The Sun. — London, England, 1847-05-13 00:00:00

0 PUBLICA TIONS. Thursday, Ma, 13 1847. The SPIRIT of the TIMES ; or, THE sOCTAL REFORMER. UNIVERSAL' REGENERA 1.0. R; A JOURNAL of UNITY for ALL NATIONS, in SLY LANGUAGES. Printed side by side, the one the Translation of the other and of the Whole six; videlicet, ENGLISH—FRENC ll GERM AN—I/UTCH —SPANIsH_ITALIA N : being the Languages most universally . spoken in Promoting a communion of universal usefulness: whether this usefulness shall have been developed in the promotion of the in tellectual and social improvement, or of the benefits of pro , luctive genius and comforts wiatin a locality or nation, and for the Whole World, or for the advantages of the interchange ot these products through commerce. , • P art XVI. th e s i ze o f the " Times " Journa l , price 5d., With , Stamp for Posting. SAMPLE NUMBER. All Publishing Office, 13, Wellington-street North, Strand. c ommunications to be addressed to Mr. Luke James Hansard, I . old Palace-yad, Westminster. Jendi, 13 Mai, 1847.. R T2}7 .SPRIT des TE Ni S ; on, Le REFORMATEUR SOCIAL ; et EGENERATE UR U IVE RSA L; Journal de ItEUNIONS de TOUTES LES NATIONS, en SIX LNOLTAGES, Im Pran6es en regard et suivan\t I'esprit et le sans de chaetute d'elles . I, si que de toutes les six; savoir, —le franeAls—Palletnand —le ho llaudals—l'espagnole - et Pitalien ; qui soot les langues les plus en usage et les plus propres a repandre la communaute des liens t flit& universelle : levelop3,6 dans ;es progres !oeiaux, lea b.entaits du genie, et les commodaes plus en moms e tendues dans le monde enter, ou de nature a etre echangees par vole eul runerciale. XVI. livralson, formait du " prix 50 c., ave;; le timbre, LIVRAISON SPECLUE.N. B ureau de Publicatum, 13, Wellingt,m-strea North, Strand, Londres. Toutes communications doivent etre adressees a Mr. Luke James -Hansard, No. 1, Old Palace-yard, Westminster. Zraincrjtag, ben 13ien gai, 1847. • • (scift bet 3eit ; ober, bet 8 -Berbefferer beO gejefffci,aftliten 3iiilanbee. atifitmeintr itegtntrato r • 4 int Beitftrift ber a3ereinigung after 513 offer getribmet, in tedid raten, f anY)altenb bie llebertetung rrn dna Syr4e in bie anbere,— eitte bei ceeite,—nanifid? :in ng ti. 11)-5: r a ji f • tutf)-- , t)offeinbitd)—_-Epanift, unb 3tafianijcf), 1 1 4efieo bie am afigemeinfien rerbreiteten CSpraci)en fiub, in ber Viirberung bet @emeinftaft affgemeiner Tuttidjeit ; biefe plutlidgett mite in ber Zefiirberung geiNer ober gefelififyifi, lid)er serbeftrungen enbricieit irorben fern, ober Nail) bie • Morti)eife ber qrieugnife bed @hilted nub ber (Sientact)lid)feiten (comforio) bed t ebend, to bem i3ereic4 e;lteo a3e3irtO ober in . einem soffe unb in ber ganAen WienfOeit, der burd? bie Mortiyile bee gegenfeitigen Autlaufd)ed biefer (ir3eugnipe burd) ?I btfjei t u n g XVI. 3n bem aortnat ber " Zinted Beitung, 43reif 5 13fennige, (5 either 05rofdyn sreralifcl2 ‘ • mit einem Stempet fur freie sofi:%lerfenbung 13robeA3tatt. Terfauf:taben,l3, Oeffiqtott:,Street 9tcrtfj, etranb. %fie Ritttieitungen finb 3u ricf)tett an ,s"errn ufe ,`,l am aniarb, 1, Lib 43atace;;Parb, 9..Bejtminfter. Denderdag, 13 Mei, 1847. DE GEEST DES TIJDS ; OF DE 31..A.ATSCHAPPELIJICE HERVORMER ; ALGEME EN E HI4:R RSC E PPER; Een blad van VEREENIGING voot ALLE NATIEN, in Zes T alen, Nevens elkander gedrukt, elke kolom bevattende de vertaling der andere en der zes versehillenden, n am: EN GELSC R—FRAM SC H —DUITSCH —HOLLANDSCH SPAANSCH - ITALIAANSCH ; hide d e t alen die het meest algemeen worden gesproken ter bevor dering van bet algemeeue welzijn; hetzij dit welzijn zij vermeerderd door.de uitbreiding van geestelijken en maatschappelijken vooruit gang, of door de zegeningen van den scheppenden geest en der wel laart binnen naauwere grenzen of onder eene natie en voor het feheele menschdom, of door de voordeelen van den roil dezer voort- In tigselen door den It andel. A •VI Afdeeling, hetzelfde formaat als de " Times," prijs 25 cents. Ilezegea. PROEF BLAD. tritgegeven te Louden, 13, Wellington-street North, Strand. 411 c ommunication to addresseer aan den Meer Luke James Ilan "1.(1. 1, Old Palace Yard, Westminster. Tueves, 13 de Mayo, 1847. ESPIRITU DEL TIEMPO ; 6 EL REFORMADOR SOCIAL : E GENERADOR UNIVERSAL; '°w a Diario de Union, p ara TODAS LAS NACION , ES, en Seis impreso en columnas, cana una traducida en heis Lenguas !!aver la lent ua YNGLESA, FRANCESA, ALEMANA, /10L CASTELLANA, e ITALIANA, las que sen las mas gene rauente habladas, p ara promover una mutua utilidad, universal : se a seta utilidad desenrollada en el adelanto del entcndimiento, co d e rn ln ... ejp!as sociales en beneticio de los ganios productores 6 en las I,.._ndes, ya local es , ya un i verpeniques libre de poote. rte XVI, igual al " Times" en su tamano, su preclo cinco Peal qUes lib re de Porte. NUMERO DE MUESTRA. lititralolloidal.na de su Publlcacion, Numero 13, Calle de Wellington North, cothu nicacion sera dirigida al Senor Luke James Hansard, Old Palace-yard, Westminster. Glovedi di 3lgio, 1847. L O SPIRITO D EI TEMPI ; 13 ag 0, IL REFORMATORE SOCIAL E. R IG ENERATORE UNIVERSALE; Giontale di UNITA. per TUTTE LE NAZIONI, in St erol/at Set Lingue. i n _. e a colorine tutte di fronte, cinque son traduzioni del testo riine Huge sono INGLESE —FRANJESE—TEDESCA— Nr 424INGA— SPAGNUOLA—ITALIANA ; come quele he sono 41 _ uni_ versidernente atte a promuovere un' utiliti universale ; sia 2; _..una tale utillta debba derivare dal promuovere 11 miglioramento •.,cuettuale e sociale, sla the debba derivare dai benefliz d'un genio Dft dattiv it tn , _ IN a dai conforti in una nazione, o per tutto it mondo, o final. dal *6 Uai vantaggi del muttuo cambio di quest' prodottl, provenienti ertimercia. t: 4 • ll 'r XVI. Il sesto sara quellodel "Times Journal," prezzo 5 soldi, --• alta stiunpa postale. FASICOLO ESEMELARE. Le tf licio del Giornale, C 13, Wellington-street North, Strand. 1, oi c rkila b unicazioni son da dirigersi al Signor Luke James Hansard, ...........:Lalace-yard, Westminster. FLAX THE REMEDY FOR IRELAND'S DISTRESS. A Ju st published, price U. or s s . p er H un d red, for Distribution. . LETTER. to the EDITOR of the " TIMES " ) , L42( in (A l p u ril 23, 1847), on the IMPORTANCE of GROWING ELAND. By MIBERNICUS. London : Joseph Thomas, 1, Finch-lane, Combill. Dublin : J. S. alachen ; and E. J. Milliken. This Day is published, price Two Shillings. CASES OF CONSUMPTION, ASTHMA, Bronchitis, and various diseases of the Lungs, Air Passages, Throat and Heart, successfully treated by Medicated Inhalations. By ALFRED BEAUMONT HADDOCK, M.D. The cases and re marks are partly extracted from the Author's previous works, and are republished in a separate and cheap form, with the view of making more extensively known a plan of treatment, which is attended with great success, and is possessed of the utmost interest and importance, both to the profession and the public. Simpkln and Marshall, Paternoster•row, and may be obtained through any Bookseller in the United Kingdom. T HE RACES-LIGHT WEIGHT. ANTI-DUST, RAIN, &c. NICOLL'S PALETOT D'ETE, ONE GUINEA. 114, REGENT-STREET, and 22, CORNIIILL—not elsewhere in London. 'ROYAL MASONIC BENEVOLENT AN NUITY FUND for the BELIEF of POOR AGJD and INFIRM FRAEMASONS. A FESTIVAL will be holden at the FREEMASON'S HALL, on Warafxsnar, the 9th day of June, at Six o'clock precisely. The Right Hon. the EARL of ZETLAIID, M. W. G.M, in the Chair. Tickets, 15s. each, may be had of the Members of the Board of Stewards ; of the Grand Secretary ; and of Bro. W. Farraleld, Se cretary to the Institution, at the Grand Secretary's office. W. STEPHENSON, Hon. Secretary. Parliament-street, Westminster. ROYAL ORTHOPEDIC HOSPITAL, for the Cure of Club-foot, Lateral Curvature of the Spine, and all other Contractions and Deformities, 6, Bloomsbury-square. ,A SERMON in behalf of the above Charity will be preached in ""zlers-town Chapel, Seymour-street, Euston-square, on SUNDAY, i gkr 16th, 1847, by the Rev. EDW. REPTON, A.M., Minister of Chapel, Regent-street, and Prebendary of Westminster. Imre service will commence at 11 o'clock, after which a Collection ... ) rnade in aid of the funds of the Charity. LONDON to BOULOGNE.—The Commercial etx,___Stearn Company's favourite Vessels, CITY of BOULOGNE ' t latALD, wilt leave London-bridge Wharf:— Sunday, May 16, 11 morning. Sunday, May 23, 4 morning. Sunday, May 30, 10 morning. Ji.nd every succeeding Sunday, according to e. and Fish-street-hill ; 67 Lower Thames-street ; and Chap -3 Universal Office, Regent-circus. GENUINE EAU DE COLOGNE, Ro imported direct, and kept two years i n th e d ocks before sold. tr SS and SONS beg to say that in consequence of the spurious by llish thei n offerefor , they are induced to make known the sstem adopted that two years old. I n consequence of their enormous consumption t t hey are en a bl e d to sell the best at little more than is charged for the OUrious, the latter being as inferior as British brandy is to foreign. Pri ces—A single bottle, 3s. ; a case of six, 165.; six cases at once, 15s. per case, for cash only. Address ROSS and SONS,II9 and 120, BISHOPSGATE-STREET, LONDON. P.S.—They have still a few dozens left of some that has been Seven years in bond. DR. CULTERWELL on HEALTH, HAPPINESS, an 4 LONG LIFE. _ _ _ _ In volumes pocket Is. each, by post (In stamps), Is. 6d. each. H 0 TO BE HAPPY. Jumada Tivere."—Cle. WHAT to EAT, DRINK, and AVOID. (With Diet-tables for all Complaints.) a. MARRIAGE and its MYSTERIES. To:be, or not to be, that is the quLstiou."—Shakspeare. 4. The PASSIONS—Their ADTENT and CONTROL. " Curs ut yaleas." a T heaa publications are free ft•om empyrical mysticism, and are , t IPted to the intelligence of the times. hin o n be had of Sh e rwood , 23, Paternoster-row ; Mann, 39, Corn ., , arvalho, 147, Fleet-street; and all Booksellers, or direct from e Author, whose practice is exclusively devoted to home consulta- Ir . , Mornings till Th ree , an d i n th e Evenings from Seven till Nine, ,Lrgyie-place, liegent-street. ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTLI MATURITY. j i ,„, WITH TWENTY-FIVE COLOURED ENGRAVINGi. Published, Twentieth Thousand, in a scaled envelope, prp. t• 64 , Jr post paid, to any address, tor 3s. 6d. in Postage tarn Feet front the Author's residence. ELF. PRESERVATION : A Medical Treatise in + on the Scet Inflrmities and Disorders of Youth and Matur. . 1 , 11 U3 rated with T wen ty -tire Coloured Plates on the Anatoity y . ex i , ll°lo gY, and Dis ea s e : of the Urinary and Reproductive Orgai s, thetinilig their various structures, uses, and functions, and show:, g eg,....liUries that are produced in them, by solitary habits, NII , r D e bi es ' With Practical Observations on the Treatment or Nervo, g 41 11—‘reYtIriLac'eal and Constitutional Weakness, and other diAeas.... of SAMUEL Iok'MERT, CONSULTING SURGEON li l„.fitri t .,p, 9 , liedforn-street, Bedford-square, London; Jaen * . .ted Member or the University 01 Edinburgh, tionore AttotC r Of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiat, e taries' Hall. London, Ike, &c. , CONTENTS OP THE TREATISE. '. 1 40b1. .• On the Philosophy of Marriage, with its ilindran, 0114.....1gati0n5, and on Infelicitous and UnprodwAive I. Mon,. Orga,2. On the Anatomy and rhysiologs ot the Aten t Z' t ueir tunctionx, structures and secretions, provizi.: that of the hYstcal Power are dependant upon their healthy Alitisnm F ? co ... On Solitary causei various etiects n e"'Y ; the concealea ot Debility t ot s the +un:it . l . Ntent a i mach, Lungs, and Pram, and goner& weakness . 2 1 4 _11 11h,„ ae , u lties• CV/AFTER 4. On the Secret iiiSOrtiep. (I? lout atelit i d `graY, and the Tr eatment of Nervous ar.,) Loca the and Premature. Eecay.—CHAPTERS 5 aiil u. Gllt e s '"rutr" arisin g ,r om indis^re , diate Excess. Str ictures, sod . . ~The auto Q ate tieto mts trt xt,,,,, • Uf di ti es ° f bu'lY indii,:riguoi t . ,'ii ~n g, :,,'.,=, - ,7- than. h. ... ~ ''' -.' -, o e•noostratAo.., thr. c0rt.,N,,,, , ,. .4 k. , ,,,,,..”. let As , ._, nia„,, - ...total= warning' to youth And .., t urity . and h% •:, pe:4l: ques tions may h o sat i sfactorily repitcd to, that winuv p uh e li _ V ea to the most contdettnal friend."—Era. rota 8e La d by the Author, and may be .1 at Lis residence , als .I:4oiCent and Rieherti.i, 52, Pater/totter-row; flannay and Co., ti. 4M-street Starts, Tichborne-street. Qutdro.nt ; ';or, , :ou, 11 , ii ,6441141 treet. Lon(i.n : Niewt on ,9. ,•, t , 7r. , :tro ,,, r 7 ~" ' itil i .Y CI tiug Asellers... L.-, Ho,te 1-,),- ~ .1, , tra Li g ,„ . .. 4 aaa 4... ‘,...,:-. , .: • - ' ' ' 4 likat t. tor ki advice' ..- at.e.-3 11 . 61 ).EVii1J-bIA:i:41: itt.vi vf..ty- A.uttior's 1 ps tos,ter.,,, oL 'row, an or y tuts at/vv. at,tuta, tat i•cauttuq, i 421 I 2s. 6d. in postage sta. the st ~1 ,1. 1 ,11,t• and its pertwil t' , lls.ol IL 00 ho v e to the mind CI the p.iiiet“ . .." —Naval and Military t Published by the Author , , and may he had at their residence ; sold also by Strange, 21, caternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Mann, 39, C ,, rnhill, London ; solvlet, 4, , t. An n ' s - square, Man chester; PliEip, South Castle-street Liverpool ; Campbell, 146, Argyle-street, Glasgow ; Robinson, 11, Gretnside-street, Edinburgh; and in a sealed envelope by all booksellers. etritTN and CO. are to he con,tilted daily at their rest ti- -0 ny'orly. • - ~. ,„__.„,,........,..„....,...., "--. '1- •7. s , ..* '' v . ,', .. ' .- ",,,. .1' , , ' t...:,'... 7 ., • r. 1 7,0.) I. UNI ED KINGDON WATER COMPANY. Capital 500,0001, in 50,000 Shares of 101. each. Deposits 7s. fid. per Share. Provisionally Revistered, pursuant to 7th and Bth Victoria, chap. 110 , and Nott;:es, Succiticatiuns, &c.; for an Act of Incorporation served on the Woods, Forests, :and Land Revenues, pursuant to 9th and 10th Victoria, chap. 106. ARTESIAN ~li_E WELLINGTON SURTOUT CAUTION.—The great success of the wellington Surtont canseo several. unprincipled persons (against two of whom „ ~ , ding, have been commenced) to imitate this registerod coat, ; .atii,,ln.!h in a material derogatory to its reput a ti on, al l persons art h e warned that to make any garment (having sleeves) whether worn by mai, or female, WlTllttUr SLIOCT• .DER OR SLEEVE TOP 7.EA:11:4, whatever may be i s shape in other respects, is a direct infringement or the patentees designs, and gill in every case be visited by an action at law. ship. lam of opinion that if the navigation laws were re pealed, the quantity and amount of British tonnage world dscline. I can show the effect of competition on British shipping at Rio Janeiro. The port of Rio is open to the ships 'of all countries. In 1846, 635 vessels, mea suring 142,000 tons, entered that port w ith cargoes . O f that, number 105 were B r i t i s h s hi ps . measur i ng 23,262 tons; 158 were Americans, measuring 38.400 tons; 1 Argentine ; 74 Swedish, measuring 18,680 tons; 34 Austrian, measuring 10.131 tons; 14 Belgian, measur int; 3.654 tons; 36 Spanish, me4suring 6,637 tons; 10 Bremen, measur i ng 2,290 tons; 1 Chilian, measuring 167 tons; 58 Danish, measuring 12,149 tons; 54 Sardinian, measuring 8,628 tons ; 3 Dutch, measuring 481 tons ; 23 French, 8 Norwegians, 1 Oldenburgh, 44 Portu guese, 4 Prussians, and 7 Russians. The whole of the foreign ships measured upwards of 119,000 tons. During the same period 630 vessels left Rio with cargoes, only 67 of which were british, 28 Austrian, 18 Belgian, 15 Bremen, 54 Danis*, 2 Dutch, 22 French, 23 Hamburg, 3 Lubeck, 12 Neapolitan, 6 Norwegian, 45 Portuguese, 4 Prussian, 6 Russia n , 5 3 S ar di n i an , 17 Sp a nish, and 60 Sweetish. If the navigation laws were repealed, British ships' would b e as successfully competed with by foreigners' in our colonial trade as they are now in the trade with Rio. The principal articles of , sport from Rid are sugar and coffee, and the chief articles of import are flour and wine - the flour is generally 'brought from the United States, and the wine from Portugal.' They are brought in vessels that take in return cargoes. If we cannot compete with foreigners at Rio now, we could not hope to compete with them in our colonial trade, if the protection given by the navigation laws was done away with. The Go vernment requires us to take seven men and one boy for ever 100 tons in convict ships, and five men and ene boy for every 100 tons in emigrant ships. By Admiral Driias--We calculate the tonnage by the old measurement. Admiral Dundas-What is your opinion with regard to the general characters of the masters and mates in the merchant service? Mr. Dunbar-I think that they are a very respectable body of men. I am of opinion it is desirable that masters and mates should undergo a course of examination before entering upon service in their respective capacities; but I think it would be difficult to make a compulsory system. The masters and mates I myself employ all undergo an examination with the view of testing their ability in nautical affairs. By Mr. Liddell.-The average rate of wages given to able-bodied seamen in vessels trading to the East Indies is from 40s. to 455. per month, and the average rate given to the same class of men in ships trading to Canada and the north of Europe varies from 555. to 655. per month. I have taken these as the average rates for the last five years. Mr. Ricardo-Can you state the rate of wages given in any particular ship-say a ship of your own ? Mr. Dunbar-Yes. My ship the Rawales sailed a few weeks ago with passengers for Auckland. She is a ship of 635 tons according to the old measurement, and 740 tons according to the new. The captain's wages (I am now speaking fr om memory ) are 10/. per month ; but he has perquisites, 5/. per month for finding extras for his cabin, 2f p-r cent. on all the freight the ship earns, ana in case she carries passengers, as she did in this in stance, he " finds" them, and ailows me one-fourth of the profit. The chief mate gets 61. per month ; the second mate, 41. 10a; the third mate, 21. 15s. to 34; the steward, 2/. 15s. to 31.; the carpenter, 51. to 5/ 10s.; the boatswain, 31.; the cook, 2/. 15s. to 31. ; and the able seamen have 2/. each. To navigate the Ramalese there are required, besi les the captain, three mates, six petty officers, twelve able seamen, eleven ordinary seamen, and five apprentices, making a total of thirty-seven persons. I am perfectly satisfied with the ability and nautical skill of the captain and the officers of the ship, and I place every confidence in them. By Mr. Liddell.-I think that the rates of wages given to the officers and crew of the Ramales is as low as they could possibly be placed at, consistently with the position of the parties. Admiral Dundas-I qsk you, as a land sman , if you were going to America, and had the choice of two ships, differently officered, one by men who had undergone an examination by a board of nautical men, and the other commanded by persons who had not undergone any such course of examination-I ask you, which ship would you prefer sailing in ? Mr. Dunbar-If I knew the owners I would as soon sail in one as in the other. Admiral Dundas-That is not an answer. As a stranger to the owners, which ship would you choose to sail in ? Mr. Dunbar-I should say that I would go on board the vessel that was commanded by the officers whose nautical knowledge had been tested before the board. By Alderman Thompson-I always make strict in quiry with regard to the integrity and ability of masters and mates before I employ them. By Mr. Liddell.-During the last twelve months the lowest contract rate for taking out emigrants to our colonies was 10/ per head, and the highest rate was under 141. per head. By Admiral Dundas.-The Government require that the officers employed in taking out emigrants or convicts shall have p asse d an examination on nautical matters. By Mr. Lidd e ll -I very seldom send out my ships to Australia with th e expectation that they will get return freights w hi c h will pay me. When they cannot get freights At a remunerative rate I have always ordered remuneratingatrrate they that they shall no on to India. I have known ships to remain for three months, and even longer, at Sydney generally before they could get freights. The freight for wool has averaged frarn Id. to lid. per lb.; but that is g be et ath tafkreeigthhet ships; n d i n f by no means a re munerating rate ;-lid. per lb. would cargoes. By Alderman Thompson -I have never heard of foreign ships y being preferred to British ships at Aus tralia,_ India captains n s s e a c r a c ti h n o o cannot or at any of the other ports to which my vessels t in o trade. By Mr. Liddell --_I have heard of a few, very few, ships sailing from Bremen and Hamburgh with emigrants to the British co l onies; and I have been told that they are by no means as well provisioned as British emigrant ships. I was told that a Britishship sailed from France for Rio a few days ago, had board only a that they on a little meal and barley to feed the crew and passengers. Mr. Ricardo -Do you know this ? Mr. Dunbar -_I was informed of by the owner of the vessel, who i s i n this room, She it e is a vessel of 250 tons, and had 200 emigrants on board. She was not provided with a medicine chest, and only with the sort of food I have already described. By Mr. Liddell-T be Emigration Commissioners have made out a scale for the regulation of passengers, and the provisioning of thern. Under that scale the expense of providing each of the emigrants with water, medical comforts, and berths, amounts to from 71. Bs. to 7/. 12s. per head. By Mr. Ricardo -I do not think that foreign ships taking out emigrants to the British colonies are obliged to comply with the regulations of the Emigration Com missioners. By Mr. Liddell-I do not believe that emigrants can be conveyed from this country to Australia at a less ex pense than I have stated. By Mr. Villiers-I send my ships from Australia on to India in ballast, because I considered that lid. per lb. freight for wool would not remunerate me for my trouble and the outlay of my capital, but other parties are found who bring home wool at that rate. Mr. Ricardo --I believe that shipowners are not in the habit of doing anything without being paid for it. Mr. Dunbar-Yes, indeed, they are. I believe that the shipowners of England are the worst paid body in the country, taking into consideration their risks and eikpenses.-(A laugh.) .13y Sir G. Clerk-The shi andps 0.11 range in burden between SOO and 700 tons, are a very valuable class of ships. The reason why other shipowners bring wool from Australia at lid. per lb. is often in conse quence of their not having capital to send on their ships to India in search of a freight, and frequently because the captains have orders not to go further than the port to which the ship originally was outward bound with a cargo. I certainly have found it more advantageous to send my ships on to India than to let them bring home wool from Australia at a lower rate than lid. per lb. By Mr. Mitchell-Bringing home wool for led. per lb. freight would give some, but very small r emuneration to the ship owners. By Mr. Liddell-One penny and one-eighth per lb. for wool would amount to Si. per measurement ton; and then the expense of stowing, which is paid by the ship owner, amount amount s. per ton, which leaves only 31, 155., and that could not remunerate the ship. owner; it would take nearly 50 per cent. more adequately to pay him. My ships have frequently brought copp er ore from Australia. I have never heard of any difficulty in obtaining shipping there for exporting the reduce of the colony. However, from the quantity of ore that hs been discovered unexpectedly there, there may have been a so me temporary difficulty in obtaining ships to export it. I have never allowed my ships to wait in Australia for cargoes. I have desired that they should leave for India immediately, in case they did not get a certain amount of freight. My vessels have brought over cop ' per ore for four guineas a ton ; b ut I have known, within a few months, three vessels to have brought ore for 41. 12s. 6d. a ton. I presume the additional freight ence of the • I was given in consequincreased supply of ore in the colony. I 1 Mr. Ricardo-You do-Youbring ore for f our guineas per ton, and yet you require 61. ss. per ton for wool. How do account for that ? Mr. 111 ntsar-A ton of ore does not take up near half the space that a ton of wool does. A ton of ore does: not take up more than 17 square feet, whereas a ton of wool takes up about 50 square feet. Mr. Ricardo-How do you make that out ? Mr. Dunbar-You must knew that there is a great iifferenee berwsen a ton measurement i n loading a ship, atal a ion weight ; a ton weight of wool would occu 100 square test, Wool is thae a i n i a . .y a bett er cargo than ; ore, b e cause it is lip, I.terthe cargoes fr om Aus tralia are generally rnixed. but By Alderman Thompson-I should not take an entire cargo of copper ore-31. per to n f or copper. ore, and lid. per lb. for wool, would give a fair remunerating freight. By Mr. Ricardo-In point of fact, you require 14Z per 'On weight for Mr. Dunbar-Certainly ; hut..__ Mr Rseardu-I vely want you& o , ,va vi ew ui the question. PATRONS The Most Noble the Marquis 4 , f NORTHAMPTON, Belgrave-square The Right Hon. Lord Az:HLEY, Upp,r Brook -street, Grosvenor-sq TRUSTEES. Lord Chas. Beane'ere, Lowndes- Benjamin Bond Cabbell, Esq., street, Lownoes-square. M.P., Portland-place. Wiliam Alexander sPKinnon, Luke Jas. Hansard, Esq., South- Esq., M.P., Hyde-park-place. I amptou-st., Bloomsbury-sq. NANAGING DIRECTORS. Every genuale coat has a stamp bearing the royal arms, with a number indicative .f the size, also the name and address of the patentee, JAMES' FoUGERE, 6, CONDUIT-STREET, REGENT sTRE h.T, and 11, P• aLLTRY, near the Mansion-House, LONDON, to imitate which is felony. John Boni, Esq , M.D , M.R L and E., George-st., Portman-sq, }..ward Smith. Esq., R.N., John-street, Adelphi. Gerrard Barry, Esq., M.D., M R.C.S.L., Char7est-st., St. James's-sq. Jo hua Stoptbrd, Esq., East India Chambers, City. Charles Blunt, Esq., Montagu-place, Russell-square. William Henry Mayne, Esq., 31. D., M.R.C.S.L., Howland-street, Fitzroy-square. Ellis Price Sutton, Esq., Great Ormond-street. (With power to add to their number.) BANKERS. EAST INDIA HOUSE, MAY 12, 1847. THE COURT OF DIRECTORS OF THE EAST INDIA COM'P'ANY do hereby give Notice, That the RATE of INTEREST payable upon the Company's Bonds will be from 3/. lOs. per cent. per annum to 4/. 10s. per cent. per annum from and after THIS DAY. JAMES C. MELVILLE, Secretary. EAST INDIA HOUSE, MAY 12, 1847. , riIE COURT of DIRECTORS of the EAST A. INDIA COMPANY, do hereby give Notice, That a SPECIAL GENERAL COURT of the said COMPANY will be held at their House in Leadenhall-street, on WEDNESDAY the 26th instant, at E'even o'clock in the Forenoon, at the desire of nine Proprietors of East India Stock, as expressed in the following Letter, viz. : " To lie Honourable the Chairman and the Directors of the East India Company. " Honourable Sirs,—We, the undersigned Proprietors of East India Stock, request that your Honourable Court will convene a Special General Court of Proprietors, at the earliest convenient period, for the purpose of taking into consideration the acknowledgment re turned by the Board of Commissioners for the Affairs of India, to the Resolution passed by the Special General Court of Proprietors, held on the 25th March last, in order that the Court of Proprietors, hav ing due regard to the responsible trust vested in them by law, may determine upon th., course which it becomes them to adopt on this extrardinary occasion. " We have the honour to be, Honourable SP - s, " Your most obedient servants, " ARTHUR JAMES LEWIS. "JOHN BRIGGS. . " JOHN POYNDEB. " I. SULLIVAN. " JOSEPH HUME. " HOLT MAcKENZIE. " CHAS. FORBES. " ROBERT J. BAGSTIAW. " CHAS. GRANT." JAMES C. MELVILL, Secretary. London, May 8, 1847. London Joint-Stock Bank, Prince.4-street, Bank : Commercial Bank Lothbury. • SECRETARY—JOSIitIa Stopford. ASSISTANT-SECRETARY—Richard St. George Graham. 21, East India Chambers, Leadenhall•street. PROSPECTUS. _ _ ' When we look to the vast population, $:113 consider the eminence, the trade, the enterprise, the great manufacturing and coo - anemia! interests of this metropolis, it becomes a matter of no little surprise that the most active means have aot, long since, been taken to ob tain a better supply of water, and to get rid of the mud-and -water monopoly which has so grievott,ly existed for many years past. The subject is one upon which so much has been said, and such universal complaints made, that it is altogether unnecessary to dilate upon the crying evil, or to offer a single remark beyond that which is rendered so self-eVident to every disinterested and dispas sionate mind. Of the eight companies supplying London with water, the New River is the most extensive. It was constructed by Sir Hugh Mhpileton, at an expense of about 150,0001. When, in 1834, the public were much excited in corPequence of the bad water supplied, a Parliamentary inquiry on the sul&ct took place, and t2ommis. sieners were appointed... Front the evidence then given it speared that the capital invested by the New River Company was 1,116,91141., by the other Companies 2,127,595/., making a total of 3,224,5591. Although the New Silver Company paid an enormous bonus (300 per cent. on the paid-up capital) yearly to the shareholders, there was a balance o 157,2061. 10s. 6d. remaining, which :s snore than the ori ginal cost of construction. The average number of houses supplied In 1834, accordin_ to the minutes ot evidence, was 196,492, at the annual value of 276,2001„ about 1/. 10s. yearly per house. Pure water can be supplied for one-third that sum, and leave a profit, to the capitatst who invests in this speculation, more enormous than that of the New River Coin' any. Hence the opportunity has presented itself for the formation of a Company for the supdly of pure water at an inconsiderable Attlay, and upon those sure and unerring principles of Artesian Springs which have been so generally adopted on the Continent —unf,iling and =nieces •fully established to the satisfaction ot the most sceptical B EERSELLEIIS' ANNIVERSARY DINNER. THE THIRTEENTEI • ANNIVERSARY DINNER of the ME fROPOLITAN NEW PUBLICANS' PROTEt 'TIoN SOCIETY, will take place at White Conduit Tavern, Pentouville, on THURSDAY, August 5, 1847. The ANNUAL STEAM-BOAT EXCURSION to the RIVER MEDWAY, will tae place on TUESDAY, June 8, 1847. unite, 51, Threadneedle-street. J. BISHOP, Secretary. With reference to supplying London with pure spring water, let it be unders'ood, that the surface of chalk on which London is built re ceives and retains rain on an average of twenty-one inches per an num. This chalk-bed or basin has an extent of 12,500 sq are miles. Each square mile contain:, allowing one-third for evaporation, no less than 3,208,228 hogsheads of water per annum, or on a hundred square miles, one-twelfth of the surface, 320,822,800 hogsheads. The supply of water last year by the different companies was 314,553,012 hogs heads. Thus the London bed is capable of supplying more than twelve times the quantity needed, sufficient for all the towns in Great Britain and Ireland. So certain and conclusive have been the experiments tried, that the most successful result has attended every instance in procuring water upon the principle stated. The metal pipes, as now used by the London Water Companies will net be adopted by the United Kingdom Artesian Water Com pany. Glass, and some such tubes as cannot be corroded, will only be in use. The recent repeal of the duty on glass and porcelain make such pipes cheaper than metal. Shareholders shall be protected from all responsibility beyond the , actual amount of shares taken. SOUTH ON ACCIDENTS. Now ready, foolscap Bvo.. price Five with Woodcuts, HOUSEHOLD SURGERY; or, HINTS ON EMERGENCIES. Jiy JOHN F. SOUTH, Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital. EXTRACT FROM AUTHOR'S PREFACE. " The object of this work is to give some useful hints as to the means which all people have it in their power to employ when accidents happen which require immediate attention, and no medical man is at hand and cannot be obtained for hems. Such cases are n .ither few nor unimportant, and many serious consequences, nay, even death, may be prevented, if a ju licious person, having been put on the track, make use of the simple remedies almost every house affords," London : C. Cox, 12, King William-street, Strand. All applications for Shares must be addressed to the Secretary of the United Kingdom Artesian Water Company, at the Office, East India Chambers, Leadenhall-street, City, London. FORM OF APPLICATION F.:11 SHARES. Sir,—l hereby request you to allot ma Shares of 101. each in the United Kingdom Artesian Water Company ; and I gua rantee to pay, when called on, a deposit of 7s. 6d. per Share for such Shares, or any lesser number that you may eliot to rue, and to sign the deed of partnership when necessary. Residence•••• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • . Names of two Refereences, N ATIONAL LO XN FUND LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY, 26, CORNIIILL, LONDON, Capital £500,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament. This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured oa fill occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for feiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table); also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in terests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances for terms of years are granted at the lowest possible rates. LON DON, Tti t RSDAY MORNING SU NI PRICE SD. tt:.„ r I P , A • la " 24 "4t -e4 4.„ Lt . D IE 1:0 1 ? (rpa-g DR 011 • 47. ' I,l'l DIVISION OF PROFITS The remarkable success and increasing prosperity of the Society has enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a fourth bonus, varying from 35 to 85 per ce t. on the premiums paid on each Policy effected on the Profit scale. EXAMPLES. 7 ,:l 4- N ';' , l Bonus Bonus In . .g. a. g a Assured ma Premium. 4 • added. Cash. 1. , : 5' g may p 0 3 Borrow. oc. - -- - {- x £ e. d. 1837 £217 15 I£loo 0 11£16 0 4 £445 0 0 1838 192 3 0 87 1 41 13 10 2'' 395 11 1 60'1000 3 4 1839 165 11 10 1 74 1 91 11 3 1. 34 ,2 3 1840 116 7 6, 54 0 10, 718 10 296 13 4 1841 111 6 8; 49 10 01 710 4 247 4 3 The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in ,ecember of the present year. F. rEizsausox CA.MROUX, Secretary. MPANY THE EXPERIENCE LIF E ASSURANCE CO. Edinburgh, 15, George-street. London, 58, King Wiillana-street. Established 1843. Capital 300,0001. This Company's Tables are based upon the EXPERIENCE OF TIIE SEVEN lEEN LIFE OFFICES,as contained in the Report of their Mortality published in 1843. The Company embraces, is its constitution, the adva , itages of both the mutual and proprietary systems of Assurance. The SIIORT PE RI01) RATES Will be found, in comparison with other Companies, to be exceedingly favourable to Insurers, and the rates for the whole period of life as low as is consistent WITH PERFECT SE,URITY. For prospectuses, &c., apply at the offices as above, or to any of the Agents throughout the kingdom. By order of the Directors, T. YUILLE WARDROP, Secretary. EXTENSIVE AND VALUABLE LIBRARY OF THE LATE - - VENERABLE ARCHDEACON POTT. mESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and CO i Auctioneers of Literary Property and Works Illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their house, 3, Welling ton-street, Strand, on SATURDAY, May 15, 1847, and Six. following Days (Sunday excepted), at One o'clock precisely, The VALUABLE LIBRARY of the late Venerable ARCH DEACON JOSEPH lIOLDEN POTT, Chancellor of Exeter, Pre bendary of St. Paul's, and late Archdeacon of London, comprising a valuable Selection of Works in the various departments of Theology, Biblical Criticism, Classical and Historical Literature; also a very extensive assemblage of Controversial Tracts, Philo logical Disse , Cations, &c. &c. To be viewed on Thursday and Friday prior, and Catalogues had of Messrs. Parker, Oxford ; Deighton, Cambridee ; Langbridge, Bir mingham ; Hodges and Smith, Dublin ; Blackwood, Edinburgh ; and at the place of sale. STEAM to ABERDEEN, INVERNESS, and the NORTH of SCOTLAND. The Aberdeen Steam Navigation Company's splendid and power ful ships will start as under, weather, &c., permitting:— For ABERDEEN, the CITY OF LONDON, on Saturday, May 17, at Ten, Morning,. For INVERNESS, the DUKE OF SUTHERLAND (New Iron Steam-Ship), on Monday, May 24, at sine, morning, calling off Burghead, Invergordon, Cromarty, and Chanonry Point. Offices: Spread Eagle, Regent-circuf , , or 257, Wapping. CHARLES WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY, Agent. TO LADIES. ItOWLAN6'§ -- IcALYDOR an ORIENTAL BALSAMIC PREPARATION of singular efficacy in thoroughly purifying the Skin from all Pimples, Spots, Blotches, Redness, Freckles, Tan, and Discelourations, producing a healthy freshness and transparency of Complexion, and a softness and delicacy of the hands, arms, and neck. It is invaluable as a Renovating and Refreshing Wash in Travelling ; and In cases of Sunburn, Stings of Insects, or incidental Inflammation, its virtues have long and extensively been acknowledged. Its purifying and re freshing properties have obtained the exclusive patronage of the Queen, the Court, and the Ro3 al Family of Great Britain, an well as the principal Courts of Europe, and the most distinguished Nobility and Gentry of all civilised nations. ..* Beware of Spurious .` KALYDORS," containing mineral as tringents utterly ruinous to the complexion, and which, by their re pellent action, endanger health. Each bottle of the genuine has the words " ROWLANDS' KALYDOK" on the wrapper, and A. ROWLAND and S'ON, 20, Hatton-garden, is also enaraved (by desire of the Hon. Commissioners) on the Government Stamp affixed on each. Price 4s. 6d. and Bs. 6d. per bottle. _ _ _ Sold by the Proprietors, and by Chemists and Perftimers. CARSON'S ORIGINAL ANTI-CORROSION PAINT, specially patronised by the British and other Go vernments, the Honourable East India Company, the principal Dock Companies. most public bodies, and by the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for out-doo work at their country seats. The Anti- Corrosion is particularly recommended as the most durable out door paint ever invented, for the preservation of every description of iron, wood, s*one, brick, compo, cement, &c., work, as has been proved by the practical test of upwards of 60 years, and by the nu merous testimonials (between 300 and 400) in its favour, and which, from the rank and station in society of those who have given them, have, perhaps, never yet been equalled by anything of the kind hitherto brought before the public notice. Lists of prices, colours, and other particulars, will be forwarded on application to Walter Carson, 15, Tokenhouse-yard, back of the Bank of England. No agents. WRITING, BOOK-KEEPING, &c. Persons of any Age, however bad their Writing, may, in EIGHT LESSONS, acquire permanently an elegant and flowing style of Penmanship, adapted either to professional pursuits or pri vate correspondence. Arithmetic en a method requiring only one third the time usually requisite. Book-keeping, as practised in the Government, Banking, and Merchants' Offices. Short-hand, &c. Apply to Mr. SMART, at the Institution, 7, New-street, CON ent gard en. " Under Mr. Smart penmanship has been reduced to a science."- Polytechnic Journal. ON NERVOUS DEBILITY AND GENERATIVE DISEASES. JUST PUBLISHED, THE THIRTIETH THOUSAND, An Improved Edition, revised and corrected, 120 pages, priee 25., in a sealed enveloN, or forwarded, p-st-paid. to any address, secure from observation, for 2s Gd. in postage stamps, illustrated with numerous Anatomical Coloured Engravings, ANHO 0 D : 111 The Causes of its Premature Decline; with Plain Direc tions for its Perteet Restoration. A Medical Essay on those diseases of the generative organs, emanating from solitary and sedeatary habits. indiscriminate ex cesses, the ,:fle is el climate, and infection, &c , addressed to the sufferer In youth, man h ood, and old age ; with practical remarks on marriag,e, the treatment and cure of nervous and mental itnpoten,y, syphilis, and othe • iirino-genital diseases. by which even the most shattered constitution tugs be restored, and reach the full period of lin. allotted to man. The whale illustrated with numerous Anatomical Engravings (ni steel, in colour, explain ing the various functions, secretions, and structures of the reproduc tive oreans it health and disease; ,lull instructions for private cor respondence , By J. L. t 'LT rf S and o . Coirmltin! , Surgeons, 7, Frith-stre,t. t.• for fr,:, lip 0Y AL POLYTECHNIC IN sTrr u PION. v., LECTURES in illustration of ANIMAL MECHANISM, by T. Rymer Jones, Esq., F.R.S., Professor of Comparative Anatomy at King's College, on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at Half-past Three o'clock. On CHEMISTRY, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday Evenings, at Nine, by F. H. Holmes, E , q. On ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, and the Agents employed in its production, by Dr. Bach hoffner. Experiments with ARMSTRONG'S HYDRO-ELECTRIC MACHINE. The WORKING MODELS and MACHINERY ex plained. The varied Owical Effects include, New DISSOLVING VIE wS, the OXY-lIYDItOGEN MICROSCOPE, &c. EXPERI MENTS with the DIVER. and DIVING-BELL, &c., &c. The Evening MUSIC, under the direction of Dr. Wa111.3, commences at Saven o'clock. Admission Is. Schools, half-price. XETER- II AL L. A LECTURE on the BOSJIEMAN RACE (Pigmies) of SOUTHERN AFRICA, unquestionably the most extraordinary race of mankind, as well physically as intellectually, will be DELIVERED on the EVENING of MONDAY, the 17th inst., at Eight P.M., by ROBER f KNOX, M. tr., F.R.S.E., Corresponding Member of the Academie Royale de Mede cine, and Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology. This Lecture is particularly addressed to those interested in the exciting events new going on in South-Eastern Africa, in the Kaffir War, in the great question of race, and the probable extinction of the Aboriginal races, the progress of the Anglo-African Empire, and the all-important questions of Christian mission, and human civilization in that quarter of the globe. In illustration of the Lecture, Dr. Knox will introduce to the notice of the physiologist and man of science Five Bosjiemans, or Bush people—two males, two females and infant, the only specimens of this singular race of human beings that ever visited Europe. Admission : reserved seats and platform, 2s. 6d. ; body of the hall and west gallery, Is. Entrance to the platform and reserved seats from the Strand; to the body of the hall and west gallery from Exeter-street. Tickets may be had of Mr. Renshaw, Medical Book seller, 356, Strand; the Medical Times Office, Essex-street; and at the usual places. THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY EXIIII3I- TION of ABORIGINES EVER SEEN in EUROPE, landed in Liverpool by the brig Fanny, Captain Wheeler, and will be EXHIBITED, for the first time, at the EGYPTIAN HALL, Pic cadilly, early in the ensuing week. SOUTH AFRICAN ABORIGINES—TWO MEN, TWO WOMEN, and A BABY, of the BOSJIEMAN er BUSH TRIBE, from the interior of South Africa, a race that, from their wild habits, could never before be induced to visit a place of civilization. This oppor tunity of gratifying the man of science and the student in zoology has only been obtained by great personal exertion on the part of the gentlemen who have brought them to England, at an immense outlay of capital. On the passage to Europe a baby was born at sea, thus adding to the great interest that must be excited by their appearance. (From Moffatt, the Missionary's Work on Southern Africa, page 53.)' " Poor Bushman Thy hand has been against every one, and every one's hand against thee. For generations past they have been hunted like partridges in the mountains. Deprived of what nature had made their own, they became desperate, wild, fierce, and indo mitable in their habits. Hunger compels them to feed upon every thing edible. Ixias, wild garlic, mysembry antharnams, the core of aloes, gum of acarias, and other plants and berries, some of which are extremely unwholesome, constitute their fruits; whilst almost every kind of living creature is eagerly .devoured, lizards, locusts, and grasshoppers not excepted. The poisonous as well as innoxious serpents they roast and eat. They carefully extract their bags or s 'A e l e eth P u reservoirs of poison, with whi c h th ey cover t h e po i nts of their arrows." Africa, Campbell, and th ß e a vi ck ,o h r o ks us o e i Professor s a o n r d L m e o i c ff h a t t e t n , s s te ln's Travels For particulars of the habit s an d di spos i t i on o f the Bosjiemans, i3 l ar n C S h o el u t i Dr. Knox, on the Variety of the Human Race. Admission One Shilling, and Reserved Seats Two Shillings and Sixpence. HE COLLAPSIBLE SHOWER BATH,, — gie only real novelty of the season, by the aid of Vulcanised ,ndia-rubber, only occupies (out of use) a space of 11 inches diameter and 3 inches deep, while it holds three gallons of water. It is thoroughly simple, and rot likely to get out of order. Price 155.; if packed complete In a japanned case, 12 inches in diameter and 5 inches deep. 3s. 6d. extra. To be had of the proprietor and ma nufacturer, WILLIAM S. BURTON (late Rippon and Burton), whose BATH SHOW ROOM contains, besides toilet s, is japanned in imitation of fancy woods, china, marbles, &c., in enormous va riety, all the requisites for the season, so arranged in one room, de voted exclusively to articles of that character, that patterns, sizes, and sorts can be ittstant , y selected, and at thirty per cent. u der any other house where attention is paid to the quality. Full-sized Port able Sh. , wer Baths, very strong and japanned, with curtains and copper valve, Bs, each. Pillar Shower Baths, with copper conduct ing tubes, brass force-pump and top, complete with curtains and japanned, front 60s. Hand Shower Baths, japanned, 3s. 6d. The Omni-directive Bath Detailed catalogues, with engravings, as well as of every ironmongery article, sent (per post) free.-39, Oxford street (corner of Newman-street). Established in Wells-street, 1820. PEINCER'S CHINESE LIQUID HAIR DYE. The thousands of individuals who for upwards of twenty years have used this celebrated liquid, pronounce it to be the only article extant which effectually changes, in a few trnutes, red or grey hair, whiskers, moustaches, &c., to a dark brown or black, without trouble (by simply combing it through the hair), and pro duces by one application a pleasing and permanent change ; and it can be incontestibly proved, that while many dyes tend to destroy the hair by their pernicious properties and dangerous process of ap i.lication, that this article promotes the growth of hair, nourishing the roots till the latest period of life. Price 3s. 6d., 65., and lOs per bottle. To be had of the Proprietors, 29, Nottingham-place, Fieldgate 4reet, Whiteehapel-road, London ; also of Mr. Johnstone, 68, Corn bill ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; Prout, 229, Strand ; Sanger, 150, Oxford street; Barclay, Farringdon-street; Atkinson, 24, Old Bond street; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London bridge; Finnigin, Milsem-street, Bath ; Elmore, Bull-street, Birmingham ; and of mos Perfumers and Medicine Vendors in town and country. Sent to any Dart of the kingdom by receiving a remittance, poet-paid. Please to ask for " Spencer and Co.'s Chinese Liquid Hair Dye.' bserve, the Proprietor's address is on the wrapper. COMMIT TEE OF THE NA VI GA- TION LAWS. On Tuesday the Select Committee appointed by the House of Commons to inquire into the operation of the navigation laws met. The following Members were present :—Mr. Milner Gibson (chairman), Mr. Liddell, Admiral Dundas, Sir George Clerk, Mr. M'Carthy, Mr. Lyall, Sir R. Peel, Sir Howard Douglas, Mr. Bright, Alderman Thompson, Mr. Hume, Mr. Mitchell, and Mr. Ricardo. Mr. Liddell moved that Mr. George Frederick Young be summoned to attend and give evidence before the Committee on Thursday next.—Agreed to. Mr. Duncan Durbar was the first witness called and examined. By Mr. Liddell—l am chairman of the General Ship owners' Society, and I own several ships trading between this country, India,China, Australia, and the Cape of Good Hope. The average rate of freights during the last five years has been from the Cape, 31. las. 4d. per ton; from Bombay, 21. 17s. 7d.; from Madras, 3/. 4s. 4d.; from sirgapore, 2/. 19s. 10d.; from China, 41. 3s. 7d.; from Sydney, ld. to lid. per lb. for wool; and for copper ore from 70s. to 84s. per ton. A good ship cannot be built, coppered, and rendered fit for sea in this country under from 201. to 211. per ton old measure. It requires the strictest economy and care on the part of the British shipowi ers to get a profit out of the freights they are in the habit of receiving. Mr. Liddell—What is the effect you consider the navgation laws have on the employment of British shipping ? _ Mr. Dunbar—l fancy that the navigation laws give no protection in certain ports, especially in our own colo nies. They prevent foreigners flora competing with us. If foreigners were allowed to compete with us in the carrying trade with the British possessions, the effect would be ruinous to the British shipowners. I consider that if the navigation laws were repealed, the property of the ship owners in ibis country would be immediately depreciated at least 35 per cent. in value ; and myself and many others would consequently be driven out of the train/. I believe that the repval of the navigation laws would not only he injurious to myself and the class with whom I -in 4..,0• ee.A, but that such a measure would operate on the interests of the people at large. It Woul.l, f,:r example, cause a vast number of the persons who ace at present engaged in sail-making, as s h ip • verights and the other artisans connected with the shipping trade to be thrown out of employment ; cud even the sailors' wages, instead of being spent in this country, would be, to a great extent, taken a b roa d, as t•c II as the money paid for freights. I believe that the those aws would have the effect of epreciating ti , •‘ atilt and 01 c •urt,ae, whatever t ,„ ,;: coust It would be like a rich man taking a poor man into partner- .:411111 ' r'N• • Mr. Alderman Thompson—l certainly must complain I of the way in which Mr. Dunbar has been cross examined. He is anxious to give to the committee every information in his power on this subject, but attempts have been made to torture his meanings into a different shape Sir R. Peel —I think the witness is desirous of afford ing us a great deal of information, and the best way of getting it correctly will be to allow one gentleman at a time to put questions to him. Mr. Ricardo—l only wish to have an answer to my question--whether the witness does not require 141. per ton to pay him for bringing wool from Australia ? Mr. Dunbar—l repeat that I do. Mr. Alderman Thompson—Why, he answered that question before ; but Mr. Bfcardo confuses our case by calculating the freights of wool by the ton instead of by the pound, according to the usual practice. By Mr. Bright—Australian wool is pressed into nearly the same bounds as Indian cotton. By Mr. Liddell—The expense of stowing a cargo of wool is lower now than it was formerly-ss. 6d. per bale, each averaging from 240 to 2801bs. The lashings of the bales are brought from Manilla, and cost about 701. per ton; and that, as well as the expense of strain ing, is always paid by the shipowners. If a merchant here charters a ship to bring a cargo from Australia, he will get her at a much lower rate than if she went out and ran the chance of obtaining a return cargo. Ido not think there is any scarcity of ships at Batavia at present. There are plenty of ♦essels lying at the ports of Australia, and Batavia, being only 28 days' sail from there, I do not think there can be any scarcity of ship ping in that quarter. 1 do not believe that the Australian people have had any reason to complain of the want of ships to export their produce; on the contrary, I think the shipowners have had reason to complain of not being supplied with freights. Mr. Liddell—What do you consider the effect on British shipping would be if permission were• given to import the produce of America from the ports of Europe ? Mr: Dunbar—Wh y , we wou l d lose what is called the " long voy ages ." F oreign ships would bring the Ame rican produce to the Continent, and our steamers would have to bring it over here when the prices were higher in the English markets than in the foreign; and the effect would be to drive the British shipping out of the long voyage trade to a great extent. I believe, if we were driven out of the trade, which we inevitably would be if the navigation laws were repealed, that the foreigners who would supply our places would, in the course of a short time, raise their rates of freight to the old standard rate. Mr. Ricardo—And then it would be competent to the British shipowner to go back to his old profession or trade?-•-(A laugh.) Mr. Dunbar--I doubt that. By Sir G. Clerk—The removal of the navigation laws, so far as they affect the foreign shipping trade, would, in my opinion, be injurious to the British shipowners, be cause it would interfere with the long-voyage freights. By Admiral Dundas—l think that the coasting-trade service is the best nursery for British seamen; and that it is necessary to keep up that service for the due pro tection of the British empire. By the Chairman—British shipbuilders are not pre vented from building ships in foreign countries; but I acknowledge that it would be best for us to buy ships at those places where we can build them cheapest. I would not, however, wish for a repeal of that part of the na vigation laws which prevents us from building ships in England as cheaply as in foreign countries. After a short cross-examination of the witness by Mr. Ricardo, the Committee adjourned till Thursday (this day). THE ALLEGED PIRATES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE WESTERN TIDIES. Honoured Sir—We the undersigned, crew of the James Campbell, of Glasgow (now lying in Devon county gaol, to stand our trial at the coming assizes upon a foul charge of piracy, mutiny, and assault), re spectfully request, if you deem it worthy, to insert our defence in your extensively published columns. As there has not appeared in any one of the public journals in England any other than a partial view of the case, we wish the public, through your columns, to know our reasons for putting the master in irons, and returning home with th e s hip ; a l so t h e apparent determination of the magistrates to commit us, notwithstanding the evi dence on the part of the prosecution saying nothing more nor less than what our charge against the captain would have been if the magistrates would have heard our charge. In fact, the evidence maintained that they were dreadfully kightened at the outrage committed by the master, and were afraid of their lives also. On Sunday, 28th March last, about eleven o'clock, a.m., it being the chief mate's watch upon deck, the master desired the chief mate, Mr. Rose, to loose one of the steering sails to dry. The chief mate desired his watch to do so, which they did with alacrity—notwith standing it being Sunday, and unnecessary work. The mate, Mr. Rose, then asked if the master wished the others loosed also. He replied, certainly. It was ac cordingly put into execution—the men working with a will, to gratify his wishes, without grumbling as to its being Sunday and unnecessary work, which sorely dis appointed the master. He commenced walking the quarter-deck, and seeing the man's eyes towards the ship's bead who was steering the vessel, which is always more requisite to a good sailor in clear weather than the compass, he asked the man what the he was looking at. The man replied, nothing, sir. He called him a liar and other opprobrious names. He then desired Mr. Rose, the mate, to send another man to the helm, which was accordingly done. As soon as the man was re lieved, he commenced shoving him and abusing him in language that it would be a pity to shock you with a recital of it—the archfiend from hell would blush to hear such shocking language. He then viciously ordered the man to get grease and grease the masts. The man refused to do so, as it was Sund a y, an d t h e masts h a d been greased the evening before. He then ordered him to lay aloft and light home the main top-gallant sheet. which the man did. As soon as the man came down from aloft he commenced abusing him, calling him damn trash, pig's bristles, &c. &c. He then desir e d M r . R ose , the mate, to s en d ahand to grease tho masts. The mate sent the boy, as the men were busy spreading the sails. He asked the mate whom he had sent ; the mate said the boy. Ile told the mate to send a man. The mate then asked the men severally; they objected to go, as it was a boy's place. It was Sunday, the masts were greased the -evening previous, and it was unnecessary. He then de sired the mate to call all hands, thus depriving the poor fellows who were below in their beds from enjoying that rest which they so much required, as they had been on deck eight hours that night ; however, they were called and asked. They also objected, as there were boys in the ship, and the masts were greased the evening before. rhe master then went aft. swearing he would have some of the lives yet. He then came forward, carry ing a naked endue in his hand, swearing the first ***** that would dare to prevent (the beef which was for the men's dinner, and which he had ordered to be taken aft), it, he would knock his brains out— at the same time flourishing his sword, and striking a cask, as much as to show what effect it would have upon their heads. Not satisfied with the cook saying the beef was all out of the coppers, he desired the mate, Mr. Rose, to go into the galley, and see whether it was all out or not. That being done, he went aft swearing he would be the death of some of them before they should get out. The crew all the' time mute—and saying nothing. He went aft and sung out to put the ship about. The men all assisted—and when the ship was about, he called all hands aft, and insisted upon the men greasing the masts. r They all said no, and requested him to put back with the -ship, as they could not think of proceeding on the voyage with him, after the manner in which he had threatened their lives. He would not. They went below, and the c a pt a i n and myself we n t d own to d i nner about four o'clock p.m. The crew came aft, and re quested, in a respectful manner, the master to put back with the ship, as they considered their lives in danger, and from th e manner in which he had threatened their' lives, and from his actions that day, the) a - could not say what the re su l t m i ght be on so I.ong would not do s o: th ey then seized him, and 3. m g a e d . e h . 6 fast, and con fi ne d him to his room, placing a watch overn the door, so that whatever he would wish for by day or by night he should have, when called for. The crew then requested that I should take charge of the ship, and fetch the first port that the wind would permit in England. I, the mate, remonstrated, and wished to fetch Madeira, Brazils, or one of the West India Island s , as either would lay on o u r tra c k o u t. Th e crew preferred returning home—as the wind was foul to proceed, and fair to return. Moreover, by seeking the protection of their country's laws, it would prove they were not piratically or mutinously inclined : and fur ther, if they should proceed and meet with any ship bound to Britain, it would be surmised that they in tended to run away with the ship and cargo, which, I am sorry to say, appeared in last week's papers in Glasgow. I, therefore, considering it for the benefit of the shipowners, merchant owners of the cargo, and the underwriters, undertook to carry her home. The wind being fair, I anticipated making the Lizard in three days, as at that time we were twenty-two days out, and at no greater distance than 450 miles from the Lizard. On Thursday, the Bth of April, we were boarded by the pilot, three leagues off Dodman Point, it bearing N. by W. from ship, and about thirty miles distant from Plymouth, as at the master's request I made Plymouth. About eleven o'clock, A.N., we brought up in Plymouth Sound, and I went ashore to report the ship to Lloyd's agent, (Mr. Collier,) who observed, (upon being told it was the same cap tain who had been committed to Newgate for six months for cruelty,) have they allowed that man to take charge of a ship? But as soon as he was told that the captain's brother was part owner, the tables turned. He then said the crew were wrong , and that he must be l i b erate d immediately, however, he desired his clerk t o go along with me, a,ud see what his attorney would say, desiring his clerk to say he should be in a ll morn i ng. Mr. Edmonds, his attorn e y , s a i d that the men at least ought to have submitted to have had an ear cut off before they were justified in putting him i in irons ; ho wever , Mr. Edmonds and Mr. Collier met n private, and Mr. Collier being a magistrate, sent a constable off to libe rate the captain. The crew thinking he was taken in charge, were glad, and two of their number wont ashore t h e nex t moreing, to pre! r e e , } • , gu i nst , to 0, jiliglStrat bus- :hey could not see tin: magis trates before eleven o'clock, thus they were detained MAY 13, 1847. the deeds of misguided and dreadful men against their fellow creatures—whore murder is rife, and robbery but until Mr. Edmonds and the captain charged them with piracy, rawiny, and assault. A note was sent to me on board, requesting me to bring the crew on shore, as the , magistrates could not enter into the case until all hands were present. As soon as we arrived at the Court, all hands ( except the steward and myself, the chief mate), were charged as above—we were kept by as witnesses for the prosecution, and were d sired by the town clerk to appear next Tuesday, at eleven o'clock. We went on board and remained until Tuesday, when we repaired to the court, and were given in charge by the shipbroker and the captain in the police house. It appears their reason for so doing was from seeing my log book that the truth would not answer their purpose—they gave myself and ste war d i n charge up , n suspicion—thus depriving the men from benefitting from our evidence. And what is very singular, the only boy who had seen the whole transaction on board they would not produce him as a witness—but two who had seen but little of it. The reason is this—they {the prosecutors) had all the boys ashore at their office, examining, and as the two acknowledged to us after our commitment, had been schooled previous to coming into court. And what is so singular, during the time that the counsel for the prosecution (Mr. Collier's son), was examining the boy, the magistrate should complain of the boy being so reluctant in giving his evidence. He seemed to favour the defence, but little did the magistrates think that the boy had been schooled by the prosecution; no wonder the counsel and his attorneys blushed, if the magistrate had known, we believe from appearances he would have said nothing, for when Mr. Collier several times threatened the boy that he woul be put with the prisoners and transported, if he did not speak out, our attorney (Mr. Herring) objected to it ; but the magis trates said Mr. Collier was quite right, he only wished to elicit the truth, and that our attorney had been al lowed more latitude than was proper. Our chests were broken opeu, and our note-books, old accounts, slates, on which was a copy of letters to our wives, and every thing that had the appearance of scribbling was taken from us, and we could get no redress. Part of our clothes has been taken to sea in the ship, and are los to us. (Signed) GEORGE ROSE, chief mate. John Harults, second mate. I Robert Craig, seaman. Rich. Th os . L ang, seaman. Daniel M'Lean, seaman. Thomas Statton, seaman. James Nettles,k steward John 111 Pee, seaman. Robert Wright, seaman. John Shelton, seaman. Charles Moffet, seaman. EMIGRATION to the SOUTHERN COLONIES. (From the Bury Herald.) [BY AL. w.l [The following observations are written by a gentle. man formerly an i n h a b itant of Bury, who has spent many intervening years in the colonies. Plainly and candidly written, his " short and simple annals" may not prove unacceptable to those contemplating a departure from their n a ti ve l an d , or to others who fuel an interest in the welfare of our adventurous emigrants.—En.) It must be admitted by all classes of society that the possession of such vast countries as those we hold in the southern hemisphere is of the first moment, but it un- I fortunately happens that either from a want of local knowledge by most writers on emigration, or from inca pacity, they have hitherto been entirely misrepresented, and the benefits and advantages they actually possess spoken of in a cursory and unsatisfactory manner. The object of such others seems merely to write a book, de scribing scenes they never saw, and manners they never witnessed. F or th e rest, t h e c li mate of a country in the farthest zone can be ascertained by the most limited geographical research, and the valuable but abstruse "Iliuts on Emigration" is completed, published, and sold. And what is the result? The Emigrants is duped, and unfortunately, in too many instances, ruined. It is my opinion that the more concise and simple the manner in which a strange country is described the better; a very elaborate strain will doubtless be more gratifying to a reader, but to the man who is choosing his future home and bidding adieu to his old roof tree, what can supply the simple truth? The great mass of the English population have, I believe, no distinct idea of the under taking they have entered into until they are deposited on the shores of the promised land. Then it is they see that the exchange has not proved so beneficial as they anticipated; they find that they have thrown away a home, and in most in stances, compartive comf or t, f or a doubtful existence and a residence in a f ar country amongst strangers. The most eligible spot hith erto f or emigration has unques tionably been Australia Felix, but as the stream was directed there so i n di scr i m i nately and with such want of judgment by the emigration agents, the result has been too gre a t an i n fl ux of labour; preventing thus the emigrant from obtaining more certain or profitable em ployment than he would have done in the mother country. Indeed, in many instances, the surplus labour introduced has been so great that respectable and clever mechanics have been compelled for the support of their families to accept with gratitude such employment as offered in the interior, in the shape of hut-keepers and shepherds. at wages averaging from 151. to 201. per annum, with a ration of food for one person. I have known this to occur to young men of first-rate ability and good introductions: men qualified by their educa tion and their birth to hold respectable positions in society. This being the case in Port Philip—the very scene for emigration, what could be expected of the neighbouring colonies of Sydney and Van Diemen's Land? Both of these had the advantage against the introduction of free labour from possessing such vast quantities of convict labour ; not indeed at a cheaper rate, for the convicts available as servants de mand in some cases higher wages than the emigrant ; but, on the other hand, he makes generally a better ser vant, from his better knowledge of the country he lives in. This must tend, of c ou r s e, to militate against the new-comer, and his steps should on no account be directed to such countries as are under p ena l jurisdic tion ; not only because the chances of employment are less, but that his moral condition suffers greatly from association with the emancipated f e lon s h e is continually thrown amongst. It sometimes happens that m an y otherwise virtuous p eo pl e are l e d into crime and become a burden to themselves and a pest to society. The ge neral opinion held by emancipists and men in bondage is that of ill-will against the emigrant ;ho (the emi grant) is looked upon as an interloper, for the fact of his introduction to the colony must lessen the demand, and consequently the price of labour. The result is a dead set against him, ard this proves a most unhappy feeling, for, should the emigrant obtain employment with his family in the Bush, which is at best but a perfect wilderness, and be subjected to the wanton injury that class of men can cause him, his life is at ything but contented, secure, or happy. In the palmy days of Port Philip, that is in the year 1840, the period I first visited it, things were much better ; the introduc tion of labour was then slow, and much below the penal demand ; few emancipists had found their way then overland from Sydney or from the neighbouring island of Van Diemen's Land; and employment was offered to all classes, at a high remuneration. So far things pro mised well for the prosperity of the colony, but this ap parent advance to prosperity was but the prelude to the fearful events which followed, for in 1844, 1845, and the year 1846, so great had b een th e introduction labour, that many, very many, were offering their work for food alone ; and tho se p ersons w h o h a d previously been in a position to give them employment were . bank rupts and giving up thei r es t a bl is h men t s I n of the present year (1846) I met a gentleman in Sydney who had just arrived from Melbourne, Port Philip ; he had been in business there for many years, a mer chant, a most intelligent and honourable man (Mr. K—), generally respected and patronised. Ile told me that business had got so bad that he could not even make a living ; how, then, could the poor labourer or mechanic? Who was to employ him —or, when em ployed, who pay him ? Th e c h ances were ten to one that if he did get empl o y e d b y the time he had finished his work his employer was bankrupt and his hard-earned wages paid at the rate of three-halfpence in the pound. These circumst aucas prove with certainty the fact of colonisation being anything but the bright goal of success usually represented, and urge the necessity on the part of the intending emigrant to give some con sideration to the ma tt er . Th e island of Van Diemen's Land being entirely under penal jurisdiction should on no account be thought of for the reasons already de scribed. Sydney, New South Wales, is also a penal government, but as there has been a vast introduction of free labour, the town and its immediate vicinity does not smack so much of convictisin. It would be absurd, how ever, for an emigrant of any class or denomination, from a tinker to an accountant, to proceed to New South Wales in the hope of being employed at Sydney. When he arrives, if he does get an offer of employment, it will be, whether he be gentle or simple, as a shepherd or hut-keeper 500 or 600 miles in the inte rior at th e y ear l y wages o f 1 51. Thisis very d eploy • able, but nevertheless true ; and, added to this, the fol lowingman what fa c facts I cautionthink shouldwi l b f fully nays used in thence t any ep reasonableofeiai emigrat ing. r a t . ing. In the early part of the present year a ship ar rived at Port Jackson, from Hobart Town, Van Die men's Land, with a large quantity of men on board termed probationists ; this term, it appears, is applied to them on the following principle :—Van Diemen's Land had become so paralysed and stagnated that sup port and employment could not be afforded quantities of heier;acietoesndvoicmftteplinaopitguolraatptiiron. The consequence to v as t the adjacent by was that this s C il )c( e lv d a s to at t t allowing emanc p colony under the probation system thus easing herself into ' New . South NN , ales a their support, and disgorging further train of crime and filth ith which . that colony was already surcharged. As furtherw supplies of these men arrived i n N ew South Wales, and further shipments were announced in the Australian journals of last April to be exp . ete d weekly so w e o re u d ld fa t i b l e sti miserable low pittance of 151. per year off then and the com monwealth of scciety in whi c h ' the humble' Lirititi emigrant would have to move. would daily h°- come more contaminated. I can speak as a fact that some of these men wh o h a d arrived in prior shipments had not been living at th e stat i ons on which they were emp l oye d in the interior many weeks before they placed On L ."! side all restra i nt, violated their agreements. and 3", e er putting their employ e r s at d e fi ance , d e camped intotn Bush ulti ma t e ly, aga i n to b ecome B us h ran gers and a d tr e a r s e e r i s i . m i Should f aarn man,and y md vvll wild knowing ßua h or these Au s tr 00,, seats t r 0 mur. has a by-word—should he, I say, advise the humble virtuous peasantry of his own soil to seolc a home in s scenes, or paint a vast and desolate plain of sand • fertile spot, a land flowing with milk and honey? I'. such a man would be, in my opinion, but fit to be a a. bationist. Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales, 2. has a large commerce and an extensive shipping inter, it also h as l arge exports in the shape of wool, oil, bi bark, coal, copper, manganese, &c. &c., and a la intercolonial traffic yielding both profit and labour. small quantity of grain is produced in New South WO but it never will become a grain country, although districts of Port Philip, Australia Felix, and So Australia, produce large quantities. The settlements the western side of the continent, including Swan Ri' &c., are, 4I have been informed, better calculated agriculture, but at present that portion of the colon very thinly populated by Europeans. The most fertile and advantageous part of the wl continent to which emigration could be now direete. on the north-east side, which takes an immense ext of country, and forms Torres Straits. This vast er constitutes the very best part of the whole continent, the climate within the limits of Moreton 133 y and 1 Essington, a tract embracing hundreds of mil es , i s 1 , fine, and a great proportion of the soil fertile tie) description. It possesses the beauties of a tropical ' mate without the baleful diseases which invariably at t those climes. All the rarer and richer fruits and si tation are abundant, and the sugar cane, tea, shrub, ton, and rico plants, cocoa nut, Banana, and Upas t, arrive at full and rapid perfection. The Islands with which Torres Straits are studded full of luxu r i an t vegetat i on an d a t present remai n tirely uninhabited. From their proximity to the re land, in many cases being less than a quarter of a t, from it, they could easily be made by industrious pei valuable homes ; the waters of the Straits yield al dance of fish and turtle, thus insuring food, and f' the valuable productions of the choral banks in the shi of sea slug (Beche le mer, tortoiseshell, and pea large profits could also be derived. This being the roi chosen by ships proceeding from the South to the EL a continual intercourse and exchange would be kept between them and the Strait settler ; these ships woe also gladly avail themselves of the knowledge of a t intelligent persons, who from their residence in et• Straits, were acquainted with the intricacies of its eta: gation, and reward them liberally for such informati'3 l and guidance. Added to this, poultry, vegetables, & could be, supplied to all these ships at a large amount profit. It may be argued against this advice, that the in' curity of settling upon these islands from the attacks • the natives of New Guinea prevents its practicabili ' but I speak from personal experience, having visited ti spot dui ing the present year. I believe from that sour there would be little cause for the emigrant t. fear. : do not advocate that a solitary family should at first for • these settlements, but in the event of twenty ind.vidu: settling upon an i,land, there is little, vet.) little can of fear from the encroachments of any of the Abo., g• ines As proof of this, a g entlem..n I well know, I cated himself on one of the islands for the collectiic the slug which brines a price of 1201. per ton in te C dnese market. He had with him to carry on le slug fishing ten or teethe Javanese, and these we arme 1 with three or tour rusty muskets. One fit: day a party of the New Guinea-ites came pounce up them in their little retreat, but Mr. R. was up and read and the rusty muskets and the half score of frighten. Javanese sent them scampering into th it Proas double quick time. after this, continued his fisli jug. and his occupation of any of the islands he chos.; unmolested. O n t h e proposed extension of steam nave gation to the South, these Straits will be the r‘u . . chosen, and the consequence is their importance min be greatly augmented by that means. The neighbouring settlement of Port Essington is . • the Northern entrance of the Straits, and is at preset'. but a military post occupied by 40 or 50 marines and the command of Captain M'Arthur. The importan of the position, however, I have no doubt has ere ti met the eye of the Legislature, and it is rumoured th Government Emigration is about to be immediately i,' rested to it—such a proceeding will, in my opi n i on, attended with benefit, an d the emigrant, on arrivit t there, i istead of rubbing shoulders with felons, can a; 4 p. eciate the blessings of an honest name. He nu , nave to struggle with difficulties, but who in this wor; of trouble has not ? And is it not better for him to I • 'neath the roof of his own humble home secure in fl own honesty, than a resident in that country where inhabitants exclaim— " True patriots we, for be it understood We left our country for our country's good." In reference to the South of Australia or Adelaide, 't have not visited th at part of the colony, and canrot speak from personal observation, but in the event of tl emigrant persisting in proceeding to any of the coloni in the southern part of the continent, I should advis from all I could glean while I was in Sydney, that h steps should be directed to Adelaide in preference t to Sydney or Port Philip, as offering the best chance . employment and tolerable comfort, and from being mere fertile and less tainted with convictism, is the best spot • choose on the southern part of con inent. However, n advice is, while there is such a noble field open as 0 one I shall now endeavour faintly to describe, not venture near South or Western Australia at all. POSITION OF THE ENGLIS7 PRESBYTERIAN OR UNITARIAN DISSE TERS, IN REFERENCE TO THE EDUCATIU QUES LION. 'I he position of this body of Dissenters generally, reference to the late proceedings on the Minutes Council on Education, has been essentially a false or i• The body in Leeds (at least considerable numbers of . including their minister), seem to have been precipitatel: and (as they appear to consider themselves) irrevocab forced into a certain attitude of differences with the op position to the minutes which there sprang up. For ye. past an opinion in favour of national education had gaine'e strength by the Unitarian body ; one among other sign of the decline of the Nonconformist spirit among ther That decline has now been fatly and lamentably r vealed. The Leeds demonstration of dereliction was b: an accident, though the precursor of others ; and ve generally throughout the body Unitarians have pe denied in favour of the Government scheme. The. have been, however, a few exceptions—exceptions, to? of ministers opposing the Minutes, whil e mem b ers their congreg a ti ons have been favourable to them, az , even petitioned in their behalf. What now has been t false position of Unitarian Dissenters who have bet favourable to the Minutes ? In their zeal for edueati,,' they have sacrificed their distinctive Nonconfortni principle—the root of all their glory above all other r, iigious holies; to their friends a sorrow, to their enemi 3 triumph—to their fellow-Dissenters a broken reed a losing of victory in the hour of expected confidence a • triumph. They sacrificed the Nonconformist princip Not to dwell on their openly sanctioning and aski for a measure bearing in its front undeniable ati , very extensive strengthening of the existing Cher establishment, and that through the minds of ingenue outh, they were themselves met with their once dread, and conscientiously denied entrat:ce of civil power it their own re ligion. Parry and explain it as they me: the thing is plain on the Minutes' face; and the wle course of the debate has brought it out in more ugly at glaring colours. Religion must 1)a provided for, or GI : vernment would and could do nothing. This reitera argument was all iu all with the main supp:zters of t!: Minutes in the lion 6. But more humiliating discoveries remained. The '1 famous exclusion of the Catholics had some retributi in it, on what modicum or Nonconformity remained • consenting Unitarians. The daily reading of a portic of Scripture meant the imposition of the authoris . , English version. Mr. Higginson, of Wakefield, (w:t, has been the chief Unitarian writer for the Minutt , forthwith arose in the Chronicle, and said it could' , mean so. Lord John Russ' It said it did and it shoul And so Mr. Higginson and his part% are left to jud i whether they have been wrong in their first false an t and may haply retrace it ; or whether, having welcome a Government Inspector to ask if their religion is right, they may not as well pass by its telling th, what Bible they shall use. They must know, howev A that such compliance is not born of those who won; not even use the cross in baptism at Government's Cu. wand ; nor yet of those who would not submit to I's ordinance of the Lord's supper as a passport to ci office ; nor of those who would not cast a single grt" of incense on the heathen altar. But the heroic age gone, and its examples are obsolete ! The Prospect., Review, too, may look back, and forward, and certain t in its own path, for it, in vain, so long as it uphold principle in one breath (p. 252) and deliberately resoliii to act in violation of it in the next. Let " Video me'iora proboque, Deteriora sequor,— meet th m ta ay ke t s in i . o( H frp e .e n r2. c s e l f )E o r ar t te h nL b ot e hr i da t t s mot to. juonhwn,osr unw or thy yn t d s a aucct zt d h ib o du r s but it o c h t cheeks with burst of reprobation from the Unitarians which Ali Crosby y r n ai liis t zweailthforthteheierxhceopntoiounr, o s f too m d r. su ß re e t r y ry f:z Ryland Leicester, indignant and generous letter in the Chronic ed ow it ' self as forem alas, of April 22, we have seen little to justify it. be t.lt w i rit ss t ::. :l • .iit4nninhwiwihisaettnrdoerrsyassc'ense" to be obs cure d , was the l such d t e h c e l e n b s t i ) d o y n . . that . It racks of religious liberty, hav'n chief s u sufferedsed of delay in its triumph. tiad they been ciples they wo u ld not hove misled a T AtbreurealtoGtohveeirrnp as they have done, to despise the quarter where princii remained, nor have resigned to oth ers t h e glory working o u t t h at principle without t h e i r a id .—[ above remarks hav bee en sent us for insertion h) member of the Unitarian body.—Ens.] --Lends Met cu. MONEY MARKET.—The premiu-n ot. gold at Pat is 16 per mille, which, at the English Mint price of 34 10 1 4 d, per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange 25.55 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short l a d 25.90, it follows,that gold is 1.35 per cent. dearer in Lone than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of g is 4351 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. I 10 4d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exthangt 13.14; and the exchange at Hamburgh on London et ab being 13.11, it follows that gold is 0.34 per cent, dearer London than in Hamburgh. The course of exchange at N • York on London is about 1051 per cent., and the par of (1 4: change between England and America being 109 23-40 . cent., it follows that the exchange is 4.08 per cent. agai England. But the quoted exchange at New York being bills at 60 days sight, tke interest must be deducted fit., the above difference. And from the present high rate of d e count here, and the increased charges for insurance, the at apps.arent piolit on exp or ti ng gold would be absorbed b, cost DEAL, MAY 11.—A vessel, supposed to be a barqa about 400 to 500 tens, dismasted and waterlogged, and app rently abandoned for two or three months past, was paaq. sth inst., lat. 42.30 N., lon. 10.25 W., in a position very da. gerous to vessels passing Cape Finisterre, by the Oriente , , arrived in the Downs. The name on the stern was n visible, the letters being cov-red kith gr a t. g , With th e rxee :101101 -:`• at the elm. She i.a I A p r lt , . , lt Wi!:diflF• , ! .D, poft S, W‘.llllll bust-head, and appeared to be a nearly nc.t vessel, and New Brunswick built, 28S 61y. 18 39% ,25 the Jog' tot lac the the 1 I . • ). . i ,