The Sun. — London, England, 1847-05-06 00:00:00

Bouverie ; her Majesty the Queen Dowager, accompanied by his Se rene Hi g h ness P r i nce Edward of Saxe Weimar, and e'en& I by the Earl and Countess Howe, Viscount and Viscountess .6arrington, Hon. Miss Wheatley, and l.i.apidiu Somerset ; and her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cam bridge, attended by the Ladies Augusta and Honoria • C ad°gatt, and Baron Knesebeck, were also present. Amongst the general company were the Prince Louis Napoleon, the Duke and Duchess of Beaufort and Lady Blanche Somerset, the Duke and Duchess of Montrose, the Duke and Duchess of Cleveland, the Duc de Melfort, Marquiss and Marchioness of Ailesbury, Marquis and. Marchioness of Douro, his Ex cellency the Baron de Brunnow, the Baroness Brunnow and Mdlle. Olga de Lechner, his Excellency the Hanoverian Minister, Marquis of Huntley, Marquis of Conyngham, Marquis of Donegal, Earl Cadogan, Earl of Strathmore, Earl and Countess of Wilton, Earl of Warwick, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, Countess of Jersey and Lady Clemen tina Villiers, Earl of Munster, Earl of Chesterfield, Earl of Falmouth, Countess of Blessington, the Misses Power, Earl of Cardigan, Earl and Countess Granville, Countess Dowager of Essex and-Miss Johnson, Earl of Belfast, Countess of Dalhousie, Earl and Countess of Powis, Countess Grey, 'Viscount Cantalupe, Viscount and Viscountess Maidstone, Viscountess Falkland, Viscount Canterbury, Viscount Ra rielagh, Viscount Castlereagh, Viscount Clifden, Lord and Lady Willoughby de Eresby, Lord and Lady Macdonald, Lord and Lady Ernest Bruce, Lord Alexander Gordon I...ennox, Lord and Lady Seymour, Lord Brougham, Lord Brooke, Lord Gardner, Lord Sandys, Lord Saltoun, Lord A. Fit aclarence, Lady Glentworth, Baron and Baroness Roths child, Baron and Baroness Lionel Rothschild, Baron Re hansen, Baron Nicolai, Baron Koller, Count d'Orsay, Count de Barke, Count de Courcv, Count de Blacas, Hon. G. L. Smythe, Hon. R. Curzon, Hon. W. Willoughby, Hon. J. Mac donald, Hon. Mrs. Dyce Sombre, Hon. R. Lawley, Hon. Mr. Dillon, Sir R. and Lady Peel, Sir Moses and Lady Montefiore, Sir George Talbot, Lady Palmer and Miss Palmer, Sir Loftus and Lady Otway, Sir Alexander and Lady Wood ford and Miss Woodford, Sir Fitzroy anti Lady Kelly, Sir Charles Lemon, Lady Colbourn, Sir Wm. Fremantle, Sir merge Webb, Sir IL Will ou ghby. Sir Andrew Barnard, Sir bliss Wombwell, Sir Bellingham and Lady Graham and ms Graham, L a dy Sl a d e , Sir Hew and Lady and Miss Meux, Lady Douglas, General Upton, Colonel Tynte, Colonel Merrick, Mrs. Colonel Powell, Colonel Bowers, Major Butler, Major Baring, Major Colgreave, Captain Reynolds, Captain Greville, Captain Smith, Captain Laing Messon, M. C. De l iondriaffsky, Mr. and Mrs. Hodgson, Mr. and Mrs. Hubert de Burgh, Mr. and Mrs. Trelawny and Miss Trelawny, Mrs. Cunningham, Mr. C Packe, M.P., Mrs. Packeißeading, Mr. Leader, M.P. Mrs. Mrs. Grote, Mr. Barry Baldwin, M.P. , Mr. G. Delafield, Mr. W. Delafield, Mr. J. Hankey, Mr. Hucksley, li x a . r . W. Williams, Mr. Montagu Gore , Mrs. Cap el, Mr. and G. Philli s Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler , Miss Gyles , Miss Gee, Mr. Clark, Mr. H. Villebois, Mrs. Matheson, Mr. H. Barclay, Mr. Amory, Mr. Howard, Mr. Holtord, Mrs. Perry, Mr. B. Lindo, Mr. Robarts, &c. FERGUSON AND TAYLOR'S MONTHLY TRADE CIRCULAR. Messrs. Ferguson and Taylor, of Manchester, have issued the following Monthly Trade Circular, of Prices Current, which deserves careful attention:— oWhentato o c i r t had been ascertained that the failure in the potato p P, and the d e fi c i enc y of yield of certain cereals last harvest, amounted in money value to a loss by the nation of ecore than t wen ty millions sterling in one year, it became evident to all ;who reasoned on the matter, that such a calamity must inevitably derange our monetary a ff a i rs, and lead to a temporary pros tration, at least, of our manufacti.rieg industry, and some embarrassment to our ordinary commercial enter prise. It was clear that this deficiency in the native S upply of the food o f the people, would have, to a la rge extent, to be met by importations from foreign so urces, and whether such supplies were paid fer by c ommodities or money, the nation would be inimpover risehtuedroso itst resources to the extent of the deficiency in the her own fields ; since those importations Would not be, as in the case of an abundant harvest, an increment to previeusly existent wealth, but, on the con trary, wo u ld h ave to be balanced by a draft on past savings. and th e f u t ure pro d ucts o f our i n d ustr y. With this fact before us, we anticipated a depression in the ho me demand for manufactures, as a consequence of the ad vanced cost of food, and foresaw that a stringency would be experienced in monetary affairs as soon as the "changes turned in favour of those countries whence supplies of bread-stuffs were being imported. '1 he crisis foretold by some of the ablest leaders of public ° Pini 3 n has at length arrived, and, we apprehend, too suddenly many parties who are largely engaged in regulation of banking facilities, to be calmly con lered. The evils against which provision is to be made We conceive has beers too much magnified, and want of .onfidence h as grown out of exc i tment , an d a dded ! the embarrassments of the time. The extent the d emand for sp ec i e f or f ore i gn re mittance and duration of u n f avoura bl e exc h anges h ave, we think, been o ver - estimated ; whilst, on the other hand, the re sourcesas of th e country, an d t h e healthful and leg i t i mate Leis on whi c h i ts tra d e h as b een conducted for some past, have not been allowed their due weight. as Although a high rate of interest appea r s t o b e i nev it a bl e , well as d es i ra bl e, i n or d er to correct the adverse balance of trad e , st ill we b e li eve t h ere ex i sts no reason, Inthe present condition of affairs, or in the probabilities of the future, for that extraordinary stringency in dis counts, and alm os t ( as we h ave h ear d) capricious rejec tion of first class securities, which have taken place daring the past week in London. The effect of the tightness in th e M oney - mar k et h as comp l ete l y para l yze d the trade of thi s di str i ct d ur i ng t h e past wee k . B uyers are unwilling to extend their liabilities, a,,nd, therefore contrac t t h e i r operat i ons w i t h in p su l y ineiy m ip o a s i tlimited compass, confining their investments to mere parcels for assorting stocks. Spin ners and manufacturers, on the other hand, viewing no Probability of an immediate revival of demand, are re ducing production as much as possible, by working !eon time, or closing their mills_ It is a benevol en t fe eling which induces many to continue their work- People in employment, during three or four days per Week, at a loss, rather than add to the privations these poor people already unavoidably endure, by closing their factories altogether. In the meantime stocks are kept from accumulating, and so far a wiser policy prevails now than obtained during the depression of the years of 1838 and 1841. No heavy stocks bang over the market to depress prices much below their natural level, nor are foreign markets being glutted by shipments made by needy manufacturers under advances. We hear of no manufacturers endeavouring to force sales in an overdone market by cheapening production at the cost of the operative;—the rate of wages for labour is maintained, but the market is not over supplied by its products. We believe no former period of depression has found the business transactions of both markets and manufacturers placed on a sounder foundation; there is no undue specu. lation,lorextension of trading to be corrected ; and as stocks are comparatively moderate both abroad and at home, the inference is fairly deducible, that as soon as the present straitness in money matters is withdrawn, a lucrative trade will follow. With respect to the future rule of prices, we are inclined to believe they must be considerably higher than at present as soon as the pre sent monetary pressure shall have passed away. At the present rates of cotton, it is an undoubted fact, spinners and manufacturers cannot continue production, and it does not appear likely that the prices of that staple will speedily decline. Although we doubt the accuracy of the conclusion drawn from the falling off in the arrivals of cotton at the ports of the United States, (which may be occasioned by the accumulation of stock at the sea board, scarcity of storage, high rents and rates of insur ance, advanced freights, scarcity of shipping, &c.,—all favour of retaining supplies in the interior,) still we cannot doubt that so long as supplies are kept back, and uncertainty exists as to the ultimate yield of last year's crop, that the value of the material held here will be firmly supported on the least improveme of demand. To correct the advanced rates of cotton, and equalise production to demand, we have in Manchester, out of 177 mills, employing 41,000 hands, 52 mills, employ ing 12,500 hands, working short time, and 24 mills, employing 7,500 hands, entirely stopped ; iu A shton-under-Lyne, Staly bridge, Dukinfield, Mossley, Fairfield, &c., out of 211 mills, of 6,479 horse power, employing 27,500 hands, there are 4,301 horse power, with 18,032 hands, only working four days per week ; in Stockport, out of 55 mills of 3,648 horse power, and employing 14,592 hands, there are 40 mills, of 3,165 horse power, employing 12,660 hands, that are only working three days a week, and 15 mills of 423 horse power, and 1,692 hands, are entirely stopped ; in Bol ton, out of 53 mills, of 1,425 horse power, employing 7,070 hands, there are 33 mills, of 842 horse power, and employing 4,250 hands, working, on an average, 4i days per week ; in Oldham, Crompton, ItJyton, Chadderton, Lees, and neighbourhood, out of 182 mills, above 100 employing about 17,000 hands, are working only six and eight hours per day, and about 12 mills, employing about 2,000 hands, are stopped altogether; in Rochdale, Boron, Todmorden, Whitworth, and neighbourhood. put of 205 mills, employing 10,064 hands, there are 109 mills, with 13,011 hands, working short time, and 21 mills, with 3,141 hands, entirely stopped. In Blackburn, Preston, and Wigan, " short time" and stoppages are ex tending. It is contemplated by many who are now run ning full time to stop entirely, for a short term at Whit suntide. This course cannot fail to influence prices eventually, as production must now be greatly below con sumption; and as stocks are being cleared off, both abroad and at home, as soon as ever a revival of demand sets in, the value of manufactures must advance. Good harvest prospects, as the season progresses, would speedily give animation to business, and an impulse to prices. STATE OF TRADE. - MANCHESTER, TUESDAY MAY 4.—The announcemen of an intended purchase of English Government Seen rides by the Emperor of Russia, caused a more cheerful feeling in our market on Saturday; but the increasing difficulty of obtaining discounts, and the alarming ac counts of the scarcity of food in Germany, and the con sequent advance of prices in the London market yester day, have entirely dissipated all appearance of improve. tent. The market to-day has been one of the worst ever known; the demand for goods being on the most . 4 limited scale, whilst many manufacturers have evinced a disposition to accept lower prices for quantities. Gene r.!.ll), speaking, however, the business has been confined the purchase of small parcels to supp l y immediate w ants, at about the rates of last Tuesday. The yarn market has also been very flat. A little more business has been done in goods, but at prices below those of last Week. HUDDERSFIELD, TUESDAY, MAY 4.—A1l parties ap -1) ettr to be p ara ly s ed by the great advance o n corn, at M ark-lane, yesterday. We have had several buyers, but they use the greatest caution. Much anxiety is ex rreased, and all seem fearful that we are not at the worst period. LEA, TUESDAY, MAY 4.—The additional rise in the e°lll °lnarket, and the unsettled state of monetar y atfaill, caused our m ar k e t o f thi s day to be very quiet indeed. '44 i ime buys except to definite orders ; a nd such bei:,g o f li g , very little has been doing in the st a p le articles our district.—Manchester Guardian. 4 ROCHDALE, M ONDAY , M AY 3.—We have had an ex • Lre n3 y dull mark e t, w ith very little business tries 71_ meted. The wool market has been quite as flat as the nnel market, and prices much the same as these cf *4 week. . ~~~~ .z bent be. n th boes s f ; Dok e 0, too lin go lop. 4 611, 10 PRE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 6, 1847. MAGAZINES-(CONTINUED.) BENTLEI'S MISCELLANY. rroseto - number of Bentley opens with a Biogra ph etii zseeteti or toe Career (illustrated by a portrait) of William Hiekling Prescott, the most learned and most trustworthy of American historians. The career of Mr. Prescott is one of the most curious and most interesting illustrations of the pursuit of knowledge under difficulties that to ordinary men would have appeared insuperable that has ever been published: Mr. Prescott had not to overcome the difficulties which beset the poor scholar. His position in life has always been that of a man of independence. His father was a judge, and William Melding Prescott was educated at Harvard university, and afterwards travelled all Europe. His aspirations had always been to become a great historian, and the subject which he selected for his first performance was the reign of Ferdinand and Isa bella, the sovereigns under whose auspices the existence of the continent of America was first revealed to Europe; the age of Columbus, and Ferdinand and Isabella, of Cardinal Ximenes, the prototype of Talley rand, and of a gran Capitan Gonzalvo de Cordova, the prototype of Wellington. the soldier-statesman— " Mr. Alexander H. Everett was the American Minister at the Court of Spain when Mr. Prescott decided upon the choice of his subject, and through his aid and that of two other American gentlemen residing at the time in the Ps ninsula, he succeeded in obtaining whatever was known to ' exist, that could not be supplied by the public and private libraries of Boston. Among the works thus pro cured were some brought to light by the researches of recent Spanish scholars, iu the peculiar freedom of inquiry they have enjoyed, which gave him great advantage over previous historians. In his preface he refers particularly to Llorente's History of tt Inquisition, the analysis of the political institutions of the kingdom by such writers as Marina, Sempere, and Campmany ; the version of the Spanish- Arab Chronicles by Conde, the collections of Navarrette, and the illustrations of the reign of Isabella, by Clemencin, the secretary of the Royal Academy of History ; besides which he succeeded in obtaining various contemporary manuscripts, covering the whole ground of the narrative, none of which had been printed, and some of which were but little known to Spanish scholars.• When these literary treasures reached him, Mr. Prescott was not able to read even the title-pages of the volumes." He had lost one eye by accident in his early youth, and had by study so strained the nerve of the other, that lie was all but completely blind. He at first despaired, but " He determined to try whether he could make the ears do the work of the eyes. He taught his reader, unacquainted with any language but his own, to pronounce the Spanish, though not exactly in the accent of the Court of Madrid. He read at a slow and stumbling pace, while the historian listened with painful attention. Practice at length made the work easier for both, though the reader never understood a word of his author. In this way they ploughed along pa tiently through seven Spanish quartos. He found at last that he could go over about two-thirds as much in an hour as he could when read to in English. The experiment (was made, and he became convinced of the practicability of sub stituting the ear for the eye. He was overjoyed, for his library was no longer to consist of sealed volumes. He now obtained the services of a secretary acquainted with the dif ferent ancient and modern languages. Still then were many impediments to overcome. His eye, however, gradually im proved, and he could use it by daylight (never again in the evening) a few hours; though this was not till after some years, and then with repeated intervals of weeks and some dines months of debility. Many a chapter, and some of the severest in Ferdinand and Isabella were written almost wholly with the aid of the eyes of his secretary. His modes operandi was necessarily :peculiar. He selected first, all the authorities in the different languages that could bear on the topic to be discussed. He then listened to the reading of these one after another, dictating very copious notes on each. When the survey was completed, a large pile of notes was amassed, which were read to him over and over again, until the whole had been embraced by his mind, when they were fused down into the consecutive contents of a chapter. When the subject was complex, and not pure narrative, requiring a great variety of reference, and sifting of contradictory autho rities, the work must have been very difficult; but it strength ened memorv, kept his faculties wide awake, and taught him to generalize; for the little details slipped through the holes in the memory. His labour did not end with this process: he found it as difficult to write as to read, and procured in London a large writing case for the blind. This he could use in the dark as well as in the light. The charac ters, indeed, might pass for hieroglyphics, but they were de cyphered by his secretary, and transferred by him to a le gible form in a fair copy. Yet I have heard him say his hair sometimes stood on end at the woful blunders and miscon ceptions of the original, which every now and then escaping detection, found their way into the first proof of the,printer. Amid such difficulties was the composition of the history of Ferdinand and Isabella heroically completed at the end of something less than ten years from its commencement. He • remembered that Johnson says that Milton gave up his His tory of England because it was scarcely possible to write history with the eyes of others; and was stimulated in the midst of his embarrassments to overcome them. Well might he feel a proud satisfaction in conquering the obstacles of nature. Mr. Prestcott had four copies of the History first printed for himself, and had so little confidence in its imme diate success, that he had thought of postponing the publi cation till after his death, but his father told him, " the man who writes a book which lie is afraid to publish is a coward." This decided him. The work was published in the begin ning of 1838. Its reception in his own country, and in all parts of Europe, was such as to repay him, if anything could, for the long nights of toil by which it had been pro duced. On its publication in London, it was praised in the Quarterly and Edinburgh Reviews, and in the leading jour nals, and has since gone through four editions and twelve in the United States ! It was translated into Spanish, Ger man, and Italian; it was everywhere recognised at once as a great history. The voice of posterity was anticipated ;by the unanimous judgment of the learned it was admitted without probation into the circle of immortal works." This history of the composition of this immortal work is to the full as marvellous as the deeds which are therein recorded. Columbus and his patrons overcame what were to all appearance superhuman obstacles — their historian has done the same. His " History of the Conquest of Mexico" followed, and was equally well re ceived, v , eoldrn admired yd n m d bis, m. h re e prd.e is rurril n rid o its w twe engaged in the composition of the History of Philip If. "In Private Life" concludes his biography, e i s e a to belovedl do—ad thand t o thissr Prescott.account, is not man more remarkable for hi s a bili t i es and acquirements than for his amiability, simplicity, and high-bred courtesy. He is one of those men who area blessing as well as an hon our to the communityin this in which number, theya live." We have, additional chapter of " o ` f Ca th pt e ain D S ry pik T e, o " rt th ug e a s s c , en w e h o e f r w e h ich opens in and inth Island Rose, and Mrs. Budd and Biddy have been left by Swash, when she escaped from Uncle Sam's cruiser. Our reader's will recollect the mysterious disappearance of Mulford from on board the Swash during the chace. The handsome mate had taken advantage of the explo sion of a shell to escape, under cos, r of the smoke, from the Swash into the Mexican schooner's boat, while towing astern, to cut the painter, and to paddle her to the island. There, with the assist ance of Jack Tier, he gets the Mexican schooner fit for sea, and with Jack Tier, Mrs. Budd, Rose, and Biddy, embarks for King West. On their voyage thither they encounter a gale which nearly throws the schooner on her beam-ends, and in that position we leave her and her crew. Albert Smith contributes a facetious account of a go-a-head day with Barnum " the Governor" of General Tom Thumb; and W. B. Taylor makes an ingenious, but an unsuccessful attempt at an apology for the Massacre of St. Bartholomew. The gist of his paper is to procure an acquittal for Charles IX., on the ground of insanity, and then to inuendo, that Catherine de Medicis was a retail instead of a wholesale murderess, seeing that her object was only to assassinate C( ligni, and that the tiger spirit of the Parisian mob is alone answerable for the wholesale massacre which followed. But the learned Doctor forgets to mention that orders were given to perpetuate a similar massacre on the same day in every town in France—he forgets that glorious answer of the Mayor of Bordeaux, " Your Majesty has in this city many a loyal subject, but no assassin,' and while for, ed to confess that the Pope expressed his approval of the massacre, and ordered rejoicings, therefore he says, that the massacre could not be considered as the act of the Roman Catholics, because the Pope was a fool. That approval by the then Pope stands upon record ; it was great encouragement to all who felt inclined to perpetrate 1 similar massacres, and before we can agree with Dr. Taylor, that the Roman Catholic religion is not an swerable for this massacre, we demand the production of a distinct and positive repudiation by a wise Pope of the distinct approval promulgated by the (as he terms him) oolish Pope. Surely there is nothing unfair or bigotted is this. The other articles of Bentley are excellent. lit t le solicitous as to whether they observed fastsand " Civil and Religious Liberty," written in the same spirit. is a snoer tigairst those who are independent enough to thin k for thernsk iv to that evur) Inan may be at liberty to worship his Creator in the manner he deems most fitting, and who refuse to submit to the ipse dixit of any man or body of men. Thank God, religious liberty has progressed, is progressing, and will progress, despite such puny attacks. The nation in ge neral has discovered that it means something more than the sagacious writer understands, when he states that it is " the liberty to be of no religion at all, and to abuse as bigots and illiberal th ose who do not think like our selves." The remainder of the number consists of short reviews and the usual university intelligence, which con tains, inter alia, the second report of proceedings in the Observatory relating to the new planet Neptune. State of the Odds," and the Conning Calendar, close an excellent number. There are two good engravings 1.1.;0,—" All on the Downs," and portraits of the F,rey h 2,1.),es X VIL THE KNIGHT OF Cff YNIVE. No. By Chades Lever. The brilliant, sketchy pen of Mr. Lever revels in these chapters over the expedition of Abercrombie to Egypt. That expedition was undoubtedly conducted with a valour and alacrity most creditable to the British army, and it was particularly creditable at a moment when the various powers of the known world were being con quered by the indomitable prowess of the French soldiers and the wonder Sul military genius of the Frei eh commanders. With Kleber in Africa, and Desaix as his assistant, and Moreau in Germany, and Hocke in La Vend 4, and Bernadotte in the interior, and Bonaparte now in Italy, now upon the eastern shores of the British Channel, and now again in the deserts of Syria, France offered defiance to all the hosts of Europe and Africa. and marched through a succession of victories and through leagues of vanquished territories. The tri umphant expedition undertaken by the veteran Aber crombie, and opened by his heroic dissolution, was the first discomfiture of the French battalions since the Revolution had merged into the Republic One and In divisible. Harry Lorrequer is so elated by the recollec tion of these successes that he degenerates into the flatterer of our insular vanity and the traducer of the valorous children of liberated France. To him the English military service is of course the very beim idea of chivalric perfection: its leaders are to him, of course, sans peur et sans rapproche: the regiments are to him, of course, congregations of heroes. To him, moreover, the French military service is, of course, the most damnable of modern institutions: its generals are to him, of course, ignorant parvenus and rascally marauders : its privates are to him, of course, mere assemblies of convicted felons and profligate ruffians—ragged, insubordinate, sometimes even mean and pusillanimous. We protest against these egregious John. Bullisms, they are un becoming a generous and fine-spirited race. Apart from these little contemptible nationalities, we are gratified with progress made in the fiction, although we are sorely distressed at the protracted absence of our old favourite Bagenal Daly. In this seventeenth number, Dr. Hick man is discomfited in his treacherous designs upon Lady Eleanor, the Knight himself is cap tured by the French troops on their flight from Aboukir to Alexandria, and Forester, who had enlisted in " Darcy's Volunteers," and been seriously wounded in endeavouring to rescue t he ga llant old Colonel, is exchanged among the ordinary pri soners, and discovered to have succeeded to an earldom, in consequence of the death of his elder brother. We may consequently anticipate the speedy celebration of his marriage with Helen Darcy, and the close of the narrative. The incidental portraiture of Menou---the most incompetent of all the French Generals—is clever and faithful. LITERATURE. HISTORY OF THE CAPTIVITY OF NAPO LEON, Vole. 111. and IV. By General Count Montholon. Exactly twenty-six years ago, dating from this sth of May, 1847, namely, on the sth of May, 1821, the Emperor Napoleon died in the arms of Montholon on the miser able island of St Helena. It cannot be without peculiar emotion that those who sympathize with genius and mis fortune, open a narrative penned by so faithful and affec tionate an adherent. The aspiration of Lord Palmerston, that all our old animosities should be buried in the tomb of Napoleon, has been long since fulfilled, and it is new the particular privilege of Englishmen to atone for the unmerited aspersions of a preceding generation, and the malignant cruelties of a former Government by the candid and honourable reception of such histories as the one just completed by General Count Montholon. The work is unquestionably among the most remarkable of the present century ; and it is remarkable not so much for the additional light it throws upcn the domestic virtues of Napoleon, as for the new illustration it aff eels of his legislative policy, and his incomprehensible intel lect. In these respects the " History of the Captivity" by Montholon possesses a twofold interest. It completes the picture of the exile at Longwoud, which had been already coe.menced by Las Casas, by Gourgaud, by Miss Bal eombe (now Mrs. Abell), by O'Meara, by Captain Basil Hall, and by Autommarchi. It does more, it furnishes conclusive testimony as to the principles by which the imperial Government was actuated, and the plans it w es intended to accomplish. This testimony, be it observe d, is contained in very lengthened dictations from the lips of Napoleon himself. Thanks to the eternal vitality of truth, the facts of history will " out," as assuredly as the commission of murder. In spite of the most specious and elaborated'calumnies, in spite of lying biographers, and unprincipled historians, and infamous commentators, no personage really great and good can long be held up to the detestation of mankind. How sublimely has not this been very recently instanced in the case of the Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell ; the character of the Em peror Napoleon is in like manner becoming gradually revealed to us English in its true brightness ; the fogs of vituperation a n n a d m s e w land h e i r nh are th r ey olli hve n a gaw h a it y ne fr r o tu mthenoble and majestic darkened. No man has ever been so monstrously and pertinaciously traduced ; no man has ever been the object of such gra tuitous and flagrant obloquy. That libels should have n a p a p tu e r a a r l e eared 0 n i n se t q h u e n n h n e n a tuof the f i n t b e i r t n te a r ti o se n n a ti l m c o e n n fl ts ic e t n i b engenderethed by warfare. That an ungrateful hypocrite like Bouri enne should malign his benefactor is a very comprehen sible act of atrocity, for, as William Hazlitt has said, " there is no hatred equal to that we feel towards those we have injured." That a brother like Louis Bonaparte should publish two volumes of false accusation against the very man who had crowned him with the diadem of Holland, is one of those deplorable ebullitions of spleen which can be readily understood, and it is a fault which has been generously forgiven and nobly expiated. We can conceive, too, how a regicide like Fouch‘ could de scend to the ignoble and damning infamy of traduce ment ; but that Chat e a u briand—the pure and lofty minded Chateaubriand, the panegyrist and the philoso pher of Christianity—should become the lying pam phleteer of legitimacy; that Sir Walter Scott—the high priest of imaginative literature, the avatar of romance, and the glory of his age—should dwindle down into the sycophant of a king-adoring rabble ; that Colonel Mitchell — a mem b er of that profession which, before for its love of honesty, and valour, and truthfulness, beyend comprehension, —should degenerate into the falsifier of history and the sacred depositary of m an y slanderer of a deceased hero ; that these and a host of less important writers should deliberately, with malice his appearance, had been remarkable prepense, endeavour to garble a story which was the inevitably render them the perpetual derision of mankind. Their venom and ability have been equally employed in vain. Their aspersions have fallen as ludicrously short of the mark as the javelins ofthe Lilliputiansdid of the head andillumstursiotus lives, is utterly of the upstanding Gulliver. Napoleon himself was conscious of that sublime moral integrity which can alone render an historical character invulnerable to malignity, g u iltBYls of the reoeshaGde 1 Government attack. He smiled with equal contempt at the libels of his many assailants and at those fulsome panegyrics whichwhieh N t v h e e re au so th o o ft r e o n f uite w re a d ve a r t i the foot of his throne in the days of his supreme greatness. e I appeal to history 1" as "in some degree, the etal was his frequent exclamation ; as in his celebrated pro test of the 4th of August, 1815. He was consoled by an implicit confidence in that love of distant posterity affec tion." And his reliance is m already being verified. Not merely is his last wish complied with, not only do his august remains repose "in the midst of that French people whom he loved so well," not merely is a monu ment being erected to his memory "under the dome in 11; h si a e s s hoarnialytusrpaol spoken n ec o - f the midst of the temple consecrated by religion to the God of armies," but it was solemnly asseverated in the 1 18 n 4 d 0— co d i ll is r e i g n u g e i n h t e ly Feign ot Chamber of Deputies, by the French Government of a younger Bourbon—it was 'solemnly asseverated before Europe, " Napoleon was an cif the Orleans Louis Philippe, Emperor and a King ; he was the legitimate sovereign of our country 1" Paltry then was the revenge, which deided to him in his captivity that iw pedal title which had been conferred upon him by the 1 voice of an unanimous people, and the chrism of the Pon t ['mate! What does history declare of the unanimity of the French people in his election to the throne? Thus speaks Beurienne—even Bourienne—(vol. iii., p. 163 ) " France at that time (1804) contained 108 departments, avoutdedthaegracinwsetre3, hereditarys ,898 . . c v e o e t s e s r i s o . n., o , f m th u e s se sp o e t a il k y s 2 5 ,.5 . 6 , 9 , (vol. v. p. 160), .. Upwards 0f3,500,000 citizens had given their votes on this occasion; of whom only about 3,500 had declared against the proposition." Thus, again, speaks the Duchess d'Abrantes (vol. iv. p. 69), " It is worthy of remark, that for the empire there were only 2,579 negative votes." And thus speaks Hazlitt (vol. iii. p. :sitshown, ,nomw blunderingsee subjected 117), " The First Consul became Emperor, by a majo rity of two millions some hundred thousand votes to a few hundreds." Was William of Orange, think you, rightful Sovereign, as we all acknowledge him to be, t fo o r f e St. James'.:, welcomed with a similar accordance by our Eng bjected Napoleon fish forefathers ? To gratify, therefore, au ignoblerangiranging ver " d i i n s i s o ip n a s t i e s d to this frivolous insult ; anti but one man, Vassal Hol land, had the courage or the magnanimity to raise his voice in the House of Lords against this wretched system —namely, the belief that Napoleon was an usurper; and England, b y signing the Treaty of Paris with him in 1814, and by combining with the other powers of Europe to restrict his Sovereignty within the circumference of Elba, there and then virtually ( th therefore, persecution.a s we h O a n v e e proclaimed before the world that he was: no usurper. The arch-sin that remains levelled against him is consequently the sin of ambition ; and to di,cern how far he is culpable or not in this respect it is necessary to discover the principles and the purposes of that ambition. Mankind cannot r est satisfied, however, in observing with the Encyclop a di a Brztannica, that o i n e xtenuation of the ' glorious fault,' he might say, like Mahommed, "Je fns arnbitieux . . ... m a is jewels rth, pontife, ou chef; ou citoyen, Ne concus in preset aussi grand qu i l e m i en. " Mankind, we repeat it, cannot rest satisfied with such an extenuation. We are not all of us capacitated, like Thomas Carlyle, to become mere hero worshippers. The tangible glory must rest upon the durable basis of moral greatness tows n universal admiratio n , an d a last ing popularity. A choolboy may have his mind in flamed with wo nder . _ and enthusia sm b y t h e id ea o f Napoleon on the bridge of Lodi, among the quagmires l of of Arcola, under the_ sha e •oi e the Pyramids, among the olives of Meunt Thabor, among the corn-fields of Marengo, or among the crags and glaciers of the Great St. Bernard. But the full-grown man, the ripe thinker, the lover of judicious discrimination, will look rather to the causes and effects than to the actual achievments ; he will inquire rather into the origin of a battle than into the trophies of a victory ; he will consider the con sequences effected by a campaign rather than the var able disposition of the belligerent armies ; and, above all, lie will regard the intentiors and the spirit of the in ternal and external government of a v - onderful mortal Ile ist Empco N't fv ,na Igo &wn to po4terity, 'no sail, " with the Code in my hand." That, for example, is one of his chiefest glories—the Code IVapulenn which has been justly declared to have proved not only" a boon of inestimable value to France, but to be even at this day received as authoritative in a great portion of Eu rope." Those who have not already formed a decisive opinion as to the character of this extraordinary man— who have not investigated the writings, for and against, b 7 Botta, Capefique,Caulaineourt, Bourienne, Boutourlin, Norvins, Pacia, Pelet, O'Meara, Larrey, - Lecretelle, A utommarchi, Las Cases, Beauchamp, Scott, Artaud, Hazlitt, Berthier, De Bausset, Ireland, Thiers, Mignet, Michelet, Vandoncourt, Thibaudeau, D'Abrantes, St. Segur, Rovigo, Gourgaud, Montgaillard, Men neval, lomini, Labautne, Chaboulon, Dumas, Benjamin Constant, and a multitude of other authorities the very enumeration of whom is bewildering—will find mate rial assistance in these volumes by Generai Count Montholon. As an example of how far the " History of the captivity," tends to the elucidation of Napoleon's policy, and the explanation of his ambition, we give this one significant paragraph:— " Peace once signed in Moscow, the war in Russia would be the last continental war of the reign of Napoleon ; as re garded the great cause of the people, it would be the ter mination of danger and the beginning of security. A new era would open, and new works be commenced for the well being and prosperity of all. The European system being founded, there would only be to consider of its organization. The cause of the age would be gained, and the revolution ac complished. Napoleon would be the arch of the ancient and new alliance, the natural mediator between the old and new order of things. Not having identified himself with either, he would belong to both, and would conscientiously support the cause of each in a general congress, where everything would be organized for the European continent, in the wisely-combined interest of the people and their govern ments. His glory would consist in his equity. Europe would, in future, be really only one combination of all the people who inhabit it. " When this great work was finished, hi would associate his son with him in the empire; his reign as Dictator would terminate, and a freely constitutional reign would commence. He meant to found a royal institution at Meudan for the education of the King of ilome, and his project was to edu cate there together all the ponces of his family, particularly of those branches of it which he bad placed on foreign thrones, in order to join the advantages of private and public education. Destined to reign over different nations, these children would have acquired, during the course of their education in common, similar manners, principles, and ideas; and in order the better to facilitate the fusion of the federa tive pactions of the empire, each of these princes should have taken with him, on his leaving the institution, ten or twelve young persons of his own age, and of the first families of his adopted country ; and the effect of this, would have been immense." To those individuals who view Napoleon as goaded on by an insatiable lust for war, we commend the following brief sentences:— " Napoleon regarded a general peace as the first step towards the regeneration of Europe; and when he was at the very height of his power, he renewed his offer of peace with England, in concert with the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia, who had gone to Dresden for the ex press purpose of paying him a visit, and openly testifying the sincerity of their alliance. The English Ministry and the libels of all the oligarchs in the world may say what they please; it is nevertheless true, that the Emperor Na poleon always desired peace with England. " So also, when surrounded by a royal cortege, and when 400,000 soldiers, under the French eagle, were encamped on the banks of the Niemen, he again held out a friendly hand to the Emperor Alexander, and sent to him his aide-de-camp, ' Count Narbonne, to make a last effort for the re-establish ment of harmony between two sovereigns, who, not long be- fore, had mutually engaged to act as brothers." These statements reminds us of some observations contained in the Memoirs of Rovigo, the recollFction of which can never fade from our memory. " The Em peror," says Savory (Vol 3, p. 8 1 ), " far f r om takin g an undue advantage of any his victories, had always re frained from oppressing the vanquished. He constantly checked himself in his triumphs, being reluctant, as he used to say, to reduce a nation to despair. In Italy he made the first step towards reconciling the French revo lution with Europe ; and he laid the basis of a peace which was signed at Campo Formio. After the battles of Marengo and Hohenlinden, he stopped when it was in his power to have marched to Vienna. After the battle of Austerlitz, he stopt short, _ . when it was in his power to have confounded the most shameful of aggressions. And at Tilsit, after the battle ,f Friedland, he renounced all the advantages of a war still more fortunate than the first ; and did not follow up his successes against a power whose forces were ex hausted, because he wished to facilitate peace, and to secure the tranquillity of Europe on a steady foundat'on. Such examples of magna nimity," concludes the Duke of Rovigo, " deserve to be remembered." As a species of corollary to this, we extract the entire of a very long document, too im portant, for a thousand reasons, to curtail ; it contains "Napoleon's Advice to his Son, the King of Rome, dic tated to Count Montholon, by the Emperor, shortly be fore the death of the later." Let those who consider Napoleon only as a despot, as a successful soldier, as a monster of cruelty, as an enemy to liberty, and especially to the liberty of the press—weigh every phrase and syllable of this glorious and beautiful document. " My son should not think of avenging my death ; he should profit by it. Let the remembrance of what I have done never leave his mind; let him always be, like me, every inch a Frenchman. The aim of all his efforts should be, to reign by peace: if he should recomtpence my wars out of pure love of imitation, and without any absolute neces sity, he would be a mere ape. To do my work over again would be to suppose that I had done nothing; to complete it, on the contrary, would be to show the solidity of the basis, and explain the whole plan of an edifice which I had only roughly sketched ; the same thing is not done twice in a century: I was obliged to daunt Europe by my arms; in the present day, the way is to convince her. I saved the revolution which was about to perish ; I raised it from its ruins, and showed it to the world beaming with glory. I have implanted new ideas in France and in Europe; they cannot retrograde: let my son bring into blossom all that I have sown ; let him develop all the elements of prosperity enclosed in the soil of France, and by these means he may yet be a great sovereign. " The Bourbons will not maintain their position after my death ; a reaction in my favour will take place everywhere, even in England ; this will be a fine inheritance for my son. It is possible that the English, in order to efface the remem brance of their persecutions, will favour my son's return to France; but in order to live in a good understanding with England, it is necessary, at any cost, to favour her com mercial interests: this necessity leads to one of these two consequences—war with England, or a sharing of the com merce of the world with her. This second condition is the only one possible in the present day; the exterior question will long take precedence in France of the interior. I be queath to my son sufficient strength and sympathy to enable him to continue my work with the single aid of an elevated and conciliatory diplomacy. His position at Vienna is de plorable. Will Austria set him at liberty unconditionally? But after all, Francis I. was once in a more critical position, and yet his French nationality was nothing impaired by it. Let not my son ever mount the throne by the aid of foreign influence; his aim should not be to fulfil a desire to reign, but to deserve the approbation of posterity. Let him cherish an intimacy with my family, whenever it shall be in his power. My mother is a woman of the old school; Joseph and Eugene are able to give him good counsel ; Hortense and Catherine are superior women. If he remains in exile, let him marry one of my nieces. If France recals him, let him seek the hand of a Princess of Russia : this Court is the only one where family ties rule policy. The alliance which he may contract should tend to increase the exterior in fluence of France, and not to introduce a foreign influence into its counsels. The French nation, when it is not taken the wrong way, is more easily governed than any other: its prompt and easy comprehension is unequalled; it immedi ately discerns who labours for, and who against it; but then it is necessary always to speak to its sense, otherwise its un easy spirit gnaws, it ferments and explodes. " My son will arrive after a time of civil troubles ; he has but one party to fear—that cf the Duke of Orleans: this party has been germinating for a long time. On this point, repeat to him what Bertrand said to me: let him despise all parties, and only see the mass of the people; exceptin.4 those who have betrayed their country, he ought to for,,t - et the previous conduct of all men, and reward talent, merit, and services, wherever he finds them. Chateaubriand, not withstanding his libel, is a good Frenchman. " France is the country where the chiefs cf parties have the least influence; to rest for support on them is to build on sand. Great things can only be done in France by having the support of the mass of the people; and, besides, a Go vernment should always seek for support where it. is really to be found. There are moral laws as inflexible and imperious as made to adopt; the water will de s c end tion which they are o te th p e lly n s o ic b a le l s o a n n e d s. th l e 'h p e rie l s 3o ts u , rwhobonsti • has raised it for a moment. I, on the contrary , relied on th e whole mass again to its level, in spite of the machine which may only b r e e l t y h f e o r c t o u r . t Bourbons e c v a e i r l of the people without exception. I set the example of a go vernment, which favoured the interests of all. I did not go vern by the help of, or solely for, either the nobles, the the Itheete whole family I go ott v h e e rn t e ,r d en f e o i r i ~.7 h i eo lt e s ,c ot t h n e m c u i n t ii z t e y t 7 , f oo r r na tion. To divide the interests of a nation is to injure them all, and engender civil war. A thing indivisible by nature cannot be divided ; it can only be mutilated. 1 attach no importance to the constitution, of the principal bases of which I have made a draft. Good to-day, it may be bad to-morrow ; and, besides, nothing should be definitively settled on this point without the formal consent of the nation; but its fundamental principle should be the universality of votes. "My nobility will afford no support to my son; I re quired more than one generation to succeed in making them iTutne,my colour, and preserve by re tradition the f d depo sit of my moral conq u e s t s . From the year 181 5, ac all the grandees openly espoused the opposite party. I felt no re liance either on my marshals or my nobility, not even on my colonels; but the whole mass of the people and the whole army, up to the grade of captain, were on my side. I was not deceived in feeling this confidence; they owe much to me ; I was their true representative. My dictator ship was indispensable; and the proof of this is, that they always offered me more power than I desired. In the present day , there is nothing possible in France but. what is necessary. It will not be the same with my son : his power will be disputed; he must anticipate every desire for liberty. It is, besides, easier in ordinary times, to reign with the help of the Chambers than alone: the assemblies take a great part of your responsibility, and nothing is more easy than always to have the majority on your side; but care must be taken not to demoralize the country The in fluence of the Government in France is in , mense ; and if it understands the way, it has no need of employing corruption in order to find support on all sides. The aim of a sovereign is not only to reign, but to diffuse instruction, morality, and well-being; and any thing false is but a bad aid. ~ i n my youth, I, too, entertained some illusions; but I soon recovered from them. The great orators who rule the assemblies by the brilliancy of their eloquence are in general men of the most mediocre political talents : they should not be opposed in their own way ; for they have always more noisy words at command than you. Their eloquence should be opposed by a serious and logical argument; their strength lies in vagueness ; they should be brought back to the reality of facts; practical arguments destroy them. In the council, there were men possessed of much more eloquence than I was; I always defeated them by this simple argument—two and two make four. France possesses very clever practical men; the only thing necessary is to find them, and to give them the means of reaching the proper station : such a one r is'itt the plough, who ought to be in the council ; and such another is Minister, who ought to be at the plough. Let not my son be astonished to hear men, the most reasonable to all appearance, propose to him the most absurd plans. From f the Grand Turk, every law to the despotism c the agrarian DOUGLAS JERROLD'S. The " History of St. Giles and St. James" is con cluded in this number. St. James is, of course, ac quitted of the murder of Snipeton ; Tom Blast dies of the wound he has received from Snipeton, but before his death confesses that he it was who stole the horse, for the theft of which St. Giles was originally sentenced. His confession, however, goes for nothing, and St. Giles is sentenced to death f , r returning from transportation. "Briefly, St. Gies was not hanged. No. St. James re peated the good work of his boyhood, and—aided by Cap stick, who made his maiden speech in Parliament on the question, calling the attention of the minister to the confes sion of Blast—St. Giles was pardoned. He married Becky, and lived and died a decent shopkeeper. Indeed, he had so far beaten the prejudices of the world, that ere he parted from it, he had been intrusted with the duties of church warden. "St. James, a few weeks after the trial, went abroad, made the grand tour, returned, married a duke's daughter, and to the end of his days, supported to the utmost the dignity of his order. " Mr. Crossbone, defeated in his hopes of court preferment, again retired to the country, to cultivate the weeds of life. He, however, had the subsequent satisfaction of transporting Mr. Robert Willis, for highway robbery ; an operation per formed at the cheapest cost to Mr. Crossbone, as the robber pillaged him ofonly four-and-twopence and a tobacco-stopper. "A metropolitan tombstone still attests the pleasing fact. that Mr. Tangle died at the age of ei_ghty -two, " a faithful husband, an affectionate father, and an unswerving friend. His charity was as boundless as it was unostentatious." Thus speaks Tangle's tomb-stone; and who—save it may be the recording angel—shall contrrdict a tomb-stone ? And Clarissa—What of Clarissa? She shrank from the world, and living, was not of life, but died the daily death of a wasting heart—one other victim to the thousands gone and—to come. _ _ _ "And Capstick, at the end of the first session, took office— became the steward of the Chiltern Hundreds. He and Bright Jem went back to the Tub, and many a time would talk of the events that, all imperfectly, we have chronicled in these pages. Capstick retained his old humour to the last. He would often talk of St. James and St. Giles, and would always end his discourse in something like these words : "‘ Well, St. James sneaked away upon a tour, and St. Giles was pardoned; all right that it should be so. Never theless, Jem, as it's turned out, it's more like th e ha ppy wind-up of a story on paper than a bit of real life. I can't make it out how it has so happened ' • for I expected nothing less than that St. Giles would be hanged, and the Lord St. James sent to some foreign court as English Ambassador.'' The " Dreamer and Worker" is continued, and we are introduced to a variety of schemers who, in conjuncion with Mr. Walter, are about to start a scheme for the regeneration of the world, and the filling of their own purses at the same time. Archer joins the Walters at Portsmouth, and con,ents to the postponement of the marriage between himself and Mary for a short time. Paul Bell gives us a pleasant plea for pictures in his paper, "My Lame Boy's Tastes," in which he adminis ters a richly-deserved castigation to the Lakers, aria vehemently protests against the blasphemy of Cowper " that man and not Go made the town"—a blasphemy which has been repeated parrot-like by every dreamy, half idiotic, idle humbug from the days of the nervous and night•capped fatalist to those of our own, as an excuse for neglecting the Divine command "to live by the sweat of his brow." " A Word or Two on Music" is a word in season, and we recommend the paper to the attentive perusal of all the unto guid. "Fables for Foolish Fellows" are continued, and we have sever,' other excellent articles in this number of Douglas Jerrold. Edited by Albert THE MAN ..121 , THE illuON. Smith and Angus B. Reach. Mr. Crindle's rapid career is continued most amusingly. It is evident that he will soon be in a condition to render it advisable for him to quit his native land. Let him not go to Australia or Canada, or any slow place of that sort. The " States" alone will suit such a go-ahead gentleman as Mr. Crindle, in which case we recommend to his study the article in this month's " Man in the Moon," entitled " Brother Jonathan and the Duel." The tenth rule of this American manual of duelling is thoroughly Yankee. "X. The Sixth Commandment was well enough for a Theocracy, but is useless in a free and enlightened Republic." The following is an admirable hit: — "FINE ARTS.—Motto for Mr. Turner's picture of 'Getting Tired of the Ball,' in the Exhibition— " The azure moon that through the verdant clouds Bathes the -vermillion waves with floods of blue, Sees nought but yon gondola of pink haze, And red-hot dots of men." It is too bad to plunder this "Man in the Moon" any further, but he is so rich in fun that he will never miss it, so here goes:— " A Goon STORY, &c. Sec. &c.—There is hardly a space of half•a-dozen square inches in the new House of Lords which is not occupied by countless repetitions, carved in Gothic characters, of the novel and original legend of God save the Queen.' The notion is facetious—but somehow the motto begins to pall upon one at about the hundred and ninety-ninth reading. Does Mr. Barry expect that his prayers will be beard for his much' carving? However, we suppose it is all Gothic and right. By the way—the House is lighted in the modern fashion. This is wrong—we should have had mediaeval gas. THE SPURTING REVIEW. ," The Racing in April," by " Craven," contains a good account of the events of the past month, probably the most interesting, though not the most exciting period of the year to the turfite, New horses make their ap• pearance, the pretension of many nominal fliers receive the coup de grace, while others come out in a style and figure that render them truly formidable to those who have opposed-them lustily, and excite the hopes of their friends to the highest pitch; who confidently predict unheard of tahveou pastr ites year, yield in ld a e easy new wonders as to their futu re perf o r ma nc e s. E ve n the old favourites light. Some t o e me others the ers victors of m they made no account in bye-gene times ; places are reversed, the last, frequently becomes first, and the first last. Meanwhile every race is watched with the closest scrutiny—every indication that, by a possibility can throw any light on the great event of the year, is diligently observed and duly calculated on. Craven is a keen sportsman, and his comments will be found worthy of the closest attention of " the betting fraternity." The continuation of "The Handbook ut the Chase," by the Editor, gives a good account of some of " the holiday hunts;" amongst which, the packs of Lord Fitzhardinge and Redesdale, and of the Duke of Beaufort, occupy conspicuous places. The present chap ter on Metropolitan Horses, by Harry Hteover, is de voted to the hack, or road-star. Harry, as usual, is eloquent on the several qualifications and defects of this humble description of nag. We shall'allow him to state for himself one of the essentials:— " Showy action is now so indispensable in the metropolitan horse for every purpose, that dealers are aware it is useless to purchase anything for the London market that does not possess it : in fact, all the horses that have it are collected in London. If one of our ancestors was to look at us now, he would very naturally be struck by the altered action of London horses, and would probably think we had iin liroved, or at least altered, our breed. He would be right as to the different action of the horses he would see in the streets; but it must be remembered that if among the thousands bred, all those with lofty action are brought here, and those that have it not are left in the coun try, it does not follow that our general breed is altered to the extent he might be led to imagine by what he might see in London, though I doubt not but that breeders do, as far as 1 they can, now endeavour to get into a strain of high-goers, 1 and probably will even do so with still greater attention ; for 1 a colt, however good he may be in other respects, is now valueless without this fashionable style of going." Ladies horses, too, and even the pony, come under his observation. " Highland Sports and Quarters" is con- THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE REVIEW. t b i i t d iu d e e d n , by Linton, who is tantalised by t h e s ight o f for- The present number opens with a strong a r t i cle in deer during a journey to a villag e w ith th e euphonious name of Ballaiinlish " favour of Lord Dundonald, the gallant and distinguished Sporting Life from London," by Lord William Lennox , • steeple but deeply-injured hero. Few have ever had a more chasing, fishing, boating, d touches on brilliant career, or evinced greater bravery during the varied amusements 'g accountsn of c e ri . c t ig o t, r o all of which period of his service; and few have suffered more antes are given. The transactions noticed are severely from what, we believe, is now universally ad- very recent date, but they will ever be interesting to mitted to be an unwarranted condemnation, and the the amateur. Another amusement which may be en most vindictive persecution. Lord Du ndonald, it is joyed at a chea p rate from London, is Jack true,. has been reinstated in the navy. The Royal son's Hunting-grounds, where "a man may have a pardon has been extended, but that very pardon implies gallop of an hour over a grass country, in which every the forgiveness of guilt. and that is still painful to the species of fence may be found, for 7s. 6d. " Intercepted high-minded veteran. He pains that the stain should Correspondence from Northamptonshire" is continued, be removed from his name, that he should receive wbil , ! the followers of old Isaac will be propitiated by not a pardon but an acquittal, or at least that the " A Week's Fishing in South Devon." "The Resources , restoration of all his honours should show that the Go- of a Country Gentleman" urges the national advantages vernment feel in accordance with the nation at large, derivable from the taste for fie Id sports. Among our that he was innocent of the crime laid to his charge. lauded gentry, the number of persons engaged arc " Luther, his Life and Principles," is a slight sketch of roughly estimated as follows : the Great Reformer's history, taken from Michelet's works, "In the various papers published during the winter and which professes to be an abstract of his principles. months, it will be found there are four packs of hounds which The former part will be perused with much attention, hunt five and six days iii the week—Earl Fitzhardinge's, all the events occurring during the time of so great a Lord 11. Bentinck's, Sir Richard Sutton's, and Mr. Assheton moral revolution to its chief, must necessarily possess a S e n r ilt o h f 's h ; or a s n es d I k amconvinced lam not exceeding the num thrilling interest. The latter part we are not so well b fifty ; thus thereptarien hundred t e N a v c o hestablishm h ent by rating them at horses and allowing a satisfied with. It is written in the spirit of modern man to two horses, one hundred men are engaged. The. e tractarianism, and speaks of the " imperfections of his , are upwards of twenty packs whi c h hunt four, and occasion system," and " the erroneousness of h is principles,' ally five days in the week, to which may be assigned as a and "of the radical defect of the Lutheran Reforms- low average twenty-five horses to each, consequently five tion, being the contempt in which it held antiquity." hundred horses will give employment to two hundred end " The Churches of London;" the fourth under that fifty men. About forty packs hunt three days in the week, title, contains a comparison between St, George's, Han- using fifteen horses each, which, amounting to six hundred, over-square, and St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, very much employ thre r e se h s un to dre e d m i en. Thirty packs two days a week, to the prejudice of the former, which is railed at, tn he ac 1, will be three hundred horses, and t4e consequently one hundred and fifty men. In the numerous " as pursuing a cold, hearless, defective system, fox-hunting establishments, therefore, eight hundred men rigidly formal, in some respects, stiffly puritaniesl, are engaged. in others, highly ultra-Protestant in almost all." W "It may be computed that at the very least one hundred suspect it is to the latter part of the sentence, that the sportsmen are regular attendants upon the four first-named indignation of the gentleman who styles himself "Rid- packs, who on the-average keep three horses a-piece—of ley" is to be ascribed. Th e r i g id formality would not, course twiny keep considerably more; they will at that low we suspect, be so very objectionable to one who utters r ,te have an aggregate of twelve hundred horses and six such touching jer e mi a d s r e specting matters that to hundred men. The twenty packs hunting four days in the others seem of trivial importance—who is in horrors at week, supposing them to hay- an equal number of attendants, the prayers being said, and not sung ; and who cannot each keeping two horses, will be two thousand horses, and one thousand men. Forty packs hunting three days a week, conceive that the Deity can be worshipped in a church unless the altar was at the east end—as if there was a sixty,and reducing a t i t , l i t i e r estimate themthe ol tn tl e e ri n t um e h f er a ofilo horse to half portion of the building where the Almighty was not• ei.iii, wilt be thre b e r th otii and six average e mdred hors ' e% an a d nd a one " Thoughts on the Pleasures and Amusements of the thousand eight hundred men. There will don' be about Agricultural Poor" follows, in some degree the preyed- twenty-six packs to account for, which hunt two days in the ing bias, although it laments—and in so doing we cur- I week: supposing they have only forty regular attendants, dially agree with it—the want of pleating rcereati ,, r. 1-.;.q , .ning the same average number of horses as above, they for the humbler classes, it mor e d ee ply bewails the n .n- hill possess one thou , and five hundred and sixty horses, and observance of holidays and festivals. We would gladly seven hundred and eig .ty men. Summing them up, we find see greater attention paid to the happine. a and couleee 8 nearly four thousand men engaged in the care of hunters Of the agricultural and manufacturing poor, to their a lone." innocent amusements, and social enjoyments, although A considerable quantity of sporting intelligence, " the system finds an apologist in France ; le t him listen to them all ; let him take every thing at its just value, and surround himself by all the real capacity of the country. The French pa.ple are influenced by to powerful passions, KLich seem opposed, but which, nevertheless, are derived from one and the same feeling—viz., love of liberty, and love of distinc tion. A government can only satisfy these two wants by the most exact justice. The law and action of the government must be equal towards all ; honours and rewards must be bestowed on the men who seem in the eyes of all to be the most worthy of them. Merit may be pardoned, but not in trigue. The Order of the Legion of Honour has been an immense and powerful incitement to virtue, talent, and cou rage; if ill employed, it would become a great evil, by alien ating the whole army, if the spirit of court intrigue and co terie presided at its nominations or at its administration. " 111 v son will be obliged to allow the liberty of the press : this is a necessity in the present day. In order to govern, it is not necessary to pursue a more or less perfect theory, but to build with the materials which are under one's hand ; to submit to necessities, and profit by them. The liberty of the press ought to become, in the hands of the Government, a powerful auxiliary in diffusing, through all the most distant co ners of the empire, sound doctrines and good principles. To leave it to itself would be to fall asleep on the brink of a danger. On the conclusion of a general peace, 1 would have instituted a Directory of the Press, composed of the ablest men of the country, and I would have diffused, even to the most distant hamlet, my ideas and my intentions. In the present day, it is impossible to remain, as one might have done three hundred years ago, a quiet spectator of the trans formations of society ; now, one must, under pain of death, either direct or hinder everything. " My son ought to be a man of new ideas, and of the cause which I have made triumphant everywhere. He ought to establish institutions which may efface all traces of the feudal law, secure the dignity of man, and develop those germs of prosperity which have been budding for centuries. He should propagate, in all those countries now uncivilised and barba rous, the benefits of Christianity and civilisation. Such should be the aim of all my son's thoughts; such is the cause for which I die a martyr to the hatred of the oligarchs, of which I am the object. Let him consider the holiness of my cause. Look at the regicides ! They were formerly in the councils of a Bourbon; to-morrow they will return to their country—and I and mine expiate in tortures the bless ings which I desired to bestow on nations. My enemies are the enemies of humanity; they desire to fetter the people, whom they regard like a flock of sheep; they endeavour to oppress France, and to make the stream reascend towards its source. Let them take care that it does not burst its bounds ! With my son, all opposite interests may live in peace; new ideas be diffused and gather strength, without any violent shock or the sacrifice of any victims, and humanitylpe spared dreadful misfortunes. But if the blind hatred of kings still pursues my blood after my death, I shall then be avenged, but cruelly avenged. Civilisation will suffer in every way, if nations burst their bounds, and rivers of blood will beshed throughout the whole of Europe; the light of science and knowledge will be extinguished amid civil and foreign war fare; more than three hundred years of troubles will be re quired in order to destroy in Europe that royal authority which has but for a day represented the interests of all classes of men, but which struggled for several centuries be fore it could throw off the restraints of the middle ages. If on the other band, the North advances against civilisation, the struggle will be of shorter duration, but the blows more fatal ; the well-being of nations, all the results which it has taken so many 3-ears to obtain, will be destroyed, and none can foresee the disastrous consequences. The accession of my son is for the interest of nations, as well as of kings. Be yond the circle of ideas and principles for which we have fought, and which I have carried triumphantly through all difficulties, I see nought but slavery and confusion for France and for the whole of Europe. " You will publish all that I have dictated or written, and you will engage my son to read and reflect upon it. You will tell him to protect all those who have served me well, and their number is large. My poor soldiers, so magnanimous, so devoted, are now perhaps in want of bread! What'cou rage, what good sense is there in this French people! What buried riches, which will perhaps never again see the light of day Europe is progressing towards an inevitable transfor mation : to endeavour to retard this progress, would be but to lose strength by a useless struggle; to favour it, is to strengthen the hopes and wishes of all. " There are desires of nationality which must be satisfied sooner or later, and it is towards this end that continual pro gress should be made. My son's position will not be exempt from immense difficulties ; let him do by general consent what I was compelled by circumstances to effect by force of arms. When I was victorious over Russia, in 1812, the problem of a peace of a hundred years' duration was solved. I cut the Gordian knot ofnations; in thepresent day it must beuntied. The remembrance of the thrones which I raised up, when it was for the interest of my general policy so to do, should be effaced. In the year 1815, I exacted from my brothers that they should forget their royalty, and only take the title of French princes. My son should follow this example; an opposite course would excite just alarm. It is no longer iii the North that great questions will be resolved, but in the Mediterranean; there, there is enough to content all the am bition of the different powers, and the happiness of the civi lized nations may be purchased with fragments of barbarous lands. Let the kings listen to reason; Europe will no longer afford matter for maintaining international hatreds. Preju dices are dissipated and intermingled; routes of commerce are becoming multiplied; it is no longer possible for one nation to monopolize it. As a means by which my son may see whether his adminLtration be good, or the contrary— whether his laws are in accordance with the manners of the country—let him have an annual and particular report pre sented to him of the number of condemnations pronounced by the tribunals. If crimes and delinquencies increase in number, it is a proof that misery is on the increase, and that society is ill governed ; their diminution, on the other hand, is a proof of the contrary.. _ _ Religiousldeas have more influence than certain narrow minded philosophers are willing to believe ; they are capable of rendering great services to humanity. By standing well with the Pope, an influence is still maintained over the con sciences of a hundred millions of men. Pius VII. will be always well disposed towards my son he is a tolerant and enlightened old man. Fatal circumstances embroiled our cabinets ; I regret this deeply. Fesch did not understand me; he upheld the party of the ultramontanes, the enemies of true religion in France. If you are permitted to return to France, you will still find many who have remained faithful to my memory. The best monument which they could raise to me would be to make a collection of all the ideas which I expressed in the Council of State, for the administration of the empire; to collect all my instructions to my Ministers; and to make a list of the works which I undertook, and of all the monuments which I raised in France and Italy. Maret, Daru, Blollien, Merlin, and Cambaceres, may contri bute to this work; it will be the completion of what I charge Bignon to write on my foreign policy and the general heads which I have indicated to you on my wars. In what I have said in the council of state, a distinction must be made be tween the measures, good only for the moment, and those whose application is eternally true. " Let my son often read and reflect on history; this is the only true philosophy. Let him read and meditate on the wars of the greatest captains; this is the only means of rightly learning the science of war. " But all that you say to him, or all that he learns, will be. of little use to him, it he has not in the depth of his heart that sacred fire and love of good which alone can effect great things. " I will hope, however, that he will be worthy of his distiny." We must content ourselves for the present with these quotations ; and we cannot more appropriately conclude our remarks on the anniversary of the death of this astonishing being, than in the exquisite and mournful language of Count Montholon :—" After such a variety of fortune, the Emperor at length reposes in his last and unchangeable resting-place. The immense drama of his marvellous destiny has closed with the gates of his tomb ; but this glorious tomb itself will remain as an abiding lesson to the whole family of wan; it will always remain to recal to the world the vanity of all earthly greatness and splendour. There sleeps the Emperor, together with the passions and animosities of which he was the object or the originator!" SUNDERLAND DOCK.—The directors of the Sun derland Dock Company have agreed with the owners for the purchase of all the property that will be required for the dock and its approaches, and without the necessity of having the value of any portion thereof assessed by a jury. The contract for excavating the clay and other soil from part of the town moor and the battery adjoining, required for the site of the new dock, will be let by tender in the course of a few days. The breach made in t wo o f th e groynes b y t h e sea, during the tremendous gale a month ago, has been filled up with solid masonry; and in order to guard against any similar accident, workmen are now employed in strengthening the three groynes by reconstructing parts thereof with solid masonry. The old fort,:which commands the entrance to the river Wear, is to be immediately pulled down, the site being required for the dock. It has long ceased to be fortified, but has been occupied by the Coast Guard. ROYAL HOSPITAL, GRAY'S INN-LANE.— The influx of applicants to this charity, during the past few days, has so greatly increased, that it has been found utterly impossible to attend to all applicants. At a meeting of ti e hoard held last evening, the Rev. Dr. Rice in the chair, it was stated that distress and its concomitant debility anti fever, induced by the unusual inclemency of the season, caused a great portion of the existing misery and sickness. ROYAL ORTHOYODDIC HOSPITAL.—The annual festival In aid of the funds of this excellent institution took place last evening, at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street. This Hospital, which is for the cure of club feet and other de formities, alas, since its institution, been the means'of restoring any . unforttinate cripples, and enabling them to get thei ,sing. SEIZURE FOR THE NON-PAYMENT OF CHURCH- I RATES.—Yesterday upwards of 1,200 ounces of silver plate, which had been seized for the non-payment of church-rates, were sold by public auction. The rate, it appears had for some time past become obnoxio us t o th e inhabitants of Hackney, Shoreditch, and they at length, almost en masse, determined to resist it The non-contents were accordingly distrained upon, and their plate, amounting in the aggregate to the above, was seized. The sale to o k pl ace at M essrs . Burt and 0., refiners, Cheapside, and the articles were bought in chiefly by their owners. A line of sailing packets between Antwerp and the ports of Gal a t z an d Odessa is about to be established, in execution of a treaty passed on the sth ult. between the Bel gian Minister of Foreign Affairs and M. Frederic Harkort. 'Fhe engagement is made from the present year up to 1851 in clusively.—Gangnani. HALIFAX, SATURDAY, MAY I.—There were more merchants in the hall to-day than this day week, veryvery fiat. T few goods eweprreepssuurrec on thehased,a money-market continuesndthoetr,a_mdeaieelt', but jms to chec kedobta obtain the ordersde m a u n t d o fi l r d r yarn, ates a N nd ot s eo p en iFLr b s For sorts th4t . except to supply present consuat buyin g i e n giv c ontent ool . are wanted there is scarcely but holders cannot force sales withoutsutobmb iettninoatedtc;) lower prices. [ADVERTISEMENT.] I. looking. glass, producing — Splendid a ny reductionar arrangement of effect of a long arcade, and so bewildering as to cause a the e ubt whether you are in London, or in old Rome. " Arch follows arch, and pile succeeds to pile." This unique apartment is devoted to cutting and arranging the hair io, and with another, having a beautiful view of Naples, are on the ground floor. In calling attention to their establishment, Ross and Sons beg to notice the ad vantages of their system—viz., they never take apprentices, ' nor young men from the country, nor object to customers asking for the same man to wait upon them. Every perso has clean brushes, they never being used twice without being washed; and parties are not uressed to buy things they do not want.—Address, Ross and Song, 119 and 120, Bishops gate-street. [ADVERTISEMENT.] _.LEGS THAT FOR ELEVEN YEAR RS WERE SWOLLEN Te NEARLY THE SIZE OF THE PERSON'S BODY CURED BY HOLLOWAI'S OINTMENT AND PILLS. -- Mrs. Higgin, of 1 ark-street, Wellington, Sa l op, caught a severe cold after a confinement, when her legs commenced swelling, and so went on until they became nearly as large as her body, breaking into sores and discharging a thin watery humour, which continued for eleven years. The Pain was generally most excruciating. Every treatment was trill L Vain, until at l as t s h e used Holloway ' s Pills and Ointment, L effected a p er f ect cure. Her general health is likewise wonderfully ~ y , improved. Thi s ex t raord i nary case was commun i cate d by K. S h ari Of NO. 29, Park -street, Wellington. Sold by druggists, and and at r:otbssor Holloway's establlsLuflent, 244, Strand, London. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT HOUSE OF LORDS, May 4. [The following is a fuller the (I,l3a,tvs on the undermentioned subjects than a2peared in our Edition of yesterday :—] BANK OF ENGLAND. Lord WHARNCLIFFE asked whether a ny applica tions had been mad e to th e Bank of Eng land by the Government for advances from the former beyond the usual amount required upon deficiency bills for the current public service during the latter half of the yea 1846, and down to the present period ; and if so, whether there would be any objection to producing the corres pondence, or written communication connected there with ? The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said, in the first place, he had to state that, far from complaining of the question having been put, he thought that at the present moment it was a natural and fit question to put. With respect to the que s ti on i tself, he could say distinctly that beyond the mere formal and c onstant correspondence on the subjects usually discussed between the Bank and the partd been of b ltenh no usual ord Government, and which formed ma chinery of Government, there li Lord's correspon dence whatever on the subject of thelo during o f Bank the te last ques tion ; but it was true that the Chan ce ll or Ex chequer had had, from time to time quarter, personal communications with theo n . this subject, but none of them taking the shapeofwrqten correspondence, and in the course of these communica tions the Bank has been constantly apprised of eie- mands—not much exceeding the demands of common years—that the Government would have to make upon them. Of the excess of securities in the Bank, of which so much had been said, he might observe, that the excess had been much more an excess of private securities than an excess of Government securities. On the 9th of January the private securities in the Bank were 14,400,000 L, and they had risen on the 14th of April to 18,627,0001. ; and at the moment when the ad vances of the Bank to the Government had been the highest, on the Bth of April , namely, the amount of pri vate securities was 18,136,0001., being many millions in crease beyond what it was at the commencement of the year. If there was anything to lament at this moment with regard to the m one t ar y affairs of the country, it was the pressure to which the Noble Lord had referred; but, considering the variety of causes which had occurred calculated to give rise to that pressure—considering the extraordinary stat e o f t h e country, t h e great deman d f or theimportation of food, instead of being surprised that any such pressure should have come upon the Bank, his only surprise was that it had not been felt much sooner. Had precautions been taken at an earlier period the pressure would have been less severe: he trusted, how ever, that it would soon be overcome, and he could con fidently state that it was the anxious desire of the Go vernment and the Treasury not to add to the difficulties of the country by any interference with the management of the Bank, but to leave that body a sole control over its own affairs. Lord BIZOUGr'HAM was of opinion, that considering :he very extraordinary circumstances that had occurred, .t was not in the power either of the Batik or the Go- vernment to have prevented the crisis that had hap pened, which might fairly be traced to the failure of the potato crop, to the vast importation of foreign corn, and to the continual drain on the money-nrirket for supply ing capital to the carrying on of railways, which amounted in less than six weeks to a sum of 3,000.0001.; these were circumstances which must necessarily lead to a deranged state of the exchanges. Here the subject dropped. LANDED PROPERTY (IRELAND) BILL. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE, on moving the order of the day for their Lordships going into Committee on this Bill, observed, that their Lordships having permitted the Bill to be read a second time without any explana tion of its provisions, he felt that it was but respectful ro their Lordships, although' he did not anticipate any objection to the measure, to state briefly its general pur pose and object. The Bill was founded, he need not tell their Lordships, upon the circumstances which were peculiar to the present state of Ireland; and after the various discussions which had taken place in Parliament upon the subject of the condition of the people and the agricultural industry of that country, he believed there were but few of their Lordships who had not arrived at the opinion and conviction that vast improvements were required to be made in the agricultural iminagernent of that country; and that, upon an improved system of cultivation, by an increased application of capital and skill, the future state of prosperity and even safety of Ireland muse mainly depend. It was in proportion to their Lordships applying a stimulus to this improved system, and to these undertakings, by the investment of capital in the cultivation of the land, that they could an ticipate effecting any remedy for the present state of things, or derive any collateral benefit from those other measures which their Lordships were now engaged in carrying forward —measures which it was admitted en all hands would require the cordial support of their Lordships, in order to their being rendered effectual to the promotion of the general interests of Ireland. After all the reflection which be had been able to give to this subject, putting aside every prejudice which he did not deny entertaining in favour of that part of the United Kingdom, he was deeply convinced that it was by the agency of the landed proprietors only that the stimulus could be applied for introducing an extended system of agricultural improvement in Ireland. If that improve ment was not to be carried into effect by the proprietors of the land, he knew not by what means thai improve meat could be given to the condition of the population of the country which was requisite for the purpose of providing for their subsistence. Their Lordships could hardly think that in the present state of agricultural destitution in Ireland any improvements could be intro duced by the tenants of the land ; and as little did he suppose that their Lordships thought it would be com petent to the Crown itself to undertake, even if autho rised by Parliament, a system of improvement to be carried into effect by the Commissioners of Woods and Forests, whatever confidence their Lordships might feel in the Administration, or however much they might wish to see discharged the duties of applying machinery to drainage, and to the making of improvements of every kind for one great object, and under one authority. The obvious solution, therefore, of the difficulty in which their Lordships were placed was that of giving, under the circumstances of great disadvantage which they at the present time experienced, aid and assistance to the landed proprietors, by which they might have additional motives for exerting themselves in the improvement of their own estates. Their Lordships were well aware, for it had been repeatedly urged in the course of the dis eussions on this subject, that the proprietors of Ireland were not in a condition, with respect to the possession of capital, to command the means by which they could at once, and at one stroke, in one year, commence a system of improvement. If they were to attempt to do so, it would deprive them of their income, and in case of being in debt would deprive them of the means of paying the interest upon that debt ; in short, it would impose upon them duties which none but capitalists could undertake to discharge even in this country. If such would be the state of things even in England.generally, their Lord ships well knew that it was the case very peculiarly with respect to Ireland. Their Lordships knew that a very large portion of the property in Ireland was very deeply mortgaged, so that it was impossible for persons deriving nothing but a life income, subject to charges, from property which they only nominally possessed, to devote a sufficient sum of money necessary to introduce a change in the whole system of cultivation of the country ; to substitute new modes for old ; new machinery for that which has been hitherto in use, and so to act upon the industry of the la bourers of the country as to effect 3 total revolution in their habits and social condition. But their Lordships must be convinced that nothing short of this would really improve Ireland, or would give satisfaction or se curity there; nothing short of this would prevent Ire land for the future from being what it had unhappily been in the past, a weight and an incubus upon the re sources of this country. It would be taking a very narrow view of this subject, if their Lordships were to consider that by passing this Bill they were giving as sistance to the Irish proprietors alone. It was not their interest only that they were considering, but the inte rest of the whole country; f r the whole population would benefit by the application of the money proposed to be advanced, and the repayment of which was secured by the provisions of this Bill. It was in the largest sense for the interest of Zogland itself that their L )rd ships were legislating, and it Was with this view that he now proposed to their Lordships the measure which had been prepared to remedy the evil that so universally pre vailed in Ireland. The Noble Marquis proceeded to state the nature of the provisions of the Bill, the chief purpose of which was to carry into more complete effect the Bill of last session, which authorised the advance of the sum of 1,000,000/. By that Act the advances were made to certain descriptions of estates, whereas this Bill ex tended the benefit of the measure to all kinds of landsd estates, care being taken to secure the principal and in terest, the 1,000,0001. being increased to 1,500,0001. It was proposed that for loans so advanced an interest of 6i per cent. Should be charged on the property; and . it was hoped that not only the inter , st , but the principal would, within a few years , be repai d. As t his me asure was intended to be univers al, and to apply gen erally been th there fore that theyovis e case of bl of individuals; the p throughout the country , it b ecame desirable that I variet y t shou ld be made a so framed fi i° t D te s d mf th the esem ßi l l v l e h s to ad almost every description of p ro p ert y in Ireland, and it r would be in the power of every proprietor to avail him self of them. The greatest anxiety was felt in Ireland for the passing of this Bill; es a proof of it, abundant applications had been already made for assistance under its provisions. In many parts of Ireland, upon the speed dN afforde d tohbal et hm e.awr w la would rme d oa e sd p t depend n ol d er tk t t h ee e dr f ui n r o ti lw m i thy a i co c hf l that e t r h g y e a m a a es n a ss su w t ra who o c e s T t w a ha t e e s off his legs in th e di sc h arge of h is official duties as chairman of a board of guardians, only hope of e ff ectual aid to the anidnhthabaittain'tiss of his parish was in the landlords obtaining as sistance under this Bill. At present not Si. a week was paid in wages amongst a population of 4,000. The object of the Government being that these loans should be spread over as wide a surface as possible, it no being expedient to:confine the advances to any one spot, a cause was introduced which provided that no person should be allowed to borrow more than 20,0001. The Noble Marquis concluded by moving that the order of the day be now read. The Duke of WELLINGTON—My Lords, during this session of Parliament I have contributed my sup port to various measures which have been proposed by her Majesty's Government with a view to apply a re medy to the misfortune which has occurred within the last year in Ireland ; but I must say, that of all the measures which have been proposed by her Majesty's Government that one which the Noble Marquis has just adverted to, and the provisions of which he has now stated to your Lordships, is the one which I be lieve, in conjunction with the Bill the second reading of which was proposed by my Noble and Learned Friend (the Lord Chancellor) a few nights ago, sin i