The Sun. — London, England, 1847-07-17 00:00:00

nr, T.IIItRAT. EtraTON COMMITIM ron TIM Ttrrt r itv OF LORD JOHN RUSSELL, JAMES PATTISON, ESQ., SIR GEORGE LARPLNT, AND BARON LIONEL DE ROTIIS CHILD, TO THE ELECTORS OF TIIE CITY OF LONDON. GENTLEMEN, AStatement addressed to you by the Committee for conducting the City Election on behalf of the Conservative candidates clumsily conceals distress and weakness tinier misrepre sentation. The intemperate language used by gentlemen who presented them selves at the General Conservative Meeting, while it indicated that sense of insecurity which usually vents itself in abuse contained dis creditable imputations against the Liberal candidates, to which this Committee felt they could not appropriately reply, without some de parture from that self-respect which they have determined to make their rule of conduct. When these imputations are reduced to the more dolilserate form of an official address, however, they feel it due, not only to the general body of the Constituency, but to the intelligent and respectable portion of the Conservative electors, to give such an explanation of their position as will show that this Committee are not insensible to the responsibility they have undertaken. The unvarying support which the great majority of the citizens of London have given to the cause of Reform is matter of history. The change in the franchise created by the Reform Bill produced additional evidence of the predominance of those opinions in the return of exclusively Liberal representatives for the whole metro politan constituencies. From that period until the-general election of 1841, London uniformly returned to l'arliament four Liberal re presentatives ; until, from peculiar circumstances, unconnected with the general current of party politics, an equal division of the repre sentation took place. Did the Conservatives rest satisfied with this arrangement ? Did Mr. Russell Ellice, whose name is attached to that manifesto of moderation with which his recent objurgations have indicated so little sympathy, acquiesce in the views he now enunciates ? Were he and his party contented to permit a Whig vacancy to be filled up by a Reform candidate ? No—when they considered either that the advantage of their position, or the state of the register, warranted them in placing a third candidate in the field, they di I not hesitate to venture into the lottery of an election, upon data as fallacious as the ground of their present hopes. Against the most powerful and socially influential candidate, and the most unscrupulous use of the Moister agencies of every protected interest of the reigning Govern ment, and of the aristocracy, whose monopoly was perilled in the contest. Mr. Pattison, in 1843, aided by nothing but his principles and the party predilections of the constituency, was returned by a Majority sufficiently indicative of the predominance of Liberal opi nions in the city of London. Have any circumstances occurred since which would warrant the inference that the Reform interest has retrograded and is no longer in the ascendant? From the hour of Mr. Pattison's triumph this Committee have in cessantly " fought the battle of the Constitution in the Registration Courts," and with such success, that not from the vague calculations and presumptions of an electioneering agent, founded confessedly upon the state of the register in 1843. but upon an actual canvas of those electors whose opinions were Liberal or unascertained, com rcenced and completed within the last six months, they are Hilly warranted in the assurance to which they have pledged themselves, that on the present register there is a large majority of Liberal electors. In the knowledge of such facts, and in the face of the past pro vocation wantonly offered to them by the opposition to the return of Mr. Pattison, this Committee felt they would have altogether pros tituted the purposes for which the representative system was en trusted to the people by the constitution, if they had deprived the constituency of the power of retrieving their character from the Uo a alY of placing the community of the greate s t c it y of the world state of utter political negation. With the proceedings of this Committee, founded on these views, an attempt is now made invidiously to connect Lord John Russell, on no other foundation than that that great statesman is the deliberate and first choice of the Liberal electors. The Committee regard, with great complacency, an imputation of arbitrary intolerance, based solely on the fact that no ether alterna.. tine was ever offered t o th em than a contest, or the peremptory de mand of the concession of nothing less than au equal division of the r d e a pjleosetation betwixt a Liberal majority, and a not very formi- Cons t ratlve minority. 'When some organic machinery is discovered y which it shall be found either expedient or practicable to redueeth e representative system to fr act i onal rules of proport i on, it will beti me enough to consider the reasonableness of the propo sition to have the minority represented by ene candidate, and the majority by another. With regard to the allusions contained in the Conservative address to the relation in whirls the Prime Minister is alleged to stand to wards one of the other candidates, it is sufficient to reply that Baron Rothschild is the candidate, not of Lord John Russell, but of the con tituen • the ordcil'araynd that while this Committee regret that'departurefroamt. amenities of political warfare, which Indecently !empts to implicate the first Minister of the Crown, in the proceed -I,ng.s,t_iieculiar to the tactics of contested elections, they are prepared .. L o ‘ ,t_ke the exclusive responsibility of recommending for the suffrages u ` their fellow citizens a gentleman whose unsullied private cha racter and exalted commercial station, alike qualify him to be the representative of the greatest mercantile city in the world. That he is also the symbol of a great principle will not be regarded as a dis qualification for the enjoyment of the equal ri g ht s of the free citizens" a free country by the generous and just-minded people of England. This Committee receive with cordiality the assurance that, among this high-minded gentlemen whom they are p rou d to recognise in the ranks of their opponents, " Lord John Russell has been treated with Perfect respect by the Conservatives of London." To these they con fidently appeal against the violent language in which it has not been motives inconsistent with the character of gentlemen to assail the ;:`,'_'_T ou the Prime Minister in reference to this contest. His la nnocesspublic duties, and his official position, by leaving him de- But the whole to have spared him the indignity of such attacks. body of the Liberal electors feel constrained to ask their Conservative fellow-citizens whether tho following report of a sze..eicolit4eliv,7red at the London Tavern is consistent with those pre lavishly ani,edPQrfinontthcreasdpaect" for Lord John Russell which are so knew "e Prime Minister headdress of their Committee uld not tak e hahadseataftsrociated himself with a gentleman he on there ontesL" the purpose of getting funds to carry f 'When it is added that the namei attached to this unworthy and un founded insinuation is that wl these claims to the credit of which subscribes the address containing per fect respect," the public will b treating Lord John Russell with gor taste of the speech, or the e at no loss to appreciate either the In conclusion, the sincerity of the document. of all pinions f ellow-citizen s C ommittee to ledaevelediet upon the sound the rola t s i e v u e s e m o o f rits their o f the candidates before° them, persuaded that the comparison must attach limn to those whose political co a n t sistency, moderation, pic*i tion, and qualifications most silld Varied interests of the city of Lon y con. them to represent the vast JOHN ABEL SMITH Ch • an. THOMSON lIANKRY,r alm Jan., P. A. TAYL OR, Deputy Chairmen, BATHS AND 'WASH-HOUSES FOR THE • LABOURING CLASSES. The MODEL ESTABLISHMENT, G oulston-square, Whitechapel, oPen from Ten A.m. to Five P.M., till SATURDAY, the 24th instant. for „ --spection by the Subscribers and the Public. Cards of admission ` 4 ' l be obtained at the Committee -Room. The Commtee earnest solic it further subsc r i p ti ons to enable them to complete the building By order, Com mittee -Room, 3, Crosby-square, Jul JOHN' SMITH , C lerk. y, 1847. te:L bac riptions received at the Model Es tablishment, the Commit /1,47;am, and the Bank of England, and by almost all the London CHEAP EXCURSION TO LIVERPOOL, cARR I ZANCITESTER, an d CHESTER, for 215., in CLOSED LA.N ) ,clets, affording an excellent opportunity of visiting IRE- Moderate TLAND, ISLE OF MAN, WALES, Sm., &c., at a inents hav e :l% lll e Public are respectfully informed that arrange -western Rallwe _ made with the Directors of the London and North &e., and back aY rr eel liPany for EXCURSION TRAINS to Liv e rpool, lags of Atox p ' 4 .,,. - rains will leave the Euston Station on the mo ;- o'clock pu ri „.,,Z., July 26, and WEDNESDAY, July 28, at I n Liverpool. ''lY each morning, allowing seven or fourteen days Tickets .' conductor and e ,,', er Y information can be had only of H. It. MARCUS, street ' at " 1 ' °Mee 2 0 Crosby Hall-chambers, Bishopsgate- Atte nda nce from . Ten till Three daily. ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. .T. itufOLLINS'S ODE to the PASSIONS will be recited by Mr. op A RU SSELL with Illustrations in a Serig.s of DRAWINGS l o n t o h n the'prE MICROSCOPE, accompanied by Music by Dr. Wa . s, 0 _ Tu t .4 °r ning's of Thurrdays and Saturdays, and on the Evenings of rop's and Thursdays. The ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH . Ol of t heir 1 has deposited, for the present month, a complete sergs N. nteresting APPARATUS. Dr. Bachhoffner's LECTURES on 1411:URAL PHILOSOPHY. CHEMICAL LECTURES by 11. M. b ea p Egg, ou the Evenings of Monday and Wednesday. , h y i "f ,1 OPTICAL EFFECTS include the last DISSOLVING 'WS, DIVING BELL and DIVER, with EXPERIMENTS, &C. Admission, Is. ; Schools, Half-price. ---------..........—_ VIRIO,OOO POTS SOLD 'MONTHLY. • KEE'S GRE EN MOUNTAIN VEGE th TABLE OlNTMENT.—Prepared f rom a 'vegetable peculiar Which Wgreen mountains of Vermo n t ; th e astonishing properties of its ere first discovered by th e Ab or i gines, and the knowledge of Mu Prepar ation disclosed to th e present proprietor, who, after wit g for More than twenty years its wonderful effects in SUBDU d I-XFLAMMATORY ACTION, and the extraordinary cures pro - "cod In Goat, Rheumatism, Scrofulous Affections, Ringworm, Piles, P - ! ,.ron chitis, Infl amma ti on of the Eyes, Swelled Breasts, Sore Nipples, lains Scalds, Burns, and old and inveterate Ulcers, determined to introduce it as a public medicine. flaying received high testimonials from the Surgeons of the Army and Navy, ef the important cures effected by this Ointment, together With the immense sale it has obtained in the United States, the Pro- Prictor has considered it a duty to extend its use to Great Britain, and has appointed Messrs. H. Preston and Son, wholesale Drug gists, 94 Smithfield Bars, Londo n , so l e wholesale Agents, to whom the Ointment is consigned. It is also sold by the respectable Che rnists and Medicine Vendors throughout the Kingdom, in pots, 2 `d. each. NT A - 11 1 --------- I ------. . I A --------- , G. E • One half the world are desolately single, and the other supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a sense of right determine t Thehe form , er and miscalculated hop es em bitter the latter. solitary one may shield himself under the plea of caution and w orldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un eomprosing hurry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity, and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness and social content. The dowry should not be the only marriage set !lement. Hon our and justiee demand tkat he a lth s h ou ldf orm an i tem In the compact; it alonetignifles the alliance. Bligkted hopes or ne g l ect wound m ore sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CUL . VERWELL'S little I f EMOIRS "O n Single and Married Life " pub in 2 vols., Is. " e ll (bY post, i n stamps, is. 6d. each). , Let no imaginatively refined, or Prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered by misi nterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining tli em. They are not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but for the closet peru sa l o f t h ose more deeply interested, to whom the the are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on t he above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or together, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other little publications claim your a tt en ti on ( same price Is. each, b3r Post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are are et they y ergy a Pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, norr Isere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but t the study of the author's life, who owes his present existence, position to this ob servance of the maxims he would inculcat e—to do unto others as he t s laws—and to keep always would be done unto—tc live alter nahuereabove works may be had of on the "sunny side of the way." w T Ca alho, 147, Fleet4ureet ; Mann, Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-re ; Strand ;Barnes, 420, Oxford -street ; 457, West , 3 9, Conthill ; Nalson, or direct (by post or otherwise) from the author (who may be con ferred with personally, mornings and evenings), 10, Argyll-place, 1 Booksellers. Regent -street ; and al ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND MATURITY. WITH TWENTT-FIVE COLOURED ENGR AVINGS. This day is published, Twentieth Thousand, in a sealed envelope, ori , 20. 6d. Jr forwarded, post paid, to any address, secure from observation, for 3s. 6d. in Postage Stamps SELF-PRESERVATION : A Medical Treatise on andsarriage, and on tose Secret Infirmities and Disorders of 1 ,; 41 th Maturay, that are usually acquired at an early period of ewhich tend to destroy physical and mental energy, ardour, pas and all the attributes ol Manhood. illustrated with Twenty , - Za_Coloured Engravings on the Anatomy, Physiology , and Dis „7 the Urinary and Reproductive Organs, explaining their ar :`. ll a structures, uses, and functions, and showing the injuries that 4.l 3 roduced in them, by solitary habits, excesses, and infection. t, ;Practical Observations on the Treatment of Nervot s Debility, ( 1 13eitse an w d Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis, Stricture, and other By SAMUEL LA.'MERT, CONSULTING SURGEON, kat r i,_, 9 . Bedford-street, Bedford-square, London ; -suated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary onsber of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of * 4 llecaries' H a ll, London, &c., Etc. CONTENTS OF THE TREATIS. CRAPTH I. On the Philosophy of Marriage, E with its Hindrances kcp, ü bligations, and on Infelicitous and Unproductive Unions.— o4AP•rxa 2. On the A natomy and Phys i ology o f th e G enera ti ve jta,ns, their fUnctions, s t ructures, an d secret i ons, prov i ng th a t grea t .... r ,"Lal and Phy s i ca l P ower are dependant upon the i r healthy act i on oiißAPtrea 3. On Solitary Habits; their various effects on the o tti Economy; the concealed cause of Debility of the functions I le _ Stomach, Lungs, and Brain, and general weakness of the anden,"T Faculties. Cuarrxx 4. On the Secret Disorders of Youth _aturity, and the Treatment of Nervous and Local Weakness, th:;•,11 Debility, and Premature Decay.--Cusxrgas 5 and 6. On eth_ulliorderr arising from indiscriminate Excess, Strictures, and ether bLseases. LAN,. REVIEWS OP THE WORK. e'er —. l. ON SELF-PRESERVATION.—KENT AND RICDARD?.—This hilttet ° "esees advantages over every other other of the kind sub aiderAi° Public notice. The author is a medical man of some con prefe,;":e talent, who has devoted many years to the study of his 111: 14`' In, and as a guarantee of his pretensions has published his Sattons and diplomas in the work, and several testimonials of i s :11;110Ities from physicians and Surgeons of great eminence, which . nature I mportant consideration to those who, from the peculiar fro e , str af their infirmities, are obliged to seek medical assistance manner, "ger& The subject is treated altogether in al . l excellent a „_and by its perusal the unfortunate victim of vicmus habits diso;,!eessive dissipation will be enabled to account tor peculiar i n ah"'llties, and to discover ' the means of alleviating their sufferings tq b e asY and effectual m er —United Service Gazette. froth 4 1 nad by the Autho a r, nn and . nsay be had at his residence; also or.for: i g and Richard 4, 52, Paternoster-row; Hannay and Co.,_ ta:Menhle-ettr Stade, Tichborne-street, Quadrant; Gordon , , veni 00 14 1 6, d 'street London; Newton, 16, Church-street, Li At If",:ooksellers. .ive tin for 'Consultation daily, from Nine till Two, and from esgti 1., for advice t he fee ot ' i ht ; and all letters immediately replied to, if c mtaining kc 9 D STREET DEDFORD 4 GAR, 1,0 ) ,„„ BRDFOII Just published, in post Bvo., price 89. 6d., pHE REV. DR. HUME'S ACCOUNT of the LEARNED SOCIETIES and PRINTING CLUBS of the UNITED KINGDOM. "This is a most useful volume. In looking at its contents we can not help feeling that such a work has been long wanted. The object of the author has been to give a concise account of the origin, history, objects, and constitution of the numerous learned societies of the United Kingdom. We are much mistaken If there are not many who are entirely ignorant of the history and constitution of the so cieties of which they are members. To all such, and to those who take an interest in the progress of scientific unions, Dr. llume's work will be most welcome."—Medical Gazette. London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. . LONDON and SOUTH-WESTERN RAIL WAY. Notice is hereby given, that the HALF-YEARLY GENERAL MEETING of the PROPRIETORS of SHARES in the LONDON and SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY will be held at the Nine Elms Station, Vauxhall, London, on FRIDAY, the 6th August next, at Ono o'Clock in the Afternoon precisely, when the Directors will submit a Report of their Proceedings on the Affairs of the Company daring the preceding Half-year. A dividend will be de clared, and the General business of the Company transacted. And notice is hereby further given, that the said Meeting will be a SPECIAL GENERAL MEETING, to consider the propriety of Purchasing or Accepting a Lease of the undertakings authorised by the " Windsor, Staines, and South-Western Railway Act, No. 1, 1847, and the Windsor, Staines, and South-Western Railway Act, No. 2, 1847," upon the terms embodied in a Memorandum of Agree ment, dated 19th January, 1847, and made between the Committee of Management of the then projected Windsor, Staines, and South- Western Railway Company of the one part, and the Londm and South-Western Railway Company of the other part; and to autho rise and approve such Purchase or Lease. And also to consider and determine whether any and what number of New Shares shall be created under the powers contained in the several Acts of Parliament passed in the present session of Parliament, authorising the London and South-Western Railway Company to create further Capital in Shares of what amount, and upon what terms and conditions, and with what rights and privileges such new Shares (if any) shall be created. And notice is hereby further given, that the BOOKS of the COM PANY, for the Transfer of Shares, will be CLOSED from the 30th day of JULY, to the 6th day of AUGUST, both days inclusive. . By order of the Court of Directors, P. LAURENTZ CAMPBELL, Secretary. Nine Elms Station, Vauxhall, July 16, 1847. - 1101RIGHTON AND CONTINENTAL STEAM PACKET COMPANY. _LJP Second Call of 2/ per Share. Notice is hereby given, that lii pursuance of a Resolution of the Board of Directors, the Proprietors of Shares in this Company are required to PAY a CALL of 2/. per SIIAItE on their respective Shares on or befbre WEDNESDAY, the 18th day of August next, at the Banking-house of Messrs. Denison and Co., Lombard-street, London. A Circular will be sent to each Proprietor previously to the date of payment, which must be deposited with the Bankers. Interest at the rate of Cl. per cent. will be charged on all Calls remaining unpaid after the 18th August next. By order, Brighton, July 12, 1847 WM. J. IRON, Secretary. BRIGHTON AND CONTINENTAL STEAM PACKET COMPANY. Notice is hereby given that a GENERAL MEETING of the PRO PRIETORS of SHARES in this COMPANY will be held at the Com pany's Office, London-bridge Station, on PRIDAY, the 23d July, 1847, at Twelve o'clock precisely, for General Purposes. By order, WM. J. IRON, Secretary. 12, 1817. Brighton, July WESTBOURNE, sussEiC ---- ----- COPYHOLDS AND LONG LEASEHOL DS TO BE SOLD, pursuant to an ORDER of th e HIGH COURT of CHANCERY , made in a cause LYNE e ag ainst LYNE, with the ap p robation of Sir Gu m { one of the Masters of the C ourt, some time in the month of AugeAugustnexi (of which due notice will be given), at Westbounie, in the county of Sussex, a Dwelling-house, Garden, and Appurtenances, formerly the residence of Philip Lyne, Esquire, deceased, and two old Cottages ad joining thereto, two small Dwelling-houses and Gardens, and a Meadow called Bailards Mead, containing one acre and three-quarters. The premises are situate at Westbourne, and arc partly Copyhcld of the Manor of Westbournc, and partly Leasehold for the residue of a term of 1,000 years. Particulars and conditions of sale are in preparation, and may shortly be had gratis, at the Master's Office ; of Messrs. W. and E. Dyne, 61, Lincoln's Inn-fields; of Messrs. Leblanc and Cooke, Bridge-street, Biackfriars ; of Mr. Smart, solicitor, Emsworth, Hants ; and of Messrs. Sowton and Son, solicitors, Chichester, and the pre mises may be viewed on application to the tenants. W. and E. Dyne, for Daniel Smart Emsworth, plaintiff's Solicitor. GOLD, SILVER, DIAMONDS, PEARLS, and all the most precious and costly gems, are imitated to such perfection, that but very few uninitiated persons can positively - tell a paste brooch or a ring from a diamond, the real pearl from the imitation, or German Silver from the genuine ; but put them into the hands of the connoisseur, how soon the delusion vanishes when he affirms they are but vile and base imitations. So it is with the most valuable inventions as well as stones and metals. None but the inimitable in value are imitated in appearance, and as soon as the consumer (the best connoisseur) attempts to use them, how soon he finds out their utter uselessness. Thus it is with the most valuable of all inventions ; the celebrated METALLIC RAZOR TABLET of GEORGE SAUNDERS has been the target for imitation for the last thirty years. To Gentlemen who shave themselves the following query is pro posed.—Why do all the first cutlers in Europe use and recommend Saunders' Four-sided Tablet Razor Strop ? The answer is simply because it Is the only one that gives to a razor a keen and smooth edge. DEPOT, 278, STRAND. To whologslo purelmere A libatil dISC9Unt will be made. , . . -' • 1 1 .T-041 ; g oy • ex' k te 4 " 7. -/ •-• ••-• •I, ' • „0• - - C ct ,-‹P , 4 2 ‘ 7-, A 6the . - c9a 1) T 4 4 , eVW ) •[;. • ,• /4 Z.O - 4 3//' e. b at • PRICE SD. 1846. The experienei tr eountriaa 1411 the blight bad appeared, ended to show that it was not limited to a single season, and as an early proof 144 apprehensions on that head were not without. fouiadit tion, I will quote from a letter received from Professor Lindley on the 18th February, 184 G, the following et tract:— " I feel it my duty to apprie you, at the earliest pos. siblo moment, of the following alarming facts,.in regard to the potato crop of next season, It has 43Cen aster--: tained beyond all doubt that diseased sets will .proo , dace a diseased crop. Evidence in conformation of this was produced yesterday before the Horticultural 'So ciety, in the presence of Sir Charles Lemon, Sir Philip Egerton, Lord Grey, and others ; and for your own 'in formation I enclose you some proofs of it in the shape of the haulm of the new potato plants grown at Bicton, in Devonghire. They were perfectly healthy in appear ance in January, and now they are advanced beyond the first stage of decay. I w ould have communicated this information to y ou 6. ' yesterday, if I had not wished for leisure to .re-egarnine and re-consider the evidence in my possession, so that all possibility of error or misconceßtiop might be guarded against. I have now spent some hours in re examining the evidence, and not a doubt remains in my mind that next year's crop is in jeopardy." • Such was the opinion of Professor Lindley, -tending to confirm the apprehension, that from the same cause, a second suspension 44f the corn-laws might become necessary. It appeared to me that, eonsideringlhe nature of that law — considering that it was passed with a view of in suring, through its own unassisted operation, an ade quate supply of foreign corn in case of necessity—a single suspension of it on the first occasion of severe trial would be a powerful argument against its permanent continuance, and that the necessity for renewed suspen sion (should it recur), would add greatly to the weight cot that argument.. But, independently of this consideration, there were other and more imp ortant reasons which influenced my decision. My confidence in the validity of the reasons on which I had myself heretofore relied, for the maintenance 'of restrictions on the import of corn, had been materially weakened. It had baen weakened by the conflict of ar gument on the principle of a restrictive policy—by many concurring proofs that the wages of labour dd not vary with the price of corn—by the contrast presented in two successive periods of dearth and abundance, in the health, morals, tranquillity, and general prosperity of the whole community—by serious doubts wheth e r, i n the present condition of this country, Cheapness and plenty are not insured for ~the future in a higher degree by the free intercourse in corn, than by restricti o n on it s importa tion for the purpose of giving protection to domestic agriculture. It had been weakened also by the following considera tions, which were in a great degree new elements in forming a judgment upon this vital matter:— The general repeal of prohibitory duties, and the re cent application of the principles of free trade to 'almost ail articles of import from abroad, made the corn-laws the object of more searching scrutiny and more invidious comment, and narrowed the ground on which their de fence could be maintained. Among the articles of foreign import prohibited up to the year 1842, and then admitted at low rates of duty, were some important articles of agricultural produce, salted and fresh meat, oxen, sheep, cowl, &c. You pro- - bably recollect the panic which this admission caused— , - the forced sale of stock, the prophecies that it would ho impossible to compete with the foreign grazier, and that meat would be reduced to 3d. per pound. Five years have passed since this great change in the law took place, and your own experience will enable you to judge then the panic was well founded, and whether the pro phecies have been fulfilled. The complete failure of those prophecies had naturally had its effect on public opinion, with regard to the pro bable consequences of a freer intercourse in other articles of agricultural produce. There was another circumstance still more calculated to diminish apprehensions as to the risk of opening the corn market of this country to foreign cerurtition. There has appeared of late years a tendency to — AncTetise . in the consumption of- articles of subsistenfe* much more rapid than the increase in the population; Itis difficult, if not impossible, on account of the absence o f statistical information, to measure accurately that in crease in the case of articles of the first necessity, such as corn and meat. But it may, be inferred from the rela tive consumption, at different periods, of articles in re spect to which the comparison can be instituted. The following is an account of some of the principal articles entered for home consumption in the years 1841 and 1846 respectively:— Cocoa, lbs Coffee, lbs Currants, cwts 190,071 ... 359,315 Rice, cwts Pepper, lbs Sugar, cwts .. 4,065,971 ... 5,231,845 Molasses, cwts Tea, lbs Tobacco and snuff, lbs 22,308,385 27,001,908 Brandy, gallons 1,165,137 ... 1,515,954 Geneva, ditto British spirits, ditto 20,642,333 23,122,581 Malt charged with duty, bushels Surely it is impossible to refer to this comparative table without being forcibly struck by the rapid increase in the consumption of the articles which irtlittivace9.-• 4440 Can there be a doubt that if the consumption of articles of secondary necessity has been thus advancing, the consumption of articles of first necessity, of meat and of bread for instance, has been making at least an equally rapid progress ? During the greater part of the period included in the return, from the middle of 1842 to the end of 1846, the free-trade measures have been in operation. They have been in operation therefore, concurrently at least, with these evidences of the increasing ease and comfort of the people. Other causes have no doubt contributed to that ease and comfort; but even if the whole effect be assigned to those other causes—to railway enterprise, or anything else—it does not affect my present argument. If there be frost any Cause a tendency to the consumption of articles of the first necessity much more rapid than the increase of population, the responsibility of undertaking to regulate the supply of food by legislative restraints, and the difficulty of maintaining those restraints in the event of any sudden check to prosperity, or increased price of subsistence, will be greatly augmented, while, on the other hand, the danger to be apprehended from foreign competition is materially lessened. It was from the combined influence of these various considerations—from diminished confidence in the neces sity or advantage of protection—from the increasing difficulty of resisting the application to articles of food of those principles which had been gradually applied to so many other articles—from the result of the experi ment mado with regard to cattle and meat in 1842 — from the evidences of rapidly increasing consumption— from the aggravation of every other difficulty, in the maintenance of the corn-laws, by the fact of their sus pension on the first real pressure—it was from the com bined influence of such considerations, that I came to the conclusion that the attempt to maintain those laws inviolate after their suspension would be impolitic, that the struggle for their maintenance would assume a new character, and that no advantage to be gained by success could counterbalance the consequences of failure, or even the evils attending protracted conflict. My opinions in this respect may have been erroneous, but they were not formed without mature and painful deliberation, and I am wholly unconscious of any single motive of self-interest, personal or political, which was not calculated to bias my judgment in favour of an opposite conclusion. If, from the confidence which the agricultural interest had reposed in the Government, and the support they had freely given to it, that interest had a special claim upon me, I should have ill-satisfied that claim by giving advice at a very critical period, which might certainly have been more acceptable—which might have protected myself from the imputation of being in consistentn and unfaithful—but which in my heart and conscience I believed to be, as applicable to that s. time and those circumstances, unsound and dangerous. Between no repeal, and a measure involving their ultimate to any middle course satisfactory or advantageous fsetinn Between the maintenance of the corn-laws inviolate, or advantage in in terest; I saw still less of satisfaction y l"arliament to deal with incompetency of the present I could not admit the delay; the whole, much less of u a es ' tion of public concern. T y deliberate conviction, I felt up to adjust the question • evil in the resolution finally public n in any other that could be then of the corn -laws than in thisThereindecision a sappeared with a n d ev every other me, irrationaloth .er since reieri occurred tins othf et h(belogsiptel question to incur the painful sacrifices which the • upon that conviction must inevitably entail. acting as that, t l i o o n f ae iat y t d e tTo i o n p s h t s bt s e u eer e dem ) bearing ia)s w ' n nbddoiuntevent e c b. s t et l h.l y n na : t t uponhas confirmt e even with special reference to the agricultural interest, the course taken was preferable to any other. So much, Gentlemen, ' with regard to the past. In re spect to the future, it is my intention, if re-elected, to conform on all matters connected with our financial and commercial concerns to the general principles on which I have acted while in power. Acting with the caution and circumspection which tend to make reformation permanent, by making it safe, and which are indispensably requisite in all cases wherein the public credit, or wherein extensive and com plicated interests are concerned, I shall feel disposed to support such measures as are calculated to remove any remaining restrictions on commerce—to aba te b f y s that are levied for the purpose of protection, o r that, to their amount, defeat the purposes of revenue—to d to better the appor tion equitably the burden of taxation—and h "r °Subsistence. condition of those who labour for their compatible with, Such measures are not only perfectlyose h great objects of but are mainly conducive to, s t been, from the con stitutionalcommence- ment policy which it as it will be to its close, my ment of my public life, uphold. unvarying purpose to up persuasion-that the course sanctioned by It is my firm entr with reference to our financial the present Parliam .n has tended to fortify the and commercial poli3, ocentry esta blished institutions of this ,the Legislature, to inspire confidence • t h e equity and benevolence of Legislature, to m ln aintain the just authority of an hereditary nobility, and t o discourage the desire for d emocrat i c change in the constitution of the House of Commons. It has aided the Government in conducting the admi nistration of internal affairs, and in maintaining the public tranquillity, even during :a period of suffering from depression in trade and a high price of food, much more through the mild influence of general contentment, than through the appliance of force, or the harsh coer cion of the civil power. And if the sad times of a yet severer trial should return, that trial will not be horse with the less fortitude and patience, when the privations that accompany it can be ascribed solely to causes over which the Legislature has no control. the course I have:thus, G en tl emen , exp l a i ne d t o you . _""__,, I which I have pu rsue d, an d th at t o which, if re-elected, intend to cwat9rua. No. 17,107. LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING THE HUNDRED CUSTOM FOR SALE, by order Commissioners of her Mait Sale Rooms, Mincing-lane, on Ti THURSDAY, 29th, FRIDAY, 30th Jul 3d, and WEDNESDAY, 4th August, precisely, the following GOODS to Agate Brooch Pieces Buttons Beads Boxes Seal-handles, &c. Artificial Flowers Almond Paste Bronze Candlesticks Candelabras, &c. Buttons, various Beads Boxes, Brass Glove Buhl Wafer Needle, &c. Barege Shawls, Scarfs, &c. Bandannoes Baskets Brandy Chinese Paintings Cat Hugs China Ware Jars Ewers and Basins Bottles Toilet Pots Flower Vases Figures Cups, Saucers, &c. Coral Negligees Caps Cambric Handkerchiefs Curtains, Embroidered Clocks, various Carved Wood Cameos China Crape Cologne Water Cordials Chet Gots Drawing Instruments Embroidered Slipper and Chair Pieces Envelopes Earthenware Embroidery and / Needle Work, viz.:— AND FIRST SALE. HOUSE, LONDON, JULY, 1847. T of the Honourable the jesty's Customs, at the Commercial TUESDAY, 27th, WEDNESDAY, 28th, ly ; and on MONDAY, 2d, TUESDAY, , 1847, at Twelve o'clock at Noon n• home consumption, viz.:— Lace, Cotton Itarbes Berthes Collars Shawls Scarfs Veils, &e. ,3teersehatnn and other Pipes and Bowls. Musical Boxes and Instruments, ViT. : Pianofortes Accordions Organ Marqueterie Tables Chairs Cabinets Bookcases Drawers Escrutoires, &c. Matting, E. I. Marbles Marble, Manufactured Opera Glasses Paintings for Brooches Porcelain, Plain and OM Pongee, Silk Paper, Gilt, &c. Percussion Caps Pictures Pomatum Perfumery Pepper Pencils, Slate Rugs, Persian Turkey, &e. Rum Ribbons of Satin Steel Buckles Steel:Purse Slides Garnitures, &c. Segars Segar Moulds Snuff Silk Worm Gut , Slippers Shawls, Long and Square Stays Swiss Cottages Sugar Silk and Cotton Stuffs Do. and Goats Hair ditto Silk Manufactures, viz.: Net Bracelets Garters Purses Laces Gloves Mitts Ties Handkerchiefs Transparencies Porcelain Caps, Cuffs, Collars Chemisettes, Sleeves Shirt Fronts Habit Shirts Lace, Veils, &c. Flock for Paper Stains Feathers, dressed Feather Boas Muffs Tippets, &c. Fans Frames for Pictures, &c. Gauze, gummed Geneva Hat Crowns and Linings Hand Screens Hair Manufactures Ivory Card Boxes Toys Counter Boxes Tobacco Chess Men Tea Napkin Rings Varnish Brooches Watches Backgammon Watch Hands Men, &c. Springs Leather Segar Cases Keys Pocket Books, &c. Maker's Tool!, &c, Lutestrings Walking Sticks Labels Waistecating Lace, Thread Nine Silk and various other Goods For Exportation only.--Gold and silver watches, clocks, books, Spirits, extract, sugar, a brass gun, muskets, &c., &e. For Exportation, or, for Home Consumption, on Payment of Duties.---Wood, wine, coffee, tea, succades, preserved ginger, provi sions, sugar, soap, books, silver plate, &c., &c. For the Benefit of the Crown. —Sundry old boats, oars, sculls. &c. To be viewed at the Queen's Warehouse, Custom-horse, Thames street ; at the London and West India Docks, at the Tebacco-ground ; Rotherhithe, on Friday, the 23d, Saturday, 24111, and Monday, 26th of July, 1847, from Ten o'clock in the morning until Three o'clock in the afternoon, and on the days of sale, from Ten o'clock in the morning until Twelve o'clock at n'on. Take notice, goods sold at this sale will not be delivered until after two clear days of the day on which they are sold, and that no lots can be paid for at the office of Receiver of Fines after Two o'clock in the afternoon, and on the days of sale money will not be received by the Receiver of Fines after Eleven o'clock in the forenoon. PUBLICATIONS. In a closely-printed and portable volume, price 10s. 6d., B LACK'S PICTURESQUE TOURIST AND ROAD BOOK OF ENGLAND, With numerous Maps, Railway Charts and Views. A. and C. Black, Edinburgh ; and sold by all Booksellers. Price Bs. 6d., a Fifth Edition of BLACK'S PICTURESQUE TOURIST OF SCOTLAND, with 24 Mawr, Plans and Charts ; and 50 Views of Scenery and Public Buildings. A. and C. Black, Edinburgh ; and sold by all Booksellers. Price 55., a Third Edition of BLACK'S PICTURESQUE GUIDE TO TIIE ENGLISH LAKES, with an E.say on the Geology of the District, by Professor PHILLIPS; minutely accurate Map and Charts ; and Views of the Mountain Ranges, and other Scenery. A. and C. Black, Ediaburgh ; and sold by all Booksellers. Price 2s. 6d., a Fifth Edition of BL AC K'S GUIDE THROUGH EDIN BURGH, with a DESCRIPTION of the ENVIRONS. Illustrated with a Plan of the City ; a Map of the Country ten miles round ; and Views of the Public Buildings and Neighbouring Scenery. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh ; and sold by all Booksellers. This day is published, price Bs. 6d , handsomely bound in cloth, PUNCH, VOLUME THE TWELFTH : contalaing UPWARDS OF 700 ORIGINAL ARTICLES IN PROSE AND VERSE, AND ILLUSTRATED BY MORE THAN 400 CUTS. *.,,* The whole of the Volumes are constantly kept on sale, in cloth boards or in Numbers. London : Published at the " Punch" Mee, SS, Fleet. street. On Saturday, July 17. LETTER from SIR ROBERT PEEL to the ELECTORS for the BOROUGH of TAMWORTH. London : James Bain, 1, Haymarket. TO THE ELECTORS of WEST SURREY. GENTLEMEN, In consequence of the approaching dissolution of Parliament, I again take the liberty of requesting your suffrages and support. During the many years that I have been honoured with your confi dence trust you have ever found me a warm friend of civil and re ligious liberty, and a steady supporter of those principles which first procured sae your favour and protection. In that long period I have never made a profession on the hustings which I afterwards forgot, or forfeited any pledges I have given, but uniformly persevered, during a long and chequered political life, " through good and evil report," in that course which I thought most conducive to the wel fare and prosperity of the country. Though unable from attacks of the gout to make again a personal canvass (which I am sure your long-experienced kindness will par don), yet, keeping a regular register of our Parliamentary proceed ings, I shall be happy to answer upon the hustings the quPstioas of any freeholder, and defend or explain every vote I have given. Should I once more be honoured by your suffrages, you may de pend upon my best attention to your local interests, and my support of every measure that will, in my humble opinion, alleviate the burdens, increase the commerce, and improve the social condition of the empire. With every sentiment of respect, I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, Your most obliged and grateful servant, Denbies, July 17, 1847. W. J. DENISON. UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, WATERLOO-PLACE, PALL-MALL, London ; 97, George• street, Edinburgh ; 12, St. Vincent-place, Glasgow; 4, College Green ; Dublin. (Established by Act of Parliament in 1834.) In 1841, the Company added a bonus of 2 per cent, per annum on the sum assured to all Policies of the Participating Class from the time they were effected. Parties wishing to secure the benefit of the next division of profits in 1848, should make immediate appli cation. When the insurance is for life, only ouc-half the annual premium need be paid for the first five years. • Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident Director, E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., No. 8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London, where prospectuses, &c., may be had. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 26, CORNUILL, LONDON. Capital £500,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament. This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages with respect to life assurances and deferred annuities. The assured h ts, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for feiture of the policy, two•thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in crests to meet other convenioncies or necessity. Assurances for terms of years on the lowest possible rates. DIVISION OF PROFITS. The increasing prosperity of the Society has enabled the Directors at the annual meeting held on the 12th May, 1847, to declare a fifth bonus, varying from 35 to 85 per cent. on the premiums paid on each policy effected on the profit scale. EXAMPLES. Puma- Sum ill .°4.,; Annual Polley Bonus in nent Re- Assured Age. E Pre- taken addition IBonus in duction of may bor- P,, mium. out in Assured. Cash. Annual row on Premiums. Policy. - - £ s. ‘1) s d. £ s. d. £s. d. r 1837 243 9 3 112 8 5 18 4 6 494 6 10 £ Zs.d. 1838 218 4 8i 99 810 15 13 5 445 0 0 60 1000 74 3 4 1839 192 1 101 86 9 313 4 9 395 11 1 1840 143 5 10 , 66 8 4 9 19 1 346 2 3 1841 138 14 2 61 17 6 9 9 2 296 13 4 1842 111 6 8 49 10 0 710 4 247 4 5 The Annual Report, with tables of rates, &c., may be had at trig office, or any of its branches in the country; or, on application. will be forwarded post free. F. FERGUSON CAAIROUX, Secretary. SIR ROBERT PEEL'S MANIFESTO TO THE ELECTORS FOR THE BOROUGH OF TAMWORTH. Drayton Manor, July 15. Gentlemen,--There appears every probability that a dissolution of Parliament will immediately take place. If it be your wish that I should continue to represent you, I place my services at your command. I have received the offers of support from more than one place of the first importance in respect to corn meraial enterprise and wealth, and to the number of the constituent body ; but having represented you for many years, and having received from you, under trying cir cumstances in public affairs, signal proofs of your esteem and confidence, I ant unwilling, by any act of mine, to interrupt the connexion which has long subsisted be tween us. But I cannot seek your support on any other than publie grounds, and as the position in which I stand is in some respects a peculiar one, I feel it necessary to transgress the limits of an ordinary address, in soliciting your attention to the course which I have pursued in the present Parliament, and in explaining, so far as is con sistent with that freedom of discretion which is essential to the proper discharge of Parliamentary duties, the general principles to which, if re-elected, I intend to conform. When you last returned me to Parliament I held the chief office in the Government of this great empire. I am now addressing you in a private capacity, rejoicing in the recovery of leisure and independence, without the intention or wish to resume either that authority which belongs, or ought to belong, to the possession of office, or that influence which is conferred by the lead and guidance of a great political party aspiring to power. But I am not, on that account, the less anxious to vin dicate, to your satisfaction, the motives by which I have been influenced, the measures to which I have been a party, and the general course of policy of the Admiuis• tratiun with which I was connected. The chief acts of that Administration, and the circum stances which led to its dissolution, must be familiar to your recollection. You have now ample means for judging whether the conduct of the Government, in respect to the external relations of this country, was calculated to promote the public welfare. You can contrast the position of affairs in 1841 and 1846, and can determine whether the sta bility of our Indian empire has been impaired, or whe ther a succession of glorious achievements in the field, and the vigour and firmness, and, above all, the justice and moderation of those who have directed the public councils in India, have not increased throughout the East respect fbr the British name, and promoted willing obedience to British authority. There is, I fear, some justice in the reproach, that the people and the Parliament of this country are coin paratively indifferent, excepting under circumstances of sudden excitement, to the administration of foreign affairs. But it would be a grievous neglect of duty on the party of those whose choice of representatives will determine the general character of the future Parlia ment, to exclude from their serious consideration this great department of the publie business. When the late Government was formed, the charge of that department was committed by the Queen to a Minister of whom I may say with truth, that he suc ceeded in acquiring the esteem and confidence of every honest man engaged in the diplomatic service of other states, and he made that esteem and confidence conducive to the great object of his political life—the maintenance of honourable peace. It is for you to judge whether Lord Aberdeen acted wisely in disregarding those appeals to national pride and national sensibilities which, if not provocations to war, were great impediments to the maintenance of peace, and in resolving to adjust, if possible, by means of amicable arrangement and mutual concession, the petty differences which constantly occur between powerful nations, and which, if treated in any other spirit, are easily inflamed into national quarrels. It is for you to judge, in reviewing our discussions with the United States, whether it would have been wise to have insisted on extreme rights of territory on the north-eastern frontier of the province of Maine, and on the banks of the Columbia river, and thus (even if war could be averted), to have ensured for another half century a controversy full of bitterness and irritation; or whether it was not the better policy to propose, in the spirit of peace, conditions perfectly compatible with the honour o f each country, and not requiring from either any sacrifice, territorial or commercial, which would not be dearly purchased by the cost of a single week's hostilities. But, Gentlemen, however important are the considera tions to which I have been adverting, there are others, in respect to whi c h, f rom their relation to our social condition and domestic policy, you will probably feel a more immediate concern. The most prominent at the present time are those connected with questions of reli gion, and with the recent changes in our financial and commercial legislation. On these points I desire to enter into unreserved ex planation with you. I write without concert or com munication with any other person whatever, and the views and opinions, therefore, which I may express ar e expressed on my own behalf exclusively. I feel, Gentlemen, ihe deepest interest in all that con cerns the welfare of the Established Church. I feel that interest, from sincere conviction of the truth of its doc trines, and from the firm belief that the Established Church is capable of being made , and through th e tem poral zeal, and active e xert i ons of the highest spiritual authorities, is in the progress of being made, the most powerful instrument that exists for administering the consolations of religion, for spreading the knowledge of divine truth, and for supplying the imperfections of human laws, by the obligations and restraints of religious duty. I have resisted, and shall continue to resist, every paltthhr ae o npco ecclesiastical of Church, oh o i a n p p ao ro yp p p r u i ar a pr t to i ap ing tanyihne Unitedportio n direct connexionKo i f o t g h d e 0 r m e , v w e t t r o ue e t hs theeo rf Church. walrmat have t : o f fe lt i e t , n however,at tac hment the in interests e be s ts q o u f i t consistent Churchnsi s ten t to with t ak a a leading part in those measures which had for th e i r ob ject the a b o li t i on of ecclesiasticalsinecures, the curtail ment of excessive emoluments, and the application of such a portion of the revenues of catrhedral and col s o was not remedy requiredfo the f purposes of those t e i o c s h ti u t r o c t he a i on s , t the partial great evils in the social and spirit ua l condition of this country. A very few years since it was publicly declared on the highest authority, that " a vast proportion of the people of this country were left destitute of the opP or turaties of public worship an d C hristian inst ruction." Of this fact, such proofs as the following were adduced:— That there were in London and its suburbs four parishes containing an aggregate of 166,000 persons, with church room for 8,200, being not quite one-twentieth of the population—that there were in the same district 34 parishes with a population of 1,137,000 inhabitants, and church-room for 101,632 persons—that in our own neighbourhood, in the diocese of Lichfield and Coventry, there were 16 parishes, each having above 10,000 inha bitants, with an aggregate population of 235,000 persons, and church-room for about 29,000. No doubt it was within the competency of Parliament o t provision e k s e in t h e m e a f o o s r o t f h e r e s li n p g F o ly u s o f i n t s h t e r s u e c t a i l o a n r , m b i n di by large ei _ grants of public money derived from general taxation; j SUN, but I felt persuaded that it would not be for the advan tage of religion that such a proposal should be made, until after all the resources of the Church, which could properly be rendered available for the purpose, had been applied to it. I felt also persuaded that the appropria tion of those resources, with the willing consent of the Church, to such objects as the-augmentation of poor benefices, the establi s h men t o f n e w ecclesiastical dis tricts, and the general improvement of pastoral super intendence in very populous parishes, would not only increase the local efficiency of the Establishment, but would tend to confirm its hold on the respect and attach ment of the people. It was for such purposes that, with the willing consent of the Church, I p ropose d , i n t h e year 1843, a Bill, which passed into law, for making better provision for the spiritual care of populous parishes in England and 'Wales. Under that law there have been constituted, and agreed to be constituted, 218 ecclesiastical districts and new parishes; and spiritual instruction and pastoral su perintendence will thus have been provided for a popu lation of above 764,000 souls. I oppose this fact to the charge of indifference or hostility to the welfare of the Church. I certainly did not think it inconsistent with the true interests of the Church, in cases wherein I deemed the claim a just one, to protect the rights, and to consult the feelings and wishes of those who dissent from its doctrines. With these impressions, I gave m 7 support to mea sures for quieting the titles to Diisenting places of wor ship, and for repealing many penal statutes in matters of religion, obsolete so far as their practical operation is concerned, but at variance with the mild spirit of modern legislation, and giving gratuitous offence by implying suspicion and distrust, without offering the slightest re medy against any apprehended danger. With these impressions also, while cordially approving of the proposal of her Majesty 7s present Government tq . . extend the system of public instrr ction in this part of the. United Kin_gdom, I exprosseg opinion that it ought sufficiently - to b sufficiently - comprehensive to include the childrqt; of Roman Catholic parents. • . During the period to which I am referring, the state or Ireland (that fruitful source of constantly recurring puand painful discussion), was repeatedly f orce d upon the consi deration of Parliament. I shall, i n thi s a dd ress, advert opinions and a f n re d m p t l h e o d s g e es w a h r e e only to the topics in connexion w i t h I r i sh affairs which have excited the chief interest i n thi s part of the em npeirwe, d a e n m d an in de r d es b re y c m t stony constitu enci es are candidates for their favour. I will preface the observations I have to make on this most important subject by a:quotation from the writings of that eminent man whom posterity will regard as the most eloquent of the orators and the most profpnd of the philosophic statesmen of modern times. w It is now fifty years since Mr. Burke, in a letter ad dressed to his_ son, placed upon record the following opinions:— i h n av c i controversi e s, o v n e ly rsie a s, common leading " Being myself," he says, " no m ore than a common only layman av commonlyerycommon l informedlife, and citizen's interest in the Church or in the State, yet to you I will say, in justice to my own sentiments, that not one of those zealots for a Protestant interest wishes more sincerely than I do, perhaps not half so sincerely, for the support of the Established Church in both these kingdoms. It is a great link towards holding fast the connexion of religion with the State, and for keeping these two islands, in their present critical independence of constitution, in a close connexion of opinion and affection. I wish it well, as the religion of the greater number of the primary land proprietors of the kingdom, with whom all establishments of Church and State, for strong political reasons, ought in my opinion to be firmly connected. I wish it well, because it is more closely combined than any other of the Church systems, with the Crown, which is the stay of the mixed con stitution, because it is, as things now stand, the sole connecting political principle between the constitu tions of the two independent kingdoms. I have another and infinitely a stronger reason for wishing it well; it is, that in the present time I consider it as one of the main pillars of the Christian religion itself. The body and substance of every religion I regard much more than any of the forms and dogmas of the particular sects. Its fall would leave a great void, which nothing else, of which I can form any distinct idea, might fill. I respect the Catholic hierarchy, and the Presbyterian republic. But I know that the hope or the fear of establishing either of them is, in these kingdoms, equally chimerical, even if preferred one or the other of them to the Esta blishment, which I certainly do not. "These are some of my reasons for wishing the sup port of the Church of Ireland, as by law established. These reasons are founded as well on the absolute as on the relative situation of that kingdom." To the reasons thus adduced by Mr. Burke for the support of the Church in Ireland, must be now added the weight and authority of that compactoguaranteeing its maintenance, to which, at the time of the Legislative Union, the Parliaments of the two kingdoms were con senting parties. _ In a subsequent part of the same letter 111 , . Burke proceeds to observe:-- " Ireland has an establishei Government, and a reli gion legally established, which are to be preserved. It has a people who are to be preserved too, and to be led by reason, principle, sentiment, and interest to acquiesce in that Government. Ireland is a country under peculiar circumstances. The people of Ireland are a very mixed people, and the quantities of the several ingredients in the mixture are very much disproportioned to each other. Are we to govern this mixed body as if it were composed of the most simple elements, comprehending the whole in one system of benevolent legislation ; or are we not rather to provide for the several parts according to the vurious and diversified necessities of the heterogeneous nature of the mass? Would not common reason and common honesty dictate to us the nolicy of regulating the people in the several descriptions, of which they are society, under a common protecting composed, according to the natural ranks and classes o f an orderly civil so So vereign, and u n d er a form of constitution f avoura ble at once to authority an d to freedom, such as th e British Constitution boa s t s to b e, and such as i t i s, to t h o se who now enjoy it? " You have an ecc l esiastical esta b l i s h men t, which, though the reli g i on o f the Prince, and of mos t o f the first class of landed proprietors, is not the religion o f the major part of th e i n h abitants, and which, consequently , does not answer to then any one purpose of a r eli g ious establishment. Thi s i s a state of th i ngs w hich no man in his senses can ca ll perfectly happy ; but it is the state of Ireland." It was with reference to that state of Ireland, and with c t °a t e d sdvuebroughterhte considerationsldo w ,u r e , au f sr e hreneeoonnbc precedentnae eartah na yftotrohlll o.eGrrdapramaesrretntaohres of the tes towithu King dom, but are specially which e w it ' e lwi d ehh ic i consti tuteet Mh n g rl con dition and structure of society in Ireland. . Some of those measures encountered vehement opposi tion; the more formidable, because it was offered much less applicable to the peculiar less from party or p ure l y pol i t i ca l con siderations, than bound to avow, that I look b from sincere conscientious scrupack with cordial les. But, Ge ntlemen, I am satis faction to the part whi c h I too k i n su pport of those mea sures, and to the spirit i n w hi c h t h e y were conceived. It was a spirit of justic e an d ki n d ness towards our Roman Catholic fellow-subjects i n I re l an d—a spirit whic h will, I trust, animate our futur e l eg i s lation with re ference to that country. It is strongly recom mended to u s b y man y powerful considerations, by painful rec ollection of our h relations with Ireland in earlier periods of our history— by sympathy with her present suffe rin g s—b y the urgent necesssty, not more for her welfare than ouof r ower n, to improve the condition, moral and physical, to your - people. I will not be deterred, by the risk of provoking new, or reviving dormant hostility, from reci!lling re collection the general character and object of the mea sures to which I have adverted. In the first place, we altered the law in respect to Cha ritablemanag e Donationssuch hd donations ßequests a nd bequests, of whom i n Ireland. We enabled the Crown to app o i n t C om missioners for the better one-half in number must necessarily be persons profes sing the Roman Catholic faith. For the exclusive con sideration of the Roman Catholic Commissioners were reserved all questions relating to bequests which con cerned the usages or discipline of the Church of Rome. We gave full power to all pe rsons and bodies corporate, by deed or by will, to give estates or property of any description, in trust, for the building or upholding of Roman Catholic places o f worship, or for the mainte nance of any person in holy orders of the Ch urc h o f Rome having pastora l superintendence of a con gregation. We enabled her Majesty to endow new colleges for the advancement of learning in Ireland. We gave every facility to the students in those colleges for receiving , excepting with religious instruction according to the creed .. which they might profess, and for attendance . on divine worship at ; and we pro hibitedthe church or chapel which should be approved by their parents and guardians. We at the same time provided that there should be no obligation to attend any theo logical approbationlecture and ins g tr a u a c r t;n a s ° g o u t ha qua. lification for the admission of students, or for the tenure of an office, or the enjoyment of any privilege or advan tage in connexion with the new colleges. 111., and by the advice of Mr. Pitt, at . a period of great g increasedegrant was originally i g n r a zt m fo a r d t e h e ..in College th e re iog f n 0 f national peril, " when, to guard this empire and Ire land in particular, from the enterprises of a .dangerous and malignant power, and to protect King civilised society from the inroads of anarchy, the King found it neces sary to avail himself of every rational . aid, ;foreign and domestic, and to call upon the skill, courage, expo.and rience of all his subjects, wheresoever dispersed," It was at such a crisis, and under such circumstances. that am Irish Parliament, exclusively Protestant character, established the College of Maynooth, in its re ceived from the Throne congratulations .. on having lnd _ laid a wise foundation for educating at home the Roman Ca tholic clergy." Fifty years had elapsed in 1845 since those ongr tulatio i were offered. For fifty of years a grant c tt mpublic money had been annually continued for the avowed pose of aiding the education of Roman Catholic pup. youth in Roman Oatholio doctrines, and fitting them for holy or ders in th e Church of Rome. We considered that there was, at an y r ate, no new violation of religiou s in making that grant less inadequate to the principle purpose for JULY 1:7; 1847. which it was destined, and in giving to it avowedly that character of permanency which it had acquired practi cally.by, the prescription of half a century. We thought this a wiser and more dignified course for the House 'of Commons to pursue than to exhibit annually the surly acquiescence in a niggardly vote,which was equally open to any just objection on the ground of violated principle, and which effected no good and eKcited no gratitude. - In the course of the discussions which took place on the Maynooth Bill two questions were put tome—the first, whether the increased grant to Maynooth was part of a systematic arrangement which contemplated ultimately the endowment of the Roman Catholic clergy in Ire- land ; the second, whether I would give a pledge, on the ground of conscientious objection, against the en tertainment, at any future time, of a proposal for such endowment. To the first question I returned an answer on the part of the Government collectively. I stated explicitly, that the increased grant to Maynooth was proposed as a single and separate measure, not intended to facilitate, in the slightest degree, the endowment of the Roman Catholic clergy: I knew, indeed, that many members of the Government, not adverse to the grant to May nooth, would offer the most decided opposition to any proposal for endowthent. In answering the second question I spoke then, as I am speaking nowi- for,myself;exclusively. I said, in sub stance, that I would'not give the pledge required from me; that I foresaw, indeed, very great pr ac ti ca l difficul ties in the way of etbtothnent—great difficulties, as well from the declared objebtkitts to such a measure on the part of the. Roman Catlaci faity and Roman Catholic clergy in Ireland, as from the strong repugnance to it in the public mind of this country; that I had no plea for solving those difficulties; but that I ,Would not fetter my discretion as a legislator by a positive 'pledge to refuse even the consideration of any such plan, at all times, and under all circumstances. .The occasions are very rare on which it is consistent the proper discharge of Parliamentary functions to enter into speeificiengagements of this nature. -They might, perhaps, in this case, be entered into Justifiably by those who, after extended inquiry and 'mature deliberation, have come to the conclusion that :by:allowing a decent stipend to a Roman Catholic priest, instead of leaving him dependent for the means , bf sub sistence ton an impoverished flock, of which4ke.is the spiritual, and, in r truth, also the temporal guide, we should be confirmingiken influence 'already too great, and obstructing the-.diffusion of a--purer faith—still more justifiably !by those whose conscientious conviction it is, that by such an act we are sanctioning and adopting error, and sinfully offending Almighty God, by consent ing to the endownient of men who deny and reject Divine truth. ~~,~h But I cannot givo my cops,ont to either of theke con clusions. I feel with regard to the first that nothing can be less successful in weakening the influence of the Roman Ca tholic religion in Ireland than the course we have hither to taken—that we have made no advance towards that object, either by penal laws or civil disabilities, or by a system of complete alienation from the ministers of that religion. With regard to the second, I cannot admit that the payment, with the sanction of Parliament, of a given sum to the minister of a religious creed not being that of the State, is tantamount to the adoption or sanction, by the State of the doctrines which that mi nister may teach, and is subversive of the prin ciple of an established church. If it be so, we ought so to rescind many acts of the Crown and of Parliament, which are open substantially to the same objection. Year after year (frequently without one dissenting voice), we have voted the sum required for support of the Presbyterian ministers in Ireland, there being included among the number many pro fessing and teaching Unitarian doctrines. We have provided by Act of Parliament fixed allow ances, paid from a public fund, to Roman Ca tholics chaplains in attendance on prisons and on workhouses. In order to facilitate the submission, and to retain quiet possession of important colonies, we have not hesitated to guarantee, not only the endowment of Roman Catholic priests, hut the continued establishment of the Roman Catholic religion. If, on the ground of conscientious scruples, we are bound to refuse even the consideration of any proposal for allotting a stipend to the Roman Catholic priests in Ireland, if, by entertaining such a proposal, we imply the sanction of Roman Catholic errors, tied justly incur Divine punishment for our apostacy, is it safe to maintain our connexion with Canada and Malta, and continue parties, not merely to the payment of Roman Catholic priests, but to the establishment of the Roman Catholic religion, in dependencies of the British Crown? Consi derations, political or constitutional, may, no doubt, for bid tliat to v be done in Ireland which is permissible in Canadli; lmit can that which is prohibited in one part of the Queen's dominions on purely conscientious and re ligious grounds, be consistently tolerated and encouraged in another? I, for one, cannot undertake, on these grounds, to fet ter' my discretion for all time to come on the subject to which I have been referring. I have thus addressed you, certainly without any in tentional reserve, on the domestic questions which, trom their connexion with religion, are of pre-eminent im portance. I approach those (the next in point of interest) which have reference to our commercial and financial policy. When the late Government succeeded to power, there had been for each of some years preceding a deficiency in the amount of revenue, as compared with the expendi ture. The amount of that deficiency in the year 1841 was not less than 2,100,0001. An attempt had been made in the year 1840 to supply the deficiency by an addition of ten per cent. to the assessed taxes, and of five per cent. to the revenues of Customs and Excise. The increase thus made to the scale of the assessed taxes answered the expectation with which it was imposed. But the far greater part of the amount expected to be raised was to have been supplied by the addition made to the duties of Customs and Excise—that is to say, by increased taxation upon articles of general consumption, and upon the raw materials of domestic manufacture. The estimated produce of these additional duties was 1,910,000/. They actually realised, on the most favour able supposition, not more than 750,000/., falling short therefore of the estimate by no less a sum than 1,160,000/. Under these circumstances, it became my duty, as the chief Minister of Finance, to advise the adoption of effectual measures for supplying the deficit between the public revenue and the charge upon it. As the organ of the Government, I proposed a tax upon all incomes above a certain amount. I accompa nied the proposal of that tax with a partial reformation of the commercial code, reducing many duties onerous to the trade and commercial enterprise of the country. The principal of reformation adopted in 1842 compre hended the abolition of prohibitions, and the abatement of duties of a prohibitory character; the reduction of duties on raw materials to an amount not exceeding five per cent. ad valorem, and on articles partially manufac Lured, and completely manufactured, to an amount not exceeding twelve and twenty per cent. respectively. The total amount of reductions of duty was, in the year 1842 1843 1844 £1,963,321 Notwithstanding these reductions, the ordinary re venue of the United Kingdom, that is, the revenue de rived from the Customs, Excise, Stamps and Taxes, and Post-ofiico, amounted in the year 1841 to £47,917,000 1844 to . 48,125,000 In taking the revenue of the latter year, I have, of course, excluded altogether the receipts from the Pro perty-tax, and also the receipts from casual sources of revenue, such as the payment of China money in re imbursement of the expenses of the war. The period of three years, for which the Income-tax was originally passed, expired on the sth of April, 1845. Encouraged by the experience of the past, the Govern ment proposed to Parliament the renewal of the Income tax for a further period of three years, and the ex tended application of those principles of commercial re form which had been previously acted upon. The duties on raw materials used in manufactures, on dye stuffs, on oils, as well as on various articles pro ducing little or no revenue, were altogether repealed. The manufacture of glass was relieved from the duties of Excise, and from the supervision and interference of Excise officers. The amount of the duties remitted in 1845 was not less than 4,511,0001. In 1846 duties were again remitted to the extent of 1,151,0001. The total amount of taxation remitted between the commencement of the session of 1842, and the resigna tion of the late Government in 1846, was 7,625,0001. The ordinary revenue of 1841 was 47,917,0001. That of 1846 (again deducting the receipts from Pro perty-tax and casua revenue) was 47,554,000/. A portion, however, of the receipts of this latter year, amounting to 416,0001. must be attributed to the in creased revenue from sugar, in consequence of the re duction, by the present Government, of the duties upon foreign sugar. After making duo allowance for this increase, it will be seen that the reduction of taxation effected by the late Government, to the amount of 7,625,0001., were accompanied by a diminution of re venue to the extent only of 779,000/. The result of these two experiments has therefore been that, in the years 1842, 1843, and 1844, the whole amount lost to the revenue by reduced taxation was more than replaced. In the two years, 1845 and 1846, nine tenths of a far larger reduction had already been re placed. But the case does not rest here. Notwithstand ing the disastrous circumstances of the late harvest, and the depression of trade, the revenue of 1847 again ex hibits a considerable increase on that of the preceding year. The last published balance-sheet of the United Kingdom is that for the year ending the sth of April, 1847. If we compare the ordinary revenue of that year (after deducting the Property-tax) with the ordi nary rev enue of the year ending sth of April, 184 1, we find Year ending sth of April, 1841 ......... £47,218,178 ff 1847 ......... 48,161,597 Difference in favour of 1847 ...... 943,419 This diirqrence in favour of the latter year far es. ceeds any increased receipt from the admission of foreign sugar. incc A roeua s ns t a eis t ,oB e ff m our, e ), i n G: t ine p laa. published e b yßo l inrrsleihetvesaedi under nu o dde n o:wra t ns h t lecioo6mitt the aea i d n rre s rod t eafsnwetintctha Customsrt time,r ti i e es yvae t ; n h za d. e : to sth July, 1847, those for na l or r i e sl l ec a ,ss n s d frt b oh e ina i n ng ir2i no rle t as yet com- Eepnlxedctiiens.eg,slottrh,ex.rinhuil)bo,:tthslesrfo4:6.:this portion of the empire a total which (notwithstanding the remission of the ci s u B e 7 d ti l e l s " o o n r corn), rd o s f , con sumption. The whole affect, therefore, of the measures of the late Government had been to remove more than seven millions and a half of taxes; while the ordinary revenue of the last financial year, for which they were called upon to provide, has considerably exceeded the ordinary re venue (derived from the same sources) of the financial year that immediately preceded their accession to office. In the foregoing observations I have made no reference to the reduction of duty on wheat and on those other kinds of grain which were included in the Corn Bill of last year. The amount of seven and a half millions of taxation, to the reduction of which I have just referred, does not include any advantages which may be derived to the consumers from the reduction in• 1842, and pro spective repeal in 1846 of these duties. - . I have already mentioned to you the general objects contemplated by the reformation of the tariff—the abo lition of prohibition—the reduction of prohibitory duties —the repeal of duties on the raw materials of manufac ture; but I am desirous of calling your attention specially to the removal and relaxation of duties levied on the import of articles from abroad, which enter largely into the consumption of the people as articles of subsistence. You are all well aware that it was upon this point that the greatest difference of opinion prevailed, and that the• proposal of the Government to repeal, at an early period, the duties upon foreign grain, was the main cause of its dissolution. I wish to place before you, in the clearest and most in telligible form, the extent of the several measures.pro posed by the late Government, for the abatement and the repeal of the duties to which I have above referred. The first column of the following table specifies the amount of duty on the several articles payable on the Ist of January, 1842 ; the second column the amount of dtity on the 'lst of August, 1846: RATE OF DUTY CHARGEABLE. Ist Jan., Ist Aug. 1842. 1846. Animals living, viz.,oxen, cows, sheep, &c Prohibited ... Free. Meat, salt and fresh Prohibited ... Free. .£ s. d. Z s. d. Bacon, per cwt 1 9 4 ... Free. Butter, per cwt Cheese, per cwt 0 11 0 ... 0 5 0 Cocoa, foreign, per lb 0 0 6 ... 0 0 2 Coffee, foreign, per lb 0 1 3 ... 0 0 6 Currants, foreign, per cwt 1 3 2 ... 0 15 0 Hams, per cwt 1 9 4 ... 0 7 0 Lard, per cwt 0 8 0 ... Free. Rice, per cwt 0 15 0 ... 0 1 0 Spirits, per gallon 1 2 10 ... 0 15 0 Sugar, per cwt. (British Colo nial) 1 5 0 ... 0 14 0 With respect to the corn-laws, there were in force on the Ist of January, 1842, rates of duty on the importa tion of foreign corn, varying according to the average price in the home market. When wheat was 625. a quarter the duty was 245. Bd. t, 68s. a quarter „ 16s. Bd. 99 735. a quarter „ ls. Od. Corresponding duties were levied on the same prin ciple on the import of other descriptions of grain. On barley, for instance, and on Indian corn, when the price of barley was under 345. the quarter, the duty on the import of a quarter of barley, and also of a quarter of Indian corn, was 12s. 4d.; when above 41s. the duty was reduced to Is. These several duties were reduced in the session of 1842. In that of 1846 provision was made for their total repeal on the Ist of February, 1849. Of the various proposals made by the late Govern ment for the reduction of duties on articles of subsistence and general consumption, that which contemplated the ultimate repeal of the duties on foreign grain encoun tered the moat decided opposition. Let me recal to your recollection the circumstances under which the proposal was made. In the months of September and October, 1845, there were indications in many parts of the United Kingdom of that mysterious disorder which has effected to so serious an extent, the potato crop. There was great alarm, in Ireland especially, as to the consequences. From various authorities in that country entitled to great respect representations were :received calculated to make a ;Jeep impression on the minds of those who, as servants of the Crown, were responsible for the adop tion of every reasonable precaution against a threatened scarcity of food. To some of the representations I will briefly refer. The Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, writing on the 20th of October, stated—" The accounts of the potato crop continue to be of the most discouraging nature. Pota toes dug up to all appearance perfectly sound, after a short time begin to decay, and very soon rot altogether. Under such circumstances it is impossible to form any decisive opinion as to the amount of the calamity." On the 24th of October the Lord-Lieutenant wrote— " We constantly receive satisfactory reports of the state of potatoes when dug, and learn a few days after wards that they have all rotted in the pits. We do not know, and cannot know, the extent of the evil" The secretary of the Royal Agricultural Association (an association formed of the chief landed proprietors in Ireland), writing about the same time, observed— " When I issued a circular about a month since to the secretaries of 120 local societies in connexion with the central one, I got several answers from persons stating that the disease was not apparent in their immediate neighbourhood ; but I have since received letters from most of them stating that, upon digging the crop, they found the disease in almost every quarter ; and I may safely say that at present there is not a county in Ireland that is not more or less affected by it. I shall barely add that the greatest panic appears to exist in all parts of the country." At a public meeting, held in Dublin, on the 31st of October, 1845, at which the Duke of Leinster presided, it was resolved, " That it has been ascertained beyond a doubt that famine, and consequently pestilence, are im mediately- imminent, unless the Government, without hesitation or delay, take the most prompt measures to provide for this people." It was resolved also, " That we respectfully call upon the Lord-Lieutenant of Ire land to order the ports of Ireland to be opened for the importation of Indian corn, rice, and other articles suited for human food." We thought it possible that reports even from such authorities, sent from the spot at a period of great ex citemeat, might be unduly influenced by the prevailing alarm. We dispatched, therefore, to Ireland, in the month of Octeber, two men (of the highest eminence in the departments of science to which they belong), hav ing no local connexion with Ireland—Professor Lindley and Dr. Lyon Playfair. We sent them to Ireland for the double purpose of suggesting, if possible, some remedy against the threaten ed evil, and of conveying to us their impressions as to its real extent. Their report was more unfavourable than any other. They stated " that they had consulted persons acquainted with the facts of the disease ; that they had visited tho district lying between Dublin and Drogheda, and in spected various potato fields and stores in the counties of Dublin, Louth, Meath, Westmeath, and a part of Kildare ; and that judging from the evidence thus col lected, and from what they had seen of the progress of the disease in England, they could come to no other conclusion than that one-half of the potato crop of Ire • land was either destroyed or in a state unfit fur the food of man." It was no doubt possible that all these parties might be, in some degree, mistaken—that events might subse quently prove that they had magnified the extent of the evil, but place yourselves in the position of those who were responsible for the public safety, who received such reports at the commencement of winter, without a hope of additional supply from internal sources for the long period of nine months, and you will not be disposed to pronounce a harsh judgment on their motives for advising that increased facilities should bo given for the importation of food from other countries. You will bear in mind that the visitation was a very peculiar one. " That," to use the words of the Lord- Lieutenant, " we did not know, and could not know the extent of the evil;" and that it was an evil not confined to these islands ; that many other c ountries in Europe were suffering from it ; and that in had so been meofth a e l m rea t d h y e r e strictions on the import of food suspended. I am bound to admit that if the advice given had been limited to a suspension would not of similar haverestric b ti e o e n n s ain very co untry, there probably ser i ous difference of opinion. Many who might o to its d ou bted whether the precautions were not s u p er fl uous, idsetid:ll resistance i wou ld probably have offered no decided O, and being taken. ttheir conflict Th e p o o f i n o t p o i n n i olin•l:icv,h,ats thehere w proposal question of the Corn-laws, l to reconsider the s, with a v'ie-w greatest proposed to the Cabinet on the I s t N ovem b er, u ls lt 4N i v m 6,et t h e nerle p tem ea p l. temporary suspension of all duti es on f ore i gn corn, it becam e necessary f ke or me at that time to decide whether I cou ld underta of suspensio n should have ve expired, the , p t o h r e t, re a s f t t o e r r a t t h io e n p o e f ri t o h d e pre-existing law. Such of the Government to any proposal undert a ki ng i m pli e d, o f course, resi s t ance with the inlaw Parliament, p m reinnte,iple or in its lead in weight that mightan d b e m authority ado by others, for the modification of that with my I found it impossible, consistentlyinna e e se nse of public duty, t o g i ve an assurance to that effect. In justifying my decision i n this respect, I have no desire to take any undhe advantage of events which have since occurred. That terrible scourge which has since afflicted Ireland, which has demanded an extraordinary advance of ten millions of money, for the purpose of averting from that country the horrors of famine, must not be pleaded as a vindication of the course taken in January, 1846. But, Gentlemen, no prudent Minister deciding on that course at that time, could safely exclude from his con sideration the probability that the same disorder which 4 had affected the potato crop of 1843 might affect that of • . • ~~- s . 4, , • fr. 4 RIDDLE'S LATIN AND ENGLISH DICTIONARIES. ACOMPLETE ENGLISH-LATIN AND LATIN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. By the Rev. J. E. RIDDLE, M.A. 6th Edition. Bvo. 31s. Gd. cloth. The English-Latin Dictionary, 10s. 6d. Separately The Latin-English Dictionary, 21s. THE YOUNG SCHOLAR'S ENGLISH-LATIN and LATIN ENGLISH DICTIONARY. New Edition, corrected and enlarged. Square 12mo. 12s. bound. The English-Latin Dictionary, ss. 6d. Separately 1 The Latin-English Dictionary, Ts. Also, New Edition, royal 32m0., 4s. bound, A DIAMOND LATIN -ENGLISH DICTIONARY. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans ; John Murray, Albemarle street.