The Sun. — London, England, 1847-07-19 00:00:00

etitution, because it is, as things now stand, the sole connectintt political principl e between the constitu tions of t e two independent kingdoms. I have another and infinitely a stronger reason for wishing it well; it is, that in the present time I consider it as one of the main pillars of the Christian religion itself. The body and substance of every religion I regard much more than any of the forms and dogmas of the particular sects. Its fall would leave a great void, which nothing else, of which I can form any distinct idea, might fill. I respect the Catholic hierarchy, and the Presbyterian republic. But I know that the hope or the fear of establishing either of them is, in these kingd , ins. equally chimerical, even if I preferred one or the other of them to t Esta blishment, which I certainly do not. "These are sine of m, reasons for wishing, the sup port of the Church of Ireland, as by law established. These reaso is are teutteed 3, w• it t,n the absotu.te as on the r,lattve saute:on !tt..t kinedooi." To the retison. thus a.lduce.l by air Burke for the support of the Church in Ireland, must be now added the weight and authority of that, comp %cr. guaran teeing its maintenance, to which, at the time o f the e t .,is la ive Union, the Parliameets of tile two kingdoms were con senting parties. In a, subsequent part of the same letter Mr. Burke proceeds to observe , " Ireland has an establishol Government, and a reli gion legally established, which are to be preserved. It has a people who are to be preserved too, and to be led by reason, principle, sentiment, and interest to acquiesce in that Government. Ireland is a country under peculiar circumstance. The people of Ireland are a very mixed people, and the quantities of the several ingredients in the mixture are very much disproportioned to each other. Are we to govern this mixed body as if it were composed of the most simple elements, comprehendiug the whole in one system of benevolent legislation ; or are we not rather to provide for the several parts according to the various and diversified necessities of the heterogeneous nature of the mass? Would not common reason and common honesty dictate to us the policy of regulating the people in the several descriptions, of which they are composed, according to the natural ranks and classes of an Ordel civil society, under a common protecting So vereign, nd under a form of constitution favourable at once to authority and to freedom, such as the British Constitution boasts to be, and such as it is, to those who now enjoy it? " You have an ecclesiastical establishment, which, though the religion of the Prince, and of most of the first class of landed proprietors, is not the religion of the major part of the inhabitants, and which, consequently, does not answer to them any one purpose of a religious establishment. This is a state of things which no man in his senses can call perfectly happy ; but it is the state of Ireland." It was with reference to that state of Ireland, and with reference to such considerations as those to which Mr. Burke has adverted, that the Gavernment with which I was connected brought forward measures which consti tute no precedent for any other part of the United King dom, but are specially applicable to the peculiar con dition and structure of society in Ireland. Some of those measures encountered vehement opposi tion; the more formidable, because it was offered much leas from party or purely political considerations, than from sincere conscientious scruples. But, Gentlemen, I am bound to avow, that I look back with cordial satis faction to the part which I took in support of those mea sures, and to the spirit in which they were conceived. It was a spirit of justice and kindness towards our Roman Catholic fellow-subjects in Ireland—a spirit which will, I trust, animate our future legislation wit!! reference to that country. It is strongly recommended to us by many powerful considerations, by painful recollection of our relations with Ireland in earlier periods of our history— by sympathy with her present sufferings—by the urgent necesssty, not more for her welfare than our own, to improve the condition, moral and physical, of her people. I will not be deterred, by the risk of provoking new, or reviving dormant hostility, from recalling to your re collection the general character and object of the mea sures to which I have adverted. In the first place, we altered the law in respect to Cha ritable Donations and Bequests in behind. We enabled the Crown to appoint Commissioners for the better management of such donations and bequests, of whom ' one-half in number must necessarily be persons profes sing the Roman Catholic faith. Fur the exelusise con sideration of the Roman Catholic Commissioners were reserved all questions relating to bequests which con cerned the usages or discipline of the Church of Rome. We gave full power to all persons and bodies corporate, by deed or by will, to give estates or property of any description, in trust, for the building or upholding of Roman Catholic places of worship, or for the mainte nance of any person in holy orders of the Church of Rome having pastoral superintendence of a con gregation. • We enabled her Majesty to endow new colleges for the advancement of learning in Ireland. We gave every facility to the students in those colleges for receiving 1 religious instruction according to the creed which they might profess, and for attendance on divine worship at the church or chapel which should be approved by their parents and guardians. We at the same time provided that there should be no obligation to attend any theo logical lecture or religions instruction, excepting with the approbation of parents and guardians ; and we pro hibited the administration of any religious test as a qua lification for the admission of students, or for the tenure of an office, or the enjoyment of any privilege or advan tage in connexion with the new colleges. We increased the grant for the College of Maynooth. That grant was originally made in the reign of George 111., and by the advice of Mr. Pitt, at a period of great national peril, " when, to guard this empire and Ire land in particular, from the enterprises of a dangerous and malignant power, and to protect all civilised society from the inroads of anarchy, the King found it neces. eery to avail himself of every rational aid, foreign and domestic, and to call upon the skill, courage, and expe dience of all his subjects, wheresoever dispersed." It was at such a crisis, and under such circumstances. that an Irish Parliament, exclusively Protestant in its character, established the College of Maynooth, and re ceived from the Throne congratulations " on having laid a wise foundation for educating at home the Roman Ca tholic clergy." Fifty years had elapsed in 1845 since those con„era tulations were o ff ered. For fifty years a grant of public money bad been annually continued for the avowed pur pose of aiding the education of Roman Catholic youth in 'Roman Catholic doctrines, and fitting them for .holy or ders in the Church of Rome. We considered that there was, at any rate, no new violation of religious principle in making that grant less inadequate to the purpose for which it was destined, and in giving to it avowedly that character of permanency which it had acquired practi cally by the prescription of half a century. We thought this a wiser and more dignified course for the House of Commons to pursue than to exhibit annually the surly acquiescence in a niggardly vote,which was equally open to any just objection on the ground of violated principle, and which effected no good and excited no gratitude. In the course of the discussions which took place on the Maynooth Bill two questions were put to me—the first, whether the increased grant to Maynooth was part of a systematic arrangement which contemplated ultimately the endowment of the Roman Catholic clergy in Ire land ; the second, whether I would give a pledge, on :the ground of conscientious objection, against the en tertainment, at any future time, of a proposal for such endowment. To the first question I returned an answer on the part of the Government c illectively. I stated explicitly, that tie increased grant to Maynooth was proposed as a si.agle and separate measure, not iatended to facilitate, in the slightest degree, the endowment of the Roman Ca tholic clergy. I knew, indeed, that many members of ,the Government, not adverse to the grant to M ay n ooth, would offer the mo s t decided opposition to an y proposal for endowment. In answering the second question I spoke then, as I a m speaking now, for myself,exclusively. I said, in sub statrce, that I would not give the pledge required from me; that I foresaw, indeed, very great practical difficul ties YLi the way of endowment—great difficulties, as well from the declared objections to such a measure on the part o f the Roman Catholic laity and Roman Catholic clergy in Ireland, as from the strong repugnance to it in the public mind of this country; that I had no plea for aolvueg those difficulties; but that I would not fetter my diacrwtio n as a legislator by a positi ve p led g e to ref use even the consideration of any such plan, at all times, and ui ta m a r r all circumstances. eccasioni are very rare on which it is co nsistent "'" '"" Proper discharge of Parliamentary functions to en ter i o nt specific it engagements of this nature. justifiably y gby perhaps , in this case, be entered into mat deliberation , stipend those who, after extended inquiry and . ave come to the conclusion that by - allowing a decent him end to a Roman Catholic pries in: ;teed of leaving dependent for the means of sub sis fence ;on an impoverished spiritual, and, in truth, ai so f t abotod be confirming an influence of which he is the _temporal guide, we a .pu a r l a r r ead f y too great, and ob str acting the diffusion of aith—still more jus tiff ably by those whose conscientious convic tion it is, t h e by such an act we ar e sanctioning an d adopting i err or, and sinfully offending Almighty God, by consent ing ti) the endowment of men who d en y and reject Div in( 3 truth. But I cannot give my consent to either of these con clusion (S. fee,l with regard to the first that nothing can be less su,'cessi rul in weakening the influence of the Roman Ca r eligion in Ireland than the course we have hither to ti tker ..—that we have made no advance towards that obje ct, e ither by penal laws or civil disabilities, or by a syst em o f complete alienation from the ministers of that rell.gion. Vith rt 'gard to the second, I cannot admit that the PitYment, with the sanction of Parliament, b e ing given 8u to to th e minister of a religiou s creed not being that or the Suva, is tantamount to the adoption or sanction, by the Sta,te of the doctrines w hich that mi 111ste's enky teach, and is subversive of the prin ciple of are established church. If it be so, we ought se to rescind many ac ts of the Crown and of Pall 'lament, w hi c h are open substantially to the same obje t s eon. Year after year (frequently without one di s senti ng t •oice), We have voted the sum required for support of the Presbyterian ministers in Ireland, there being included among the number many pro fessing anc I teaching unit ar i an doctrines. 'We have provid ad by Act of Parliament fixed allow ances, paid from a public fund, to Roman Ca tholics chapi ains in attendance on prisons and on workhouses. In order to facilitate the submission, and en retain quiet possession of imp ortant colonies, we have not hesitated t ;o guarantee, not only the endowment of Ro n can Catholi c priests, hut the continued establishment ° n Roman ( 'atholic IF 0 . the • the ound of couscientious scrupl es , we are 1 're even the consideration of any p roposal bound Cc fusi*-fest ipend to the Roman Catholic pri ests i n for al ou t s, iga n tertaieing such a proposal, we imply Ireland, it, by o f e iou2nn Catholic errors, and justly blow sanction TIIE SUN, Divine punishmentfor our apostacy, is it safe to maintain our connexion with Canada and Malta, and continue parties, not merely to the payment of Roman Catholic priests, but to the establishment of the Roman Catholic religion, in dependencies of the British Crown? Consi derations, political or constitutional, may, no doubt, for bid that to be done in Ireland which is permissible in Canada; but can that which is prohibited in one part of the Queen's dominions on purely conscientious and re ligious grounds, be consistently tolerated and encouraged in another? I, for one, cannot untkrtake, on these grounds, to fet fer my di-cr..tion for all time to come on the subject to which I have been referring, I nave thus addressed ie•u, certa,inly without any in tentional reserve, on •he d.mestic questions which, from their connexion with religion, are of pre-emi:ient im p..,rtance. I approach those (the next in point of interest) which have reference to oir coinmercial and financial p 'Hey. _ t , en the late Government succeeded to power, there hed been For e ac h o f F-o me % ears precrffling a defiJi ncy in the amount of revenue, as compared H i h the Picp-ndi ture. The amount of tha d. ficienc% in the year 1841 was not less than 2,100,0001. An attempt had been made in the year 1840 to supnly ticiency by an addition of ten per cent. to the asse,sed taxes, and of five per cent. to the revenues of Customs and Excise. The increase thus made to the scale of the assessed taxes answered the expectation with which it was imposed. But the far greater part of the Isepoutit expected to be raised was to have been supplied by the addition made to the duties of Customs and Excise—that is to say, by increased taxation upon articles of general consumption, and upon the raw materials of domestic manufa,eture. The estimated produce of these additional duties was 1,910,0001. They actually realised, on the most favour able supposition, not more than 750,0001, falling short therefore of the estimate by no less a sum than 1,160,0001. Under these circumstances, it became my duty, as the chief Minister of Finance, to advise the adoption of effectual measures for supplying the deficit between the public revenue and the charge upon it. As the organ of the Government, I proposed a tax upon all incomes above a certain amount. I accompa nied the proposal of that tax with a partial reformation of the commercial code, reducing many duties onerous to the trade and commercial enterprise of the country. The principal of reformation adopted in 1842 compre hended the abolition of prohibitions, and the abatement of duties of a prohibitory character; the reduction of duties on raw materials to an amount not exceeding five per cent. ad valorem, and on articles partially manufac tured, and completely manufactured, to an amount not exceeding twelve and twenty per cent. respectively. The total amount of reductions of duty was, in the year 1842 £1,092,690 1843 1844 £1,963,321 Notwithstanding these reductions, the ordinary re venue of the United Kingdom, that is, the revenue de rived from the Customs, Excise, Stamps and Taxes, and Post-office, amounted in the year 1841 to £47,917,000 1844 to . ... 48,125,000 In taking the revenue of the latter year, I have, of course, excluded altogether the receipts from the Pro perty-tax, and also the receipts from casual sources of revenue, such as the payment of China money in re imbursement of the expenses of the war. The period of three years, for which the Income-tax was originally passed, expired on the sth of April, 1845. Encouraged by the experience of the past, the Govern ment proposed to Parliament the renewal of the Income tax for a further period of three years, and the ex tend- d application of those principles of commercial re form which had been previously acted upon. The duties on raw materials used in manufactures, on dye stuffs, on oils, as well as on various articles pro ducing little or no revenue, were altogether repealed. The manufacture or glass was relieved from the duto-s of Excis , , and from the supervision and interierence of Excise officers. The amount of the duties remitted in 1845 was not less than 4,511,000/. In 1846 duties were again remitted to the extent of 1,151,0001. The total amount of taxation remitted between the commencement of the session of 1842, and the resigna tion of- the late Government in 1846, was 7.625,0001. The ordinary revenue of 1841 was 47,917,0001. That of 1846 (again deducting the receipts from Pro perty-tax and casual revenue) was 47,554.000/. A portion, however, of the receipts of tnis latter year, amounting to 416,000/. must be attributed to the in creased revenue from sugar, in consequence of the re duction, by the present Government, 01 the duties upon foreign sugar. After making due allowance fur this increase, it will be seen that the reduction of taxation effected by the late Government, to the amount of 7,625,0001., were accompanied by a diminution of re venue to the extent only of 779,0001. The result of these two experiments has therefore been that, in the years 1842, 1843, and 1844, the whole amount lost to the revenue by reduced taxa. ion was more than replaced. In the two years, 1845 and 1846, nine tenths of a far larger reduction had already been re placed. But the case does not rest here. Notwithstand ing the disastrous circumstances of the late harvest, and the depression of trade, the revenue of 1847 again ex hibits a considerable increase on that of the preceding year. The last published balance-sheet of the United Kingdom is that for the year ending the sth of April, 1847. If we compare the ordinary revenue of that year (after deducting the Property-tax) with the ordi nary revenue of the year ending sth of April, 1841, we find Year ending sth of April, 1841 £47,218,178 - - -- --- 1847 Difference in favour of 1847 943,419 This difference in favour of the latter year far ex ceeds any increased receipt from the admission of foreign sugar. A statement published on the 6th instant carries the accounts for Great Britain down to the present time, viz., to sth July, 1847, those for Ireland being not yet com plete. It exhibits for this portion of the empire a total increase of ordinary revenue, as compared with the year ending sth July, 1846, of no less than 2,615,8711., of which (notwithstanding the remission of the duties on corn), 1,812,7731. comes under the head of Customs and Excise, or, in other words, arises from increased con sumption. _ _ The whole effect, therefore, of the measures of the late Government had been to remove more than seven millions and a half of taxes; while the ordinary revenue of the last financial year, for which they were called upon to provide, has considerably exceeded the ordinary re venue (derived from the same sources) of the financial year that immediately preceded their accession to office. In the foregoing observations I have made no reference to the reduction of duty on wheat and on those other kinds of grain which were included in the Corn Bill of last year. The amount of seven and a half millions of taxation, to the reduction of which I have just referred, does not include any advantages which may be derived the consumers fiom the reduction in 1842, and pro spective repeal in 1846 of these duties. I have already mentioned to you the general objects contemplated by the reformation of the tariff—the tabo litioo of prohinition—the reduction of prohibitory dunes —the repeal of dunes on the raw materials of manufac ture; but I am desirous of calling your attention specially to the removal and relaxation of duties levied on the import of articles from abroad, which enter largely into the consumption of the people as articles of subsistence. You are all well aware that it was upon this point that the greatest difference of opinion prevailed, and that the prop.,sal of the Government to repeal, at au early period, the duties upon foreign grain, was the main cause of its dissolution. I wish to place before you, in the clearest and most in telligible form, the extent of the several measures pro posed by the late Government, for the abatement and the repeal of the duties to which I have above referred. The first column of the following table specifies the amount of duty on the several articles payable on the I,t of January, 1842 ; the second column the amount of duty on the Ist of August, 1846: _ . RATE OF DUTY CHARGEABLE. Ist Jan., Ist Aug. 1842. 1846. Animals living, viz.,oxen. cows, sheep, &c Prohibited ... Free. Meat, salt and fresh Prohibited ... Free. .E s. d. 4 s. d. Bacon, per cwt 1 9 4 ... Free. Butter, per cwt Cheese, per cwt 0 11 0 ... 0 5 0 Cocoa, foreign, per lb 0 0 6 ... 0 0 2 Coffee, foreign, per lb o 1 3 ... 0 0 6 , Currants, foreign, per cwt 1 3 2 ... 0 15 0 ' Hams, per cwt 1 9 4 ... 0 7 0 0 8 0 ... F ree . 0 15 0 ... 0 1 0 RLai Spirits, crec'ppee per cc gallonwwtt 5 0 ... 0 14 0 Sugar, nial per ) ..... . cwt. ... .. . ( .. 8 ... r . i . t . i5 .. h . .... 1 _ the Ist f t t h ere were on the in force o i e t t h o r f e j sp an ec u t ar to y, th l e B4 co 2 r , n -l ra t es aw s o ' importa tion of foreign corn, varying according to the average price in the home market. Whenwheat was 6 6 2 8 5 a ..a a qquuaarrteterrls. thedy was 21461. Od. 3, 735. a quarter ,/ Bd. ff prin ciple Corresponding duties were levied on the sam e the import of other descriptions of grain. On barley, for instance, and on Indian corn, when the price of barley was under 345. the quarter, the duty on the import of a quarter of barley, and also of a quarter of Indian corn, w as 1 2s. 4d.; when above 41s. the duty WAS reduced to ls. These several duties were reduced in the session of 1842. In that of 1846 provision was made for their total repeal on the Ist of February, 1849. Of the various proposals made by the late Govern ment for the reduction of duties on articles of subsistence and general consumption, that which contemplated the ultimate repeal of the duties on foreign grain encoun tered the most decided opposition. Let me recal to your recollection the circumstances under which the proposal was made. " Irithe months of September and October' United 1845, there e g greatnce n i were indications in many parts of the Unit of that mysteriou s di s order which h as effected i s n to so serious an extent t he p otato cro p . There wa alarm, in Ireland es p eciall y , as to the consequences. From various autho rities in that countr y entitled ts. o great respect representations were received calculated to make a deep impression on the minds of thosP who, as servants of the Crown, were responsible for the adop tion of every reasonable precaution against a threatened scarcity of food. To some of the representations I will briefl refer. The Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland , w r itin g on the 20th of October, stated —" Tae accounts of the potato crop continue to be of the most discouraging nature. P.?ta toe sdug up to a ll a pp earance p er fectly sound, after a short time begill to decay, and very boon rot Dltogether. LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, JULY 19, 1847. Under such circumstances it is impossible to form 1 any decisive opinion as to the amount of the calamity." 1 On the 24th of October the Lord-Lieutenant wrote— " We constantly receive satisfactory reports of the state of potatoes when dug, and learn a few days after wards that they have all rutted in the pits. We do not know, and cannot know, the extent of the evil." The secretary of the Royal Agricultural Association (an association formed of the chief landed proprietors in Ireland), *Thing about the same time, observed— " When I issued a circular about a month since to the secretaries of 120 local societies in connexion with the central one. I got several answers from persons stating that the disease was not apparent in their immediate neighbourhood ; but I have since received letters from most of them stating that, upon digging the crop, they found the disease in almost every quarter ; and I may safely say that at present there is not a county in Ireland that is not more or less affected by it. I shall barely add that the greatest panic appears to exist in all ports of the c. aintry." At a public meeting, held in Dublin, on the 31st of October, 1845, at which the Duke of Leinster presided, it was re‘elved, " That it has been ascertained beyond a 'ubt that famine, and consequently pestilence, are im mediately imminent, unless the Government, without hesitation or delay, take the most prompt measures to provide for this people." It was resolved also, " That we respectfully call upon the Lord. Lieutenant of Ire. land to order the ports of Ireland to be opened for the importation of Indian corn, rice, and other articles suited for human food." We thought it possible that reports even from such authorities, sent from the spot at a period of great ex citement, might be unduly influenced by the prevailing alarm. We dispatched, therefore, to Ireland, in the month of Weiler, two men (of the highest eminence in the departments of science to which they belong), hav ing no local connexion with Ireland—Protessor Lindley and Dr. Lyon Playfair. We sent them to Ireland for the double purpose of suggesting, if possible, some remedy against the threaten• ed evil, and of conveying to us their impressions as to its real extent. Their report was more unfavourable than any other. They stated " that they had consulted persons acquainted with the facts of the disease ; that they had visited the district lying between Dublin and Drogheda, and in spected various potato fields and stores in the counties of Dublin, Louth, Meath, Westmeath, and a part of Kildare ; and that judging from the evidence thus col lected, and from what they had seen of the progress of the disease in England, they could come to no other conclusion than that one-half of the potato crop of Ire land was either destroyed or in a state unfit for the food of man." It was no doubt possible that all these parties might be, in some degree, mistaken—that events might subse quently prove that they had magnified the extent of the evil, but place yourselves in the position of those who were responsible for the public safety, who received such reports at the commencement of winter, without a hope of additional supply from internal sources for the long period of nine months, and you will not be disposed to pronounce a harsh judgment on their motives for advising that increased facilities should be given for the importation of food from other countries. You will bear in mind that the visitation was a very peculiar one. " That," to use the words of the Lord- Lieutenant, " we did not know, and could not know the extent of the evil;" and that it was an evil not confined to these islands ; that many other countries in Europe were suffering from it ; and that in some of them the restrictions on the import of food had been already suspended. I am bound to admit that if the advice given had been limited to a suspension of similar restrictions in this country, there probably would not have been a very serious difference of opinion. Many who might have doubted whether the precautions were not superfluous, would probably have offered no decided resistance to its being taken. The point on which there wa., and still is, the greatest conflict of opinion, was the proposal to reconsider the wh question of the corn-laws, with a view to their u , timate repeal. When I proposed to the Cabinet on the Ist November, 1846, the temporary suspension of all duties on foreign urn, it became necessary for me at that time to decide whether i could undertake to support, after the period of suspension should have expired, the restoration of the ire -existing law. Such an undertaking implied, et course, resistance with the %%hole weight and auth rrity of th.- Government to any proposal that might be made in Parliament, by others, for the modification of that law in its principle or in its leading enactments. I found it impossible, consistently with my sense of public duty, to give an assurance to that effect. „ In justifying my decision in this respect. I have no desire to take any undue advantage of events which have since o , curred. That terrible scourge which has since afflicted Ireland, which has demanded an extraordinary advance of ten millions of money, for the purpose of averting from that country thq horrors of famine, must not be pleaded as a vindication of the course taken in January, 1846. But, Gentlemen, no prudent Minister deciding on that course at that time, could safely exclude from his cm sideration the probability that the same disorder which had affected the potato crop of 1845 might affect that of 1846. The experience of other countries in which the blight had appeared, tended to show that it was no t limited to a single season, and as an early proof that apprehensions on that head were not without founda tion, I will quote from a letter received from Protessor Lindley on the 18th February, 1846, the following ex tract:— " I feel it my duty to apprise you, at the earliest pos sible moment, of the following alarming facts, in regard to the potato crop of next season. It has been ascer tained beyond all doubt that diseased sets will pro duce a diseased crop. Evidence in conformation► of this was produced yesterday before the Horticultural So ciety, in the presence of Sir Charles Lemon, Sir Philip Egerton, Lord Grey, and others ; and for your own in formation I enclose you some proofs of it in the shape of the haulm of the new pbtato plants grown at Bicton, in Devonshire. They were perfectly healthy in appear ance in January, and now they are advanced beyond the first stage of decay. " I would have communicated this information to you yesterday, if I had not wished for leisure to re-examine and re-consider the evidence in my possession, so that all possibility of error or misconception might be guarded against. I have now spent some hours in re examining the evidence, and not a doubt remains in my mind that next year's crop is in jeopardy." Such was the opinion of Professor Lindley, tending to confirm the apprehension, that from the same cause, a second suspension of the corn-laws mighp become necessary. It appeared to me that, considering the nature of that law—considering that it was passed with a view of in suring, through its own unassisted operation, an ade quate supply of foreign corn in case of necessity—a single suspension of it on the first occasion of severe trial would be a powerful argument against its permanent continuance, and that the necessity for renewed suspen sion (should it recur), would add greatly to the weight of that argument. But, independently of this consideration, there were other and more important reasons which influenced my decision. My confidence in the validity of the reasons on which I had myself heretofore relied, for the maintenance of restrictions on the import of corn, had been materially weakened. It had been weakened by the conflict of ar gument on the principle of a restrictive policy—by many concurring proofs that the wages of labour do not vary with the price of corn—by the contrast presented in two sucees3ive periods of dearth and abundance, in the health, morals, tranquillity, and general prot.perity of the whole community—by serious doubts whether, in the prt Aent condition of this country, cheapness and plenty are not insured fair the tuture in a higher degree by the free intercourse i❑ corn, than by restriction on its importa lion for the purpose of giving protection to domestic agriculture. It had been weakened also by the following considera tions, which were in a great degree new elements in forming a judgment upon this vital matter:— The general repeal of prohibitory duties, and the re cent application of the principles of free trade to almost ail articles of import from abroad, made the corn-laws the object of more starching scrutiny and more invidious comment, and narrowed the ground on which their de fence could be maintained. Among the articles of foreign import prohibited up to the year 1842, and then admitted at low rates of duty, were some important articles of agricultural produce, salted and fresh meat, oxen, sheep, cows, &c. You pro bably recollect the panic which this admission caused— tbe forced sale of stock, the prophecies that it would be impossible to compete with the foreign grazier, and that meat would be reduced to 3d per pound. Five yetirs have passed since this great change in the law took place, and your own experience will enable you to judge whe ther the panic was well founded, and whether the pro phecies have been fulfilled. The complete failure of those prophecies had naturally had its effect on public opinion, with regard to the pro bable consequences of a freer intercourse in other articles of agricultural produce. There was another circumstance still more calculated to diminish apprehensions as to the risk of opening the corn market of this country to foreign competition. There has appeared of late years a tendency to increase in the consumption of articles of subsistence much more rapid than the increase in the population. Lis difficult, if not impossible, on account of the absence o f statistical information, to measure accurately that in crease in the case of articles of the first necessity, such as corn and meat. But it may be inferred from the rela tive consumption, at different periods, of articles in re spect to which the comparison can be instituted. The following is an account of some of the principal articles entered respectively ntehomeredfor— Cocoa, lbs and 4 1,930,764 ... 2,962,327 Coffee, lbs Currants, cwts Rice, cwts Pepper, lbs Sugar, cwts Molasses, cwts 402.422 ... 582.665 •••• Tea, lbs 36 681,877 ... 46,723,208 Tobacco and snuff, lbs 22,308,38.) ... 27, 001 , 908 Brandy, g a llons 1,165.137 ... 1 , 515,954 Geneva, ditt o British spirits, ditto Malt charged with duty, table S Surely r w e y t hi0tuit523,122,581 bushels in the consumption of the articles which it embraces. Can there be a doubt that if the consumption of articles being impossible forcibly to struck refer by to the this r : a : :c p o i 4 d ml i l39 n a7 c r r 9a e t 7 v s increase ot secondary necessity has been thus advancing, the consumption of articles ot first necessity, of meat and of bread for instance, has been making at least an equally rapid progress ? During the greater part of the period included in the , return, from the middle of 1842 to the eud of 1846, the free-trade measures have been in operation. They have been in operation therefore, concurrently at least, with these evidences of the increasing ease and comfort of tilt people. Other causes have no doubt contributed to that ease and comfort; but even if the whole effect be assigned to those other causes—to railway enterprise, or anythini: else—it does not affect my present argument. If theta be front any oause a tendeney to the consumption of articles of the first necessity much more rapid than the increase of population, the responsibility of undertaking to regulate the supply of food by legislative restraints, and the difficulty of maintaining those restraints in the event of any sudden check to prosperity, or increased price of subsistence, will be greatly- augmented, while. on the other hand, the danger to be apprehended from foreign compet tion is materially lessened. It was from the combined influence of these various considerations—from diminished confidence in the neces sity or advantage of protection—from the increasing difficulty of resisting the application to articles of few(' of those principles which had been gradually applied to so many other articles—from the result of the experi ment made with regard to cattle and meat in 1842 from the evidences of rapidly increasing consumption— from the aggravation of every other difficulty, in the maintenance of the corn-laws, by the fact of their sus pension on the first real pressure—it was from the com bined influence of such considerations, that I came tt the conclusion that the attempt to maintain those law inviolate after their suspension would be impolitic, thy. 1 the struggle for their maintenance would assume a new character, and that no advantage to be gained by sucees:- could counterbalance the consequences:of failure, or ever, the evils attending protracted conflict. My opinions in this respect may have been erroneous. but they were not formed without mature and painfu deliberation, and I am wholly unconscious of any singli motive of self-interest, personal or political, which wa not calculated to bias my judgment in favour of an opposite conclusion. If, from the confidence which the agricultural interest had reposed in the Government, ant' the support they had freely given to it, that interest hat a special claim upon me, I should have ill-satisfied that claim by giving advice at a very critical period, which might certainly have been more acceptable—which might have protected myself from the imputation of being in consistent and unfaithful—but which in my heart and conscience I believed to be, as applicable to that time and those circumstances, unsound and dangerous. Between the maintenance of the corn-laws inviolate, and a measure involving their ultimate repeal, I saw in middle course satisfactory or advantageous to any in. terest; I saw still less of satisfaction or advantage in indecision and irrational delay; I could not admit tht incompetency of the present Parliament to deal wit} , this as with every other question of public concern There appeared to me, upon the whole, much less o public evil in the resolution finally to adjust the questioi of the corn-laws than in any other that could be then adopted, and that being my deliberate conviction, I fel , it to be my duty to incur the painful sacrifices which the acting upon that conviction must inevitably entail. There is no event that has since occurred (I speak of events bearing directly upon the merits of the questiot at issue) which does not confirm me in the belief that, even with special reference to the agricultural interest the course taken was preferable to any other. So much, Gentlemen, with regard to the past. In re sp.'ct to the future, it is my intention, it' re elected, tt conform on all matters connected with our financial ale commercial concerns to the general principles on which I have acted while in power. Acting with the caution and circumspection whicl teed to make reformation permanent, by making it safe and which are indispensably requisite in all case , wherein the public credit, or wherein extensive and coin plicated interests are concerned, I shall feel disposed ti support such measures as are calculated to remove an , remaining restrictions on commerce—to abate dutie that are levied for the purpose of protection, or that, b: their amount, defeat the purposes of revenue—to appoi tion equitably the burden of taxation—and to better th condition of those who labour for their subsistence. _ _ Such measures are not only verfectly compatible with t‘ut are mainly conducive to, those great objr•ets of con sti•utional policy which it has been, from the commence ment of my public life, as it will bo to its close, unvarying purpose to upho'd. It is my tirru persuasion that the course sanctioned b: the present Parliament, with reference to our financia and commercial policy, has tended to fortify the esta blishPd institutions of this country, to inspire confident, in the equity and benevolence of the Legislature, t maintain the just authority of en hereditary nobilir) and to discourage the desire for democratic change in th, constitution of the House of Commons. It has aided the Government in conducting the admi nistration of internal affairs, and in maintaining th public tranquillity, even during a period of suilerinl.. from depression in trade and a high price of food, natio more through the mild influence of general contentment than through the appliance of force, or the harsh coer cion of the civil power. And if the sad times of ay" severer trial should return, that trial will not be bore. with the less fortitude and patience, when the privation, that accompany it can be ascribed solely to causes over which the Legislature has no control. I have thus, Gentlemen, explained to you the course which I have pursued, and that to which, if re-elected, I intend to conform. In a few days, probably, the trust you have committee en me will be replaced in your hands. If you disapprov , of that which I have done—if you think the commercie policy erroneous, or the motives for adopting it insuffi oient or unworthy, I cannot solicit or expect the renewal of your confidence. Stiil less caul solicit or expect it if you think that that policy ought to be reversed—if you de sire to re-establish the principle of Protection—to re store the duties that have been repealed on cotton, or. wool, on meat, on flour, on the long list of imported articles, which are either the materials for domestic manufactures, or enter into general consumption as arti cles of food. It is my earnest hope that you will make your chola of a representative exclusively upon public grounds—that you will not permit the consideration of mere personal regard, or of my long connexion with you, to influence that choice against your deliberate j u d gmen t. If that deliberate judgment be in favour of the course which I have pursued, and which I propose to pursue, shall hope for a continuance of your confidence— if it bt not, our intercourse in all the relations of private life wilt not assume a less friendly character, if, in the discharg of a trust committed to you, you should give effect to opinions upon public matters at variance with those which I have expressed. I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, With much esteem, Your faithful servant and friend, ROBERT PEEL. THE CAOTJTCHOUC TRADE. of EBorraozpile,, - - - -- In consequence of t he g r eat artd constantly inereasint demand for caoutchouc (a corruption o f th e name g i v e; it by tr th " cahuchu") in thi ou and the United State of North America, fr om the almost daily new uses t. country a e nd a o b t o h r e ig r i pnaersts of which it is found applicable, the attention of th Brazilian Government and Legislature has bee called to the necessity of promoting the pro pagation of the trees from which it is ex traeted, seringa elastica. On this interesting ant imoortant subject a memoir has been published by th Brazilian Instituti.tn for encouraging agricultural an manufacturing improvements, from which it appear that the extraction of the gum is become so great, the it is no longer procurable in the vicinity of towns o villages in tne province of Para, in whicli the trees ar only to be found which yield it, and those principal! , on the island at the mouth of the river Amezona, an; on its banks in the interior ; so that at the present moment a great many heads of families proceed in th proper season into the woods and forests aboundin r . there, without habitation or means of subsisting bu from hunting and fi,hing, and thus lead a waidering an, solitary life, until enabled to return to their home itu a su ffi c i en t quantity of the gum. Such, however has been the demand, that it has led to the commissio; of many frauds, such as filling the peens (loaves of balls) into which it was generally formed, with mo, and dirt, so that the purcha,ers were put to the troub'. of opening t h e m, in order to ascertain whether the) were imposed o n or not, and have been led to prefer I in a plain and transparent state, that they may see it i pure and clean. In 1828 the quantity exported di, not exceed 4,000 milreis in value, and 20,00016. ir weight, whereas in the last financial year, 1845-6, it amounted to upwards of 80010001 b. besides 415,95, pairs of shoes, the whole valued at 500,000 milreis It becomes, therefore, a matter of great consideration, for Brazil not only to preserve this branch of het trade in its present flourishing state, but likewise to b. able to augment its production in proportion to its in creased consumption ; no other branch of its export trade is so profitable, since nothing. but manual labour is required, and one man employed in its collection can obtain extract sufficient in one day to make ten pairs of shoes, the current price of which being 300 reis each, gives three milreis per diem, equal at the current ex change to 7s. 6d. a day, which in that cheap country may be considered equivalent to 10s. 6d. in the United Kingdom. LLOYD'S SHIPPING. Lorrnox, JVLY 17.—Wind E.N.E ., s q ually, with heavy rain at times. DEAL, JULY 16.—Wi n d E.N.E., mo d era te, and a thick fog; P.M. N.E., moderate, and clear weather. —Arrived from the River, and sailed, Hamlet, New S outh Wales; Courier, Bahia; Deslandes, Pernambuco ; Ruckers, Madeira and St. morning, Vincent; Duk e o f B ron t e , Jamaica; Pr imula, St. Jago de Cuba ; C eres , H onduras; T o ronto, New York ; Ro y al William, Quebec ; Guin ama n, Cape Coas t Castle. The Mariposa, Parsons, has been got off the Goodwin Sands this and chain. PORTSMOUTH, JULY 16 .—Arrd. Rain bow, Arnold, Quebec. and brought into the Downs, wof LIVERPOOL JULY 16. Wind N.N.W . to N.N.E., light.— Arrd. E s k, C roc k ett, B a hi a; Am o y, Clark, C allao ; Thomas Buttersb3', Whit e Savanilla ; Byron , P earson, New Orleans; Stephen Bald w i n , Borland, ditto; Reb ecca, Campbell, ditto; Circassian, M‘Mill an, N ew Y o rk; Eliza Ann , Bl y th, ditto ; Quest, , Walshaw, ditto; Mountaineer, Smith, ditto; Anne, ]y y, Mont rea l ; Al ert , Newfoundland. Sld. Sir Henr i Pottinger, Calcutta; Windsor, Pars; Archer, Jamaica; PENZANCE, JULY 15.—La Louisa, Baltimore ; Oxford, New York ; Laura, Boston ; Oneco, ditto; Three Sisters, Halifax; Oregon, Quebec. The Stephen Whitney, Popi.am, hence to New York, was at an- chor in a dangerous position, 13th inst., among the rocks at Sunda. A steamer would proceed to her assistance from Cam pbeltown. Brest, to Swansea, struck near the Longships light- housi this morning, in a thick f Bellona, of Paimpol, from floating in the offing, crew saved. many pieces sank almost immediately ; POOTIICAIVL, JULY 15.—The stern-board of a vessel. marked '• Cadiz," of Castletown, was picked up yesterda) near this place, and LANCASTER, JULY 15.—The Swift, Benson, for White haven, has put back, having sprung a :eak, and must dis- charge. JULY 16.—The Symmetry, of Lynn, which went on s ou the 101.11 inst., has been got off, and towed WHITBY, rr r n oc Y k , Ws. Stockton. BANK RETURNS. \ From the Londondazette of Tuesday.) ,tu Account, pursuant to the Act seventh and eighth Victoria., nap. 32, of the Average Amount of Bank Notes, or the several Banks of Issue in England and Wales, in Circulation during the Week ending Satur day, the 3d day of July, 1847:- Average PRIVATE BANKS. Amount. Nbingdon Bank, Abingdon-Knapp and Co.. -- kndover Bank, Andover-Heath and Co 16.082 ,shford Bank, Ashford-Jemmitt and Pomfret 9,061 Vlshaan Bank, Aylaham-R. and E. Copeman 5,584 kylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury-Rickford and Hunt kildock Bank and Baldock and Biggleswade Tlar.k, - ;3aldoek-Wells. l'ogg, end Lindsell... 30,941 Barnstaple Bank, Barnstaple-Drake and Co 12,602 Basingstoke and Odihaxr. Bank, Basingstoke- Cole, Seymour, an.,3 tedloid [lank, Bedford-T. Barnard Ledford and Bedfordshire Bank, Bedford- Trapp, Halfhead, and Co. tewdley Bank, Be ardley-Nichols, Baker, and Crane iicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford Bank, Bicester-Tubb, Wootten, and Co. irtningham Bank, Birmingham-Attvroods, Spooner, and Co 23,518 iirmingham and Warwickshire Bank, Birming ham--Lewis, Moilliett, and Co . 38,010 Hand ford Bank, Blandford-Bastard and Oak. 7,862 baton Bank, Boston-Garfitiand Co 74,034 baton Bank, Boston-Gee and Co 12,136 qitlga--) ter Bank, Bridgwater-E. &J. Sealey 9,692 3ristol Bank, Bristol-Miles, Harford, and Co. 36,730 irosoley and Bridgnorth, and Bridgnorth and Broseley Bank, Broseley-Messrs. Pritchard 20,851 luckingh am Bank, Buckingham-Bartlett, Parrott, and Co. .3ury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, Market Bank, Bury-Oakes, Bevan, and Co 75,732 lantury Bank, Banbury-Gillett and Tawney 38,003 3anbury Old Bank, Banbury-Messrs. Cobb 50,163 3t.ter. City Bank, Bath-Mogen and Son . 3,725 3edfordshire Leighton Buzzard Bank, Leighton Buzzard-Bassett and Grant 34,691 3irtningham Bank, Birmingham-Taylor and Lloyds Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorkshire-H and A. Harris 3recon Old Bank, Brecon-Wilkins and Co 65,823 kidport Bank, Bridport-S. and W. E. Gundry 22,142 3righton Union Bank, Brighton-Hall, West, and Borrer itirlington and Driffield Bank, Burlington- Harding, Smith, and Co bury St. Edmunds Bank, Bury St. Edmunds- J. Worlledge and Co. komsgrove Bank and Stourbridge and Broms grove Bank, Bromsgrove-Rufford, Biggs, and Co. 16,724 lambridge Bank, Cambridge-Mortlock and Sons ) 20,586 'ambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank, Cam bridge-Messrs. Forsters 'anterbury Bank, Canterliury-Hammond and Co larmarthen Bank, Carmarthen-Morris and Sons 'hertsey Bank, Chertsey-Messrs. La Coste 3 375 lolchester Bank, Colchester-Round, Green, and Co . lolehester and Essex Bank, Witham and Essex Bank, and Hadleigh Bank, Suffolk, Colchester Bawtree, and Co 'ornish Bank, Truro-Tweedy and Co 'oventry Bank, Coventry-Little and Wood cock 'ity Bank, Exeter-Milford and Co 21.069 'raven Bank, Settle---;Birkbecks and Co 70,867 *hristchurch Bank_ ChristChurch-Tice, Welsh, and Co 2.281 !ardiff Bank, Cardiff-Towzood and Co 6,910 'hepstow Old Bank, Chepstow Bank, Mon mouth Old Bank, Mourn( uth Medi, Brecon Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Chepstow-Bromage, Snead, and Co. erby Bank, Derby-Messrs. Evans )erhy Bank, Derby-Smith and Co. )erby Old Bank and Scarsdale and High Peak Bank, Derby-Crompton, Newton, and Co 25,747 ievizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes-Hughes, Locke, and Co 17,023 )iss Bank, Diss-Oakes, Finchana, and Co 10,401 )oncaster Bank, Doncaster-Leatham, Tew, and Co. )oncaster Bank and Retford Bank, Doncaster- Cook and Co. )(wet- Union Bank, Dover—Latham, and Co — hrlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton on-Tees Bank, Darlington—Backhouse, and Co 81,015 )evonport Bank, Devonport—Hodge and Nor man ►orchester Old Bank and Dorsetshire Bank, Dorchester—Williams and Co. ''.ast Cornwall Bank, Liskeard—Robins, Foster, and Co. , :ast Riding Bank, Beverley—Bower, Hutton, and Co. issex Bank and Bishops Stortford Bank, Chelmsford—Walford, and Co. 49,250 ;:xeter Bank, Exeter—Sanders and Co 31,30 Wo.kenham Bank, Fakenham—Gurneys, Birk beck, and Co. 'arringdon Bank and Bank of Wantage, Far ringdon—Barnes and Medley Farnham Bank, Farnham—Messrs. Knight Faversham Bank, Faversham—Hilton and Co. odalining Bank, Godalming—Mellersh and Keen 4rantham Bank, Grantham—Kewney and King 18,993 luildford Bank, Guildford—Messrs. Haydon... 12.809 3rantham Bank, Grantham—Hardy and C 0.... 25,763 ffastings Old Bank, Hastings—Smith, Hilder, and Co. 28,144 Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford— Matthews and Co. [lertfordshire Bank and Ware Bank, Ware— 20,799 8,375 12,600 5,335 S. Adams and Co. ' Lull Bank and Kinp,ston-upon-Hull Bank, Hull —Smith, Brothers, and Co. luntingdon Town and County Bank, Hunting don—Rust and Veasey larwich Bank, Harwich—Cox, Cobbold, and Co 5,288 'lemel Ilempstead Bank, Hemel Hempstead — Smith, and Whittingstall loniton Bank, Honiton —Flood and Co. I lertfordshire, Hitchen Bank, Hitchen—Sharpies and Co. 37,358 b‘ruford. Ross, and Archenfield Bank, and Ross and Archenfield Bank, Hereford—Morgan, _ _ _ Hoskins, and Co 23.787 pswieh Bank, Ipswich—Bacon and Co. ~wich and Needham Market Bank, Suffidk, liadleigh Bank, Manningtree and Mistley :lank, and Woodbridge Bank, Ipswich— Alexa,r.ders and Co. entish Bank, Maidstone—Mercer, Randall, and Mercer :ington and Radnorshire Bank, Kinston—J Davies and Co aighton Bank Knighton—J. Davies and Co 6,743 , naresoorough Old Bank and Ripon Old Bank, linaresborough—Terry and Co. Bank, Kendal—Wakefield, Crew&on, and Cc,. 38 653 lettering Bank, Kettering-0 ot.-n and Suns 7 , 7 81 Jane End Staffordshire Bank, Lane End—C liarv, y and Son Deeds Bank, Leeds—Beckett and Co 54,681 :eels Union Bank, Leeds—W. Williams, Brown, Newark — an w d e . 33 ). nBiadianB 34 170 ~ s oh and Staffordshire Bank, and Leek and Congleton Bank,Leek—Fowler,Gaunt, and Co. 4 01 ,nitester Bank, Leicester—Pagets and Kirby._ 26 147 ,ewer Old Bank, Lewes—Molineux and Co 3;,55, ;)iflelil Bank, Lichfield—Palmer and Green 1855 0 alieoinl Bank, Lincoln—Smith land CO 92,943 'L',ls.ndovery Bank and Llandilo Bank Llando j very —David Jones and Co. oup-hborough Bank, Loughborough—Middle- 28,796 1 tons and Cradock .4yinington Bank, Lymington—C. and S. St Barbe 4ynn Regis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn Regis —Gurneys and Co. 38,748 iiynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Regis— Massey and Co. ..., 11,813 Jacelesfield Bank, Macclesfield—Brooklehurst and Co 9,975 [anningtree Bank,Manningtree—Nunn and Co 7,320 Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl borough Old Bank and Hungerford Bank, and Hungerford Bank, Marlborough—Tanner and Pinckney 14,137 Vlarlborough and North Wiltshire New Bank, Marlborough—Ward, Merriman, and Hillier 10,594 Merionethshire Bank, Dolgelly—Jones and Williams Miners' Bank, Truro—Willyams and Co 16,570 16 . 323 r 1 onm Bank,o ti t A h b s b e i r r g a a venny Agricultural_ B aile y s and an dC Co o Commercial m e r c i a l 24,823 Uonmouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, Brecon Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Monmouth 1 —Bromage and Snead rlonmouthshire Newport Old Bank, Newport —W. . Williamsl Bank, Bank, li:iiketoatNonk Newark—Godfreysr d e( wi BS Newark—Handley, Lank, Newbury—Bunnyri na n kkn s _ k, Newbury ( e enN V n i e' . 1 P c da i Vr a , k Cka r ro k a ka e t Bank, Norwich Crown Bank, Norwich—H• • linonil, and Son 19,748 Dyson 113.7ki saeTa and n),tt le,od,aynPeacock, )ei:l dl a and Hutton ni arreys and II uilsons ,Norwich and Norfolk Bank, Norwich—Gur neys end Co - 71,037 vottiiioam and Nottinghamshire Bank, Not tingham—Hart, Fellows, and Co 9,971 rl uneaton Bank, Nun eaton —Craddcock and Co naval Bank, Plymouth—Hurris, Mudge, and CA— ............................... • ties ; -rum Bank, Saruin—Hetley, Everett, and 1;0 Nottineram Bank, Nottingham—Smith and Co 29,740 )swestry Bank and Oswestry Old Bank, Os westrv—Croxan and Co . .. 14,818 4 )xt.Jrcl Bank, Oxford—J. and R. Morrell 13,511 IxfOrd •,)1d Bank, Oxford—Robinson, Parsons, and Thompson 35,009 )1d Bank fonbridge Tunbridge and ronbridge Wells Old Ba.uk, ' Tonbridge and Tunbridge [ Wells and Sevenoaks Bank, Tonbridge— .Beeching and Sons .............r...., 8,086 • 34")26147176973010155461 Average Amcunt Oxfordshire Witney BaLk Witney—Williams, Clinch, and Co 11,029 Pease's Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old Bank and Bevorley Bank, Hull---Pease and Co 45,766 Penzance Bank, Penzance—Batten and Co 10,671 ?ocerborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter borough—M.s.,rs. Yorke Peterborough Bank, Peterborough—Simpson, Whit 9, and Simpson 10,103 Pf.:: - übrokeshire Bank, Haverfordwest—J. and W. Walters Penzance Union Bank, Falmouth Bank, and Truro Bank, Penzance—Rickets, Enthoven and Co Reading Bank, Reading—iimonas and Co 37,835 Reading Bank, Reading—Stephens,Blandy, and _ __ Co 33,252 Richmond Bank,Richmoml—Stapleton and Co 5.665 Ringwood and Poole Bank, and Town and County of Poolo Bank, Ringwood—Ledgard and Sons Rochdale Bank, Rochdale—Clement, Royds, and Co 4,630 Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank, Roches- ter—Day and Nicholson 9,829 Romsey and Hampshire Bank, Romsey—Foot ner and Son Royston Bank, Royston—Fordham and Sons 13,973 Rugby Bank, Rup;by—Butlin and Son 13,6E1 Rye Bank, Rye—Curteis, Pomfret, and Co 16,760 Reigate and Darking Bank, and Reigate, Croy don, and Darking Bank, Reigate—Nash and Co 13,635 Ross (Ad Bank, Herefordshire, Ross—Pritchard and Allaway 4,370 Saffron Walden and North Essex Bank, Saffron Walden—Messrs. Gibson Salop Bank, Shrewsbury —Burton, Lloyd, and Co 16,398 Scarborough Old Bank, `3carborough—Woodall and Co 22,053 Shrewsbury and Market. Dray ton Bank, Shrews bury—Adams, Maths, and Co 6,280 Shrewsbury Old Bank, and Shreubury and Ludlow Bank, Shrewsbury—Rote, Eytons, and Co Sittingbourne and .Mitton Bank, Sittingbourne —Valiance and Sou 3,242 Southampton Town and County Bank, South ampton —Maddison and Son Southwell Bank, Southwell—Wylde and Co. St. Alban's Bank. St. Alban's—J. S. Story 2,299 Salisbury Bank, Salisbury—Messrs. Brodie 20,642 Shaftesbury Bank, Shaftesbury— Brodie and King 8,580 Southampton and Hampshire Bank, Southamp ton—Atherly and Fall Stone Bank, Ston,—W. Moore 6,291 Stourbridge Ban's, Stourbridge —Rufford, Wragg, and Co 17,297 Stafford Old Bank, Stafford—Stevenson and Co 11,817 Stamford and Rutland Bank, Stamford—Eaton, Cayley, and Co. . . 30,012 Stourbridge Old Bank, Stourbridge—Bate and Robins Shrewsbury and Welshpool Bank, Shrewsbury —Beck, Downward, and Co. 24,018 St. Alban's and Hertc Bank, St. Alban's—Gib son and Stuart... Taunton Bank, Taunton—Me:srs. Badeock favistock Bank, Tavistock—Gill, Rundle, and Co I'hornbury Bank, Thornbury—Rol ph, Yates, and Par,low Tiverton and Devonshire Bank, Tiverton—tains ford and Barrie Thrapston and Kettering Bink, Northampton: shire, Thrapston—Yorke and Eland Tring Bank and Chesham Bank, Trim--- But cher and Son fowc,ster Old Bank, Toweester—J. and S Percival !_Tnion Bank, Cornwall, Helston—Vivian and Co. Uxbridge Old Bank. Uxbridge—Hull, Smith, and Co. Wallingford 13amk,linzford—lVells and Co. 'Warwick and Warwiekshirt , Bark, Warwick— K, , lynwe Grecnway, arid Co. . . Wellington Somerset Bank, W,llington—Fox, Br , thers 'Are,t Ridinq Bank, Wakefield, lid Pontefract 2,264 24,600 12,103 9.585 10,964 9.037 14 458 24.020 9,970 26,814 3,202 Bank, Wa.:efield—Leatham, Tew, and Co Whitby Old Bank, Whitny —Simpson, Chap• man, and Co Winchester, Alresford. and Alton Bank, Win chester— Bulpett and Co. • 21,18 Winchester and Hampshire Bank, Winchester —Wickham and Co Weymouth Old Rank and Dorchester Bank, Weymouth—Elliott and Pearse Wirkesworth and Ashhourne Derbyshire Bank, tVirkeswnrth—Arkwrig,ht and Co. Nisbech and Lincolnshire Bank, Wisbech— Gurney and Co Wiveliscomne Bank, Wiveliscumbe—P. and W. Hancock Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton—Good ricke and Holyoake 9,79 Worcester Bank, Worcester—Farley, Lavender, 43 806 and Co. Worcester Old Bank and Tewkesbury Old Bank, Worcester—Berwiek, Lechmere, and Co Worcestershire Bank, Kidderminster—Farley and Turner - Whitby Bank, Whitby—Frankland and Wil kinson Walsall Old Bank, Walsall—Charles Foster and Sons Warminster and Wiltshire Bank, Warminster— 13.226 5,148 14,623 33,014 54,305 6,319 11,379 75,864 11,230 19,736 Everett and Co. Wrexham Bank, Wrexham—J. and S. Kenrick Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton— Messrs. Fryer Yarmouth and Suffolk Bank, and Haleaworth and Suffolk Bank, Yarmouth—Gurney, BirkbeA, and Co. Yarmouth, Norfolk, and Suffolk Bank, Great Yarmouth—Sir E. K. Lacon, Bart., and Co Yeovil Old Bank, Yeovil—E. and J. Batten York Bank. York—Swann. C Louie', and Co JOINT-STOCK BANKS. Bank of Westmoreland. Kendal ... Barnsley Banking Company, Barnsley Bradford Banking Company, Bradford Bilston District Banking Company. Wolver- 19,983 1,860 4,3925 10,751 8,500 41,693 9,224 7,685 49,423 hampton Bank of Whitehaven, Whitehaven Bradford Commercial Banking Company, Brad ford .... ............ Burton, Uttoxeter, and Staffordsl ire Union Banking Company, Burton-upon-Trent Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Banking Company, Chesterfield '.. 827 Cumberland anion Bulking Company, Work- .054 28,050 49.778 ington . v 29,537 Cheltenham and Gloucestershire Banking Com pany, Clsiltenham Coventry and Warwickshire Banking Company, Coventry ... 23,830 Coventry Union Banking Company. Coventry.. 12.970 County of Gloucester Banking Company, Chel tenham Carlisle and Cumberland Banking Company Carlisle Carlisle City and District Wink, Carlisle 19.016 Dudley and We 4 Bromwich 'tanking Company, Dudley Derby and )erbyshire Banking Company, Derby 19,204 Darlington District Joint-Stock Banking Com pany, Darlington East of England Bank, Norwich Gloucestershire Banking Company, Gloucester 150,732 Halifax Joint-Stock Bank, Halifax 17,0 : 7 Huddersfield Banking Company, Huddersfield 32,660 Hull Banking Compaiiy, HUll Halifax CominereiAl Banking Company, Halifax 12,479 Haiifax and Huddersfield Union Banking Com pany, Halifax 36.696 Helawn Banking Company. Helton •.. .. 1,100 Herefordshire Banking Comp a ny , Here'Ord 21,415 knaresborough and Claro Banking Company, knaresborCugh 26,493 Kintrsbridge Joint-Stock Bank, Kingsbridge 3,973 Lancaster Banking Company, Lancaster . 53,027 Leeds Banking Company, Leeds Leicestershire Banking Company, Leicester Lincoln and Lindsey Banking Company, Lincoln 51,570 Leamingtoq Priors and Warwickshire Banking Company, Leamington Priors Leeds and West Riding Banking Company, Leeds Leeds Commercial Banking Company, Leeds — Ludlow and Tenbury Bank, Ludlow Moore and Robinson's Nottinghamshire Bank ing Company, Nottingham .......... - Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Banking Company, Nottingham Newcastle, Shields, and Sunderland Union Joint- Stock Banking Company, Newcastle 69,734' National Provincial Bank of England, Birming ham, Head-office, 112, Bishopsgate-street, London North Wilt:. Banking Company, Melksham 51,751 Northamptonshire Union Bank, Northampton 75,510 Northamptonahire Banking Company, North ampton North and South Wales Bank, Liverpool 51,756 Pares's Leicostt rshire Banking Company, Lei- _ tester - 50.588 Saddleworth Banking Company. Saddleworth 2,968 Sheffield Bankitl2; Company, Sheffield 35,309 Stamford, Spalding, and Boston Banking Corn puny, Stamford Stuckey's Banking Company, Bristol Somerset shire Bank, and Somersetshire Bank, Lang port Shropshire Banking Company, Shiffnall ... Stourbridge and Kidderminster Banking Coln _ pany, StourbriC . ige in Sheffield and li,i.:,..shire Banking Company, Sheffield ... • •. Sheffield and Rotherham Joint- Stock Banking Company, 5h.,.;:o , d Swaledale and Wensleydale Banking Company, Richmond... .... . 44,581 Stockton and Durham County Banking Com pany, Stockton . . — Storey and Thocuas's Banking Company, Shaftesbury - .... 9,864 Sheffield and Retfero Bank, Sheffield ... .. B4B Suffolk Bankin• Company, Ipswich — Wolverhampton a...l3taffordshire Banking Com pany, Wolverhampton 34,868 Wakefield and Barusley Union Bank, Wakefield 11,725 Whitehaven Joint Stock Banking Company, Whitehaven , , • Warwick and Lewou gton Banking Company, Loamington t .. 35,011 West of Englithe +o 4i South •Wales District Bank, Brutal ~ # ....... .... 74 0 2 i I Aventge A 4:4° Wilts and Dorset Banking Company, Salisbury 63,405 West Riding Union Banking Company, Hud dersfield Whitchurch and Ellesmere Banking Company, Whitchurch . 5,1 16 Worcester City and County Banking Company, Worcester..... , 6,01 York Union Banking Company, York 70,315 York City and County Banking Company, York 9 1 , 1 " Yorkshire Banking Company, Leeds P. DEANS, Registrar of Bank Returns. Stamps and Taxes, July 10. 1847. MARKET NEWS.-(SATURDAY•) 0017ENT—GAiLDEN We had a very extensive show of both fruit and vegeL a ‘ bles here, nevertheless the trade was active at our vow tions. Gooseberries, is 3d to 3s 3d; French Beans, ti Apples, 2s to 3s ; Pears, 2s 6d to 3s 6d ; Broad Beans, is , s 4 to 2s ; Cherries, is 6d to 3s ; and Currants, 3s to 4' 7 ' per half sieve ; Greens, is Gd to 2s 3d per dozen bunches' ( ' Cauliflowers, Is to 2s 3d; and Cabbages, 8d to Is s per dozen; Melons, 2s to ss; and Pine Apples, is to 5s each ; Green Peas, is to 3s per half-sieve; New Potat° ll :,. 8s to 14s per cwt ; Turnips, 2s to 3s; Onions, 2s to r 2 and Carrots, 5s to 7s per dozen bunches ; Horseradis w Is 6d to 3s; Celery, is to 2s 3d; and Asparagus, 2s 3ci. t° 3s 6d per bundle; Raspberries, 3d to 8d; and Strawbeyr l6l :, 2d to 9d per pottle ; Cueumbers, Id to 9d each ; 3d to 6d per dozen hands; Mushrooms, la to Is 6d r r pottle ; Rhubarb, 4d to 8s per bundle ; Hothouse arse' 2s 3d to 4s per lb; Cos Lettuces, 6d to Is per score. NEIVTGATE AND LEADEZiIIAIaa. Good clearances were effected on the following terms Beef, from 3s 6d to 4s 4d; Mutton, 3s 8d to ss; Lamb, I: to 6s ; Veal, 3s 10d to 4s 10d; and Pork, 3s 10d to V 10d per 81bs, by the carcase. The supplies of Poultry 1 ."`" were small, yet the general demand was heavy, a but WO variation in prices. NEWPORT. Beef, from 3s 8d to 4s 8d; Mutton, 4s to sc; Lamb, 6. 4d to 6s 2d ; Veal, 4s to 5s ; and Pork, 4c to 5s per 81bs. WIEXTECHAPEZ. Beef, from 3s 8d to 4s 4d ; Mutton, 3s 8d to ss; La 0 1 . 11 7. 5s to 6s 2d ; Veal, 35 10d to 4s 10d; and Pork, 3 3 to 4s 10d per 81bs. BILLINGSGATE. Only moderate supplies of Fish were on offer, yet the de' mand was by no means active, at late rates. HUNGERFOED. Full average supplies of most articles were on offer, vib lii . the general demand was steady, at but little alteration • prices. _ _ BREAD. The prices of Wheaten Bread in the metropolis are fro 10d to 10%d ; of household ditto, 8d to 94d. per 4m loaf. HIDE IKAILILET. Market Hides, 561 b to 641 b, 2 1 4 d to 2%d per lb ; do. 641b' 721 b, 2 3 4 d to 3d ; do. 721 b to 801 b, 3 1 . Ad to 3 3 / 4 d ; do. 801 b 881 b, 4d to 4 1 / t d ; do. 881 k to 961 b, 4%d to sd; do. 96/ . to 1041 b, 54d to 51/d. Calf Skins, each, 4s 6d to 6 11 Horn Hides, 1344 Shearlings, lid to is 4cl; Lambs, is 1 to 2s 6d. HAT MARKETS. SMITHFIELD.—OId Meadow Hay, 3/ 5s to 4/ 4s; Neic an 2! 5s to 3/ 88; Old Clover, id 4s to 51 ss; New ditto, A 0 5s to 4! 4s; and Straw, 1/ 12s to 11 16s per load. Trsu dull at full prices. CUMBE rtLA ND.— Old Meadow Hay, 31 lOs to 4/ 48 • - -1141 ,, eir ditto, 2/ 5s to 31 88 ; Old Clover, 41 to 51; New 31 to 4!; and Straw, 11 14s to 11 17s per load. A 1 101 "" supply, and a steady demand. gel HITECHAPEL.—OId Meadow Hay, 3/ 5s to 41 ; ditto, 2/ 58 to 3c ss; Old Clover, 4/ lOs to 5/ 8s; New ditty 4 31 to 41 41; and Straw, 11 128 to 1/ 16s per load. SUP hut moderate, and trade rather dull. COAL MARKET.—ESIDAY. 18s iptg 0a Ad'air's Main ......... 16s Od l 'Braddrll's Hatton L"" 94 • A Buttille's W. Hartley I7s 3dlHaswell 18s t Davisot.'BWest Ha r tl e y 17 s 3d H e tt on 18s g Deares Primrose ...... 15 8 9d l li eep i er 18 0 , a - Ilasting's Hartley l 7s 3dlL am bt on 17s Thlywell Main 18 5 fl a w New Tatilield l6, Od Stewart' s 178 7. ~i Ord's Rettlieugh ...... 15s 6d Whitwell 18 9 West WyLitn West Hartley Wall's E it• nd, &c High Thornley pd Acorn Close limit orn ke and Co l7s 3d l Thley Hepburn. .. 16s 6d,South Durham - pa 18 5 ~1 Hilda Killingworth l7B Od 1 C twpen Hartley ...... 17s ; \L'h roclifie ...... Eden Main l7s (Id; W. Hartley Netherton l' ,s Belmont • 178 6dl 111 arrival S-71 sold. RAILWAY RETURNS A 0 f ItsfLwAY TRAFFIC.—The following are th e T o t a l R ece ipts tl3. ways for the past week—that is to say, u p t o th e d a t e to w_lue-01100 respective returns are made, together with th e rece ipts of Ise week in the previous year:— 5P A Weeis ending Last week. July 4 15 9 8 13 II 10 11 10 4 le 10 NAME OF RAILWAY. Amiens and Boulogne .•••••• •• •• •• Aroroato and Forfar ••• •• •• •• •• •• Chester and Birkenhead . • • • • • • •• • • • • Dublin and Dr0gheda..........• Dublin and Kingstown .... • • • • • • • • • • Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen • • • • •• • • Edinburgh and Glasgow . •• . ••• • • • • • Eastern Counties and North Eastern .• Eastern Union.. Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr ...... Glasgow and Greenock.. ....... Gravesend and Rochester•• .:•••• •• •• Great Southern and Western ........ Great Western, &c • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • Ipswich and Bury • .•. • • • • • • •• • • • • • • Lancaster and Carlisle . • • • • • • • • • • • • • London and North Western, &c...... London and 81ackwa11.....• • • • • • • • • London and Brighton ..... • • • • • • • • " London and South Western • • • • • • Manchester, Leeds, and Hull Assoc.• Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Maryport and Carlisle Midland, Bristol, and Birmingham.... Newcastle and Carlisle .... .. • • Newcastle, Berwick, and North Shields orth British .. • • • ................. Paris and Rouen . • • • • • ........ Preston and Wyre • ........... ...... Rouen and Havre..•• Shrewsbury and Chester ............ South Eastern and Branches ........ South Dev0n....... . . • • ............ Whitehaven Junction ..... • • .• York and Newcastle . .............. York and North Midland. 1,657 21,167 1,364 43,070 1,454 9,494 10,374 9,053 2,231 '606 20,521 2,6N7 1,789 2,301 1,983 8,699 3,669 389 9,860 1,310 1,628 854 221 7,850 7,954 12 4 70 03 4 1, 3 345 91 3, 1 9.723 q6l 20 - ; 15 9 .$ i, 240 60 7 -.15 ' 6:0 GLOUCESTER, JULY 16.-W ind N. to N. E.- Std. ham, St. John's. ~ g PROPOSED STATUE IN L INCOLN ' S INN Fox -- l og THE MEMORY OF LORD RUSSELL.-On Friday r a°l lr . a preliminary meeting of getaleuten and influential ora , pat r rs was held in the parish of St. Andrew's, FP I jet 'or the purpose of taking into consideration the proP s r o i of erecting a monument to the memory of Lord ri t or on the spot where he was beheaded i n L in coln° Fields, on the 21st of July, 1683. Mr. J. R. - she took the chair, a .c 1 explained the object for whi ch s oi meeting was held. Several gentlemen having exP rea ,. o pe ;heir L pinions upon the subject, a subscription o' e d of t each was proposed, and an intention esPra' s - calling a public meeting at the earliest opportunit t i • „1,0 THE ATRAPILATORY, OR LIQUID HAIR _ ' only dye that really answers for all colours, and do r a require re-doing but as the hair g r o ws , as it never fAu t e s acquires that unnatural red or purple tint cornmong o doess other yes. Ross and Sons can, with the greatest of n. " recommend the above dye as infallible, if done at the , ca re blisliment ; and ladies and gentlemen requiring it. 8 , 1 '7 0 if quested to bring a friend or servant with therm to se* 7 o ut , is u'ed, which will enable them to do it afterwards s ' l _ o E6l the chalice of failure. Several private apartments de:4l. entirely to the above purpose, and some of their esta bll ment having used it, the effect produced can be at onF e j e tO They think it necessary to add, that by a tt en ding stile ?o the instructions given with each bottle of dye, nu n r,, e o. persons have succeeded equally we ll wit h out com i n g to '-the A !dress Ross and Sons, 119, and 120, Bishopsgate-5tree.., t, ..„.... celebrated Perruquier s , P er f umers, H a i r -cutters, and .11' dyers. [ADVERTISEMENT.] -TELESC ,, PE, OPERA, AND BO! GLASSES.-SENT INTO TUE COUNTRY FREE UPON APYROBATIOS:„. 39, ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCADILLY. - Newly-invented AO::,/ matte Telescopes, the most powerful ever made, with Det.ro of clear transparenl brilliancy which possess such great Plot, as to supercede every other kind for' the wskitcoat for shooting, military and sea purposes; and upon sta , :',_;`,sei , Astronomtcal observations. Opera and Race-course with extraordinary great powers-a minute object can ',obi , ' ttnetly seen at the distance of 10 to 12 miles. These fB'eopeo newly-invented Glasses may be termed convenient T el e s a for both eyes, and have now become general for carriage e1t..040 door purposes. Naval officers, sportsmen, tourists, and s! s : And visitors, should nut be without one of those valuable Telescer"oo4o, Glasses. Also, a curious very small powerful Waistcoat:iP,wic• Glass, only the size of a walnut , to discern objects at th e i u ,oed i " of from fourt ) five miles. Newly-invented Spectacles. ately they at ~ placed before imperfect vision, either by day or js at dklight, that mist and dullness which appear before the etc; r oont once removed, every object becomes clear and distinct , ° e ll; O aged defective sight becomes bright and brilliant, and isbr in ~s°r its youthful, natural, and original state. Invisible and A ll ! ' CO; k.ccoustic Instruments, for relief of most extreme deatbes' n • y tion. -Messrs. S. and B. Solomon, Opticians, are not in 8 ' e dfat° connected with a person of the same name in their De m , 0 118 - neighbourhood, nor in any part of th e coun t r y. To preve n , a fle takes, be cautious, and observe-only to be had 39, .L ibe street, Piccadilly opposite the York Hotel. 0 511 A BAD BREAST OF SEVEN YEARS' STANDING , 4 , n , C BY HOLLOWAY'S PILLS AND OINTMENT .- Mrs. Davis, sca m p the barracks at Cardiff, had a b a d b reas t, w hi c h , seven yea" fa r e : a bruise), commenced swelling, and ultimately five abscesses cote. discharging large quantities of humour, which no treatment t 4• cure. She was much debilitated in her health, indeed her:d tion seemed to be breaking up very fast. By chance she 011 :srit neighbour who was using Holloway's Pills and Ointment. ' - t iost id advised her to try them, which she did, and the result wa!,,, nine weeks her breast b e c ame as we ll as ever it was in her''"" eat. be had of a.l Drug g ists, an d a t P ro f essor H o ll oway ' s Egli 244. Strand, London. -dot BIRTHS. Ca m bed' On the 16th inst., at the P ar s onage , St. G eor ge's, well, the wife of the Rev. Samuel Smith, of a son. saf. On the 14th inst., at the Vicarage, Wickham-mar ket , folk, the wife of th e R ev . W ee d en B u tl er , of a danghr". of On the 15th inst., Mrs. Willi a m Le ver ton Donaldso n' Southampton-street, Bloomsbury-square, of a son- Gar On the 10th inst., at Chichester, the wife of Captain tavus Yonge, 2d (or Queen's Royal) Regiment, of On tae 15th inst., at No. 60, Strand, the wife of Nash, Esq., of a son. gr ° ' On the 15th inst., in Granville-square, Pentonvale, William George Roberts, of a daughter. MARRIED. gill" On the 12th inst., at Upper Brook-street chow% oa lf chester, Antonio Gallenga, Esq., of Parma, to Julie t ' daughter of Martin Schnuck, Esq., of Blanchesie DIED. f 0 Jort i° On the 6th inst., at Edgehill, Liverpool, Anne, wi. B J o Barton, Esq., of Buenos Ayres, and daughter of the late , ackinlay, Esq. .1 85 ' On the sth ult., at Turnham-green, Mrs. Cuthell. st ea d On the 10th inst., at Primrose-hill, Coventry, Ronalds, M.D., aged 59. On the 14th inst., Mr. John Patrick, of Somers-tol 11% Lon-on: Printed end Published by ALOUD° YOUNG. -‘ 4 2 2;010 and, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 113. strand, in the it. Av of the Savoy, in the County of Middlesex. Mototais 1547.