Bright, Fox, O'Connell, and all the other great advocates of human liberty and of the general good of mankind; and he had no doubt that before long the cause which they advocated would be found perfectly triumphant.—(Cheers.) The resolution was seconded by i Mr. ALFRED STE PHENS, who said that he concurred n the fullest manner with the opinion expressed in the resolution. The effect of capital punishment had often been to defeat the very purpose for which it was intended, and to permit many criminals to go unpunished, from an unwillingness in persons to be accessory to their death by prosecuting them. He would ask who were those that attended executions ? Were they the pure, or innocent, or well disposed ? No, but in most cases the hardened and guilty, and depraved, who indulged low and base pro pensities in witnessing the dying agonies of a fellow creature.—(Hear, hear.) He would call upon the meet ing to join with their fellow-countrymen who were ap pealing to public opinion on this subject, for if they succeeded in bringing public opinion to bear against it, no Government, whoever might be at its head, could long maintain it.—(Cheering.) lie hoped they would there fore, in the strongest and most emp hatic manner, protest against the continuance of the foul, barbarous, un christian, and detestable hanging law. The resolution was unanimously agreed to. Mr. H. VINCENT proposed a resolution pledging the meeting to petition Parliament against the punishment of death. He directed the attention of the meeting to the importance which was attached to the object for which they had assembled, namely, the rendering human life more sacred. How could peace and good will prevail over war and all its evils, if it were not laid down as an unalterable principle, that man's life was sacred, and that none but God might take it.--t Hear, hear.) If it were a part of Christianity to forgive those who injure us,and net to return evil for evil, then the gallows could not be a part of Christianity. The truth was, the punishment of death rested entirely on a principle antagonistic to the spirit of Christ, for it rested on the principle of revenge instead of forgiveness.—(Hear, hear.) Experience had shown that property was more secure now than when men were put to death by downs for the most trivial offences ; and there was no doubt that the sanctity of human life would be held more strictly when the punish ment of death was altogether abolished. lle was the advocate of the amelioration of the human race, and it was because he saw in this question so much of advan tage to mankind embraced, that he would appeal to that audience to ratify their opinion by a firm resolve to in variably express their opposition to this unchristian punishment.--(Cheers.) All the enlightenment and genius of the country were against this punishment — public opinion was being brought to bear on it, and nothing could resist the force of public opinion when ii was opposed to the maintenance of such an injustice as the public sacrifice of man's life.—(Cheers.) The resolution was seconded by Mr. Hors.tie, and was carried unanimously, after which the meeting separated. FIN SBURY MUTUAL INSTRUC TIONSOCIETY. of Suicides") de - Mr. T. Cooper (author of Purgatory livered a lecture on Mond a y even ing , in the Finsbury Hall, Bunhill-row, St. Luke's, the onConquest of Difficulties in Learning and Science," as examples to the working classes. As may be supposed, a subject full of such in terest to those whose lot it is to toil for their daily bread, and who have hitherto, from some cause or other, been debarred the acquisition of knowledge, com manded a crowded audience, and the lecturer was lis tened to throughout with great and deserved attention. Mr. Cooper acquitted himself of his task with ability and credit to himself. Independently of his know. ledge of ancient and modern literature, as well as science, he is possessed of considerable oratorical powers, and was, therefore, enabled to impress upon his hearers, not only his own estimate of the im portance of attaining knowledge by the working man, but the great and permanent value which such acqui sition must give to that class in their position in society. Knowledge is power, said the philo sopher, and therefore the attainment of such know ledge must give its possessors an advantage calculated to raise their position in the great social scale of human ex istence. Mr. Cooper having adverted generally to the acquisition of mental acquirements, he proceeded to show how futile was the idea that a working man could not if he pleased—and even at what was called an advanced age—obtain a thorough acquaintance with at least the elements of the Greek and Latin languages. By that means the treasures of ancient classic lore would be opened to them, and what was of equal importance, it would enable them to trace the derivation of words from their original source. He then enumerated many in stances of great and learned men—aye, and of the hum ble or working classes too—who had attained the ages of forty and fifty before they commenced the study of the dead languages, and yet, by perseverance and resolution, not only obtained a perfect acquaintance with them, but translated the writings of the must celebrated facts of an tiquity igio the English tongue. The possibility of acquiring a thorough knowledge of mathematics followed, and was, we shall take leave to say, the most practical part of the lecture, as ad dressed to his audience. We are not going to deny but that a knowledge of the anciert languages has been acquired by men in the humbler walks of life, many of whom have adorned the countries which gave them birth; nor do we say that such an acquisition is not an advantage, but with the generality of artisans and work ing men it may be a question whether the time and labour lost in the pursuit would be eventually repaid. It is not so with science. There an artisan has an op portunity of testing his knowledge by the very employ ment in which he is engaged, of advancing, by his in genuity and skill, that great mechanical power which has made this country what she is in arts and manufactures, and of acquiring daily a practical knowledge which he may apply to the great business of life, and in the fulfilment of those duties and objects in which all men are individually engaged. It is in this that the study of mathematics affords the greatest benefits to the working man and to society at large, and which no pursuit after mere ancient or modern literature can ever bestow. And, talking of modern literature, it did occur to us that the lecturer was rather " hard" upon works of fiction as forming a portion of the working men's library. It may be quite true that those employed at manual labour have little or no time for reading novels, or works of a similar nature ; and it may be quite true also that that time might be better devoted to the attainment of mechanical knowledge ; but surely, at some period or another, there can be no error in making themselves acquainted with the beauties of their own language, with the works of men, though n ovelists, whose genius will ever shed a lustre on the land which gave them birth. The reading of such works, tc the exclusion of all others, may indeed be an evil of t magnitude, but as a part of a course of literary great instruction it must confer vast benefits on those who do so judiciously. The room where the lecture was given is very small, and, we regret to add, could not contain many who sought admission, but the interest created by the lectu re absorbed all other co nsiderations. At the conclusion Mr. Cooper was loudly cheered. THE ENGLISH MATRON. —By the Authoress of "The English Gentleman." The value of such a work as this is incalculable. Every chapter points the way to do mestic comfort, peace, and happiness ; every page is redolent of family an d social blessing. Our country women have to thank the authoress for such a guide. She is a monitress for all the relatio ns of female life, most worthy of attentive reflection, and an adviser whose every counsel deserves to be weighed and reconsidered with the calmness due to questions on which destiny for good or evil depends. The work treats of every ma tronly duty, from the days of courtship to the end of all. To sum up, this is a volume to form correct and virtuous wives, and good and affecti onate mothers, We 1 can give no higher enconitun.—Literary Gazette. CHURCHYARD FEVER AT MINCHINHAMPTON. At a meeting of the Health of Towns Association, on Wednesday, 23d December, Dr. Southwood Smith laid before the committee some correspondence, developing the cause of an epidemic fever which had broken out and ravaged the small town of Minchinharapton. He con ceived it most important that this correspondence should be laid before the proper authorities and the public, as it could scarcely fail to establish the conclusion, that those provisions which it was at present contemplatt d to confine to the larger towns, should be extended to the smaller town, and that to new churches, whaltur erected in towns, or in rural districts, common grave} ards should no longer be attached. The facts contained in the cor respondence to which he wished attention to be given were most important in relation to the physical question as to the grave-yard emanations. In his report on the practice of interments, Mr. Chadwick had adduced evi dence demonstrative of the conclusion that the emana tions from human remains, in a- state of decomposition, were noxious in their effects on human life. He regarded this correspondence as a striking illustra . ion of titis fact. and he thought it important to give it publicity, because the public are often more impressed by a single case than by a volume of evidence. The first letter he had received was as follows—from Mr. Daniel Smith, dated Minchin hampton, November Bth. " Sir,—l beg to apologise for the great liberty lam taking in addressing you; but knowing the interest you take in the sanatory improvement of our towns, I am anxious to obtain your valuable opinion, for which I shall feel much honoured and obliged. Our town is situated on a considerable elevation; each shower of rain produces ite little torrent, which passes through the streets with considerable p er; our streets are wide, and the inhabitants ti ieahly 4 . no offensive business being carried on, and the place has been pro verbial for health. I have practised as a surgeon here for 16 years, and until the last two years I have no recol lection of having had a single case of typhus fever. In the latter end of the year 1844 I had many cases, uni form in their symptom's, with a disposition to assume the typhoid type. Last year very few occur r eil. Within the last two months we have had upwards of 150, so as to induce a general meeting of the respectable portion of the inhabitants. The fever is identical with crowded; the parishyaer years r st is ha some since, that of the former year, but more severe. Cold rigours, congestion of the brain great prostration of the vital powers, blood dark, with delirium on the second or third day, are the early symptoms. In the year 1843 our church was rebuilt; a °Teat portion of the church yard was sunk and removed'; many bodies reinterred; an immense guantity of this earth was used on pasture land close to the town. A large bank, more than one hun dred loads, now remains within fifty yards of the town. si x fb o thelvoiekr thousand; eeel s ayi e rr y tet e hou n mvaesffrtyoanrdcdarkeg aowl hr iieal ,lbeing graves stoo oaksdet place lsase removed.ye. Our church was five hundred years old; population of n e tPrayhree c to ou a n d t d f t o h r a s t o tmheucshtrdeiesteaasuedat the e is rteimeteo?ry,compelledadjoining, I bo a t m h were the first and most severely visited (that is, this year). In our rector's family of four, the wife and daughter died, also the gardener. I regret to say that many cart loads of the dark earth was put in trenches by the side of the walks on the premises, the gardener frequently digging up bones. As the heap of earth now remaining is the important subject of inquiry, would you recommend its removal?" Dr. SOUTHWOOD SMITH replied as follows:—" Sir, it is very surprising how such a plan could have been con. ceived, much less actually adopted, as that which you describe; namely, covering pasture land and bordering gardens with decayed and decaying human bodies, in the shape of earth very dark,' conveyed directly from a churchyard five hundred years old, and taken from graves densely crowded.' This dark earth' must be highly charged with animal matter, for such matter has been constantly infiltrating into it for ages. The wea ther during the latter part of the summer, and the begin ning of the autumnal quarters, has been peculiarly fa vourable to its decomposition. In accounting for the general spread of epidemics during the last two quarters of the present year, the Registrar-General, in his report for the summer quarter, ending the 30th of September, says:—' The rapidity of decomposition, the facility with which all kinds of animal matter run into putrefaction, enable us to understand how, in a summer like the past, in which the temperature was unusually high, the dis eases referable to an impure atmosphere should have been so prevalent and fatal.' No one can doubt that a large mass of earth, highly impregnated with animal matter, is capable of contaminating the atmosphere, and there fore that the bank of this earth, consisting of more than 100 loads, which now remain within fifty yards of the town,' ought to be instantly removed." (The letter goes on to advise the authorities of the town to look to their drains, gutters, and cesspools, and the supply of water). In his reply, dated Nov. 16th, Mr. Daniel Smith says, after thanking the learned doctor, " I find, however, that this heap is not exclusively composed of churchyard earth, but contains some rubbish ; and instead of being 100 loads, as I stated in my former letter, it amounts to 400 or 500 loads. It was carefully hand picked, that is, the large bones were coll:oted and buried. Small bones are now and then seen, which point out the nature of the stuff. Near this heap, and somewhat parallel to it, is a long path or ridge of exclusively churchyard earth, which was intended to fill up some inequality of the ground. This extends nearly 70 yards', and amounts to 400 or 500 loads also, and is about a yard in thickness ; there is, of course, much surface exposed to the atmos phere ; 103 loads were spread about as manure, as before stated. The newly-erected part of our church was sunk to be in unison with the architectural proportion of the older, or remaining portion, and consequently, to make a suitable and new approach, much lowering of the ground was requisite ; thus a considerable partoo or two of the remains. In fact, some were ex posed and re-interred, and others ocally this the churchyard was sliced down, to within a f t quired to be covered to keep them from part is densely crowded with graves. The churchyard he was enlarged, and the new ground coated with t view,and churchyard earth from its fertilising effects, so as to hasten the rapid growth of grass. These additions I con sider so serious that I am induced to submit them to your consideration. Our parish consists of hamlets principally. The town itself contains only about 800 inhabitants, and is formed by four s treets crossing at r i g ht angles, and has a considerable desce nt, which pro duces, after a shower, a current of water of much p ower, p ass ing into the under drai ns w ith a velocity which tho roughly and effectually cl eanses them. Much, also, is carried off by surface draining, the lower p art of the town terminating with an a scen t. We h ave no ditches, our soil is shallow, and rock exists everywhere. Our church was completed in the autumn of 1843; previous to which I have no recollection of having had a single case of idiopathic fever in the town during the fourteen years I had resided in it, although I see nearly 1,000 patients annually in my private and public capacity as s urgeon to the dispensary, and during the laemic tw or e id m onths I have attended 100 cases of the p , more, in the town, which, from their uniform symptoms, must, I conclude, arise from some Dr. Southwood Smith answers, in a letter of consider able length, dated Nov. 27, in which, after recapitulating_ the statements made by his correspondent? he sayds— indepen ently " From the account, it is obvious that, . the garde of what has been used on pasture land,d fultheechurchn. of the rectory, and in the new groan yard, one thousand loads of earth, hig ssve specific h c a a c n h u d s- a e r t . g h e e d with animal matter, being, in fact, the progrea mu s n viden in ce ose gi l.v v h en o forp atmosphere earth centuries, n . c a have now Towns Commis lbaerei n o n a o e f tu t a h l e ly b e o x d p ie o s se o d f to the th d e e a a t t os n is whether it is probable that ib,yivemorff. emanationsj .Dean _ before capable the Health producingit h of d which will help us to answer isrilohna,lesothmeemlacditsseaasree stated which In the T e xposed to the atmosphere, in a sanitary point of view, con sideration of the difference as well as in the productive value of manure, diluted this question. This witness. enters . into a detailed s liquid, and of the same with water, and used as manure applied in the solid form . as top dressing,. The thought is revolting, but it is not the less the fact, that practically the who le . of the churchyard that h a in the trenches of the rectory garden, on the new ground added to the churchyard, or that which still remains in heaps close to the town, must be regarded as top-dressing, According earthwhether phplaised been n the pasture land, to the evidence of Mr. D ea n, the proper dilution of manure with water, and the application of it toland i liquid form, while it increa ses the prod n a productive value of the manure five or six fold, absolutely prevents the es cape of emanations, or at all events renders the produc tion of miasmata only occasional, and of very short duration, but this same manure, when applied in a solid form, as top-dressing, decomposes slowly, and gives off for an indefinite per iod emanations in jurious to whoever is exposed to them." After describing a disease caused on the Rent the poisonous gases g iven out by ,) vast coast by t quantities of the animal called " five fingers , or " Asteri as " found abundantly in the o y ster b eds, and which which . is is used for manure, he says— " But in churchyard earth five centuries old, still densely crowded with graves, poisonous matte contained in a high degree of concentration. We rmay be from experience that the air may become so charged know animal and vegetable poison, as to cause death by with spiration of it for a few moments. This is the the in climates where there is much moisture, and where large quantities of dead and decayed time, vegetable and an imal substances are exposed for a considerable perhaps in stagnant pools and marshes, to heat. It is the same in vaults in which bodies are this moist enclosed In leaden coffins, the open i n g sometimes proved suddenly fatal th () o f which who have which has breathed the stench and vapour th a t have issued from them. Cases are on record in which thieves who have broken into tombs and forced open such coffins. with a view of plunder, instead of finding jew e l s, have met with death, and have been found dead in th e vaults. These facts show the highly concentrated state in which an animal poison may exist. Your five centuries old dark churchyard earth must, I repeat, contain this poison in a state of concentration. The state of the atmosphere, for a considerable time past, has been favourable to decom position, from the nature of your soil, which you state to he sandy, with rock abounding everywhere, the poisonous products cannot percolate through the earth, but must be exhaled into the atmosphere. If the weather should be calm, and the wind move sluggishly in the direction. of your town, your present epidemic will continue ; with the change of tho atmospheric conditions, the intensity of the emanations given off from your decomposing heaps, may diminish, and, consequently, your fever may decline, and even subside, but it will again recur as long as those heaps are allowed to remain, and, in deed, as long as this extraordinary amount of poisonous matter is allowed to contaminate a soil naturally salu brious. The arrangement by which dead organic matter is capable of receiving the principle of life, of assuming now vital ("orals, and of developing into new bodies, is beautiful and beneficent, but when such matter is taken from new graves and applied directly to fertilise our fields, the transition is too immediate, and cannot but shock the natural prejudices of the hnman mind. Mr. Chiola ick has shown the imperative necessity of an en tire revision of our whole system of interment—at least as far as regards large towns and populous districts ;but the case of Minchinhatnpton proves that such a revision is equally necessary for our villages and hamlets. The necessity of such a revision appears to have been felt by the great architect of St. Paul's—' For I could wish,' says Sir Christopher Wren, ' that all burial in churches might be disallowed, which is not only unwholesome, but the pavement can never bo kept even, nor pews up right, and if the churchyard be close about the church, this is also inconvenient, because the ground, being con tinually raised by the graves, occasions in time a descent by steps into the church, which renders it damp and the walls green, as appears evidently in all old churches.' Whem shall we see every parish in England with its God's Acre,' those secluded places of sepulture, of which the German Protestants have set us the example; beautified with perennial flowers, with flowering shrubs, with the cypress and the willow, and with groups of other trees, the favourites of our familiar fields, gardens, and woods ; in which peaceful retreats it may be possible to cherish those reverential and tender associations natu rally called up by the sight, or even the thought of the hallowed spot in which our beloved dead repose • and full of those types of renovation and decay, which the fields and the woods offer to the notice of the serious and contemplative mind, suggestions which are espe cially so precious because so soothing to the mourner, and so calculated to revive is his heart resignation and hope." Mr. Smith, in his next letter, stated the course which he had adopted, and the opposition he had met with in the parish— " The patron of the living, who is also the lord of the manor, together with the rector, were, I believe, the principal cause of the unfortunate churchyard arrange ment. The former, who was present, appeared to re ceive my opinion with some pique and discourtesy. Many, if not most, of the individuals present considered that there was something in my views. I further stated that I recognised the same uniform symptoms in the fever of the present year, indicating that both arose from the same cause. The rector, who was abser.t, soon sent a protest against my theory; hence we have a parochial division, and I am sorry to eay that there is no immediate prospect of the removal of the source of the malady. Since I first addressed you I have had important addi tional confirmation of the views we both entertain. Wherever this earth has been taken fever has followed. The patron had some taken to his garden, and the only son of the gardener near was attacked. The result at the rectory you are already aware of, and there are two or three more instances." Dr. Southwood Smith, in his last letter, remarks that any person of ordinary intelligence and common sense would have surely thought it prudent, as a mere matter of precaution, to remove these thousand loads of earth, upon such representations. He quotes Dr. Mead, who wrote more than a century and a half ago, about the cause of the plague prevalent in Grand Cairo— " A great carial Passes through the midst of the city, which, at the overflow of the Nile, is filled with water. On the decrease of the river this canal is gradually dried up, and the people throw into it all manner of filth, car rion, offal, and so on; the stench which arises from this and the mud together is intolerably offensive, and from this source, the plague constantly springing up every year, preys upon the inhabitants, and is stopped only by the return of the Nile, the overflowing of which washes away the load of filth." And he concludes the correspondence thus:— " There is a growing dislike in the people of this country to have their places of burial desecrated by common and daily traffic, and by rude and low sports, and those who can afford it now seek to bury their dead in public cemeteries, wretchedly poor and inappropriate as those cemeteries are, compared with what national places of sepulture might and ought to be made. In the meantime the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, in cluding the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Bishops of London, Lincoln, Durham, St. Asaph, and Bangor, have reported against the practice of burial in the church and Chancel, ' a practice,' they say, which appears to us to be in many respects injurious, in some cases by weakening or deteriorating the fabric of the church, and in others by its tendency to affect the lives and health of the inhabitants. We are of opinion that in future the practice should be discontinued." One distinguished member of the bench, indeed, is of opinion that there is no evil in this practice, provided it is not carried to ex cess ; that poison in itself is not hurtful, but only an extreme dose of it. It is earnestly to be wished that the Ecclesiastical Commissioners had reported against the practice of burial near the church as well as within it, were it only for the reason assigned by Sir Christopher Wren, already quoted, that ' if the churchyard be close about the church, the ground being continually raised by the graves, occasions in time a descent by steps into the church, which renders it damp, and the walls green, as appears, evidently, in old churches.'" REVIEW OF THE IRON TRADE IN 1846, AND PROSPECTS FOR 1847. An unusual steadiness in the price of iron has been maintained throughout the year. There has been com paratively little speculation, the demand having been chiefly for consumption. This bona fide demand has prevented any depression in price, which would other wise have been created by the re-action of the railway mania in the early part of the year, followed by a change in the Government, an apprehension of our amicable relations with foreign countries being interrupted, and a great advance in the price of food, accompanied by forebodings of scarcity and predictions of famine. During this time, however ; the make of iron has been considerably less than the oso t huff stocki 1121 s p8pi country. oiisnou. ironi Iv, : nay and d Itthe e Scotland supply required; and at no former peried did the stock on hand bear so small a proportion to the total make of d etrsh stocketro there d hasareth adti seekingmt h i e n diminished i stocke da a i l s es n oatl also o i r s e ve t r h y a than low. equal T t h o e a o f r o d r fortnight's h on e s h c a o n n d - , nearly one-half, being 100,000 tons less than at the end Staffordshire, iron it istheu masters n portion of their supply from Wales and Scotland. The especially for rails and chairs, are unusually large; and it is doubtful, if, at any former period, the order books of the iron masters exhibited anything like the same amount of unexecuted orders. There seems little pro bability of much increase in the make of iron during the year 1347 ; nor should it surprise us were it even les sened. Workmen are scarce ; wages are high ; there is a great disposition to shorten the hours of labour ; and much difficulty is felt in many situations in keeping up the stock of raw materials. Compara tively few of the railway companies have yet given their orders for iron. Out of the 7,500 miles passed in the sessions of 1845 and 1846, we believe that not 500 miles of rails are yet delivered. There is every reason to expect that from 2,000 to 3,000 miles of railway will be passed iu the session of 1847 ; and by far the greater part of these will be branches of existing lines, or of others in the course of construction ; consequently, there can be little doubt of these being executed. There does not appear to be any exaggeration in the statement, that four million tons of finished iron will be required for the British and Irish railways already passed, or to be passed in the ensuing session. This would absorb the whole of the present make of the country for three years. The alteration of the American tariff will occasion a considerable export of iron to that country; and, in spite of the influence and efforts to the contrary, a modification of the French duty is in evitable. The action recently commenced by the Great Northern Railway Company of France against the French iron masters, for non-delivery of rails, shows pretty plainly the impossibility of that country sup plying itself. Germany, Russia, Prussia, Austria, Spain, and Italy, are already looking to this country for iron; and the long lines of railway . contem plated in India, and so essential to its well being, must either be abandoned, or be constructed with British iron. The progress of railways cannot be impeded, if the material can be furnished. The enormous increase in the number of third-class passengers, especially on the northern lines, is swelling the incomes, and improv ing the dividends beyond the most sanguine expectations. The poor man is beginning to discover that on many lines railway travelling is cheaper than walking ; popular opinion will compel the railway companies to make it so, on every line ; and their own interest will induce them to attract the multitude by comfortable accommodation, in stead of repelling them by almost systematic inconve nience. It is the penny per mile paid by the million which will ensure the extension and the success of rail ways. In reviewing these remarks, we appear to have written as though railways were the only purpose to which iron is in future to be applied. Three years ago, when the make of iron was nearly the same as is now, it not more than one-tenth of that make was applied to railway. The ordinary demand for m iscellaneous uses is more likely to increase than to fall off. It is difficult to answer the inquiry which is now becoming very frequent—how can both the ordi nary demand and the extraordinary demand be met, supply ? each_ of thesi being about equal to the total Y e t the demand and the supp l y must adjust them selves ; and prices will be the medium of adjustment. It is impossible that the supply can, for years to com e , be rendered equivalent to the present demand ; there is, therefore, the greatest con fidence in the opinion that prices will advance sufficiently to bring down the demand to the supply. It would be rash to predict, and difficult to conjecture, what rate of advance will produce this result ; every man must form his own opinion. The prudent course is, to be supplied before the price becomes exorbitant ; and when it is so, to compel a reduction by limiting orders as much as pos sible, if they cannot be entirely withheld.—London New Price Current of Jan. 5. "Colonel Schouler—l send for insertion in your paper the following account of my trials of the effective force of gun cotton : " These were made at the powder works of 0. M. Whipple, Esq., who readily afforded me every facility, and with his aid and that of Mr. T. B. Lawson, the well-known artist, of this city, the following experiments were made on Nov. 30. The eprouvette, or proof-mortar, carries a 24-pound ball of iroa—its elevation 45 (1 , -grees. Its chamber holds one ounce of gunpowder, and about half an ounce of gun-cotton, when that is rammed hard. Two 24-pound balls were used. No 1 has 1-16 inch, and No 2, 1-8 itch windage. The last, in powder trials, falls always a few yards short of No. 1. It was found by trials, as will appear below, that the projectile force depended much on the mode of charging. The best etf.?ets were obtained by loosely filling the chamber with gun-cotton, leaving the greater portion as a bed at the breach of the mortar, on which the ball rested. Four qualities of gun-cotton were used. No. 1, 25 minutes' dip in the mixed nitric and sulphuric acid. No. 2is No. 1 dipped, after drying, 25 minutes in fresh acid. No. 3, dip 25 minutes, and then a new portion of mixed acids added, and the dip con tinued 25 minutes. No. 4, blasting cotton, dip 35 minutes in the acid. The particulars of the preparation need not be stated. " Two discharges, with Mr. Whipple's best rifle powder, FFFF, were first made. The charge was one ounce for each. No. 1 threw the ball 288 yards ; No. 2 threw the ball 272 yards—average 2814 yards. The chamber was then wiped dry, and quite clean, and charged as follows with gun-cotton . ° "d -I=lB Vs g - g ° zb 0' be •E 1 1 3 4 7 Charge loose in chamber, that not full, ball No. 2. 2 3 4 100 Chamber full, hard rammed, and small wad over cotton, ball No. 1. 3 3 4 175 Loose, and a little for a bed for the ball, ball No. 2. 4 2 4 272 As in 3d shot, but mere bed, ball No. 1. Charge as in 4th ball, No. 1, 5 No. 1 f No. 21_ 1 453 buried 3ft. in the ground on 4 falling. 6 1 4 100 Charge as in 4th, ball No. 2. 7 4 1 567 Charge as in 4th, ball No. 1. 8 4 4 59 Charge rammed hard home, ball No. 1. This charge was about one hour after the 7th, during which period it had been car ried, wrapped tight in paper, in my hand, while searching for the ball of the 7th shot. It may have absorbed moisture. " It will be seen, on comparing the fourth, fifth, and seventh shots, that the distance projected increases faster than the quantity. " My next trials were in blasting the ledge of argillo mica slate, now excavating for the new canal in Lowell by the contractors, Messrs. Boody, Ross, and Co., in that section, under the supervision of Mr. William E. Worthen, civil engineer. lam indebted to these persons not only for the privilege of making these trials, but for all the details and conduct of the experiment. " The first trial was in the toughest and hardest por tion of the ledge; the stratification is here imperfect, and nearly vertical. The rock presented a perpendicular face, nine feet high. 54 feet from the face a hole was drilled, and at the distance of 12 feet from this, and 6 feet from the face of the rock, a second hole was drilled. These holes were 1 and 1-3 d inch diameter, and about 9 feet deep. The gun-cotton was quality No. 4 in the preceding mortar trials. It was enclosed in cartridges of cotton cloth, 14 inch diameter, and respectively 2 feet 10 inches, and 5 feet lont, holding 9 and 11 ounces gnn-cotton. A little dry sand was put in the bottom of each hole, then the car'aidge let down by its attached fuse, and covered with a tamping of dry sand, five feet over the one, and six feet over the other. The fuse being lighted, the explosions occurred one within a few seconds of the other. The report was sharp, but not loud, and very little smoke. This chiefly blew out at the fissure made by the explosion at the bot tom of the rock, end some appeared at the top over the mouth of the drilled holes. It appeared to Mr. Worthen, who was in a position to see it, as dust. This will be referred to again. On examination the result was per fectly satisfactory to the contractors and enginceas, Messrs. Francis and Worthen, who then measured the mass of rock removed. Its dimensions were in feet 25 k 5 s 9-1,125 cubic feet. The rock weighs a ton to 12 cubic feet. We have at least 90 tons moved by 20 ounces of gun-cotton. The contractors stated that they should have used 10 or 12 pounds of powder to have made a similar fissure fur their intended steam blast. The effect then is 1 : 8. " A second trial was made by the same parties on Dec. 4, on the same ledge, at a place where the rock is more slaty and more distinctly stratified, with a northerly dip of about 95 degrees. " The rock is here softer and shivery, and showed a per pendicular face of about 20 feet. The hole was five inches diameter, 9i feet deep, 41b. 14oz. 6 drachms, or 78 ounces 6 drachms of gun-cotton, No. 4, were enclosed in a Vulcanised' Irdia-rubber cloth case, five inches di ameter and three feet long. It was let down as before, by its fuse, and covered with six feet of dry sand. The explosion took place with a very little report, not louder than a musket shot. The mass moved was, in feet, 45 x 10 1.4 9k—about 350 tons. " The seams were wider and more numerous than in the first blast. Beside the main fissure running pa rallel with the face of the rock, there were others diverging from the hole diagonally, from fifteen to twenty feet long. The effect for a following seam blast was a little too great, for it required 1001bs. of powder to fill the crevice. The blaster employed by Messrs. Boody, Ross, and Co., said he should have used about 201 b. of powder, to have effected the object he wished. We have here moved a mass proportioned to the increased quantity of gun-cotton for 20 :90 75- 350 ; but the actual result was a greater distance moved and more breaking up of the mass. I was in a position to watch the smoke, if so it may be called. It consisted of watery vapour, and of orange yellow nitrous acid vapour. The deut-oxide of nitrogen, as it escaped from the hole, seized on the oxygen of the air, and was changed to orange yellow vapour. There was a faint smell of nitrous acid about the rock. Pieces of the India-rubber cloth were found near the hole, thrown off, but unburned. It was, I presume, this yellow nitrous vapour which appeared as dust in the first explosion. The smoke lasted about one minute. " The gun-cotton used in these trials was perfectly dry and well carded after its preparation. It was made from cotton carded by a machine, and was prepared by myself on the principle of the process discovered by Mr. A. A Hayes, of the Roxbury laboratory." COVENT•GARDEN THEATRE.—A peep into the theatre the other afternoon startled us. All the inside of the house is taken out, and the bare enclosing walls stand exposed their whole height, to a depth of twenty or thirty feet below the level of the pit floor. The inte rior was filling with scaffolds; men in every corner were shouting and hauling; while the old chandelier, under the decorated ceiling, throwing light upon the hubbub and ruin, served to recal its former appearance, and pro duced a most singular effect.— The Builder. SECOND BOROUGH OF SOUTHWARK EQUITABLE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS-A meeting was held, Monday night, at the Literary Institution, S o uthw a rk, M r . Guil laume in the chair, for the formation of a second South- wark Building Association. Mr. E. Hunt stated tha the principle of the first Southwark Building Association had been found to work so well that its friends were desirous of establishing another on the same basis. The society proposed to advance from the subscribed funds 2001. on every share of 804 and 1001. on every share of 401., on the payment of an entrance fee of 2s. 6d. per share and a subscription of I Is. per month—the ad vances to be made on the principle of the ballot, and without requiring any interest for the money advanced. The only difference between this and the first association was, that the present society would advance the 2001. to every member requiring an immediate advance, at an in terest of five per cent. Mr. Hunt having explained the details of the plan, and the advantages offered to the working classes by building societies, the enrolment of subscribers was proceeded with. MELANCHOLY DEATH OP A MERITORIOUS WATER )IAN.—Monday an inquest was held by Mr. Carter:at the King and Queen, at the Deptford end of Rother hithe, on the body of Thomas Cornish, aged 28. The deceased was a waterman, and plied at the K ing and . Queen-stairs. He had been the means of savin g many lives, and had been frequently a witness at Mr. Carter's court as the discoverer of dead bodies i n the river. On Monday Monday night he went down to moor a boat or alter position, and he was no more s een alive. A wa tch man heard a splash in the water about the time the d eceased went after the boat, but the ni g ht being dark he cou ld not see what it was. T he deceased was not missed till the next day, and as it was found he had not been home, it was feared he had caused the splash the watchman heard. His body was susequently found near the stairs, and it is supposed that in passing along a boom to get tolhis boat he slipped and fell into the river. Verdict— " That the deceased was found drowned, but witbotu evidence to show by what means." ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.—On Monday the extension of the electric telegraph from the Nine Elms terminus of the South-Western, ac far as the south side of Waterloo bridge, was completed. The ends o f th e commun i cat i ng wires are enclosed in a square wrought-iron safe, fitted as a post, close to the kerb on th e west s id e of Waterloo bridge-road ; in this they are secured to a brass plate, having short projecting pins, upon which they are fastened with nuts. The contrivance is extremely com pact, but placed too near the road, vs the wheel of any vehicle coming in contact might probably damage the tubing and wires for some distance. The safe is fitted with a lock and hinges, the door opening to the road. A person who was not aware of its use would merely consider it one of the ordinary posts to mark the foot way. Should the present weather continue, the whole of the contemplated extension will be completed in a very short time. REMARKS. PRICES OF MALT LIQUORS. Last night a special meeting of the Hackteey.leceeeed Victuallers' Protection Society was held at Mr: Homer's, Dolphin, Hackney, to take into considerefiodifie,pro priety of raising the price of beer, ale, &c., in the same ratio as the advance by the brewers and distillers. The meeting was most numerously and respectably attended, and included, beeides the grk at majority of the licensed victuallers of the district, many members of the trade from all parts of the metropolis, who evinced a lively interest in the business of the meeting. On the motion of Mr. STICH, seconded by Mr. HOMER, Mr. Hubble was unanimously called to the chair ; and Mr. H. L. JECKS, the secretary, having read the cir cular convening the meeting, The CHAIRMAN said the business on which they were assembled was one of great . importance to the trade. It was to discuss tt at steps should be taken in consequence of the recent 'dvance of prices by the metropolitan brewers, and the propriety of their ah,o raising prices in the same ratio. If any gentle men prcent had any reso lution to propose on the subject, he was sure that he would meet with a candid and impartial hcarimz, and that the t,ubject would be discussed solely with reference to the facts of the case.—(llear.) Mr. J. J. IlomF.rt said it would hare given him much pleasure to have heard the opinion of the numerous body of gentkrin aroinA him before exi_xessing his own ; but as no one else came f. , rward, lie rose to ant mit a inoti,n to the meeting en the question they had met to eomider. When he heard of the advance in price on ,S,tord, : y last, he f e l t t h at it was a subject for the con .,i,leration of the trade, and that a mein should be held for that purpose. With that view be had iinme dbady causoff a notice to le inserted in the Morning Advertiser calling the present meeting, and subsequently :he Hackney Licensed Victuallers' Protection :..ociety had taken the subjcet up and issued the circular which had just been read. For himself, looking at the price of grain in this country, lie had lo eked for this ad vance in prices fur some time past, but there were others who held a different opinion, and who believed that, at present prices, the brewers could continue at the old prices. He thought it was only necessary to look at the actual facts of the case to show the fallacy of that opinion. The price of malt had ad vanced from 60s. and 645. to 84i. a quarter, showing an increase of 20s. In barley there was a difference of 13s. a quiterern -- "trifas well known that the spring creeps of this country were last year very deficient. The barley crop had been calculated to be one- third less than the average, and the barley imported from abroad had been much less this season than in the preceding year, while at the same time the-re was a steady increase in the consumption of malt liquors.—(Hear, He thought it was only necessary to look at these facts to see that the brewers were, at least on the face of them, justified in taking the step they had dune, and when the fact was added that the importations of ten of the principal brewers alone had amounted to 60,000 quarters of malt, it would be seen at once how the pressure bore on that body.—(Hear, hear.) The fact, however, was there. The price had been raised to the Licensed Victuallers, and the question was, wnat they ought to do under the circumstances ? In causing the note to be inserted in the Morning Advertiser he had merely intended to call the attention of the trade to the subject, in order that whatever was done might not rest upon an individual, but a general decision. The Protection Society had, he believed, been actuated by the same desire, and the question was now, what should be the rise ? He thought that it should be one halfpenny a pot, which would just cover the advance made by the brewers by a small sum on the butt, but sufficiently so to prevent any loss. In his opinion it would be decidedly impolitic to raise the price one penny. If they did, it would have the effect of stimulating an unhealthy com petition, which would neither be beneficial for the trade nor the public—(Hear, hear)—at the same time he be lieved it was an incontrovertible doctrine, that accord ing to the cheapness of any commmlity, so in proportion its consumption increased. It was, therefore, to him, in common with the trade at large, a source of regret, that the high price of malt and barley, had constrained the brewers to advance the price of porter and ale ; because they at the beverages of the industrial community, who form the great majority of the population of this country. —(Hear, hear.) He hoped that the meeting, as also the trade generally, would make the minimum and not the maximum advance, as he was confident they would ultimately be pecuniarily benefitted thereby. He un derstood some contemplated advancing one penny per pot, but he believed that on further reflection, they would see the impolicy of so doing, and give their con currence to the motion which he now begged leave to submit for their adoption. Mr. Homer then moved— " 'that as the leading brewers advanced the price of porter and ale on Friday, the Ist instant, it is the opinion of this meeting that the licensed victuallers are com pelled to raise the price of porter and single X ale halfpenny per pot to the public." Mr. Szren, concurring as he did in the sentiments expressed by Mr. Homer, had great pleasure in second ing the resolution. An animated discussion ensued, in which Messrs. Roper, Swatton, Faulkner, Poole, and others took part ; and the motion having been put to the meeting, was unanimously adopted. It was resolved, on the motion of Mr. Mitchell, se conded by Mr. Rountree, that the price of gin be raised in proportion to the advance made by the distillers. The thanks of the meeting were then unanimously passed to the Chairman for his conduct in the chair, and to Mr. Homer for the deep interest which on this, and ox all occasions, he had shown in the welfare cf the trade, and these gentlemen having suitably acknow ledged the compliment, the meeting separated. WHITECHAPEL.— A meeting of the Licensed Victual lers of this district was held on Monday at'ern , )on, at Mr. Hill's, Grave Maurice, Whitechapel-road, Mr. Rountree, - in the chair, when a rise of one halfpenny a pot was unanimously agreed to, on account of the advance of pike by the brewers. AIILE-END.—A ntirnert , uAly attended meeting of the trade was held at:the Hayfield, Mile-end-road, on Monday afternoon, Mr. Roper presiding, when a similar resolu tion was unanimously agreed to. GREENWICH.-At a meeting of the Licensed Victual lers residing in this district, held on Monday evening at Mr. Holmes's, King's Arms, King-street, Mr. Sprunt in the Chair, on the motion of Mr. Hone, of the Wheat sheaf, seconded by Mr. Brown, of the Red Lion, it was unanimously resolved, "That the price of porter for per sons bringing their own jugs be 4d. per quart, and for using the measures of the Licensed Victuallers in or out of the house 4id. p r quart, and that no ale be sold under sd. per quart, and other ales in the same propor tion. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. BRISTOL, JANUARY 4. STOCK EXCHANGE.--The sales are-Birmingham and Ox ford Junction, 11 3 4 -Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and Stour Valley, 2% p.-Great Western, 52 p.-Ditto, Quarter Shares, 19 3 /-Ditto, Fifths, 31% - London and South- Western, Quarter New Shares, 13% 8 p.-Midland, New, 674 -North British, Thirds, 27g p. LIVERPOOL, JANUARY 4. STOCK EXCHANGE.-The sales are-Blackburn, Clitheroe, and North- Western, % dis.-Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, 11. Bs. 9d. p.-Birmingham and Dudley, p.-Birmingham and Oxford Junction, 9 3 / 4 p.-Boston, Stamford, and Birmingham, 2% p.- Caledonian, Halves, % p.-Chester and Birkenhead, 50-Eastern Counties, New p -East Lancashire, New, 3% p.-Ditt o , N ew Scrip, 1 3 4 p.-East Lincolnshire, 2 1 4 p.-Edinburgh and Glasgow, 78-Ditto, Halves, 11 1 / 2 p.-Glasgow and Ayr, New Halves 7% p. -Great Northern (late Direct Northern), p.-Ditto (late London and York), 11s. 3d. p.-Great Western, 47 p -Ditto, Quarters, 94 p.-Huddersfield and Manchester, 4% p.-Ditto, Extension, 1% p.-Leeds and Thirsk, dis.- Ditto, Preference, 1 3 / 4 p.-Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport, 1 3 4 p.-Liverpool, and Newcastle Junction, 3s. 9d. p.-Lon don and North-Western, 199-Ditto, Quarters, New, 14 1 % p.-London, Manchester, and Birmingham, Quarters, New (C), p.-London and York, 13s. 9d. p.-Ditto, Direct Northern. 6s. 3d. p. -Manchester and Leeds. Halves, 14 p. -Ditto, Halves (late Huddersfield and Sheffield), 6% Ditto, Fifths, 6 1 / 2 p.-Ditto, Extension, 1% p.-Manchester, Bolton, and Bury, 31 1 / 2 -Ditto, Halves (late Liverpool and Bury), 5 1 / 4 p.-Manchester, Matlock, and Midland, 1% p. -Manchester and Southampton, ls. 3d. p.-Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 100-Ditto, Eighths (late Quarters, No. 3), par-Great Grimsby and Sheffield, 2% dis. -Ditto, Quarters, 1% dis.-Ditto, 201. Shares, 1 dis.-Midland Stock, 131 1 / 2 -Ditto, New, "5% p.-North Staffordshire, 4% p.- North Union (A), 225-Ditto (B), 156-Shrewsbury and Chester, New, 2% p.-Ditto, New, ls. 3d. p.-Shrewsbury and Birmingham (B), 21s. 3d. p,-Shropshire Union, dis. -South- Eastern, No. 2,3% p.-Ditto, No. 4, % p.-South Staffordshire Junction, 1 1 ,/ p.-West Riding Union, 2/. 6s. 3d. p.-York and Newcastle, New, 7% p.-Ditto, Pre ference, 6 p.-York and North Midland, Preference, 12 p.- Dutch Rhenish, 1% dis -Shrewsbury and Hereford, e dis. MANCHESTEIt, JANUARY 4. STOCK EXCHANGE.-The sales are-Ambergate, Notting ham, and Boston, 1 / 4 p.-Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire, 1 9-16 p.-Buckinghamshire, par-Caledonian, ;$f dis.-Ditto, Halves, 5-16 p.-East Lancashire, 3% --7 Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding, % p.-Glasgow and . Dumfries, 1 9-16 p.-Great Grimbsy and Sheffield p ,._2l o, d t i t s. o -Great Northern (late Direct Norther e n rs ), ei % (late London and York), 7-16 chester Railway and Canal, 4 3-16 . Thirds, 1 1 4 p. d and Man- Id June , ion, g 9-16 p.-Manchester and -Malton and Driffie o N h or E th x - tn e si s o t n er , n l , s- % 16 -Leeds and Thirsk, 1 dis.-Ditto, 1 reterentials, 1 9-16 p. ti .- g; la h n a c m he ( st A ei : dis.-Oldham Alliance, p Southampton , 1 16 p.-North nion, h i/244'4 c r . e d w i s s b .- ur S y lle a ffi t d e d ßi a r l t i ii t in A 2 Q t/ ar i t ) e .-- rs' S N ou o t . h 3 -Eastern and Dover, No. 4, 11-16 p.-W es t S NN h oo e rr l tt l i hh e e l d r na Counties StaffordshireuLi eci/3811.LT.si Riding Union, 2 5-16 p LEEDS STOCK EXCHANGE, JAN. 1.-The sales were-Ambergate, Nottingham, and Boston, 7s. 6d. n. Eastern Counties, York Extension, 1 34 p.-East Lancashire (Blackburn and Preston), 3 3 / 4 p.-Ditto, New, 3 11.16 p.- Ditto, New, Scrip, 36 5 . p.- E ast Lincolnshire, 2% p.-Great Northern (late London and York), 13s. 6d. n. Extensions, sa. p.-Huddersfield and Manchester, 4 1 / 2 c. p. -Leeds and Thirsk, 20s. dis.-Ditto, New, par-Ditto, Pre ference, 335. 6d. p.- Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle Junction, ls. dis.-London and South-Western, Scrip, 20s. p. -Halton and Driffield Junction, 1% p.-Manchester and Leeds, Half Share , . 13 1 % p.-Ditto, Fifths, 634 p.-Ditto Half Shares (late Wak. P. and G.), 8 p.- Manchester, Bux ton, Matlock, and Midland, 1% p.-Midland, Preference, 5 p.-North British, Quarter Shares (late Carlisle Branch), 2% p.-Ditto, Extension (scrip), 18s. 6d. p.-North Staf fordshire, 4% p.-Northern Counties Union, lls. dis.-North- Western, 3 / 4 p.-Sheffield, Rotherham, and Goole, 15s. p. -Shropshire Union, ss. dis.-York and Newcastle, Prefer ence, 5N' p.-Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland, Bs. dis.-West Riding Union, 4/. Ils. 6d. HULL STOCK EXCHANGE, JAN. 4.-The sales were -Blackburn, Clitheroe, &c., 11s. 9d. dis.-East Lancashire, New. No. 1, 4 p.-Ditto, New (scrip), 2 p.-Great Northern (London and York), 3-Manchester and Southampton, par -Northern Counties Union, 2-North-Western, 16s. p.- York and Selby Preference, 12 p. SHEFFIELD STOCK EXCHANGE, JAN. 4.-The sales were-East Lincolnshire, 2 1 4 p.-Leeds and Thirsk, 1/. Manchester, Grimsby, and Sheffield, 3 , . dis. cum int.-Ditto. Quarters, lls. dis.-Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln. 14s dis.-Sheffield, Rotherham, and Goole, 16s. p.-Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland, 10s. dis.-Soutli Yorkshire, Don cuter, and Goole, 10e. p.